and Interpretation, 4th ed, by Robert P. Langlais The long-awaited fourth edition of Exercises in Oral Radiology and Interpretation by Dr Robert Langlais succeeds the third edition of 1992. The text was actually completed in 2003 to coincide with the 25th anniversary of the publication of the rst edition, Exercises in Intra- oral Radiographic Interpretation, in 1978. This edition has been entirely redone and upgraded by Dr Langlais following Dr Myron Kasles retirement from co- authorship. The new edition has a gray watermark background on its cover with a mix of crisp white, blue, and black text that is very appealing and welcomes the reader to the content pages within. This new edition remains true to its roots as a modern radiographic atlas for intraoral radiographic anatomy, identication of foreign and restorative materials, and trouble-shooting errors. This edition has a new feature to assist the novice radiog- rapher in learning radiographic anatomy. There are many side-by-side black, white, and gray-tone illus- trated sketches of the radiographic images. This makes recognition of structures on the radiographs more visible and greatly improves the learning potential and educational value of the images. The new edition has an expanded atlas of panoramic images. There is also a separate chapter on panoramic radiographic errors. This chapter has updated images as well as detailed schematic illustrations explaining the degree and magnitude of panoramic distortion artifact. This latest edition has updated, contemporary in- formation with new content chapters on digital imaging for intraoral and panoramic radiographs. Specically, the chapters explain how to physically handle the sensors and the computer software used to manage the images. More detail is given on photostimulable phos- phor plate sensor technology as these sensors require a more hands-on technique. Although these 2 chap- ters lack the detail on the process of digitization that is typically reserved for formal radiology texts, they remain as admirable introductions to the use of digital receptors for imaging of oral anatomy. This edition maintains the intent of the previous editions in preparing students for local, state, or national radiology certifying examinations. These chapters are also pertinent in preparation for the American Dental Associations Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations, ie, the National Board Dental Examina- tions (NBDE), the National Board Dental Hygiene Examinations (NBDHE), and the Dental Assisting National Board (DANB). Besides the expansive 475 Board-preparation questions, there are another 2 chapters with case-based questions on recognition and diagnosis of dental anomalies as well as case-based questions on assessment and interpretation of jaw pathology. These case-based questions follow the current paradigm for educational testing. Dr Langlais fourth edition of the textbook has maintained the purpose and integrity of the previous editions. The book has fullled its goal in presenting more expansive content on intraoral imaging with the inclusion of up-to-date information on radiology hard- ware and digital sensors. Because of its breadth, this book remains a primary consideration as an intraoral radiologic atlas. It also must continue to be an oral and maxillofacial radiology reference textbook for dental assisting, dental hygiene, and dental and graduate dental education. However, its utility as an intraoral and panoramic radiographic atlas continues to make the book a valuable reference text in the dental ofce for all levels of dental practitioners. Exercises in Oral Radiology and Interpretation, 4th ed By Robert P. Langlais Elsevier Inc; St Louis: 2004. 400 pp. Reviewed by: Kenneth Abramovitch, DDS, MS Section of Radiology, Dental Branch University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, Texas doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.08.022 OOOOE December 2004 765