Multimedia Systems: Lehrstuhl Für Informatik IV RWTH Aachen

Lehrstuhl fr Informatik 4
Kommunikation und verteilte Systeme
Organization
Lecture
Lecture takes place on Thursday, 10:00 11:30 and
13:15 - 14:45
The lecture is planned with 3 hours / week
Not each date is needed, some are skipped
First lecture dates are planned, the further dates are
announced in time
Multimedia Systems
April 28th 2005

May 12th 2005
June 2nd 2005
June 9th 2005
June 16th 2005
Exercises
Lehrstuhl fr Informatik IV
RWTH Aachen
Prof. Dr. Otto Spaniol

Dr. rer. nat. Dirk Thien
Chapter 1: Introduction
April 21st 2005
Page 1
In principle, every 14 days

Exercise is given on Tuesday
Frontal exercise
Exact dates depend upon the lecture
dates
Exercise sheets are provided on the
web page two weeks before an
exercise date
May 10th 2005

June 7th 2005
June 21st 2005
Page 2
Organization
Literature
Slide Copies
Copies to the lecture slides as well as exercise sheets are placed on the web page to
the lecture:
Books
Steinmetz, R,; Nahrstedt, K.: Media Coding and Content Processing. Prentice Hall,
2002
Steinmetz, R.; Nahrstedt, K.: Multimedia Systems. Springer Verlag, 2004
Steinmetz, R.; Nahrstedt, K.: Multimedia Applications. Springer Verlag, 2004
Froitzheim: Multimedia Kommunikation. dpunkt, 1997
http://www-i4.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/content/teaching/lectures/sub/mms/mmsSS05/index.html
Written Exam
At the end of summer term
Contact Information for questions regarding lecture/exercises

Prof. Dr. Otto Spaniol, Dr. Dirk Thien
Lehrstuhl fr Informatik IV, RWTH Aachen
Ahornstrae 55, 52074 Aachen
Phone: 0241 / 80 21400/21450
eMail: {spaniol, thissen}@informatik.rwth-aachen.de
Magazines
Multimedia Systems, ACM/Springer
Multimedia Magazine, IEEE
Page 3
Page 4
What is Multimedia?
Simple definition of Multimedia:
Facets of Medium
1. Perception Medium - How do humans perceive information in a computer
environment? (by seeing, by hearing, ...)
Multi - Media
2. Representation Medium - How is the information encoded in the computer?

(ASCII, PCM, MPEG, ...)
Any kind of system that supports more than one kind of medium
3. Presentation Medium - Which medium is used to output information from the

computer or to bring it into the computer?
Output: paper, loudspeaker, monitor,...
Is Television Multimedia?
Input: keyboard, microphone, camera, ...
Definition:
Multimedia means the integration of continuous media (e.g., audio, video) and
discrete media (e.g., text, graphics, images) through which the digital information
can be conveyed to the user in an appropriate way.
4. Storage Medium - Where is the information stored?
Multi:
many, much, multiple
Medium:
A means to distribute and represent information
6. Information Exchange Medium (combination of storage and transmission media) Which information carrier will be used for information exchange between different
locations?
Page 5
Page 6
Classification of Media
Data Streams
When transmitted or played out, continuous media need a changing set of data in terms of
time, i.e. data streams. How to deal with such streams?
Each medium defines

Representation values
Representation space
Asynchronous Transmission
Suitable for communication with no time restrictions (discrete media)
E.g. electronic mail
Representation values determine the information representation of different media:

continuous representation values (e.g. electro-magnetic waves)
discrete representation values (e.g. characters of a text in digital form)
Representation space determines the technique to output the media information, usually
visually (e.g., paper, slideshow) or acoustically (e.g., speakers)
Synchronous Transmission
Beginning of transmission may only take place at well-defined times
A clock signal runs the synchronization between a sender and a receiver
Isochronous Transmission
Periodic transmissions, time separation between subsequent transmissions is a multiple
of a certain unit interval
A maximum and a minimum end-to-end delay for each packet of a data stream (limited
jitter) is required
An end-to-end network connection is isochronous if it has a guaranteed bit rate and if the
jitter also is guaranteed and small
Spatial dimensions:
Two dimensional (2D graphics)
Three dimensional (holography)
Temporal dimensions:
Time independent (document) - discrete media (e.g. text of a book)
Time dependent (movie) - continuous media (e.g. sound, video)
5. Transmission Medium - Which kind of medium is used to transmit the information?

(copper cable, radio, ...)
Page 7
Page 8
Data Stream Characteristics
Strongly periodic data streams

Identical intervals T
No jitter (optimally)
Example: uncompressed audio
Weakly periodic data streams
Periodic intervals T
Timing variations in the intervals
Example: segmented transmission
Aperiodic data streams
Arbitrary intervals
Example: transmission of mouse
control signals
t
T
t
T1
T2
T3
T1
T2
T3
T
t
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
Page 9
Strongly regular data streams

Quantity remains constant during the entire lifetime
of the stream
Typical for uncompressed video/audio
D1
D1
D1
D1
t
D1
D2
D3
D1
D2
D3
t
Irregular data streams

Quantity is neither constant nor periodically changing
Typical for compressed audio/video
Harder to transmit/process
D1
D2
...
D3
Dn
t
Page 10
Fields of the Lecture
Continuous media consist of a time-dependent sequence of individual information units:

Logical Data Units (LDUs)
Example: Symphony
A symphony consists of independent movements, movements consists of scores
Using e.g. PCM, 44.100 samples are made per second. On a CD, samples are grouped
into units with a duration of 1/75 second
Possible LDUs with different granularity: movements, scores, groups, samples. Used in
digital signal processing: sampling values as LDUs
D1
Weakly regular data streams

Quantity varies periodically
Can result from some compression techniques
E.g. videos coded with MPEG
Example: Movie
Consists of scenes represented by clips, clips
consist of single frames, frames consist of blocks
of e.g. 16x16 pixels. Pixels can consist of
chrominance and luminance values
Using e.g. MPEG, inter-frame coding is used,
thus image sequences are the smallest
sufficient LDUs
Applications
Usage
Learning
Content
Analysis
Services
Design
Security
Documents
User Interfaces
Databases
Systems
Movie
Media Server
Frames
Group
Communication
Programming
Operating Systems
Optical Storage
Clips
Synchronization
Communication
Quality of Service
Networks
Compression
Blocks
Basics
Computer
Architecture
Pixels
Page 11
Graphics &
Images
Animation
Video
Audio
Page 12
Content
Chapter 2: Basics
Audio Technology
Images and Graphics
Video and Animation
Chapter 3: Multimedia Systems - Communication Aspects and Services
Voice over IP, Video conferencing
Group Communication, Synchronization
Quality of Service and Resource Management
Chapter 4: Multimedia Systems Storage Aspects
Optical storage media
Multimedia file systems, Multimedia databases
Chapter 5: Multimedia Usage
Design and User Interfaces, Abstractions for Programming
Page 13

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Lehrstuhl fr Informatik 4

Kommunikation und verteilte Systeme

April 28th 2005

Prof. Dr. Otto Spaniol

April 21st 2005

In principle, every 14 days

May 10th 2005

Contact Information for questions regarding lecture/exercises

Simple definition of Multimedia:

2. Representation Medium - How is the information encoded in the computer?

3. Presentation Medium - Which medium is used to output information from the

Input: keyboard, microphone, camera, ...

4. Storage Medium - Where is the information stored?

many, much, multiple

A means to distribute and represent information

Each medium defines

Representation values determine the information representation of different media:

5. Transmission Medium - Which kind of medium is used to transmit the information?

Data Stream Characteristics

Data Stream Characteristics

Strongly periodic data streams

Strongly regular data streams

Irregular data streams

Data Stream Characteristics

Fields of the Lecture

Continuous media consist of a time-dependent sequence of individual information units:

Weakly regular data streams

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