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Suggested Answer: Additional Mathematics
Suggested Answer: Additional Mathematics
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
A. LEUNG
Suggested Answer
Prepared by A. Leung
King’s Glory Educational Centre
All Rights Reserved 2004
2004-CE-ADD.MATH-1
-1-
Additional Mathematics suggested solution
Section A
k (k + 1)(k + 5)
Assume P (k ) is true, i.e. T1 + T2 + T3 + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ +Tk =
3
k (k + 1)(k + 5)
= + (k + 1)(k + 4)
3
k +1 2
=
3
(
k + 5k + 3k + 12 )
(k + 1)(k + 2)(k + 6)
=
3
∴ P (k + 1) is also true.
By the principle of mathematical induction, the proposition is true for all positive integers n.
r
th
2. The (r+1) term in descending powers of x = C 18
r (x )
2 18 − r ⎛2⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝ x⎠
( )
= 2 r C r18 x 36−3r
For x 3 , power of x = 3, 36 − 3r = 3 , r = 11
-2-
3. f ( x) = x 2 + (3 + m) x + (2m − 2) . Let A(α , 0) , B( β , 0) be the coordinates of intersection.
α + β = −(3 + m) αβ = 2m − 2
α−β =2 5
(α − β )2 = 20
(α + β )2 − 4αβ = 20
[− (3 + m)]2 − 4αβ = 20
(m − 3)(m + 1) = 0
m=3 or m = −1
4. (2 x + 1)(y 3 − 2 y + 1) + (x 2 + x + 5)(3 y 2 − 2) dy = 0
dx
dy (2 x + 1) (y 3 − 2 y + 1)
=− 2
dx (x + x + 5)(3 y 2 − 2)
dy 3
=
dx (1, 0 ) 14
Equation of tangent is y =
3
(x − 1)
14
i.e. 3x − 14 y − 3 = 0
-3-
5. (a) I = ∫ 15 cos 4 θ (cosθ dθ )
I = ∫ 15(1 − t 2 ) 2 dt
∫ 15(1 − 2t + t 4 ) dt
2
=
= 15t − 10t 3 + 3t 5 + c
dy
(b) y=∫ dx
dx
∫ 15 cos
5
= x dx
π
When x = ,y=6
2
15 − 10 + 3 + c = 6
c = −2
-4-
3
6. (a) tan 2θ =
4
2 tan θ 3
=
1 − tan θ 4
2
8 tan θ = 3 − 3 tan 2 θ
3 tan 2 θ + 8 tan θ − 3 = 0
(3 tan θ − 1)(tan θ + 3) = 0
1
tan θ = (tan θ > 0)
3
r
(b) tan θ =
h
1
r= h
3
1
V = πr 2 h
3
2
1 ⎛1 ⎞
= π ⎜ h⎟ h
3 ⎝3 ⎠
π
= h3
27
dV π ⎛ 2 dh ⎞
= ⎜ 3h ⎟
dt 27 ⎝ dt ⎠
-5-
π dh
= h2
9 dt
dV
Now, h = 8 , = 40π
dt
π
40π =
9
( 8 )
2 dh
dt
dh 45
=
dt 8
45
water level is increasing at cm / min at that instant.
8
3
cos 5 x = 0 or cos 2 x =
2
-6-
m−4 2
8. (a) = where m is the slope of the required line.
1 + 4m 9
9m − 36 = 2 + 8m or 9m − 36 = −2 − 8m
m = 38 or m=2
⎛ 1+ k ⎞
(b) − ⎜ ⎟=2 (m < 3)
⎝ 7 − 2k ⎠
1 + k = −14 + 4k
k =5
10k + 3 v 4k + 11 v
9. (a) OP = i+ j
1+ k 1+ k
v v
(b) AB = 7i − 7 j
Q OP ⊥ AB , OP ⋅ AB = 0
⎛ 10k + 3 v 4k + 11 v ⎞ v v
⎜ i+ j ⎟ ⋅ (7i − 7 j ) = 0
⎝ 1+ k 1+ k ⎠
-7-
7
[(10k + 3)(1) − (4k + 11)(1)] = 0
1+ k
6k − 8 = 0
4
k=
3
v v v v
(c) OP = 7i + 7 j , OA = 3 i + 11 j
OP ⋅ OA = OP OA cos ∠AOP
v v v v
(7i + 7 j ) ⋅ (3 i + 11 j ) = 7 2 + 7 2 3 2 + 112 cos ∠AOP
∠AOP = 29.7 o
-8-
10. (a) Maximum point : (−1, 3) Minimum point : (1, − 3)
(b)
11. Q ( x + 3) 2 = x + 3
2
∴ x+3 − 7 x + 3 − 18 ≤ 0
2
( x + 3 − 9 )( x + 3 − 2 ) ≤ 0
x+3 ≤9 (Q x + 3 + 2 ≥ 2 )
−9 ≤ x+3≤ 9
− 12 ≤ x ≤ 6
-9-
Section B
12. (a) (i) Equation of S1 is x( x + 2) + ( y − 2)( y + 2) = 0
i.e. x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 4 = 0
2 − (− 2)
(ii) Equation of BC is y + 2 = (x − 0)
−2
i.e. 2x + y + 2 = 0
∴ 9 + 6 + 49 − 4 + k (6 + 7 + 2 ) = 0
k = −4
∴ Equation of S 2 is x 2 + y 2 − 6 x − 4 y − 12 = 0
⎧ x 2 + y 2 − 6 x − 4 y − 12 = 0
⎨ have equal roots
⎩ y = mx + 8
On substituting y, we have
(1 + m )x
2 2
+ 2(6m − 3)x + 20 = 0
-10-
On simplifying, giving 16m 2 − 36m − 11 = 0
9 11
∴ m1 + m2 = , m1 m2 = −
4 16
m1 − m2
(ii) tan θ =
1 + m1 m2
(m1 + m2 )2 − 4m1m2
=
1 + m1 m2
⎛ − 11 ⎞
2
⎛9⎞
⎜ ⎟ − 4⎜ ⎟
⎝4⎠ ⎝ 16 ⎠
=
11
1−
16
= 4 5
⎧y = x2
13. (a) For intersection of P and L, ⎨
⎩ y = ax
On solving, we have x = 0 or x = a
a
Hence ∫ 0
(ax − x 2 ) dx = 288
a
⎡a 2 1 3 ⎤
⎢ 2 x − 3 x ⎥ = 288
⎣ ⎦0
a3 a3
− = 288
2 3
a = 12
-11-
(b) Required volume
= π∫
12
0
[(12 x + 1) 2
− ( x 2 + 1) 2 dx ]
12
= π∫ (− x 4 + 142 x 2 + 24 x) dx
0
12
⎡ 1 142 3 ⎤
= π ⎢− x 5 + x + 12 x 2 ⎥
⎣ 5 3 ⎦0
⎡ 1 142 ⎤
= π ⎢− (12) 5 + (12) 3 + 12(12) 2 ⎥
⎣ 5 3 ⎦
= 33753.6 π
h
(c) Capacity of bowl = π ∫ x 2 dy
0
h
= π ∫ y dy
0
h
⎡ y2 ⎤
=π ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 2 ⎦0
πh 2
=
2
πh 2
(d) = 33753.6 π
2
h = 260
-12-
π
14. (a) V = (l sin θ ) 2 (l cosθ )
3
πl 3 ⎛ π⎞
= sin 2 θ cosθ ⎜0 < θ < ⎟
3 ⎝ 2⎠
dV πl 3
(b)
dθ
=
3
[
sin 2 θ (− sin θ ) + cosθ (2 sin θ cosθ ) ]
πl 3
=
3
(
sin θ 2 − 3 sin 2 θ )
πl 3
When V is increasing,
dV
dθ
> 0,
3
( )
sin θ 2 − 3 sin 2 θ > 0
2 ⎛ π⎞
sin 2 θ < ⎜0 < θ < ⎟
3 ⎝ 2⎠
6
sin θ <
3
πl 3
When V is decreasing,
dV
dθ
< 0,
3
( )
sin θ 2 − 3 sin 2 θ < 0
2 ⎛ π⎞
sin 2 θ > ⎜0 < θ < ⎟
3 ⎝ 2⎠
6
sin θ >
3
6
Since V changes from increasing to decreasing via sin θ = , hence when V is
3
6
maximum, sin θ = .
3
1
S= (2l sin θ )(l cosθ )
2
1 2
= l sin 2θ
2
-13-
π π
2θ = , i.e. θ =
2 4
π dθ
(d) When l = 6, θ = , = 0.1
6 dt
dV π ⎡ π π⎤
= (6) 3 ⎢2 sin − 3 sin 3 ⎥
dθ 3 ⎣ 6 6⎦
= 45π
dV dV dθ
Q = ⋅
dt dθ dt
dV
= (45π )(0.1) = 4.5π .
dt
-14-
v v v 2
15. (a) a ⋅ a = a =1,
v v v v ⎛1⎞
a ⋅ b = a b cosθ = (1)(3)⎜ ⎟ = 1
⎝ 3⎠
v v v 2
b ⋅b = b =9
v v
a + 2b
(b) OC =
3
v v
(k + 1)a + (2k + 2)b
(c) OD =
3
BD = OD − OB
v v
(k + 1)a + (2k + 2)b v
= −b
3
v v
(k + 1)a + (2k − 1)b
=
3
Q OD⊥BD , ∴ OD ⋅ BD = 0
k +1
9
[ v v v v v v v v
]
(k + 1)a ⋅ a + (2k − 1)a ⋅ b + 2(k + 1)b ⋅ a + 2(2k − 1)b ⋅ b = 0
41k = 16
16
k=
41
-15-
( )
1 v v
BD = 19a − 3b
41
(
v v
)
⎛1⎞
2
2
v v v v
BD = ⎜ ⎟ 361a ⋅ a − 114a ⋅ b + 9b ⋅ b
⎝ 41 ⎠
2
⎛1⎞
= ⎜ ⎟ [361(1) − 114(1) + 9(9)]
⎝ 41 ⎠
2 2 32
BD = 82 , ∴ BD = 82
41 41
(e)
v v v
(
AO ⋅ AB = − a ⋅ b − a )
v v v v
= a ⋅a − a ⋅b
= 1−1 = 0
-16-
16. (a) (i) Let f ( x) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d .
Hence f ( x) = a( x − α )( x − β )( x − γ )
ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d ≡ a( x − α )( x − β )( x − γ )
c
a(αβ + αγ + βγ ) = c , αβ + αγ + βγ =
a
−d
− a(αβγ ) = d , αβγ
a
= 4 cos 3 θ − 3 cosθ
3
4 cos 3 θ − 3 cosθ =
2
3
cos 3θ =
2
3θ = 30 o , 330 o , 390 o
-17-
θ = 10 o , 110 o , 130 o
⎛− 3⎞
(i) cos10 o cos110 o cos130 o = − ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎟
⎝ 8 ⎠
( )(
cos10 o − cos 70 o − cos 50 o ) =
8
3
3
cos10 o cos 50 o cos 70 o =
8
−6
(ii) cos10 o cos130 o + cos10 o cos110 o + cos110 o cos130 o =
8
−3
=
4
-18-
17. (i) α + β = −4 , αβ = 2
S1 = α + β = −4
S2 = α 2 + β 2
= (α + β ) − 2αβ
2
= 12
∴ S n + 2 + 4S n +1 + 2 S n
( ) ( ) (
= α n + 2 + β n + 2 + 4 α n +1 + β n +1 + 2 α n + β n )
( )
= α n α 2 + 4α + 2 + β n ( β 2 + 4 β + 2)
=0
(iii) Put n = 1, S 3 + 4 S 2 + 2 S1 = 0
S 3 + 4(12) − 2(− 4 ) = 0
S 3 = −40
Put n = 2, S 4 + 4S 3 + 2S 2 = 0
S 4 + 4(− 40 ) + 2(12 ) = 0
S 4 = 136
-19-
(iv) Put n = 3, S 5 + 4S 4 + 2S 3 = 0
S 5 = −464
Since x 2 + 4 x + 2 = 0
− 4 ± 4 2 − 4(1)(2)
x=
2(1)
x = −2 + 2 or x = −2 − 2
Q S 5 = −464
(
∴ −2+ 2 + −2− 2 ) (
5
)
5
= −464
(
− 2− 2 − 2+ 2) (
5
)
5
= −464
(2 − 2 ) + (2 + 2 )
5 5
= 464
-20-