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Contents
Operating System .......................................................................................................................................... 4
History of Operating System......................................................................................................................... 4
1.1) GM-NAA I/O: ................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2) MCP (Master Control Program): ....................................................................................................... 5
1.3) DOS/360: ........................................................................................................................................... 5
1.4) Unix: .................................................................................................................................................. 5
1.5) CP/M (Control program monitor):..................................................................................................... 5
1.6) BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution):............................................................................................. 5
1.7) MS-DOS: ........................................................................................................................................... 5
1.8) Sun OS: .............................................................................................................................................. 5
1.9) Mac OS: ............................................................................................................................................. 5
1.10) OS/2: ................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.11) Linux:............................................................................................................................................... 6
1.12) Sun Solaris: ...................................................................................................................................... 6
1.13) Windows NT: .................................................................................................................................. 6
1.14) Windows 95: .................................................................................................................................... 6
1.15) Java OS: ........................................................................................................................................... 6
1.16) Windows 98: .................................................................................................................................... 6
1.17) MacOS X Server 1.0:....................................................................................................................... 6
1.18) Windows 2000: ................................................................................................................................ 6
1.19) Windows ME: .................................................................................................................................. 7
1.20) Mac OS X Version 10.0: ................................................................................................................. 7
1.21) Windows XP:................................................................................................................................... 7
1.22) Windows Server 2003: .................................................................................................................... 7
1.23) Windows Vista: ............................................................................................................................... 7
1.24) Windows Server 2008: .................................................................................................................... 7
1.25) Windows 7: ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Operating System
Operating system is the main program of a computer system which enables users to
use a computer. It enables users to run all the programs and applications on computer. It enables
the users to operate and manage all parts of computer. It is the main application software of
computer system and without an operating system user cannot operate a computer.
1.3) DOS/360:
It was developed in 1966 by IBM. It was IBM's first successful operating system
which enabled IBM to lead in both hardware and operating system industry.
1.4) Unix:
Unix was developed in 1969 by AT&T lab programmers. It was written in C with
modification and portability facilities.
1.7) MS-DOS:
It was developed in 1981 by Microsoft. It was developed for IBM PCs and widely
used OS for home PCs. Microsoft released a very popular operating system Microsoft Windows
in 1985.It had Graphical User Interface (GUI).
1.10) OS/2:
It was developed in 1987 by Microsoft and IBM both. It was relatively less popular.
1.11) Linux:
It was developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is a very popular open source
operating system. It was developed as free Unix variant.
1.25) Windows 7:
It was developed by Microsoft in 2009. It is currently used by 50% of internet
users. It replace Windows Vista.
1.26) Windows 8:
It was developed by Microsoft in 2012 as a replacement of Window 7.
Depending upon the characteristics and functions , there are a few types of operating
systems in which we can categorize them. the following are some types of operating systems:
1) Real-Time operating system
2) Single User, Single Tasking operating system
3) Single User, Multi Tasking operating system
4) Multi Tasking operating system
5) Embedded operating system
2.1.1) Introduction:
In a soft time real operating system, the time of performing a task is not so
exact and a delay in time is acceptable.
Example: It is used in
i.
websites
ii.
computer games
iii.
networkin
2.1.2.2)Hard RTOS:
In Hard RTOS a task has to be performed within a time deadline,
otherwise a failure in the system can occur. It cannot tolerate delay in time and if the delay
happened than the system will fail. It requires formal verifications to meet bits deadlines.
Examples; It is used in
i.
ii.
2.1.3)Functions of RTOS:
A Real Time operating system performs the following functions;
2.1.3.1)Task Management:
The operation of schedule only takes place on process in the ready state
2.1.3.2)Scheduling:
Another function of RTOS is the scheduling of the tasks. It deals with number of ;
i.
tasks
ii.
resources requirements
iii.
release time
iv.
deadlines
v.
execution
ii.
iii.
Priority scheduling
This
memory
provides
means
to
tasks
for
communicating
data.
Interrupt latency of the RTOS is bounded. All the interrupts are serviced
within a specified time. Whereas in GPOS it takes a variable amount of time to response an
interrupt.
2.1.5) Applications:
Real Time operating systems are used in
i.
ii.
Plant control
iii.
Military systems
iv.
Robotics
v.
RT Linux
VX Works
Windows CE
2.2.1)Introduction:
It is a single user operating system which one user can operate at a time and can
run only one application at a time. It only allows a single task to be performed at a time so that
one user can perform on task effectively.
2.2.2) Examples:
The following operating systems are categorized in this category
MS DOS
Palm OS (used in mobile phones)
2.3.1)Introduction:
It is a single user operating system in which one user can run multiple
applications at a time. For example, while doing searching on internet we can listen the music or
can download some file at the same time. It is the most commonly used operating system and
found on most personal desktop and laptops.
2.3.2) Examples:
The following operating systems are categorized in this category;
Microsoft's windows
Apple's Mac OS X
Linux
It requires a very high performances multiple users has to perform different tasks
or programs. Therefore, multiple user system ensures the access of resources to multiple users so
that a problem with one user does not affect other users.
2.4.2)Applications:
Multi user operating systems are used in
i.
Banks
ii.
Business
iii.
Offices........etc
2.4.3) Examples:
The following operating systems are categorized in this category;
Unix
VMS
MVS
Linux
Solaris
Windows NT
A difference between embedded operating system and standard operating system is that
in standard OS user and computer interact in variety of tasks whereas in embedded OS
user and computer interact in only some specified tasks.
2.5.2) Applications:
These OS are used in
i.
ATM machines
ii.
Automobiles
iii.
Medical equipments
iv.
Cameras
v.
Airplanes
vi.
2.5.3) Examples:
the following operating systems are categorized in this category;
Embedded Linux
Android
i OS
References
1)http//.internationalprogrammersday.org/history-of-operating-systems/.
2)www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-multi-user-operating-system.htm
3) www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-embedded-operating-system.htm
4) www.slideshare.net/Tech-MX/real-time-OS
5) www.ni.com/white-paper/3938/en/
6) www.slideshare.net/fvsandoval/lesson-4-types-of-operating systems