320

State Training Services
Perform substation switching operation to

given schedule (UETTDRIS05A)
Certificate IV in ESI Substation Resources (UET40206)
Learner Guide
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Perform substation switching operation Learner Guide - 3 - NSW DET 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Using this Learner Resource..........................................................................................5
Use as Refresher Training.......................................................................................5
Mapping to Training Package........................................................................................5
Essential Knowledge and Associated Skills..........................................................6
Learning Outcomes....................................................................................................6
Assessment.................................................................................................................6
Recognition of Prior Learning/Current Competence.................................................7
Introduction....................................................................................................................8
Health and Safety Considerations..................................................................................8
Safe Working Distances.............................................................................................8
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) .......................................................................8
Standard Abbreviations..................................................................................................9
Overview of Network Switching.................................................................................10
Operational Objectives.............................................................................................10
Substation Switching Principles..............................................................................11
Disconnection Procedure.....................................................................................11
Reconnection Procedure......................................................................................11
Re-arrangement of System.......................................................................................11
Load Transfer...........................................................................................................12
Isolation of Equipment to be Worked On................................................................12
Testing to Prove De-energised.................................................................................12
Earthing of Equipment to be Worked On................................................................13
Setting Out the Work Area......................................................................................13
Issue of Access Authorities for Work or Test..........................................................13
Surrender of Access Authority for Work or Test.....................................................13
Removal of Work Area............................................................................................14
Removal of Earths....................................................................................................14
Reconnection of Equipment.....................................................................................14
Switching Instructions (Disconnect and Reconnect)...................................................15
The Switching Instruction (D&R) Paperwork.........................................................16
Switching Steps....................................................................................................17
Communication with Area System Controller.....................................................22
Preparation...................................................................................................................22
J ob Safety Analysis..................................................................................................22
Check the J ob...........................................................................................................23
Danger Tags.............................................................................................................23
Access Authorities for Work or Test.......................................................................23
Tape Stands and Tape..............................................................................................23
Earth Cables.............................................................................................................23
Isolation Switching......................................................................................................23
Circuit Breaker Operation........................................................................................23
Circuit Breaker Controls......................................................................................24
Operating Aids.....................................................................................................25
Operating Practices for Opening a Circuit Breaker.............................................25
Operating Practices for Closing a Circuit Breaker ..............................................26
Isolator Operations.......................................................................................................27
Operating Substation Isolators.................................................................................27
Proving De-Energised..................................................................................................28
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General Description of HV Detectors......................................................................28
Proving HV Apparatus De-Energised......................................................................28
Method of Operation of HV Detectors....................................................................28
General Description of Operating Rods...............................................................29
Earthing HV Electrical Apparatus...........................................................................29
Confirm Earthing Equipment is Serviceable.......................................................30
Using Earthing Equipment...................................................................................30
Operating Earth Switches....................................................................................31
Self Assessment Questions..........................................................................................32
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Introduction
Substation switching operations may be required for a number of purposes. These
include:
Taking a high voltage feeder out of service.
Performing maintenance or replacement of equipment such as transformers.
Isolation of other substation equipment including circuit breakers, busbars,
capacitor banks, frequency injection equipment, and singular items of HV
apparatus such as isolators, earth switches, cable potheads, surge arrestors, current
transformers and voltage transformers.
Making temporary or permanent reconfiguration of the substation.

The most common substation switching activity is associated with feeders and
transformers, and this learning module will focus upon these activities as examples.
The same principles are utilised for switching and isolation of other substation
equipment.
The procedure for performing the substation switching operation will be provided to
you by the System Operator (or equivalent) in the form of a Switching Instruction
(also known as a Disconnection and Reconnection Instruction). It is possible to be
lulled into a false sense of security through the use of these instructions. Switching
operators must have the knowledge and skill to recognise mistakes or omissions in the
Switching Instruction, which can occur because of local substation variations and
conditions which the System Operator, who is located elsewhere, may be unaware of.
Health and Safety Considerations
Incorrect substation switching can cause catastrophic failure of equipment, extreme
electrical arcing, and explosions, all of which have the potential to cause serious
injury or death. These training resources provide the theory and methodology for you
to work safely when performing switching operations within the substation
environment. There should be no departure from these principles unless your
organisation has produced a more up-to-date procedure which has been approved by a
qualified senior electrical engineer.
Safe Working Distances
All safe working distances must be maintained. Ensure you know the current
standards for safe working distance that apply in your organisation.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
The standard PPE for entering and working in a substation is:
Protective headwear, usually incorporating sun protection for the neck
Eye protection
Safety shoes
High visibility clothing, including long sleeved shirt
Gloves
Sunscreen

Some organisations may have other PPE requirements, and these should be checked
and confirmed before commencing work.
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Dehydration can be a problem for outdoor workers in Australia. Before commencing
work ensure that adequate supplies of drinking water are available, and make sure that
your water hydration is maintained while working outdoors.
Condition of Tools and Equipment
You will use a range of tools and equipment to perform substation switching. Before
commencing work this should all be checked for currency of operational certificates
or tags, and visually inspected to ensure that it is in safe usable condition. This
especially applies to high voltage testers and earth cables.
Standard Abbreviations
People working in substation environments and performing substation switching often
abbreviate technical terminology or use acronyms. The following is a list of those
which may be encountered, and which may be used in these learning resources.
ITEM ABBREVIATION
Access Authority(s) AA / AAs
Air Break Switch ABS
Air Circuit Breaker ACB
Auto Reclose A/R
Approval to Work ATW
Auto Standby AS/by
Auxiliary AUX
Busbar BUS
Capacitive Voltage Transformer CVT
Capacitor CAP
Changeover CO
Circuit Breaker CB
Current Transformer CT
Danger Tag DT
Disconnection and Reconnection
Instruction
D & R
Drop-out Fuse or Expulsion Drop-out DOF / EDO
Earth Switch ESW
Feeder FDR
Ganged Tripping Drop-out Fuse GDO / DDO
Gas Circuit Breaker GCB
Group GRP
Hazemeyer HAZ
High Voltage HV
Hours HRS
Independent INDEP
J oint Use J U
Lightning Arrester LA
Line Drop Compensation LDC
Live Line Clamp (or Connection) LLC
Low Voltage LV
Low Voltage Link LVL
Maintenance MAINT
Minutes MINS
Non-auto NA
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Normally Open N/O
Normally Closed N/C
No-volt NV
Number No
Numbers Nos
Oil Circuit Breaker OCB
Oil Fuse Switch OFS
Open Circuit OC
Open, Locked and Danger Tagged OLDT
Operating Agreement OA
Operations OPS
Overhead O/H
Overground Box (Pillar Box) OG Box
Out of Service O/S
Parallel //
Permanent PERM
Primary PRIM / PRI
Protection PROTN / PTN
Reclosing Circuit Breaker RecCB
Ring Main Isolator RMI
Supervisory Control And Data
Acquisition
SCADA
Secondary Sec
Seconds SECS
Section SECT
Sectionaliser SEC SW/AS
Sensitive Earth Fault SEF
Short Circuit SC
Single Pole Switch SP SW
Standby S/BY
Switch SW
Switchgear SWGR
Tap Changer TC
Temporary TEMP
Transformer TRANSF / TX / TXR
Underground UG
Underground to Overhead Termination UGOH
Underslung Link USL
Unserviceable US
Voltage Regulator (or Voltage
Regulation)
VR
Voltage Transformer VT
Table 1: Common Abbreviations in the Substation Environment
Overview of Network Switching
Operational Objectives
When performing substation switching we have priorities or objectives to personnel,
the owner of the infrastructure and to customers. These can be summarised as
follows:
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a.) Ensure the safety of personnel who are required to work on, or in the vicinity of
electrical apparatus and to safeguard the Public from electric shock.
b.) Safeguard the network Operators feeders and equipment.
c.) Maintain a reliable electricity supply to consumers.
d.) Reduce interruption of electricity supply to an absolute minimum.
Substation Switching Principles
There are two major elements of substation switching:
i. Disconnection of supply, and
ii. Reconnection of supply
One is essentially the reverse procedure of the other.
If the disconnection has been done to allow work or testing to be performed on HV
equipment, then there is a third intermediary step between disconnection and
reconnection. In this step a work area is designated and an Access Authority (work
clearance) prepared and issued to the work crew.
Disconnection Procedure
Routine Disconnection for work in Substations is carried out in the following steps-
1. Re-arrangement of the System,
2. Load transfer (if necessary),
3. Isolation of apparatus to be worked on,
4. Testing to prove de-energised,
5. Earthing of apparatus to be worked on,
6. Setting out the approved coloured tapes or barriers for the Work Area,
7. Issue of Access Authorities for Work or Test.
Reconnection Procedure
Routine Reconnection for work is carried out in the following steps -
1. Surrender of Access Authority for Work or Test.
2. Removal of defined work area.
3. Removal of earths.
4. Reconnection of apparatus.
Re-arrangement of System
Re-arrangement of the System could include any or all of the following items
depending on the complexity of the System and the loads to contend with.
Firstly, the transmission lines may need to be switched to close in a line that may be
on stand-by to maintain reliability, or take some line(s) out of service to take into
account fault levels. It may also require close consultation / checks with an
interconnecting authority to ensure their System, which could cause problems or
conversely may be needed in an emergency, if failure within our System required load
support to maintain System stability.
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Load Transfer
Often equipment which needs to be isolated so that work can be performed on it could
potentially result in an interruption of supply. For example, two transformers
operating in parallel, however when one is taken off line the other single transformer
is unable to handle the load (is overloaded). It may be possible to prevent this
interruption by transferring the load to another feeder or substation. Load transfer
should be carried out wherever possible to promote quality of supply and is sound
operating practice.
It may also be a simple case of transferring load to a stand-by transformer, or
transferring auxiliary loads, or transferring Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS)
to another VT supply to ensure there are no false operations or failure to operate
UFLS should it be required.
Isolation of Equipment to be Worked On
When equipment is to be worked on it must be isolated from all sources of supply.
For example -
i) A Distribution Substation can be energised from the LV side, if LV side has
not been isolated and the paralleling LV links with adjacent substations are closed,
causing a dangerous situation to exist,
ii) An HV line, which has been isolated by opening ABSs can be energised by
the Distribution Substation stepping up the LV as in (i) above. This could happen if
paralleling has been carried out on the LV side for continuity of customer supply and
Distribution Substation HV DOFs are still closed and the LV link not opened,
iii) An HV busbar, which has been isolated, can be energised by a Voltage
Transformer (VT), if the LV side of the VT was not isolated. (This would not
normally occur, as VT secondaries are generally dedicated supplies, and so would not
normally have back-feeds.) However, to comply with the Electrical Safety Rules and
standard HV Isolation and Access Procedures, and to cover any possibility, the LV
side of any VT within the area of isolation shall be isolated. This is carried out by
removing the fuses / links and applying a DT to the fuse / link bases or to the fuses /
links themselves.
Therefore it is necessary to isolate the equipment to be worked on from ALL possible
sources that could energise the apparatus.
Testing to Prove De-energised
As proof to ensure that the equipment is completely isolated and de-energised, it is
necessary to check with an HV Tester or other approved device that no voltage is
present. The procedure is as follows:
Prove that the Tester is operating correctly by testing against a known live source
or approved test source.
The point at which earths are to be attached are tested to prove de-energised.
The Tester is then checked again against a known live source or approved test
source to prove all indications are correct.
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Earthing of Equipment to be Worked On
After proving the isolated apparatus is de-energised, the section to be worked on must
be short-circuited, and earthed on both sides of the work location. Earthing should
preferably be visible from the work location.
HV Earthing procedures require a set of earths between the worksite and all possible
sources of supply and at least one set must be in view of worksite.
Setting Out the Work Area
Once the equipment is isolated and earthed the Work Area must be set out. Approved
coloured tapes or barriers are used for the issuing of an Access Authority for Work or
Access Authority for Test and define the enclosed Work Area. The tape and/or
barriers are set at a height of approximately 1.2m., leaving an opening as an entrance
to the Work Area. When creating the Work Area it must exclude live equipment, the
only exception being overhead strung conductors that are out of reach.
Warning notices may need to be placed in positions of danger to advise staff of any
overhead or adjacent danger or advice of any testing being conducted, which must be
done with the entrance closed.
Issue of Access Authorities for Work or Test
An Access Authority for Work or Test is a legal form issued by an Authorised Person,
e.g. Switching Operator or Access Authority Issuer. It is used to give qualified and
authorised personnel the written authority to work on specific item(s) of HV
equipment. The Access Authority for Work or Test specifies the following-
a.) The description of the work to be performed that the Access Authority covers.
b.) The points of isolation, where DTs have been attached.
c.) The location of Access Authority (Operator) Earths.
d.) Any special precautions, such as the nearest LIVE apparatus (HV or LV), or that
the energy source is still operational, etc.
Prior to issuing the Access Authority for Work or Test, the Switching Operator must
brief the Recipient of the Access Authority and all members of the work party who
are present, of the following -
a.) Points of isolation,
b.) Location of Access Authority Earths,
c.) The operating condition that the equipment is in, e.g. the CB energy source
(charged spring) is still operational and gives warning of any dangers in close
proximity to the work area,
The Recipient or any other member of the work party can request the Switching
Operator to prove that equipment is de-energised.
The Switching Operator concludes by advising the Area System Controller that the
Access Authority(s) has been issued and the time of issue.
Surrender of Access Authority for Work or Test
Once all Working Earths have been removed, the workers carrying out the
maintenance or test activities sign off the Access Authority and the Recipient signs
off to indicate that the Access Authority has been withdraw. Once this happens no
further work can be carried out on the equipment. The Recipient should state in the
appropriate section of the Access Authority if the equipment is not serviceable.
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When the Switching Operator receives the surrendered Access Authority he or she
should perform a visual check of the equipment to determine whether something has
been overlooked. When satisfied that all appears to be alright, the Switching Operator
advises the Area System Controller or Switching Co-ordinator that the Access
Authority for Work or Test is surrendered and they are ready to proceeding with the
Reconnection steps of the Switching Instruction (D & R).
Removal of Work Area
Once the Access Authority for Work or Test has been surrendered the coloured tapes
or barriers enclosing the work area must immediately be dismantled. This is done
before the removal of Operator earths. Removal of the barrier provides a visual
indication that no further work is to be undertaken.
Removal of Earths
After the work area is removed the Switching Operator can proceed with the
restoration section of the D & R. The first stage of reconnection on the Switching
Instruction will be the removal of earths. The earths should be left on the ground after
disconnection from the equipment until all reconnection work is completed and the
equipment is back in service. This reduces the out-of service-time of the equipment
and is particularly important if the equipment is critical to security of supply.
When the work is part of a Coordinated Switching Instruction involving work at the
remote end of a transmission line as well, the Switching Instruction is written to
indicate that restoration can only proceed when Access Authorities are surrendered at
all locations involved in the work.
Work at the remote end of a transmission line will also include earths at both ends.
The Coordinated Switching Instruction will permit removal of earths only. Clearance
will be given to continue with restoration only when all earths are removed.
Reconnection of Equipment
The isolation can be restored after the earths have been removed. The Switching
Operator can then proceed with the steps in the Switching Instruction covering the
closing of Isolators, up to the point where the apparatus is restored, and the Circuit
Breaker (CB) is open.
The order of closure of CBs will depend on the System configuration and will only
be carried out after all other restoration involved at any remote end(s) is completed.
After the closure of CBs, which could be carried out locally at the Substation or via
SCADA, the earths can be picked up off the ground and returned to the storage area.
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Trainer Guide
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Perform substation switching operation Trainer Guide - 3 - NSW DET 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Using this Trainer Resource...........................................................................................4
Modifying the Training Resources............................................................................4
Training Learners in Specific Tasks..........................................................................5
Use as Refresher Training.......................................................................................5
Practical Task.............................................................................................................5
Mapping to Training Package....................................................................................5
Introduction....................................................................................................................7
Topics Covered in this Module..................................................................................8
Network Overview.........................................................................................................9
Overview of Substation Switching..............................................................................10
Operational Objectives.............................................................................................10
Substation Switching Principles..............................................................................10
Re-arrangement of System.......................................................................................11
Load Transfer...........................................................................................................11
Isolation of Equipment to be Worked On................................................................12
Testing to Prove De-energised.................................................................................13
Earthing of Equipment to be Worked On................................................................13
Setting Out the Work Area......................................................................................13
Issue of Access Authorities for Work or Test..........................................................14
Surrender of Access Authority for Work or Test.....................................................15
Removal of Work Area............................................................................................15
Removal of Earths....................................................................................................15
Reconnection of Equipment.....................................................................................16
Switching Instructions (Disconnect and Reconnect)...................................................16
Initial Request..........................................................................................................16
The Switching Instruction (D&R) Paperwork.........................................................17
Preparation...................................................................................................................21
J ob Safety Analysis..................................................................................................21
Check the J ob...........................................................................................................21
Danger Tags.............................................................................................................22
Access Authorities for Work or Test.......................................................................22
Tape Stands and Tape..............................................................................................22
Earth Cables.............................................................................................................22
Isolation Switching......................................................................................................23
Circuit Breaker Operation........................................................................................23
Isolator Operations.......................................................................................................29
Operating Substation Isolators.................................................................................29
Proving De-Energised..................................................................................................31
General Description of HV Detectors......................................................................31
Proving HV Apparatus De-Energised......................................................................31
Method of Operation of HV Detectors....................................................................32
Proving the HV Detector .........................................................................................32
Operating Sticks or Rods.........................................................................................32
Earthing HV Electrical Apparatus...........................................................................33
Example of Typical Switching Operation................................................................36

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Timing Instructional Content Notes to Trainer

Introduction
Substation switching operations may be required for a number of purposes. These
include:
Taking a high voltage feeder out of service.
Performing maintenance or replacement of equipment such as transformers.
Isolation of other substation equipment including circuit breakers, busbars, capacitor
banks, frequency injection equipment, and singular items of HV apparatus such as
isolators, earth switches, cable potheads, surge arrestors, current transformers and
voltage transformers.
Making temporary or permanent reconfiguration of the substation.
The most common substation switching activity is associated with feeders and
transformers, and this learning module will focus upon these activities as examples. The
same principles are utilised for switching and isolation of other substation equipment.
The procedure for performing the substation switching operation will be provided to you
by the System Operator (or equivalent) in the form of a Switching Instruction (also
known as a Disconnection and Reconnection Instruction). It is possible to be lulled
into a false sense of security through the use of these instructions. Switching operators
must have the knowledge and skill to recognise mistakes or omissions in the Switching
Instruction, which can occur because of local substation variations and conditions which
the System Operator, who is located elsewhere, may be unaware of.

Display Slide 2

Display Slide 3

Learning Outcomes
(As per those listed on page 7 of this Trainer Guide.)
Display Slide 4 & 5

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Topics Covered in this Module
Overview of substation switching
Setting out the work area
Access Authority
Switching Instruction
Communication with the System Controller
Preparation
Steps to perform switching
Display Slide 6

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Network Overview
Substation switching is applicable to either transmission or zone substations. Figure 1
provides an overview of the typical electrical supply and distribution network.
Figure 1: Typical supply distribution network, indicating substations where switching occurs.

Display Slide 8

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Overview of Substation Switching

Operational Objectives
When performing substation switching we have priorities or objectives to personnel, the
owner of the infrastructure and to customers. These can be summarised as follows:
a.) Ensure the safety of personnel who are required to work on, or in the vicinity of
electrical apparatus and to safeguard the Public from electric shock.
b.) Safeguard of network Operators feeders and equipment.
c.) Maintain a reliable electricity supply to consumers.
d.) Reduce interruption of electricity supply to an absolute minimum.
Substation Switching Principles
There are two major elements of substation switching:
i. Disconnection of supply, and
ii. Reconnection of supply
One is essentially the reverse of the other.
If the disconnection has been done to allow work or testing to be performed on HV
equipment, then there is a third intermediary step between disconnection and
reconnection. In this step a work area is designated and an Access Authority (work
clearance) prepared and issued to the work crew.
Disconnection Procedure
Routine Disconnection for work in Substations is carried out in the following steps-
1. Re-arrangement of the System,
2. Load transfer (if necessary),
3. Isolation of apparatus to be worked on,

Display Slide 9

Display Slide 10

Display Slide 11

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4. Testing to prove de-energised,
5. Earthing of apparatus to be worked on,
6. Setting out the approved coloured tapes or barriers for the Work Area,
7. Issue of Access Authorities for Work or Test.
Reconnection Procedure
Routine Reconnection for work is carried out in the following steps -
1. Surrender of Access Authority for Work or Test.
2. Removal of defined work area.
3. Removal of earths.
4. Reconnection of apparatus.

Display Slide 12

Re-arrangement of System
Re-arrangement of the System could include any or all of the following items depending
on the complexity of the System and the loads to contend with.
Firstly, the transmission lines may need to be switched to close in a line that may be on
stand-by to maintain reliability, or take some line(s) out of service to take into account
fault levels. It may also require close consultation / checks with an interconnecting
authority to ensure their System, which could cause problems or conversely may be
needed in an emergency, if failure within our System required load support to maintain
System stability.
Display Slide 13

Load Transfer
Often equipment which needs to be isolated so that work can be performed on it could
potentially result in an interruption of supply. For example, two transformers operating
in parallel, however when one is taken off line the other single transformer is unable to
handle the load (is overloaded). It may be possible to prevent this interruption by
transferring the load to another feeder or substation. Load transfer should be carried out
wherever possible to promote quality of supply and is sound operating practice.
Display Slide 14

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It may also be a simple case of transferring load to a stand-by transformer, or transferring
auxiliary loads, or transferring Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) to another VT
supply to ensure there are no false operations or failure to operate UFLS should it be
required.

Isolation of Equipment to be Worked On
When equipment is to be worked on it must be isolated from all sources of supply. For
example -
i) A Distribution Substation can be energised from the LV side, if LV side has not
been isolated and the paralleling LV links with adjacent substations are closed, causing a
dangerous situation to exist,
ii) An HV line, which has been isolated by opening ABSs can be energised by the
Distribution Substation stepping up the LV as in (i) above. This could happen if
paralleling has been carried out on the LV side for continuity of customer supply and
Distribution Substation HV DOFs are still closed and the LV link not opened,
iii) An HV busbar, which has been isolated, can be energised by a Voltage
Transformer (VT), if the LV side of the VT was not isolated. (This would not normally
occur, as VT secondaries are generally dedicated supplies, and so would not normally
have back-feeds.) However, to comply with the Electrical Safety Rules and standard HV
Isolation and Access Procedures, and to cover any possibility, the LV side of any VT
within the area of isolation shall be isolated. This is carried out by removing the fuses /
links and applying a DT to the fuse / link bases or to the fuses / links themselves.
Therefore it is necessary to isolate the equipment to be worked on from ALL possible
sources that could energise the apparatus.
Trainer Note: The procedure for isolating the supply/supplies is covered in-depth later
in the learning materials.
Display Slide 15

Trainers may wish to draw line
diagrams on a whiteboard etc, to
demonstrate how the situations
described here could occur.

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Testing to Prove De-energised
As proof to ensure that the equipment is completely isolated and de-energised, it is
necessary to check with an HV Tester or other approved device that no voltage is
present. The procedure is as follows:
Prove that the Tester is operating correctly by testing against a known live source or
approved test source.
The point at which earths are to be attached are tested to prove de-energised.
The Tester is then checked again against a known live source or approved test source
to prove all indications are correct.
Display Slide 16
(This topic will be covered in more
depth using video examples later in
the module.)

Earthing of Equipment to be Worked On
After proving the isolated apparatus is de-energised, the section to be worked on must be
short-circuited, and earthed on both sides of the work location. Earthing should
preferably be visible from the work location.
HV Earthing procedures require a set of earths between the worksite and all possible
sources of supply and at least one set must be in view of worksite.
Display Slide 17
(This topic will be covered in more
depth using video examples later in
the module.)

Setting Out the Work Area
Once the equipment is isolated and earthed the Work Area must be set out. Approved
coloured tapes or barriers are used for the issuing of an Access Authority for Work or
Access Authority for Test and define the enclosed Work Area. The tape and/or barriers
are set at a height of approximately 1.2m., leaving an opening as an entrance to the Work
Area. When creating the Work Area it must exclude live equipment, the only exception
being overhead strung conductors that are out of reach.
Warning notices may need to be placed in positions of danger to advise staff of any
overhead or adjacent danger or advice of any testing being conducted, which must be
done with the entrance closed.
Display Slide 18

Display Slide 19 (videoclip)

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Issue of Access Authorities for Work or Test
An Access Authority for Work or Test is a legal form issued by an Authorised Person,
e.g. Switching Operator or Access Authority Issuer. It is used to give qualified and
authorised personnel the written authority to work on specific item(s) of HV equipment.
The Access Authority for Work or Test specifies the following-
a.) The description of the work to be performed that the Access Authority covers.
b.) The points of isolation, where DTs have been attached.
c.) The location of Access Authority (Operator) Earths.
d.) Any special precautions, such as the nearest LIVE apparatus (HV or LV), or that the
energy source is still operational, etc.
Prior to issuing the Access Authority for Work or Test, the Switching Operator must
brief the Recipient of the Access Authority and all members of the work party who are
present, of the following -
a.) Points of isolation,
b.) Location of Access Authority Earths,
c.) The operating condition that the equipment is in, e.g. the CB energy source (charged
spring) is still operational and gives warning of any dangers in close proximity to the
work area,
The Recipient or any other member of the work party can request the Switching Operator
to prove that equipment is de-energised.
The Switching Operator concludes by advising the Area System Controller that the
Access Authority(s) has been issued and the time of issue.
Trainer Note: You may wish to include more specific detail of the Access Authority
paperwork used in your organisation at this point in the presentation. A suggested
training activity is to have participants complete an Access Authority form based upon a
hypothetical scenario.
Display Slide 20

Display Slide 21 & 22

Display Slide 23

Display Slide 24 (videoclip)

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Instructions to Assessors
This Assessment Guide is part of a suite of resources that have been developed to
support 8 core units of competency from the Certificate IV in ESI Substation
(UET40206) as follows:

UETTDRIS05A Perform substation switching operation to a given schedule
UETTDRIS22A Implement and monitor the organisational OHS policies,
procedures and programs
UETTDRIS23A Implement and monitor environmental and sustainable energy
management policies and procedures
UETTDRSB01A Diagnose and rectify faults in power systems substation
environment
UETTDRSB02A Carry out substation inspections
UETTDRIS03A Install and maintain substation DC systems
UETTDRIS04A Maintain HV power system circuit breakers
UETTDRIS05A Maintain HV power system transformers and instruments

This Assessment Guide together with a Trainer Guide and a Learner Guide are
designed for UETTDRIS05A Perform substation switching operation to a given
schedule. This guide is intended to provide some direction to assessors who are
determining competence of students who have completed the theoretical and practical
instruction in this learning module. Assessors are expected to use their own
judgement in designing appropriate assessment questions and tasks and putting them
into context for the assessment candidate. At all times the principles of assessment,
that is, validity, reliability, flexibility and fairness must be complied with.

Use these guidelines to assist in preparing your own assessment instruments and tools.
The checklist should be treated as a starting point. You may choose to add more
checkpoints to highlight particular aspects of knowledge and skill that you want to see
evidence of. This could be through practical tasks or problem-based questions.
Evidence Required
Evidence for competence in this unit shall be considered holistically. Each element
and associated Performance Criteria shall be demonstrated on at least two occasions in
accordance with the Assessment Guidelines UET06. Evidence must also reflect
the critical aspects of evidence which includes the following:
Assessment Guide
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Perform substation switching operation Assessment Guide - 2 - NSW DET 2009
A representative body of performance criteria demonstrated within the timeframes
typically expected of the discipline, work function and industrial environment. In
particular this must incorporate evidence that shows a candidate is able to:
Implement Occupational Health and Safety workplace procedures and practices
including the use of risk control measures as specified in the Performance Criteria
and Range Statement.
Apply sustainable energy principles and practices as specified in the Performance
Criteria and Range Statement
Demonstrate an understanding of the essential knowledge and associated skills as
described in this unit to such an extent that the learners performance outcome is
reported in accordance with the preferred approach; namely a percentile graded
result, where required by the regulated environment.
Demonstrate an appropriate level of skills enabling employment.
Conduct work observing the relevant Anti Discrimination legislation, regulations,
polices and workplace procedures.

To be deemed as competent in this Unit, the candidate must provide sufficient
evidence of being able to confidently and competently conduct HV switching within
an electrical substation. Where summative (or final) assessment is used it is to
include the application of the competency in the normal work environment or, at a
minimum, the application of the competency in a realistically simulated work
environment. In some circumstances, assessment in part or full can occur outside the
workplace. However, it must be in accordance with industry and regulatory policy.
(For more detail on assessment practices you are advised to refer to the Training
Package and the Evidence Guide for this Unit of Competence, especially where
longitudinal competency development and Profiling has been used).

This assessment guide covers all tasks and equipment included in the section of the
Unit: Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate
competency in this unit, as shown in the table below.

The minimum number of items
on which skill is to be
demonstrated.
Item List
All of the following: Approvals/clearances
Access permits
All of the following: Operating sticks
Operating earths
Voltage detectors
Phasing equipment
Ground equipment isolating handles and earths
Any one of the following: Links
Air break switches
Fuses
Any two of the following: Reclosers
Ring main units
Circuit breakers
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