Booker Taliaferro Washington (April 5, 1856 November 14, 1915) was an African-American

educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915,
Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American community.
Washington was of the last generation of black American leaders born into slavery and became the
leading voice of the former slaves and their descendants, who were newly oppressed
by disfranchisement and the Jim Crow discriminatory laws enacted in the post-
Reconstruction Southern states in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1895 his Atlanta
compromise called for avoiding confrontation over segregation and instead putting more reliance on
long-term educational and economic advancement in the black community.
His base was the Tuskegee Institute, an historically black college in Alabama. As lynchings in the
South reached a peak in 1895, Washington gave a speech in Atlanta that made him nationally
famous. The speech called for black progress through education and entrepreneurship. His message
was that it was not the time to challenge Jim Crow segregation and the disfranchisement of black
voters in the South. Washington mobilized a nationwide coalition of middle-class blacks, church
leaders, and white philanthropists and politicians, with a long-term goal of building the community's
economic strength and pride by a focus on self-help and schooling. Secretly, he supported court
challenges to segregation.
[1]
Black militants in the North, led by W.E.B. DuBois, at first supported
the Atlanta Compromise but after 1909 set up the NAACP and tried to challenge Washington's
political machine for leadership in the black community. Decades after Washington's death in 1915,
the Civil Rights movement generally moved away from his policies to take the more militant NAACP
approach.
Booker T. Washington mastered the nuances of the political arena in the late 19th century which
enabled him to manipulate the media, raise money, strategize, network, pressure, reward friends and
distribute funds while punishing those who opposed his plans for uplifting blacks. His long-term goal
was to end the disfranchisement of the vast majority of African Americans living in southern states,
where most of the millions of black Americans still lived.
[2]

Overview
Washington was born a slave in Virginia. After emancipation, his family resettled in West Virginia. He
worked his way through Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (now Hampton University) and
attended college at Wayland Seminary (now Virginia Union University). In 1881 he was named as the
first leader of the new Tuskegee Institute in Alabama.
Washington attained national prominence for his Atlanta Address of 1895, which attracted the
attention of politicians and the public, making him a popular spokesperson for African-American
citizens. He built a nationwide network of supporters in many black communities, with black ministers,
educators and businessmen composing his core supporters. Washington played a dominant role in
black politics, winning wide support in the black community of the South and among more liberal
whites (especially rich Northern whites). He gained access to top national leaders in politics,
philanthropy and education. Washington's efforts included cooperating with white people and enlisting
the support of wealthy philanthropists, helping to raise funds to establish and operate thousands of
small community schools and institutions of higher education for the betterment of blacks
throughout the South. This work continued for many years after his death. Washington argued that
the surest way for blacks to gain equal social rights was to demonstrate "industry, thrift, intelligence
and property."
Northern critics called Washington's widespread organization the "Tuskegee Machine". After 1909,
Washington was criticized by the leaders of the newNAACP, especially W. E. B. Du Bois, who
demanded a stronger tone of protest for advancement of civil rights needs. Washington replied that
confrontation would lead to disaster for the outnumbered blacks in society, and that cooperation with
supportive whites was the only way to overcome pervasive racism in the long run. At the same time,
he secretly funded litigation for civil rights cases, such as challenges to southern constitutions and
laws that disfranchised blacks.
[1][3][page needed]
Washington was on close terms with national Republican
Party leaders, and often was asked for political advice by presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William
Howard Taft.
[4]

In addition to his contributions in education, Washington wrote 14 books; his autobiography, Up From
Slavery, first published in 1901, is still widely read today. During a difficult period of transition, he did
much to improve the working relationship between the races. His work greatly helped blacks to
achieve higher education, financial power and understanding of the U.S. legal system. This
contributed to blacks' attaining the skills to create and support the Civil Rights Movement of the
1960s, leading to the passage of important federal civil rights laws.
Career overview



William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 23 April 1850) was a major English Romantic poet who,
with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch theRomantic Age in English literature with the 1798
joint publication Lyrical Ballads.
Wordsworth's magnum opus is generally considered to be The Prelude, a semiautobiographical poem
of his early years which he revised and expanded a number of times. It was posthumously titled and
published, prior to which it was generally known as "the poem to Coleridge". Wordsworth was
Britain's Poet Laureate from 1843 until his death in 1850.
First publication and Lyrical Ballads[edit]


Wordsworth in 1798, about the time he began The Prelude.
[10]

In his "Preface to Lyrical Ballads", which is called the "manifesto" of English Romantic criticism,
Wordsworth calls his poems "experimental." The year 1793 saw Wordsworth's first published poetry
with the collections An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches. He received a legacy of 900 from
Raisley Calvert in 1795 so that he could pursue writing poetry. That year, he met Samuel Taylor
Coleridge in Somerset. The two poets quickly developed a close friendship. In 1797, Wordsworth and
his sister Dorothy moved to Alfoxton House, Somerset, just a few miles away from Coleridge's home
in Nether Stowey. Together, Wordsworth and Coleridge (with insights from Dorothy) produced Lyrical
Ballads (1798), an important work in the English Romantic movement. The volume gave neither
Wordsworth's nor Coleridge's name as author. One of Wordsworth's most famous poems, "Tintern
Abbey", was published in the work, along with Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner". The
second edition, published in 1800, had only Wordsworth listed as the author, and included a preface
to the poems, which was augmented significantly in the 1802 edition. This Preface to Lyrical
Ballads is considered a central work of Romantic literary theory. In it, Wordsworth discusses what he
sees as the elements of a new type of poetry, one based on the "real language of men" and which
avoids the poetic diction of much 18th-century poetry. Here, Wordsworth gives his famous definition
of poetry as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected
in tranquility." A fourth and final edition of Lyrical Ballads was published in 1805.
The Borderers[edit]
From 1795 to 1797, he wrote his only play, The Borderers, a verse tragedy set during the reign
of King Henry III of England when Englishmen of the north country were in conflict with Scottish
rovers. Wordsworth attempted to get the play staged in November 1797, but it was rejected
by Thomas Harris, manager of Covent Garden Theatre, who proclaimed it "impossible that the play
should succeed in the representation". The rebuff was not received lightly by Wordsworth, and the
play was not published until 1842, after substantial revision.
[11]

The Prospectus[edit]
In 1814, he published The Excursion as the second part of the three-part The Recluse. He had not
completed the first and third parts, and never would. He did, however, write a poetic Prospectus to
"The Recluse" in which he lays out the structure and intent of the poem. The Prospectus contains
some of Wordsworth's most famous lines on the relation between the human mind and nature:
My voice proclaims
How exquisitely the individual Mind
(And the progressive powers perhaps no less
Of the whole species) to the external World
Is fitted:--and how exquisitely, too,
Theme this but little heard of among Men,
The external World is fitted to the Mind.
Some modern critics
[who?]
recognise a decline in his works beginning around the mid-1810s. But
this decline was perhaps more a change in his lifestyle and beliefs, since most of the issues that
characterise his early poetry (loss, death, endurance, separation and abandonment) were
resolved in his writings. But, by 1820, he enjoyed the success accompanying a reversal in the
contemporary critical opinion of his earlier works. Following the death of his friend the
painter William Green in 1823, Wordsworth mended relations with Coleridge.
[15]
The two were
fully reconciled by 1828, when they toured the Rhineland together.
[7]
Dorothy suffered from a
severe illness in 1829 that rendered her an invalid for the remainder of her life. In 1835,
Wordsworth gave Annette and Caroline the money they needed for support.
The Poet Laureate and other honours[edit]
Wordsworth received an honorary Doctor of Civil Law degree in 1838 from Durham University,
and the same honour from Oxford University the next year.
[7]
In 1842, the government awarded
him a civil list pension amounting to 300 a year. With the death in 1843 of Robert Southey,
Wordsworth became the Poet Laureate. He initially refused the honour, saying he was too old,
but accepted when Prime Minister Robert Peel assured him "you shall have nothing required of
you". He became the only laureate to write no official poetry. When his daughter, Dora, died in
1847, his production of poetry came to a standstill.
Death[edit]


Gravestone of William Wordsworth,Grasmere, Cumbria
William Wordsworth died by aggravating a case of pleurisy on 23 April 1850, and was buried
at St. Oswald's church in Grasmere. His widow Mary published his lengthy autobiographical
"poem to Coleridge" as The Prelude several months after his death. Though this failed to arouse
great interest in 1850, it has since come to be recognised as his masterpiece.


Wordsworth in 1798, about the time he began The Prelude.
[10]




Dandelion flower


Lavender blossoms







A dandelion (pronounced /dndla.n/ (DAN-dih-ly-un) is a flower. Many people call it a weed
[1]
.
They can be eaten by humans.
[2][3]
They are named for their sharp leaves that look like lion's
teeth.
[4]
Its seeds are like little parachutes that fly away with the wind, spreading and growing more
dandelions. They are used in China as medicine. Dandelion pollen can often make people
have allergies
Here are some interesting facts about the dandelion flower:
The dandelion is the only flower that represents the 3 celestial bodies of the sun, moon and stars. The
yellow flower resembles the sun, the puff ball resembles the moon and the dispersing seeds resemble
the stars.
The dandelion flower opens to greet the morning and closes in the evening to go to sleep.
Every part of the dandelion is useful: root, leaves, flower. It can be used for food, medicine and dye
for coloring.
Up until the 1800s people would pull grass out of their lawns to make room for dandelions and other
useful weeds like chickweed, malva, and chamomile.
The average American recognizes thousands of logos for commercial products, yet recognizes fewer
than five plants that grow in his/her area. Dandelions are most likely one of those familiar plants.
The name dandelion is taken from the French word dent de lion meaning lions tooth, referring to the
coarsely-toothed leaves.
Dandelions have one of the longest flowering seasons of any plant.
Seeds are often carried as many as 5 miles from their origin!
A not so fun fact: Every year Americans spend millions on lawn pesticides to have uniform lawns of
non-native grasses, and we use 30% of the countrys water supply to keep them green.


Here are some interesting facts about the dandelion flower:
The dandelion is the only flower that represents the 3 celestial bodies of the sun, moon and stars. The
yellow flower resembles the sun, the puff ball resembles the moon and the dispersing seeds resemble
the stars.
The dandelion flower opens to greet the morning and closes in the evening to go to sleep.
Every part of the dandelion is useful: root, leaves, flower. It can be used for food, medicine and dye
for coloring.
Up until the 1800s people would pull grass out of their lawns to make room for dandelions and other
useful weeds like chickweed, malva, and chamomile.
The average American recognizes thousands of logos for commercial products, yet recognizes fewer
than five plants that grow in his/her area. Dandelions are most likely one of those familiar plants.
The name dandelion is taken from the French word dent de lion meaning lions tooth, referring to the
coarsely-toothed leaves.
Dandelions have one of the longest flowering seasons of any plant.
Seeds are often carried as many as 5 miles from their origin!
A not so fun fact: Every year Americans spend millions on lawn pesticides to have uniform lawns of
non-native grasses, and we use 30% of the countrys water supply to keep them green.
Lavender is used in scents (both luxury perfumes and household products such as soaps and
detergents), but also in aromatherapy, decoration and foodstuffs, e.g. honey and nougat. It can take
on very different forms and colours.