Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Rosicrucian Digest, March 1957
Rosicrucian Digest, March 1957
a Psychic Radio
How it correlates with
I matter.
V A V
Hours of Birth
and Death'
C ycl i c i n f l u en ce
of the moon .
' V A V
Environment
and Ethics
I gnor ance, an u n b al an c-
t ing f actor .
V A V
M y s t i c i s m
i S c i en c e
T h e A r t s
V A V
T iex t
Strange Powers
of Honey
V A V
(y H ten :
I slaynic W or l d
ROSICRUCIAN
1957
MARCH
30c p er co p y
DIGEST
ANEMBLEM
T he des ig n preserves t he be aut y a nd di g ni t y of the crux
ans ata a nd t he t r ia ng l e Ros icr uci an e mbl ems i n use for
hundr e ds of y ear s. T hi s dis t inct iv e, mode r n, attractively
de s ig ned tie clas p is 2} | inches l ong 10- K. gold- filled
be a ut if ul l y box ed i n a conv e nie nt case. T he emblem
at t ache d is als o i n 10- K. g ol d, w i t h cont r as t ing r ed and
bl ue enamel.
P o s t p a i d $ 5 . 2 5
( 1 /1 4 /6 s ter l ing )
(Fe de r al ex cise tax i ncl ude d. )
Handsome Tie Clasp
W O R N WI T H P R I D E
ROSI CRUCI AN SUPPLY BUREAU
S A N J OS E , C A L I F O R N I A
3~
C RY P T O F D ESCA RT ES
T h e cel ebrated F r en ch mathemati ci an and phi l osopher. R ene D escar tes, (1596- 1650) l i es bu ri ed i n the med i eval
church, St. G ermai n-d es-P r es, i n the hear t of P ar i s. T h e cen ter tabl et show n above i s a si mpl e tr i bu te to a great
mi nd. W i th D escar tes, i t i s recogni zed, ther e began the peri od of modern phi l osophy and r ati onal i sm. H e hel d
to the pr i nci pl e of i ndi v i dual i ty and su bjecti v i ty . T h e tr u th of r eal i ty to hi m began w i th i ndi vi dual hu man
experi ence. H e decl ared, T h e fi rst r u l e w as, nev er to r ecei v e an y th i n g as a tr u th w hi ch I di d not cl ear l y
know to be such; . . T r ad i ti on associ ates D escar tes w i th R osi cr u ci an acti v i ty i n hi s countr y.
(P hoto bv A M ORC)
S tu u q e "M id d le T i /o ti d
.. .BEHI ND YOUR CONSCI OUS MI ND
Y
OUyour conscious self, is susp ended
between two worlds ! There is the
w'orld of every dayof colors, sounds,
and substances. There is also the world
of the universesof moons, stars, and
distant nebulae.
But has your mind ever been sud
denly filled with the light of other re
alitiesideas which, although stimulat
ing and informative, were strangely new
and di ffer ent? Have you had mental p ic
tures of events that your mortal eyes
have never seen? Do you feel at times
as though an i ntelligence was striving to
guide you? Have you found yourself
listening to words of i nn er direction?
Behind your thinking mind lies a
great mi ddl e w or l d the world of the
subconscious. It is p oised between the
world of everyday existence and the
great i ntel l i gence of the universe. It is
this mi ddl e world which translates the
subtle Cosmic forces which p ervade
your being, into the urges of self and
into i ntui ti ve impressions. Do you want
to know why you act as you do? Would
you like to have access to the source of
those talents and abilities which make
for the mastery of life? Learn how to
explore this middle world.
Accep t This 'pnee Book
T he Rosicrucians (not a religion) are
a world-wide fraternity of thinking, in
qu i r i n g men and women. They have
united their existence-they have brought
together the p hysical world and the
world of self into a harmoni ous, livable
whole. T hey have learned to conquer
fears and substitute knowledge for the
so-called mysteries of life. Use the cou
p on below for a f r ee cop y of the book,
T he Mastery of Life. I t tells how
you, too, may share this unique wisdom.
ROSI CRUCI ANS
San Jose (AMORC) California
j S c r i b e : S. P . C . Rosicruci an Order, A M O R C |
San J ose, California
G entl emen: I am i nterested in explori ng the
middle world of my mind. Pl ease send me
I the fr ee book, T h e M astecy of L i f e.
N A M E.
A DDRESS.
ROSICRUCIAN DIGEST
C O V ER S T H E W O R LD
T H E O F F I C I A L M A G A Z I N E O F T H E W O R L D - W I D E R O S I C R U C I A N O R D E R
Vol. X X X V MA R C H , 1957 No. 3
C r y p t o f Desc artes ( F rontispiec e) ..... ..... ............ ........ 81
T ho ug ht o f the Mo nth: T hinking C reativ ely ..................... 84
O ne Small Song ................................................ ...... 87
Env ironment and Ethics....... 88
T he A nc ient O r d e r o f Druids 92
C an You Explain T his?...... 93
The Mind a Psychic Radio 94
F inding s in T elep athy ................... 98
C athed ral C ontac ts: Sanc tuary ................................... 102
Hours o f Birth and 'D eath'............................ .......... .................... ........... 105
F rom Paraly sis to Paraly mpic s 109
T emple Echoes ................................... I I I
T he Doorstep o f East A f ric a ........ ..... 113
T hree Mirro rs ( filler) ........................................... 116
Lost C iv iliz atio n ( Illustration) ... .................................... ...................... 117
Subscription to the Rosicrucian Dig est, $3.00 ( 1/2/- sterling ) per y ear. Sing le copies
30 cents ( 2/3 sterling ) .
Entered as Second- Class Matter at the Post O ff ic e of San Jose, C alif ornia, under Section
I 103 of the U. S. Postal Ac t of O c t. 3, 1917.
Chang es of address must reach us by the first of the month prec eding date of issue.
Statements made in this p ub lic atio n are no t the o f f ic ial expression o f the o rg aniz atio n o r
its officers unless stated to be offic ial communications.
Published Monthly by the Supreme C ounc il of
Rosicrucian Park T H E R O S I C R U C I A N O RD E R A M O R C San Jose, C alifornia
E D IT O R: F rances Vejtasa
T he P u r pose of t he R osi cr u ci an O r der
T he R os i c r uc i a n Or de r , e x i s t i ng i n a l l c i v i l i z e d l a nds , is a nons e c t a r i a n f r a t e r na l body of men
a nd w ome n de v ot ed t o t he i nv e s t i g a t i o n, s t udy , a nd pr a c t i c a l a ppl i c a t i o n o f na t ur a l a nd s pi r i t ua l
laws . T he pur pos e o f t he o r g a ni z a t i o n i s to enabl e a l l to l i v e i n ha r mo ny w i t h the cr e at i v e , con
s t r uct i v e Cos mic f or ces f o r t he a t t a i nme nt of he a l t h, ha ppi ne s s , a nd peace. T he O r de r i s i nt e r
na t i o na l l y k now n a s "A M O R C (a n a bbr e v i a t i o n) , a nd the A . M. O . R . C . i n A me r i c a a nd a l l ot he r
l ands cons t i t ut e s t he o nl y f o r m of R o s i c r uc i a n a c t i v i t i e s uni t e d i n one body . T he A . M. O . R . C . does
niit s e l l i t s t e a c hi ng s . I t g i v e s t he m f r e e l y to a f f i l i a t e d me mbe r s t o g e t he r w i t h ma ny o t he r benef it s .
l'-i,r compl e t e i nf o r ma t i o n a bo ut t he be ne f it s a nd a dv a nt a g e s o f R o s i c r uc i a n a s s oc i a t i on, w r i t e a
l e t t e r to t he addr e s s be l ow , a nd a s k f o r t he f r ee book , T he Ma s t e r y of L i f e . A ddr e s s S cr ibe
S. P . C., R os i c r uc i a n O r de r , A .MOHC, S a n J o s e , C a l i f o r n i a , U . S . A . (Cabl e A ddr e s s : A .MOK CO )
Copyright. 1957. by the Supreme Grand Lodge of AMORC, Inc. All rights reserved.
The
Rosicrucian
Di gest
March
1957
T H E
THOUGHT OF THE MONTH
T HINKING CREATIVELY
By T H E IMP E R A T O R
e c e n t l y an i n d u st r i al
leader, i n an address be
fore a young mens serv
ice club, urged them to
thi nk creati vel y. H e
concluded by sayi ng that
such was a p rerequisite
f o r success i n t o d ay s
business world. Si nce the
not attemp t, to define thi nk
i ng cr eati vel y, he must have assumed
unless his remarks were intended as a
mere cliche that everyone understood
the p rocess. Everyone, of course, has
the cap aci ty to thi nk creati vel y some
more so than others. T he fact that
many do not or onl y occasi onal l y do
creati ve thi nki ng is, we believe, due to
their not havi ng any sp ecific i nstruc
tion in the matter.
L et us begin si mp l y by sep arati ng
the p hrase into its two comp onent parts
namel y, the words, thi nki ng and cr e
ati vel y. Everyone who forms ideas does
so by thi nki ng. H avi ng a thought is
to have knowledge or awareness of a
thing. But a mere sensation is not neces
sari l y a thought. T here are, for ex
amp l e, vari ous kinds of sensations: or
gani c sensations whi ch include kinaes-
theti c, such as bodi l y movement or the
feel i ng of wei ght or p ressure; vi sceral
sensations or the feel i ng of the organs
of our body, as the p ul sati on of the
heart and the exp ansion and contrac
tion of the chest i n breathing. These
sensations, unless some idea or notion
is associated wi th them, do not consti
tute thi nki ng.
I t is difficult for us, however, to ex
p erience a sensation wi thout i denti fyi ng
some idea with it almost i mmediately.
I f you feel sudden heat, you wi l l , most
l i kel y, si mul taneousl y thi nk of vari ous
sources or causes of it. T hi s is the re
sult of your havi ng p erceived at some
time rel ated sensations; that is, you
saw what ap p eared to cause the heat
at the same time as you felt it. T here
fore, whenever subsequently exp eri enc
ing the sensation of heat, the related
i dea of what you ori gi nal l y had seen,
in connection wi th it, would be recalled.
I deas can be mere words whi ch we
have assigned to sensations without
thei r havi ng any corresp onding mental
image. You may, for further examp le,
i denti fy a sound as being hi gh-pi tched.
You may have no knowledge of just,
what caused it. Y et the term, high-
p itched, constitutes an idea. I t is a
thought.
There is a general distinction which
it i s necessary to make in the nature
of thought. W e shall say that thought
is of two kinds, i nvol untary and vol un
tar y. I nvol untary thought is that which
arises i mmedi atel y from some p ercep
tion or sti mul i without the conscious
effort of thi nki ng on our p art. Look up
from this p age and about the room in
whi ch you are seated. I mmedi atel y
you wi l l vi sual l y p erceive that is, see
some object whi ch wi l l have identi ty
or meani ng to you. Si multaneousl y with
the sti muli you wi l l have an idea as to
the nature of the vi sual image. I n
other words, you wi l l be conscious that
such i s a wi ndow, a chai r, a lamp , or a
bookcase. T hi s whole p rocess wi l l be
so instantaneous that it wi l l seem to be
an i nvol untar y resp onse. M ost of our
thi nki ng is of this typ e and is, conse
quentl y, effortless and, unfortunatel y,
p referred by most p ersons.
Vol untary thi nki ng is a more com
p lex p rocess. I t is, shal l we say, a
search for new ideas. By contrast with
i nvol untary thought, i t i s work. T he
effort, however, becomes less wi th the
culti vati on of the habit. I n vol untary
thought, we reason. W e may, for ex
amp le, take the elements of exp erience,
ideas had, and reorganize them into a
form whi ch p rovides us wi th a different
idea whi ch is more thoroughl y sati sfy
i ng to us.
T o use an anal ogy, A , B, and C are
sep arate ideas. T hey have ari sen from
some p ercep tual exp erience, something
whi ch we have ei ther heard or seen.
T hese sep arate thoughts, the p arti cul ars
of the exp erience, are not ful l y com
p rehensible to us. W e may bel i eve that
there is some relation, however, be
tween A , B, and C whi ch we should
know or that wi l l make these ideas more
useful to us. W e p roceed, fi gurati vel y,
to juggl e them about i n our minds. W e
concentrate up on them, holding them
i n mind, exami ni ng each i n rel ati on to
the others. I f we are successful from
such a combination, there emerges a
new thought whi ch is grati fyi ng to us.
Such a method of vol untary thought
is known also as concep tual thought;
that is, i t consists of concep tions as con
trasted to p ercep tions or that whi ch is
objecti vel y p erceived. I t i s to be seen
that this typ e of thi nki ng i s subjecti ve.
Our consciousness is i ntroverted. I t is,
i n other words, drawn i nward. I n p ro
found concep tual or vol untary thought,
we are not aware of that whi ch i s ex
ternal , unless the sti mulus from wi th
out i s so intense as to i nterrup t the
subjecti ve p rocess.
T hi s vol untary thought can be ac
comp lished either by means of an i n
ductive or a deductive p rocess. T he
former constitutes thi nki ng from some
p arti cul ar idea and enl argi ng i t to be
come a more general , al l -embraci ng
concep t. T hus, to revert to our anal ogy
agai n, A , B, and C are so uni ted as to
form an idea whi ch i ncludes them all.
T he deductive p rocess may begin
wi th some general notion whi ch we
have and then p roceed to an anal ysi s
of i t to determine of what sep arate
comp onents it may consist. For further
anal ogy, a mans business, we shal l say,
i s deteriorati ng. Such retrogression,
however, i s but a general notion to
him. WTiat are the par ti cul ar factors
whi ch are contri buti ng to this business
setback? I s i t due to loss of sales, i n
efficiency, or hi gher op erati ng costs? I n
deductive thi nki ng or reasoning the
search is for the p arti cul ars of whi ch
the whole i s comp osed.
I t must be real i zed that al l study is
not necessari l y vol untary thi nki ng i n
the manner whi ch we have here de
fined. L et us p resume that one i s study
i ng li nes to be sp oken i n a p l ay. H e is
concentrating up on them; he is focusing
his attention up on the words, the sym
bols of the ideas whi ch he reads. H e
is endeavori ng to gi ve each word such
mental emp hasis as to assure its reten
ti on i n the memory. Each word that
he reads may resul t i n an immediate
idea. T he si gni fi cance of the word re
qui res no vol untary thought. I f, for
examp l e, he sees such words as dog,
house, man, or tree i n the scrip t, thei r
content becomes i mmedi ate knowl edge
to him. Everyone who thus studies ma
teri al, p ri nci p al l y for memori zi ng its
content, i s not, therefore, by such ap
p li cati on a thi nker. T hi s accounts for
the fact that many p ersons who are
educated, who are p ossessed of a fount
of facts, may not be ori gi nal or anal yt
i cal i n thei r thi nki ng.
T o cr eate is to bri ng something into
existence as we ordi nari l y thi nk of it.
Phi l osop hi cal l y, however, i t may be
contended that i t does not l i e wi thi n
the p rovince of man to absol utel y cre
ate. W hatever man bri ngs forth is onl y
new i n form or i n function, but not
comp l etel y so i n essence. T he creation
of the human mi nd is the p rocess of
reorgani zati on or reap p l i cati on of that
whi ch exists al ready i n some nature.
From the p racti cal rather than from
the p hi losop hical ap p roach, there are
two ways i n whi ch to create. T he first
arises from an exi gency. I t comes when
one is confronted wi tn a p roblem, as
a need to acqui re or accomp lish some
thi ng. T he creation then consists i n
p rovi di ng a solution. I t is obvious that
a whol l y objective p erusal of the ele
ments i s not al ways sufficient. M erel y
to exami ne the thi ng or circumstances
as they exi st i n thei r enti rety wi l l usu
al l y not suggest anythi ng more than
what they ap p ear to be. T he p roblem
arises from the fact that the normal
condition or one whi ch i s desired is
blocked, i t is i nterfered wi th i n some
manner. I f exami nati on does not reveal
the cause, then thi nki ng cr eati vel y must
be ap p lied.
One may begin deducti vel y, though
this dep ends on the p arti cul ar nature
of the p roblem, as we shal l note. One
asks hi msel f, W hy does thi s thi ng or
circumstance normal l y work i n a satis
factory manner? W l i at are the causes
that contri bute to what i t is and what
i t does?
T here are many thi ngs whi ch we
accep t i n l i fe. So l ong as they serve
us, we gi ve them l i ttl e thought. I f we
do not comp rehend the nature of a
thi ng or function, we cannot hop e to
remedy its fai l ure. E ver y effort, there
fore, must be made to fi gurati vel y dis
sect the normal qual i ty or functi on of
the thi ng. W hat makes i t as i t i s? By
thi s p rocess we begin to form a mental
p i cture and dwel l up on the p roblem of
its i ntegral p arts. I f we find that, for
a thi ng to functi on i n a certai n man
ner, A , B, C, and D of whi ch i t is
comp osed must be arranged i n a p ar
ti cul ar way, we have then discovered
its p attern of relationship s. W e have
l earned the uni ty of dep endence of its
resp ecti ve elements.
T he next requi rement is to determi ne
whether each of these relationship s con
tinues to exist. I f one or more do not,
or i f they are not op erati ng i n a manner
i n accord wi th the arrangement we
thi nk necessary, we then know what
needs to be created. O ur creation wi l l
consist of restori ng that condition to
its p rop er function. W e are then di
rected m the p rop er channel of i nves
ti gati on.
T he second method of creati ng is
more concep tual. I t consists of formu
l ati ng some ideal, some objective, whi ch
one wishes to attain. T hi s i deal may
not necessari l y be an extension of some
thi ng whi ch objecti vel y i s al ready in
existence. I n other words, i t does not
T he have to be a mere enl argement or im-
R osi cr uci an Pr0nent up on some external p revai l -
mg thi ng or condition. I he suggestion
di gest ma ari se from ones own ideation
M ar ch rather than by p ercei vi ng a need in
1957 something else around him.
L et us use a hyp otheti cal case for
further eluci dation of this p oint. A n
i ndi vi dual , we shal l say, real i zes that
he has accep ted the words, good and
evi l , as a mere manner of sp eech to
exp l ai n the qual i ti es of a thi ng or con
dition. H e has never real l y attemp ted
p ersonal l y to define the words and to
arri ve at an i nti mate understandi ng of
them. Pi e begins, therefore, a process
of vol untary thought, as we have ex
p lai ned. H e mental l y inquires into the
nature of good. W hy is something re
ferred to as such? Eventual l y, by his
rel egati ng to the word good al l the
thought whi ch he has ever had about
it, a p rocess of eval uati on begins. Some
of hi s p resup p ositions are drop p ed as
bei ng erroneous. Other notions ap p ear
whi ch have greater cl ari ty to hi m; they
seem self-evi dent. These become a new
convi nci ng concep tion. I t is a creati on.
H e has added a new idea.
A creation does not have to have
external i ty. I t can be enti rel y subjec
ti ve something whi ch we have added
to our own understanding. W e may,
for examp l e, create a new p hi losop hy
of l i fe for ourselves, a new way of l i vi ng.
Creati ng must h ave mot i v at i on .
T here must be i ncentive. No one ever
creates who i s satisfied wi th hi msel f
and al l the thi ngs and conditions of his
environment. T he creator i s a crusader.
H e wants to remedy what he conceives
to be a faul t or he wants to transcend
some exi sti ng circumstance. H e must
have sufficient i magination to be able
to p roject the p resent into the future.
H e must be able i n his imagi nati on and
vol untary thi nki ng to fi nd ways of ad
vanci ng A to B, and B to C.
T hi nki ng creati vel y quickens the i n
tuiti on. I ntui ti on i s a hi gher order or
judgment of the mind whi ch occurs i n
the subconscious. I n the thi nki ng to
cr eate, we are not al ways successful in
our vol untary p rocess, as we al l know
too wel l . T he necessary association of
ideas does not al ways flow readi l y. T he
effort to comp lete a chai n of thought
is often continued i n the subconscious
after we have dismissed i t objecti vel y.
I t continues there as an unconscious
wor k of the mind. A hi gher order of
judgment wi thi n our own mental p roc
esses carri es on where we have vol un
tar i l y l eft off. T he dominant thought
then unconsci ously calls forth al l the
related ideas unti l a harmonious order
is established whi ch becomes emotion
al l y sati sfyi ng. T he comp lete idea, then,
comes to the fore of the consciousness
as an insp iration or i ntui ti ve flash.
Periods of meditation and abstraction
sti mulate the i ntuition just as listeni ng
to musi c culti vates an ap p reci ati on of
it. Setting aside a half-hour a day for
vol untary thi nki ng is essenti al to devel
op ing the p rocess of mental l y creating.
One must enter the p eriod of medita
tion wi th a sp ecific p urp ose, something
V
whi ch he wants to attain. Then, by
the p rocess of reasoning, p revi ousl y ex
p lai ned, he should tr y to find what
relationship there is between realiti es,
that is, what al ready has existence and
that whi ch he wishes to bri ng about.
H e must determi ne i n what manner
that whi ch i s can contri bute to that
whi ch as yet i s not. T he gap must be
bri dged. T he creator is r eal l y an al
chemist. H e is transmuti ng the elements
of that whi ch has existence into what
to him and others may ap p ear as a new
substance or exp ression.
A V
( D n z < S m a [[ ^ S o n c j
B y A n n S y l t e , F.R.C.
woke, and waki ng, real
ized that I had been l i s
teni ng to m u si c fr om
another worl d: a world
of gr eat er dimensi on
of dep th, color, and sound
beyond the exp erience of
ordi nary o b j ect i ve con
sciousness. I n the back
ground of mind were sti ll , di ml y heard,
the celesti al overtones, the harmony of
worshi p ful song. A s I sl owl y and un
wi l l i ngl y came forth from this p lace of
divi ne concord, those l ovel y sounds were
being l eft behind. I struggled to bri ng
them wi th me, stri vi ng to recreate
mental l y the wondrous range of color
and beauty I had just l eft. I succeeded
onl y i n heari ng a smal l harsh sound
whi ch seemed to be al l that the limited
range of conscious mi nd could retai n.
Gone was al l the beauty the exul tant
sound of exquisi te musi c, the rol l i ng
overtones of magni fi cent melody. A l l
that was l eft was a small, discordant
tune within.
Could it be that this smal l song,
which conti nual l y goes on wi thi n each
one of us, when allowed to magni fy i t
sel f without the restrai nt of our con
scious minds, could extend into the
infini te vari ety and dep th of Sound i t
self, and become one wi th the musi c
of the uni verse? I s i t p ossible that the
small song of our hearts, freed from
fi ni te bearings, thus becomes one with
the voice of angels, and magni fi es to
sp i ri tual hei ghts the smal l rhythm of
our own beings? Can i t be that this
smal l voice wi thi n us is a segment of
the Cosmic A l l , an i nfi ni tesi mal smal l
p art of the grand crescendo of ecstatic
chords whi ch is the M usi c of the
Sp heres?
M usi ci ans and comp osers have ever
stri ven to cap ture these magi c notes,
and mysti cs of every age have sought
to i denti fy themselves wi th this music,
to enter into it, to remai n i n the circle
of glorious, sacred song, and fi nal l y to
awaken to a l i fe magni fi ed to heights
and dep ths uni magi ned, p rojected be
yond heari ng of any but the gods. T he
sound of trees cl ap p i ng thei r hands
the shouting of rocks the hal l el ujah of
joyful knowledge of the W ord, the
Logos, made flesh but yet eternal ! Stars
sp i nni ng i n great circles, p lanets p ass
i ng i n thei r orbits i n the midnight blue
of vast heavens thei r sound can onl y
be the musi c of the uni verse, the W ord,
l ovi ngl y fal l i ng from the l i p s of God
H i msel f, and going forth, forever, to
ful fi l l its eternal missi on of growth and
unfoldment.
T hi s is the hymn of sacred love, the
word whi ch was lost, the p ulsation
and ful fi l l ment of l i fe i tsel f i n the joy
of the hol y communion of one small
soul wi th the soul of God.
Environment and Ethics
By A l exan d er F. Sk u t ch , of Costa Rica
The
Rosicrucian
Di gest
March
1957
l t h o ugh farmers, natu
ralists, and other observ
ers had long known in a
general way that animals
and p lants are restricted
to p arti cul ar environ
ments and that the p res
ence of certain kinds of
living things is favorable
or unfavorable to certain others, the
systematic study of relationship s of this
sort began less than a century ago.
l i f e can exi st onl y wi thi n a very
narrow range of p hysi cal conditions.
Astronomers sp eak of t em p er at u r es
rangi ng from several hundred degrees
below zero i n i nterstel l ar sp ace to some
mi llions of degrees above zero i n the
i nteri or of the sun and stars. T he bi
ologist i s concerned wi th onl y a minute
fracti on of thi s total range of p ossible
temp eratures. Si nce al l l i vi ng thi ngs
contain a hi gh p rop ortion of water,
whi ch must be i n the l i qui d state i n
order to sup p ort vi tal p rocesses, l i fe can
go on onl y at temp eratures between the
freezi ng and boi l i ng p oints of water.
Few organisms can remai n al i ve at tem
p eratures even ap p roachi ng the boi l i ng
p oint of water, and these onl y i n a
quiescent state, as i n certai n sp ores.
Si mi l arl y, l i vi ng ti l i ngs requi re ai r of
a certai n comp osition. W e read of
p lanets surrounded by a dense atmos
p here i n whi ch methane or marsh gas
and ammonia are p rominent constitu
ents and free oxygen is l acking. I t is
certai n that l i fe as we know i t could
not exi st i n such a medium. W i th very
few excep tions, every ki nd of organism
on this earth is dep endent up on sun
light. But the l i ght must not be too
i ntense, as at our distance from the sun
i ts rays would be wi thout a fi l teri ng
atmosp here; yet l i ght must not be too
weak, as i n the case of starli ght.
A p hysiologist mi ght i nform us
whether a gi ven ki na of ani mal or
p lant, adequatel y fed, watered and p ro
tected, could survi ve for a day or a
month on some p art of the earths sur
face where the meteorologi cal condi
tions are known. H owever, the ki nd of
studies he makes are quite inadequate
to disclose whether this ani mal or p lant
could survi ve wi thout human care, and
rep roduce its kind, i n any p arti cul ar
natural environment.
Survi val dep ends not merel y up on
the p hysi cal envi ronment but also up on
the other l i vi ng thi ngs whi ch hap p en
to be p resent i n these surroundings. The
branch of bi ol ogy whi ch treats of the
relations of organisms to thei r total en
vi ronment, li fel ess and l i vi ng, is known
as ecology.
N at ural Communities
T he ecologist i s concerned wi th nat
ural communities, each of whi ch con
sists of few or many kinds of p lants and
of the animals great and smal l whi ch
l i ve among them, dep ending up on them
for food, shelter, and other vi tal needs.
Some communities consist of comp ara
ti vel y few sp ecies of ani mal s and p lants,
whereas other s are far more comp lex.
A n examp l e of a simp le community
is a cattai l marsh whi ch contains few
consp icuous p lants, save the cattai ls
themselves, although careful i nvesti ga
ti on discloses many vari eti es of small
and microscop ic p lants whi ch thri ve
among them, and ani mal s of numerous
kinds are not lacking. A n examp l e of
a comp lex communi ty i s a trop ical
forest, wi th its bewi l deri ng ar r ay of
great trees, many of them burdened
wi th masses of ai r-p l ants, its creep ers,
p alms, ferns, and l ow herbs, and al l the
birds, monkeys, rep tiles, insects, and
other creatures whi ch thri ve there. I n
al l p arts of the worl d where l i fe exists
i t is p ossible to recognize natural com
munities, and p racti cal l y every l i vi ng
thi ng belongs to some community.
T he study of these natural communi
ties, even the si mp l er ones, reveal s thei r
vast comp lexity. Di rectl y or indi rectl y,
every member seems to i nteract wi th
ever y other member, affecti ng i ndi vi d
ual and collective wel fare i n ways great
or small. T he p lants p rovide nouri sh
ment for the ani mal s, whi ch are i n
cap able of synthesi zi ng nutri ments from
inorgani c matter. T he ani mal s serve
the p lants by carryi ng thei r p ollen from
flower to flower, by scatteri ng thei r
seeds, by sti rri ng up and aerati ng the
soil, as earthworms do. A t the same
time some of the ani mal s do great harm
to the p lants by devouri ng thei r foliage,
flowers or other p arts, or, i n the case
of the l arger creatures, by breaki ng and
crushing vegetation as they move about.
T he fi rst requisite of an y natural
community is the p resence i n i t of or
ganisms, nearl y al ways green p lants,
whi ch bui ld up organi c comp ounds
from the si mp l er substances found i n
earth, water, and ai r. H owever, i t is
equal l y necessary that there be other
organisms to carry on the reverse p roc
ess, the breaki ng down of organized
tissues into thei r si mp l er constituents.
W ithout the bacteri a, fungi , and smal l
ani mal s whi ch decomp ose the l arger
organisms, the dead l eaves, stems and
flowers of p lants, the carcasses of
animals, would l i tter the ground in
ever-i ncreasing p rofusion, unti l vi tal
p rocesses would come to a hal t because
al l the necessary materi al s would be
locked up i n l i fel ess bodies.
I f the constructi ve p rocesses were not
ap p roxi matel y balanced by the destruc
ti ve p rocesses, the worl d would even
tual l y become a sort of vast museum
of the wonderful structures whi ch l i fe
could create, but there would be no
more growi ng, movi ng thi ngs to enjoy
the sunshine.
Co-Operators and Competitors
W e often fi nd i t conveni ent to divi de
the p eop le around us into fri ends and
enemies, co-op erators and comp etitors;
and si mi l arl y, when we thi nk of any
ki nd of p l ant or ani mal i n its natural
communi ty, we tr y to cl assi fy the other
members of that communi ty as bene
fi ci al or i njuri ous to it. But deep er
study shows that this i s a rather nai ve
way of p roceeding. I n any association
of l i vi ng thi ngs, human or otherwise,
i t i s ver y difficult to draw the l i ne be
tween co-op eration and comp etition.
Co-op erators are easi l y turned into com
p etitors, and comp etitors often hel p each
other i n subtle ways a fact recognized
by a merchant when he locates his shop
close to another whi ch sells the same
things.
A p lot of bare ground i n a forested
regi on i s soon colonized by many more
seedlings than can fi nd room for their
ful l develop ment. T hey comp ete stren
uousl y among themselves for a p lace
i n the sun, and many succumb in the
struggle. But the crowdi ng causes them
to grow strai ght and tal l instead of
sp rawl i ng outward, and the clustered
fol i age miti gates the suns rays for the
more tender p lants that could not en
dure thei r ful l intensi ty.
Si mi l arl y, we look up on the great
cats and other carni vores as enemies of
the deer, antelop es, and other herbi v
orous ani mal s on whi ch they p rey. Yet
when we remove them we fi nd that the
grazers and browsers mul ti p l y to such
a degree that they destroy the vegeta
ti on on whi ch they subsist, and then die
of slow starvati on even more horri bl y
than when struck down by a lion or
a ti ger. So comp lex, so incap able of
faci l e schematizati on, are the i nterac
tions among the members of a natural
communi ty!
I t is often difficult to decide whether
some sp ecies of p l ant or ani mal is i n
the l ong run benefi ci al or i njuri ous to
some other sp ecies, but i t is far more
difficult to l earn the ul ti mate effect of
a whol e class of organisms up on some
other class. W e commonly thi nk of
hawks as enemies of the smal l er song
birds, and some of the former p rey
The
Rosi cruci an
Di gest
March
1957
heavi l y up on the latter. But other kinds
of hawks feed l argel y or almost whol l y
on snakes, and some kinds of snakes
devour many of the eggs and nestlings
of bi rds; so, i t i s p ossible that hawks,
taken as a class, are more benefici al
than detri mental to songbirds. And
serp ents not onl y destroy birds but also
eat some of the enemies of birds, so
that to el imi nate al l the snakes from
an area of woodland mi ght not bri ng
about the i ncrease i n its avi an p op ula
ti on that we exp ect.
M uch has been made of the rol e of
the smal l er birds i n keep i ng i n check
the insects whi ch at ti mes so conflict
wi th the interests of man. T he U ni ted
States government once conducted an
exhausti ve survey of the di etary habits
of the di fferent sp ecies i nhabi ti ng the
country, maki ng p ai nstaki ng anal yses
of the food taken by each sp ecie, and
sep arati ng the insects, each consumed,
into those benefi ci al and those i njuri ous
to agri cul ture. But some kinds of i n
sects p rey up on or p arasi ti ze others,
and i t i s difficult to decide whether the
redatory and p arasi ti c insects eaten by
i rds mi ght not, i f l eft al i ve, have been
more effecti ve than the birds themselves
i n reduci ng the numbers of the deleteri
ous sorts.
Perhap s the bi rd lovers and p oets
who have p ai nted such fri ghteni ng p ic
tures of what woul d hap p en to our
orchards and farms, and ul ti matel y to
ourselves, i f we destroyed al l the song
birds, exaggerate the situation. W e do
not know.
Stabilizing Associations
From the comp l exi ty of the interac
tions of the several kinds of creatures
formi ng a natural communi ty, and the
subtle manner in whi ch they co-op erate
and comp ete, i t results that the greater
the vari ety of organisms a community
contains, the more stable and enduring
i t is l i kel y to be. T he si mp l er com
munities, comp osed of rel ati vel y few
kinds of p lants and ani mal s, are i n
many cases transi tory. Often they rep
resent earl y stages i n the colonization
of new or denuded land, and they
gradual l y p rep are thi s area for occup a
ti on by a more vari ed and stable as
sociation of l i vi ng thi ngs.
Al though there are a number of rea
sons for the greater stabi l i ty of the
mor e var i ed communi ty, among them
we mi ght notice the greater i mmuni ty
from diseases and p lagues whi ch its
members enjoy. A p ure stand of p lants
of any sort, a crowded settlement of
men or other ani mal s, offers op timum
conditions for the rap i d sp read of an
infectious disease or of some destruc
ti ve i nsect p est. W hen p lants of one
ki nd are sep arated by p lants of other
kinds, the l atter act as barri ers to the
di ssemination of the p lague, whi ch as a
rul e attacks onl y one kind of vegetation,
or at most a group of rel ated sp ecies.
Si mi l arl y, the fewer the contacts be
tween ani mal s of the same kind, the
more sl owl y a disease sp reads through
the p op ulation.
I n the vast forests of the Amazon
basin, the Brazi l i an rubber tree con
ti nues to flouri sh amid a great vari ety
of trees, desp ite a fungus whi ch attacks
its foliage. I f one makes a cl eari ng in
these same forests and starts a p lanta
ti on of these rubber trees, he finds them
so heavi l y attacked by the fungus that
they yi el d li ttl e rubber; and this l eaf
disease has unti l recentl y defeated al l
attemp ts to establish p rofitable rubber
p lantations anywhere i n the Ameri can
trop ics. T he outstanding success of the
rubber p lantations i n the trop ics of the
Old W orl d is due to the fact that when
the Brazi l i an rubber tree was intro
duced there i n the last century, the
fungus was acci dental l y l eft behind.
Cities and Farms
A great modem ci ty is a community
comp osed of a single dominant organ
ism, wi th an admi xture of dep endent
organisms such as dogs, cats, birds in
cages, and p lants i n beds and p ots, and
a far l arger number of p arasi ti c or
semip arasiti c organi sms, i ncl udi ng rats,
mice, and hosts of bacteri a, many of
them hi ghl y i njuri ous to the dominant
ani mal man. I t i s difficult to p oint
to any si mi l ar aggregati on of comp ara
ble size measured i n number of inhab
itants comp osed so excl usi vel y of a
single ki nd of ani mal . T he less p op ulous
hi ves of bees and nests of ants seem
usual l y to harbor a rel ati vel y l arger
number of p arasi ti c insects and hangers-
on of vari ous sorts.
But these human communities are
far from self-sup p orting. T hey would
cease to exi st i f they did not each day
imp ort vast quantities of foodstuffs and
other materi al s, some of them brought
from the antip odes. T hus each human
community might be looked up on as
sendi ng out roots or tentacles to a num
ber of other communities scattered far
and wide over the earth; and its p ros
p eri ty dep ends up on the health of these
other sup p orti ng communities. Or we
might thi nk of the ci ty al ong wi th al l
those regions whi ch contribute to its
l i fe as formi ng one single, comp lex
community, discontinuous i n sp ace, its
scattered p arts joined by arteries along
whi ch materials flow i n both directions
for the ci ty must somehow p ay i n
goods and services for what i t recei ves.
Some of the materi al s whi ch a ci ty
recei ves, such as l umber and p ulp for
p ap er, come from natural woodland;
and i t is obvious that these woods must
form balanced, sel f-sustai ni ng commu
nities, i f they are to continue to p roduce
what the ci ty requires. M ost of the
foodstuffs, as wel l as fibers for clothing,
come from cul ti vated fields, where hu
man op erations create conditions di ffer
ent from those whi ch p revai l i n com
munities where man has not interfered.
But a fi el d of grai n, vegetables, or
cotton is by no means a p ure culture,
such as a bacteriologist may mai ntai n
in a test tube. T he soil i n whi ch the
crop grows sup p orts a vari ed flora and
fauna, many of whose members are so
small that they escap e ordi nary obser
vation: weeds sp rout among the cul ti
vated p lants; insects swarm ami dst thei r
fol i age; birds f l y overhead or nest i n
the fi el d itsel f. M oreover, there are
usual l y adjacent areas of more or less
natural vegetation, and what hap
p ens i n them may have great effect up
on the success of the crop . For examp le,
animals of vari ous sorts whi ch breed
there may come forth to eat it.
T hus the farms are by no means ex
emp t from the op erati on of the p roc
esses whi ch govern al l communities of
l i vi ng things, and the distant cities are
in turn cl osel y dep endent on the farms.
I n p arti cul ar, i t should be noted that
an extensive field of grai n or some oth
er culti vated p lant is, li ke al l organisms
i n simp le communities, comp osed of
rel ati vel y few sp ecies, hi ghl y vul ner
abl e to any fungal disease or i nsect p est
that gains a foothold i n it.
Dangers of Wholesale Destruction
Exasp erated by these p lagues that so
greatl y dimi ni sh the farmers p rofits
and at times seem to jeop ardize the ver y
existence of humani ty, men have de
voted much thought to devi si ng meth
ods to control or destroy noxious
organisms. Recentl y chemists have i n
vented some extremel y l ethal com
p ounds; whol e forests and swamp s have
been dusted wi th them. Al so, roadsides
have been treated wi th chemicals whi ch
destroy almost everythi ng that sp routs
there. T hese successes i n the wholesale
destruction of undesi red creatures
al ong wi th i nnumerabl e others which
gi ve us no ground for comp laint are
leadi ng to the notion that we may
fi nal l y el i mi nate from the worl d al l
so-called noxi ous organisms, l eavi ng
onl y ourselves, our domestic animals
and cul ti vated p lants, and such other
creatures as are somehow useful to us,
or at l east do not cause us discomfort
nor diminish our p rofits.
But anyone who has absorbed some
of the p ri nci p l es of ecology wi l l at once
detect the fal l aci es and the dangers of
this shal l ow mode of thought. I n the
fi rst p lace, there i s the almost i nsup er
able diffi cul ty of fi nal l y disti nguishing
between fri ends and enemies, co-op
erators and comp etitors. A n organism
whi ch di rectl y hurts human interests
may i ndi rectl y benefit us, as by keep
i ng i n check some other organism whi ch
mi ght become even more i njuri ous, or
by p reservi ng the balance of a natural
communi ty whose health is imp ortant
to us. T he bird, for examp le, that eats
our cherries or other smal l frui ts may
also devour insects whi ch i f uncon
trolled woul d greatl y damage the frui t
trees.
Ecol ogy i s such a young science, and
the p roblems i t investi gates are so com-
l ex, that he would be an unusual l y
ari ng ecologist who woul d venture to
p redi ct the ul ti mate effect of the com
p lete removal from a natural communi
ty of some ki nd of organi sm whi ch has
long flourished i n it.
A thri vi ng communi ty of animals
and p lants mi ght be comp ared to a
heal thy human body; and each of the
sp ecies whi ch make up thi s community
might be likened to one of the organs
(Conti nued on p age 107)
^UPl z c^-fnaiznt (Dzdzz of U^>%uicl
By J o h n C. H e n d r i k s e , LL.M., Western Australia
The
Rosi cruci an
D i gest
March
1957
i n c e 1850, Drui d hall s
have been fami l i ar sights
i n the cap i tal s and towns
of A ustral i a. Throughout
its Commonwealth, 64,000
old and new Austral i ans
(mi grants) of every creed
and colour have taken
p art i n ri tual i sti c i ni ti a
ti on ceremonies symbolic of the ancient
ri tes of the Britons.
Drui di sm p receded Chri sti ani ty. I t
was p robabl y the p re-Celti c and aborig
i nal fai th of Gaul (France) adop ted and
modified by the Celts mi grati ng to the
Bri ti sh I sles. W hen archaeologi sts dis
covered a Drui di c god seated on an
al tar wi th his legs crossed, the theory
was advanced that Drui ds were fol l ow
ers of Buddha.
J ul i us Caesar described them as a
body of p riests, p hilosop hers, judges,
magi ci ans, and astronomers who were
the nati ons leaders p ossessing the p ow
er to excommuni cate hi gh officials. Even
ki ngs submitted to thei r wi l l . T hei r
name was derived from the Celti c word
dru for oak (dr us i n Greek), because
they met i n the sacred oak grove.
T here, nocturnal i ni ti ations into the
vari ous degrees of p riesthood took p lace
i n stone temp les situated on hi gh sp ots.
T he ceremonies were held i n the ark of
mysteri es (cromlech or dolmen) con
sisti ng of two up ri ght stones wi th a
l arge flat rock across the top of them.
(Rel i cs of underground temp le cham
bers have been found i n Derbyshi re and
W i l tshi re.)
T o consolidate thei r influence, the
Drui ds imp arted thei r knowledge by
word of mouth, usual l y i n verse form,
to p revent the masses from gai ni ng i n
sight.
Y et i t i s known that they were wor
ship p ers for whom the sun held sp ecial
meaning. T hey believed i n rei ncarna
ti on and shared Pythagoras conviction
as to the magi c of numbers. T hey mai n
tai ned that water, the fi rst mani festa
ti on of matter, existed i n absolute p uri
t y before the creati on; that fi re
cleansed the body and soul and attuned
man to the uni verse.
T he p riests foretold the future from
the movement of water, the flights of
birds, the p resence of white horses, and
from human sacrifices.
T hey organised the festi vities on M ay
Eve, the remembrance of whi ch i s still
al i ve i n the nati onal sp orts and games
associated wi th M ay D ay. T he p eop le
joined them i n the celebration of the
suns bi rthday on December 25 wi th
great bonfi res and mistletoe decorations.
Chri sti ani ty and Drui di sm clashed as
was to be exp ected. T he Arch-Drui d
real i zi ng the new rel i gi on endangered
his p osition, convened a meeti ng to dis
cuss ways and means of eradi cati ng the
Chri sti an fai th p reached by St. Patri ck.
But the Church smoothed away di f
ferences between the two group s and
borrowed from the Drui di c doctrine.
Resp ecti ng the nati onal tradi ti on, the
Church sup p orted the December feast,
wi th some metap horical modification, as
the commemoration of Chri sts birth.
T he bl endi ng was so successful that the
p eop le were converted before they real
ized it. T he Druids, charged wi th black
art and unhol y dealings, were fi nal l y
defeated under Suetoni us, Roman Gov
ernor of Bri tai n.
Yet, they continued thei r p racti ces i n
secret unti l the 11t h century and were
frequentl y featured i n legends and
songs comp osed by the M i nstrels. Some
Scottish kings sent thei r sons to Drui di c
colleges to study astronomy, astrology,
and natural p hilosop hy.
For centuries the Pri nces of W al es
have been i ni ti ated at Stonehenge a
temp le since 2000 B.C. and Queen
Eli zabeth I I has been admitted as a
Bard of the Anci ent Order of Druids.
T he p easants of the Bri ti sh I sles and
Scandi navi a have p erp etuated Drui di c
lore. T he p leasant custom of kissi ng a
young l ady under the mistletoe is ap
p arentl y of Drui di c ori gi n. Anci entl y,
the mistletoe was an emblem of p eace,
and the kiss a kiss of p eace. T he
mistletoe was also considered to cure
p hysi cal and mental illnesses.
A p art from its ri tual asp ect revi ewed
at the qui nquenni al conference of the
Grand Lodge of Engl and, the p resent
Order i n A ustral i a has lost the mysti
cism of the anci ent Celti c organizati on.
Founded i n 1781 i n London, from
where i t sp read throughout the Engl i sh-
sp eaki ng worl d, the Anci ent Order of
Drui ds of the p resent day is a Fri endl y
Soci ety to whi ch an y rep utabl e p erson
may ap p l y for social membership .
V A V
dan. ^Ljoii SxULain.
By K ay St i n n et t