By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)

1
Embedded Systems Design
(EE-4314)
Fateen Mubarak
Lecture # 5
12
th
September 2013
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
2
Design Process
System Specification
Behavioral Specification
RT Specification
Logic Specification
To Final Implementation
System Specification:
The designer describes the desired
functionality in some language, often a
natural language like English but preferably
an executable language like C, we shall call
this the system Specification
Behavioral Specification:
The designer refines the System
Specifications by distributing portions of it
among several general and/or Single-
purpose processors, this process is known
as behavioral Specification
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
3
Design Process
System Specification
Behavioral Specification
RT Specification
Logic Specification
To Final Implementation
RT Specification:
The designer refines the behavioral
Specifications by converting the into
assembly code, register transfer
components and state machine.
Logic Specification:
The designer refines the RT specification into
Boolean equations, known as logic
Specification
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
4
Methods to improve the Design Process
Methods to improve the design Process
for Increased productivity:
Compilation/Synthesis
Libraries/IP
Test and verification
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
5
Methods to improve the Design Process
Compilation/Synthesis:
Lets a designer specify desired functionality in
an abstract manner and automatically
generates low-level implementation details.

Logic Synthesis tool converts Boolean
expressions into a connection of logic gates
(netlist)
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
6
Methods to improve the Design Process
Libraries/IP
Libraries involves reuse of pre-exiting implementations.

Cores:
The components (like compression components, bus
interface, display controllers, general purpose
controllers) which can me implemented as a portion of
an IC is know as a core

Intellectual Property:
The cores that must be protected from copying are
known is Intellectual Property
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
7
Methods to improve the Design Process
Test/verification:
This involves ensuring that functionality is
correct. To detect the presence of deadlock.

By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
8
Methods to improve the Design Process
Simulation:
Logic Gate level Simulators: Provides output signal
timing waves forms given input Signal waveforms
General Purpose Processor Simulators
It executes machine code
HDL Simulators:
Executes RT-Level descriptions and provides output
waves form given input waves form.
Model Simulator (System level Simulators)
Simulates the initial system specification using an
abstract computation model independent of any
processor technology
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
9
Quiz 01
Students with even class ID:
Why do we have at least one processing unit
for an Embedded System?

Students with odd class ID:
Why do we have stringent power
requirements in Embedded System?
Time: 15 mins
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
10
Embedded design considerations
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
11
Embedded design considerations
I wish to have the best embedded system, but I could accept
the right solution.
Success
Time-to-Market
Budget/Cost
($$)
Team
Capability
Market Need
System Performance
Interface/
Communication
Power
Life-cycle/Reliability
Regulations
Sensor
Software
Memory
Control
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
12
Interesting survey results about embedded design
These results are based on a 2011 study of the embedded space by UBM
Electronics in conjunction with EE Times and Embedded System Design.
An embedded design team has 13.5 members on average
62% software, remaining hardware.

Looking at embedded projects
43% focused on brand new developments.
57% are upgrades to existing embedded systems.

Projects take 12 months to complete on average.
57% finished late or were cancelled.

Design teams reused 87% of existing code.
[Source] Sanjay Challa, How FPGAs, multicore CPUs, and graphical programming are changing
embedded design, EE Times 5/9/2012