Homework

THERMAL-FLUID SCIENCES
Problem Navier Stokes Equations in Cylindrical Coordinates
Using the results of vector analysis, derive the expressions of the Navier-Stokes equations:
where:
in cylindrical coordinates r, !, z whose metric factors are:
h
r
= 1, h
!
= r and h
z
= 1
! = " # $ u ( )1+ #u + #u ( )
T
%
&
'
(
!"
!t
+ u # $" = %"$# u
!
"u
"t
+ !u # $u = %$p + $# & + !g

!
"e
"t
+ !u # $e = %p$# u +& # $u + $# k$T ( ) +
!
Q
Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa Page 1
Homework
Solution
Recall:
Hence:
Next, notice that:
while the remaining derivatives of the unit vectors vanish. With these results:
or, more compactly:
!e
r
!"
=
1# d"
d"
e
"
= e
"
and
!e
"
!"
= $
1# d"
d"
e
r
= $e
r
u ! "u = u ! " ( )u = u
#
#r
+
v
r
#
#$
+ w
#
#z
%
&
'
(
)
*
ue
r
+ ve
$
+ we
z
( ) =
! = " e
1
1
h
1
#
# " x
1
+ " e
2
1
h
2
#
# " x
2
+ " e
3
1
h
3
#
# " x
3
= e
r
#
#r
+ e
$
1
r
#
#$
+ e
z
#
#z
!p = e
r
" p
"r
+ e
#
1
r
" p
"#
+ e
z
" p
"z
k!T = e
r
k
"T
"r
+ e
#
k
r
"T
"#
+ e
z
k
"T
"z
! " k!T ( ) = e
r
#
#r
+ e
$
1
r
#
#$
+ e
z
#
#z
%
&
'
(
)
*
" e
r
k
#T
#r
+ e
$
k
r
#T
#$
+ e
z
k
#T
#z
%
&
'
(
)
*
=
=
!
!r
k
!T
!r
"
#
$
%
&
'
+
k
r
!T
!r
+
1
r
!
!(
k
r
!T
!(
"
#
$
%
&
'
+
!
!z
k
!T
!z
"
#
$
%
&
'
= e
r
u
!u
!r
+ e
"
u
!v
!r
+ e
z
u
!w
!r
+
+e
r
v
r
!u
!"
+ e
"
v
r
!v
!"
+ e
z
v
r
!w
!"
+ e
"
uv
r
# e
r
v
2
r
+
+e
r
w
!u
!z
+ e
"
w
!v
!z
+ e
z
w
!w
!z
u ! " = ue
r
+ ve
#
+ we
z
( ) ! e
r
$
$r
+ e
#
1
r
$
$#
+ e
z
$
$z
%
&
'
(
)
*
= u
$
$r
+
v
r
$
$#
+ w
$
$z
! " u = e
r
#
#r
+ e
$
1
r
#
#$
+ e
z
#
#z
%
&
'
(
)
*
" ue
r
+ ve
$
+ we
z
( ) =
#u
#r
+
1
r
#v
#$
+
#w
#z
+
u
r
u ! "# = ue
r
+ ve
$
+ we
z
( ) ! e
r
%#
%r
+ e
$
1
r
%#
%$
+ e
z
%#
%z
&
'
(
)
*
+
= u
%#
%r
+
v
r
%#
%$
+ w
%#
%z
u ! "e = ue
r
+ ve
#
+ we
z
( ) ! e
r
$e
$r
+ e
#
1
r
$e
$#
+ e
z
$e
$z
%
&
'
(
)
*
= u
$e
$r
+
v
r
$e
$#
+ w
$e
$z
Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa Page 2
Homework
Also:
or, more compactly:
From this result:
and, using the expression of the divergence of u:
from which the expressions of:
and:
!u = e
r
e
r
"u
"r
+ e
r
e
#
"v
"r
+ e
r
e
z
"w
"r
+
!u = e
r
"
"r
+ e
#
1
r
"
"#
+ e
z
"
"z
$
%
&
'
(
)
ue
r
+ ve
#
+ we
z
( ) =
u ! "u = e
r
u
#u
#r
+
v
r
#u
#$
+ w
#u
#z
%
v
2
r
&
'
(
)
*
+
+
!u + !u ( )
T
= e
r
e
r
2
"u
"r
+ e
r
e
#
"v
"r
$
v
r
+
1
r
"u
"#
%
&
'
(
)
*
+ e
r
e
z
"w
"r
+
"u
"z
%
&
'
(
)
*
+
! = " # $ u ( )1+ #u + #u ( )
T
%
&
'
(
+e
!
u
"v
"r
+
v
r
"v
"!
+ w
"v
"z
+
uv
r
#
$
%
&
'
(
+
+e
z
u
!w
!r
+
v
r
!w
!"
+ w
!w
!z
#
$
%
&
'
(
= e
r
e
r
!u
!r
+ e
r
e
"
!v
!r
+ e
r
e
z
!w
!r
+
+e
!
e
r
1
r
"u
"!
+ e
!
e
!
u
r
+ e
!
e
!
1
r
"v
"!
# e
!
e
r
v
r
+ e
!
e
z
1
r
"w
"!
+
+e
z
e
r
!u
!z
+ e
z
e
"
!v
!z
+ e
z
e
z
!w
!z
+e
!
e
r
1
r
"u
"!
#
v
r
$
%
&
'
(
)
+ e
!
e
!
1
r
"v
"!
+
u
r
$
%
&
'
(
)
+ e
!
e
z
1
r
"w
"!
+
+e
z
e
r
!u
!z
+ e
z
e
"
!v
!z
+ e
z
e
z
!w
!z
+e
!
e
r
1
r
"u
"!
+
"v
"r
#
v
r
$
%
&
'
(
)
+ e
!
e
!
2
1
r
"v
"!
+
u
r
$
%
&
'
(
)
+ e
!
e
z
1
r
"w
"!
+
"v
"z
$
%
&
'
(
)
+
+e
z
e
r
!u
!z
+
!w
!r
"
#
$
%
&
'
+ e
z
e
(
!v
!z
+
1
r
!w
!(
"
#
$
%
&
'
+ e
z
e
z
2
!w
!z
! " u ( )1 = e
r
e
r
+ e
#
e
#
+ e
z
e
z
( )
1
r
$ ur ( )
$r
+
$v
$#
+
$ wr ( )
$z
%
&
'
(
)
*
Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa Page 3
Homework
are readily obtained.
Besides:
where:
Hence:
where:
Also, from the earlier expression of the velocity gradient:
Developing the derivatives:
and, from the expression of the divergence of the velocity u:
! " # = ! " $ ! " u ( )1 %
&
'
(
+ ! " !u + !u ( )
T
%
&
'
(
{ }
=
= ! " ! # u ( ) $
%
&
'
+ ! ( ) # !u + !u ( )
T
$
%
&
'
+ ! # !u ( ) + ! # !u ( )
T
$
%
&
'
! " !u ( )
T
= e
i
#
#x
i
" e
j
e
k
#u
k
#x
j
$
%
&
'
(
)
T
= e
i
#
#x
i
" e
k
e
j
#u
k
#x
j
$
%
&
'
(
)
= e
j
#
#x
j
#u
i
#x
i
= ! ! " u ( )
! " # = ! $ ! " u ( ) %
&
'
(
+ ! ( ) " !u + !u ( )
T
%
&
'
(
+ !
2
u + ! ! " u ( ) %
&
'
(
! " # ! " u ( )1 $
%
&
'
= e
r
(
(r
#
(u
(r
+
1
r
(v
()
+
(w
(z
+
u
r
*
+
,
-
.
/
$
%
0
&
'
1
+
+e
!
1
r
"
"!
#
"u
"r
+
1
r
"v
"!
+
"w
"z
+
u
r
$
%
&
'
(
)
*
+
,
-
.
/
+ e
z
"
"z
#
"u
"r
+
1
r
"v
"!
+
"w
"z
+
u
r
$
%
&
'
(
)
*
+
,
-
.
/
!
2
u = ! " !u =
#
#r
e
r
#u
#r
+ e
$
#v
#r
+ e
z
#w
#r
%
&
'
(
)
*
+
+
1
r
!
!"
e
r
1
r
!u
!"
#
v
r
$
%
&
'
(
)
+ e
"
1
r
!v
!"
+
u
r
$
%
&
'
(
)
+ e
z
1
r
!w
!"
*
+
,
-
.
/
+
+e
r
1
r
!
!"
1
r
!u
!"
#
v
r
$
%
&
'
(
)
+ e
"
1
r
!
!"
1
r
!v
!"
+
u
r
$
%
&
'
(
)
+ e
z
1
r
!
!"
1
r
!w
!"
$
%
&
'
(
)
+
+e
!
1
r
2
"u
"!
#
v
r
2
$
%
&
'
(
)
# e
r
1
r
2
"v
"!
+
u
r
2
$
%
&
'
(
)
+
+e
r
!
2
u
!z
2
+ e
"
!
2
v
!z
2
+ e
z
!
2
w
!z
2
+
!
!z
e
r
!u
!z
+ e
"
!v
!z
+ e
z
!w
!z
#
$
%
&
'
(
!
2
u = e
r
"
2
u
"r
2
+ e
#
"
2
v
"r
2
+ e
z
"
2
w
"r
2
+
! " #u = $ # " u ( ) Tr #u { } + #u " #u + #u " #u ( )
T
%
&
'
(
Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa Page 4
Homework
Substitution in the relevant equations yields the expression of the Navier Stokes equations in
cylindrical coordinates. For instance the continuity equation writes:
More lenthy expressions are similarly obtained for the momentum and energy balances.
!"
!t
+ u
!"
!r
+
v
r
!"
!#
+ w
!"
!z
= $
"
r
! ur ( )
!r
+
!v
!#
+
! wr ( )
!z
%
&
'
(
)
*
! ! " u ( ) = e
r
#
#r
#u
#r
+
1
r
#v
#$
+
#w
#z
+
u
r
%
&
'
(
)
*
+
+e
!
1
r
"
"!
"u
"r
+
1
r
"v
"!
+
"w
"z
+
u
r
#
$
%
&
'
(
+ e
z
"
"z
"u
"r
+
1
r
"v
"!
+
"w
"z
+
u
r
#
$
%
&
'
(
Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa Page 5