INDEX

SR. NO. TOPIC DATE SIGN

1
Object Oriented Databases
Simple Examples
2
Object Oriented Databases
Nested Tables
3
Distributed Databases
Replication
4
Distributed Databases-
Horizontal Fragmentation
5
Distributed Databases - Vertical
Fragmentation
6 XML Databases
7 Temporal Databases
8
Active Databases- Row level
triggers
9
Active Databases- Statement
level triggers
10 Spatial Databases
PRACTICAL NO: 1
SQL> Create or replace type AddrType1 as object(
2 Pincode number(5),
3 Street char(20),
4 City varchar2(50),
5 state varchar2(40),
6 no number(4) )
7 /
Type created.
SQL> create or replace type BranchType as object(
2 address AddrType1,
3 phone1 integer,
4* phone2 integer )
5 /
Type created.
SQL> create or replace type BranchTableType as table of BranchType;
2 /
Type created.
SQL> create or replace type AuthorType as object(
2 name varchar2(50),
3* addr AddrType1 )
4 /
Type created.
SQL> create table authors of AuthorType;
Table created.
SQL> create or replace type AuthorListType as varray(10) of ref AuthorType
2 /
Type created.
SQL> create or replace type PublisherType as object(
2 name varchar2(50),
3* addr AddrType1, branches BranchTableType)
4 /
Type created.
SQL> create table Publishers of PublisherType NESTED TABLE branches
STORE as branchtable
2 /
Table created.
SQL> create table books(
2 title varchar2(50),
3 year date,
4 published_by ref PublisherType,
5* authors AuthorListType)
6 /
Table created.
SQL> insert into Authors
values('Ravi',AddrType1(5002,'sstreet','pune','mha',04));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Authors
values('Ravi',AddrType1(7007,'sstreet','mumbai','mha',1007));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Authors
values('Sanjay',AddrType1(7008,'nstreet','nasik','mha',08));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Authors
values('Jharna',AddrType1(7003,'dstreet','mumbai','mha',1003));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Authors
values('Paul',AddrType1(7008,'sstreet','mumbai','mha',1007));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Authors
values('Eena',AddrType1(7006,'nstreet','mumbai','mha',1006));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Authors
values('Rama',AddrType1(8002,'dstreet','pune','mha',1003));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Authors
values('Jharna',AddrType1(8003,'dstreet','pune','mha',1003));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Publishers
values('Priya',AddrType1(4002,'rstreet','mumbai','mha',03),BranchTableTy
pe(BranchType(AddrType1(5002,'fstreet','mumbai','mha',03),23406,69896)));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Publishers
values('eklavya',AddrType1(7007,'sstreet','mumbai','mha',1007),BranchTab
leType(BranchType(AddrType1(7007,'sstreet','mumbai','mha',1007),4543545,
8676775)));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Publishers
values('john',AddrType1(7008,'sstreet','mumbai','mha',1007),BranchTableTy
pe(BranchType(AddrType1(1002,'sstreet','nasik','mha',1007),456767,7675757
)));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Publishers
values('eklavya',AddrType1(7002,'sstreet','pune','mha',1007),BranchTable
Type(BranchType(AddrType1(1002,'sstreet','pune','mha',1007),4543545,8676
775)));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Publishers
values('william',AddrType1(6002,'sstreet','nasik','mha',1007),BranchTabl
eType(BranchType(AddrType1(6002,'sstreet','nasik','mha',1007),4543545,867
6775)));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into books select 'DSP','28-may-
1983',ref(pub),AuthorListType(ref(aut)) from Publishers
pub,Authors aut where pub.name='john' and aut.name='Eena';
1 row created.
SQL> insert into books select 'compiler','09-jan-
1890',ref(pub),AuthorListType(ref(aut)) from Publi
shers pub,Authors aut where pub.name='william' and aut.name='Jharna';
2 rows created.
SQL> insert into books select 'c','25-may-
1983',ref(pub),AuthorListType(ref(aut)) from Publishers pu
b,Authors aut where pub.name='Priya' and aut.name='Ravi';
2 rows created.
a) List all of the authors that have the same address as their publisher:
SQL> select a.name from authors a, publishers p where a.addr = p.addr;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------
Ravi
Paul
b) List all of the authors that have the same pin code as their publisher:
SQL> select a.name from authors a, publishers p where a.addr.pincode =
p.addr.pincode;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------
Ravi
Sanjay
Paul
c) List all books that have 2 or more authors:
SQL> select * from books b where 1<(select count(*) from table(b.authors));
no rows selected
d) List the title of the book that has the most authors:
SQL> Select title from books b, table(b.authors) group by title having
count(*)=(select max(count(*)
) from books b, table(b.authors) group by title)
2 /
TITLE
--------------------------------------------------
c
compiler
e) List the name of the publisher that has the most branches:
SQL> Select p.name from publishers p, table(p.branches) group by p.name
having count(*)>=all (select
count(*) from publishers p, table(p.branches) group by name);
NAME
--------------------------------------------------
eklavya
f) Name of authors who have not published a book:
SQL> select a.name from authors a where not exists(select b.title from books
b, table(select authors
from books b1 where b.title = b1.title) a2 where a.name = name);
no rows selected
g) Move all the branches that belong to the publisher 'tata' to the publisher
joshi
SQL> insert into table(select branches from publishers where
name='william') select b.* from publishers p, table(p.branches) b where name
= 'eklavya';
2 rows created.
h) List all authors who have published more than one book:
SQL> select a.name from authors a, books b, table(b.authors) v where
v.column_value = ref(a) group b
y a.name having count(*) > 1;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------
Jharna
Ravi
i) List all books (title) where the same author appears more than once on the
list of authors (assuming that an integrity constraint requiring that the name
of an author is unique in a list of authors has not been specified).
SQL> select title from authors a, books b, table(b.authors) v where
v.column_value = ref(a) group by
title having count(*) > 1;
TITLE
--------------------------------------------------
c
compiler
PRACTICAL NO: 2
SQL> create or replace type state61 as object
2 (
3 st_code number(5),
4 st_name varchar2(40),
5 st_district varchar2(50),
6 st_pincode number(7)
7 )
8 /
Type created.
SQL> create or replace type contact_detail61 as object
2 (
3 residence_no number(10),
4 office_no number(10),
5 email varchar2(30),
6 fax number(10),
7 mobile number(10)
8 )
9 /
Type created.
SQL> create or replace type address61 as object
2 (
3 road_no varchar2(7),
4 road_name varchar2(40),
5 landmark varchar2(40),
6 state state61,
7 contact contact_detail61
8* )
9 /
Type created.
SQL> create or replace type staff61 as object(
2 staff_id number(6),
3 staff_name varchar2(40),
4 staff_address address61,
5 staff_deptno number(3),
6 staff_sal number(6),
7 staff_other varchar2(40),
8 dob date,
9 member function getAge return number)
10 /
Type created.
SQL> create or replace type body staff61 as member function getAge return
number as
2 begin
3 return trunc(months_between(sysdate,dob)/12);
4 end getAge;
5 end;
6 /
Type body created.
SQL> create or replace type staffTableType as table of staff61
2 /
Type created.
SQL> create or replace type dept61 as object
2 (
3 dept_id number(3),
4 location varchar2(30),
5 dept_name varchar2(20),
6 emp staffTableType
7 )
8 /
Type created.
SQL> create table dpt_refernce of dept61 nested table emp store as
NTrelation
2 /
Table created.
SQL> insert into dpt_refernce
values(1,'Mumbai','Sales',staffTableType(staff61(1,'EklavyaSingh',addr
ess61('A-1','L.T. road','Status
Hotel',state61(1,'Maharashtra','Mumbai',400092),contact_detail61(289
94177,28182729,'eklavyasingh@yahoo.com',28994177,9818967345)),1,10000,'
HOD','17-aug-1984')));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into dpt_refernce
values(1,'Mumbai','Sales',staffTableType(staff61(2,'SanjayShukla',addr
ess61('C-1','yari
road','',state61(1,'Maharashtra','Mumbai',400069),contact_detail61(26321115
,263317
39,'sanjayshukla@rediffmail.com',26321116,918967345)),1,6000,'HOD','04-
nov-1984')));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into dpt_refernce
values(2,'Mumbai','Accounts',staffTableType(staff61(3,'Sharmila Dave',
address61('C-1','M.G. road','Sanjeevani
Hospital',state61(1,'Maharashtra','Mumbai',400078),contact_d
etail61(28331112,28987058,'sam_dave@hotmail.com',28982430,9833196734)),
2,2000,'clerk','28-sep-1984')
));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into dpt_refernce
values(3,'Mumbai','Purchase',staffTableType(staff61(4,'AnshuDubey',add
ress61('E-2','B.S.road','Vikas
Kendra',state61(2,'Goa','Panji',419832),contact_detail61(26831112,268
97058,'anshudubey@gmail.com',26897059,9820636448)),3,7000,'','09-sep-
1984')));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into dpt_refernce
values(3,'Mumbai','Purchase',staffTableType(staff61(5,'ParthJoshi',add
ress61('E-2','Nehru road','HDFC
Bank',state61(1,'Maharashtra','Vileparle',400056),contact_detail61(2
6149172,26157058,'parthjoshi@yahoo.co.in',26897059,9820739488)),3,9000,'','
29-sep-1985')));
1 row created.
a) Display staff ID and department name of all employees.
SQL> select p.dept_name, q.staff_id from dpt_refernce p,table(p.emp) q;
DEPT_NAME STAFF_ID
-------------------- ----------
Sales 1
Sales 2
Accounts 3
Purchase 4
Purchase 5
b) How many workers are in particular department.
SQL> select p.dept_id,p.dept_name,count(q.staff_id) as
number_of_employees from dpt_refernce p,table
(p.emp) q where p.dept_name='Purchase' group by dept_id,dept_name;
DEPT_ID DEPT_NAME NUMBER_OF_EMPLOYEES
---------- -------------------- -------------------
3 Purchase 2
c) Find department name for particular staff name
SQL> select p.dept_id,p.dept_name from dpt_refernce p,table(p.emp) q
where q.staff_name='EklavyaSing
h';
DEPT_ID DEPT_NAME
---------- --------------------
1 Sales
d) Display department-wise report
SQL> select p.dept_id,p.dept_name,count(q.staff_id) as
number_of_employees from dpt_refernce p,table
(p.emp) q group by p.dept_id,p.dept_name ;
DEPT_ID DEPT_NAME NUMBER_OF_EMPLOYEES
---------- -------------------- -------------------
1 Sales 2
2 Accounts 1
3 Purchase 2
e) Display age and birth date of particular employee
SQL> select q.dob,q.getAge() as Age from dpt_refernce p,table(p.emp) q
where q.staff_name='EklavyaSi
ngh';
DOB AGE
--------- ----------
17-AUG-84 28
PRACTICAL NO: 3
SQL> connect scott/tiger @replic
Connected.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 create table employee(eno number(3),ename varchar2(10),address
varchar2(15),
2* email varchar2(15),salary number(10))
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> connect scott/tiger @replic as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 create public database link r1 connect to scott identified
2* by tiger using 'replic1'
SQL> /
Database link created.
SQL> connect scott/tiger @replic1
Connected.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 create table employee1(eno number(3),ename varchar2(10),address
varchar2(15),
2* email varchar2(15),salary number(10))
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> connect scott/tiger @replic1 as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> create public database link r connect to scott identified by tiger
using'replic' ;
Database link created.
SQL> connect scott/tiger @replic
Connected.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 create or replace trigger trig after insert on employee for each row
2 begin
3 insert into employee1@r1
4 values(:new.eno,:new.ename,:new.address,:new.email,:new.salary);
5* end;
SQL> /
Trigger created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 1
Enter value for ename: anshu
Enter value for address: nsp
Enter value for email: a@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 1000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(1,'anshu','nsp','a@yahoo.com',1000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 2
Enter value for ename: ravi
Enter value for address: mira road
Enter value for email: r@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 8000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(2,'ravi','mira road','r@yahoo.com',8000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 3
Enter value for ename: shree
Enter value for address: bhynder
Enter value for email: s@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 15000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(3,'shree','bhynder','s@yahoo.com ',15000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 4
Enter value for ename: Bhavesh
Enter value for address: vasai
Enter value for email: b@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 3500
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(4,'Bhavesh','vasai','b@yahoo.com',3500)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 5
Enter value for ename: Jharna
Enter value for address: naigaon
Enter value for email: j@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 10000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(5,'Jharna','naigaon','j@yahoo.com',10000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 6
Enter value for ename: karishma
Enter value for address: borivali
Enter value for email: k@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 11000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(6,'karishma','borivali','k@yahoo.com',11000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 7
Enter value for ename: Ivan
Enter value for address: kandivali
Enter value for email: I@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 2000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(7,'Ivan','kandivali','I@yahoo.com',2000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 8
Enter value for ename: shiv
Enter value for address: andheri
Enter value for email: sh@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 13000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(8,'shiv','andheri','sh@yahoo.com',13000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 9
Enter value for ename: rashmi
Enter value for address: jogeshwari
Enter value for email: ra@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 15000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(9,'rashmi','jogeshwari','ra@yahoo.com',15000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 10
Enter value for ename: bhavan
Enter value for address: dahisar
Enter value for email: bh@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 16000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(10,'bhavan','dahisar','bh@yahoo.com',16000)
1 row created.
SQL> select * from employee ;
ENO ENAME ADDRESS EMAIL SALARY
---------- ---------- --------------- --------------- ----------
1 anshu nsp a@yahoo.com 1000
2 ravi mira road r@yahoo.com 8000
3 shree bhynder s@yahoo.com 15000
4 Bhavesh vasai b@yahoo.com 3500
5 Jharna naigaon j@yahoo.com 10000
6 karishma borivali k@yahoo.com 11000
7 Ivan kandivali I@yahoo.com 2000
8 shiv andheri sh@yahoo.com 13000
9 rashmi jogeshwari ra@yahoo.com 15000
10 bhavan dahisar bh@yahoo.com 16000
10 rows selected.
SQL> select * from employee1@r1 ;
ENO ENAME ADDRESS EMAIL SALARY
---------- ---------- --------------- --------------- ----------
1 anshu nsp a@yahoo.com 1000
2 ravi mira road r@yahoo.com 8000
3 shree bhynder s@yahoo.com 15000
4 Bhavesh vasai b@yahoo.com 3500
5 Jharna naigaon j@yahoo.com 10000
6 karishma borivali k@yahoo.com 11000
7 Ivan kandivali I@yahoo.com 2000
8 shiv andheri sh@yahoo.com 13000
9 rashmi jogeshwari ra@yahoo.com 15000
10 bhavan dahisar bh@yahoo.com 16000
10 rows selected.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 select eno,salary from employee union select eno,salary from
employee1@r1
SQL> /
ENO SALARY
---------- ----------
1 1000
2 8000
3 15000
4 3500
5 10000
6 11000
7 2000
8 13000
9 15000
10 16000
10 rows selected.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 select eno,email from employee where salary=15000 union select eno,email
2* from employee1@r1 where salary=15000
SQL> /
ENO EMAIL
---------- ---------------
3 s@yahoo.com
9 ra@yahoo.com
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 select ename,email from employee where eno=10 union
2* select ename,email from employee1@r1 where eno=10
SQL> /
ENAME EMAIL
---------- ---------------
bhavan bh@yahoo.com
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 select ename,address from employee where eno=8 union
2* select ename,address from employee1@r1 where eno=8
SQL> /
ENAME ADDRESS
---------- ---------------
shiv andheri
PRACTICAL NO: 4
SQL> connect scott/tiger @horiz
Connected.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 create table employee(eno number(3),ename varchar2(10),address
varchar2(15),
2* email varchar2(15),salary number(10))
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 1
Enter value for ename: anshu
Enter value for address: nsp
Enter value for email: a@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 1000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(1,'anshu','nsp','a@yahoo.com',1000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 2
Enter value for ename: ravi
Enter value for address: mira road
Enter value for email: r@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 8000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(2,'ravi','mira road','r@yahoo.com',8000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 3
Enter value for ename: shree
Enter value for address: bhynder
Enter value for email: s@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 15000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(3,'shree','bhynder','s@yahoo.com',15000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 4
Enter value for ename: Bhavesh
Enter value for address: vasai
Enter value for email: b@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 3500
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(4,'Bhavesh','vasai','b@yahoo.com',3500)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 5
Enter value for ename: Jharna
Enter value for address: naigaon
Enter value for email: j@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 10000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(5,'Jharna','naigaon','j@yahoo.com',10000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 6
Enter value for ename: karishma
Enter value for address: borivali
Enter value for email: k@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 11000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(6,'karishma','borivali','k@yahoo.com',11000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 7
Enter value for ename: Ivan
Enter value for address: kandivali
Enter value for email: I@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 2000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(7,'Ivan','kandivali','I@yahoo.com',2000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 8
Enter value for ename: shiv
Enter value for address: andheri
Enter value for email: sh@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 13000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(8,'shiv','andheri','sh@yahoo.com',13000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 9
Enter value for ename: rashmi
Enter value for address: jogeshwari
Enter value for email: ra@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 15000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(9,'rashmi','jogeshwari','ra@yahoo.com',15000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 10
Enter value for ename: bhavan
Enter value for address: dhaisar
Enter value for email: bh@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 16000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(10,'bhavan','dhaisar','bh@yahoo.com',16000)
1 row created.
SQL> select * from employee
2 ;
ENO ENAME ADDRESS EMAIL SALARY
---------- ---------- --------------- --------------- ----------
1 anshu nsp a@yahoo.com 1000
2 ravi mira road r@yahoo.com 8000
3 shree bhynder s@yahoo.com 15000
4 Bhavesh vasai b@yahoo.com 3500
5 Jharna naigaon j@yahoo.com 10000
6 karishma borivali k@yahoo.com 11000
7 Ivan kandivali I@yahoo.com 2000
8 shiv andheri sh@yahoo.com 13000
9 rashmi jogeshwari ra@yahoo.com 15000
10 bhavan dhaisar bh@yahoo.com 16000
10 rows selected.
SQL> connect scott/tiger @horiz as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> create public database link link12 connect to scott identified by tiger
using 'horiz1' ;
Database link created.
SQL> connect scott/tiger @horiz
Connected.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1* create table emp1 as select * from employee where salary <=15000
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> select * from emp1
2 ;
ENO ENAME ADDRESS EMAIL SALARY
---------- ---------- --------------- --------------- -----------------------------------
1 anshu nsp a@yahoo.com 1000
2 ravi mira road r@yahoo.com 8000
3 shree bhynder s@yahoo.com 15000
4 Bhavesh vasai b@yahoo.com 3500
5 Jharna naigaon j@yahoo.com 10000
6 karishma borivali k@yahoo.com 11000
7 Ivan kandivali I@yahoo.com 2000
8 shiv andheri sh@yahoo.com 13000
9 rashmi jogeshwari ra@yahoo.com 15000
9 rows selected.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1* create table emp2 as select * from employee where salary>15000
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> select * from emp2;
ENO ENAME ADDRESS EMAIL SALARY
---------- ---------- --------------- --------------- ----------
3 shree bhynder s@yahoo.com 15000
4 Bhavesh vasai b@yahoo.com 35000
5 Jharna naigaon j@yahoo.com 100000
7 Ivan kandivali I@yahoo.com 20000
8 shiv andheri sh@yahoo.com 13000
9 rashmi jogeshwari ra@yahoo.com 150000
10 Bhavan dahisar bh@yahoo.com 160000
7 rows selected.
SQL> select eno,salary from emp1 union select eno,salary from emp2
@link12;
ENO SALARY
---------- ----------
1 10000
2 8000
3 15000
4 35000
5 100000
6 11000
7 20000
8 13000
9 150000
10 160000
10 rows selected.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 select eno,email from emp1 where salary=15000 union
2* select eno,email from emp2 @link12 where salary=15000
SQL> /
ENO EMAIL
---------- ---------------
3 s@yahoo.com
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 select ename,email from emp1 where eno=8 union
2* select ename,email from emp2 @link12 where eno=8
SQL> /
ENAME EMAIL
---------- ---------------
shiv sh@yahoo.com
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 select ename,address from emp1 where eno=7 union
2* select ename,address from emp2 @link12 where eno=7
SQL> /
ENAME ADDRESS
---------- ---------------
Ivan kandivali
PRACTICAL NO: 5
SQL> connect scott/tiger @verti
Connected.
SQL> create table employee(eno number(3),ename varchar2(10),address
varchar2(15),
2 email varchar2(15),salary number(10)) ;
Table created.
SQL> insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2 values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary);
Enter value for eno: 1
Enter value for ename: anshu
Enter value for address: nsp
Enter value for email: a@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 100000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(1,'anshu','nsp','a@yahoo.com',100000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 2
Enter value for ename: ravi
Enter value for address: mira road
Enter value for email: r@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 140000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(2,'ravi','mira road','r@yahoo.com',140000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 3
Enter value for ename: shree
Enter value for address: bhynder
Enter value for email: s@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 15000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(3,'shree','bhynder','s@yahoo.com',15000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 4
Enter value for ename: Bhavesh
Enter value for address: vasai
Enter value for email: b@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 35000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(4,'Bhavesh','vasai','b@yahoo.com',35000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 5
Enter value for ename: Jharna
Enter value for address: naigaon
Enter value for email: j@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 10000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(5,'Jharna','naigaon','j@yahoo.com',10000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 6
Enter value for ename: jarishma
Enter value for address: borivali
Enter value for email: k@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 11000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(6,'jarishma','borivali','k@yahoo.com',11000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 7
Enter value for ename: Ivan
Enter value for address: kandivali
Enter value for email: I@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 2000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(7,'Ivan','kandivali','I@yahoo.com',2000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 8
Enter value for ename: shiv
Enter value for address: andheri
Enter value for email: sh@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 1500000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(8,'shiv','andheri','sh@yahoo.com',1500000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 9
Enter value for ename: rashmi
Enter value for address: jogeshwari
Enter value for email: ra@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 160000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(9,'rashmi','jogeshwari','ra@yahoo.com',160000)
1 row created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 insert into employee(eno,ename,address,email,salary)
2* values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
SQL> /
Enter value for eno: 10
Enter value for ename: Bhavan
Enter value for address: dahisar
Enter value for email: bh@yahoo.com
Enter value for salary: 16000
old 2: values(&eno,'&ename','&address','&email',&salary)
new 2: values(10,'Bhavan','dahisar','bh@yahoo.com',16000)
1 row created.
SQL> select * from employee;
ENO ENAME ADDRESS EMAIL SALARY
---------- ---------- --------------- --------------- ----------
1 anshu nsp a@yahoo.com 100000
2 ravi mira road r@yahoo.com 140000
3 shree bhynder s@yahoo.com 15000
4 Bhavesh vasai b@yahoo.com 35000
5 Jharna naigaon j@yahoo.com 10000
6 jarishma borivali k@yahoo.com 11000
7 Ivan kandivali I@yahoo.com 2000
8 shiv andheri sh@yahoo.com 1500000
9 rashmi jogeshwari ra@yahoo.com 160000
10 Bhavan dahisar bh@yahoo.com 16000
10 rows selected.
SQL> connect scott/tiger @verti1 as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> create public database link a1 connect to scott identified by tiger
2 using 'verti';
Database link created.
SQL> connect scott/tiger @verti;
Connected.
SQL> create table emp1 as select eno,ename,address from employee;
Table created.
SQL> select * from emp1;
ENO ENAME ADDRESS
---------- ---------- ---------------
1 anshu nsp
2 ravi mira road
3 shree bhynder
4 Bhavesh vasai
5 Jharna naigaon
6 jarishma borivali
7 Ivan kandivali
8 shiv andheri
9 rashmi jogeshwari
10 Bhavan dahisar
10 rows selected.
SQL> connect scott/tiger @verti1;
Connected.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1* create table emp2 as select eno,email,salary from employee @a1
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> select * from emp2;
ENO EMAIL SALARY
---------- --------------- ----------
1 a@yahoo.com 100000
2 r@yahoo.com 140000
3 s@yahoo.com 15000
4 b@yahoo.com 35000
5 j@yahoo.com 10000
6 k@yahoo.com 11000
7 I@yahoo.com 2000
8 sh@yahoo.com 1500000
9 ra@yahoo.com 160000
10 bh@yahoo.com 16000
10 rows selected.
SQL> select emp1.eno,emp2.salary from emp2,emp1 @a1
2 where emp1.eno=5 and emp1.eno=emp2.eno;
ENO SALARY
---------- ----------
5 10000
SQL> select emp1.eno,emp2.email from emp2,emp1 @a1
2 where emp1.ename='anshu' and emp1.eno=emp2.eno
3 ;
ENO EMAIL
---------- ---------------
1 a@yahoo.com
SQL> select emp1.ename,emp2.email from emp2 , emp1 @a1
2 where emp1.eno=3 and emp1.eno=emp2.eno;
ENAME EMAIL
---------- ---------------
shree s@yahoo.com
SQL> select emp1.ename,emp2.salary from emp2 , emp1 @a1
2 where emp1.eno=emp2.eno and emp2.salary>2000
3 ;
ENAME SALARY
---------- ----------
anshu 100000
ravi 140000
shree 15000
Bhavesh 35000
Jharna 10000
jarishma 11000
shiv 1500000
rashmi 160000
Bhavan 16000
9 rows selected.
PRACTICAL NO: 6
Create different Types and Tables
SQL> create table emp_xml15(
2 dept_id number(4),
3 employee_spec XMLtype);
Table created.
Insertion of different values in the tables
Table Name1: emp_xml15
Format : emp_xml15 (dept_id, employee_spec)
SQL> insert into emp_xml15 values(1,XMLtype(
2 '<emp id="1">
3 <name> sharmila </name>
4 <email>dave@yahoo.com</email>
5 <acc_no>23456</acc_no>
6 <mgr_email>rekha.shah@hotmail.com</mgr_email>
7 <doj>12/12/2003</doj>
8 </emp>'));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp_xml15 values(1,XMLtype(
2 '<emp id="2">
3 <name> anita </name>
4 <email>ani@yahoo.com</email>
5 <acc_no>234346</acc_no>
6 <mgr_email>rekha.shah@hotmail.com</mgr_email>
7 <doj>2/6/2003</doj>
8 </emp>'));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp_xml15 values(1,XMLtype(
2 '<emp id="3">
3 <name> ekta </name>
4 <email>ektabhatt@yahoo.com</email>
5 <acc_no>2343456</acc_no>
6 <mgr_email>ekta.bhatt@hotmail.com</mgr_email>
7 <doj>24/5/2001</doj>
8 </emp>'));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp_xml15 values(1,XMLtype(
2 '<emp id="4">
3 <name> nancy </name>
4 <email>nancyshah@yahoo.com</email>
5 <acc_no>2343678</acc_no>
6 <mgr_email>ekta.shah@hotmail.com</mgr_email>
7 <doj>21/5/2002</doj>
8 </emp>'));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp_xml15 values(1,XMLtype(
2 '<emp id="5">
3 <name> falguni </name>
4 <email>falgunishah@yahoo.com</email>
5 <acc_no>2343345</acc_no>
6 <mgr_email>falguni.shah@hotmail.com</mgr_email>
7 <doj>1/8/2002</doj>
8 </emp>'));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp_xml15 values(1,XMLtype(
2 '<emp id="6">
3 <name> sweta </name>
4 <email>swetamehta@yahoo.com</email>
5 <acc_no>2343890</acc_no>
6 <mgr_email>sweta.mehta@hotmail.com</mgr_email>
7 <doj>2/1/2001</doj>
8 </emp>'));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp_xml15 values(2,XMLtype(
2 '<emp id="7">
3 <name> aarti </name>
4 <email>aartigupta@yahoo.com</email>
5 <acc_no>23433898</acc_no>
6 <mgr_email>falguni.shah@hotmail.com</mgr_email>
7 <doj>4/9/2002</doj>
8 </emp>'));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp_xml15 values(2,XMLtype(
2 '<emp id="8">
3 <name> sandy </name>
4 <email>sagupta@yahoo.com</email>
5 <acc_no>23567898</acc_no>
6 <mgr_email>sweta.shah@hotmail.com</mgr_email>
7 <doj>4/4/2004</doj>
8 </emp>'));
1 row created.
Firing queries on the created tables
a) Retrieve the names of employee:
SQL> select e.employee_spec.extract('//name/text()').getStringVal()
"EMP_NAME" from emp_xml15 e;
Output:
EMP_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sharmila
anita
ekta
nancy
falguni
sweta
aarti
sandy
8 rows selected.
b) Retrieve the acc_no of employees:
SQL>select e.employee_spec.extract('//acc_no/text()').getStringVal()
2* "Acc_No" from emp_xml15 e;
Output:
Acc_No
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23456
234346
2343456
2343678
2343345
2343890
23433898
23567898
8 rows selected.
c) Retrieve the names, acc_no, email of employees:
SQL> select e.employee_spec.extract('//name/text()').getStringVal()
2 "NAME",e.employee_spec.extract('//acc_no/text()').getStringVal()
3 "ACC_NO",e.employee_spec.extract('//email/text()').getStringVal()
4 "EMAIL" from emp_xml15 e
5 /
Output:
NAME ACC_NO EMAIL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sharmila 23456 dave@yahoo.com
anita 234346 ani@yahoo.com
ekta 2343456 ektabhatt@yahoo.com
nancy 2343678 nancyshah@yahoo.com
falguni 2343345 falgunishah@yahoo.com
sweta 2343890 swetamehta@yahoo.com
aarti 23433898 aartigupta@yahoo.com
sandy 23567898 sagupta@yahoo.com
8 rows selected.
d) Update the 3
rd
record from the table and display the name of an employee:
SQL> update emp_xml15 e set employee_spec=XMLtype('<emp id="3">
2 <name> ekta </name>
3 <email>ektabhatt@yahoo.com</email>
4 <acc_no>2343456</acc_no>
5 <mgr_email>ekta.bhatt@hotmail.com</mgr_email>
6 <doj>24/5/2001</doj>
7 <update>This is the updated record</update>
8 </emp>')
9 where
10 e.employee_spec.extract('//name/text()').getStringVal()
11 ='ekta' ;
1 row updated.
SQL> select e.employee_spec.extract('//name/text()').getStringVal()"NAME",
2 e.employee_spec.getClobVal() "EMP_SPECIFICATION"
3 from emp_xml15 e where
4 e.employee_spec.extract('//name/text()').getStringVal()='ekta ' ;
Output:
NAME
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EMP_SPECIFICATION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ekta
<emp id="3">
<name> ekta </name>
<email>ektabhatt@yahoo.com</email>
<acc_no>2343456</acc_no>
<mgr_email>ekta.bhatt@hotmail.com</mgr_email>
<doj>24/5/2001</doj>
<update>This is the updated record</update>
</emp>
e) Delete the 4
th
record from the table:
SQL> delete from emp_xml15 e
2 where e.employee_spec.extract('//name/text()').getStringVal()
3 ='nancy ';
1 row deleted.
SQL> select e.employee_spec.extract('//name/text()').getStringVal() "NAME"
from emp_xml151 e;
Output:
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sharmila
anita
ekta
falguni
sweta
aarti
6 rows selected.
PRACTICAL NO: 7-A
SQL> create table customer
2 (
3 cust_name varchar(10),
4 customer_no number(5),
5 open_date timestamp(2),
6 transac_time timestamp(2)
7 )
8 ;
Table created.
SQL> insert into customer values('keyur',1,'12-aug-2011 1.00.00.000000
pm','14-sep-2012 10.00 am');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into customer values('shlok',2,'18-feb-1983 8.45.00.000000
pm','14-jan-2011 9.23.01 am'
);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into customer values('shruti',2023,'16-jan-2000 10.30.00.000000
am','10-june-2004 3.30 p
m');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into customer values('dhara',2002,'23-feb-1992 5.30.00.000000
pm','13-dec-2006 12.00 pm'
);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into customer values('akash',2012,'24-sep-2002 4.30.00.000000
pm','12-july-2005 9.30 am'
);
1 row created.
SQL> select * from customer;
CUST_NAME CUSTOMER_NO
---------- -----------
OPEN_DATE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TRANSAC_TIME
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
keyur 1
12-AUG-11 01.00.00.00 PM
14-SEP-20 12.10.00.00 AM
shlok 2
18-FEB-83 08.45.00.00 PM
14-JAN-20 11.09.23.01 AM
CUST_NAME CUSTOMER_NO
---------- -----------
OPEN_DATE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TRANSAC_TIME
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
shruti 2023
16-JAN-00 10.30.00.00 AM
10-JUN-20 04.03.30.00 PM
dhara 2002
23-FEB-92 05.30.00.00 PM
CUST_NAME CUSTOMER_NO
---------- -----------
OPEN_DATE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TRANSAC_TIME
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
13-DEC-20 06.12.00.00 PM
akash 2012
24-SEP-02 04.30.00.00 PM
12-JUL-20 05.09.30.00 AM
SQL> select * from customer where to_char(open_date,'HH.MI AM')
2 LIKE '10.30 am'
3 ;
no rows selected
SQL> select * from customer where to_char(open_date,'hh.mi am') like '10.30
am';
CUST_NAME CUSTOMER_NO
---------- -----------
OPEN_DATE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TRANSAC_TIME
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
shruti 2023
16-JAN-00 10.30.00.00 AM
10-JUN-20 04.03.30.00 PM
SQL> select * from customer where to_char(transac_time,'hh.mi am') like
'8.46 pm';
no rows selected
SQL> select * from customer where to_char(transac_time,'hh.mi pm') like
'8.46 pm';
no rows selected
SQL> select * from customer where to_char(open_date,'dd-mm-yyyy hh.mi
am') like '27-10-1999 11.30 am;
no rows selected
SQL> select * from customer where to_char(open_date,'dd')='18';
CUST_NAME CUSTOMER_NO
---------- -----------
OPEN_DATE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TRANSAC_TIME
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
shlok 2
18-FEB-83 08.45.00.00 PM
14-JAN-20 11.09.23.01 AM
SQL> select * from customer where to_char(open_date,'yy')='92';
CUST_NAME CUSTOMER_NO
---------- -----------
OPEN_DATE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TRANSAC_TIME
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
dhara 2002
23-FEB-92 05.30.00.00 PM
13-DEC-20 06.12.00.00 PM
SQL> select count(open_date) from customer where
to_char(open_date,'mm')='02';
COUNT(OPEN_DATE)
----------------
2
PRACTICAL NO: 7-B
Table definition :
SQL> Create table tbl_shares15
2 (
3 cname varchar2(20),
4 nofshares number(5),
5 pricepshare number(5),
6 transtime timestamp(6)
7 );
Table created.
Insertion of different values in the tables
Table Name: tbl_shares15
Format : tbl_shares(cname, noofshares, pricepshare , transtime)
SQL> insert into tbl_shares15 values(Reliance
Infocom,250,25,systimestamp);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into tbl_shares15 values('Tata',205,20,'05-jun-04 11.45.00.000000
am');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into tbl_shares15 values('Wipro',250,25,'10-mar-03
06.15.00.000000
pm');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into tbl_shares15 values('Patni',115,15,'08-may-01
07.25.00.000000
am');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into tbl_shares15 values('TCS',140,12,'14-apr-05 05.30.00.000000
pm');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into tbl_shares15 values('Google',310,30,'12-sep-03
10.30.00.000000
am');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into tbl_shares15 values('Hero Honda',100,250,'21-aug-04
05.30.00.000000 pm');
1 row created.
SQL> select * from tbl_shares15;
Output:
CNAME NOFSHARES PRICEPSHARE TRANSTIME
------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- --------------------
Infosys 110 10 01-JAN-03
04.00.00.000000 PM
Tata 205 20 05-JUN-04
11.45.00.000000 AM
Wipro 250 25 10-MAR-03
06.15.00.000000 PM
Patni 115 15 08-MAY-01
07.25.00.000000 AM
TCS 140 12 14-APR-05
05.30.00.000000 PM
Google 310 30 12-SEP-03
10.30.00.000000 AM
Hero Honda 100 250 21-AUG-04
05.30.00.000000 PM
5 rows selected.
QUERIES :
1) Find all the names of a company whose share price is more than Rs.100 at
11:45 A.M.
SQL> select cname from tbl_shares15
2 where pricepshare>15
3 and to_char(transtime,'HH12:MI:AM')='11:45:AM'
SQL> /
Output:
cname
--------------------
Tata
2) Find the name of company which has highest shares price at 5.00 P.M.
SQL> select cname from tbl_shares15 where pricepshare in
2 (select max(pricepshare) fromtbl_shares15
3 where to_char(transtime,'HH12:MI:AM')='05:30:PM')
SQL> /
Output:
cname
--------------------
Hero Honda
PRACTICAL NO: 8
Create different Types and Tables
SQL> create table Empl(
eno number(8) primary key,
ename varchar(20),
hrs number(8),
pno number(8),
super_no number(8) CONSTRAINT sup UNIQUE
);
Table created.
SQL> create table project(
pno number(8) primary key,
pname varchar(20),
thrs number(8),
super_no number(8) CONSTRAINT supfk references empl(super_no)
);
Table created.
Insertion of different values in the tables
Table Name1: Empl
Format : Empl(eno, ename, hrs, pno , super_no)
SQL> insert into Empl values(1,'ekta',7,10,1001);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Empl values(2,'sweta',5,20,1002);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Empl values(3,'sharmila',3,10,1003);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Empl values(4,'anita',1,20,1004);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Empl values(5,'sandeep',5,30,1005);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Empl values(6,'gautam',8,40,1006);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Empl values(7,'akshay',3,30,1007);
1 row created.
SQL>insert into Empl values(8,'sagar',12,40,1008);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Empl values(9,'aarti',1,10,1009);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Empl values(10,'bhakti',9,20,1010);
1 row created.
Table Name2: Project
Format : Project(pno, pname, thrs ,super_no)
SQL> insert into project values(10,'distributed',10,1001);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into project values(20,'parallel',6,1002);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into project values(30,'active',5,1005);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into project values(40,'temporal',5,1008);
1 row created.
Firing queries on the created tables
Create trigger according to events specified.
a) Creating a trigger to insert new employee tuple and display the new
total hours from project table.
Event1: Insert a new employee tuple
Event: New Employee is assigned to a project
Condition: pno value is not Null when emp is assigned to a project
Action: update the total thrs of project by adding hrs to old thrs.
Trigger:
SQL> create or replace Trigger thrs
after insert on Empl
for each row
when(New.pno IS NOT NULL)
begin
update project
set thrs=thrs + :New.hrs
where pno=:New.pno;
end;
Trigger created.
/*Inserting values in Empl to so that trigger will be fired on project table
&will update thrs value since trigger is fired after inserting value in empl
table*/
SQL> insert into Empl values(11,'nancy',4,30,1011);
1 row created.
Output:
SQL> select * from project;
PNO PNAME THRS SUPER_NO
---------- ------------------- ---------- -----------------
10 distributed 10 1001
20 parallel 6 1002
30 active 9 1005
40 temporal 5 1008
b) Creating a trigger to change the hrs of existing employee and display
the new total hours from project table.
Event2: Changing the hrs of existing employee.
Event: employee is assigned new hrs
Condition: pno value is not NULL when emp is assigned new hrs.
Action: update thrs of project by adding hrs to thrs & subtract old hrs
from it.
Trigger:
SQL> create Trigger thrs1
after update of hrs on Empl
for each row
when(New.pno IS NOT NULL)
begin
update project
set thrs=thrs+:New.hrs-:Old.hrs
where pno=:New.pno;
end;
Trigger created.
SQL> update Empl
set hrs=10
where eno=11;
1 row updated.
Ouput:
SQL> select * from project;
PNO PNAME THRS SUPER_NO
---------- ------------------- ---------- -----------------
10 distributed 10 1001
20 parallel 6 1002
30 active 15 1005
40 temporal 5 1008
C) Creating a trigger to change the project of an employee and display the
new total hours from project table.
Event3: Changing the project of an employee.
Event: Change of Project
Condition: No condition
Action: update the thrs of new project by adding new hrs & subtract old
hrs from thrs from old project.
Trigger:
SQL> create Trigger thrs2
after update of pno on Empl
for each row
when(New.pno IS NOT NULL)
begin
update project
set thrs=thrs+:New.hrs-:Old.hrs
where pno=:New.pno;
end;
Trigger created.
SQL> update Empl
set pno=10
where eno=2;
1 row updated.
SQL> update Empl
set pno=20
where eno=7;
1 row updated.
Output:
Same output for 2 update:
SQL> select * from project;
PNO PNAME THRS SUPER_NO
---------- ------------------- ---------- -----------------
10 distributed 10 1001
20 parallel 6 1002
30 active 15 1005
40 temporal 5 1008
d) Creating a trigger to delete the project of an employee.
Event4: Deleting 1 or more project of an employee.
Event: Deleting the project.
Condition: OLD.pno is not NULL.
Action: update the thrs by subtracting old hrs.
Trigger:
SQL> create trigger thrs4
after delete on Empl
for each row
when(OLD.pno IS NOT NULL)
begin
update project
set thrs=thrs-:OLD.hrs
where pno=:OLD.pno;
end;
Trigger created.
SQL> delete from Empl where eno=11;
1 row deleted.
SQL> select * from project;
PNO PNAME THRS SUPER_NO
---------- ------------------- ---------- -----------------
10 distributed 10 1001
20 parallel 6 1002
30 active 5 1005
40 temporal 5 1008
PRACTICAL NO: 9
Create different Types and Tables
SQL> create table Empl(
eno number(8) primary key,
ename varchar(20),
hrs number(8),
pno number(8),
super_no number(8) CONSTRAINT sup UNIQUE
);
Table created.
SQL> create table project(
pno number(8) primary key,
pname varchar(20),
thrs number(8),
super_no number(8) CONSTRAINT supfk references empl(super_no)
);
Table created.
Insertion of different values in the tables
Table Name1: Empl
Format : Empl(eno, ename, hrs, pno , super_no)
SQL> insert into Empl values(1,'ekta',7,10,1001);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Empl values(2,'sweta',5,20,1002);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Empl values(3,'sharmila',3,10,1003);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Empl values(4,'anita',1,20,1004);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Empl values(5,'sandeep',5,30,1005);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Empl values(6,'gautam',8,40,1006);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Empl values(7,'akshay',3,30,1007);
1 row created.
SQL>insert into Empl values(8,'sagar',12,40,1008);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Empl values(9,'aarti',1,10,1009);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Empl values(10,'bhakti',9,20,1010);
1 row created.
Table Name2: Project
Format : Project(pno, pname, thrs ,super_no)
SQL> insert into project values(10,'distributed',10,1001);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into project values(20,'parallel',6,1002);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into project values(30,'active',5,1005);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into project values(40,'temporal',5,1008);
1 row created.
Firing queries on the created tables
SQL> select * from Empl where pno=10;
ENO ENAME HRS PNO SUPER_NO
---------- ---------- --------------- --------------- -----------------------------------
1 ekta 7 10 1001
3 sharmila 3 10 1003
9 aarti 1 10 1009
Create trigger according to events specified.
a) Creating a trigger to increase hours of all employees working on the
project number 10 by 2.
Event1: Changing the hrs of existing employee.
Event: Employee is assigned new hrs
Condition: pno value is not NULL when emp is assigned new hrs.
Action: Update thrs of employees working on project number 10 by 2
Trigger:
SQL> create Trigger thrs
after update of hrs on Empl
for each statement
when(New.pno IS NOT NULL)
begin
update Empl
set hrs=:hrs+2;
where pno=10;
end;
Trigger created.
SQL> select * from Empl where pno=10;
ENO ENAME HRS PNO SUPER_NO
---------- ---------- --------------- --------------- -----------------------------------
1 ekta 9 10 1001
3 sharmila 5 10 1003
9 aarti 3 10 1009
PRACTICAL NO: 10
SQL> create table university_15 (
2 mkt_id number primary key,
3 name varchar2(32),
4 shape mdsys.sdo_geometry);
Table created.
SQL> insert into university_15 values(
2 1,
3 'abc',
4 mdsys.sdo_geometry(
5 2003, -- 2-dimensional polygon
6 null,
7 null,
8 mdsys.sdo_elem_info_array(1,1003,3), -- one rectangle (1003 =exterior)
9 mdsys.sdo_ordinate_array(1,1, 5,7)
10 -- only 2 points needed to
11 -- define rectangle (lower left and upper right) with
12 -- cartesian-coordinate data
13 )
14 );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into university_15 values(
1 2,
2 'pqr',
3 mdsys.sdo_geometry(
4 2003, -- 2-dimensional polygon
5 null,
6 null,
7 mdsys.sdo_elem_info_array(1,1003,1),
8 -- one polygon (exterior polygon ring)
9 mdsys.sdo_ordinate_array(5,1, 8,1, 8,6, 5,7, 5,1)
10 )
11 );
1 row created.
insert into university_15 values(
1 3,
2 'mno',
3 mdsys.sdo_geometry(
4 2003, -- 2-dimensional polygon
5 null,
6 null,
7 mdsys.sdo_elem_info_array(1,1003,1),
8 -- one polygon (exterior polygon ring)
9 mdsys.sdo_ordinate_array(3,3, 6,3, 6,5, 4,5, 3,3)
10 )
11 );
1 row created.
SQL>insert into university_15 values(
1 4,
2 xyz,
3 mdsys.sdo_geometry(
4 2003, -- 2-dimensional polygon
5 null,
6 null,
7 mdsys.sdo_elem_info_array(1,1003,4), -- one circle
8 mdsys.sdo_ordinate_array(8,7, 10,9, 8,11)
9 )
10 );
1 row created.
SQL>insert into user_sdo_geom_metadata values (
1 university_15,
2 shape,
3 mdsys.sdo_dim_array(
4 mdsys.sdo_dim_element(x, 0, 20, 0.005),
5 mdsys.sdo_dim_element(y, 0, 20, 0.005)
6 ),
7 null -- srid
8 );
1 row created.
SQL > create index university_spatial_idx
on university_15(shape)
indextype is mdsys.spatial_index;
Index created.
1) Find the topological intersection of two geometries.
SQL> select sdo_geom.sdo_intersection(c_a.shape, c_c.shape, 0.005)
from university_15 c_a, university_15 c_c
where c_a.name = 'abc' and c_c.name = 'mno';
Output:
SDO_GEOM.SDO_INTERSECTION(C_A.SHAPE,C_C.SHAPE,0.005)(SDO
_GTYPE, SDO_SRID, SDO_PO
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SDO_GEOMETRY(2003, NULL, NULL, SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY(1,
1003, 1), SDO_ORDINATE_ARR
AY(4, 5, 3, 3, 5, 3, 5, 5, 4, 5))
2) Find whether two geometric figures are equivalent to each other.
SQL>select sdo_geom.relate(c_b.shape, 'anyinteract', c_d.shape, 0.005)
from university_15 c_b, university_15 c_d
where c_b.name = 'pqr' and c_d.name = 'xyz';
Output:
SDO_GEOM.RELATE(C_B.SHAPE,'ANYINTERACT',C_D.SHAPE,0.005)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FALSE
SQL>select sdo_geom.relate(c_b.shape, 'anyinteract', c_a.shape, 0.005)
from university_15 c_b, university_15 c_a
where c_b.name = 'pqr' and c_a.name = 'abc';
Output:
SDO_GEOM.RELATE(C_B.SHAPE,'ANYINTERACT',C_A.SHAPE,0.005)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TRUE
3) Find the areas of all direction locations.
SQL>select name, sdo_geom.sdo_area(shape, 0.005) from university_15;
Output:
NAME SDO_GEOM.SDO_AREA(SHAPE,0.005)
-------------------------------- ------------------------------
abc 24
pqr 16.5
mno 5
xyz 12.5663706
4) Find the area of only one location abc.
SQL>select c.name, sdo_geom.sdo_area(c.shape, 0.005) from university_15 c
where c.name = 'abc';
Output:
NAME SDO_GEOM.SDO_AREA(C.SHAPE,0.005)
-------------------------------- --------------------------------
abc 24
5) Find the distance between two geometries.
SQL>select sdo_geom.sdo_distance(c_b.shape, c_d.shape, 0.005)
from university_15 c_b, university_15 c_d
where c_b.name = 'pqr' and c_d.name = 'xyz';
Output:
SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE(C_B.SHAPE,C_D.SHAPE,0.005)
------------------------------------------------
.846049894