UMTS UMTS

UMTS
D.James sagaya Raj
SDE
D.James
D.James
sagaya Raj
sagaya Raj
SDE
SDE
Regional Telecom Training Centre
Regional Telecom Training Centre
Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram
INTERNATIONAL MOBILE TELECOM 2000.
INTERNATIONAL MOBILE TELECOM 2000.
( IMT
( IMT
-
-
2000)
2000)
In 1992, ITU issued blueprint about 3
rd
generation
mobile telephony called IMT-2000

It is intended to bring high
It is intended to bring high
-
-
quality mobile
quality mobile
multimedia telecommunications to a worldwide
multimedia telecommunications to a worldwide
mass market
mass market
by achieving the goals of increasing the speed and
ease of wireless communications
responding to the problems faced by the increased
demand to pass data via telecommunications, and
providing "anytime, anywhere" services.
THIRD GENERATION (3 G ) STANDARD
IMT 2000
IMT 2000
Originally it was the purpose of the
Originally it was the purpose of the
ITU to have only one truly 3 G
ITU to have only one truly 3 G
specification but for both technical
specification but for both technical
and political reasons this did not
and political reasons this did not
happen.
happen.
IMT
IMT
-
-
2000 compatible
2000 compatible
-
-
3G systems
3G systems

ITU accepted the following proposals as

ITU accepted the following proposals as
IMT
IMT
-
-
2000 compatible.
2000 compatible.

IMT Direct IMT Direct- -Spread (IMT Spread (IMT- -DS also known as UTRA FDD) DS also known as UTRA FDD)

IMT Multi Carrier (IMT IMT Multi Carrier (IMT- -MC : also known as CDMA MC : also known as CDMA - -2000) 2000)

IMT Time Code (IMT IMT Time Code (IMT TC also known as UTRA TC also known as UTRA- -TDD) TDD)

IMT Single Carrier (IMT IMT Single Carrier (IMT SC also known as UWC SC also known as UWC- -136) 136)

IMT IMT Frequncy Frequncy Time (IMT Time (IMT- - FT also known as DECT) FT also known as DECT)
IMT 2000
IMT 2000

Started the process of defining the

Started the process of defining the
standard for third generation systems
standard for third generation systems

In Europe European Telecommunication

In Europe European Telecommunication
Standard Institution (ETSI) was responsible
Standard Institution (ETSI) was responsible
for UMTS standardization process.
for UMTS standardization process.

In 1998,
In 1998,
Third Generation Partnership
Third Generation Partnership
Project
Project
(3GPP) was formed to continue
(3GPP) was formed to continue
the technical specification work.
the technical specification work.
IMT 2000
IMT 2000

Third Generation Partnership Project 2

Third Generation Partnership Project 2
(3GPP2) was formed for technical
(3GPP2) was formed for technical
development of cdma2000 technology
development of cdma2000 technology
which is a member of IMT
which is a member of IMT
-
-
2000
2000
family.
family.
IMT 2000
IMT 2000
3G Vision
3G Vision

Universal global roaming

Universal global roaming

Multimedia (Data, Voice, Video)

Multimedia (Data, Voice, Video)

Increased data rate

Increased data rate
384 kbps while moving
2Mbps While stationary at a place

Increased capacity
Increased capacity
More spectrally efficient

IP architecture
IP architecture
Benefits of 3GPP W
Benefits of 3GPP W
-
-
CDMA (UMTS
CDMA (UMTS
)
)

Higher Voice Capacity

Higher Voice Capacity

Ability to Send High Speed Data while

Ability to Send High Speed Data while
Mobile or Fixed (Internet, video,
Mobile or Fixed (Internet, video,
multimedia, etc.)
multimedia, etc.)

5 MHz Bandwidth is more Immune to

5 MHz Bandwidth is more Immune to
Fading
Fading

No Accurate Base Station

No Accurate Base Station
Synchronization is Needed
Synchronization is Needed

Support for Hand

Support for Hand
-
-
off to and from GSM
off to and from GSM
UMTS SERVICES
UMTS SERVICES

Bearer services
Bearer services
144 kbits/s satellite and rural outdoor
384 kbits/s urban outdoor
2048 kbits/s indoor and low range
outdoor
UMTS SERVICES
UMTS SERVICES

Network services
Network services
Conversational class

voice, video telephony, video gaming

voice, video telephony, video gaming
Streaming class

multimedia, video on demand,

multimedia, video on demand,
webcast
webcast
Interactive class

web browsing, network gaming, database access

web browsing, network gaming, database access
Background class

email, SMS, downloading

email, SMS, downloading
GPRS
200 KHz carrier
115 Kbps peak data rates
EDGE
200 KHz carrier
Data rates up to 384 Kbps
8-PSK modulation
Higher symbol rate
UMTS
5 MHz carrier
2 Mbps peak data rates
New IMT-2000 2 GHz spectrum
GSM
200 KHz carrier
8 full-rate time slots
16 half-rate time slots
GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS
3G
2.5G 2G
HSCSD
HSCSD
Circuit-switched data
64 Kbps peak data rates
GSM EVOLUTION
GSM EVOLUTION
Evolution to 3G
Evolution to 3G

The Carriers Choice

The Carriers Choice
1995 1999 2000 2001
2002
Nearly Doubles Voice, 307k, RF backward compatible
Data only 2.4 Mbps
RF backward compatible
Voice, 14.4k Voice, 64k
Voice, 9.6k Data only 10-60k
Voice, 128k/384k
Voice, 9.6k
100k
Voice, 64k/384k
GSM GSM
(Europe (Europe
) )
CDMA CDMA
CDMA2000 1x
CDMA2000 1x
IS IS- -95A 95A
GPRS GPRS
EDGE EDGE
PDC PDC
(Japan (Japan
) )
WCDMA WCDMA
CDMA2000 1xEV CDMA2000 1xEV- -DO DO
IS IS- -95B 95B
WCDMA WCDMA
2003 2004
Evolution of CDMA Networks
GPRS Architecture
GPRS Architecture

HLR
Air (Um)
Gb
Gs
Gr Gf
Gn
Gn
Inter-PLMN
GPRS
Backbone
Gp
External
packet
network
Gi
SGSN
EIR
BSC
MSC/
VLR
SMS-
GMSC
Gd
GGSN
GGSN
Signalling and data
Signalling
Power
Frequency
Time
FDMA
Frequency
Power Time
TDMA
Frequency
CDMA
Power
Time
Cellular Access Methods
Cellular Access Methods
CDMA
CDMA
Walsh/OVSF
Spreading
Encoding &
Interleaving
Decode & De-
Interleaving
Baseband
Data
Baseband
Data
Background Noise External Interference Other Cell Interference Other User Noise
CDMA
Transmitter
CDMA
Receiver
Spread BW
f
c
Spread Factor
f
c
Baseband BW
0
Baseband
BW
0
Spread BW
f
c
Spread BW
f
c
f
c
KTBF function
f
c
Spurious Signals
Walsh/OVSF
Correlator
Interference Sources
Overview of Spreading Process
Overview of Spreading Process
Code Domain Provides Access to Multiple
Users
In the Same 5 MHz Spectrum
In the Same 5 MHz Spectrum
OVSF codes
5 MHz
Frequency
Amplitude
User N
User 3
User 2
User 1
User 4
CDMA Signals Occupy Same Spectrum
CDMA Signals Occupy Same Spectrum
1. Correlation 1. Correlation
Received Signal
Time
Correlation = 1
Correlation = 0
Correlation = 0
Correlation = 0
Measure of how well a given Measure of how well a given
signal matches a desired code signal matches a desired code
Desired code compared to Desired code compared to
given signal at various test given signal at various test
times times
2. Orthogonality 2. Orthogonality
Two functions orthogonal if the cross-correlation
coefficient between the two functions is zero.
Orthogonal Signals (codes) dont interfere with each
other.
f
c
Combats Fading, Caused by Multipath
Fading Acts like Notch Filter to a Wide
Spectrum Signal
May Notch only Part of Signal
Amplitude
Frequency
5 MHz BW
CDMA
CDMA
Frequency
Frequency
Diversity
Diversity
MTSO
Vocoder / Selector
Base Station 2 Base Station 1
Land Link
Diversity in CDMA Systems
Diversity in CDMA Systems
Spatial
Spatial
Diversity During Soft Handoff
Diversity During Soft Handoff

Uses Rake Receiver
Uses Rake Receiver

Data is Interleaved
Data is Interleaved

Convolutional Encoding
Convolutional Encoding
CDMA
CDMA
Time
Time
Diversity
Diversity
Time
Frequenc
y
Amplitude
The Rake Receiver
The Rake Receiver
Used for Soft Handoff and Multipath Detection
Used for Soft Handoff and Multipath Detection
Power Control is Important for Proper
Power Control is Important for Proper
Operation
Operation
In CDMA all In CDMA all
users are on users are on
the same the same
frequency and frequency and
at the same at the same
time time
Power control Power control
is necessary to is necessary to
assure that all assure that all
signals arrive signals arrive
at the same at the same
power power
Base Station Mobile 1
Mobile 2
Path Loss 2
Path Loss 1
Path Loss 1 << Path Loss 2
RX power at the Node B RX power at the Node B
(base station) receiver (base station) receiver
User 2
User 1
User 2
User 1
W-CDMA Channel W-CDMA Channel
Without power control With power control
RX
Power
RX
Power
f f
3 Steps to 3G:
3 Steps to 3G:
The GSM Network Transition
The GSM Network Transition
UTRAN
Core Network
Core Network
Gateway
MSC
VLR
HLR
MSC
Mobile
Switching
Center
Gateway
MSC
VLR
HLR
MSC
Mobile
Switching
Center
Gateway
GPRS
Support
node
Serving
GPRS
Support
node
Core Network
Gateway
MSC
VLR
HLR
MSC
Mobile
Switching
Center
Gateway
GPRS
Support
node
Serving
GPRS
Support
node
BSC
Base
Station
Controller
BSC
Base
Station
Controller
PCU
BTS
Base
Transceiver
Stations
BTS
Base
Transceiver
Stations
SIM
Mobile
Equipment
UMTS
SIM
Mobile
Equipment
RNC
Radio
Network
Controller
RNC
Radio
Network
Controller
Node B
Node B
Node B
Node B
Internet
ISDN
PLMN
PSTN
Internet
ISDN
PLMN
PSTN
Internet
ISDN
PLMN
PSTN
User
Equipment
Mobile
Station
SIM
Mobile
Equipment
Mobile
Station
3G: UMTS, UTRA
2.5G: GSM + GPRS
GSM TODAY
UMTS and GSM Network Architecture
UMTS and GSM Network Architecture
-
-

BSS
BSC
UTRAN or RNS
RNC
CN domain
Node B Node B
A IuPS
Iur
Iubis
USIM
ME
MS or UE domain
Cu
Uu
MSC
SGSN
Gs
GGSN GMSC
Gn
HLR
Gr
Gc
C
D
E
AuC
H
EIR
F Gf
Gi
PSTN
IuCS Gb
VLR
B
Gp
VLR
G
BTS BTS
Um
RNC
Abis
SIM
SIM-ME i/f or
MSC
B
PSTN PSTN
cell
AN domain
Towards external
PSTN/CS domain
Towards external
IP/CS domain
UMTS Architecture
UMTS Architecture
UMTS Architecture
UMTS Architecture

Three interacting domains

Three interacting domains
Core Network (CN)
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
(UTRAN)
User Equipment
UMTS/W
UMTS/W
-
-
CDMA:
CDMA:
RAN Network Elements (3GPP)
RAN Network Elements (3GPP)
CN:
Interface to
various circuit-
switched or
packet-switched
networks.
RNC:
Connects to
localized
group of Node
Bs. Selects
most
appropriate
Node B for
each UE,
performing
Handover
when
necessary.
UE:
Mobile
Phone,
video
phone,
PDA,
etc.
Node B:
Converts
radio signal
to and from
ATM.
Involved in
handover
decisions.
GSM/GPRS/UMTS Network
Core Network
Access Network
Mobile Device
GMSC
GMSC
SGSN
SGSN
BSC
BSC RNC
RNC
BTS
BTS
RNC
RNC
ME
ME
USIM
USIM
SIM
SIM
GGSN
GGSN
AuC
AuC
HLR
HLR
EIR
EIR
VLR
MSC
VLR
MSC
BTS
BTS
RNS
Node B Node B
cell
SIM-ME I/f
Cu
Uu
Iub
IuPS
IuCS Gb
A
Gn
BSS
C
E
G
D
F
Gc
Gr
Gf
Gn
Gp
Gi
PSTN
PSTN
PSTN
H
Circuit-switched Packet-based
GPRS/
UMTS
UMTS
u
m
Abis
GPRS
mobile
GPRS
mobile
UMTS
mobile
Core network
Core network

Provides switching, routing and transit

Provides switching, routing and transit
for user traffic.
for user traffic.

Contains the databases and network

Contains the databases and network
management functions.
management functions.

The basic Core Network architecture

The basic Core Network architecture
for UMTS is based on GSM network
for UMTS is based on GSM network
with GPRS.
with GPRS.
Core network
Core network

Divided into
Divided into
circuit switched domain
Mobile services Switching Mobile services Switching Centre Centre (MSC), (MSC),
Visitor location register (VLR) Visitor location register (VLR)
Gateway MSC. Gateway MSC.
Packet switched domain.
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN). Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN).
Network elements, like EIR, HLR, VLR and
AUC are shared by both domains.
Core network
Core network

The Asynchronous Transfer Mode

The Asynchronous Transfer Mode
(ATM) is defined for UMTS core
(ATM) is defined for UMTS core
transmission.
transmission.

AAL2 handles circuit switched

AAL2 handles circuit switched
connection
connection

AAL5
AAL5
-
-
Packet connection is designed
Packet connection is designed
for data delivery.
for data delivery.
UTRAN
UTRAN

Provides the air interface access method

Provides the air interface access method
for User Equipment.
for User Equipment.

Base Station is referred as Node

Base Station is referred as Node
-
-
B
B

Control equipment for Node

Control equipment for Node
-
-
B is called
B is called
Radio Network Controller (RNC).
Radio Network Controller (RNC).

Wide band CDMA Technology was

Wide band CDMA Technology was
selected for UTRAN air interface.
selected for UTRAN air interface.
UMTS WDCMA
UMTS WDCMA

A Direct Sequence CDMA system where

A Direct Sequence CDMA system where
user data is multiplied with quasi
user data is multiplied with quasi
-
-
random
random
bits derived from WCDMA spreading
bits derived from WCDMA spreading
codes.
codes.

In addition to
In addition to
channelisation
channelisation
,
,
Codes
Codes
are
are
used for
used for
synchronisation
synchronisation
and scrambling.
and scrambling.

Two basic modes of operation

Two basic modes of operation
Frequency Division duplex (FDD)
Time Division Duplex (TDD).
Functions of Node
Functions of Node
-
-
B
B

Air interface Transmission / Reception

Air interface Transmission / Reception

Modulation / Demodulation
Modulation / Demodulation

CDMA Physical Channel coding

CDMA Physical Channel coding

Diversity
Diversity

Error Handling
Error Handling

Closed loop power control

Closed loop power control
Functions of RNC
Functions of RNC

Radio Resource Control
Radio Resource Control

Admission Control
Admission Control

Channel Allocation
Channel Allocation

Power Control Settings
Power Control Settings

Handover Control
Handover Control

Ciphering
Ciphering

Segmentation / Reassembly
Segmentation / Reassembly

Broadcast Signaling
Broadcast Signaling

Open Loop Power Control
Open Loop Power Control
Three modes of operation
Three modes of operation
-
-
UE
UE

PS/CS mode of operation
PS/CS mode of operation

MS is attached to both the PS domain and CS domain, MS is attached to both the PS domain and CS domain,
and the MS is capable of simultaneously operating PS and the MS is capable of simultaneously operating PS
services and CS services. services and CS services.

PS mode of operation
PS mode of operation

MS is attached to the PS domain only and may only MS is attached to the PS domain only and may only
operate services of the PS domain. operate services of the PS domain.

this does not prevent CS this does not prevent CS- -like services to be offered like services to be offered
over the PS domain (like over the PS domain (like VoIP VoIP). ).

CS mode of operation
CS mode of operation

MS is attached to the CS domain only and may only MS is attached to the CS domain only and may only
operate services of the CS domain. operate services of the CS domain.
UMTS IC card (USIM)
UMTS IC card (USIM)
Support of one User Service Identity
Module (USIM) application
Update USIM specific information
over the air
Security functions
User authentication
Optional inclusion of payment
methods
Optional secure downloading of
new applications
User Equipment
User Equipment

International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)

Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)
Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)

Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (P
Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (P
-
-
TMSI)
TMSI)

Temporary Logical Link Identity (TLLI)
Temporary Logical Link Identity (TLLI)

Mobile station ISDN (MSISDN)
Mobile station ISDN (MSISDN)

International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI)
International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI)

TLLI
TLLI
An identifier that uniquely identifies
an MS within a routing area.
TLLI is sent in all packet transfers over
the air interface.
TLLI is derived from P-TMSI
P-TMSI is assigned by SGSN
3G Frequencies
3G Frequencies

IMT 2000
IMT 2000

Recommendation
Recommendation
1885-2025 MHz and 2110-2200 MHz
1710 - 1885 and 2500 - 2690 MHz

UMTS frequencies
UMTS frequencies
FDD, W-CDMA
1920 1920- -1980 1980 MHz (Uplink) MHz (Uplink)
2110 2110- -2170 2170 MHz (Downlink) MHz (Downlink)
Channel spacing is 5 MHz Channel spacing is 5 MHz
(TDD, TD/CDMA)
1900 1900- -1920 1920 and and 2010 2010- -2025 2025 MHz MHz
Channel spacing is 5 MHz Channel spacing is 5 MHz
1980-2010 and 2170-2200 MHz Satellite uplink
and downlink.
UTRA FDD frequency bands
UMTS Architecture
UMTS Architecture

Release 4
Release 4



CS-
MGW
A



CS-
MGW
B
Iu Transport
A sig
Iu sig
A Transport
BSC
A

MSC-S
B

MSC-S
A
Nc
Signalling User Data Transport
RNC
A
Nb
Mc Mc
RAN
NMS
PSTN
Internet
CN
Iu-cs
HLR
MSC
MGW
MGW
SGSN
GGSN
GN
A
RNC
RNC
Iur
Iu-cs
Iu-ps
Iu-ps
Iub
BS
BS
BS
Iub
Uu
Uu
UE
UE
WCDMA Architecture

MSC is split into

MSC is split into
MSC server
(Circuit-Switched) Media Gateway (CS-
MGW),
The MSC server provides the call control
and mobility management functions,
CS-MGW provides the stream
manipulating functions, i.e. bearer
control and transmission resource
functions.
UMTS Architecture
UMTS Architecture

Release 6
Release 6

UE SGSN
MS GERAN
UTRAN
HLR
GGSN

BM
-
SC

Uu
Iu
Iu / Gb
/
Um
Gr
Gn/Gp
/
Gi
External
Network:
Packet
Data
Network,
e.g.
Internet
Gmb
Internal
Content
Provider /
Multicast
Broadcast
Source
External
Content
Provider /
Multicast
Broadcast
Source
Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast
Service(MBMS) Architecture
Architecture model for MBMS
Architecture model for MBMS
A new functional node is introduced in the Core Network, the A new functional node is introduced in the Core Network, the
Broadcast Broadcast- -Multicast Service Centre (BM Multicast Service Centre (BM- -SC) SC)
The BM The BM- -SC provides functions for MBMS user service SC provides functions for MBMS user service
provisioning and delivery. provisioning and delivery.
Serve as an entry point for PLMN Serve as an entry point for PLMN- -internal and external MBMS internal and external MBMS
Content Providers, Content Providers,
used to authorise and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within the used to authorise and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within the
PLMN PLMN
schedule and deliver MBMS transmissions. schedule and deliver MBMS transmissions.
download delivery method is based on the File download delivery method is based on the File deLivery deLivery over over
Unidirectional Transport (FLUTE) protocol (IETF RFC 3926). Unidirectional Transport (FLUTE) protocol (IETF RFC 3926).
The streaming delivery method is based on the Real The streaming delivery method is based on the Real- -Time Time
transport Protocol (RTP). transport Protocol (RTP).
BM
BM
-
-
SC
SC
Membership function Membership function
handles the authorisations and generates the charging records
Session and Transmission function Session and Transmission function
schedules the MBMS sessions and transmissions
Proxy and Transport function Proxy and Transport function
acts as a proxy agent for signalling between GGSNs and other BM-SC sub-
functions, transparent to the GGSNs.
generates the charging records for content provider
Service Announcement function Service Announcement function
provides service announcements for multicast and broadcast user
services, e.g. session descriptions and time of transmission by means of
e.g. SMS or SMS-CB, URL, etc.
The service announcements may be triggered by the BM-SC but are not
necessarily sent by the BM-SC
Security function Security function
handles, with the UE, nearly all the security functionality for MBMS, except
for the normal network bearer security, offering authentication, key
distribution and data protection for a MBMS User Service
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Layer 3
RRC
Medium Access Control
Layer 2
Layer 1
Transport Channels
Logical Channels
MAC
RLC Radio Link Control
Physical Channels
Radio Resource Control
3GPP Layers
UTRA Channels
UTRA Channels

UTRA FDD radio interface has logical

UTRA FDD radio interface has logical
channels
channels
mapped to transport channels,

again mapped to physical channels.

again mapped to physical channels.

Logical to Transport channel

Logical to Transport channel
conversion happens in Medium Access
conversion happens in Medium Access
Control (MAC) layer
Control (MAC) layer
COMMON CONTROL CHANNEL
A shared channel CARRYING CONTROL
information between many users and
network
DEDICATED CONTROL CHANNEL
A private channel carrying control information
between many users and network
BROADCAST CONTROL CHANNEL
System control information for all users
configuration and parameters
COMMON CONTROL CHANNEL
A shared channel CARRYING CONTROL
information between many users and
network
DEDICATED CONTROL CHANNEL
A private channel carrying control information
between many users and network
BROADCAST CONTROL CHANNEL
System control information for all users
configuration and parameters
BCH
DCCH
CCCH
DOWNLINK DOWNLINK
UPLINK UPLINK
DCCH
CCCH
COMMON TRAFFIC CHANNEL
A shared channel carrying traffic from the
network to many users or to groups of users
DEDICATED TRAFFIC CHANNEL
A private bi-directional channel carrying traffic
between one user and the network
PAGING CONTROL CHANNEL
A shared channel carrying paging information
between the network and many users
COMMON TRAFFIC CHANNEL
A shared channel carrying traffic from the
network to many users or to groups of users
DEDICATED TRAFFIC CHANNEL
A private bi-directional channel carrying traffic
between one user and the network
PAGING CONTROL CHANNEL
A shared channel carrying paging information
between the network and many users
PCCH
DTCH
CTCH
UPLINK UPLINK
DOWNLINK DOWNLINK
DTCH
Downlink CPICH
Examine the Common Pilot Channel
Primary CPICH:
Always Uses the 256 bit OVSF Spreading Code 0
Always Uses the Cells Primary Scrambling Code
One Per Cell and is Broadcast Over the Entire Cell
Cell site coverage area determined using quality of
CPICH
Fixed power - no power control
CPICH quality used in handover algorithms
Logical channels
Logical channels

Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)

Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)

DL
DL

Paging Control Channel (PCCH)

Paging Control Channel (PCCH)

DL
DL

Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)

Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)
-
-
UL/DL
UL/DL

Common Control Channel (CCCH)

Common Control Channel (CCCH)
-
-
UL/DL
UL/DL

Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH)

Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH)
-
-
UL/DL
UL/DL

Common Traffic Channel (CTCH)

Common Traffic Channel (CTCH)
-
-
Unidirectional (one to many)
Unidirectional (one to many)
Transport Channels
Transport Channels
Dedicated Transport Channel (DCH) Dedicated Transport Channel (DCH) - - UL/DL UL/DL
mapped to DCCH and DTCH
Broadcast Channel (BCH) Broadcast Channel (BCH) - - DL DL
mapped to BCCH
Forward Access Channel (FACH) Forward Access Channel (FACH) DL DL
mapped to BCCH, CCCH, CTCH, DCCH and DTCH
Paging Channel (PCH) Paging Channel (PCH) DL DL
mapped to PCCH
Random Access Channel (RACH) Random Access Channel (RACH) UL UL
mapped to CCCH, DCCH and DTCH
Uplink Common Packet Channel (CPCH) Uplink Common Packet Channel (CPCH) UL UL
mapped to DCCH and DTCH
Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH) Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH) DL DL
mapped to DCCH and DTCH
Physical Channels:
Physical Channels:
Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH) Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH)
mapped to BCH
Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH) Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH)
mapped to FACH, PCH
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
mapped to RACH
Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)
mapped to DCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)
mapped to DCH
Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
mapped to DSCH
Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH) Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH)
mapped to CPCH
Synchronisation Synchronisation Channel (SCH) Channel (SCH)
Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH) Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
Paging Indication Channel (PICH) Paging Indication Channel (PICH)
CPCH Status Indication Channel (CSICH) CPCH Status Indication Channel (CSICH)
Collision Detection/Channel Assignment Indication Channel Collision Detection/Channel Assignment Indication Channel
(CD/CA (CD/CA- -ICH) ICH)
S -P
30 ksps
30 ksps
Pilot, Power
Control and TFCI
18 kbps
Time Multiplexer
60 kbps
OVS
F
Code
Gen
3840 kcps
3840 kcps
I 3840 kcps
Q
2
18
Complex
Scramble Code
Generator
Q
I
+
+
+
-
10 ms segment
Spreading
42 kbps
Qscramble
I
scramble
SF=128
I
scramble
Add CRC &
Tail Bits
268 bits 244 bits
1/3 Rate
Conv. Coder
804 bits 686 bits 343 bits 686 bits
Frame
Segment
TrCH
Mux
DTCH
Data Bits
42 kbps
120 bits 100 bits 360 bits 308 bits 77 bits 308 bits
20 ms
Frames
40 ms
Frames
10 ms
Frames
34.3 kbps
Add CRC &
Tail Bits
1/3 Rate
Conv. Coder
7.7 kbps
Segment
& Match
DCCH
Data Bits
DPCCH
Rate
Matching
Rate
Matching
1st
Interleaver
1st
Interleaver
DPDCH
Frame
Segment
CCTrCH
2nd
Interleaver
Complex
Scrambling
Area of Focus
Logical Channels Transport Channel
Physical Channel
W-CDMA Downlink Coding
Sample Downlink Configurations
Sample Downlink Configurations
and Data Rates
and Data Rates
Slot
Format
User Bit
Rate*
DPDCH
Bit Rate
DPCCH
Bit Rate
TFCI
I nfo ?
DPCH
Bit Rate
I /Q Symbol
Rate
OVSF
Length
0 3 kbps 6 kbps 9 kbps No 15 kbps 7.5 ksps 512
2 12 kbps 24 kbps 6 kbps No 30 kbps 15 ksps 256
8 25.5 kbps 51 kbps 9 kbps No 60 kbps 30 ksps 128
11 21 kbps 42 kbps 18 kbps Yes 60 kbps 30 ksps 128
12 45 kbps 90 kbps 30 kbps Yes 120 kbps 60 ksps 64
13 105 kbps 210 kbps 30 kbps Yes 240 kbps 120 ksps 32
14 216 kbps 432 kbps 48 kbps Yes 480 kbps 240 ksps 16
15 456 kbps 912 kbps 48 kbps Yes 960 kbps 480 ksps 8
16 936 kbps 1872 kbps 48 kbps Yes 1920 kbps 960 ksps 4
* assumes 1/2 rate encoder and no control channel
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1
1 1
1 -1
1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1
1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1
OVSF Code Tree
OVSF Code Tree
Orthogonal Variable Spreading
Orthogonal Variable Spreading
Factor
Factor
SF=1
C
ch,1,0
SF=2
C
ch,2,0
C
ch,2,1
SF=4
C
ch,4,0
C
ch,4,1
C
ch,4,2
C
ch,4,3
SF=8
C
ch,8,0
C
ch,8,1
C
ch,8,2
C
ch,8,3
C
ch,8,4
C
ch,8,5
C
ch,8,6
C
ch,8,7
. . .
SF=16 SF=2 SF=4 SF=8
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1
1 1
1 -1
1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1
1
1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1
1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1
1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1
1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1
1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1
Shorter Codes Shorter Codes
on a Branch on a Branch
map into map into
Longer Codes Longer Codes
Using Shorter Using Shorter
OVSF Codes OVSF Codes
Precludes Precludes
Using all Using all
Longer Codes Longer Codes
Derived from Derived from
the Original the Original
Effects of Variable OVSF Codes
Effects of Variable OVSF Codes
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
OVSF Codes with SF=8
Matches = 4
Mismatches = 4
Net Correlation = 0
Match? Y N N Y Y N N Y
Code
Code
Orthogonality of OVSF Codes
Orthogonality of OVSF Codes
OVSF codes are :
OVSF codes are :
Orthogonal with each
Other
and Their Inverses:
Orthogonality = Equal
Number of Matches and
Mismatches
Voice Channels Use the OVSF Voice Channels Use the OVSF
Code with a SF (spread Code with a SF (spread
factor) of 128 factor) of 128
How UMTS Mobiles Identify Base Stations How UMTS Mobiles Identify Base Stations
Important to Understand for Planning and Optimization Important to Understand for Planning and Optimization
OVSF codes provide OVSF codes provide
orthogonality orthogonality
between signals between signals
coming from the coming from the
same base station same base station
(node B) (node B)
Scrambling codes Scrambling codes
allow mobile to allow mobile to
distinguish signals distinguish signals
coming from coming from
different base different base
stations stations
Signal from BS2
Base
Station 1
Base
Station 2
Signal from BS1
Frequancy
W-CDMA
signals
The Scrambling Code is the Key
For Asynchronous Mode W-CDMA
Process to determine Scrambling Code:
1. Scan and decode Primary Synch Channel
2. Determine the Secondary Synch Channel
and Scrambling Code Group
SC 42
SC 41
SC 43
Asynchronous Mode:
Eliminates need for GPS Satellite Receivers
Allows Operation in Tunnels, Buildings,
and Subways Where Satellite Reception is Difficult
Requires Greater Search Time, More Difficult Handoffs
DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel) downlink and uplink DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel) downlink and uplink
time slot allocation. time slot allocation.
DPCH
DPCH

TPC
TPC
-
-
Transmit Power Control
Transmit Power Control

FBI
FBI
-
-
Feedback Information
Feedback Information
used for closed loop transmission
diversity. Transport Format Combination
Indicator

TFCI
TFCI
-
-
Transport Format Combination
Transport Format Combination
Indicator
Indicator
contains the information relating to data
rates.

Pilot bits are always the same and are

Pilot bits are always the same and are
used for channel
used for channel
synchronisation
synchronisation
.
.
Summary of the main UMTS FDD codes
Summary of the main UMTS FDD codes
Separation of sectors Separation of terminal
UL: to separate physical
data and control data
from same terminal
DL: to separate
connection to different
terminals in a same cell
To enable terminals to
locate and synchronise to
the cells' main control
channels
Usage
No, does not change
bandwidth
No, does not change
bandwidth
Yes, increases bandwidth
No, does not change
bandwidth
Spreading
512 primary / 15
secondary for each
primary code
16,777,216
= spreading factor
4 ... 256 UL,
4 ... 512 DL
1 primary code / 16
secondary codes
Number of codes
10 ms 10 ms / 66.67 s
1.04 s -
133.34 s
66.67 s Duration
38400 chips
38400 chips /
256 chips
4-512 chips 256 chips Length
Complex-Valued Gold
Code Segments
Pseudo Noise (PN) codes
Complex-Valued Gold
Code Segments (long) or
Complex-Valued S(2)
Codes (short)
Pseudo Noise (PN) codes
Orthogonal Variable
Spreading Factor
(OVSF) codes
sometimes called
Walsh Codes
Gold Codes
Primary Synchronization
Codes (PSC) and Secondary
Synchronization Codes (SSC)
Type
Scrambling
Codes, DL
Scrambling
Codes, UL
Channelisation
Codes
Synchronisation
Codes
WCDMA Spreading
WCDMA Spreading

WCDMA uses spreading factors 4

WCDMA uses spreading factors 4
-
-
512 to
512 to
spread the base band data over ~5MHz band.
spread the base band data over ~5MHz band.

Spreading factor in
Spreading factor in
dBs
dBs
indicates the process
indicates the process
gain.
gain.

Spreading factor 128 = 21 dB process gain.

Spreading factor 128 = 21 dB process gain.

Interference Margin = Process Gain
Interference Margin = Process Gain
-
-
(Required
(Required
SNR + System Losses)
SNR + System Losses)

Required Signal to Noise Ratio is typically about

Required Signal to Noise Ratio is typically about
5 dB
5 dB

System losses are defined as losses in receiver

System losses are defined as losses in receiver
path. System losses are typically 4
path. System losses are typically 4
-
-
6
6
dBs
dBs
Channel coding and multiplexing example for DTCH and DCCH Channel coding and multiplexing example for DTCH and DCCH

3GPP standards,
3GPP standards,

Release 4
Release 4
provide efficient IP support enabling provision
of services through an all-IP core network

Release 5
Release 5
focus on HSDPA to provide data rates up to
approximately 10 Mbps to support packet-
based multimedia services.

Release 6
Release 6
MIMO systems are the work item which will
support even higher data transmission rates up
to 20 Mbps.

3GPP is a Complex, CDMA Based

3GPP is a Complex, CDMA Based
Wireless System
Wireless System

Offers Increased Capacity over GSM

Offers Increased Capacity over GSM

Supports Packet Data up to High

Supports Packet Data up to High
Rates
Rates

Will Enable a Myriad of New, Data

Will Enable a Myriad of New, Data
Based Wireless Applications
Based Wireless Applications
Commercial Availability
Source: AT&T Wireless, SKT, Samsung, Nokia and QUALCOMM
Always on
packet data
connections
Always on Always on
packet data packet data
connections connections
* Supports up to 2.4 Mbps in a mobile environment using 1.25 MHz of spectrum
** Based on peak data rate of Qualcomms first HSDPA chipset (MSM 6275)
Peak Data Rates
Peak Data Rates
Bandwidth
Bandwidth
P
e
a
k

D
a
t
a

R
a
t
e

(
M
o
b
i
l
e
)
2002 2001 2000 2005 2004 2003
1995 1993
CDMA Based CDMA Based
1xEV 1xEV- -DO DO
Rel 0
2.4 Mbps*
(1.25 MHz)
64 kbps
IS IS- -95A 95A
IS IS- -95B 95B
1X 1X
14.4 kbps
153.6 kbps
(1.25MHz)
IMT IMT- -2000 2000
Technologies Technologies
GSM 1x
TDMA Based TDMA Based
384/384 kbps
(5 MHz)
WCDMA WCDMA
< 160 kbps
EDGE EDGE
TDMA TDMA
GPRS GPRS
< 62.4 kbps
9.6 kbps
GSM GSM
9.6 kbps
HSDPA HSDPA
1.8
Mbps
(5 MHz)
2006
1xEV 1xEV- -DO DO
Rel A
3.1 Mbps**
(1.25 MHz)
HSDPA in W
HSDPA in W
-
-
CDMA
CDMA

High Speed Downlink Packet Access

High Speed Downlink Packet Access
(HSDPA)
(HSDPA)
a packet-based data service in W-
CDMA downlink with data transmission
up to 8-10 Mbps
20 Mbps for MIMO systems over a 5MHz
bandwidth in WCDMA downlink.
HSDPA implementations includes
Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC), Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC),
Multiple Multiple- -Input Multiple Input Multiple- -Output (MIMO), Output (MIMO),
Hybrid Automatic Request (HARQ), Hybrid Automatic Request (HARQ),
Fast cell search Fast cell search
Advanced receiver design. Advanced receiver design.
HSPDA and CDMA2000 1xEV
HSPDA and CDMA2000 1xEV
-
-
DV Comparison
DV Comparison
QoS
QoS
Architecture
Architecture
Software
Upgrade
01010 01010
Software
Upgrade
01010 01010
New Software
01010 01010
New
Terminal
(backward
compatible)
Software
Upgrade
01010 01010
Software
Upgrade
01010 01010
Software
Upgrade
01010 01010
Software
Upgrade
01010 01010
New Software
01010 01010
New Software New Software
01010 01010
New
Terminal
(backward
compatible)
Network Upgrade Comparison
CDMA2000 1x Vs GPRS/WCDMA
Software
Upgrade
01010 01010
New
Terminal
(dual-mode)
MSC
PSTN
BTS
IWF
cdmaOne Network
Enterprise Network
PDSN
Commercial Router
with Modifications
New Channel
Card
CDMA2000 1x Evolution
MSC
PSTN
BSC
BTS
GSM Network
WWW
Enterprise Network
VPN
IP
Backbone
Adding GPRS Data
Modem
Pool
New
Equipment
Non-standard
Router
SGSN
GGSN
GPRS
Backbone
BSC
BSC Upgrade
New cell sites
(in some cases)
GSM/GPRS
BTS
01010 01010
BSC Upgrade
01010 01010
0101 0101
0 0
PSTN
SGSN
WWW
Enterprise Network
VPN
Non-
standard
router
BSC
New
Terminal
(dual-
mode)
More BTSs
(in some cases)
Modem
Pool
GPRS
Backbone
MSC
GGSN
Software
Upgrade
IP
Backbone
GSM/ GPRS
BTS
New
Software
Adding W-CDMA
BSC
WWW VPN
IP
Backbone
Software
Upgrade
01010 01010
New
Terminal
(dual-mode)
Software
Upgrade
01010 01010
Software
Upgrade
01010 01010 01010 01010
New
Terminal
(dual-mode)
MSC MSC
PSTN PSTN
BTS BTS
IWF IWF
cdmaOne Network
Enterprise Network
PDSN
Commercial Router
with Modifications
New Channel
Card
PDSN
Commercial Router
with Modifications
New Channel
Card
PDSN PDSN
Commercial Router
with Modifications
New Channel
Card
CDMA2000 1x Evolution
MSC
PSTN PSTN
BSC
BTS
GSM Network
WWW
Enterprise Network
VPN
IP
Backbone
Adding GPRS Data
Modem
Pool
New
Equipment
Non-standard
Router
SGSN
GGSN
GPRS
Backbone
BSC
BSC Upgrade
New cell sites
(in some cases)
GSM/GPRS
BTS
New
Equipment
Non-standard
Router
SGSN
GGSN
GPRS
Backbone
BSC
BSC Upgrade
New cell sites
(in some cases)
GSM/GPRS
BTS
New
Equipment
Non-standard
Router
SGSN
GGSN
GPRS
Backbone
New
Equipment
Non-standard
Router
SGSN SGSN
GGSN GGSN
GPRS
Backbone
GPRS
Backbone
BSC BSC
BSC Upgrade
New cell sites
(in some cases)
GSM/GPRS
BTS
GSM/GPRS
BTS
01010 01010
BSC Upgrade
01010 01010
0101 0101
0 0
PSTN
SGSN
WWW
Enterprise Network
VPN
Non-
standard
router
BSC
New
Terminal
(dual-
mode)
More BTSs
(in some cases)
Modem
Pool
GPRS
Backbone
MSC
GGSN
Software
Upgrade
IP
Backbone
GSM/ GPRS
BTS
New
Software
01010 01010
BSC Upgrade
01010 01010
0101 0101
0 0
PSTN
SGSN
WWW
Enterprise Network
VPN
Non-
standard
router
BSC
New
Terminal
(dual-
mode)
More BTSs
(in some cases)
Modem
Pool
GPRS
Backbone
MSC
GGSN
Software
Upgrade
IP
Backbone
GSM/ GPRS
BTS
01010 01010 01010 01010 01010 01010
BSC Upgrade
01010 01010 01010 01010
0101 0101
0 0
0101 0101
0 0
PSTN PSTN
SGSN SGSN
WWW
Enterprise Network
VPN
Non-
standard
router
BSC BSC
New
Terminal
(dual-
mode)
More BTSs
(in some cases)
Modem
Pool
GPRS
Backbone
GPRS
Backbone
MSC
GGSN GGSN
Software
Upgrade
IP
Backbone
IP
Backbone
GSM/ GPRS
BTS
GSM/ GPRS
BTS
GSM/ GPRS
BTS
New
Software
Adding W-CDMA
BSC BSC
WWW VPN
IP
Backbone
WWW VPN
IP
Backbone
*usually co-located with 2G/2.5G equipment,
requires separate interface protocols
W-CDMA
BSC*
3G/GPRS
Backbone
New Equipment
New Equipment
New
Equipment
New
Equipment
Upgrade
3G
SGSN*
3G
GGSN*
W-CDMA
BTS*
MSC
*usually co-located with 2G/2.5G equipment,
requires separate interface protocols
W-CDMA
BSC*
3G/GPRS
Backbone
New Equipment
New Equipment
New
Equipment
New
Equipment
Upgrade
3G
SGSN*
3G
GGSN*
W-CDMA
BTS*
MSC
W-CDMA
BSC*
3G/GPRS
Backbone
New Equipment
New Equipment
New
Equipment
New
Equipment
Upgrade
3G
SGSN*
3G
GGSN*
W-CDMA
BTS*
W-CDMA
BSC*
W-CDMA
BSC*
3G/GPRS
Backbone
3G/GPRS
Backbone
New Equipment
New Equipment
New
Equipment
New
Equipment
New
Equipment
Upgrade
3G
SGSN*
3G
SGSN*
3G
GGSN*
3G
GGSN*
W-CDMA
BTS*
W-CDMA
BTS*
MSC MSC
New Terminal
(GSM/GPRS/WC
DMA)
A Comparison with GSM
Thanks
Thanks
D.James
D.James
Sagaya Raj
Sagaya Raj
Off : 0471
Off : 0471
-
-
2526225
2526225
Res
Res
: 0471
: 0471
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2491949
2491949
Mob : 9447491900
Mob : 9447491900
Email :
Email :
jsrdevas
jsrdevas
@yahoo.co.in
@yahoo.co.in