I Ðû¦è[ª- þ¼÷ªî¦ô¢Ù 1 ÎÞœú£ªd 2005

Radha: Hi Roja, how are you? long since we
met.
( óÀª ôÁâ° Óö° Ñû¦oîËÂ? ÷ªìÙ ÚÛLú‡
à¦ö° ôÁV-öµjÙC.)
Roja: Fine thank you. How are you?
(û¶ìª ò°Þ¥û¶ Ñû¦oìª. ìªîµyö° Ñû¦o÷±?)
Radha: Fine to. Thanks. How about going to
the movie Black?
(ò°Þœªû¦o! ò°xÚ ú‡E÷«Ú¨ îµüŒ-ë¯÷«?)
Roja: I've (I have) seen it. Think of some
other movie.
(û¶ìC àŸ«ø‹ìª. ÏÙÚÁ ú‡E÷« Ôëµjû¦ àµí£±p)
Radha: I haven't (I have not) seen it so far.
so far=
(Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª û¶ìC àŸ«è[-ö¶ë]ª.
Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª)
Roja: That's surprising. It has run for three
weeks now, and you haven't seen it!
(ÎøŒaô¢uÙÞ¥ ÑÙë¶! ÍC ÷´è[ª î¦ô¦-õªÞ¥
Îè[ª-êÁÙC. ìª÷±y àŸ«è[-ö¶ë¯?)
Radha: How about some coffee before going
to a movie?
(ú‡E-÷«·Úü™x ÷³Ùë]ª Ú¥ú£h Ú¥íƈ ê¦Þœª-ë¯÷«?)
past participle (pp) î¦è[ê¦Ù.
a) ÍêŸè…E û¶ìª ÚÛõª-ú£ª-ÚÛª-û¦oìª.
I have met (have + pp) him.
ÏÚÛ\è[ ÞœêŸÙö˺, Ô çµjÙö˺ (Ô ôÁV, ûµõ, î¦ô¢Ù,
etc.) ÚÛõª-ú£ª-ÚÛª-ìoD êµLóŸª-â¶-óŸª-ÚÛ-ð¼-÷è[Ù ÷õx
have met- have + pp î¦è[ª-꟪û¦oÙ.
b) I met him yesterday.
ÏÚÛ\è[ yesterday ÍE çµjÙ êµLóŸª-â¶-óŸªè[Ù
÷õx Past Doing Word î¦è[ª-꟪û¦oÙ)
c) He has gone out.
time êµLóŸª-â¶-óŸªè[Ù ö¶ë]ª. Ú¥ñæ¨d has gone
- has + pp (for the past / for the last ten years = ÞœêŸ III) have + pp/ has + pp, just, just now Ïí£±p-è…-
d) He went out an hour ago. í£ë¶-üŒ‰xÞ¥ ÍÙç¶ í£ë¶üŒx vÚ¨êŸÙ ìªÙ# Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª) í£±pè¶ í£²ô¢h-ô³ì í£ìª-õÚÛª î¦è[ê¦Ù.
(
ÞœÙå vÚ¨êŸÙ ÍE çµjÙ êµLóŸª-â¶-óŸªè[Ù ÷õx 2) ÎóŸªì û¦õª-¸Þ-üŒ‰xÞ¥ ÏÙTxùà ò˺CÅÙà¦ô¢ª. a) Ú¥xúà Ïí£±pè¶ vð§ô¢Ù-òÅ¡-iÙC.
went- Past Doing Word) (Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª) The class has just begun.
e) She has bought a car. He has taught English for the past/ for the b) î¦Rx-í£±pè¶ ÷à¦aô¢ª.
(Î Ú¥ô¢ª Ú•ìoC.) last four years
. They have just arrived.
f) She bought it last week.
3) Î Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª 100 #vê¦ö˺x ìæ¨Ù-#ÙC.
She has acted in 100 movies so far.
(Î ë¯EE Ú¨Ùë]æ¨ î¦ô¢Ù Ú•ìoC)
Þœ÷ª-EÙ-à¦ô¢ª ÚÛ믖 4) ÍêŸìª ÏÙÚ¥ ô¦ö¶ë]ª.
÷«÷´-õªÞ¥ çµjÙ êµLóŸªâ¶óŸªE Past Actions He has not come yet/ so far.

çµjÙ êµõªþ§ êµLóŸªë¯..?

Roja: I have just had coffee. I don't feel like
drink any more. (ÞœêŸÙö˺ í£ìª-õª)ìª have/ has + pp ö˺ àµñªê¦Ù. (Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª ÍêŸìª ô¦ö¶ë]ª– ô¦ÚÛ-ð¼÷è[Ù
(Ïí£±pè¶ ê¦Þ¥ìª. ÷ªSx ê¦Þ¥-õE ö¶ë]ª.) ÞœêŸÙö˺ áJT çµjÙ êµL›í Past Actions ÚÛª Past Ïí£pæ¨ ÷ô¢ÚÛª áJ-TÙC).
Ð ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£-éö˺ Þœ÷ª-EÙ-à¦-Lqì Nù£óŸªÙ– Doing Words î¦è[ê¦Ù. (yet = ÏÙÚ¥; so far = Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª)

have + past participle (have + pp) / has + pp Ú¥ñæ¨d have + pp/ has + pp îµ³åd-îµ³-ë]æ¨ Ñí£- ÏÚÛ\è[ ÖÚÛæ¨ Þœ÷ª-EÙ-àŸÙè….
I, We, You and They
Ñí£-óµ«ÞœÙ. have +
Íô³ê¶ óµ«ÞœÙ – Past actions, time not stated (çµjÙ have been/ has been- ÏN forms. ÏÙêŸÚÛª
pp î¦è[ê¦Ù. He, She, It Íô³ê¶has + pp êµLóŸª-â¶-óŸªE, ÞœêŸÙö˺ áJ-Tì) í£ìª-õÚÛª î¦è[ê¦Ù. ÷³Ùë]ª êµõªú£ª-ÚÛªû¦oÙ.
î¦è[ê¦Ù. DEo present perfect tense ÍÙæ°Ù. Ð eg: 1) ìªî¦y ú‡E-÷«- àŸ«-ø‹î¦?
Íí£pæ¨ ìªÙ# Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª
form verb Have you seen the movie?
ÚÛª ÷ªJ-Ú•Eo Ñë¯--ô¢-éõª– ÑÙè[-è¯Eo 'have been/
has been'ö˺ êµL-óŸª-â¶þ§hÙ.
a) My father (he) has gone out.
2) î¦è[ª ÷à¦aè¯?
Has he come?
(÷« û¦ìoÞ¥ô¢ª ñóŸªåÚÛª îµü‹xô¢ª) 3) FÚÛª í‡õªí£± ÷#aÙë¯? Ú¨ÙC î¦Ú¥u-õìª How about going to the movie Black?
b) My mother has bought a saree for my sis- í£J-Q-LÙ-àŸÙè….
ter.
a) He has been a c) Î ENªù£Ù vÚ¨êŸî¶ª ñóŸªåÚÛª îµRxÙC.
(÷« Í÷ªt ÷« ú‡ú£d-ôÂÚÛª <ô¢ Ú•ìoC.) teacher of English for
c) My friends (they) have left for Hyderabad. She has gone out just a minute ago.
M. SURESAN
ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£é 26
the past two years.
(÷« všíÆÙèÂq šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°ë îµü‹xô¢ª.) Ðsentences just
ö˺ ö¶ë]-ìª-ÚÁÙè…. Íí£±pè[ª
d) Tendulkar has scored thirty five centuries
(ÎóŸªì ·ôÙè¶üŒ‰xÞ¥ ÏÙTxùà past action time not stated Í÷±-꟪ÙC.
so far.
æ©àŸôÂÞ¥ Ñû¦oè[ª.) They have just gone.
Have you received the invitation?
(çµÙè[«-õ\ô ÏÙêŸ÷ô¢ÚÛª 35 šúÙàŸ-Kõª Ú•æ°dè[ª.) b) He has taught English for the past two î¦Rx-í£±pè¶ îµü‹xô¢ª.
years.
e) The class has just begun.
4) Î ÓÚÛ\-è…Ú¨ îµRxÙC?
They have gone.
Where has she gone?
(Ú¥xúà Ïí£±pè¶ vð§ô¢ÙòšiÙC) (ÎóŸªì ·ôÙè¶-üŒ‰xÞ¥ ÏÙTxùà ò˺CÅÙ-à¦ô¢ª– Ïí£pæ¨ î¦üŒ‰x îµü‹xô¢ª.
f) We haven't (have not) read the report yet.
5) ÍêŸìª Ïí£pæ¨¸Ú ·ôÙè[ª Ú¥ô¢ªx ÷«ô¦aè[ª.
He has already (Ïí£p-樸Ú) changed two
÷ô¢ÚÛª.) Ú¨ÙC î¦Ú¥u-õìª English ö˺ GÞœ_-ô¢Þ¥ practice
(٠Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª Jð¼ôÂd àŸë]-÷-ö¶ë]ª) c) He has been an English teacher. à¶óŸªÙè….
cars.
ÏC æ©àŸ-ôÂÞ¥ ÑÙè[è[Ù. 1) çµÙè[«-õ\ôÂ ÞœêŸ 15 ú£Ù÷-êŸq-ô¦-õªÞ¥ vÚ¨·ÚæËÀ
Ïí£±pè[ª â°vÞœ-êŸhÞ¥ Þœ÷ªEÙ-àŸÙè…– II) have + pp/ has + pp
d) He has taught (ÏC action) English for the
·ôÙèÁ Ñí£óµ«ÞœÙ–
I) ÏÙêŸÚÛª÷³Ùë]ª êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÛªû¦oÙ past actions,
Îè¯è[ª.
past two years.
ÞœêŸÙö˺ vð§ô¢Ùòši Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª áJ-Tì/ ÏÙÚ¥
time stated (ÞœêŸÙö˺ áJT, çµjÙ êµL›í í£ìª-õÚÛª) áô¢ª-ÞœªêŸªìo í£ìªõÚÛª (Íí£±p-è[-í£±pè[«) have + 2) î¦Rx-ÚÛ\è[ ÓÙêŸ Ú¥õÙÞ¥ í£E-à¶-ø‹ô¢ª? ( How
šíj·ôÙè[ª sentences Ö¸Ú òÅ°î¦Eo ·ôÙè[ª Nëů- long î¦è[Ùè…)
Past Doing Words (came, sang, liked, knew pp/ has + pp î¦è[ê¦Ù.
ö°Ùæ¨ verbs) î¦è[ê¦Ù. õªÞ¥– 3) Î Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª æ© ê¦Þœ-ö¶ë]ª.
state of being
1) û¶ìª ÏÚÛ\è[ í£ë¶üŒ‰xÞ¥ Ñû¦oìª. (ÑÙè[è[Ù)Þ¥, 4) î¦üŒ‰x û¦õªÞœª ûµõ-õªÞ¥ û¦ÚÛª ÑêŸhô¢Ù ô¦óŸª-ö¶ë]ª.
1) ÞœêŸÙö˺ áJT çµjÙ êµL-óŸªE, êµLóŸª-â¶-óŸªE í£ìª- I have lived here for the past/ for the last
action (í£E)Þ¥ êµL-óŸª-â¶-ú£ªh-û¦oô³. 5) ú‡E÷« Ïí£±pè¶ vð§ô¢ÙòšiÙC.
õÚÛª have + past participle (pp)/ has + ten years.
6) î¦üŒ‰x Î í£±ú£hÚÛÙ àŸC-î¦ô¦?
ví£øŒo: ÞœêŸ î¦uþ§ö˺x ‘ÍêŸè[ª 2001 ìªÙ# Ú¥E. Íô³ê¶
7) ìªîµy-í£±p-è[û¦o û¦ÚÛª ú£ï£„óŸªÙ à¶ø‹î¦?
English ö˺ ÷«vêŸÙ Ïí£±pè[ª Am I- not êÁ Íô³ê¶ Aren't I î¦è¯L. 8) ٠÷« ú£«\õª ôÁVõ ìªÙ# ÚÛLú‡ àŸë]ª-÷±-
2003 ÷ô¢ÚÛª ÏÚÛ\è[ æ©àŸ-ôÂÞ¥ Ñû¦oè[ª’ ÑÙè[è[Ù, Óí£±pè[« ÑÙè[è¯Eo àµí£p-è¯-EÚ¨ ví£øŒo: þ¼p·ÚûË ÏÙTx-ùÃö˺ active voice Ú¨ ÚÛªû¦oÙ. (since our school days î¦è[Ùè…).
Íû¶ î¦Ú¥uEo ÏÙTx-ùÃö˺ 'He was a am, is, are; ÞœêŸÙö˺ Ñìoåªx àµí£p-è¯-EÚ¨– passive voice Ú¨ ê¶è¯ ÔNªæ¨? 9) ÓÙêŸÚ¥õÙ ÏÚÛ\è[ í£E à¶ø‹÷±?
teacher here from 2001 to 2003' was, were Ñí£-óµ«-Tþ§hÙ. 10) î¦RxÙêŸ÷ô¢ÚÛª ô¦ö¶ë]ª.
2001 ìªÙ# 2003 ÷ô¢ÚÛª ÞœêŸÙ (past)
– Ó. šíÙàŸ-õóŸªu, ô¦áÙ-›íå
Answers:
ÍE ô¦ø‹ô¢ª. êµõª-Þœªö˺ verb- pres-
ent tense, English ö˺ past tense Ú¥ñæ¨d, He was a teacher here from áî¦ñª: verb 'be' form + past participte 1) Tendulkar has played cricket for the past
2001 to 2003 ÚÛ·ôÚÂd. (PP) Íô³ê¶ ÍC passive voice. NªÞœê¦
ÏC ÚÛ·ô-¸Údû¦ N÷-JÙ-àŸÙè…. fifteen years.
forms ö˺ ÍC active. Passive voice ö˺ 2) How long have they worked here?
ÖÚÛ ÷uÚ¨h ñAÚ¨ ÑÙè[Þ¥ ÍêŸè… ÷'Ah ÏÚÛ-ð¼ê¶ ÖÚÛ ÷uÚ¨h ñAÚ¨ Ñìo-í£±pè[ª ÍêŸè…
verb ÑÙç¶ ‘ñè[ª’ Íû¶ Íô¢nÙ êµõª-Þœªö˺ 3) She has not taken/ has not had tea so far.
ÞœªJÙ# ൛íp-å-í£±pè[ª Ô Ú¥õÙö˺ ÷'Ah past Íô³ê¶ was, present Íô³ê¶ is,
Íô³û¦ be form verb Óö° Ñí£-óµ«- future ö˺ Íô³ê¶ will be/ shall be Ñí£-
÷ú£ªhÙC. 4) They haven't (have not) written a letter to
TÙ-à¦L? Question tag ö˺ Am I/ óµ«-TÙ-à¦L. Shops are closed on sundays. me for the past four months.
(verb- are closed- are (beform) + closed 5) The movie has just begun.
Are I, Amn't I/ Aren't I õö˺ ÔC Manmohan Singh was a Finance
(PP), verb- passive) - 6) Have they read the book?
Ñí£-óµ«-TÙ-à¦L? Minister (ÞœêŸÙö˺)
ÎC-î¦-ô¦õª shops ÷´óŸª-ñ-è[-ê¦ô³. 7) Have you ever helped me?
Manmohan Singh is Prime Minister
– X÷ªA ô¢êŸo-ví£-þ§-ë]-ô¦÷±, ÚÛõ-øŒ-ð§è[ª 8) We have studied together since our school
áî¦ñª: êµõª-Þœªö˺ Óí£±pè[ª Ñû¦o– Ñû¦oè[ª,
êµõª-Þœªö˺ passive ë¯ë¯í£± î¦è[Ù. English
days (since =
(ví£ú£ªhêŸÙ) ìªÙ#).
Manmohan Singh will be the PM for ö˺ ÚÛ«è¯ ÓÙêŸ êŸÚÛª\÷ î¦è…ê¶ ÷ªì òÅ°ù£ 9) How long have you worked here?
ÑÙC ÍÙæ°Ù. ÍC past Ú¥E, present ÍÙêŸ simple Þ¥ ú£ï£°-áÙÞ¥ ÑÙåªÙC.
some time to come (future) 10) They have not come so far.