1

Electrical Engineering &

Telecommunications
Lecturer:
Ted Spooner
POWER & ENERGY
Elec1111 Elec1111
Rm124A EE email: e.spooner@unsw.edu.au
Power
Power Power =time rate at which energy is consumed =time rate at which energy is consumed
or produced or produced
dw dw dq
v i
dt dq dt
= =

Denoted by symbol Denoted by symbol p p or or P P
Unit is watts, W Unit is watts, W
p v i =
dt
dw
p =
Energy
t
w p d

Energy absorbed (passive convention): Energy absorbed (passive convention):

Notation: Notation: w w or or W W
Unit: joule, J Unit: joule, J .. .. 1J =1Watt second 1J =1Watt second
w
p
t

w p t =
If p is constant:
Energy supplied to or by element ?
Find +ve and ve terminals
Convention: if +ve current enters +ve
terminal then external source must
expend energy to establish this current.
(Passive Convention)
v
ab
+ -
a b Terminal a is
is positive
with respect to terminal b.
v
ab
+ -
a b Terminal a is
v
ab
positive
with respect to terminal b.
i.e.
Our Power Convention!!!!!!!!!
p=vi gives power absorbed by element
also called power dissipated by element
or power delivered to the element
a b
+ v
_
i
Examples
a b
+ v =4 V
_
i =2 A
Hence
power absorbed is 8 W.
p =vi =8 W
2
Examples
a b
+ v =5 V
_
i =2 A
Hence power absorbed is
-10 W.
p =vi =-10 W
a b
- v =-5 V
+
i =2 A
case (A): power absorbed by element is
case (B): power absorbed by element is
case (C): power absorbed by element is
case (D): power absorbed by element is
12W
+
12W
-12W
12W
Power & Energy Example
A radiator is connected to a power supply of
250V and draws a current of 4A.
P =V.I =250 x 4
=1000Watts =1kW
If it is left on for 1 hour then the energy it
consumes is:
1kWhr
rs Watthou 1000 1 1000
.
=
= =
=

x
dt p w
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS
Resistors
Resistor =a circuit element
that impedes flow of charge.
Such a property is called
resistance.
Notation: R
Unit: ohm()
R
Power delivered to a resistor
v
p vi v
R

= =



2
v
p
R
=
( ) p vi iR i = =
2
p i R =
3
Resistors
coding using
4 colour bands
Specifications:
1. value ()
2. tolerance (%)
3. power dissipation (W)
thick-film
resistor
<1mm
Power delivered to a resistor
240V
100
1/4W
W
R
v
p 576
100
240
2 2
= = =
W p
4
1
>
Parked car with lights left on for 4 hrs
12
2
6
v
i A
R
= = =
car
battery
R =6
(lights)
i
_
+
v
12 2 24 p vi W = = =
Power absorbed by R:
12
s
v V =
12
s
v v V = =
Energy =P . t
=24 x 4 x 60 x 60 =345600 J
=96 Wh