DEPT.

OF ENGLISH
ABHIJIT DAS (LITAN) PH : 9856383045/9089374572
SYLLEBUS FOR ANNUAL EXAMINATION 2013
UMAKANTA ACADEMY
PARAGRAPHS
1. SCHOOL LIBRARY
2. PATRIOTISM
3. PLEASURE OF READING
4. HOLIDAYS
5. LIFE IS REAL
6. LIFE IS EARNEST
7. PRESENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN TRIPURA
8. FLOODS AND FAMINES
9. ENERGY CRISIS
1. SCHOOL LIBRARY
A school library (or a school library media center) is a library within a school where
students, staff, and often, parents of a public (state) or private (fee paying) school have access to a variety of resources.
The goal of the school library media center is to ensure that all members of the school community have equitable access
"to boos and reading, to information, and to information technology."

A school library media center "uses all types of
media... is automated, and utili!es the "nternet #as well as boos$ for information gathering." %chool libraries are distinct
from public libraries because they serve as "learner&oriented laboratories which support, e'tend, and individuali!e the
school(s curriculum... A school library serves as the center and coordinating agency for all material used in the school."
)esearchers have demonstrated that school libraries have a positive impact on student achievement. *ore than +,
studies have been conducted in -. /.%. states and one 0anadian province. The ma1or finding of these studies is that
students with access to a well&supported school library media program with a qualified school library media specialist,
scored higher on reading assessments regardless of their socio&economic statuses. "n addition, a study conducted in
2hio revealed that ...34 of students surveyed believed that their school librarians and school library media programs
helped them succeed in school.
2. PATRIOTISM
5atriotism is a noble sentiment. "t is love for the motherland. "t is said that one who loves not
his country, can love nothing. %ir 6alter %cott rightly observed 78reathes there the man with soul so dead who never to
himself has said, this is my own, my native land9. "t is a sentiment observed all over the world by developed as well as
well as developing countries. :ast or west, home is the best, goes the saying. "ts force is unquestionable. :ven animals
move out in their own areas and do not allow others to intrude.;istory gives the names of many heroes, who, in the name
of patriotism, laid down their lives for the cause of their motherland. "n our own country, )ana 5ratap, Tipu %ultan,
8hagat %ingh, and Alluri %eetharama )a1u are a few of the many patriots worth remembering.<ying for the cause of
one=s motherland is a great honour. "t is this conviction that helps our soldiers to fight wars. *any a poet has sung
7There is no land lie :ngland, There is no man lie an :nglishman9. 5atriotism to politics is what faith is to religion.
)eligion and language are said to be unifying forces in a %tate. "t is said that patriotism is itself a religion and that it is an
egg from which many wars are hatched. This is true. 5a!triotism has no place for those with empty stomachs. The
country should also be lovable to be loved. 2nly united effort of a patriotic spirit can meet these challenges. *an wants
to live in peace wherever he is. *a country, right or wrong, is no longer a correct view. As >.8. %haw says you will never
have a peaceful world unless you ic out patriotism from the human race. Till then let us follow the principle 7love not
only what is your, but love all that belongs to the human race=.
3. PLEASURE OF READING
%ome people get pleasure from picnics and tours. 2thers lie to discuss various topics and
find pleasure in it. 8ut the reading of boos provides us with such pleasure as we do not get from any other activity.
>reat is the blessing of boos.8oos are written by learned persons. They contain the best e'periences and thoughts of
their writers. ?iterature is said to mirror society. 6riters put in their boos not only their own ideas and feelings, but
also what they observe and find in society. The boos of the past reflect the condition of the times in which they were
written. 8y reading boos written by great thiners, we come in contact with their minds. 8oos enable us to now the
best of different countries. %o, if we want to eep abreast of the great minds of all ages, we must read boos.6hen we are
alone, boos are our best friends. They entertain us in our spare moments. >ood novels, boos on poetry and short
stories, give great en1oyment. At times we become so absorbed in our boos that we forget even our important
engagements. ?oneliness is no trouble for a reader."f we are in a cheerful mood, our 1oy is increased by reading. 6hen
we are in a depressed and de1ected mood, boos console and soothe our troubled minds. They provide us with the best
advice and guidance in our difficulties. "ndeed, boos are out best friends as they help us in our need.8oos contain
grains of wisdom. They give us sound moral advice. That is why all great men of our country have lied to read the >ita
and the )amayan. The e'ample of )ama and %ita is cited, whenever we want to emphasi!e noble deeds and their results.
@ow&a&days the world is changing fast. A man cannot remain in roach with the changes in his own country, or in the
world, without reading the latest literature. 2ne who wants to be respected in cultured society must eep himself well&
informed. >ood maga!ines, newspapers and other boos provide us with valuable upto&date information. "t gives us
great pleasure to feel that our nowledge is upto&date. 6e get great satisfaction when we feel ourselves to be well&
informed and capable of moving in any educated society. )eading of good boos is the ey to the store&house of pleasure.
4. FLOODS AND FAMINES
Aloods, droughts and famines are also natural calamities lie earthquaes and
volcanoes which man has to face. ;owever, there is a case of floods, drought and famines he is able to control them,
diminish the danger and at times even completely eliminate them as in the case of famines.Aloods are caused by three
factors B -. 0loud burst, C. *onsoon depression and D. Tropical cyclones. 2f late, deforestation and soil erosion are also
causing floods. "ndia depends for its rain on both the monsoons, south&western and north&eastern. The south&west
monsoons start in *ay and continue up to the end of %eptember. The north&east monsoon starts in @ovember and
continues right up to the middle of Eanuary.;eavy rain caused an account of the three seasons referred to, result in the
overflow of rivers. The ma1or rivers that cause floods in "ndia are the >anges and its tributaries, the 8rahmaputra and
the >odavari. The problem has become severe now on account of deforestation and depositing of soils in the beds.The
cyclones are more dangerous as they are combined with high speed winds. A cyclonic storm with the forming of an eye
may tae any direction. The high speed winds which start a cyclone cause more damage than the accompanying
floods.<roughts are caused on account of scanty rainfall. This happens mostly on account of vagaries of monsoons which
are not under our control. They also usually occur in rain shadow areas lie Anantapur and *ahaboobmnagar districts
of Andhra 5radesh and in some district in *aharashtra and )a1asthan. They also can be overcome by adopting
scientific methods of conservation of soil and by constructing chec dams, water level could be raised. This would help to
avoid droughts.
. LIFE IS EARNEST

In the West an ancient philosopher (Charbak) has been constructed as having said,eat,
drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we may die and the burntup body would not come back! " #indu philosopher
also counseled material en$oyment of the present since the future is uncertain and even gloomy! %thers counsel
escape from the realities of life, since this life is only a maya or an illusion! "gainst this attitude poet, &ongfellow, in
his wellknown lines, enters a strong protest! #e tells us that life is a serious business' it is something real, something
that is not the mere shadow or a dream!(hat life is real is a glaringly obvious fact! We cannot e)plain away the fact of
our e)istence' they are only too true and tangible! We feel this reality in our consciousness, in our appetites, in our
aspiration, in our $oys and sorrows! &ife may be pleasant or unpleasant that depends on many factors' but we feel
its tangible reality in the very fact of being alive from moment to moment with the tingle in the blood!(here are those
who believe that since death is the end of life, *why should life all labour be*+ We may occasionally need to escape
from reality, but it will never do to forget that life has to be lived on its own terms, and it is not for us to dictate those
terms! Indeed, every normal individual, who has common humanity in him, must feel that in the face of human
sufferings and human miseries, it is his duty to do his best to improve the conditions of human life and to lessen its
sufferings and miseries! &ife is work, even struggle! (hose who want to escape struggle turn a sannyasi or recluse!
,uddha was led by the sight of these to renounce his kingdom so as to be able to devote himself more fully to the task
of redressing human sufferings! Christ brought the touch of healing to an afflicted world! -arl .ar) taught a practical
way of life, based on reason, to do away with the problems and sufferings! It is only by such acceptance of life with a
sense of mission that we can each help to make the world a better and happier place than we found it!#ence, we must
read in the works of the poet both advice and a warning! (he warning is that we must not waste our life! (he advice is
that we have to regard life as something real and serious and live our life in this spirit! /oman poet #orace said, *he
who postpones the hour of living rightly is like the rustic who waits for the river to run out before he crosses!*

!. ENERGY CRISIS
In the modern industrialized society power is an essential ingredient of economic
development. For developing country like India, it is the life-line of our progress.Coal is one of the important sources of
energy in India. The total workable reserves of coal are estimated at ,!",""" million tonnes for the country as a whole.
Two-thirds of India#s coal reserves lie too deep and their e$traction is not profitable under the present technological
conditions. The production of selected grades of coal has not risen significantly and this is because of the e$haustion of
workable resources. From the above %uoted statistics one can easily gather that coal cannot be considered as a dependable
source of energy for industry in India.&ineral oil is the other important source of energy. The total resources of mineral
oil, as estimated in 'ecember, ()* are of the order of ++ million tonnes .,lectric energy is the principal source of power
in India at present. In this respect India is far behind the advanced countries in the installed capacity and production of
electric power. -.../. produced 0* times as much energy as India in (0" and in 1apan per capita electric energy
production is ! times that of India. /t the end of the Fourth 2lan production of power in the public sector will be raised to
*! million 34 whereas the beginning of the First 2lan the total installed capacity stood at *#! million 34.,nergy crisis in
itself seems to be somewhat insignificant but it has important alter and side effects. If there is a serious energy crisis it
may affect the industrial development, there may be a complete depression in industry. The depression in industry would
lead to economic crises in the country. For a developing nation like India where it is necessary to inculcate confidence and
where it is necessary to strengthen democratic forces this type of situation should never arise. ,nergy helps in making the
country prosperous and the recent crisis made all the .tates of India to shelve some of the plans of industrial development.