Tic Tac Toe Game Using Arduino: Project Report ON

PROJECT REPORT
ON
TIC TAC TOE GAME USING ARDUINO
PREPARED IN THE PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF EL203 EMBEDDED
HARDWARE DESIGN PROJECT
Submitted by:-
ARIJIT BASU (201101117)
EKTA ARORA (201101116)
KANIKA MEHTA (201101118)
MANAS ROY (201101115)
III rd Year, B.Tech. (ICT)
Under the guidance of
Prof. Rahul Dubey

DHIRUBHAI AMBANI INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
GANDHINAGAR, GUJARAT

Arijit Basu (201101117) Ekta Arora (201101116)
Kanika Mehta (201101118) Manas Roy (201101115)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank Prof. Rahul Dubey for giving us the opportunity to do this project
and helping us get started. We would also like to thank him for his continuous guidance and
support.
We would also like to thank our teaching Assistants.
Finally I would like to thank my family and friends for putting up with my constant
moaning about the project and supporting me through the difficult times!


Table of contents
1.0 Team members
2.0 Project Requirement
3.0 Project Specifications
4.0 Design Methodology
5.0 Software Algorithm and Flowchart
6.0 Hardware Schematic
7.0 Testing
8.0 Appendix


1.0 TEAM MEMBERS AND RESPONSIBILITY
1. Manas Roy 201101115
Contributed in building the circuit on the breadboard.
2. Ekta Arora 201101116
Contributed in the documentation and building of the algorithm.
3. Arijit Basu 201101117
Contributed in the documentation and software.
4. Kanika Mehta 201101118
Contributed in building the algorithm and software.


2.0 REQUIREMENTS
The purpose of the project was to build a two player Tic-Tac-Toe game. The Tic-Tac-Toe was
designed to meet specifications that were set to ensure a user friendly game.
The objective of the project was:-
1) To learn the basic design process of an Arduino
2) To learn the basic functionality of an IR Sensor (TSOP)
3) To design a 2 player Tic-Tac-Toe game and meet specifications.
4) To gain experience using Arduino along with processing IDE.
Tic Tac Toe is an entertainment game and a fun way to learn the basic design process of an
Arduino. The use of IR rays to interface with external hardware using sensors has many
important implications.
This document explains the layout process of the project. Finally recommendations for people
working on similar projects and possible future work are provided.

Kanika Mehta (201101118) Manas Roy (201101115) Page 1

3.0 SPECIFICATION

The Tic-Tac-Toe project is an interactive game between two players. The circuit was built
using Arduino as an open source electronic platform. Arduino can sense the environment by
receiving input from a variety of sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling
lights, motors, and other actuators.
Following specification was decided for our project.
1. A tic-tac-toe game with a mesh of 3x3 LEDs.
2. Controlled via a TV Remote. (IR). 1-9 keys on remote denote the position of the LED.
3. A player alternates using the TV Remote.
4. The first player's LED is always bright (solids) and the second player's LED blinks. (a
novel idea considering we had only 1 color LED's.)

In most cases, the objectives of the project were met. The TSOP was used as an IR sensor to
receive input from the TV remote and the Arduino decoded the input using the predefined
library IRremote.h.


4.0 DESIGN METHOLOGY
In this section, the steps taken to design the circuit are explained. The topology of the
circuit is explained first followed by a brief description of IRremote.h. Finally the output for
each button 1-9 of the IR Remote is calculated experimentally.
4.1 TSOP 1738 IR SENSOR
Tsop is an IR receiver which will help you to interface your TV remote with arduino.
The TSOP outputs a constant HIGH signal when idle and as it receives data, it tends to invert the
data. i.e when an IR LED is transmitting data onto the TSOP, every time the IR led goes high,
the TSOP will go LOW and vice versa. Remote control signals are often bytes of data that is
encoded and transmitted by pulsing(switching ON & OFF the IR LED at a specific frequency)
Most TV remote controls work at 32-40 Khz frequency and most receivers can receive this
range.
The SIRC protocol uses a pulse width encoding of the bits. The pulse representing a logical "1"
is a 1.2ms long burst of the 40kHz carrier, while the burst width for a logical "0" is 0.6ms long.
All bursts are separated by a 0.6ms long space interval
4.1.1 TSOP PHYSICAL STRUCTURE
The photo module has a circuitry inside for amplifying the coded pulses from the IR transmitter.
The front end of the circuit has a PIN photodiode and the input signal is passed into an
Automatic Gain Control(AGC) stage from which the signal passes into a Band pass filter and
finally into a demodulator. The demodulated output drives an NPN transistor. The collector of
this transistor forms the output at pin3 of the module. Output remains high giving + 5 V in the
standby state and sinks current when the PIN photodiode receives the modulated IR signals
4.1.2 MODULATION IN TSOP
The black bars in the below image correspond to high signals (called marks) and the
white spaces in between correspond to low signals (called spaces). The duration of the 'marks'


varies according to the bit being transmitted. It is 2.4ms for the start bit, 1.2ms for HIGH bit and
0.6ms for LOW bit. The duration of the 'spaces' is a constant 0.6ms. Every mark is followed by a
space. Any data can be converted to binary format and transmitted in this manner. In fact this is
the basic form of all types of Serial Communication.

4.1.3 Specifications of TSOP 1738 IR Receiver is :-
1. Supply Voltage: 0.3...6.0 V.
2. Supply Current: 5 mA.
3. Output Voltage: 0.3...6.0 V.
4. Output Current: 5 mA.
5. Junction Temperature: 100 C
6. Storage Temperature Range: 25...+85 C
7. Operating Temperature Range: 25...+85C


The input voltage Vs and GND for the TSOP is given directly from the 5V power pin and
the GND of the Arduino. The output of the TSOP is received in the digital pin 11 of the output.
4.2 IRremote.h
The library function IRremote was used to decode the bitstream value from the remote
and run the Tic Tac Toe code. IRremote acts like 2 libraries, one for sending and one for
receiving. Usually it's easiest to find the codes to transmit by first using the receiver.
Receiving
IRrecv irrecv(receivePin)
Create the receiver object, using a name of your choice.
irrecv.enableIRIn()
Begin the receiving process. This will enable the timer interrupt which consumes a small amount
of CPU every 50 s.
irrecv.decode(&results)
Attempt to receive a IR code. Returns true if a code was received, or false if nothing received
yet. When a code is received, information is stored into "results".
results.decode_type: Will be one of the following: NEC, SONY, RC5, RC6, or UNKNOWN.
results.value: The actual IR code (0 if type is UNKNOWN)
results.bits: The number of bits used by this code
results.rawbuf: An array of IR pulse times
results.rawlen: The number of items stored in the array
irrecv.resume()
After receiving, this must be called to reset the receiver and prepare it to receive another code.
irrecv.blink13(true)
Enable blinking the LED when during reception. Because you can't see infrared light, blinking
the LED can be useful while troubleshooting, or just to give visual feedback.
IRremote requires a timer for both transmitting and receiving.


4.3 DECODING THE BUTTONS 1-9 FROM THE REMOTE
The following code was used to receive the decoded values in the Serial Monitor. The
values calculated in the flowchart are used in the main code for the Tic-Tac-Toe game.
#include <IRremote.h>

int RECV_PIN = 11;

IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN);

decode_results results;

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
irrecv.enableIRIn(); // Start the receiver
}

void loop() {
if (irrecv.decode(&results)) {
Serial.println(results.value, HEX);
irrecv.resume(); // Receive the next value
}
}
BUTTON REMOTE_VALUE.DECODE
0 948321216
1 948321248
2 948321232
3 948321264
4 948321224
5 948321256
6 948321240
7 948321272
8 948321220
9 948321252
The decoded value is used by the micro controller of the Arduino to determine the input
value from the remote.


5.0 SOFTWARE ALGORITHM AND FLOWCHART
5.1.1 ALGORITHM FOR TIC TAC TOE
1) For i=1 to i=9
Begin:
Set pinMode i=OUTPUT
End
2)user=1
3) Initialize the reciever object
4)Wait for TSOP to receive value
5) if result=input from the remote
Begin
For i=1 to i=9
Begin:
If(button_value(i)=result)
If(user=1)
Begin:
Set LED(i)=HIGH
User=2
End
Else
Begin:
LED(i)=BLINK
User=1
End


6)If no. of turns=9 or if either of the player wins EXIT.
5.1.2 ALGORITHM FOR WINNING
1) If no. of turns<9
Begin:
For j=1 to j=2
Begin
For i=1 to i=3
Begin:
If(Row[i] is filled by user[j]) or Column[i] is filled by user[j])
Return WIN;
If(Diagonal elements are filled by user[j])
Return WIN
End
End
Else
Return DRAW
End


5.2 FLOWCHART

5.2.1 Tic-tac-toe Flow-Chart

No

Yes
Yes No

No Yes Yes
No

Start

Result=Input
from remote
If Button[i].encodedValue==result.value
If user==player1
LED[i] High, count++
LED[i] Blink, count++
User=player2 User=player1
User=player1, count=0
C
If player1 wins or
count==9
EXIT
EXIT
If player2 wins or
count==9


5.2.2 Wining Flowchart
a) For player1

b) For player2
Similar to the player1 case if the led BLINKS rather than being HIGH.

Start
If
Atleast one row out of the three rows or
atleast one column out of the three
columns or atleast one diagonal out of the
two diagonals is HIGH

player1 WINS


6.0 HARDWARE SCHEMATIC

1) Pin 2-10 are connected to corresponding LEDs.
2) The pin 1 of TSOP is connected to the GND pin of the Arduino. Pin 2 of the TSOP is
connected to the 5V power pin and Pin 3 is connected to the digital pin 11 of the Arduino.
3) The LEDs can be grounded using the GND pin of the Arduino.


7.0 OBSERVATION AND TEST RESULT
TEST NUMBER TEST DONE RESULT
1
Pressing numbers 1 to 9 of the
remote and printing the
corresponding bit code of each
number on the serial monitor.
Every output corresponding to
each button input had different
bit code and were printed
accordingly.
2
Check if the led corresponding
to each button is responding.
Every led was responding on
its corresponding button click.
3
Check if the led is HIGH and
BLINKING for player1 and
player2 respectively.
The alternate chosen LEDs by
the button click were HIGH
and BLINKING.
4
Check if the winning
condition is detected correctly.
Winning condition is satisfied
correctly.


8.0 APPENDIX CODE

#include <IRremote.h>
int RECV_PIN = 11;
IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN);
decode_results results;
int i = 0;
int blinkarray[11];
int user=0;
int flag=0;
void setup()
{
for(i=2;i<11;i++)
{
pinMode(i,OUTPUT);
}
irrecv.enableIRIn(); // Start the Remote receiver
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
over:
if(flag==9)
{
flag++;
Serial.println("Draw");
for(int j=2;j<11;j++)
{
if(blinkarray[j]==2)
digitalWrite(j,LOW);
}
}
if(flag<9)
{
if(win())
{
Serial.print("Player ");
Serial.print(user+1);
Serial.println(" win");
flag=10;
{


}
goto over;
}
blinkOrNot();
Serial.println("Player");
Serial.print(" ");
Serial.println(user+1);
for(i=0;i<=90000;i++)
{
if(irrecv.decode(&results))
goto cont;

}

cont:
switch(results.value) // if the '+' button is pressed
{
case 948321248:
i=1;
setArray();
break;// 948321248 is the value for '1'
case 948321232:
i=2;
setArray();
case 948321264:
i=3;
setArray();
case 948321224:
i=4;
setArray();
case 948321256:
i=5;
setArray();
case 948321240:
i=6;
setArray();
case 948321272:
i=7;
setArray();
case 948321220:
i=8;


setArray();
case 948321252:
i=9;
setArray();
case 948321216:
i=0;
}
delay(300); // small delay to avoid debounce
irrecv.resume(); // Receive the next value
}
}

void blinkOrNot()
{
{
{
digitalWrite(j,HIGH);
}
}
{
{
digitalWrite(j,HIGH);
}
}
{
{
delay(50);
}
}
{
{
}
}
{


{
delay(50);
}
}
}
void setArray()
{
if(user==0)
{
blinkarray[i+1]=1;
user=1;
flag++;
}
else
{
blinkarray[i+1]=2;
user=0;
flag++;
}
}
boolean win()
{
if(user==0)
{
if(blinkarray[2]==blinkarray[3]&&blinkarray[3]==blinkarray[4]&&blinkarray[4]==1)
return true;
else if(blinkarray[5]==blinkarray[6]&&blinkarray[6]==blinkarray[7]&&blinkarray[7]==1)
return true;
return true;
return true;
return true;
return true;
return true;
return true;
else
return false;
}
else{
if(blinkarray[2]==blinkarray[3]&&blinkarray[3]==blinkarray[4]&&blinkarray[4]==2)
return true;


return true;
return true;
return true;
return true;
return true;
return true;
return true;
else
return false;
}
}

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