DISCUSSION

We used trachea as our sample. Unfortunately, there are some errors that occurred in the
processes of making the slide. The size of cell may be too thick, thus at the end of the processes
we cannot observed the inner cells that present. We only can observed the overall shape of the
trachea cell. We should do more replicate of trachea histology microscopic slides to overcome
this problem in future.
The trachea begins just under the larynx (voice box) and runs down behind the breastbone
(sternum). The trachea then divides into two smaller tubes called bronchi: one bronchus for
each lung. The trachea is a wide flexible tube, the lumen of which is kept open by 20 tracheal
cartilages, which are C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage. The gaps between the rings of cartilage
are filled by the trachealis muscle - a bundle of smooth muscle, and fibroelastic tissue. Together
these hold the lumen of the trachea open, but allow flexibility during inspiration and expiration.
The back part of each ring is made of muscle and connective tissue.
The esophagus lies posteriorly to the trachea. The cartilaginous rings are incomplete to allow
the trachea to collapse slightly so that food can pass down the esophagus. A flap-
like epiglottis closes the opening to the larynx during swallowing to prevent swallowed matter
from entering the trachea.
The histological characteristics of trachea composed of mucosa and sub-mucosa wall. The
respiratory mucosa is made up of the epithelium and supporting lamina propria). The
epithelium is tall columnar pseudostratified with cilia and goblet cells. The supporting lamina
propria underneath the epithelium contains elastin, that plays a role in the elastic recoil of the
trachea during inspiration and expiration, together with blood vessels that warm the air.
The sub-mucosa contains glands which are mixed sero-mucous glands. The watery secretions
from the serous glands humidify the inspired air. The mucous, together with mucous from the
goblet cells traps particles from the air which are transported upwards towards the pharynx by
the cilia on the epithlium. This helps to keep the lungs free of particles and bacteria.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we were able to construct permanent histology slide from fresh animal tissues, to
differentiate and describe different types of tissues in mammalian body. We also able to explain
and justify the function of different body tissue and system.

REFERENCES
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