International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences.

Available online at www.ijagcs.com

IJACS/2012/4-15/1122-1128
ISSN 2227-670X 2012 IJACS Journal


Study on allelopathic effect of Moringa oleifera on
the growth and productivity of mungbean


Md. Moktar Hossain*, Giashuddin Miah, Tofayel Ahamed, Noor Shaila Sarmin

Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University,
Gazipur-1706. Bangladesh

*Corresponding author email:mmoktar58@yahoo.com

ABSTERACT: The co-existence of perennial plants with agricultural crops, their allelopathic compatibility
may be crucial to determine the success of an agroforestry system. The objectives of the study were to
examine the allelopathic effect of different concentrations of root aqueous extract on the growth and yield
of BU Mung 4 in pot condition at open field. There were six treatments having different concentrations of
extracts (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 and 15.0%) of these plant parts and one control treatment (distilled
water). Growth and yield performances experiment were conducted with root extract only having four
different concentrations (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%) and one control treatment. The experiments were
conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Different concentrations of root
extracts showed negative effect on the performance of mungbean. Shorter plant was observed when
treated with 7.5 and 10.0% aqueous extracts, while number of leaves per plant decreased irrespective
concentrations. Mungbean dry weight was 9, 13, 31 and 40%; number of pods per plants were 27, 30, 31
and 40%; and seed yield per plants were 23, 24, 34 and 43% lower than the control (pot treated) with 2.5,
5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root aqueous extract, respectively. Number of weed found in 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%
root extracts treated pots were 68, 72, 73 and 62% lower than control pot. Therefore, the study revealed
that allelochemicals released from different plant parts of M. oleifera impeded the rate of germination in
laboratory condition, and similarly root extract impeded the growth and yield of mungbean in pot
condition. Similarly, M. oleifera showed sharp weed growth inhibitory/ suppression effect.

Key words: Agroforestry; Allelopathy; Biomas production; Growth inhibition; Intercropping

INTRODUCTION

Agroforestry is a collective name for land-use systems and technologies, where woody perennials
(trees, shrubs, palms, bamboos, etc.) are deliberately used on the same land management unit as agricultural
crops and/or animals, either in some form of spatial arrangement or temporal sequence. In agroforestry systems
there are both ecological and economical interactions between the different components. (ICRAF, 1993).
Agroforestry is a modern tool to develop sustainable land use and to increase food production by growing woody
species (trees, shrubs, palms; bamboos, etc.) with agricultural crops and/or animals in some form of spatial
arrangement or temporal sequence (Rizvi et al., 1999). Since two or more components co-exist in agroforestry
systems, there must have either positive or negative interactions between or among the components. To optimize
the gains of agroforestry, selection of suitable agroforestry species is very important and such selection should be
based on a number of important characters of agroforestry species especially tree component such as fast growth
rate, thorough passage of sunlight through canopy to the ground, rooting pattern and multipurposeness. Plants are
known to synthesize allelochemicals that affect germination, growth, metabolism, development, distribution,
behavior, and reproduction of other organisms (Narwal et al., 1997). Allelopathic compounds play important roles in
the determination of plant diversity, dominance, succession, and climax of natural vegetation and in the plant
productivity of agroecosystems. Allelopathy also may be one of several attributes which enable a plant to establish
in a new ecosystem. This type of interaction was named phytochemical ecology/ecological biochemistry by
Harborne (1977). In fact, these allelopathic interactions in tree-crop association in agroforestry system can have
significant bearing on crop production under integrated land use systems rather than agriculture alone (Bhatt and
Intl J Agri Crop Sci. Vol., 4 (15), 1122-1128, 2012
1123

Todaria, 1990). In general, leaves are the most potent source of allelochems, however, the toxic metabolites are
also distributed in all other plant parts in various concentrations. The presence of these allelochemicals often
imparts plant resistance to pathogens, insects, nematodes, and reduces infestation of weeds (Copping, 1996).
Most of the agroforestry species produce a good amount of leaf, litter and debris that are rich in allelochemical
content. Agroforestry researchers had not paid due attention on allelopathic properties of agroforestry species. Puri
and Bangawa (1992) have found that neem has no effect on the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) if grown 5 m
apart from the main stem. Some studies suggest a direct role of neem allelochemicals on crop plants. Melkania
(1984) found inhibition of germination of seeds of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli), buckwheat (Fagopyrum
sagttatum), soybean (Glycine max), and turnip (Brassica napa) by leachates of leaf, wood, and leaf litter. Maize
(Zea mays), mustard (Brassica campestris), pea (Pisum sativum), and wheat germination was also inhibited by
litter extract (Joshi and Prakash, 1992). However, detailed information about the allelopathic effects of agroforestry
species (tree species) on other components (annual plants) is limited. Such information would prove useful to
identify 'allelopathically compatible' agroforestry species (having either beneficial or at least no adverse effect on
companion crop) or 'incompatible' ones with inhibitory effects. This kind of knowledge would greatly facilitate
formulation of agroforestry systems with higher yields by avoiding harmful allelopathic interactions and through
exploitation of beneficial effects of particular agroforestry species.
Moringa oleifera (Drumstick) is an important vegetable in Bangladesh, and it has high medicinal values.
Its annual production is comparatively higher than many other secondary vegetables. Most of the parts of M.
oleifera have medicinal value. More than 300 diseases including cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure can be
controlled or cured by M. oleifera (Anon., 2009). Seeds of M. oleifera are used for water purification in some African
countries. Modern research revealed that all kinds of nutrients and amino acids needed for human body are
available in M. oleifera leaves. In M. oleifera leaves, there are seven times more vitamin C than orange, 4 times
more calcium and 2 times more protein than milk, 4 times more vitamins than carrot, 3 times more potassium than
banana, 3 times more iron than Indian spinach (Anon., 2010). M. oleifera roots are important agents for healing
and nourishment. The roots are used to create medicines, perfumes, natural pesticides, fertilizers, cleaning agents,
animal fodder and many other important products. The roots can also be used in cooking and in water purification.
M. oleifera roots are especially useful in the realm of medicine. The antibiotic properties found in the roots are used
to treat a variety of illnesses. These include asthma, circulatory/endocrine disorders, digestive disorders,
inflammation, nervous disorders, reproductive health, skin disorders and additional gene strengthens the immune
system. Its production cost is low or minimum and can be grown with minimum care and fertilization. Most of the
plants are grown beside the roads, ponds, canals, or ails (boundaries) of the agriculture crop fields and
homesteads. Although Moringa oliefera is not cultivated commercially in large scale, but its level of demand as
nutritive vegetable is high. Leaves, flowers and unripe fruits are used as vegetables, while roots and barks are
used as medicine. Therefore, there is an ample scope to expand Moringa oliefera cultivation through agroforestry
practices. On the otherhand, Mungbean, Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek, is one of the important pulse crops in
agroforestry system because of its short duration, protein riched and nitrogen fixing character. The main
characteristics of mungbean i.e reducing fertilizer needs, improving soil structure and providing plant protein are
particularly important for developing countries where agricultural production is often limited due to the lack of
supply of N fertilizer to the agricultural field. In Bangladesh, mungbean is one of the tasty and nutritive pulse crops.
Its economic value is comparatively higher than other pulses.
Due to the higher nutritive and economic value both the M. oleifera and mungbean in Bangladesh
perspective may be grown in the same field in agroforestry system but there might have some questions whether
M. oleifera may cause the yield deduction of mungbean because of its allelopathic effect. However, the
allelopathic effect of M oleifera should be tested before its commercial cultivation with other crop including
mungbean. With this view in mind the present study was conducted to examine the effect of different
concentrations of extracts of different parts of M. oleifera i.e.; leaf, bark, seed, fruit kernel and root of M. oliefera on
germination of mungbean as well as the effect of the root extracts on germination, growth and yield of mungbean in
pot condition. Considering the above facts and observation, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the
effect of different concentrations of root aqueous extracts on growth and yield of BU Mung 4 in pot condition.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Experimental site
The experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Agricultural University, Gazipur during the period from March, 2010 to June 2010. Leaves, barks, fruit kernels,
seeds and roots of M. oleifera and BU Mung 4 were used as experimental materials. Leaves, barks, fruit kernels,
Intl J Agri Crop Sci. Vol., 4 (15), 1122-1128, 2012
1124

seeds and roots of M. oleifera were collected from the BSMRAU campus on July, 2009 and were sun dried on a
threshing floor for seven days. The dried plant parts were then ground to make powder using an electrical grinder.
The seed of BU Mung 4 was collected from the Department of Agronomy, BSMRAU.

Experimental materials
Five different parts of M. oleifera such as leaf, bark, fruit kernel, root and seed were used to make the
aqueous extracts. Aqueous extracts were prepared mixing dried and ground plant parts and distilled water. Glass
beakers were sterilized, and then 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 g powder of respective plant parts were placed and
then distilled water was added up to 1 liter mark to make 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 and 15.0% extracts, respectively.
To ensure good mixing, all mixtures (powder + water) were shaken for about five hours. After that, filtration was
done using Buchner funnel containing 3 layers of Whatman filter paper 2. The extracts with different concentrations
were poured in Conical Flasks and covered by Aluminum Foil. The prepared aqueous extracts were then stored in
a cool place (4
o
C) for further use.

Experimental design and treatment
The experiments were laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. The five
treatments in the second experiment were: 0 (only distilled water), 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0%, aqueous extracts of
root of M. oleifera.

Stand establishment and intercultural operation
Initially, twelve seeds of BU Mung 4 were sown in each earthen pot for germination on March 2, 2010.
After 10 days, keeping one vigorous seedling per pot, rest of the seedlings were uprooted. Each pot was fertilized
with 0.45, 0.65, and 0.35 g of urea, TSP and MP, respectively. Half liter of root extract solution of different
concentrations was applied at every alternate day as irrigation water. To ensure true reflection of the treatment
effect on mungbean, each pot was irrigated with only root extract of definite concentration. Polythene was hung
over the pot to protect seedlings from rain water. Foliar application of Ripcord @2ml/liter and Tilt@0.5ml/liter was
applied alternatively at every 15 days interval to protect mungbean plant from insects and fungus attack. Weed
population was allowed to grow freely in each plot.

Data collection and analysis
Data on rate of seed germination of mungbean in laboratory experimentation, and plant height, number of
leaves per plant, leaf SPAD value, soil moisture content, plant biomass and yield per plant in pot experimentation
were recorded. Plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf SPAD value and soil moisture content were recorded
at 20
th
, 30
th
and 45
th
days after sowing. SPAD value and soil moisture content were recorded by SPAD meter
(SPAD-502, Minolta, Japan) and soil moisture meter (PMS-714), respectively. The data on various parameters
recorded were statistically analyzed through partitioning the total variance with the help of computer MSTATC
programme. The means were compared by using Duncans Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Plant height
Effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the plant height of BU Mung 4 at
20, 30, and 45 days after seeding (DAS). Different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts had
significant effect on plant height of mungbean at different days after seeding (Fig. 1). Plant height did not vary
among control, 2.5 and 5.0% concentrations at 30 and 45 DAS but significantly shorter plants were found when
the pots were treated with 7.5 and 10.0% aqueous extracts at the same DAS. At 20 DAS, the tallest plants were
observed in control and the shortest plants were observed with 7.5 and 10.0% root aqueous extracts. It was
evident from the result that higher the concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract, the lower the plant height.
It may be due to the presence of higher allelochimicals in higher concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract
which inhibited plant growth.

Intl J Agri Crop Sci



Number of
at 20, 30 and 45 DAS (Fig
and the pots tre
dates (Fig
DAS. At 45 DAS, number of leaves per plant d
DAS, the lowest number of leaves per plant was observed in 10.0% concentration, while 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%
concentration produced the identical number of leaves per plant.

Plant dry weight
weight
decreased significantly when treated with different concentration of root extracts
recorded in 2.5 (47.38 g) and 5.0% (44.7 g) root aqueous extracts did not vary, while the values were significantly
lower than control but higher than 7.5 and 10.0 % root extracts treated pots. However, significantly the lowest
dry weight (31.46 g) was recorded in pot treated with 10.0 % root extract. The dry weight of mungbean plant
observed in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 % root extract were 9, 13, 31 and 40% less than control pot,
Intl J Agri Crop Sci


figure1. Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the plant height of mungbean at different DAS

Number of leaves per plant
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the number leaves per plant
at 20, 30 and 45 DAS (Fig
and the pots tre
dates (Fig. 2
DAS. At 45 DAS, number of leaves per plant d
DAS, the lowest number of leaves per plant was observed in 10.0% concentration, while 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%
concentration produced the identical number of leaves per plant.
Figure 2. Effect of di

Plant dry weight
Fig. 3
weight per plant
decreased significantly when treated with different concentration of root extracts
recorded in 2.5 (47.38 g) and 5.0% (44.7 g) root aqueous extracts did not vary, while the values were significantly
lower than control but higher than 7.5 and 10.0 % root extracts treated pots. However, significantly the lowest
dry weight (31.46 g) was recorded in pot treated with 10.0 % root extract. The dry weight of mungbean plant
observed in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 % root extract were 9, 13, 31 and 40% less than control pot,
Intl J Agri Crop Sci. Vol.,
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the plant height of mungbean at different DAS
leaves per plant
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the number leaves per plant
at 20, 30 and 45 DAS (Fig
and the pots treated with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts, irrespective of observation
. 2). The number of leaves of mungbean per plant did not vary from 2.5 to 10.0% concentration at 20
DAS. At 45 DAS, number of leaves per plant d
DAS, the lowest number of leaves per plant was observed in 10.0% concentration, while 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%
concentration produced the identical number of leaves per plant.
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the number of leaves of mungbean at different
Plant dry weight
. 3 shows the effect of different concentration
per plant of BU Mung 4
decreased significantly when treated with different concentration of root extracts
recorded in 2.5 (47.38 g) and 5.0% (44.7 g) root aqueous extracts did not vary, while the values were significantly
lower than control but higher than 7.5 and 10.0 % root extracts treated pots. However, significantly the lowest
dry weight (31.46 g) was recorded in pot treated with 10.0 % root extract. The dry weight of mungbean plant
observed in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 % root extract were 9, 13, 31 and 40% less than control pot,
. Vol., 4 (15), 1122
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the plant height of mungbean at different DAS
leaves per plant
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the number leaves per plant
at 20, 30 and 45 DAS (Fig. 2). The highest and the lowest number of leaves per plant were recorded in control pots
ated with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts, irrespective of observation
). The number of leaves of mungbean per plant did not vary from 2.5 to 10.0% concentration at 20
DAS. At 45 DAS, number of leaves per plant d
DAS, the lowest number of leaves per plant was observed in 10.0% concentration, while 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%
concentration produced the identical number of leaves per plant.
fferent concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the number of leaves of mungbean at different
the effect of different concentration
BU Mung 4. Plant dry weight of
decreased significantly when treated with different concentration of root extracts
recorded in 2.5 (47.38 g) and 5.0% (44.7 g) root aqueous extracts did not vary, while the values were significantly
lower than control but higher than 7.5 and 10.0 % root extracts treated pots. However, significantly the lowest
dry weight (31.46 g) was recorded in pot treated with 10.0 % root extract. The dry weight of mungbean plant
observed in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 % root extract were 9, 13, 31 and 40% less than control pot,
1122-1128, 2012
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the plant height of mungbean at different DAS
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the number leaves per plant
). The highest and the lowest number of leaves per plant were recorded in control pots
ated with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts, irrespective of observation
). The number of leaves of mungbean per plant did not vary from 2.5 to 10.0% concentration at 20
DAS. At 45 DAS, number of leaves per plant d
DAS, the lowest number of leaves per plant was observed in 10.0% concentration, while 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%
concentration produced the identical number of leaves per plant.
fferent concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the number of leaves of mungbean at different
the effect of different concentration
. Plant dry weight of
decreased significantly when treated with different concentration of root extracts
recorded in 2.5 (47.38 g) and 5.0% (44.7 g) root aqueous extracts did not vary, while the values were significantly
lower than control but higher than 7.5 and 10.0 % root extracts treated pots. However, significantly the lowest
dry weight (31.46 g) was recorded in pot treated with 10.0 % root extract. The dry weight of mungbean plant
observed in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 % root extract were 9, 13, 31 and 40% less than control pot,
, 2012
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the plant height of mungbean at different DAS
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the number leaves per plant
). The highest and the lowest number of leaves per plant were recorded in control pots
ated with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts, irrespective of observation
). The number of leaves of mungbean per plant did not vary from 2.5 to 10.0% concentration at 20
DAS. At 45 DAS, number of leaves per plant decreased continuously from 2.5 to 10.0% concentrations. In 30
DAS, the lowest number of leaves per plant was observed in 10.0% concentration, while 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%
concentration produced the identical number of leaves per plant.
fferent concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the number of leaves of mungbean at different
DAS
the effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the plant dry
. Plant dry weight of BU Mung 4
decreased significantly when treated with different concentration of root extracts
recorded in 2.5 (47.38 g) and 5.0% (44.7 g) root aqueous extracts did not vary, while the values were significantly
lower than control but higher than 7.5 and 10.0 % root extracts treated pots. However, significantly the lowest
dry weight (31.46 g) was recorded in pot treated with 10.0 % root extract. The dry weight of mungbean plant
observed in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 % root extract were 9, 13, 31 and 40% less than control pot,
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the plant height of mungbean at different DAS
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the number leaves per plant
). The highest and the lowest number of leaves per plant were recorded in control pots
ated with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts, irrespective of observation
). The number of leaves of mungbean per plant did not vary from 2.5 to 10.0% concentration at 20
ecreased continuously from 2.5 to 10.0% concentrations. In 30
DAS, the lowest number of leaves per plant was observed in 10.0% concentration, while 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%
concentration produced the identical number of leaves per plant.
fferent concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the number of leaves of mungbean at different
of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the plant dry
BU Mung 4 was found highest in control pot (52.49 g) and it
decreased significantly when treated with different concentration of root extracts
recorded in 2.5 (47.38 g) and 5.0% (44.7 g) root aqueous extracts did not vary, while the values were significantly
lower than control but higher than 7.5 and 10.0 % root extracts treated pots. However, significantly the lowest
dry weight (31.46 g) was recorded in pot treated with 10.0 % root extract. The dry weight of mungbean plant
observed in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 % root extract were 9, 13, 31 and 40% less than control pot,
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the plant height of mungbean at different DAS
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the number leaves per plant
). The highest and the lowest number of leaves per plant were recorded in control pots
ated with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts, irrespective of observation
). The number of leaves of mungbean per plant did not vary from 2.5 to 10.0% concentration at 20
ecreased continuously from 2.5 to 10.0% concentrations. In 30
DAS, the lowest number of leaves per plant was observed in 10.0% concentration, while 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%
fferent concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the number of leaves of mungbean at different
of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the plant dry
was found highest in control pot (52.49 g) and it
decreased significantly when treated with different concentration of root extracts (Fig. 3
recorded in 2.5 (47.38 g) and 5.0% (44.7 g) root aqueous extracts did not vary, while the values were significantly
lower than control but higher than 7.5 and 10.0 % root extracts treated pots. However, significantly the lowest
dry weight (31.46 g) was recorded in pot treated with 10.0 % root extract. The dry weight of mungbean plant
observed in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 % root extract were 9, 13, 31 and 40% less than control pot,
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the plant height of mungbean at different DAS
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the number leaves per plant
). The highest and the lowest number of leaves per plant were recorded in control pots
ated with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts, irrespective of observation
). The number of leaves of mungbean per plant did not vary from 2.5 to 10.0% concentration at 20
ecreased continuously from 2.5 to 10.0% concentrations. In 30
DAS, the lowest number of leaves per plant was observed in 10.0% concentration, while 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%
fferent concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the number of leaves of mungbean at different
of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the plant dry
was found highest in control pot (52.49 g) and it
. 3). However, plant dry weight
recorded in 2.5 (47.38 g) and 5.0% (44.7 g) root aqueous extracts did not vary, while the values were significantly
lower than control but higher than 7.5 and 10.0 % root extracts treated pots. However, significantly the lowest
dry weight (31.46 g) was recorded in pot treated with 10.0 % root extract. The dry weight of mungbean plant
observed in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 % root extract were 9, 13, 31 and 40% less than control pot,

Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the plant height of mungbean at different DAS
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the number leaves per plant
). The highest and the lowest number of leaves per plant were recorded in control pots
ated with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts, irrespective of observation
). The number of leaves of mungbean per plant did not vary from 2.5 to 10.0% concentration at 20
ecreased continuously from 2.5 to 10.0% concentrations. In 30
DAS, the lowest number of leaves per plant was observed in 10.0% concentration, while 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%

fferent concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the number of leaves of mungbean at different
of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the plant dry
was found highest in control pot (52.49 g) and it
). However, plant dry weight
recorded in 2.5 (47.38 g) and 5.0% (44.7 g) root aqueous extracts did not vary, while the values were significantly
lower than control but higher than 7.5 and 10.0 % root extracts treated pots. However, significantly the lowest
dry weight (31.46 g) was recorded in pot treated with 10.0 % root extract. The dry weight of mungbean plant
observed in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 % root extract were 9, 13, 31 and 40% less than control pot,
1123
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the plant height of mungbean at different DAS
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the number leaves per plant
). The highest and the lowest number of leaves per plant were recorded in control pots
ated with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts, irrespective of observation
). The number of leaves of mungbean per plant did not vary from 2.5 to 10.0% concentration at 20
ecreased continuously from 2.5 to 10.0% concentrations. In 30
DAS, the lowest number of leaves per plant was observed in 10.0% concentration, while 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%
fferent concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the number of leaves of mungbean at different
of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the plant dry
was found highest in control pot (52.49 g) and it
). However, plant dry weight
recorded in 2.5 (47.38 g) and 5.0% (44.7 g) root aqueous extracts did not vary, while the values were significantly
plant
dry weight (31.46 g) was recorded in pot treated with 10.0 % root extract. The dry weight of mungbean plant
observed in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 % root extract were 9, 13, 31 and 40% less than control pot,
Intl J Agri Crop Sci

respectively.
applied as mulch or incorporated into the soil


Number of pod
number of pods per plant of mungbean
(43.5) and the number of pods per plant observed in 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts treated pots were 27, 30,
31 and 40% lower than
higher concentrations (7.5 and 10.0%) was found to suffer more than the pots treated with lower concentration (2.5
and 5.0%).

Seed yield
BU Mung 4
decreased significantly when the plants were treated with root extract of different concentrations. Among the five
concentrations, seed yield decreased slight
treated with 2.5 (13.54
10.0% (9.94
recorded in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts were 23, 24, 34 and 43% lower than control,
Intl J Agri Crop Sci

respectively.
applied as mulch or incorporated into the soil


Figure 3. Effect of different concentration of
Number of pod
The effect of different concentrations of
number of pods per plant of mungbean
(43.5) and the number of pods per plant observed in 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts treated pots were 27, 30,
31 and 40% lower than
higher concentrations (7.5 and 10.0%) was found to suffer more than the pots treated with lower concentration (2.5
and 5.0%).
Figure4. Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the numb

Seed yield
Fig. 5
BU Mung 4
decreased significantly when the plants were treated with root extract of different concentrations. Among the five
concentrations, seed yield decreased slight
treated with 2.5 (13.54
10.0% (9.94
recorded in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts were 23, 24, 34 and 43% lower than control,
Intl J Agri Crop Sci. Vol.,
respectively. The shoot dr
applied as mulch or incorporated into the soil
Effect of different concentration of
Number of pod
he effect of different concentrations of
number of pods per plant of mungbean
(43.5) and the number of pods per plant observed in 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts treated pots were 27, 30,
31 and 40% lower than control, respectively (Fig
higher concentrations (7.5 and 10.0%) was found to suffer more than the pots treated with lower concentration (2.5
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the numb
. 5 shows the effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the seed yield of
per plant. Seed yield per plant was also found highest in control pot (17.63 g per plant) and it
decreased significantly when the plants were treated with root extract of different concentrations. Among the five
concentrations, seed yield decreased slight
treated with 2.5 (13.54 g) and 5.0% (13.35
g) root extracts but still they produced significantly lower
recorded in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts were 23, 24, 34 and 43% lower than control,
. Vol., 4 (15), 1122
The shoot dry weight of maize crop was reduced drastically when the Eucalyptus globules was
applied as mulch or incorporated into the soil
Effect of different concentration of
he effect of different concentrations of
number of pods per plant of mungbean
(43.5) and the number of pods per plant observed in 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts treated pots were 27, 30,
control, respectively (Fig
higher concentrations (7.5 and 10.0%) was found to suffer more than the pots treated with lower concentration (2.5
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the numb
the effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the seed yield of
per plant. Seed yield per plant was also found highest in control pot (17.63 g per plant) and it
decreased significantly when the plants were treated with root extract of different concentrations. Among the five
concentrations, seed yield decreased slight
g) and 5.0% (13.35
g) root extracts but still they produced significantly lower
recorded in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts were 23, 24, 34 and 43% lower than control,
1122-1128, 2012
y weight of maize crop was reduced drastically when the Eucalyptus globules was
applied as mulch or incorporated into the soil (Sanginga
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera
he effect of different concentrations of
number of pods per plant of mungbean (Fig. 4). Number of pods per plant was found the highest in control pot
(43.5) and the number of pods per plant observed in 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts treated pots were 27, 30,
control, respectively (Fig
higher concentrations (7.5 and 10.0%) was found to suffer more than the pots treated with lower concentration (2.5
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the numb
the effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the seed yield of
per plant. Seed yield per plant was also found highest in control pot (17.63 g per plant) and it
decreased significantly when the plants were treated with root extract of different concentrations. Among the five
concentrations, seed yield decreased slightly as the concentration increased
g) and 5.0% (13.35 g) root extracts as compared to the pots treated with 7.5 (11.53
g) root extracts but still they produced significantly lower
recorded in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts were 23, 24, 34 and 43% lower than control,
, 2012
y weight of maize crop was reduced drastically when the Eucalyptus globules was
(Sanginga and Swift,
M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the dry weight of mungbean per plant grown in
pots

he effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts
. Number of pods per plant was found the highest in control pot
(43.5) and the number of pods per plant observed in 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts treated pots were 27, 30,
control, respectively (Fig. 4). The number of pods per
higher concentrations (7.5 and 10.0%) was found to suffer more than the pots treated with lower concentration (2.5
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the numb
gwown in pots
the effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the seed yield of
per plant. Seed yield per plant was also found highest in control pot (17.63 g per plant) and it
decreased significantly when the plants were treated with root extract of different concentrations. Among the five
y as the concentration increased
g) root extracts as compared to the pots treated with 7.5 (11.53
g) root extracts but still they produced significantly lower
recorded in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts were 23, 24, 34 and 43% lower than control,
y weight of maize crop was reduced drastically when the Eucalyptus globules was
and Swift, 1992).
root aqueous extract on the dry weight of mungbean per plant grown in
root aqueous extracts
. Number of pods per plant was found the highest in control pot
(43.5) and the number of pods per plant observed in 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts treated pots were 27, 30,
). The number of pods per
higher concentrations (7.5 and 10.0%) was found to suffer more than the pots treated with lower concentration (2.5
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the numb
gwown in pots
the effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the seed yield of
per plant. Seed yield per plant was also found highest in control pot (17.63 g per plant) and it
decreased significantly when the plants were treated with root extract of different concentrations. Among the five
y as the concentration increased
g) root extracts as compared to the pots treated with 7.5 (11.53
g) root extracts but still they produced significantly lower se
recorded in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts were 23, 24, 34 and 43% lower than control,
y weight of maize crop was reduced drastically when the Eucalyptus globules was

root aqueous extract on the dry weight of mungbean per plant grown in
root aqueous extracts showed significant effect
. Number of pods per plant was found the highest in control pot
(43.5) and the number of pods per plant observed in 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts treated pots were 27, 30,
). The number of pods per plant observed in pots treated with
higher concentrations (7.5 and 10.0%) was found to suffer more than the pots treated with lower concentration (2.5
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the number of pods per plant of mungbean
the effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the seed yield of
per plant. Seed yield per plant was also found highest in control pot (17.63 g per plant) and it
decreased significantly when the plants were treated with root extract of different concentrations. Among the five
y as the concentration increased. Seed yield suffered less in pots
g) root extracts as compared to the pots treated with 7.5 (11.53
seed yield than control (Fig
recorded in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts were 23, 24, 34 and 43% lower than control,
y weight of maize crop was reduced drastically when the Eucalyptus globules was
root aqueous extract on the dry weight of mungbean per plant grown in
showed significant effect
. Number of pods per plant was found the highest in control pot
(43.5) and the number of pods per plant observed in 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts treated pots were 27, 30,
plant observed in pots treated with
higher concentrations (7.5 and 10.0%) was found to suffer more than the pots treated with lower concentration (2.5
er of pods per plant of mungbean
the effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the seed yield of
per plant. Seed yield per plant was also found highest in control pot (17.63 g per plant) and it
decreased significantly when the plants were treated with root extract of different concentrations. Among the five
. Seed yield suffered less in pots
g) root extracts as compared to the pots treated with 7.5 (11.53
ed yield than control (Fig
recorded in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts were 23, 24, 34 and 43% lower than control,
y weight of maize crop was reduced drastically when the Eucalyptus globules was

root aqueous extract on the dry weight of mungbean per plant grown in
showed significant effect on the
. Number of pods per plant was found the highest in control pot
(43.5) and the number of pods per plant observed in 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts treated pots were 27, 30,
plant observed in pots treated with
higher concentrations (7.5 and 10.0%) was found to suffer more than the pots treated with lower concentration (2.5

er of pods per plant of mungbean
the effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the seed yield of
per plant. Seed yield per plant was also found highest in control pot (17.63 g per plant) and it
decreased significantly when the plants were treated with root extract of different concentrations. Among the five
. Seed yield suffered less in pots
g) root extracts as compared to the pots treated with 7.5 (11.53 g) and
ed yield than control (Fig. 5). Seed yield
recorded in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts were 23, 24, 34 and 43% lower than control,
1126
y weight of maize crop was reduced drastically when the Eucalyptus globules was
root aqueous extract on the dry weight of mungbean per plant grown in
on the
. Number of pods per plant was found the highest in control pot
(43.5) and the number of pods per plant observed in 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts treated pots were 27, 30,
plant observed in pots treated with
higher concentrations (7.5 and 10.0%) was found to suffer more than the pots treated with lower concentration (2.5
er of pods per plant of mungbean
the effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the seed yield of
per plant. Seed yield per plant was also found highest in control pot (17.63 g per plant) and it
decreased significantly when the plants were treated with root extract of different concentrations. Among the five
. Seed yield suffered less in pots
g) and
). Seed yield
recorded in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root extracts were 23, 24, 34 and 43% lower than control,
Intl J Agri Crop Sci

respectively. The lower seed per plant as well as the lower seed yield may be attributed by the all
M. oleifera root extract.
different concentration of M. oleifera root extract.
have
where rice grain yield declined when it was grown with the close contact of rhizome of Nymphaea lotus

Number of weeds per pot
pot is shown in Fig
grown in pots treated with 2.5% (13.5), 5.0% (11.75), 7.5% (11.25) and 10.0% (11) root aqueous
The number of weed found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% aqueous extracts were 68, 72, 73 and 74%
lower than control pot, respectively.

Weed biomass per pot
(Fig
treatments. Weed dry biomass recorded in 2.5% (2.46 g), 5.0% (2.36 g) and 7.5 %( 2.09 g) were much lower than
control but difference of these values were insignifi
the pot treated with 10.0% (1.7g) root aqueous extract but it did not vary with the weed biomass found in 7.5%
aqueous extract. The weed biomass found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%
Intl J Agri Crop Sci

respectively. The lower seed per plant as well as the lower seed yield may be attributed by the all
M. oleifera root extract.
different concentration of M. oleifera root extract.
have inhibitory effects of root extract which may cause the lower yield.
where rice grain yield declined when it was grown with the close contact of rhizome of Nymphaea lotus
Figure 5.

Number of weeds per pot
The effect of different concentrations of
pot is shown in Fig
grown in pots treated with 2.5% (13.5), 5.0% (11.75), 7.5% (11.25) and 10.0% (11) root aqueous
The number of weed found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% aqueous extracts were 68, 72, 73 and 74%
lower than control pot, respectively.

Figure

Weed biomass per pot
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the weed dry biomass per pot
(Fig. 7). The weed
treatments. Weed dry biomass recorded in 2.5% (2.46 g), 5.0% (2.36 g) and 7.5 %( 2.09 g) were much lower than
control but difference of these values were insignifi
the pot treated with 10.0% (1.7g) root aqueous extract but it did not vary with the weed biomass found in 7.5%
aqueous extract. The weed biomass found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%
Intl J Agri Crop Sci. Vol.,
respectively. The lower seed per plant as well as the lower seed yield may be attributed by the all
M. oleifera root extract. Yield performance of BU Mung 4 revealed that seed yield suppressed in treatments having
different concentration of M. oleifera root extract.
inhibitory effects of root extract which may cause the lower yield.
where rice grain yield declined when it was grown with the close contact of rhizome of Nymphaea lotus
. Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the seed yield of mungbean per plant
Number of weeds per pot
The effect of different concentrations of
pot is shown in Fig. 6. The number of weed grown in control (42.75) was much higher than the number of weed
grown in pots treated with 2.5% (13.5), 5.0% (11.75), 7.5% (11.25) and 10.0% (11) root aqueous
The number of weed found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% aqueous extracts were 68, 72, 73 and 74%
lower than control pot, respectively.
ure 6. Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the number of weeds in each pot
Weed biomass per pot
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the weed dry biomass per pot
). The weed biomass per pot in control pot (4.29 g) was much higher than the weed biomass found in other
treatments. Weed dry biomass recorded in 2.5% (2.46 g), 5.0% (2.36 g) and 7.5 %( 2.09 g) were much lower than
control but difference of these values were insignifi
the pot treated with 10.0% (1.7g) root aqueous extract but it did not vary with the weed biomass found in 7.5%
aqueous extract. The weed biomass found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%
. Vol., 4 (15), 1122
respectively. The lower seed per plant as well as the lower seed yield may be attributed by the all
Yield performance of BU Mung 4 revealed that seed yield suppressed in treatments having
different concentration of M. oleifera root extract.
inhibitory effects of root extract which may cause the lower yield.
where rice grain yield declined when it was grown with the close contact of rhizome of Nymphaea lotus
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the seed yield of mungbean per plant
Number of weeds per pot
The effect of different concentrations of
. The number of weed grown in control (42.75) was much higher than the number of weed
grown in pots treated with 2.5% (13.5), 5.0% (11.75), 7.5% (11.25) and 10.0% (11) root aqueous
The number of weed found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% aqueous extracts were 68, 72, 73 and 74%
lower than control pot, respectively.
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the number of weeds in each pot

The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the weed dry biomass per pot
biomass per pot in control pot (4.29 g) was much higher than the weed biomass found in other
treatments. Weed dry biomass recorded in 2.5% (2.46 g), 5.0% (2.36 g) and 7.5 %( 2.09 g) were much lower than
control but difference of these values were insignifi
the pot treated with 10.0% (1.7g) root aqueous extract but it did not vary with the weed biomass found in 7.5%
aqueous extract. The weed biomass found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%
1122-1128, 2012
respectively. The lower seed per plant as well as the lower seed yield may be attributed by the all
Yield performance of BU Mung 4 revealed that seed yield suppressed in treatments having
different concentration of M. oleifera root extract.
inhibitory effects of root extract which may cause the lower yield.
where rice grain yield declined when it was grown with the close contact of rhizome of Nymphaea lotus
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the seed yield of mungbean per plant
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera
. The number of weed grown in control (42.75) was much higher than the number of weed
grown in pots treated with 2.5% (13.5), 5.0% (11.75), 7.5% (11.25) and 10.0% (11) root aqueous
The number of weed found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% aqueous extracts were 68, 72, 73 and 74%
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the number of weeds in each pot
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the weed dry biomass per pot
biomass per pot in control pot (4.29 g) was much higher than the weed biomass found in other
treatments. Weed dry biomass recorded in 2.5% (2.46 g), 5.0% (2.36 g) and 7.5 %( 2.09 g) were much lower than
control but difference of these values were insignifi
the pot treated with 10.0% (1.7g) root aqueous extract but it did not vary with the weed biomass found in 7.5%
aqueous extract. The weed biomass found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%
, 2012
respectively. The lower seed per plant as well as the lower seed yield may be attributed by the all
Yield performance of BU Mung 4 revealed that seed yield suppressed in treatments having
The lower seed yield in root extract treated pots over control may
inhibitory effects of root extract which may cause the lower yield.
where rice grain yield declined when it was grown with the close contact of rhizome of Nymphaea lotus
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the seed yield of mungbean per plant
M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the number of weed in each
. The number of weed grown in control (42.75) was much higher than the number of weed
grown in pots treated with 2.5% (13.5), 5.0% (11.75), 7.5% (11.25) and 10.0% (11) root aqueous
The number of weed found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% aqueous extracts were 68, 72, 73 and 74%
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the number of weeds in each pot
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the weed dry biomass per pot
biomass per pot in control pot (4.29 g) was much higher than the weed biomass found in other
treatments. Weed dry biomass recorded in 2.5% (2.46 g), 5.0% (2.36 g) and 7.5 %( 2.09 g) were much lower than
control but difference of these values were insignificant. The lowest dry weight of weed biomass was observed in
the pot treated with 10.0% (1.7g) root aqueous extract but it did not vary with the weed biomass found in 7.5%
aqueous extract. The weed biomass found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%
respectively. The lower seed per plant as well as the lower seed yield may be attributed by the all
Yield performance of BU Mung 4 revealed that seed yield suppressed in treatments having
The lower seed yield in root extract treated pots over control may
inhibitory effects of root extract which may cause the lower yield.
where rice grain yield declined when it was grown with the close contact of rhizome of Nymphaea lotus
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the seed yield of mungbean per plant
root aqueous extracts on the number of weed in each
. The number of weed grown in control (42.75) was much higher than the number of weed
grown in pots treated with 2.5% (13.5), 5.0% (11.75), 7.5% (11.25) and 10.0% (11) root aqueous
The number of weed found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% aqueous extracts were 68, 72, 73 and 74%
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the number of weeds in each pot
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the weed dry biomass per pot
biomass per pot in control pot (4.29 g) was much higher than the weed biomass found in other
treatments. Weed dry biomass recorded in 2.5% (2.46 g), 5.0% (2.36 g) and 7.5 %( 2.09 g) were much lower than
cant. The lowest dry weight of weed biomass was observed in
the pot treated with 10.0% (1.7g) root aqueous extract but it did not vary with the weed biomass found in 7.5%
aqueous extract. The weed biomass found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%
respectively. The lower seed per plant as well as the lower seed yield may be attributed by the all
Yield performance of BU Mung 4 revealed that seed yield suppressed in treatments having
The lower seed yield in root extract treated pots over control may
inhibitory effects of root extract which may cause the lower yield. Ahmad et al
where rice grain yield declined when it was grown with the close contact of rhizome of Nymphaea lotus
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the seed yield of mungbean per plant
root aqueous extracts on the number of weed in each
. The number of weed grown in control (42.75) was much higher than the number of weed
grown in pots treated with 2.5% (13.5), 5.0% (11.75), 7.5% (11.25) and 10.0% (11) root aqueous
The number of weed found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% aqueous extracts were 68, 72, 73 and 74%
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the number of weeds in each pot
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the weed dry biomass per pot
biomass per pot in control pot (4.29 g) was much higher than the weed biomass found in other
treatments. Weed dry biomass recorded in 2.5% (2.46 g), 5.0% (2.36 g) and 7.5 %( 2.09 g) were much lower than
cant. The lowest dry weight of weed biomass was observed in
the pot treated with 10.0% (1.7g) root aqueous extract but it did not vary with the weed biomass found in 7.5%
aqueous extract. The weed biomass found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%
respectively. The lower seed per plant as well as the lower seed yield may be attributed by the allelopathic effect of
Yield performance of BU Mung 4 revealed that seed yield suppressed in treatments having
The lower seed yield in root extract treated pots over control may
al., 2001 found similar result
where rice grain yield declined when it was grown with the close contact of rhizome of Nymphaea lotus
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the seed yield of mungbean per plant
root aqueous extracts on the number of weed in each
. The number of weed grown in control (42.75) was much higher than the number of weed
grown in pots treated with 2.5% (13.5), 5.0% (11.75), 7.5% (11.25) and 10.0% (11) root aqueous
The number of weed found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% aqueous extracts were 68, 72, 73 and 74%
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the number of weeds in each pot
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the weed dry biomass per pot
biomass per pot in control pot (4.29 g) was much higher than the weed biomass found in other
treatments. Weed dry biomass recorded in 2.5% (2.46 g), 5.0% (2.36 g) and 7.5 %( 2.09 g) were much lower than
cant. The lowest dry weight of weed biomass was observed in
the pot treated with 10.0% (1.7g) root aqueous extract but it did not vary with the weed biomass found in 7.5%
aqueous extract. The weed biomass found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% root aqueous extracts were
elopathic effect of
Yield performance of BU Mung 4 revealed that seed yield suppressed in treatments having
The lower seed yield in root extract treated pots over control may
2001 found similar result
where rice grain yield declined when it was grown with the close contact of rhizome of Nymphaea lotus.

Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the seed yield of mungbean per plant
root aqueous extracts on the number of weed in each
. The number of weed grown in control (42.75) was much higher than the number of weed
grown in pots treated with 2.5% (13.5), 5.0% (11.75), 7.5% (11.25) and 10.0% (11) root aqueous extracts (Fig
The number of weed found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% aqueous extracts were 68, 72, 73 and 74%

Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the number of weeds in each pot
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the weed dry biomass per pot
biomass per pot in control pot (4.29 g) was much higher than the weed biomass found in other
treatments. Weed dry biomass recorded in 2.5% (2.46 g), 5.0% (2.36 g) and 7.5 %( 2.09 g) were much lower than
cant. The lowest dry weight of weed biomass was observed in
the pot treated with 10.0% (1.7g) root aqueous extract but it did not vary with the weed biomass found in 7.5%
root aqueous extracts were
1127
elopathic effect of
Yield performance of BU Mung 4 revealed that seed yield suppressed in treatments having
The lower seed yield in root extract treated pots over control may
2001 found similar result
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the seed yield of mungbean per plant
root aqueous extracts on the number of weed in each
. The number of weed grown in control (42.75) was much higher than the number of weed
extracts (Fig. 6).
The number of weed found in pots treated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% aqueous extracts were 68, 72, 73 and 74%
The effect of different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts on the weed dry biomass per pot
biomass per pot in control pot (4.29 g) was much higher than the weed biomass found in other
treatments. Weed dry biomass recorded in 2.5% (2.46 g), 5.0% (2.36 g) and 7.5 %( 2.09 g) were much lower than
cant. The lowest dry weight of weed biomass was observed in
the pot treated with 10.0% (1.7g) root aqueous extract but it did not vary with the weed biomass found in 7.5%
root aqueous extracts were
Intl J Agri Crop Sci

43, 44, 51 and 60% lower than control pot. Number as well as the dry weight of weed biomass found in pots treated
with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts was much lower than control. These may be the
in
of weed biomass.



number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight and seed yield were suppressed in treatments having concentrations
of M. oleifera root
concentration of root extracts (7.5 and 10.0%) than lower concentration (2.5, 5.0%). However, root extracts
application increased the soil moisture content and dec
study indicate that root extract of M. oleifera ha
However, the study was carried out in control condition; the result should be v
situation before arriving at


Ahmad K, Hegazy WM, Amer Khedr AA. 2001. Allelopathic effect of
Anonymous. 2009.
Anonymous. 2010.
Bhatt BP, Todaria NP. 1990. Studies on the allelopathic effects of some agroforestr
Copping LG. 1996. Crop Protection Agents from Nature, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge.
Harborne JB. 1977. Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry. Academic Press, New York.
ICRAF. 1993. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry: Annual Report 1993. Nairobi, Kenya. p 208.
Joshi PC, Prakash O. 1992. Allelopathic effects of
Narwal SS, Tauro P, Eds Bsla SS. 1997.
Puri S, Bangawa KS. 1992. Effect of trees on the yield
Sanginga S, Swift MJ. 1992. Nutritional affects of eucalyptus litter on the
Intl J Agri Crop Sci

43, 44, 51 and 60% lower than control pot. Number as well as the dry weight of weed biomass found in pots treated
with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts was much lower than control. These may be the
indication of allelopathic effect of root aqueous extract that might have reduced the number as well as the amount
of weed biomass.


Figure

Growth and yield performance of BU Mung 4 grown in pot revealed that rate of germination, plant height,
number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight and seed yield were suppressed in treatments having concentrations
of M. oleifera root
concentration of root extracts (7.5 and 10.0%) than lower concentration (2.5, 5.0%). However, root extracts
application increased the soil moisture content and dec
study indicate that root extract of M. oleifera ha
However, the study was carried out in control condition; the result should be v
situation before arriving at


Ahmad K, Hegazy WM, Amer Khedr AA. 2001. Allelopathic effect of
Manzala (Nile Delta). Hydrol 464:133
Anonymous. 2009.
Anonymous. 2010.
Bhatt BP, Todaria NP. 1990. Studies on the allelopathic effects of some agroforestr
Copping LG. 1996. Crop Protection Agents from Nature, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge.
Department of Botany, Institute of Basic Sciences, Bundelkhand
Harborne JB. 1977. Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry. Academic Press, New York.
ICRAF. 1993. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry: Annual Report 1993. Nairobi, Kenya. p 208.
Joshi PC, Prakash O. 1992. Allelopathic effects of
In: Proc. First Natl. Symp. on Allelopathy in Agroecosystems Agriculture and Forestry. pp. 127
Narwal SS, Tauro P, Eds Bsla SS. 1997.
Puri S, Bangawa KS. 1992. Effect of trees on the yield
Sanginga S, Swift MJ. 1992. Nutritional affects of eucalyptus litter on the
Intl J Agri Crop Sci. Vol.,
43, 44, 51 and 60% lower than control pot. Number as well as the dry weight of weed biomass found in pots treated
with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts was much lower than control. These may be the
dication of allelopathic effect of root aqueous extract that might have reduced the number as well as the amount
of weed biomass.
ure 7. Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the weed biomass in each pot
Growth and yield performance of BU Mung 4 grown in pot revealed that rate of germination, plant height,
number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight and seed yield were suppressed in treatments having concentrations
of M. oleifera root extract, irrespective of concentrations. Growth and yield parameters suffered more in higher
concentration of root extracts (7.5 and 10.0%) than lower concentration (2.5, 5.0%). However, root extracts
application increased the soil moisture content and dec
study indicate that root extract of M. oleifera ha
However, the study was carried out in control condition; the result should be v
situation before arriving at
Ahmad K, Hegazy WM, Amer Khedr AA. 2001. Allelopathic effect of
Manzala (Nile Delta). Hydrol 464:133
Anonymous. 2009. http://www.mathaba.com/moringa
Anonymous. 2010. http://e-articles.info/e/a/title/Moringa
Bhatt BP, Todaria NP. 1990. Studies on the allelopathic effects of some agroforestr
Copping LG. 1996. Crop Protection Agents from Nature, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge.
Department of Botany, Institute of Basic Sciences, Bundelkhand
Harborne JB. 1977. Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry. Academic Press, New York.
ICRAF. 1993. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry: Annual Report 1993. Nairobi, Kenya. p 208.
Joshi PC, Prakash O. 1992. Allelopathic effects of
In: Proc. First Natl. Symp. on Allelopathy in Agroecosystems Agriculture and Forestry. pp. 127
Narwal SS, Tauro P, Eds Bsla SS. 1997.
Puri S, Bangawa KS. 1992. Effect of trees on the yield
Sanginga S, Swift MJ. 1992. Nutritional affects of eucalyptus litter on the
. Vol., 4 (15), 1122
43, 44, 51 and 60% lower than control pot. Number as well as the dry weight of weed biomass found in pots treated
with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts was much lower than control. These may be the
dication of allelopathic effect of root aqueous extract that might have reduced the number as well as the amount
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the weed biomass in each pot
Growth and yield performance of BU Mung 4 grown in pot revealed that rate of germination, plant height,
number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight and seed yield were suppressed in treatments having concentrations
extract, irrespective of concentrations. Growth and yield parameters suffered more in higher
concentration of root extracts (7.5 and 10.0%) than lower concentration (2.5, 5.0%). However, root extracts
application increased the soil moisture content and dec
study indicate that root extract of M. oleifera ha
However, the study was carried out in control condition; the result should be v
situation before arriving at a final conclusion.
Ahmad K, Hegazy WM, Amer Khedr AA. 2001. Allelopathic effect of
Manzala (Nile Delta). Hydrol 464:133-142.
http://www.mathaba.com/moringa
articles.info/e/a/title/Moringa
Bhatt BP, Todaria NP. 1990. Studies on the allelopathic effects of some agroforestr
Copping LG. 1996. Crop Protection Agents from Nature, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge.
Department of Botany, Institute of Basic Sciences, Bundelkhand
Harborne JB. 1977. Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry. Academic Press, New York.
ICRAF. 1993. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry: Annual Report 1993. Nairobi, Kenya. p 208.
Joshi PC, Prakash O. 1992. Allelopathic effects of
In: Proc. First Natl. Symp. on Allelopathy in Agroecosystems Agriculture and Forestry. pp. 127
Narwal SS, Tauro P, Eds Bsla SS. 1997. Neem in Sustainable
Puri S, Bangawa KS. 1992. Effect of trees on the yield
Sanginga S, Swift MJ. 1992. Nutritional affects of eucalyptus litter on the
1122-1128, 2012
43, 44, 51 and 60% lower than control pot. Number as well as the dry weight of weed biomass found in pots treated
with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts was much lower than control. These may be the
dication of allelopathic effect of root aqueous extract that might have reduced the number as well as the amount
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the weed biomass in each pot
Growth and yield performance of BU Mung 4 grown in pot revealed that rate of germination, plant height,
number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight and seed yield were suppressed in treatments having concentrations
extract, irrespective of concentrations. Growth and yield parameters suffered more in higher
concentration of root extracts (7.5 and 10.0%) than lower concentration (2.5, 5.0%). However, root extracts
application increased the soil moisture content and dec
study indicate that root extract of M. oleifera had
However, the study was carried out in control condition; the result should be v
a final conclusion.
Ahmad K, Hegazy WM, Amer Khedr AA. 2001. Allelopathic effect of
142.
http://www.mathaba.com/moringa-oleifera-
articles.info/e/a/title/Moringa-Oleifera
Bhatt BP, Todaria NP. 1990. Studies on the allelopathic effects of some agroforestr
Copping LG. 1996. Crop Protection Agents from Nature, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge.
Department of Botany, Institute of Basic Sciences, Bundelkhand
Harborne JB. 1977. Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry. Academic Press, New York.
ICRAF. 1993. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry: Annual Report 1993. Nairobi, Kenya. p 208.
Joshi PC, Prakash O. 1992. Allelopathic effects of litter extracts of some tree species on germination and seedling growth of agricultural crops.
In: Proc. First Natl. Symp. on Allelopathy in Agroecosystems Agriculture and Forestry. pp. 127
Neem in Sustainable
Puri S, Bangawa KS. 1992. Effect of trees on the yield of irrigated wheat crop in semi
Sanginga S, Swift MJ. 1992. Nutritional affects of eucalyptus litter on the
, 2012
43, 44, 51 and 60% lower than control pot. Number as well as the dry weight of weed biomass found in pots treated
with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts was much lower than control. These may be the
dication of allelopathic effect of root aqueous extract that might have reduced the number as well as the amount
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the weed biomass in each pot

CONCLUSION
Growth and yield performance of BU Mung 4 grown in pot revealed that rate of germination, plant height,
number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight and seed yield were suppressed in treatments having concentrations
extract, irrespective of concentrations. Growth and yield parameters suffered more in higher
concentration of root extracts (7.5 and 10.0%) than lower concentration (2.5, 5.0%). However, root extracts
application increased the soil moisture content and decreased the weed infestation in pots.
inhibitory effect on growth and yield of mungbean in pot condition.
However, the study was carried out in control condition; the result should be v
REFERENCES
Ahmad K, Hegazy WM, Amer Khedr AA. 2001. Allelopathic effect of Nymphaea lotus.
-the-miracle-tree.html
Oleifera-::-The-Miracle
Bhatt BP, Todaria NP. 1990. Studies on the allelopathic effects of some agroforestr
Copping LG. 1996. Crop Protection Agents from Nature, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge.
Department of Botany, Institute of Basic Sciences, Bundelkhand University.
Harborne JB. 1977. Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry. Academic Press, New York.
ICRAF. 1993. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry: Annual Report 1993. Nairobi, Kenya. p 208.
litter extracts of some tree species on germination and seedling growth of agricultural crops.
In: Proc. First Natl. Symp. on Allelopathy in Agroecosystems Agriculture and Forestry. pp. 127
Neem in Sustainable Agriculture. Scientific Publishers, India.
of irrigated wheat crop in semi
Sanginga S, Swift MJ. 1992. Nutritional affects of eucalyptus litter on the growth of Maize. Agric Ecosys Environ 41:55
43, 44, 51 and 60% lower than control pot. Number as well as the dry weight of weed biomass found in pots treated
with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts was much lower than control. These may be the
dication of allelopathic effect of root aqueous extract that might have reduced the number as well as the amount
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the weed biomass in each pot
CONCLUSION
Growth and yield performance of BU Mung 4 grown in pot revealed that rate of germination, plant height,
number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight and seed yield were suppressed in treatments having concentrations
extract, irrespective of concentrations. Growth and yield parameters suffered more in higher
concentration of root extracts (7.5 and 10.0%) than lower concentration (2.5, 5.0%). However, root extracts
reased the weed infestation in pots.
inhibitory effect on growth and yield of mungbean in pot condition.
However, the study was carried out in control condition; the result should be v
REFERENCES
Nymphaea lotus.L. on growth and yield of cultivated rice around Lake
tree.html.
Miracle-Tree/
Bhatt BP, Todaria NP. 1990. Studies on the allelopathic effects of some agroforestry tree crops on Garhwal Himalaya. Agrofor Sys 12:251
Copping LG. 1996. Crop Protection Agents from Nature, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge.
University.
Harborne JB. 1977. Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry. Academic Press, New York.
ICRAF. 1993. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry: Annual Report 1993. Nairobi, Kenya. p 208.
litter extracts of some tree species on germination and seedling growth of agricultural crops.
In: Proc. First Natl. Symp. on Allelopathy in Agroecosystems Agriculture and Forestry. pp. 127
Agriculture. Scientific Publishers, India.
of irrigated wheat crop in semi-arid regions.
growth of Maize. Agric Ecosys Environ 41:55
43, 44, 51 and 60% lower than control pot. Number as well as the dry weight of weed biomass found in pots treated
with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts was much lower than control. These may be the
dication of allelopathic effect of root aqueous extract that might have reduced the number as well as the amount
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the weed biomass in each pot
Growth and yield performance of BU Mung 4 grown in pot revealed that rate of germination, plant height,
number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight and seed yield were suppressed in treatments having concentrations
extract, irrespective of concentrations. Growth and yield parameters suffered more in higher
concentration of root extracts (7.5 and 10.0%) than lower concentration (2.5, 5.0%). However, root extracts
reased the weed infestation in pots.
inhibitory effect on growth and yield of mungbean in pot condition.
However, the study was carried out in control condition; the result should be validated in actual agrofores
L. on growth and yield of cultivated rice around Lake
y tree crops on Garhwal Himalaya. Agrofor Sys 12:251
Copping LG. 1996. Crop Protection Agents from Nature, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge.Corresponding Author
ICRAF. 1993. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry: Annual Report 1993. Nairobi, Kenya. p 208.
litter extracts of some tree species on germination and seedling growth of agricultural crops.
In: Proc. First Natl. Symp. on Allelopathy in Agroecosystems Agriculture and Forestry. pp. 127128.
Agriculture. Scientific Publishers, India.
arid regions.Agroforestry
growth of Maize. Agric Ecosys Environ 41:55
43, 44, 51 and 60% lower than control pot. Number as well as the dry weight of weed biomass found in pots treated
with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts was much lower than control. These may be the
dication of allelopathic effect of root aqueous extract that might have reduced the number as well as the amount
Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the weed biomass in each pot
Growth and yield performance of BU Mung 4 grown in pot revealed that rate of germination, plant height,
number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight and seed yield were suppressed in treatments having concentrations
extract, irrespective of concentrations. Growth and yield parameters suffered more in higher
concentration of root extracts (7.5 and 10.0%) than lower concentration (2.5, 5.0%). However, root extracts
reased the weed infestation in pots. The findings of the
inhibitory effect on growth and yield of mungbean in pot condition.
alidated in actual agrofores
L. on growth and yield of cultivated rice around Lake
y tree crops on Garhwal Himalaya. Agrofor Sys 12:251
Corresponding Author
ICRAF. 1993. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry: Annual Report 1993. Nairobi, Kenya. p 208.
litter extracts of some tree species on germination and seedling growth of agricultural crops.
128.
Agroforestry Syst., 20: 229
growth of Maize. Agric Ecosys Environ 41:55-56.
43, 44, 51 and 60% lower than control pot. Number as well as the dry weight of weed biomass found in pots treated
with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts was much lower than control. These may be the
dication of allelopathic effect of root aqueous extract that might have reduced the number as well as the amount

Effect of different concentration of M. oleifera root aqueous extract on the weed biomass in each pot
Growth and yield performance of BU Mung 4 grown in pot revealed that rate of germination, plant height,
number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight and seed yield were suppressed in treatments having concentrations
extract, irrespective of concentrations. Growth and yield parameters suffered more in higher
concentration of root extracts (7.5 and 10.0%) than lower concentration (2.5, 5.0%). However, root extracts
The findings of the
inhibitory effect on growth and yield of mungbean in pot condition.
alidated in actual agrofores
L. on growth and yield of cultivated rice around Lake
y tree crops on Garhwal Himalaya. Agrofor Sys 12:251
Corresponding Author: Sazada Siddiqui,
litter extracts of some tree species on germination and seedling growth of agricultural crops.
229-241.

1128
43, 44, 51 and 60% lower than control pot. Number as well as the dry weight of weed biomass found in pots treated
with different concentrations of M. oleifera root aqueous extracts was much lower than control. These may be the
dication of allelopathic effect of root aqueous extract that might have reduced the number as well as the amount
Growth and yield performance of BU Mung 4 grown in pot revealed that rate of germination, plant height,
number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight and seed yield were suppressed in treatments having concentrations
extract, irrespective of concentrations. Growth and yield parameters suffered more in higher
concentration of root extracts (7.5 and 10.0%) than lower concentration (2.5, 5.0%). However, root extracts
The findings of the
inhibitory effect on growth and yield of mungbean in pot condition.
alidated in actual agroforestry
L. on growth and yield of cultivated rice around Lake
y tree crops on Garhwal Himalaya. Agrofor Sys 12:251-255.
Sazada Siddiqui,
litter extracts of some tree species on germination and seedling growth of agricultural crops.