Tesla invented many important concepts in radio engineering years before other major pioneers. He developed receivers using multiple resonant circuits tuned to the same frequency for transmitting and receiving signals. His receivers used coherers and were some of the first to incorporate regeneration, which significantly increased sensitivity. Tesla also invented an early form of a synchronous detector using a rotating drum that extracted the signal from the antenna through synchronous rectification, making it more sensitive than other receivers of the time. Overall, Tesla made many fundamental contributions to radio technology but received less recognition than other pioneers like Marconi.
Tesla invented many important concepts in radio engineering years before other major pioneers. He developed receivers using multiple resonant circuits tuned to the same frequency for transmitting and receiving signals. His receivers used coherers and were some of the first to incorporate regeneration, which significantly increased sensitivity. Tesla also invented an early form of a synchronous detector using a rotating drum that extracted the signal from the antenna through synchronous rectification, making it more sensitive than other receivers of the time. Overall, Tesla made many fundamental contributions to radio technology but received less recognition than other pioneers like Marconi.
Tesla invented many important concepts in radio engineering years before other major pioneers. He developed receivers using multiple resonant circuits tuned to the same frequency for transmitting and receiving signals. His receivers used coherers and were some of the first to incorporate regeneration, which significantly increased sensitivity. Tesla also invented an early form of a synchronous detector using a rotating drum that extracted the signal from the antenna through synchronous rectification, making it more sensitive than other receivers of the time. Overall, Tesla made many fundamental contributions to radio technology but received less recognition than other pioneers like Marconi.
All articles in CQHAM.RU All articles of the category "History of amateur radio" Paper delivered at a rally 30/7/06 "Ugra-2006" club "RU-QRP" Dear colleagues, friends and foreign guests! Most recently, on July 10, we celebrated the 150th anniversary of the birth of a brilliant scientist, inventor and engineer Nikola Tesla. Well known for his achievements in the field of electrical engineering: generators and AC motors, transformers and high-voltage power lines. They are now based all power. For several reasons, less known for his work in the field of high-frequency currents - the foundation of radio engineering, and after Tesla demonstrated wireless transmission of signals for several years before the Lodge, Popov, Marconi and other researchers. His patents cover Marconi patents that the U.S. Supreme Court has recognized, but too late, in 1943, I myself turned to the study of Tesla's work after a series of experiments with a crystal set, held just for fun. It turned out that under Moscow possible speakerphone taking multiple radios. For maximum power transfer from the antenna to the detector, I found out that we must abandon the tuning capacitor in the antenna circuit and adjust the inductance until the capacity of the antenna resonance at the frequency being received. The scheme coincided with the scheme Tesla (Fig. 1)! In a wireless transmission Tesla used four (!) Resonant circuit tuned to the same frequency - two for transmitting and two for receiving side. The first circuit formed by closing spark gap S capacitor and inductance of the primary winding L1 (Fig. 1a). To get more power to the ultralong waves Tesla recommended using HF alternator (Fig. 1, b). The second loop is formed by the secondary inductance L2 and capacitance antenna. A large number of secondary turns and configure it to allow resonance to obtain huge antenna voltage characteristic when operating at long wavelengths with electrically small antennas. On the receiving side to use the same resonant transformer circuits L3S ANT and L4S. The letter R denotes a recording device, which in those years, in fact, called the receiver. To all of the receiver, the name was Tesla receivers :: CQHAM.RU http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?act=url&d... 1 of 5 Friday 22 February 2013 11:32 AM attributed much later. Registrars could serve coherer, electromagnetic relays, galvanometer, gas discharge tube and other instruments. Tesla perfected and widely used in the years coherer - a tube with the findings filled with metal filings. In the normal state due to a thin oxide layer on the filings coherer resistance is large, but under the influence of high-frequency oscillations occur microdischarges in the thick sawdust conducting chains are formed and the resistance of the coherer sharply. To return to the original state coherer must shake, or conducting state persist after the signal. O. Lodge proposed for this purpose movement with a hammer, Popov - relay with a hammer at anchor, triggered by the signal, and Tesla has solved the problem of more original, offering a rotating coherer! Sprinkles sawdust immediately destroy conducting chains, as soon as the signal stopped. But it's not all his improvement coherer receiver. He first pointed out the need to adjust the antenna circuit in response to the signal frequency. This setup not only allows you to adjust the antenna to the input of the receiver, but also radically improves small receiving antenna, allowing it to extract from the incoming wave significantly (Q times, Q - Q) more power. To set up the antenna circuit with a coherer include additional adjustable inductor L1 (Fig. 2). With a decrease in the resistance of the coherer from exposure to RF fluctuations in current from the battery passes through the throttle RFC, coherer A coil L1 and worked on relay R. Tesla went a step further in improving the coherer receiver. He fitted the low-power integrated heterodyne receiver! In those years there were few devices to generate RF oscillations, so LO was like a spark generator, but instead was used arrester mechanical chopper D (Fig. 3). By oscillator circuits include battery B2, rheostat r, ensures the optimum level of the LO signal, the capacitor and the primary coil of the transformer L1. With the closure of the switch D-charged battery capacitor is discharged to the coil, creating a series of damped oscillations with a frequency approximately equal to the frequency of the received signal. Corum brothers, researchers of Tesla believe that RF voltage that is generated in the secondary coil L2, and applied to a coherer, brings it to the point of breakdown and constantly kept alive. In this telegraph signals can be received on the beats that radically distinguishes the Tesla mode on the mode of the coherer "envelope detection" used Branly (the inventor of the coherer), Lodge, Popov and Marconi. Corum modeled this receiver Tesla and experimentally established [1], the sensitivity of his when the local oscillator and the same of the coherer increased by 66 dB (with tens of millivolts to tens of microvolts)! But not only is the reason why a good job and a high sensitivity receiver Tesla (in Colorado, he recorded the lightning at a distance of many hundreds of miles). Another reason - the most in improving the receiving antenna. On the super-long waves any real aerial - an electrical short, its length is much smaller than l / 4. A recent study [2 - 5], to increase the power, selects the antenna coming out of the field, can Tesla receivers :: CQHAM.RU http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?act=url&d... 2 of 5 Friday 22 February 2013 11:32 AM be through the intensification of its own near-field, increasing its volume. It is the near field, interacting with the incoming wave, causes the flow of energy sent to the receiving antenna wire. I was able to show this by means of elementary mathematics in a number of articles, unfortunately, are not translated into English [6 - 8]. Strengthen the self-field of small receiving antenna and bring it to the normal size of the field, a large antenna in several ways: 1. Adjust the antenna to resonance and to maximize the quality factor of the antenna circuit. It can be shown [6] that the quality should increase inversely proportional to the cube of the linear dimensions of the antenna. 2. Bring a dish vibrations own oscillator synchronized in frequency and in-phase with the incoming signal. 3. Add to antenna adopted and amplified vibrations, ie to use positive feedback, or regeneration. As we have seen, the first two methods Tesla applied in practice. Whether he used the regeneration? The answer is simple - yes. In his diary ("Colorado Springs Notes") remained coherer circuit regenerative receiver (Fig. 4). It, however, does not show space antenna and ground (for Tesla it was obvious, and we can only guess), but it is very clear principle of the device in which the coherer replace conventional spark gap generator at the time. While there is no signal, the resistance of the coherer A large capacitor charged to the battery voltage and fluctuations in the primary and secondary circuits of the transformer, a coil L1 and L2 are missing. When a signal is reduced resistance of the coherer, discharge the capacitor to the coil L1 gives oscillations with a frequency signal (remember that the circuit tuned to resonance!). Their amplitude in the secondary circuit a lot more (as more number of coils L2, and it is tuned to the same frequency.) This amplified voltage again affects coherer and even more to lower his resistance. There is a positive feedback! Apparently, Tesla regenerator could be raised up to the self-excitation (to make feedback more critical), adjusting the voltage of the battery and the resistance of the rheostat to r. Initial impetus to the excitation of oscillations could give sprinkles sawdust in a rotating coherer, randomly changing its resistance. Be that as it may, there is no doubt now that the regenerator invented at least 15 years earlier than did Edwin Armstrong (1914) and Lee de Forest (1916). It was easier - de Forest has already proposed by the time three-electrode radio tube (triode), and it is widely used as an RF amplifier oscillation. It remains to consider one more brilliant in the simplicity, elegance and perfection synchronous heterodyne receiver N. Tesla. [9] The patent application was filed in June 1899 in the receiver is used electromechanical transducer frequency (Fig. 5a), who appeared, in fact, the world's first double balanced mixer. On a rotating drum were conducting strips, in one connected to the top and bottom brushes, connected, in turn, to the antenna and ground. The other two brushes sliding on the strips, was attached storage capacitor C. Tesla receivers :: CQHAM.RU http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?act=url&d... 3 of 5 Friday 22 February 2013 11:32 AM When the drum rotates capacitor plates alternately concentrating it to the antenna, then to ground. If the switching frequency coincides with the frequency of the signal, the capacitor accumulated synchronously rectified voltage. The switching frequency is equal to the product of the drum speed (number of revolutions per second) by the number of pairs of strips could be tens or even hundreds of kilohertz. Accumulated tension was proportional to the amplitude of the signal and the cosine of its phase relative to the phase switching. In modern notation, the receiver circuit is shown in Fig. 5b. The text of his patents describes two features of the receiver, is radically different from all other radios of the time. First, it is more sensitive. The capacitor stores charge for periods of a weak signal. As a result, the voltage across it is set close to EMF signals in the antenna. Discharge produced by a recording device R, such as telephones, are also periodically, with the second drum, switching phone chain with AF. Moving the brush on the second drum up and down, you can adjust the duty cycle of the sound pulses, ie, the time constant of the discharge circuit. Practice shows [10], the sensitivity of a good phone can be better than 10 mV, and in times of Tesla could already do a good phone! Consequently, the same order was obtained and the sensitivity of the receiver. Agree that this figure is amazing! Another feature of the receiver - its great selectivity. If the frequency of the signal does not coincide with the switching frequency of the first reel (not equal to the frequency of the local oscillator, in modern terms), the capacitor is simply not accumulate charge, since it will come bipolar pulses. Increasing the capacity of the condenser, it is possible to narrow the bandwidth of at least up to a few hertz! In essence, the receiver - simultaneous narrowband filter tuned to the frequency of the signal. It does not detect as such, but only the conversion of the signal frequency zero, that is, to direct current. The same thing we do in the modern direct-conversion receiver, getting great results. The closest thing to a modern scheme Tesla fazofiltrovomu receiver, as his prototype. From "time immemorial" Tesla gives us another tip - set the synchronous filter at the receiver input. As far as I know, this decision has not yet been used in electronics, but promises great benefits, promising to greatly increase the actual selectivity of any modern radio. Literature 1. KL Corum and JF Corum. Tesla `s Colorado sprigs Receivers. http://teslasociety.com/teslarec.pdf 2. B. Beaty. Energy-sucking Radio Antennas, N. Tesla `s Power Receiver. http://www.amasci.com/tesla /tesceive.html 3. B. Beaty. More musing On Energy-sucking Radio Antennas. http://www.amasci.com/tesla/tescv2.html 4. JF Sutton and GC Spaniol. "Black Hole" Antenna. http://www.unusualresearch.com/Sutton/sutton.htm 5. US Patent # 5,296,866 "Active Antenna". NASA GSC-13449. 6. Polyakov. The receiving antenna - a "black hole"? http://www.qrp.ru/bh.zip 7. Polyakov. On the near field of the receiving antenna. CQ-QRP, # 8, Oct. 2005, p. 10 - 18. Circuitry 2006, Tesla receivers :: CQHAM.RU http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?act=url&d... 4 of 5 Friday 22 February 2013 11:32 AM 3, p. 35-37 and number 4, p. 38-40. 8. Polyakov. The secret is simple regenerator 20s. CQ-QRP, # 11, April, 2006, p. 32 - 35. Circuitry 2006, 7, p. 14, 15. 9. US Patent # 685,955. N. Tesla. "Apparatus for utilizing effects transmitted from a distance to a receiving device through natural media". Patented Nov. 5, 1901. 10. Polyakov. What is the sensitivity of your phones? CQ-QRP, # 10, Feb. 2006, p. 16 - 19. August 23, 2006, Vladimir Polyak, RA3AAE Viewed: 39387 time (s) Updated 13/09/2006 at 22:51 The author - Vladimir Polyak, RA3AAE Discussion on this article 09/16/2012 20:57 Unlock pliz ... - ua3xgm 09.03.2012 10:37 Comments slightly different radio topic: * Part 1: in his time at ... - Aidar 13/11/2010 17:36 A Th Popov? ... who was the FIRST? ... - Adik 10.05.2006 11:45 "Registrar may serve coherer, electromagnetic relays, gal ... - Nicholas 25/9/2006 9:50 Thank you for your feedback. Alexander: the FT-1000MP no input sync ... - Vladimir, RA3AA ... 09/22/2006 5:44 Always check my materalov with interest, concern brilliant academic ... - RA0JV 17/09/2006 9:16 Just amazes genius Nikola Tesla! Brilliant series ... - Yuri UR5VEB ... 14/09/2006 16:47 Vobscheto synchronous pass filter incorporated in ft 1000mp -1 ... - Alexander 14/9/2006 9:39 Thank you, Vladimir! As always, a brilliant exposition of the most interesting and ... - Alexander RZ6FE ... All articles in CQHAM.RU Export items from the server CQHAM.RU << Back HOME SpyLOG Tesla receivers :: CQHAM.RU http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?act=url&d... 5 of 5 Friday 22 February 2013 11:32 AM
Zero Point Energy Per Stereo Radian and the Distribution of Gravitational Acceleration of Planets Throughout the Solar System.: The Origin and Cause of Gravitation