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11th GRADE
Example 1 :
If the number of questions in any exam is (8),
then what is required is solving only five
questions satisfied that three of them must be
out of the first four questions.
Solution :
Let n1 be the number of the
methods for choosing the first three questions
out of the first four and let n2 be the number of
the methods for choosing the last two
questions out of the second four. Realize that
the order is not important because the
answering during exams is not restricted to the
order, thus order is neglected so the solution
must be by combination.
n
1
= C
4
3
=
! 1 !. 3
! 4
= 4 and n
2
=C
4
2
=
! 2 !. 2
! 4
=6
n
1
.n
2
=4.6=24
Example 2 :
In how many ways it is possible to form a
group consisting of 3 men and 2 women from 7
men and 6 women.
Solution :
This example is solved by
combination because the order is not important
C
7
3
= number of ways which we choose three
men among seven men C
6
2
= number of ways
which we choose two women among six
women. So choosing the group can be made by
these number of ways = C
7
3
.C
6
2

=
! 2 !. 4
! 6
.
! 3 !. 4
! 7
= 525 ways

Example 3 :
How many words can be formed using the
letters that the word ZAFER is consisting fom.
Solution :
The number of different letters in
the word ZAFER is five and we want to form
words that each consists of five letters so r =5
then the number of words is
P
5
5
= 5! = 120 words
Note : If the ways of withdraws is not
mentioned, then it is treated as without
replacement and the order is neglected.









Example 4 :
A box contains (7) balls, each ball has one of
the numbers 1,2,7. Find the number of ways
so that 3 balls are drawn in each time for the
following cases:
a. With replacement and attention is given to
the order of arrangement
b. With replacement, without order

c. Without replacement and attention is given
to the order of arrangement
d. Without replacement, and without order
Solution : Since n=7, r=3
a. number of ways = n
r
=73=343
b. number of ways =
( ) ( )
1 9
3
84
n r
r
C C
+
= =

c. number of ways = P
n
r
=P
7
3
=210
d. number of ways = C
n
r
=C
7
3
=35

The number of ways of drawing a
sample whose volume is r from a
group of n elements
With
replacement
Without
replacement
With order
n
r
With order
( )
n
r
P

Without
order
( )
n
r
C

Without
order
( )
1 n r
r
C
+


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11th GRADE
TASK 1
1.A team of football is chosen 11 players out of 25
players. How many numbers of ways are chosen?
(Sampling without replacement and neglecting the order)

2.Suppose that in a deck of 8 cards, each card has one of
the number from 1 to 8.Suppose also that cards are drawn
from the deck one at a time. First card is drawn from it,
then second which is put on the right side of the first and
third is put on the right side of the second. So number is
formed from 3 numbers.
How many numbers of the numbers can be obtained by
this method? [Without replacement with order]
3. A deck contains 10 red balls and 6 white balls ; 4 balls
are drawn without replacement .
a. Describe the sample space, and the number of its
elements
b. Find the numbers of ways of occurrence of each of
the followings.The drawn balls are
i. the same color
ii. Two white and two red
iii. One red ball at least
4.In how many ways a group can be formed consisting of
5 persons in condition that it contains 3 boys and 2 girls
among 7boys and 5 girls
5. In how many ways a group can be formed consisting of
5 persons among 8 men and 6 women providing
a. The group contains only 3 men
b. The group contains at least 2 men and 2
women at least.
SOLUTIONS (TASK 1)
1. The number of ways=
25
11
C =
! 11 ! 14
! 25
= 4457400
2. without replacement & in the order
The number of numbers =
8
3
P
= 8.7.6 = 336

3. a.S = {A=(r,r,r,r),B= (r,r,r,w),
C=(r,r,w,w,),D= (r,w,w,w),E(w,w,w,w)}
#A =
10
4
c = 210
#B = =
6
1
10
3
.c c 120.6 = 720
#C = =
6
2
10
2
.c c 45.15 = 675
#D = =
6
3
10
1
.c c 10.20 = 200
#E =
6
4
c = 15
1820
16
4
= C
b.i. 4red or 4white (disjoint)
#
6
4
10
4
c c + =

225
15 210
=
+ =

ii. 2 red and 2white (independent )
#
6
2
10
2
.c c =
= 45.15
= 675
iii. First way :
(1 red & 3 white) or (2 red & 2white) or
(3 red & 1 white) or (4red). (Disjoint)

# =
10
4
6
1
10
3
6
2
10
2
6
3
10
1
) . ( ) . ( ) . ( c c c c c c c + + +
= 200 + 675 + 720 + 210
= 1805
Second way :
# = all ways (4white)
= 1820 -
6
4
c
= 1820-15 = 1805

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11th GRADE

4. # =
5
2
7
3
.c c

350
) 10 .( 35
=
=

5. a. 3 boys and 3 girls
# =
6
2
8
3
.c c

840
15 . 56
=
=

b. 2 boys at least & 2 girls at least means
(2B - 3G) + (3B 2G)
# =
4
3
7
2
.c c +
4
2
7
3
.c c

294
210 84
=
+ =

Example 5:

Two dice are rolled. What is the probability of
getting 7 or 11 .
Solution :
Let A be the event which
indicates getting 7. And let B be the event
which indicates getting 1. Realize that we can
NOT get 7 or 11 together at the same time.
So A , B are disjoint events A =
{(1,6),(6,1),(2,5),(5,2),(3,4),(4,3)}
B= {(5,6),(6,5)} From probability rules we find
that:
P(A) = 6/36 P(B) = 2/36
P(ab) = P(a) + P(b)
= 6/36 + 2/36

= 8/36

= 2/9

Example 6:
A box contains 28 tickets, of which 16 are white
and 12 are black. If 6 tickets drawn, what is the
probability ratio that all of them are white or 4
white and 2 black.
Solution :
Let A: to opt 6 white tickets
B: to opt 4 white tickets, 2
black tickets. Realize that a,b are two disjoint
events
So P( A B ) = P(A) + P(B)
P(A)= 28
6
16
6
C
C
=22/1035
P(B)=
=
28
6
12
2
16
4
.
C
C C
22/69
So P( A B ) = 22/1035 + 22/69= 352/1035
Example 7:
Suppose that a box contains balls, each ball has
one of the numbers from 1 to 20. Suppose also
that a first ball is drawn and then a second one
at a time, at random, without replacement.
What is the probability ratio that the both
drawn balls are to be odd?
Solution :
According to the first ball,
there were 20 balls in the box 10 balls were
even balls and then the other 10 were odd
balls. Let : A represents the first drawn odd
ball, B represents the second drawn odd ball.
So we want to calculate the probability of both
balls to be odd P(A B) =The probability of
drawing the first ball : P(a)= 20
1
10
1
C
C
=1/2
It is obvious that upon drawing the second ball,
we have just drawn an odd ball, only nine odd
balls were remained in the box.The probability
of drawing the second ball : P(b)= 19
1
9
1
C
C
=9/19
P(ab)=1/2 . 9/19 =9/38


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11th GRADE

TASK 2
1. A box contains ten disks (are symmetric and
have the same weight), each of the disks has one of
the numbers from 1 to 10. If the first disk is drawn
then the second disk is drawn without replacement
of the first disk. What is the probability ratio that
the both drawn balls are to be even?
2. A box contains four red disks, three green disk
and two white disks (all disks are homogeneous and
symmetrical). If three disks are drawn successively,
at a time without replacement. What is the
probability of drawing one disk of each color?
3. If the probability for a man to live 10 extra
years is1/3 and the probability of his wife to live 10
extra years is 1/4 find the following probabilities:
a. Both of them live ten extra years
b. One of them lives at least ten extra years
4. In a small town there are an ambulance and a
fire brigade vehicle also for emergencies, the
probability that the existence of the fire vehicle is
(0.98) when it need, and the probability that the
existence of the ambulance is (0.92) when it need.
In case of building is in fire cause injuries find the
probability of both vehicle existence.
5. The probability of a pupil to pass mathematics is
(2/3) and physics is (4/9) If the probability of
passing a subject at least is (4/5). What is the
probability of the pupil to pass both subjects?
6. Two boxes, each contains (8) white disks and (6)
black disks. What is the probability ratio that
three white disks are drawn from the first box and
two white disks and one black disk are drawn from
the second box?
SOLUTIONS (TASK 2)
1. The number of disks =10,
5 are odd and 5 are even .
A : first drawn disk is even


P(A) =
2
1
10
5
10
1
5
1
= =
C
C

B : Second drawn is even disk
P(B) =
9
4
9
1
4
1
=
C
C

) ( ). ( ) ( B P A P B A P = ( independent )

1 4 2
.
2 9 9
= =
2. First way :
P(each color) =
C
C C C
9
3
2
1
3
1
4
1
. . .


7
2
3 . 2 . 1
7 . 8 . 9
2 . 3 . 4
=
=

Second Way :
A : g w r B : g r w C : r g w
D : r w g E : g r w F : g w r
A: first green P(g) =
9
3
9
1
3
1
=
C
C

second white P(w) =
8
2
8
1
2
1
=
C
C

third red P(r) =
7
4
7
1
4
1
=
C
C

P(A) = P(g) .P(w ).P(r)

21
1
7
4
.
8
2
.
9
3
= =



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11th GRADE

P(B) = P(g) .P(r ).P(w)

21
1
7
2
.
8
4
.
9
3
= =
P(C) = P(r) .P(g ).P(w)

21
1
7
2
.
8
3
.
9
4
= =
P(D) = P(r) .P(w ).P(g)

21
1
7
3
.
8
2
.
9
4
= =
P(E) = P(w) .P(g ).P(r)

21
1
7
4
.
8
3
.
9
2
= =
P(F) = P(w) .P(r ).P(g)

21
1
7
3
.
8
4
.
9
2
= =

P(each color)=P(A)+P(B)+P(C)+P(D)+P(E)+P(F)

21
1
21
1
21
1
21
1
21
1
21
1
+ + + + + =

7
2
21
6
= =
P(each color) =
C
C
C
C
C
C
P
9
1
3
1
9
1
3
1
9
1
3
1 3
3
. . . (shortly)
3. P(m) =
4
1
P(w)=
3
1

a. Probability of both of them to live 10 extra
years
P(m ) w = P(m) .P(w)
1 1 1
.
4 3 12
= =
b. Probability of one of them to live 10 extra
years P(m ) w = P(m)+P(w) P(m ) w
1 1 1
4 3 12
6 1
12 2
= +
= =


4. P(a) =0,98 , P(b) =0,92
P(a ) b = P(a) . P(b) (Independent)
= (0,98) .(0,92)
= 0,9016
5. P(m) =
3
2
, P(f) =
3
4
, P(m ) f =
5
4

P(m ) f = P(m)+ P(f) -P(m ) f
) (
9
4
3
2
5
4
f m P + =
P(m
5
4
9
4
3
2
) + = f

30 20 36 14
45 45
+
= =
6. In the first box P(a) =
13
2
14
3
8
3
=
C
C

In the second box P(b)=
13
6
.
14
3
6
1
8
2
=
C
C C

P(a = ) b P(a).P(b) (disjoint events)

2 6 12
.
13 13 169
= =

TASK 3
1. If the probability of a man to live in15 years
is 1/5 and the probability of his wife to live in 15
years is 1/4. Find :
i. The probability of both to live 15 years later.
ii. The probability of one of them to live 15
years later .
2. A box contains 10 White cards and 8 Black
cards. Find the probability of drawing 4 white
cards or drawing 2 white and 2 black cards.


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11th GRADE

3. How many ways are there to select a
basketball team of 5 players from 10 players
(the selection is without replacement without
replacement and without giving attention to
order) (randomly)
4. A box contains balls each carries a number
from 1 to19, if we draw a ball then the second
one without replacement. Find the probability
that the drawn balls are even balls.
5. 4 lamps are drawn from 12 lamps that
contain 10 defective lamps. Find the probability
of each of the following:
i. all the lamps are undefective.
ii. one of the lamps is defective.
6. 3 students are chosen for a competition
from 12 boy students and 4 girl students what is
the probability of:
i. All chosen students are boy.
ii. Only one of them is boy
7. A deck contains 10 white cards and 5 black
cards. Find the probability ratio of drawing 6
white cards or drawing 3 white cards and 3
black cards.
8. In how many ways we can choose a team of
6 members from 8 female and 5 male. Such
that the team consists of:
i. 4 female only
ii. At least 2 male, 2 female at least.

9. Two boxes, each contains (6) red balls and
(4) white balls. Find the probability ratio that
three red balls are drawn from the first box and
two red balls and one white ball are drawn from
the second box
10. For school cheese team, 4 students will be
chosen from 10 boys and 6 girls. How many
ways are there for each event?
i. All team members are in the same sex
ii. Two members of the team are girl.

11. A box contains 11 balls numbered from 1 to
11, if we draw one ball and the second without
replacement. Find the (probability ratio) of the
two balls that the first is odd and the second is
even.
12. A box contains 14 electric lamps .4 of them
are defective.3 lamps are drawn randomly
together. Find the number of if:
i. If only one of the chosen lambs is defective.
ii. At least one of them is undefective.
13. Two boxes each contain 10 white disks and
5 black disks. Find the probability ratio that 4
white disks are drawn from the first box and 2
white disks and 2 black disks are drawn from
the second box.
14. How many ways are there to choose a team
of 5 person that contains at least 2 boys and 2
girls from 7 boys and 5 girls.
15. If a box contains 28 card. 16 of them are
white and 12 of them are black. Find the
probability ratio of choosing 6 white cards or
4white and two black cards.
16. A box contains (5) white balls and (5) black
balls. Find the ratio of probability drawn (4)
white balls or drawn (3) white balls (1) black
ball.
17. A deck contains ( 8 ) red balls and ( 4 )
white balls , ( 3 ) balls are drawn without
replacement. Find the number of ways of the
occurrence of each the events :
i. The drawn balls are the same color.
ii. The drawn balls are at least ( 1 ) red ball
and at least ( 1 ) white ball
18. A box contains 20 black balls, 6white balls.
If two balls are drown find the probability ratio of
i. Two balls are black
ii. One black and one white
19. A box contains (9) disks (are symmetric and
have the same weight) each of the disks has
one of the numbers from 1 to 9. At the
condition that the disks have different numbers.

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11th GRADE
Find the probability ratio to drawn (3) odd disks
or drawn (2) odd disks and (1) even disk.

20. In how many ways a group can be formed
consisting of 6 person among 7 men and 5
women providing
i. The group contains only (4) men
ii. The group contains at least (3) men and at
least (2) Women

ANSWERS (TASK 3)
1.
20
1
and
5
2
.
2 .
18
4
8
2
10
2
18
4
10
4
.
C
C C
C
C
+
=
102
49

3. 252
4.
19
4

5.
33
16
.
33
14
.
12
4
10
3
2
1
12
4
10
4
= =
C
C C
ii
C
i
C

6.
28
11
and
70
9

7.
1001
282

8.

700 .
5
2
8
4
=
C C

+
C C
5
2
8
4
. 1400 . .
5
3
8
3
5
4
8
2
= +
C C C C

9.
12
1

10. 225
6
4
10
4
= + C C . 675 .
10
2
6
2
= C C
11.
11
3

12. C
4
1 . C
10
2 = 180
C
4
1 . C
10
2 + C
4
2 . C
10
1 + C
4
3 = 360
13.
1183
60

14. 560

15.
1035
352
.
28
6
12
2
16
4
28
6
16
6
= +
C
C C
C
C


16.

42
11
.
10
4
5
1
5
3
10
4
5
4
= +
C
C C
C
C


17

i. C
8
3
+

C
4
3
=60 ii. C
8
1
.C
4
2
+

C
8
2
. C
4
1
=160

18.

i.
25
38
.
26
2
6
2
=
C
C
ii.
65
24
.
26
2
6
1
20
1
10
4
15
4
= +
C
C C
C
C


19.
42
25
.
9
3
4
1
5
2
9
3
5
3
= +
C
C C
C
C


20. i. C
7
4
+

C
5
2
=350 b. C
7
3
C
5
3
+ C
7
4
C
5
2
=700