General

For Official Circulation only

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA
CENTRAL REGION, NAGPUR
OPERATION MAHARASHTRA









PROJECT THEMATIC MAPPING (SINDHUDURG)
(PART-I)



FINAL REPORT ON THEMATIC MAPPING OF PRECAMBRIAN IN PARTS
OF SINDHUDURG DISTRICT, WESTERN MAHARASHTRA

( TOPOSHEET NO. 47H/12, H/11, H/15)

F.S. 2001-02 TO 2003-04
(ITEM CODE NO. STM/CR/MH/2001/014/013)





S S. . K K. . T Tr ri ip pa at th hy y, , D D. . S S. . J Je ee er re e a an nd d A A. . N Ni ir rw wa an n
GEOLOGISTS (Jr.)

2008
FINAL REPORT ON THEMATIC MAPPING OF PRECAMBRIAN IN PARTS
OF SINDHUDURG DISTRICT, WESTERN MAHARASHTRA




C O N T E N T S

PART-I (Thematic Mapping on 1:25,000 scale)

Page No.

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION .. .. .. .. .. 01
1.1 General .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 01
1.2 Objective .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 02
1.3 Location and Accessibility .. .. .. .. .. .. 02
1.4 Topography .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 03
1.5 Drainage .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 03
1.6 Rainfall and Climate .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 03
1.7 Fauna and Flora .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 04
1.8 Previous Work .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 04

1.9 Scope of the Present Work .. .. .. .. .. .. 06
1.10 Methodology of the Present Work .. .. .. .. 08
1.11 Acknowledgements .. .. .. .. .. 09


2. GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY . .. .. 10

2.1 Geological Set-up .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10
2.2 Stratigraphy .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
14
2.3 Rock Types .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15
2.3.1 Older Supracrustals .. .. .. .. .. .. 15
2.3.2 Gneissic Rocks .. .. .. .. .. .. 29
2.3.3 Younger Supracrustals .. .. .. .. ..
59
2.3.4 Cover Rocks .. .. .. .. .. .. 92

3. STRUCTURE .. .. .. .. .. .. 97
Structure .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 97
3.1. Structure of Older Supracrustals .. .. .. .. .. 98
3.2. Structure of Gneissic Rocks .. .. .. .. ..
103
3.3. Structure of Younger Supracrustals .. .. .. .. 112

4. METAMORPHISM .. .. .. .. .. 121


5. GEOCHRONOLOGY .. .. .. .. 126

6. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY .. .. .. .. 129

7. DISCUSSION .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 135

8. CONCLUDING REMARKS .. .. .. .. .. 140
8.1. Conclusions .. .. .. .. .. ..
140
8.2. Recommendations .. .. .. ..
143

9. REFERENCES .. .. .. .. 144

PART-II
10. GEOCHEMICAL MAPPING
C O N T E N T S
Abstract
10.1 INTRODUCTION 151
10.2 GEOLOGY AND METHODOLOGY OF WORK 158
10.3 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF MAJOR AND TRACE
ELEMENTS

175

10.4. Discussion

224

10.5. Concluding Remarks

225

10.6. Recommendations

225

References 226




LOCALITY INDEX .. ..

ANNEXURES .. .. ..

PLATES .. .. .. .. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6
1. Combined Geological Map of 900 sq. km. area (FS 2001-2004) in T.S.
47H/12, part of 47H/11 and H/15.
2. Geological Map of 180 sq. km. area (FS 2003-2004) in parts of 47H/11
and H/15.
3. Geological Map of 360 sq. km. area (FS 2002-2003) in the northern
half of T.S. 47H/12, part of 47H/11.
4. Geological Map of 360 sq. km. area (FS 2001-2002) in the southern
half of T.S. 47H/12.
5. Cross-section along AB (Plate 3) across Younger Supracrustals.
6. Cross-section along CD (Plate 3) across Badami sediments in the
western part.

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ri ii-ii i ii i i - r r il ni li-i r nii
nl-i;i ,ii n lin ri r , ;i l-iln ; i -ni nii -nl- iini n
il-n ii n; | ni li-i li i-i i;i - - ni i- -i;i
li-- ii rini r nii i - i-i;-, -ii i;-, nl-i-, ii- ii i i ,
- --ii;-,--i i i;- in r |

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ni- l- il~n lsln l--, ii-i;- i lini ii il~n lsln
- l--ln r ii,i -ii -i;-, li ,-i nii --i;- ii r |
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n - i r | i - ii i - -ii;- nii;ii;- r nii
l-ii;- lii n - i r |


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i, --ii;- - llin r , - -iii llin r |

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ii r -i nii ni l i i-in i i r nii i;l i..i
il-i llni (i nii i) nn r| nii i - ii iiii
nln ii ri il - ii ni |

i;i nii i - ni;- -i i ll-n l-iln ii i i iini si i
-iiln ri li i i | ni-ii-i;- ini-i iii i;i - iini i
lin- ni-i rc i(n;) i czr -in ii ni | i.. i, ii
-ii iini ln r i i- ni (--ii;-) li-- --ii;- n r , r
--ii;-i - lin- --i ii;-n-iii;- iii lrn l-nn -iiln
li i ni r | iz ii lii iini i i in r; nii --i ii;-
i lii-- -iln l-- - in ii ii ri |

l- iin - ii-i -r ii i i i;i li-i + l-in r |
ii-i -r i i -i i i ii -n r i
l-lii,l-i-n lii - n r | ii iii - i i -- -il- r i
ii-(i;-) (-i- -- i -iln- iii i- i;-) nii ili;- ,ii
ni-i r | lii l-i iin - i~-i nii -i;- i r |

r i inil l-ii l- iii -i i li-- l--i -i ri r ln l
ii il- -, i-- ln nii iini -i- - s llini ii i; n;
r |



















PART-I

FINAL REPORT ON THEMATIC MAPPING OF PRECAMBRIAN IN PARTS
OF SINDHUDURG DISTRICT, WESTERN MAHARASHTRA

F.S. 2001-02 TO 2003-04
(ITEM CODE NO. STM/CR/MH/2001/014/013)

S S. . K K. . T Tr ri ip pa at th hy y, , D D. . S S. . J Je ee er re e a an nd d A A. . N Ni ir rw wa an n

Abstract on STM
A total of 900 sq. km area around Kankavli-Kasal-Kudal (47H/12, 11 and 15)
in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra was mapped on a scale of 1:25,000 during F.S.
2001-2004. A group of banded to migmatitic gneiss and a more homogeneous foliated
quartzo-feldspathic gneiss dominantly occupy the area along with intrusive granitoids
and a train of lensoid supracrustal inclusions named Older Supracrustals. The Older
Supracrustals (OS) comprise BIF, Talc tremolite schist, amphibolite and a highMg
ultramafic rock that has komatiitic affinity. There is another group of volcano-
sedimentary rocks (Younger Supracrustals) which are not intruded by granitoids and
whose occurrence is restricted to the northern and northwestern part of the area. The
Younger Supracrustals start with a thin quartz mica schist at the contact with gneisses
and followed by quartzite, amphibolite, conglomerate, volcaniclastic rock, chert and
meta-pelite / meta- carbon pelite.
The homogeneous gneisses typically consist of xenoblastic aggregates of
quartz and oligoclase with or without garnet interspersed with discontinuous
anastomosing folia rich in biotite and/or amphibole along with accessory apatite,
zircon, sphene and magnetite. They are tonalitic to granodioritic in composition with
an igneous parentage and have a likely origin in dehydration melting of amphibolites.
The Older Supracrustals and the gneissic rocks display evidences of polyphase
deformation. The gneissic foliation is axial planar to a set of isoclinal reclined to
inclined thickened-hinge folds (GN F1) on silicic / granitic veinlets and the late folds
(GN F2) are gently plunging upright ones represented on all scales. Some of the
migmatitic rocks are older than the homogeneous gneisses and display pre-gneissic
banding/layering.
Outcrops of Younger Supracrustals define an open steeply-plunging
antiformal fold of second generation (YS F2). The earlier reclined to inclined
isoclines (YS F1) on bedding are preserved locally in volcaniclastic rocks and
metapelites.
The gneissic rocks being on the down-dip side of the YS and their structural
grains being oblique, it has been inferred that the mutual boundary is a fault and the
gneisses and the Y.S. underwent early deformations (GN F1 and YS F1) separately
and then brought into juxtaposition by movement along this fault.
No regional metamorphic imprint can be established within the gneisses and
OS due to irregular occurrence of granite plutons within them. On the basis of a
garnet-biotite geothermometer, the maximum temperature of metamorphism in gneiss
is found to be 625 C at 5-6 kb pressure. Within Y.S., however, a regional prograde
metamorphic pattern from quartz-mucscovite schist to metapelite can be broadly
established with a maximum staurolite-grade amphibolite facies in metapelites. Peak
metamorphism initiated during D2 and continued afterwards in the form of static
recrystallisation of large staurolite porphyroblasts.
Badami group of cover sediments overlie the gneisses and supracrustals in the
western part. The Badamis are a group of shallow WSWly dipping sediments
comprising a basal conglomerate followed by arenites (coarse to medium sandstone-
grit-orthoquartzite) and argillites. There are extensive occurrences of Deccan basalts
and laterites especially in the western part.
The area has a geological set-up similar to the schist belts of West Dharwar
Craton, but there are also quite a few differences in terms of lithological assemblage,
structural pattern and metamorphism.




FINAL REPORT ON GEOCHEMICAL MAPPING AROUND KUDAL-KATTA-
MALVAN AREA IN PARTS OF SINDHUDURG DISTRICT, WESTERN
MAHARASHTRA

( TOPOSHEET NO. 47H/12)

F. S. 2001-02
(ITEM CODE NO. STM/CR/MH/2001/014/014)
By
S. K. Tripathy and D. S. Jeere


Abstract II-Geo-chemical
Along with thematic mapping, a pilot-scale geochemical mapping programme
was initiated in the southern half of T.S. 47H/12 in Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra,
India during the year 2001-02 under the National Geochemical Mapping Programme.
A total of 306 stream sediment samples were collected from first and second order
streams from each 1km 1km grid and 80 composite samples each representing a
2kmX2km area prepared from them. Few samples were also collected from other
media such as regolith, top soil, surface water and humus. The area is occupied by
gneisses, granites, and low-grade supracrustals of possible Late Archaean age, Neo-
Proterozoic Badami sediments, Deccan Trap basalts and extensive laterites. From the
available results of chemical analysis of composite stream sediment samples, Contour
maps have been generated for each of the 26 major oxide and trace-elements and the
geological map has been superimposed on that. The study area has neither large-scale
anthropogenic activities nor any reported mineral occurrence. In such terrains, the
study reveals, the spatial elemental distribution in stream sediments is mainly guided
by the bedrock geology and chemistry, e.g., a gabbroic body in the central part of the
area is reflected remarkably well in the high value stream-sediment contours of Co, Ni
& Cr and matches fairly well with elevated values of Fe
2
O
3
t, MgO and MnO. Stream
sediment samples over younger granites are rich in Zr, Ba and Sr. The elemental
concentrations in stream sediments over gneissic rocks show moderately high values
of Ba, Sr, Zr, Al
2
O
3
and low values of other elements.
Again, the composite stream sediment samples were divided into seven
classes on the basis of underlying litho-units. The average elemental distributions in
these classes are found to be clearly different and comparable with bedrock
mineralogy. It is demonstrated, therefore, that in a terrain occupied by varied rock
units, stream sediment sampling is required to be dense enough to represent the
changing lithology. A gneissic terrain requires a much denser sampling programme
compared to an area occupied by Deccan Traps.
On the basis of stream-sediment geochemical mapping, few areas have been
identified for systematic sampling and exploration e.g. the NE-SW trending gabbro
body located to the SE of Katta for Co, Ni, Cr and the Kasal Granite for Sr, Ba, Zr
and LIL elements.