PART A : PELTON TURBINE

OBJECTIVE
To determine the characteristics of Pelton Turbine operation by using several speed.



LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the course, students should were able to apply the knowledge and skills they have
learned to:
Understands the basic operating system of the Pelton Turbine.
Understands the factors which influence the efficiency of turbine.



THEORY

A Pelton Turbine characteristic operation curve can be derived by using the same method as a pump.
It is because the usually assumed as an independent parameter when the plotting of power,
efficiency, torque and discharge are carried out. Mechanical Power, Pm (watt) =Rotation ( , Nm) x
Circular velocity ( , rad/sec). Where T= Force (N) x Radius (m)(Nm) and
min sec/ 60
min / radius 2

(rad/s) where, 1 revolution is equal to 2 radius. Meanwhile, Water Power, Pw = pgHQ where p
water density (100kg/
3
m ), g is gravity constant (9.81 m/
2
s ), H is head at inter point (m) and Q is
flowrate (
3
m /s). Wheel efficiency, 100 x %
Pw
Pm
. To convert the unit of rpm to radians per
minute is given by x rpm = ( x revolution/min) = ( x x 2 radian)/min.



EQUIPMENT

Pelton Turbine
Tachometer
Stopwatch



PROCEDURES

1. The Pelton Turbine equipment was put on the hydraulic bench and the water supply was
connected to the turbine by the provided connecter.
2. The optic tachometer was tighten by using the clip.
3. Firstly, the turbine drum was free from any load (0.00N).
4. The valve controller was fully opened. Then the tachometer was leveled until the rotation
reaches the maximum value of 2000 rotation/minute.
5. The reading of tachometer, flow rate, pressure at inlet point (H) and load,W
2
(N) were
recorded. The brake equipment was put on the turbine.then the brake was leveled on the right
spring at W
1.
The experiment started with the W
1
= 1.0 N .
6. All the readings was recorded in the table 6.1.
7. Step 3-6 were repeated with W varies in the range of 1.5N to 6.0N.

QUESTIONS

1. Plot graph of:
a. The rotation power curve.
b. Efficiency curve.
c. Discharge versus motor speed.

(see the graph on the next page)

2. Give a comment on the graph obtained.
Based on the experiment we have done, the first graph which is the graph rotation
power curve show that at the beginning the rotation is increasing when the power is
increasing but when it reach at the peak it start to decreasing but once again the rotation
increase.
For a second graph which is efficiency graph, the graph show that the efficiency is
increasing when the value of RPM is decreasing. But at one time, the efficiency is decreasing
even when RPM is decreasing. But then the efficiency will increase once again.
For the third graph, which is the discharge versus motor speed, the graph is a linear
graph which the value of RPM is recorded by optic tachometer is decreasing when the
discharge is increasing.


3. Calculate the velocity where the maximum power is reached. Give your comment based on
the level of maximum efficiency.

Mechanical Power, Pm = Rotation x circular velocity
= x

Circular velocity =
105 . 0
74 . 28

= 273.71 rad/s

Value of velocity is influence the value of power. When velocity is increasing, the
power is also increase.

4. State 5 safety factors that have been taken in the experiment.

a) Before switch on the pump, make sure the ball is already lifted.
b) Make sure the data of pressure is only recorded when the highest pitch sound is
produced.
c) When recording RPM, make sure the laser from optic tachometer is attach on the drum
brake.

DISCUSSION
There are a few error occurs in this experiment. The error must be avoided because it will influence
the reading of the data recorded during the experiment. There are a few
The observer or student have a hard time to decide the highest pitched sound which is
produce when valve controller been adjusted.
The student didt follow the safety factor that instructed by lecturer or technician who is
incharged.
Student didt sure to selected the mostly repeated RPM that produce by optic tachometer.
This situation happen because the device show many reading.
To avoid the error from occurs, here are few caution step to follow such as:-
Selected the most careful student among the member group to take role as observer.

CONCLUSION

Based from this carried out experiment, we could see that one of pelton turbine application is
use in electric power supply plant. This happened due to the velocity influence increasing power,
efficiency, torque and discharge are carried out. Firstly, get the value of pressure by the highest
pitched sound produce by turbine. Secondly, get the value of load,W2. Then, get the value of RPM
by record the velocity of drum brake. Finally, get the time of water to reach the fixed volume which
is 5L.

APPENDIX


Measuring cylinder to measure the
volume of water .
Optic tachometer to measure RPM.




Pressure meter head
Procedure how to use optic tachometer




The ball which control outflow and
inflow of the water