Current Oil Wells IPR

RAML Field was initially an under-saturated reservoir , once its reservoir pressure dropped
below the reservoir bubble point pressure
b
P ( 925
b
P = psia from the PVT reports ) , it
would be a saturated reservoir .
For such a reservoir , when it is needed to construct an IPR for a well . We must consider two
cases :
I. The Under-saturated Part of the Reservoir Life :
IPR curve for such case involves a straight line ( of constant slope of Productivity Index; J ) at
the early portion when
t b
0.0 q q < < . Note that the flow rate at the bubble point pressure
is denoted as
b
q .On the other hand; the IPR Curve has a curvature portion at the range of
b t max
q q q < < .
There are two possible outcomes to the recorded stabilized flow test data that must be
considered , as shown schematically in Fig 1






1) Recorded Stabilized
wf b
P P > :
To determine the IPR in this case , the following procedure is followed :
Step 1 . Using the stabilized test data point (
o
Q and
wf
P ) calculate the productivity
index J :
r
P
o
wf
Q
J
P
=

Step 2. Calculate the oil flow rate at the bubble-point pressure:
r
(P )
ob b
Q J P =
Where
ob
Q is the oil flow rate at
b
P
Step 3. Generate the IPR values below the bubble-point pressure by assuming different
values of
wf b
P P < and calculating the corresponding oil flow rates by applying the
following relationship:
2
1 0.2 0.8
1.8
b
o ob
JP Pwf Pwf
Q Q
Pb Pb
(
| | | |
= +
(
| |
\ . \ .
(


The maximum oil flow rate (
o max
Q or AOF) occurs when the bottomhole
flowing pressure is zero, i.e.
wf
P 0 = , which can be determined from
the above expression as:
o max
Q
1.8
b
ob
JP
Q = +
It should be pointed out that when
wf b
P P , > the IPR is linear and is
described by:
r
(P )
o wf
Q J P =
2) The Value of the Recorded Stabilized
wf b
P P < :
When the recorded
wf
P from the stabilized flow test is below the bubble-point
pressure, as shown in Fig 1, the following procedure for generating the IPR data is
proposed:
Step 1. Using the stabilized well flow test data and solve for the productivity index J to
give:
2
r
(P ) 1 0.2 0.8
1.8
o
b wf wf
b
b b
Q
J
P P P
P
P P
=
(
| | | |
( +
| |
( \ . \ .


Step 2. Calculate
ob
Q by :
r
(P )
ob b
Q J P =
Step 3. Generate the IPR for
wf b
P P > by assuming several values for
wf
P above the
bubble point pressure and calculating the corresponding
o
Q from:
r
(P )
o wf
Q J P =

Step 4. Calculate
o
Q at various values of
wf
P below
b
P , or:
2
1 0.2 0.8
1.8
b
o ob
JP Pwf Pwf
Q Q
Pb Pb
(
| | | |
= +
(
| |
\ . \ .
(


II. The Saturated Part of the Reservoir Life :
When the reservoir pressure equals the bubble-point pressure, the oil reservoir is referred to
as a saturated oil reservoir. The computational procedure of applying Vogels method in a
saturated oil reservoir to generate the IPR curve for a well with a stabilized flow data point,
i.e., a recorded
o
Q value at
wf
P , is summarized below:
Step 1. Using the stabilized flow data, i.e.,
o wf
Q and P , calculate:
( )
o
max
Q from :
2
max
r r
( ) / 1 0.2 0.8
P P
wf wf
o o
P P
Q Q
(
| | | |
( =
| |
(
\ . \ .


Step 2. Construct the IPR curve by assuming various values for
wf
P and calculating the
corresponding
o
Q from:
2
max
r
( ) 1 0.2 0.8
P
wf wf
o o
r
P P
Q Q
P
(
| | | |
( =
| |
(
\ . \ .



Prediction of Future IPR of the Oil Wells
There are several methods that are designed to address the problem of how the IPR might shift
as the reservoir pressure declines. But here a combination of Fetkovich & Vogel procedures is
used for predicting the future IPR.
The relationship has the following mathematical form:
( )
3
o max o max r r
f
Q =(Q ) (P ) / (P )
p f p
(


where the subscripts f and p represent future and present conditions, respectively. The above
equation is intended only to provide a rough estimation of future
o max
(Q ) .
effect of reservoir pressure on IPR




Current IPR for Well #19

The latest available test point is at 21-Nov-09 ; at this point of time the average reservoir
pressure becomes 959.9903 psi (from
r
P vs. time curve after extrapolating the curve ) .
The test point is :
t
q 64 BPD =
W.H.P 120 PSI =

Procedure :
First we calculate
wf
P from WHP using PIPESIM . Then
ob
J and Q values can be calculated
and the IPR can be constructed .

Data Given :
res
P 959.9903 PSIG =
res
T 165 F =
WHP 120 PSIA =
t
q 64 BPD =
Roughness 0.001 in. =
Tbg Depth 4163 ft =
Tbg Depth 4163 ft =
Tbg ID 2.992 in. =
GOR 1000 SCF / STB = (Average value from production data)
API 35
o
=
W.C 17 % =
Gas Specific Gravity 1.115 = (from Composition Test , Reservoir Engineering data )
Vertical flow correlation = Beggs and Bill Revised Correlation

Calculated Bottom Hole Pressure :
(Image from Excel File Called Raml # 19 PWf)




After running the model , it was found that BHP = 578.6 PSIA. The pressure-elevation profile is
shown below :

Basic Calculations :
The test point is :
t
q 64 BPD =
wf
P 553.5267 PSI =

The results are summarized below :

Parameter Value Units
J 0.188 STB/day/psi
q
b
6.578 STB/day
q
max
103.189 STB/day


Current IPR for Raml #19 :


-4500
-4000
-3500
-3000
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
E
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n
,

f
t

P,psi





Predictive IPR for Raml #19 :
By assuming future values for the reservoir pressure and calculating the corresponding AOF
or
max
Q
Pressure (PSIA) AOF (STB/day)
850 71.63
800 59.72
750 49.21
700 40.01

By using Vogels correlation , IPR can be constructed . hence the reservoir pressure is below
the bubble point pressure


(Back to Excel named Predictive Raml #19 for a good image )

0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Pwf vs. q above Pb
Pwf vs. q below Pb



Current IPR for Raml#21

The latest available test point is at 9-Feb-10 ; at this point of time the average reservoir pressure
becomes 956.2029 psi (from
r
P vs. time curve after extrapolating the curve ) .
The test point is :
t
q 429 BPD =
W.H.P 51 PSI =

Procedure :
First we calculate
wf
P from WHP using PIPESIM . Then
ob
J and Q values can be calculated
and the IPR can be constructed .

Data Given :
res
P 956.2029 PSI =
res
T 165 F =
WHP 51 PSIA =
t
q 429 BPD =
Roughness 0.001 in. =
Tbg Depth 4239.92 ft =
Tbg ID 2.992 in. =
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 20 40 60 80
Pwf (Psi)
q (STB/day)
Pres = 850 Psi
Pres = 800 Psi
Pres = 750 Psi
Pres = 700 Psi
GOR 1000 SCF / STB = (Average value from production data)
API 35
o
=
W.C 26 % =
Gas Specific Gravity 1.115 = (from Composition Test, Reservoir Engineering data )
Vertical flow correlation = Beggs and Bill Revised Correlation

Calculated Bottom Hole Pressure :
After running the model , it was found that BHP = 395.66 PSI. The pressure-elevation profile is
shown below :

(for better image , open Excel Raml #21 Pwf )



Basic Calculations :
The test point is :
t
q 429 BPD =
wf
P 395.66 PSI =

The results are summarized below :

Parameter Value Units
J 1.007 STB/day/psi
q
b
31.418 STB/day
q
max
584.876 STB/day

-4500
-4000
-3500
-3000
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
E
l
e
a
v
a
t
i
o
n

,
f
t

P,psi
Current IPR for Raml #21 :

(for better image , check excel current IPR Raml #21)



Predictive IPR for Raml #21:
By assuming future values for the reservoir pressure and calculating the corresponding AOF
or
max
Q
Pressure (PSIA) AOF (STB/day)
850 301.34
800 251.23
750 207.01
700 168.31

By using Vogels correlation , IPR can be constructed . hence the reservoir pressure is below
the bubble point pressure
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Pwf > 925 Psi
Pwf < 925 Psi



Optimum Tubing Size Determination :
Optimum tubing size is determined normally by finding the maximum flow rate results from the
intersection between IPR and various VLP curves of different tubing sizes.
Here we obtain our VLP curves from PIPESIM ,and then the tubing size yields the maximum
flow rate is chosen to be the optimum.

For Raml # 19 :
VLP for various commercial tubing sizes is summarized below (PIPESIM output):
ID =1.751 '' ID = 1.992'' ID =2.441 '' ID =2.992 ''
q(STB/d) P
wf
(psi) q(STB/d) P
wf
(psi) q(STB/D) P
wf
(psi) q(STB/d) P
wf
(psi)
0.18 1434.17 0.18 1430.73 0.18 1425.95 0.18 1422.16
19.85 607.16 19.85 758.93 19.85 1054.78 19.85 1257.53
39.71 512.81 39.71 479.26 39.71 580.76 39.71 879.22
59.56 535.77 59.56 498.80 59.56 453.51 59.56 592.68
79.41 553.69 79.41 512.86 79.41 462.85 79.41 462.60
99.26 568.57 99.26 524.26 99.26 470.35 99.26 431.31
119.12 581.60 119.12 533.86 119.12 477.71 119.12 434.84
138.97 593.03 138.97 542.59 138.97 484.02 138.97 438.91
158.82 603.52 158.82 550.68 158.82 489.66 158.82 443.32
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 100 200 300 400
P
w
f
,
P
s
i

q, STB/day
Pres = 850 psi
Pres = 800 psi
Pres = 750 psi
Pres = 700 psi
178.67 613.47 178.67 558.33 178.67 494.82 178.67 447.18



The optimum tubing size for Raml # 19 is 2.992 , and the intersection point is 100 BPD flow
rate and bottom hole pressure of 420 PSIA


For Raml # 21 :
VLP for various commercial tubing sizes is summarized below (PIPESIM output):
ID =1.751 '' ID = 1.992'' ID =2.441 '' ID =2.992 ''
q(STB/d) P
wf
(psi) q(STB/d) P
wf
(psi) q(STB/D) P
wf
(psi) q(STB/d) P
wf
(psi)
0.01 1412.22 0.01 1412.16 0.01 1412.24 0.01 1412.29
666.68 791.61 666.68 660.13 666.68 519.70 666.68 437.34
1333.34 1137.80 1333.34 898.66 1333.34 654.21 1333.34 510.19
2000.01 1512.40 2000.01 1154.94 2000.01 795.66 2000.01 586.32
2666.67 1912.06 2666.67 1428.05 2666.67 942.90 2666.67 667.63
3333.34 2338.16 3333.34 1715.83 3333.34 1097.28 3333.34 751.01
4000.01 2800.61 4000.01 2016.89 4000.01 1259.89 4000.01 838.22
4666.67 3312.67 4666.67 2331.12 4666.67 1429.64 4666.67 928.30
5333.34 3883.08 5333.34 2663.24 5333.34 1604.90 5333.34 1021.52
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0 50 100 150 200
IPR
ID = 1.751"
ID = 1.992"
ID = 2.441"
ID = 2.992"
6000.00 4515.01 6000.00 3017.35 6000.00 1785.03 6000.00 1117.70





The optimum tubing size for Raml # 12 is 2.992 , and the intersection point is 1120 BPD flow
rate and bottom hole pressure of 402 PSI (Assuming Productivity Index = 2 STB/D/Psi) ,
because it was found that using PI = 1 STB/D/Psi results in a well which cant produce naturally

0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
IPR
ID = 1.751"
ID = 1.992"
ID = 2.441"
ID = 2.992"