汉英对照标注版2008年《政府工作报告》（一）

发布日期：2008-03-21   点击：

政府工作报告

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

——2008年3月5日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上

Delivered at the First Session of the Eleventh National

People's Congress on March 5, 2008

国务院总理　温家宝

各位代表：

Fellow Deputies,

现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告本届政府过去五年的工作，对今年工作提出建议，请予审议，并请

全国政协各位委员提出意见。

On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to deliver to you a report on the work of the

government over the past five years and on the arrangements for its work this

deliberation a nda pproval

a a f c nd also s or fomments
t m o tnd C uggestions

People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、 过去五年工作回顾

I. Review of the Work of the Past Five Years

第十届全国人民代表大会第一次会议以来的五年，是不平凡的五年。在中国共产党领导下，各级政

府和全国各族人民认真贯彻党的十六大精神，齐心协力，顽强拼搏，积极应对复杂多变的国际环境，努力

克服经济社会发展中的各种困难，战胜了突如其来的严重非典疫情和历史罕见的低温雨雪冰冻等特大自

然灾害，改革开放和现代化建设取得了举世瞩目的重大成就。
 The past five years since the First Session of the Tenth National People's Congre

momentous period. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), governments at

all levels and people of all the

ethnic groups in China diligently followed the guiding principles set

out at the Sixteenth CPC National Congress and worked in concert and w

v i g o r o u s l y r e s p o n d e d t o t h e c o m p lveoxl aat ni ldei n t e r n a t i o n a l e n v i r o n m e n t , s t r o v e t o o v e r c o m e

various difficulties hindering economic and social development, and

prevailed over the sudden and

severe o utbreak
o S a catastrophic
f ARSn aturald nd sisasters
a t r uch
s a is s he ecent

i n t h e s o u t h t h a t t h e r e g i o n h a s r a r e l y. sWe e nmba edfeo rme a j o r a c h i e v e m e n t s i n r e f o r m ,

opening up and modernization, which attracted the attention of the world.

——经济跨上新台阶。2007年，国内生产总值达到24.66万亿元，比2002年增长65.5%，年均增长

10.6%，从世界第六位上升到第四位；全国财政收入达到5.13万亿元，增长1.71倍；外汇储备超过1.52万

亿美元。

– The economy reached a new high. China's GDP in 2007 reached 24.

an increase of 65.5% over 2002

and an average annual increase of 10.6%, rising from the sixth

highest o i t new tn t he
f Torld g o her ourth.
r 5 otal
t y overnment
a1

increase over 2002. Our foreign exchange reserves exceeded US$ 1.52 trillion.

——取消农业税，终结了农民种田交税的历史。全国粮食连续四年增产，2007年产量达到50150万

吨。

– T h e a g r i c u l t u r a l t a x w a s ,r eesncdi ni ndge dt h e c e n t u r i e s - o l d p r a c t i c e o f f a r m e r s p a

taxes. China's grain output rose four consecutive years to reach 501.5 million tons in 2007.

——国有企业、金融、财税、外经贸体制和行政管理体制等改革迈出重大步伐。开放型经济进入新阶

段。2007年进出口总额达到2.17万亿美元，从世界第六位上升到第三位。

– Major progress was made in the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), the fi

system, f a iscal
t s nd t axation
s o f ystems,
t a e he c ystem a tf oreign
administrativesystem. China has entered a new stage in developing a more open economy. Total

volume of imports and exports reached $2.17 trillion inraising

2007, China from the sixth largest

trading nation in the world to the third largest.

——创新型国家建设进展良好，涌现出一批具有重大国际影响的科技创新成果。载人航天飞行和首

次月球探测工程圆满成功。

– Good progress was made in efforts tomake China more innovative, and a number of major

s c i e n t i f i c a n d t e c h n o l o g i c a l i n n o v a t i o n s w i t h

spaceflights and our first moon exploration project were successfully carried out.

——全面实现农村免费义务教育，这是我国教育发展史上的重要里程碑。覆盖城乡的公共卫生体系

和基本医疗服务体系初步建立。

– Free compulsory education

was made available to all rural students, marking an important

milestone in the history of the development of education in China. The basic framew

public health system and a system of basic medical services covering both urban and rural areas

have been put in place.

——城乡公共文化服务体系逐步完善。文化体制改革取得重要进展，文化事业和文化产业快速发

展。上海特奥会成功举办。北京奥运会、残奥会和上海世博会筹备工作进展顺利。

– Steady improvement was made in the urban and rural system of public cultural serv

Significant progress was made in reform of the cultural management system, and the development

of cu lt ura l p ro gr am s and c ul tur al in dust ri e s w as a cc e l er at e d. T he Shang ha i Sp e cia l Ol y mp ics w

successfully h P eld. f t reparations

2 O a Paralympics
or he
i nB eijing
008 a t 2lympics
ndW he nd
010

Expo in Shanghai proceeded smoothly.

——民主法制建设取得新进步，依法行政扎实推进，保障人民权益和维护社会公平正义得到加强。

– Pr og re ss wa s m a de i n d ev e lo pi ng de m oc ra c y a nd the l e ga l sy st em a nd in e nhanci ng la w
based g overnment.
G e w m
reatert s fforts
p r erea i ade a eo afeguard

social fairness and justice.

——人民生活显著改善。五年全国新增城镇就业5100万人。城镇居民人均可支配收入由2002年

7703元增加到2007年13786元，农村居民人均纯收入由2476元增加到4140元。社会保障体系框架初步形

成。贫困人口逐年减少。

– P e o p l e ' s l i v i n g s t a n d a r d s i m p r o v e d s i g.n iFf i fctayn- tolny e m i l l i o n u r b a n j o b s w e r e c r e a t e d

over the past five years. Urban per capita annual

disposable income rose from 7,703 yuan in 2002

to 1 3,786
y i 2 uana r n p 007,
c a ndn i ural r f er 2 apita
y t 4 nnual
y et n

during the same period. The basicframework for a social safety net for both urban and rural areas

was put in place. The number of people living in poverty was reduced every year.

事实充分说明，过去五年是改革开放和全面建设小康社会取得重大进展的五年，是社会生产力和综

合国力显著增强的五年，是社会事业全面发展和人民得到更多实惠的五年，是我国国际地位和影响不断

提高的五年。

All the se im prov ements fully

demonstrate
that during the past five -yea r period great strides

were made in carrying out reform and opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in

all respects. During this time the productive forces and overall national strength were significantly

improved, social programs were comprehensively developed, people received even greater benefits

and China's international standing and influence constantly grew.

汉英对照标注版2008年《政府工作报告》（二）
发布日期：2008-03-21   点击：

五年来，我们树立和落实科学发展观，着力发展经济、深化改革开放、保障和改善民生，促进社会和

谐，付出了巨大努力，做了大量工作。
 D u r i n g t h e p a s t f i v e y eeasr tsa b
wlei s h e d a n d p u t i n t o p r a c t i c e t h e S c i e n t i f i c O u t l o

Development, worked hard on economic development, deepened reform and opening up, ensured

t he we l l b e i n g o f t he p e o p l e , i m p ro v e d t h e i r l i v e s , a nd p r o m o t e d s o c i a l h a r m o n y . W e m a d e g r

efforts and accomplished a great deal.

（一）加强和改善宏观调控，促进经济平稳快速发展

1 . I m p r o v im
n ga c r o e c o n o m
r ei c
gulation to promote steady and rapid econom

development.

我们围绕解决经济运行中的突出矛盾，注重宏观调控的预见性、及时性和有效性。几年来，针对固

定资产投资增长过快、货币信贷投放过多、外贸顺差过大，以及农业基础薄弱等经济发展中不稳定、不协

调、不可持续的问题，严把土地、信贷两个闸门，提高市场准入门槛，适时调整财政政策、货币政策，完善

产业政策和土地政策，调整经济结构，加强薄弱环节，搞好经济运行调节。根据经济形势的变化，多次及

时调整金融机构存款准备金率、存贷款基准利率，取消或降低高耗能、高排放和资源性产品的出口退

税。这些宏观调控措施取得明显成效，经济连续五年保持平稳快速发展，没有出现大的起落。

W e e n d e a v omr ae kd e t m
o a c r o e c o n o m i c r e g u l a t i o n m o r e p r o

effective, with the focus on resolving major problems affecting economic operation. Over the past

f e w y e a r s , w e t i g h t e n e d c o n t r o l s o n t h e s u p prl ai ei ss e d
o f ml a rn kde ta nadc ccer sesd i

requirements, adjusted financial and monetary policies as needed, improved industrial policies and

the land policy, adjusted the economic structure, shored up weak links and effectively reg

economic operation to address problem

o vs e sr u
hec ha t aegsdr o w t h i n f i x e d a s s e t i n v e s t m e n t ,

excessive supplies of money and credit, excess ively large tra

agriculture, the foundation of the economy, which could cause economic development to become

u n s t a b l e , u n b ua n
l as nu cs et .d
a i I nan an bdr le es p o n s e t o c h a n g e s i n t h e

h a v e r e p e a t e d l y m a d e t i m e l y a d j u s t m e n t s

b e n c h m a r ikn t e r e s t r a t e s f o r s a v i n g s a n d l o a n s i n f i n a n c i a l ianns d
t i truetsi o
c innsd e d o r r e d u c e d
export tax rebates for resource products and products whose production is energy i

highly polluting. These macroeconomic regulatory measures produced

China's economy maintained steady and rapid development througho

without experiencing major fluctuations.

我们从加强农业基础入手，把促进粮食增产和农民增收作为首要任务，在制度、政策和投入方面采

取一系列重大举措。全部取消了农业税、牧业税和特产税，每年减轻农民负担1335亿元。同时，建立农业

补贴制度，对农民实行粮食直补、良种补贴、农机具购置补贴和农业生产资料综合补贴，对产粮大县和财

政困难县乡实行奖励补助。大幅度增加对农业农村投入，中央财政用于“三农”的支出五年累计1.6万亿

元，其中用于农村基础设施建设近3000亿元，地方也较多增加了投入。五年新增节水灌溉面积666.7万公

顷、新增沼气用户1650万户、新建改建农村公路130万公里，解决了9748万农村人口饮水困难和饮水安

全问题，建立了重大动物疫病防控体系，防止了高致病性禽流感等疫情蔓延。这些措施，极大地调动了农

民积极性，有力地推动了社会主义新农村建设，农村发生了历史性变化，亿万农民由衷地感到高兴。农业

的发展，为整个经济社会的稳定和发展发挥了重要作用。

We adopted a series of major measures related to institutions, policies and inv

increase g p rain a rroduction

i a a m nd o p ural a sncomes a s a t atter

foundation of the economy. We completely rescinded the agricultural tax, livestock tax and tax on

special agricultural products throughout China, reducing the burden on farmers by an average o

133.5 billion yuan per year. In addition, we set up a subsidy scheme for agriculture, i

direct s ubsidies
f g p or subsidies
rain f ors roducers,
uperior
c v rop
s arieties,
f t p ubsidies

of agricultural machinery and tools, and general subsidies for agricultural production supplies and

p r o v i d i n g i n c e n t i v e s t o m a j o r g r a i n - p r o d u c i n g

townshipswith serious f inancial dif ficulties. Investment in agric ulture and rural are as was great

increased. Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and fa

trillion yuan over the past five years, including nearly 300 billion yuan that was used for developing
rural infrastructure. Local governments also substantially increased their input. During the five-year

p e r i o d , a n a d d i t i o n a l 6 . 6 6 7 m i l l i o n h e c t a r e s o f f a r m l a n d w

irriga tionfacilities, methane gas was made av ailable to 16 .5 million more households, 1 .3 millio

kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded, and safe drinking water was p

additional 97.48 million rural residents. A system for the prevention and control of major a

diseases was set up, and the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza was prevented. T

measures g e reatly f ncouraged

t g m g a sarmersi t ot drow ore,
o a ave

n e w s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r y s i d e a n d b r o u g h t h i s t o r i c c h a n g e s t o trou rtahl eCghri e

na t s a t i s f a c t i o n o f

hundreds of millions of rural people

. Agricultural development played an important role in ensuring

the overall stability and development of China's economy and society.

我们制定了国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，对2006－2020年的科技发展作出全面部署，启

动一批重大专项。这对增强自主创新能力，推进创新型国家建设，有着重要而深远的影响。基础科学和前

沿技术研究得到加强，取得高性能计算机、第三代移动通信、超级杂交水稻等一批重大创新成果，形成了

一批具有自主知识产权和市场竞争力的产品。五年中央财政用于科技的投入达到3406亿元。全社会研究

与实验发展经费，从2002年1288亿元增加到2007年的3664亿元，占国内生产总值比重从1.07%提高到

1.49%。以企业为主体的技术创新体系建设取得重要进展。科技创新支撑和引领经济社会发展的能力明

显增强。

We formulated the Outline of the National Program for Long- and Medium-Term Scientific and

T e c h n o l o g i c a l D e v e l o p m e n t , w h i c h c oc n
omt api nr e
s h e n s i vpel a n s f o r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f s c i e n c e

and technology in China from 2006 through 2020 and calls for the launching of a number of major

projects. This will have an important and far-reaching impact on efforts to str

capacity for independent innovation and make it an innovative country. Work in basic research and

research i l n eading-edge
t w i echnologies
an o m i as sntensified;
a h

performance computers, third generation mobile communications, and

achieved; and a number of products that are competitive and carry Chinese intellectual prop

rights were developed. The central government spent 340.6 billion yuan on science and technology

over the past five years. China's total investment in research, experimentation and develo

rose from the 128.8 billion yuan of 2002 to 366.4 billion yuan in 2007, with its share in the GDP

rising from 1.07% to 1.49%. Major progress was made in developing a system for technolog

i n n o v a t i o n i n w h i c h e n t e r p r i s e s Tp hl ae y c a pkaecyi t ry o ol ef . s c i e n t i f i c a n d t e c h n o

innovation to sustain and boost economic and social development was markedly increased.

我们制定和实施一系列产业政策和专项规划，促进产业结构优化升级。信息、生物、航空航天、新能

源、新材料、海洋等高新技术产业加快发展。振兴装备制造业成效显著。旅游、金融、物流等现代服务业

蓬勃发展。基础设施基础产业建设取得长足进展，一批重大工程相继建成或顺利推进。青藏铁路提前一

年建成通车，三峡工程防洪、发电、航运等综合效益全面发挥，西电东送、西气东输全面投产，南水北调

工程进展顺利，溪洛渡水电站、红沿河核电站、京沪高速铁路和千万吨级炼油厂、百万吨级乙烯等一批重

大项目陆续开工建设，普光气田、南堡油田等勘查开发取得重大进展。五年新增电力装机3.5亿千瓦，是

1950年到2002年53年的总和；新增公路19.2万公里，其中高速公路2.8万公里；新增铁路营运里程6100公

里；建成万吨级以上泊位568个；新增电信用户4.94亿户。这些有效改善了能源交通通信状况，增强了经济

社会发展后劲。

We formulated and implemented a series of industrial policies and special plans designed to

improve a u nd t i pgrade s he
D ndustrialo n a htructure.
t i evelopment
i

i n f o r m a t i o n , ba ieor loosgp,ya, nc e w e n e r g y s o u r c e s , n e w m a t e r i a l s a n d o c e a n

accelerated. Efforts to boost the equipment manufacturing industry produced significa

D e v e l o p m e n t o f m o d e r n s e r v i c e i n d u s t r i e s s u c h a s t o u r i s m ,

accelerated. Great progress was made in the development of infrastructure and basic indu

marked b t c y he o o ompletion
s p o a nf r o mooth
m p Trogress
Q n umb

R a i l w a y w a s o p e n e d t o t r a f f i c a y e a r a h e a d o f t i m e ; t he T hr e e G o r g e s P r o j e c t i s fu l l y p l a y i n g
designed role in flood prevention, power generation and shipping;
the projects to send electricity

a n d g a s f r o m C h i n a ' s w e s t e r n r e g i o n t o t h e e a satreer nf url el yg ioopne r a t i ot nhael ;p r o j e c t t o

divert water from southern China to northern China

is progressing smoothly; and construction has

b e e n s t a r t e d o n a n um b e r o f m a jo r p r o je c t s s uc h a s t h e X i l uo d u H y d r o e l e c t r i c P l a nt , H o n g y a n

Nuclear P P ower
B lant, h eijing-Shanghai
r at m c igh-speed
o r a ailway,

a m i l l i o n - t o n c aept a
h cy il teynp el a n t . M a j o r p r o g r e s s h a s b e e n m a d e i n t h e p r o s p e

development of the Puguang Gas Field and the Nanpu Oilfield. Newly added powe

capacity over the five years totaled 350 million kW, equivalent to all the capacity added between

1950 a 2 nd A t 002.
o 1 k otal o fh 92,000
w b i ilometers2 k f oighways

expressways. A t o 6 k otal o fn r,100 l ilometers

w i o Af a ew 5 ailway in

b e r t h s t h a t c a n h a n d l e s h i p s l a r g e r t h a n 1 0 , 0 0 0 t o n s w e

telecommunications users was increased by 494 million. All of the above mea

i m p r o v e d t h e c a p a c i t y o f t h e e n e r g y , t r a n s p o r t a

strengthened the basis for further economic and social development.

我们高度重视资源节约和环境保护。“十一五”规划纲要把节能和减排作为约束性目标。近两年，又

提出并实施节能减排综合性工作方案，建立节能减排指标体系、监测体系、考核体系和目标责任制，颁布

了应对气候变化国家方案。依法淘汰一大批落后生产能力，关停小火电2157万千瓦、小煤矿1.12万处，淘

汰落后炼铁产能4659万吨、炼钢产能3747万吨、水泥产能8700万吨。启动十大重点节能工程。燃煤电厂

脱硫工程取得突破性进展。中央政府投资支持重点流域水污染防治项目691个。继续推进天然林保护、京

津风沙源治理等生态建设，五年累计退耕还林、植树造林3191万公顷，退牧还草3460万公顷。加强土地

和水资源保护，五年整理复垦开发补充耕地152.6万公顷。经过各方面努力，节能减排取得积极进展，

2007年单位国内生产总值能耗比上年下降3.27%，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放总量近年来首次出现双下

降，比上年分别下降3.14％和4.66％。节约资源和保护环境从认识到实践都发生了重要转变。

W e g a v e h i g h p r i o r i t y t o c o n s e r v i n g r e s o u r c
Obligatory t f sargets e a or r avinge nergy
w s i t ndO educing
o t E missions

Five-Year P f N lan E or aational

S D conomic
I t l t ndy aocial
g w evelopment.

plan for saving energy and reducing emissions was introduced; a system of targets for this work, a

monitoring system, a system for assessing work performance and a system of accountabil

reaching the targets were put in place; and a state plan to add

promulgated. A large number of backward production facilities were shut down in accordance with

the law. They include small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 21.57 million kW, 11,200

small coal mines, backward iron smelting facilities with a total capacity of 4

backward steel plants with a total capacity of 37.47 million tons and cement plants with

c a p a c i t y o f 8 7 m i l l i o n t o n s . T e n m a j

B r e a k t h r o u gw
h se r e m a d e i n c a r r y i n g o u t d e s u l f u r i z i n g p r o j e c t s f o r c o a l - f i r e d p o w e r p l a n t s

central government provided financial support for 691 projects to prev

pollution i m rn v ajor W iver

c o
alleys.
ecological c onservationp
ork ontinueds a rojects
t nt uch

protect n f atural a c orests

t f cnd s ontrol i Bhe a actors
T D ausing
t ands

five-year period, the area of farmland retired for forestation and other lands planted

amounted to 31.91 million hectares, and grazing land returned to natural grasslands totaled 34.6

million hectares. Protection of land and water resources was strengthened, with a total of 1

million h ectares
o f b fu armland
r o eing
n d pgraded,
o t l f eclaimed
y r

Thanks to the strong efforts of the whole country, encouraging progress was made in conserving

energy and reducing emissions. In 2007 there was a 3.27% year

consumption per unit of GDP, and for the first time in recent years there was a reduction in both

chemical o d xygen a t t emand

e o s nd dioxide,
he w ith
otal
t f hemission
d ormer
3 a f own
ulfur .

the latter down 4.66% from the previous People

year. became more aware of the importance of

conserving resources and protecting the environment and made greater efforts in this area.
 我们实施区域发展总体战略。西部大开发继续推进，五年中央财政支持重点建设投资2800多亿元，

基础设施和生态环境建设取得明显进展，重点地区和特色优势产业加快发展。制定和实施振兴东北地区

等老工业基地战略，大型粮食基地建设不断加强，国有企业改革改组改造取得突破性进展，重大技术装

备国产化成效显著，资源型城市经济转型试点进展顺利，老工业基地焕发出新的生机和活力。制定和实

施促进中部地区崛起政策措施，粮食主产区现代农业建设步伐加快，重要能源原材料工业、装备制造业

和综合交通运输体系进一步发展。东部地区继续率先发展，经济实力和整体素质显著提升。经济特区、上

海浦东新区、天津滨海新区开发开放加快推进。这些重大举措，促进了区域经济合理布局和协调发展。

We f ollowed
am s faster
r d trategy C or p egional w m evelopment.
i t

large-scale development of the western region, with central government financial support for ke

projects totaling ov er 280 billion yuan ov er t he last fiv e yea rs. Substant ial progress was made

i n f r a s t r u c t u r e d e v e l o p m e n t a n d e c o l o g i c a l a n d e n

development o k a a f i ey wreasl a nd ndustries

w a W ith
f ocala dvantages

i m p l e m e n t e d t h e s t rr ea jtue vgey n aottfhi n

e go l d i n d u s t r i a l b a s e s s u c h a s n o r t h e a

increased efforts to develop large grain production bases, made breakt

reorganizing and upgrading SOEs, made major progress in using d

equipment in place of imports, and made smooth headway in the trial to transform the economies

of c ities
d ependent
o r e n T esource
o i b xploitation.
a n s n he
s o ld ndustri

vitality. We formulated and implemented policies and measures to promote developm

central region and made accelerated progress in developing modern agriculture in m

producing areas. Major energy and raw material industries, the equipment manufacturing industry

and t ohe t verall s ransportation

w f d ystem
T e r ere c urther
t l eveloped.

in development, with significant gains in economic strength and overall improvement. The process

of developing and opening up the special economic zones, the Shanghai Pudong New Area and the

Tianjin B N inhai
A w aew rea
T m as m ccelerated.
p ab dhese a ajor ea
more balanced development of regional economies.

汉英对照标注版2008年《政府工作报告》（三）
发布日期：2008-03-21   点击：

（二）大力推进改革开放，注重制度建设和创新
2 . W o r k i n g h a r d o n r e f o r m a
c o
n n
d c oe pn et rn ai n
t iignn sgut piot, nu t i o n a l
development and innovation.

全面深化农村改革。以乡镇机构、农村义务教育和县乡财政管理体制改革为主要内容的农村综合改
革，取得阶段性重要成果。放开粮食收购市场，实现了粮食购销市场化。集体林权制度改革进行了成功探
索。供销合作社、国有农场等改革进展顺利。

Rural r eforms
w d ere
a t eepened
b M p cross
w m i het c oard. s ajor
of the overall rural reform, mainly consisting of reform of town and township government bodies,
reform o t r f compulsory
he ural
e ducations a rystem o t f nd s eform
a t c f a he iscal
township levels. Government control of grain purchasing was lifted, and the purchase and sale of
grain a n rem ow
b S arket t ased.
w c ouccessful
i r t s rials o c ere arried
forest rights. Smooth progress was made in the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and
state-owned farms.

坚持完善基本经济制度。巩固和发展公有制经济，推进国有资产管理体制改革和国有经济布局与结
构调整，建立和完善国有资产出资人制度。加快国有企业股份制改革，一批具有国际竞争力的大公司大
企业集团发展壮大。邮政体制改革顺利进行，电力、电信、民航、铁路等行业改革取得积极进展。2006
年，全国国有企业资产总额比2002年增长60.98%，实现利润增长2.23倍，税收增长1.05倍。国有经济活
力、控制力和影响力明显增强。制定和实施一系列政策措施，进一步营造公平竞争的法制环境和市场环
境，鼓励、支持和引导个体私营等非公有制经济发展。非公有制经济在促进经济增长、扩大就业、增加税
收和活跃市场等方面，发挥着越来越大的作用。

Continued progress was made in improving the basic economic system. We consolidated and
developedthe public sector of the economy
, made progress in reform of the management system
for state-owned assets and adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector of the
economy, a s u and i et a sp nd
f i mproved
o s a W ystem
a t or r nvestors
to institute stockholding
a system in SOEs, and a number of large companies and conglomerates
w i t h t h e a b i l i t y t o c o m p e t e i nw
t eerrne a ft o
i or nmael dl y. R e f o r m o f t h e p o s t a l s e r v i c e s
p r o c e e d e d s m o o t h l y , a n d e n c o u r a g i n g p r o g r e
telecommunications, civil aviation and railway industries. The total value of assets of Chinese SOEs
i n 2 0 0 6 gr ew b y 6 0 .9 8% c om pa re d to 2 0 0 2 , t he ir to ta l pr of i ts inc r ea se d by 22 3 %, and t he ir t
c o nt r i b u t i o ns g r e w b y 1 0 5 % . T he v i t a l i t y o f t h e s t a t e s e c t o r a n d i t s i m p a c t a n d i nf l ue nc e o n
economy as a whole were greatly enhanced. We formulated and implemented a series of policies
a n d m e a s u r e s t o f o s t e r a l e g a l f r a m ec wo on rd ku tcaoi nv d
fe a imr a r k
competition, a nde ncouraged,
s a g upported
t d o nd
t n uided s w
he evelopme
includes individual-proprietorship businesses and private enterprises. As a res
sector of the econp
o lma yy i insg a n i n c r e a s i n g l y bi ing gs e
t irm ruol laet i n g e c o n o m i c g r o w t h
creating jobs, increasing tax revenue, and invigorating the market.

大力推进金融、财税体制改革。针对国有商业银行经营管理不善、金融风险加剧的状况，我们果断
地推进了改革。中国工商银行、中国银行、中国建设银行和交通银行完成股份制改造并成功上市，资产质
量和盈利能力明显提高，银行业发生了重大变化。坚定地进行上市公司股权分置改革，解决了这个长期
困扰证券市场发展的制度性问题。重点国有保险企业重组改制上市，促进了保险业迅速发展。利率市场
化改革迈出实质性步伐。实施人民币汇率形成机制改革，汇率弹性逐步增强。外汇管理体制改革全面推
进。财税体制改革进一步深化，财政转移支付制度和公共财政制度逐步完善。2003年到2007年，中央财
政对地方的转移支付累计4.25万亿元，87%用于支持中西部地区。在部分企业试行国有资本经营预算制
度。启动和扩大增值税转型改革试点。统一内外资企业所得税制度。建立国家统一的职务与级别相结合
的公务员工资制度，初步规范了津贴补贴制度。投资体制改革和价格改革取得新进展。

We vigorously promoted reform of the banking, fiscal and taxation systems. We r

carried out reform addressing the poor performance and greater financial risks
c o m m e r c i a l b a nTkhs e
. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the Bank of China, the C
Construction Bank and the Bank of Communications
were turned into stockholding companies and
listed on stock markets
. This brought about significant improvement in the quality of their assets
and profitability as well as major changes in the banking industry. We resolutely carried out reform
of t he
s hareholder
s i l c tructure a r n t isted
l ompanies
i p nd esolved
that hindered the development of the securities market. Key state-owned insurance
r e o r g a n i z e d a n d w e n t p u b l i c , p r o m o t i n g r a p i d d e
Substantive p rogressw m i asm ade
i r n m aking
m nterest
W r ates
t R ore
exchange rate regime to gradually make the exchange rate more flexible. Comprehensive progress
was m iade
r o nt seform f m f hef ystem
e R or o tanaging
f a t oreign
systems w d as a eepened,
t s o t ndp he a tystem
s o pf ransfer
f w ayments
steadily improved. The central government turned over 4.25 trillion yuan in transfer payments
local g overnments
f 2 t 2 rom
w 8 o003
i a o t t007,c a ithw 7%
r Af t lloca
budget system for managing state capital was introduced in some enterprises on a trial basis. We
launched and expanded trials to reform the value-added tax. The income tax systems for domestic
and overseas-funded enterprises were unified. A unified state civil servant salary system based on
both position and rank was set up, and the system of subsidies and allowances
standardized. Further progress was made in reform of the investment system and pricing system.

加强市场体系建设。生产要素市场化程度稳步提高。商品流通现代化步伐加快。土地和矿产资源市
场秩序、产品质量和食品药品安全等专项整治取得明显成效，保护知识产权力度加大，严厉打击了制假
售假、非法传销、商业欺诈、盗版侵权等违法犯罪活动。

Work to develop the market system was intensified. Market forces played an
i m p o r t a n t r o l e i n t r a d e i n t h e f a c t o r s o f p r o d u c t i o n
distribution w asa ccelerated.
S a ignificant
w m i t chievements
e t r o i t ere ad
markets for land and mineral resources and improve the quality of products and the safety of food
and drugs. Protection of intellectual property rights was strengthened, and we severe
d o w n vo ino l a t oi fo nt sh e l a w s u c h a s t h e p r o d u c t i o n a n d s a l e
pyramid schemes, commercial fraud, piracy and infringement on others' rights.

坚持扩大对外开放。我们认真履行加入世界贸易组织各项承诺，积极做好过渡期各项工作。深化涉
外经济体制改革，促进贸易投资便利化。放开外贸经营权，大幅度降低关税，取消进口配额、许可证等非
关税措施，金融、商业、电信等服务业开放不断扩大。进出口商品结构逐步优化。利用外资质量进一步提
高。实施“走出去”战略迈出坚实步伐，对外经济互利合作取得明显成效。

We continued to open China wider to the outside world. We

honored all the commitments we
made when we entered the World Trade Organization
and made all the required adjustments for
the transition period. We deepened reform of the externally oriented economic system to facilitate
trade and investment. We lifted controls over access to foreign trade, grea
rescinded non-tariff measures such as import quotas and permits, and opened banking, commerce,
telecommunications and other service sectors wider. There was gradual improvement in the mix of
i m p o r t s a n d e x p o r t s . T h e r e w a s f u r t h e r i m purtoi lvi ez m
a teo
in
of n
t f ionr etihgen c a p i t a l . T h e
"go global" strategy
was resolutely implemented and significant results were obtained in mutually
beneficial economic cooperation with other countries.

汉英对照标注版2008年《政府工作报告》（四）
 发布日期：2008-03-21   点击：

（三）全面加强社会建设，切实保障和改善民生
    3. S trengthening
a a o s ll d spects e f t ocial
w oevelopment,
t
people and improving their lives.

我们坚持统筹经济社会发展，加快教育、卫生、文化、体育等社会事业发展和改革，积极解决涉及人
民群众切身利益的问题。

We steadfastlycarried out overall planning for

economic and social development, accelerated
the d evelopment
a r o s ndp eform
i e f h ocial c arograms
s a w n ducation,
hard to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.

在教育方面。全国财政用于教育支出五年累计2.43万亿元，比前五年增长1.26倍。农村义务教育已
全面纳入财政保障范围，对全国农村义务教育阶段学生全部免除学杂费、全部免费提供教科书，对家庭
经济困难寄宿生提供生活补助，使1.5亿学生和780万名家庭经济困难寄宿生受益。西部地区基本普及九
年义务教育、基本扫除青壮年文盲攻坚计划如期完成。国家安排专项资金支持2.2万多所农村中小学改造
危房、建设7000多所寄宿制学校，远程教育已覆盖36万所农村中小学，更多的农村学生享受到优质教育
资源。更加重视职业教育发展，2007年中、高等职业教育在校生分别达到2000万人和861万人。普通高等
教育本科生和研究生规模达到1144万人。高校重点学科建设继续加强。建立健全普通本科高校、高等和
中等职业学校国家奖学金助学金制度，中央财政此项支出从2006年20.5亿元增加到去年的98亿元，高校
资助面超过20%，中等职业学校资助面超过90%，资助标准大幅度提高。2007年开始在教育部直属师范
大学实施师范生免费教育试点。我们在实现教育公平上迈出了重大步伐。

Education. P ublicexpenditures o ne ducation

i C r n 2 hina
t y eached
o t f .43 rill
y e a r p e r i o d , a 1 2 6 % i n c r e a s e c o m p a r e d t o t h e p rFeuvni do iunsg f fi vo er - ryue raar l p e
compulsory education is now fully provided by the government budget. All the 150 million students
receiving compulsory education in rural areas are exempt from paying tuition and miscella
fees and are supplied with free textbooks, and living allowances are provided to the 7.8
s t u de n t s f r om p oo r f a mi li e s w h o s t ay i n s c h oo l d or mi t o r i e s .
c o m p u l s oer dy u c a t i o n b a s i c a l l y u n i v e r s a l a n de lt iom b
i naasitilecl iatlel yr aac m
y ong young and
middle-aged a i t wdults r n w he
implemented
esterno ns chedule.
egion
T s a as he s tate llocat
f u n d s t o s u p p o r t rtehneo v a t i oonf d i l a p i d a t e d b u i l d i n g s a t m o r e t h a n 2 2 , 0 0 0 r u r a l p r i m a r y a
secondary schools and the building of more than 7,000 schools with student dormitory faci
Distance e ducation
n c 3 row p overs
a m 60,000
s m ural
q e rimary nd
available to more rural students. Greater efforts were made to develop vocational education, with
the student population reaching 20 million at secondary vocational schools and 8
vocational colleges in 2007. A total of 11.44 million students were enrolled in undergraduate an
graduate p i rograms
r i n o hegularl nstitutions
M e w p i fd igher k earning.
disciplines in institutions of higher learning. A system of government scholarships and financial aid
t o s t u d e n t s i n r eugnudl ae rr g r a d uiantset i t u t i o n s , v o c a t i o n a l c o l l e g e s a n d s e c o n d a r y v o c
schools was instituted and improved, and its funding from the central government
increased from 2.05 billion yuan in 2006 to 9.8 billion yuan in 2007. This enabled over 20% of the
students in institutions of higher learning and more than 90% of the stu
vocationalschools to benefit from financial aid and allowed schools to greatly raise the amount of
aid offered. An experiment to provide free education to education students at normal universities
directly under the Ministry of Education was launched in 2007. Major pro
providing equitable education opportunities for all.

深入实施人才强国战略，大力培养、积极引进和合理使用各类人才，高层次、高技能人才队伍不断
壮大。

The s trategy
o reinvigorating
f C hinat hrough
d o hevelopment
r w ase f xtensively
uman
applied. Great efforts were made to train Chinese personnel, bring in needed personnel from other
countries and make wise use of skilled personnel of all types, thus strengthening
high-caliber, highly skilled personnel in China.

在卫生方面。全国财政用于医疗卫生支出五年累计6294亿元，比前五年增长1.27倍。重点加强公共
卫生、医疗服务和医疗保障体系建设，覆盖城乡、功能比较齐全的疾病预防控制和应急医疗救治体系基
本建成。国家规划免疫预防的疾病由7种扩大到15种，对艾滋病、结核病、血吸虫病等重大传染病患者实
施免费救治。国家安排资金改造和新建1.88万所乡镇卫生院、786所县医院、285所县中医院和534所县妇
幼保健院，为1.17万个乡镇卫生院配备了医疗设备，农村医疗卫生条件明显改善。全国建立了2.4万多个
社区卫生服务机构，新型城市医疗卫生服务体系进一步健全。人口和计划生育事业取得新进展，低生育
水平继续保持稳定。人民健康水平不断提高，婴儿死亡率和孕产妇死亡率明显下降，2005年人均期望寿
命达到73岁，对于我们这样一个有13亿人口的发展中国家是了不起的成就。

H e a l t h .T o t a l g o v e r n m e n t e x p e n d i t u r e s o n m e d i c a l a n d h e a l t h c a r e i n C h i n a o v e r t h e f i v
year p eriod
r 6 eached
b y a 129.4 i illion
c tuan,
t p f 27% p ncrease
The f unding
w m u as t d ainlyt p sed
h s o sevelop t m he s ublic
s ealth
and t mhe s edical s aecurity
b c ystem,t f nd o t asically
d p omplete
a
control system and emergency medical response system with a fairly compreh
functions, covering both urban and rural areas. The number of diseases covered by the state plan
f o ri m m u n i z a t a
i onnd d i s e a s e p r e v e n t i o n w a s i n c r e a s e d f r o m 7 t o 1 5 , a n d A I D S , t u b
schistosomiasis and other major communicable diseases are now treated free of charge. The state
allocated funds to renovate or build 18,800 town and township health clinics, 786 county hospitals,
2 8 5 co u nt y t ra d i t i o na l C h i ne se m e d i c i n e h o sp i t a l s a n d 5 3 4 c o u nt y h e a l t h c e n t e r s fo r w o m e n
children, and equip 11,700 town and township health clinics with medical equipment, significantly
improving conditions for providing medical and health care services in the countryside. More than
24,000 c ommunity
h c w s ealth
u i C linics
f i ere t net s p o nm hina, urth
and health care services in urban areas. Further progress was made in carrying out population and
f a m i l y p l a n n i n g p r o g r a mb si r, t ah nr adr te etmh ae i n e d s t a b l e a t a l o w l e v e l . P e o p l e ' s
continued to improve, infant and maternal mortality rates dropped significantly, and avera
expectancy reached 73 years in 2005. These are momentous achievements for China, a developing
country with a population of 1.3 billion.

在就业方面。坚持实施和完善积极的就业政策，从财税、金融等方面加大支持力度，中央财政安排
就业补助资金五年累计666亿元。城乡公共就业服务体系建设进一步加强。统筹做好就业再就业工作，全
面加强职业技能培训，平均每年城镇新增就业1000多万人、农村劳动力转移就业800万人。基本解决国有
企业下岗职工再就业问题，完成下岗职工基本生活保障向失业保险并轨。在劳动力总量增加较多、就业
压力很大的情况下，保持了就业形势的基本稳定。

E m p l o y m e nT th.e g o v e r n m e n t c o n t i n u e d t o f o l l o w a n d i m p r o v e t h e p o l i c y t h a
promotes e mployment
a t a fiscal, t axation
nd a of dopt
ndm inancial
t i e easures o
Expenditures for employment programs from the central government
subsidies totaled 66.6 billion yuan over the five-year period. Urban and rural systems for providing
public employment services were further strengthened. Effort
e m p l o y m e n t r ea en m
d p l o y mi ne nat w e l l - p l a n n e d w a y , a n d t r a i n i n g i n v o c a t i o n
comprehensively strengthened. As a result, more than ten million urban people got jobs and eight
million rural workers found work in nonagricultural sectors per year on average. The proble
finding o e ther o mployment f w l pportunities
o f S w b or s orkers
a t aid
work of incorporating basic cost of living allowances for laid-off workers into the unempl
i n s u r a n c e s y s t e m w a s c o m p l e t e d . T h e e m p l o y m e
despite a large increase in the total workforce and great pressure on employment.

在社会保障方面。全国财政用于社会保障支出五年累计1.95万亿元，比前五年增长1.41倍。城镇职
工基本养老保险制度不断完善，2007年参保人数突破2亿人，比2002年增加5400多万人；做实基本养老
保险个人账户试点扩大到11个省份；从2005年开始连续三年提高企业退休人员基本养老金标准。中央财
政五年累计补助养老保险专项资金3295亿元。2007年城镇职工基本医疗保险参保人数达到1.8亿人，比
2002年增加近1倍；88个城市启动城镇居民基本医疗保险试点；新型农村合作医疗制度不断完善，已扩大
到全国86%的县，参合农民达到7.3亿人。全国社会保障基金积累4140亿元，比2002年增加2898亿元。城
乡社会救助体系基本建立。城市居民最低生活保障制度不断完善，保障标准和补助水平逐步提高。2007
年在全国农村全面建立最低生活保障制度，3451.9万农村居民纳入保障范围。这是保障城乡困难群众基
本生活的一项根本性制度建设。社会福利、优抚安置、慈善和残疾人事业取得新进展。抗灾救灾工作全面
加强，中央财政五年支出551亿元，受灾群众生产生活得到妥善安排。

Social safety net. Governments at all levels spent a total of 1.95 trillion yuan on building up
the social safety net over the five-year period, a 141% increase compared to the previous five-year
period. C ontinued
i w m
mprovement
i t b o i as s ade f un whe asic ld-
with the number of participating workers exceeding 200 million in 2007, an increase of more than
54 m illion
c tompared
2 T t f of 002.
p a rials f bo o ully i und w ersonal
expanded to 11 province-level administrative units. Basic pensions for enterpr
raised t y hree i a r ears
b n
i 2 A
owt o eginning
3 b y wn a 005. f o otal f
insurance programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies over the last five
years. The number of urban workers participating in basic medical insurance reached 180 million in
2007, n tearly t n wicei 2 heT t umber
o b m n i 002. f u he r rial w f asic
l a u n c h e d i n 8 8 c i t i e s . C o n t i n u e d i m p r o v e m e n t w a s m
cooperativemedical care, which now covers 86% of all counties and 730 million rural residents in
China. Funds to support the national social safety net totaled 414 billion yuan, an increase of 289.8
billion yuan over 2002. Establishment of the urban and rural emergency aid system was basically
com pl e te d. T he sy s te m of ba si c c os t o f l iv i ng a l lo wa nc es f or urb a n re si de nt s w as i mp ro ve d , w
gradually rising standards and allowances. A system of basic cost
established in all rural areas of China in 2007, covering 34.519 million rural residents. The systems
provide a f undamental
i t a p nstitution
p i u a or assist t m oor
b l eople n
expenses. Further progress was made in developing social welfare, providing special assistance to
entitled groups and developing charity programs and programs to help people with physical
m e n t a l d i s a b i l i t i e s . E f f o r t s t o c o m b a t d i s a s t e r s a n d
strengthened, with total expenditures from the central government budget reaching 5
yuan for the five-year period. This helped
restore normal working and living conditions for disaster
victims.

在文化和体育方面。全国财政用于文化体育事业支出五年累计3104亿元，比前五年增长1.3倍。县乡
两级公共文化服务体系初步形成，基本实现了县县有图书馆、文化馆。全国文化信息资源共享工程、广播
电视村村通工程等基层文化设施建设扎实推进。哲学社会科学和新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术进一步
繁荣。文物和非物质文化遗产保护得到加强。对外文化交流更加活跃。城乡公共体育设施建设加快，群众
性体育蓬勃发展，体育健儿在国际大赛中取得优异成绩。

Culture a s nd G overnmente
ports. f xpenditures
c a s p or t ulture3 nd p
billion yuan for the five-year period, a 130% increase over the previous five-year period. The basic
elements of a public cultural services system at the county and township levels were put in place,
and basically every county now has a library and cultural center. Substantive progress was made in
setting up local cultural facilities such as the projects to set up a national shared
cultural information and resources and extend radio and televisio
Philosophy, the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature an
art thrived. Protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage was strengthened. Cultural
exchanges w o c ith wtheri ountries
D o ere
p s ntensified.
f i u a evelopment
rural areas was accelerated, mass sports activities developed vigorously, an
did well in international competitions.

在居民收入和消费方面。努力增加城乡居民特别是低收入居民收入。调高最低工资标准；基本解决
拖欠农民工工资问题；四次提高重点优抚对象的抚恤补助标准，统筹解决退役军人实际困难。降低居民储
蓄存款利息税率，提高个人所得税起征点。家庭财产普遍增多。居民消费结构升级加快，家用汽车大幅度
增加，移动电话、计算机、互联网快速普及，旅游人数成倍增长。住房条件进一步改善，棚户区改造取得
积极进展。城乡居民享有的公共服务明显增多。

P e r s o n a l i n c o m e a n d c o n s u m e r sV
p iegnodr oi nu g
s .e f f o r t s w e r e m a d e t o i n c r e a s e t h e
incomes of urban and rural residents, especially low
T -hien cmo imn ei mpuemr s w
o na sg.e w a s
increased. The problem of arrears in the wages of rural migrant workers in u
basically resolved. The standards for financial aid to key entitled groups were increased four times,
a nd p l a n s w e r e i m p l e m e nt e d t o r e s o l v e t he p r a c t i c a l p r o b l e m s o f d e m o b i l i ze d m i l i t a r y p e r s o n
The tax on interest earnings from individual savings deposits was lower
threshold for the individual income tax was raised. There was a general increase in family assets.
Upgrading of consumer spending proceeded at a faster pace, and there was a great increase in the
number of family-owned cars and rapid spread in the use of cell phones, computers and Internet
s e r v i c e s . T h e n u m b e r o f p e o p l e g
There w f as i urther i h mprovement
c e n p ousingw m onditions,
i i nco
conditions in shantytowns, and much more public services were made available to urban and rural
residents.

在社会管理方面。着力维护人民群众合法权益，积极化解社会矛盾。制定并实施保障农民工合法权
益的政策措施。努力解决土地征收征用、房屋拆迁、企业改制、环境保护等方面损害群众利益的问题。信
访工作不断加强。高度重视安全生产工作，健全安全监管体制，落实安全生产责任制，加强安全生产法制
建设。社会治安防控体系更加健全，综合治理工作进一步加强。依法打击各类犯罪活动，有效维护了国家
安全和社会稳定。

    Public administration.

Work in this area was concentrated on protecting the legitimate
rights and interests of the people and resolving soc ial tensions. We f orm ulate d a nd implem ent
policies and measures for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of rural migrant workers in
urban areas. We devoted a great deal of effort to resolving infringements on the interests of the
public related to land expropriation and requisition, housing demolition, enterprises converting to a
stockholding system and environmental protection. Improvement was made in t
complaints m b i ade t y l ndividuals
a v W p hrough
v c a etters t i nd isits.
workplace safety and the safety oversight system, instituted a responsibility system for workplace
safety a i nd r mproved
l T elated
p s egislation.
s f c p he a ublic
c ecurity
was further strengthened, and overall crime control work was intensified. We combated cr
activities in accordance with the law, effectively protected China's security and maintained law and
order.

在经济快速发展和财力明显增加的情况下，用很大力量解决了一些长期遗留的历史问题。剥离和处
置国有商业银行不良资产，置换农村信用社不良贷款和历年亏损挂账，化解国有企业历史债务，逐步解
决国有粮食企业政策性亏损挂账，还清出口退税欠款，完善大中型水库征地补偿和移民后期扶持政策
等。这些问题的解决对于经济社会发展起到了重要作用。

Tak ing advantage of the rapid dev elopment of the economy and signif icant improveme nt o
public finance, we worked hard to resolve some longstanding problems. We sold off nonperforming
assets of state-owned commercial banks, made alternate arrangements for nonperformin
and l ong-term
n a on-paying
o r c c ccounts e t fl ural d redit
o S ooperatives,
gradually eased policy-related losses of state-owned grain enterprises, clear
rebates for exports, and improved the policy for paying compensation for requisition of l
large and medium-sized reservoirs and assisting people displaced by reservoir projects. Resolution
of these problems played an important role in promoting economic and social development.

五年来，我们在民主法制建设、国防和军队建设、港澳台工作和外交等方面，也取得了重要进展。

We made major progress over the past five years in enhancing democracy an
system, b nuilding d aational
t m defense
o w r nd t Hhe K ilitary,
M a oing
Taiwan, and conducting diplomacy.

稳步推进社会主义民主法制建设。各级政府自觉接受同级人民代表大会及其常委会的监督，主动接
受人民政协的民主监督，认真听取民主党派、工商联、无党派人士、人民团体意见，通过多种形式征求专
家学者和人民群众的建议，接受新闻媒体和社会各界的监督。实行重大事项决策公示和听证制度。加强
城乡基层自治组织建设，基层民主管理制度进一步健全。五年国务院共向全国人大常委会提交39件法律
议案，制定、修订137件行政法规。探索建立公众有序参与政府立法的机制和制度，有15部法律草案和行
政法规草案向社会公开征求意见。全面清理了现行行政法规和规章。贯彻民族区域自治法，推进民族团
结进步事业。全面落实宗教信仰自由政策，宗教事务管理走向法制化、规范化。全面落实侨务政策，依法
保护海外侨胞和归侨侨眷的合法权益。

We made steady progress in improving socialist democracy and the socialist leg
Governments at all levels conscie ntiously acc epted the oversight of the people's congress and
standing committee at the corresponding level; voluntarily accepted the democratic overs
CPPCC c ommittees;
c l t t arefully
v o t d istened p of he oiews
i f he
and c ommerce,
p w persons
a a ithout
p o arty s ffiliation
s ond eople's
experts, sc hola rs and the ge neral public in a v ariety of f orms; a nd acc epted the ove rsight of t
media and all sectors of society. Governments at all levels made public announcements and hel
public hearings before making major decisions. We stepped up efforts to develop a
urban community and village administrative bodies and further improved the democratic system at
the local level. During the past five years the State Council submitted 39 bills to t
Committee of the National People's Congress and formulated or
regulations. W e we t xplored
s u m ays
a s o f eto pp echanisms
p i nd
government l a egislation
p 1 d l nd a dublished
o a 5 r raft t aws
s nd r
comm ents f rom the public. We c arried out a thorough re view of c urrent administrativ e rule s an
regulations. W a t et L dhered
o R E o Ahe awa c n f egionalt p thnic u
to promote unity and progress among ethnic groups. The policy on freedom of religious belief was
comprehensively implemented, and the administration of religious affairs was put on a more solid
legal footing and further standardized. We comprehensively implemented the policy
related to overseas Chinese nationals and protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas
Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese nationals and their relatives.

全面加强军队现代化建设。积极推进中国特色军事变革。调整改革军队体制编制和政策制度，裁减
军队员额20万任务顺利完成。国防和军队建设取得历史性成就。人民解放军和人民武装警察部队为维护
国家主权、安全、领土完整和促进社会和谐稳定作出了重大贡献。

    We stepped up all efforts to modernize the military. We vigorously pressed ahead with the
revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics. We adjusted and reformed the military'
structure and staffing and its related policies and systems and smoothly cut its size by 2
personnel. We made historic achievements in strengthening national defense and the military. The
People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police Force made
safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and to promoting social harmony
and stability.

坚持“一国两制”方针，严格按照香港特别行政区基本法和澳门特别行政区基本法办事。实施内地与
香港、澳门更紧密经贸关系安排。香港、澳门保持繁荣稳定。

We a dhered
t t p o o "he c rinciple
t s fa one
a i s ountry,
a wwo ystems"
the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Basic Law of the M
S p e c i a l A d m i n i s t r a t i v e R iemg pi ol en m
. eWn et e
hde Closer Economic Partnership Arrange
between the mainland and the regions of Hong Kong and. Both
Macaoregions remained thriving
and stable.

坚决反对和遏制“台独”分裂活动，捍卫国家主权与领土完整，维护台海和平。实施一系列有利于人
员往来和经济科技教育文化体育交流的措施，促进了两岸关系和平稳定发展。

We resolutely opposed and foiled secessionist activities aimed at

thereby p rotecting
C s ahina's
territorial i ntegritya
overeignty s nd nd
p afeguarding
i t T eace
Straits. We carried out a number of measures to make it easier for people to visit between the two
sides and for economic, scientific, educational, cultural and sports exchanges to take place in order
to promote the peaceful and steady development of cross-Straits relations.

积极开展对外交往与合作，全方位外交取得重大进展，坚定地维护和发展了国家利益。我国同主要
大国加强了对话，增进了信任，扩大了合作。中美关系稳定发展，中俄战略协作伙伴关系提高到新水平，
中欧全面合作日益深化，中日关系得到改善，同周边国家睦邻友好关系进一步加强，区域合作取得新成
果，同发展中国家的团结合作开创了新局面。成功举办一系列重大多边外交活动。妥善应对国际上各种
新挑战，积极负责地参与解决全球性问题，在解决国际和地区热点问题上发挥着重要的建设性作用。

We a ctively
p e romoted
a c xchange
w o c nd m ooperation
m p i ith
c o n d u c t i ndgi p l o m a c y o n a l l f r, oannt ds r e s o l u t e l y s a f e g u a r d e d a n d d e v e l o p e d C h i n a ' s i n t e r e s
China stepped up dialogue with the major countries and increased trust and expanded cooperation
with them. China-U.S. relations developed steadily, the China-Russi
coordination reached a new height, China-Europe cooperation in all areas went from streng
strength, a C nd r hina-Japan
i G elations r mproved.
w s c ood-neighborly
were furtherstrengthened
, further achievements were made in regional cooperation, and China's
s o l i d a r i tayn d c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h o t h e r d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s e n t e r e d a n e w s t a g e . W e s u c c e s s f
carried out a series of major multilateral diplomatic activities. We appropriately responded to new
challenges in the international arena, actively and responsibly participated in e
global issues, and played an important and constructive role in the resolution of issues concerning
international and regional hotspots.

五年来，我们始终重视政府自身改革和建设。本届政府把实行科学民主决策、推进依法行政、加强
行政监督作为政府工作的三项基本准则。制定全面推进依法行政实施纲要，推动政府职能转变和管理创
新，强化社会管理和公共服务。认真贯彻实施行政许可法，推进行政审批制度改革，国务院各部门取消和
调整行政审批项目692项。推进政务公开，完善新闻发布制度，加强电子政务建设。全国应急管理体系基
本建立。监察、审计等专门监督工作卓有成效。公务员教育培训和管理法制化建设进一步加强。坚持不懈
地开展反腐败斗争和加强政风建设，治理商业贿赂工作取得良好成效，依法查处违法违规案件和失职渎
职行为，惩处腐败分子。

We paid close attention to self-reform and self-improvement of the government duri

f i v e - y e a r p e r i o d . T h i s g o v e r n m e n t t o o k s c i e n t i f i c a n d d e m
administration and better administrative oversight as the three basic principles for its
formulated t P he
f A rogramA A or
o G dvancingA ll i A spects w f overnm
t h e L a w a n d p r o m o t e d c h a n g e i n t h e w a y t h e i ngnoov vear tni inm
o ne sn t f u
management, t i hereby
p a mprovinga p s ublic W d dministration
c o nd
t he A d m i ni s t r a t i v e P e r m i t L a w a nd p r o m o t e d r e f o r m o f t h e s y s t e m o f a d m i ni s t r a t i v e e x a m i n a
and a pproval.
A ar d s esult,
o t S C epartments
e o s f he
at otate
6 ouncil
items requiring examination and approval. We promoted greater openness in government affairs
improved the system for releasing information, and increased the application of e
Establishment of a national emergency response management system was basicall
O v e r s i g hwt o r k s u c h as su p e r v i s i oa n d a u d i t i n g w a s q u i t e e f f e c t i v e . F u r t h e r i m p r o v e m e n t w
made in education and training of civil servants and in developing
legislative
a framework for civil-
service a dministration.
W w u te c orked
c a nceasingly
i t c oo t ombat
government, made good progress in combating bribery in business, un
violations of laws and regulations and cases of neglect and dereliction of du
corrupt persons.

政府工作报告热词——国企篇

2008-04-01 10:58

  From:china daily    Article type:Reproduced

国有企业 state owned enterprises (SOEs)

主要产业 core business

税收贡献 tax contributions

民航 civil aviation

所有制结构 ownership structure

发展大型粮食基地 to develop large grain production bases

国有资产所有权转移 transferring ownership of state-owned

assets

完善所有制结构 to improve ownership structure

实行政策性关闭破产 to carry out policy-mandated closures and

bankruptcies

建立国有资本经营预算制度 to set up a budget system for managing state

capital

国有企业资产总额 the total value of assets of state owned enterprises (SOEs)

国有资产管理体制改革 reform of the management system for state-owned

assets

国有经济布局与结构调整 adjustment of the distribution and structure of the

state sector

建立和完善国有资产出资人制度 to set up and improved a system for investors

of state assets

引入国有企业股份制 to institute a stockholding system in SOEs

邮政体制改革 reform of the postal service system

振兴老工业基地战略 strategy of rejuvenating the old industrial

bases

国有企业改革改组改造 reforming, reorganizing and upgrading

SOEs

深化国有企业股份制改革 to deepen the reform to convert SOEs into

stockholding corporations

加强公司化管理 to improve corporate governance

实行政策引导关闭和破产 to carry out policy-mandated closures and

bankruptcies

加快资源枯竭型城市经济转型 to transform the economies of cities dependent

on resource exploitation

扩大建立国有资产管理预算系统试点 to expand the experiment of setting up a

budget system for managing state capital

引入竞争，加强政府管理和公共监督，深化垄断企业改革 to deepen the reform

of monopoly industries by introducing competition and strengthening
government regulation and public supervision

严格国有资产转化为股份制企业的标准程序 to strictly standardize procedures

for transforming SOEs into stock companies

资源型城市经济转型试点 to transform the economies of cities dependent on

resource exploitation

严格规范国有企业改制和国有产权转让，防止国有资产流失to strictly
standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies and for
transferring ownership of state-owned assets to prevent their
erosion
主辅分离，辅业改制 to separate SOE's secondary businesses from their core
businesses and covert the former into independent companies

政府工作报告热词——就业篇

2008-03-26 17:06

  From:china daily    Article type:Reproduced

严厉打击非法用工 to severely punish illegal employment

加强劳动争议处理 to improve the handling of labor disputes

加强劳动保障监察 to improve oversight for worker protection

measures

就业促进法Employment Promotion Law

劳动合同法Labor Contract Law

城镇登记失业率 registered urban unemployment rate

鼓励创业 to encourage business startups

公共就业服务体系 public employment service system

完善再就业扶持政策 to improve the aid system for job seekers

“零就业”家庭 zero-employment families

就业机会 employment opportunities

非农产业 nonagricultural sectors

 失业保险制度 unemployment insurance system

劳动力总量大增 a large increase in the total workforce

支持创办小型企业 to support citizens to establish small

enterprises

鼓励自谋职业和自主创业to encourage people to find jobs on their own or start

their own businesses

加强就业和创业培训 to strengthen vocational training and training in how to

start a business

城乡劳动者平等就业制度 an employment system that treats urban and rural

workers equally

落实促进残疾人就业政策 to carry out policies to find more jobs for people with
physical and mental disabilities

建立帮助零就业家庭解决就业困难长效机制 to create a permanent mechanism

to help zero-employment families find jobs

通过加强就业和创业培训，鼓励自谋职业和自主创业，以及支持创办小型企业来
扩大就业 to expand employment "by encouraging and training business start-
ups, strengthening job training, encouraging people to find jobs on their own,
and supporting the establishment of small enterprises
(Source: English Site of Department of Foreign
Affairs)

政府工作报告热词——机构改革篇

2008-03-19 17:05

  From:china daily    Article type:Reproduced

政府机构重组 government bodies realigning

大部门体制 super-ministries system

服务型政府service-oriented government

公共资源管理 management of public resources

行政权力监督 institutional supervision on the exercise of

power

提高政府工作透明度to increase transparency of government

affairs

旗帜鲜明地反对腐败 to strongly voice against corruption

财政转移支付 to transfer payments

政府采购 government procurement

土地和矿产资源开发development of land and mineral resources

国有资产转让 transfer of state-owned assets

群众反映强烈的问题 people's pressing concerns

食品药品安全 food and drug safety

安全生产 workplace safety

土地征收征用 land acquisition and expropriation

房屋拆迁 housing demolition

职责交叉、权责脱节 overlapping responsibilities and powers not being

matched by responsibilities
合理配置宏观调控部门职能 to appropriately divide responsibilities among
departments that exercise macroeconomic regulation

调整和完善行业管理机构to adjust and improve bodies in charge of industrial

management

加强社会管理和公共服务部门to improve departments responsible for public

administration and public services

权力过分集中和缺乏制约的问题 the problems of excessive concentration of

power and lack of checks on power

政府工作报告热词——宏观经济篇

2008-03-19 17:05

  From:china daily    Article type:Reproduced

从紧货币政策 tight monetary policy

稳健财政政策 prudent fiscal policy

宏观经济调控 macroeconomic regulation

政府临时调控 government interim intervention

经济增长模式 mode of economic development

固定资产投资反弹 a resurgence in fixed asset investment

货币信贷投放仍然偏多 continued excessive supplies of money and

credit

流动性过剩 excessive liquidity

转型过程 transformation process

行政手段 administrative measures

螺旋式通胀 spiraling inflation

通胀压力 inflationary pressure

抑制通胀to hold down inflation

次贷危机 subprime mortgage crisis

经济剧烈波动 drastic fluctuations in the economy

经济过热 economic overheating

防止经济过热to prevent the economy from overheating

促进结构调整和协调发展 to promote structural adjustment and balanced

development

减轻弱势群体负担 ease the burden on the disadvantaged group

增加对薄弱环节、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出 to increase expenditures

necessary "to shore up weak links, improve people's lives and deepen reform"