Additional Mathematics F5 ~ Probability Distribution

D:Maths.Additional.19ProbabilityDistributionF5_Binomial.doc
1
Binomial Distribution: You should know .
~ Bernoullis experiment has only two possible outcomes.
~ For a binomial distribution, the probability of obtaining r numbers of successes out of n experiments is given as
( )
n r n r
r
P X r C p q

where X = discrete random variables, p = probability of success,
q = probability of failure, r = 0, 1, 2, ., n.
~ For a binomial distribution, mean, = np, variance,
2
npq and standard deviation, npq .

Skill 1 : Identify Discrete Random Variables, X (r)

Example:
Number of boys of a family of four children.

Given: n = 4
Therefore, discrete random variables
X is { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 }
(a) Number of rainy days in a particular week.

(b) Number of days that Sally is late for school in a five-
day week.
(c) Number of durians of mass more than two kilograms
in a bag of six durians.

Skill 2 : Probability of Binomial Distribution

Determine the probability of the following.
Example:
The probability that a school bus will be late is 01.
Calculate the probability that the bus will be late for 2
days during 5 schooling days.
Given:
(i) p = 01, then q = 09
(ii) n = 5
(iii) r = 2

Solution:
P(X = 2) =
5
C
2
(01)
2
(09)
5 2

= 00729
(a) The probability that Eddy will in a badminton game
is 07. If there are 8 games to be played, calculate
the probability that Eddy will win in exactly 5 games.

(b) The probability that it will rain on a certain day in
Jitra town is
1
4
. Calculate the probability that
during a certain week, it will be rain on exactly 3
days.
(c) Given 20% of the durians sold during a festival are
spoiled. If Ahmad bought 10 durians, calculate the
probability that
(i) only one durian is spoiled,
(ii) all are in good condition.

Identify
four
children
Use calculator
to find the
answer
p + q = 1
Additional Mathematics F5 ~ Probability Distribution
D:Maths.Additional.19ProbabilityDistributionF5_Binomial.doc
2
Skill 3 : Plot the Graph of Binomial Distribution

Plot the graph for the following binomial distribution.
Example:
A coin is tossed 4 times continuously. X represents the number of head shown on the upper surface.

Given:
n = 4 X = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
p = 05, q = 05

Solution:
P(X = 0) =
4
C
0
(05)
0
(05)
4
= 00625
P(X = 1) =
4
C
1
(05)
1
(05)
3
= 025
P(X = 2) =
4
C
2
(05)
2
(05)
2
= 0375
P(X = 3) =
4
C
3
(05)
3
(05)
1
= 025
P(X = 4) =
4
C
4
(05)
4
(05)
0
= 00625

(Check: 00625 + 025 + 0375 + 025
+ 00625 = 1 ~ Total Probability)
(a) In a quiz competition, every contestant has to answer 3 questions. The probability that David gave correct
answer for each question is 07. X represents the number of correct answer given.

0 1 2 3 4
00
01
02
03
04
P(X = x)
x
p + q = 1
Additional Mathematics F5 ~ Probability Distribution
D:Maths.Additional.19ProbabilityDistributionF5_Binomial.doc
3
(b) The probability to get a project is 04. A contractor had tried 5 times to get the project. X represents the number
of times he successes to get the project.

(c) In a Bernoulli experiment, probability of success p =
1
4
. The experiment is done repeatedly for 4 times.
(i) Calculate the binomial distribution for the experiment.
(ii) Draw a graph for the distribution.

Additional Mathematics F5 ~ Probability Distribution
D:Maths.Additional.19ProbabilityDistributionF5_Binomial.doc
4
Skill 4 : Mean, Variance and Standard Deviationof Binomial Distribution
[mean, = np, variance,
2
npq and standard deviation, npq .]

Determine the mean, variance and standard deviation for the following binomial distribution.
Example:
Given:
n = 10, p = 02 then q = 08

Solution:
Mean, = np = (10)(02) = 2
Variance,
2
= npq = (10) )(02) )(08) = 16
Standard Deviation, = npq
= ( )( )( ) 10 0 2 0 8 = 1265
(d) n = 75, p =
3
5


(e) Gopal has shot an arrow about 30 times. The
probability that his throw is on target is 06.

(f) A fair coin is tossed about 100 times. The
probability that the head is shown is
1
2
.

(g) A dice is tossed for 10 times continuously. The
probability to get a number is
1
6
.
(h) There are 40 students in Form 5A. 80% of the
students in Form 5A passes their Mathematics test.

Additional Mathematics F5 ~ Probability Distribution
D:Maths.Additional.19ProbabilityDistributionF5_Binomial.doc
5
Skill 5 : Problem Solving

(a) 75% of the trees planted by a farmer will produce
fruits. If the farmer plants 5 trees, determine the
probability that at least two trees will produce fruits.

(b) The probability that it will rain on a certain day in an
area is
3
4
. Calculate the probability that during a
certain week, it will be rain on
(i) exactly 2 days,
(ii) less than 3 days.

(c) Probability that a shooter hits its target is 08. Find
the number of shots that has to be fired such that the
probability of hitting the target at least once is greater
than 09.
(d) Probability that Susan will win in a game is
1
4
.
Susan had played for a few times. The probability
that she will win for exactly once is 8 times the
probability that she lost in all her games. Calculate
the number of games she played.

Additional Mathematics F5 ~ Probability Distribution
D:Maths.Additional.19ProbabilityDistributionF5_Binomial.doc
6

(e) 60% of the workers in a company are female. 120
workers are randomly selected from the company.
Determine the mean number of selected female
workers. Hence, find the standard deviation of the
number of selected female workers.

(f) A binomial random variable has a mean of
15
2
and
a variance of
25
4
. Find the probability of success, p
and the number of trials, n.

(g) In town A, 6 out of 8 residents own a car. If there are
1 236 residents in the town own a car, calculate the
number of residents in the town. Hence, determine its
standard deviation.
(h) The passing mark for a physical test is 80. If 6
candidates passed in the test and the variance is
5976, find the number of candidates sit for the test.
Hence, determine the probability that someone
passes the test.