Designation: A 265 94a (Reapproved 1999)

Standard Specication for

Nickel and Nickel-Base Alloy-Clad Steel Plate
1
This standard is issued under the xed designation A 265; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specication
2
covers plate of a carbon steel or
low-alloy steel base to which is integrally and continuously
bonded on one or both sides a layer of nickel or nickel-base
alloy. The material is generally intended for pressure vessel
use.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. SI units are provided for information only.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 370 Test Methods and Denitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
3
A 480/A480M Specication for General Requirements for
Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate,
Sheet, and Strip
3
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
3
B 127 Specication for Nickel-Copper Alloy (UNS
NO4400) Plate, Sheet, and Strip
4
B 162 Specication for Nickel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
4
B 168 Specication for Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloy (UNS
NO6600, N06601, and NO6690) and Nickel-Chromium-
Cobalt-Molybdenum Alloy (UNS NO6617) Plate, Sheet,
and Strip
4
B 333 Specication for Nickel-Molybdenum Alloy Plate,
Sheet, and Strip
4
B 409 Specication for Nickel-Iron-Chromium Alloy Plate,
Sheet, and Strip
4
B 424 Specication for Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu Alloy (UNS
NO8825 and NO8221) Plate, Sheet, and Strip
4
B 443 Specication for Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-
Columbium Alloy (UNS NO6625) Plate, Sheet, and Strip
4
B 463 Specication for UNS NO8020, UNS NO8026, and
UNS NO8024 Alloy Plate, Sheet, and Strip
4
B 575 Specication for Low-Carbon Nickel-Molybdenum-
Chromium and Low-Carbon Nickel-Chromium Molybde-
num Alloy Plate, Sheet, and Strip
4
B 582 Specication for Nickel-Chromium-Iron-
Molybdenum-Copper Alloy Plate, Sheet, and Strip
4
B 625 Specication for UNS N08904, UNS N08925, UNS
N08931, UNS N08932, and UNS NO8926 Plate, Sheet,
and Strip
4
2.2 ASME Code:
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, Welding
Qualications
5
3. Terminology
3.1 Denitions of Terms Specic to This Standard: Descrip-
tions of Terms:
3.1.1 This material is considered as single-clad or double-
clad nickel or nickel-base alloy clad steel plate, depending on
whether one or both sides are covered.
3.1.2 The term plate as used in this specication applies to
material
3
16 in. (2.73 mm) and over in thickness, and over 10
in. (254 mm) in width.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all
requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this
specication. Such requirements may include, but are not
limited to the following:
4.1.1 Quantity (mass or number of pieces),
4.1.2 Name of material (Nickel or Nickel-Base Alloy-Clad
Steel Plate),
4.1.3 Heat treatment, if required,
4.1.4 Dimensions including the thickness of the cladding
alloy,
4.1.5 Cladding metal (see Section 6),
4.1.6 Base metal (see Section 6),
4.1.7 Product analysis, if required (see Section 8),
4.1.8 Mechanical Properties (see Sections 7, 13, and 14),
4.1.9 Restrictions, if required, on repair by welding (see
Section 12), and
4.1.10 Additions to the specication or special require-
ments.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Process:
1
This specication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.17 on Flat Stainless Steel Products.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 1994. Published February 1995. Originally
published as A 265 43 T. Last previous edition A 265 94.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Speci-
cation SA-265 in Section II of that Code.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.04.
5
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,
New York, NY 10017.
1
Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
5.1.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, electric-
furnace (with separate degassing and rening optional), or
basic-oxygen processes, or by secondary processes whereby
steel made from these primary processes is remelted using
electroslag remelting or vacuum arc remelting processes.
5.1.2 The cladding metal may be metallurgically bonded to
the base metal by any method that will produce a clad steel that
will conform to the requirements of this specication.
5.2 Heat TreatmentUnless heat treatment is required by
the cladding material or base steel specication, the clad plate
shall be furnished in the as-rolled condition. The purchaser and
the manufacturer may agree on any other heat treatment within
the base steel specication that is mutually agreeable.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The composite plate may conform to any desired com-
bination cladding metal and base metal as described in 6.2 and
6.3, and as agreed upon between the purchaser and the
manufacturer.
6.2 Cladding MetalThe nickel or nickel-base alloy clad-
ding metal specied shall conform to the requirements as to
chemical composition prescribed for the respective metal in
Specications B 127, B 162, B 168, B 333, B 409, B 424,
B 443, B 463, B 575, B 582, and B 625.
6.3 Base Metal The base metal may be carbon steel or
low-alloy steel conforming to the ASTM specications for
steels for pressure vessels. The base metal shall conform to the
chemical requirements of the specication to which it is
ordered.
7. Mechanical Properties
7.1 Tensile Requirements:
7.1.1 The tensile properties shall be determined by a tension
test of the composite plate for clad plates that meet all of the
following conditions. However, if the cladding is for corrosion
allowance only, the cladding may be removed before tensile
testing. The tensile properties thus determined shall be not less
than the minimum and not more than 5000 psi (35 MPa) over
the maximum prescribed in the specication for the base steel
used. All other tensile test requirements of the specication for
the base steel shall be met.
7.1.1.1 The composite gage is less than or equal to 1
1
2 in.
7.1.1.2 The specied minimum tensile strength of the base
steel is less than or equal to 70 000 psi (485 MPa).
7.1.1.3 The specied minimum yield strength of the base
steel is less than or equal to 40 000 psi (275 MPa).
7.1.2 The tensile properties shall be determined by a
tension test of the base steel only for clad plates that meet one
of the following conditions. The properties thus determined
shall meet all of the tensile test requirements for the base steel.
7.1.2.1 The composite gage is greater than 1
1
2 in.
7.1.2.2 The specied minimum tensile strength of the base
steel is greater than 70 000 psi (485 MPa).
7.1.2.3 The specied minimum yield strength of the base
steel is greater than 40 000 psi (275 MPa).
7.2 Ductility Two bend tests of the composite plate shall
be made, one with the cladding metal in tension and the other
with the cladding metal in compression, to determine the
ductility of the materials. On double-clad plates, the bend tests
shall be made so that one specimen represents the cladding
metal in tension on one side while the other specimen
represents the cladding metal in tension on the opposite side.
Bend tests shall be made in accordance with the requirements
prescribed in the specications for the base metal.
7.3 Bond StrengthWhen required by the purchaser, three
bend tests shall be made with the cladding metal in compres-
sion to determine the quality of the bond. Bends shall be made
in accordance with the specications for the base metal. At
least two out of the three tests shall show not more than 50 %
separation on both edges of the bent portion. Greater separation
shall be cause for rejection.
7.4 Shear StrengthAs an alternative to the bend test
provided in 7.3 and when required by the purchaser, the
minimum shear strength of the cladding and base metals shall
be 20 000 psi (140 MPa). The shear test when specied, shall
be made in the manner indicated in Fig. 1.
7.5 Methods and practices relating to mechanical testing
required by this specication shall be in accordance with Test
Methods and Denitions A 370.
8. Product Analysis
8.1 Product analysis may be required on nished product.
Chemical analysis may be accomplished by wet chemical or
instrumental procedures. If wet chemical procedures are used,
millings may be taken only when the composite plate thickness
is sufficient to permit obtaining millings without danger of
contamination from the adjacent layer. If spectrometric proce-
dures are used, the sample shall be exposed on the center line
of the cladding when there is sufficient cladding thickness
available so that there is no contamination from the adjacent
base metal.
8.2 If product analysis is specied by the purchaser, it shall
be made on a sample taken from the nished product or a
broken test specimen. For wet chemical analysis, in order to
Metric Equivalents
in. mm in. mm
0.005 0.127 1 25.4
1
8 3.17 2
1
2 64.5
3
4 19.1 3 76.2
FIG. 1 Test Specimen and Method of Making Shear Test of Clad
Plate
A 265
2
avoid contamination by the base plate metal, millings of
cladding samples shall be taken from the test coupon by
removal and discard of all the base metal plus 40 % of the
cladding thickness from the bonded side, not to exceed
1
16 in.
(1.598 mm). The material shall be cleaned and sufficient
millings taken to represent the full cross-section of the remain-
der. If there is insufficient cladding thickness available to
spectrographically expose on the center line of the cladding
without contamination, 50 % of the cladding shall be removed
and the sample exposed on this surface.
8.3 The results of the product analysis shall conform to the
requirements of standards referenced in Section 2.
8.4 Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis
required by this specication shall be in accordance with Test
Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.
8.5 Results of the product analysis shall conform to the
requirements of Section 7 of Specication A 480/A 480M.
9. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
9.1 Composite plates shall conform to the thickness and
weight requirements prescribed in Table 1 (see also Table 2).
9.2 The weight and limit tolerances shall be as prescribed in
Specication A 480/A 480M.
10. Thickness of Cladding Metal
10.1 The minimum thickness and tolerances on the thick-
ness of the cladding metal shall be agreed upon between the
purchaser and the manufacturer.
11. Workmanship Finish, and Appearance
11.1 The material shall be free of injurious defects and shall
have a workmanlike appearance.
11.2 Clad plates shall be furnished in the as-rolled condi-
tion, unless otherwise specied.
11.3 The clad surface may be supplied as-rolled, or as-rolled
and sand blasted as specied.
12. Repair of Cladding by Welding
12.1 The material manufacturer may repair defects in clad-
ding by welding provided the following requirements are met:
12.1.1 Prior approval shall be obtained from the purchaser if
the repaired area exceeds 3 % of the cladding surface.
12.1.2 The welding procedure and the welders or welding
operators shall be qualied in accordance with Section IX of
the ASME Code.
12.1.3 The defective area shall be removed and the area
prepared for repair shall be examined by a magnetic particle
method or a liquid penetrant method to ensure all defective
area has been removed. Method of test and acceptance standard
shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser and the
manufacturer.
12.1.4 The repair weld shall be deposited in accordance
with a welding procedure and welding materials suitable for
the cladding material. The surface condition of the repaired
area shall be restored to a condition similar to the rest of the
cladding.
12.1.5 The repaired area shall be examined by a liquid
penetrant method in accordance with 12.1.3.
12.1.6 The location and extent of the weld repairs together
with the repair procedure and examination results shall be
transmitted as a part of the certication.
13. Number of Tests and Retests
13.1 One or more tension tests, as required by the speci-
cations for the base metal, one face bend test (cladding metal
in tension), one reverse bend test (cladding metal in compres-
sion), and, when specied, one shear test or three bond bend
TABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Thickness and Overweights of Plates Thickness
A
NOTE 1All plates shall be ordered to thickness and not to weight per square foot. No plates shall vary more than 0.01 in. (0.254 mm) under the
thickness ordered, and the overweight of each lot
B
shall not exceed the amount given in the table below.
C
Specied Thickness, in. (mm)
Permissible Excess in Average Weight per Square Foot of Plates for Widths Given in Inches (mm),
Expressed in Percentage of Nominal Weight
D
Under
48
(1219.2)
48
(1219.2)
to 60
(1524.0)
excl
60
(1524.0)
to 72
(1828.8)
excl
72
(1828.8)
to 84
(2133.6)
excl
84
(2133.6)
to 96
(2438.4)
excl
96
(2438.4)
to 108
(2743.2)
excl
108
(2743.2)
to 120
(3048.0)
excl
120
(3048.0)
to 132
(3352.8)
excl
132
(3352.8)
to 144
(3675.6)
excl
144
(3657.6)
to 152
(3860.8)
incl
3
16 to
1
4 (4.76 to 6.35), excl 5.25 6.00 6.75 7.50 9.00 11.50 ... ... ... ...
1
4 to
5
16 (6.35 to 7.94), excl 4.50 5.25 6.00 6.75 7.50 10.50 12.00 13.00 14.25 ...
5
16 to
3
8 (7.94 to 9.52), excl 3.75 4.50 5.25 6.00 6.75 7.50 9.00 10.00 12.75 16.00
3
8 to
7
16 (9.52 to 11.11), excl 3.50 3.75 4.50 5.25 6.00 6.75 7.50 8.50 11.25 15.00
7
16 to
1
2 (11.11 to 12.7), excl 3.00 3.50 3.75 4.50 5.25 6.00 6.75 7.50 9.75 12.75
1
2 to
5
8 (12.7 to 15.88), excl 2.75 3.00 3.50 3.75 4.50 5.25 6.00 6.75 8.25 10.50
5
8 to
3
4 (15.88 to 19.05), excl 2.25 2.75 3.00 3.50 3.75 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.25 6.75
3
4 to 1 (19.05 to 25.4), excl 2.00 2.25 2.75 3.00 3.50 3.75 4.25 4.75 5.25 6.00
1 or Over (25.4 or Over) 2.00 2.00 2.25 2.75 3.50 3.50 3.75 4.25 4.75 5.25
A
Spot grinding is permitted to remove surface imperfections not to exceed 0.01 in. (0.254 mm) under the specied thickness.
B
The term lot means all of the plates of each group width and each group thickness.
C
The weight of individual plates shall not exceed the nominal weight by more than one and one-third times the amount prescribed in the above table.
D
Nominal weights for the composite plates shall be calculated using the weights for the component materials listed in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Weights for Component Materials
Density
Weight per Square
Foot for Material
1 in. (25.4 mm)
in Thickness, lb
lb/in.
3
g/cm
3
Steel 0.283 7.83 40.80
Nickel 0.321 8.88 46.22
Nickel-copper alloy 0.319 8.83 45.94
Nickel-chromium-iron
alloy
0.307 8.49 44.21
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3
tests shall be made representing each plate as rolled. Each
specimen shall be in the nal condition of heat treatment
required for the plate.
13.2 If any test specimen shows defective machining or
develops aws, it may be discarded and another specimen
substituted.
13.3 If any part of the fracture takes place outside of the
middle half of the gage length or in a punched or scribed mark
within the reduced section, the elongation value obtained may
not be representative of the material. If the elongation so
measured meets the minimum requirements specied, no
further testing is indicated, but if the elongation is less than the
minimum requirements the test shall be discarded and a retest
made.
14. Test Specimens
14.1 The tension test specimens from plate shall conform to
the requirements prescribed in the specications for the base
metal.
14.2 Bend test specimens shall be taken from the middle of
the top of the plate as rolled, at right angles to its longitudinal
axis.
14.3 When required by the purchaser, the shear test speci-
men shall be taken from a top or bottom corner of the plate as
rolled, parallel to its longitudinal axis.
14.4 All tests shall be made on specimens in the same
condition of heat treatment to which the composite plate is
furnished.
14.5 When specied in the purchase order, additional test
specimens representing the as-furnished composite plate shall
be thermally treated to simulate a postweld heat treatment. The
temperature range, time, and cooling rates shall be specied in
the purchase order. Mechanical properties in the simulated
postweld heat-treated condition shall meet the minimum re-
quirements of the as-furnished composite plate.
14.6 For plates 1
1
2 in. (38.1 mm) and under in thickness
tension test specimens shall be the full thickness of the material
except as specied in 7.1.1 and 7.1.2, and the bend test
specimen shall be full thickness of the material and shall be
machined to the form and dimensions shown in Fig. 2, or may
be machined with both edges parallel.
14.7 For plates over 1
1
2 in. in thickness tension tests shall
be of the form shown in Fig. 3 and shall be of all base steel
conforming to the requirements of the specication for the base
steel.
14.8 For plates over 1
1
2 in. in thickness the bend test
specimens need not be greater in thickness than 1
1
2 in. but
shall not be less than 1
1
2 in. Specimens shall be of the form and
dimensions shown in Fig. 2. In reducing the thickness of the
specimen, both the alloy cladding and the base steel shall be
machined so as to maintain the same ratio of clad metal to base
steel as is maintained in the plate, except that the thickness of
the clad metal need not be reduced below
1
8 in. (3.17 mm).
14.9 The sides of the bend test specimen may have the
corners rounded to a radius not over
1
16in. (1.58 mm) for plates
1
1
2 in. and under in thickness, and not over
1
8in. for plates over
1
1
2 in. in thickness.
14.10 Any test specimen used for the determination of the
minimum thickness of cladding metal shall have distorted
metal, due to burning or shearing, completely removed.
15. Inspection
15.1 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector, without
charge, all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the material
is being furnished in accordance with this specication. All
tests (except product analysis) and inspection shall be made at
the place of manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise
Metric Equivalents
in. mm in. mm
0.01 0.254 1
1
2 38.1
1
8 3.17 2 50.8
1
4 6.35 3 76.2
1 25.4 8 203.2
NOTE 1When necessary, it is permissible to use a narrower specimen,
but in such a case the reduced portion shall be not less than 1 in. in width.
NOTE 2Punch marks for measuring elongation after fracture shall be
made on the at or on the edge of the specimen and within the parallel
section; either a set of nine punch marks 1 in. apart, or one or more sets
of 8-in. punch marks may be used.
NOTE 3The dimension t is the thickness of the test specimen as
provided for in the applicable material specications.
FIG. 2 Standard Rectangular Test Specimens with 8-in. Gage
Length
Metric Equivalents
in. mm in. mm
0.003 0.076
3
8 9.53
0.005 0.127 0.50 12.7
0.01 0.254 2 50.8
1
8 3.18 2
1
4 64.5
NOTE 1The gage length and llets shall be as shown, but the ends
may be of any shape to t the holders of the testing machine in such a way
that the load shall be axial. The reduced section shall have a gradual taper
from the ends toward the center, with the ends 0.003 to 0.005 in. larger in
diameter than the center.
FIG. 3 Standard Round Tension Tests Specimen with 2-in. Gage
Length
A 265
4
specied, and shall be so conducted as not to interfere
unnecessarily with the operation of the works.
16. Rejection and Rehearing
16.1 Unless otherwise specied, any rejection based on tests
made in accordance with Section 8, shall be reported to the
manufacturer within 5 working days from the receipt of
samples by the purchaser.
16.2 Material which shows injurious defects subsequent to
its acceptance at the manufacturers work will be rejected, and
the manufacturer shall be notied.
16.3 Samples tested in accordance with Section 8, that
represent rejected material shall be preserved for 3 weeks from
the date of the test report. In case of dissatisfaction with the
results of the tests, the manufacturer may make claim for a
rehearing within that time.
17. Certication
17.1 The chemical analysis of the base metal shall be
certied to the purchaser by the manufacturer.
17.2 The results of the tests in Section 7, shall be reported
to the purchaser or his representative.
18. Product Marking
18.1 Except as specied in 18.2, the name or brand of the
manufacturer, the manufacturers test identication number,
the class of the base steel, the designation of the cladding
metal, and the specied minimum tensile strength shall be
legibly stamped on each nished single-clad plate in two places
on the base steel side not less than 12 in. (304.8 mm) from the
edges. The manufacturers test identication number shall be
legibly stamped on each test specimen.
18.2 For double-clad material or for material under
1
4 in.
(6.35 mm) in thickness, the marking specied in 18.1 shall be
legibly stenciled instead of stamped.
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A 265
5