This document provides grammar lessons on using past tense verbs to form statements, questions, and negatives in Spanish. It covers the forms and uses of regular past tense verbs with subjects like "I/you/we/they was/were" and "he/she/it was" as well as questions beginning with "was/were". Examples are given like "Diana was at home yesterday" and practice questions like "Where were you last night?". Vocabulary words related to cooking, baking, and meals are also defined.
This document provides grammar lessons on using past tense verbs to form statements, questions, and negatives in Spanish. It covers the forms and uses of regular past tense verbs with subjects like "I/you/we/they was/were" and "he/she/it was" as well as questions beginning with "was/were". Examples are given like "Diana was at home yesterday" and practice questions like "Where were you last night?". Vocabulary words related to cooking, baking, and meals are also defined.
This document provides grammar lessons on using past tense verbs to form statements, questions, and negatives in Spanish. It covers the forms and uses of regular past tense verbs with subjects like "I/you/we/they was/were" and "he/she/it was" as well as questions beginning with "was/were". Examples are given like "Diana was at home yesterday" and practice questions like "Where were you last night?". Vocabulary words related to cooking, baking, and meals are also defined.
USE: To connect the subject with the rest of the sentence and talk about the past. AFFIRMATIVE
FORM: [SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + REST] I/She/He/It was in the kitchen. You/We/They were late. NEGATIVE
FORM: [SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + NOT + REST] WASN'T/WEREN'T I/She/He/It was not angry. I/She/He/It wasn't here.
You/We/They were not early. You/We/They weren't on time.
EXAMPLES: "Diana was at home yesterday." "She wasn't at school." "They were late to work." "They weren't early."
PRACTICE 1. I ____________sick yesterday. I didn't go to school.
2. - How was the movie?
- Wow! It ____________ great!
3. - Did you go to the party last night?
- Yes, I did. Stan ___________ there, too.
4. - Hi. I just got back from Switzerland.
- How was the weather?
- It ____________ cold.
5. - Did you go to the Fireflash concert last night?
- Yes, I did. They __________ great!
6. - Why didn't you eat your vegetables?
- I didn't like them. They ___________ fresh.
7. - Mr. Swenson fell off his bike.
- Oh, no!
- He's OK. He _____________ hurt.
8. - Did you repair the radio?
- No. It _____________broken. It needed new batteries.
9. - Who carried the computers for you?
- I did. They ________________ very heavy.
10. - Did you read that book by Bonnie Swinburne?
- Yes, but it ___________ very funny.
- Of course not. Mysteries aren't usually funny.
- Why not? They can be interesting and funny, too.
LECCION 5 QUESTIONS (GRAMMAR) BE PAST: QUESTIONS
YES/NO QUESTIONS
USE: To ask questions that need an answer of "yes" or "no". FORM: The subject and the verb change places. Affirmative: They were at home. Yes/No Question: Were they at home? Negative: He wasn't at school. Yes/No Question: Wasn't he at school?(Always use contractions.)
Answers: Yes, I was. No, I wasn't.
WH-QUESTIONS
USE: To ask questions that begin with these question words:WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, WHO, WHY, HOW. FORM: Questions about the SUBJECT: [WH-WORD + BE PAST + REST OF SENTENCE] Affirmative: Juan was at home. Wh-Question: Who was at home? Questions about the REST OF THE SENTENCE: [WH-WORD + BE PAST + SUBJECT + REST OF SENTENCE] Affirmative: He was in Philadelphia. Wh-Question: Where was he? Affirmative: He was there in 1990. Wh-Question: When was he there? EXAMPLES: Police: "Where were you last nightat 9:30?" Man: "I was at home all night." Police: "Was Big Bob with you?" Man: "No, he wasn't. I was alone."
Questions - Where were you and Susan last night? - Oh, we were out. - Were you at the new French resturant? - No, we weren't. Susan was at night school and I was at the office. PRACTICE 1. - __________________ at the meeting this morning?
- Yes, I was.
- I didn't see you.
2. - I went to Alaska on a business trip last month.
- Yes, it was. There were thousands of people there.
4. - When did you come home last night?
- At 3:30 a.m. _______________________ worried about me?
5. - My aunt is traveling around the world.
- ______________________________last month?
- Yes, she was. But now she's fine.
6. - _____________________that noise in the street?
- I don't know. Let's find out.
7. - I found my notebook.
- _____________________________________________
- It was under the desk.
8. - Did you see the Sherlock Holmes movie on TV?
- No, I didn't.__________________________ it on?
- At 10:30 last night.
9. - Did you find the children?
- Yes, I did.
- _____________________ they?
- In the garage with their cousin.
10. - Boris left his job.
-________________________________the reason?
- He didn't like his boss.
VOCABULARY Buy verb to pay money and get something I buy food in the supermarket. Closed adjective not doing business I went to the store but it was closed
Delivery noun bringing products to a place Delivery is in 10 days.
department store noun shop divided into different sections, each selling different products We can buy clothes and furniture in the department store.
gift shopnoun store selling things that people like to give and get as presents
I bought her a present at the gift shop.
good business expression
business that makes a lot of money That dress store is a good business - there are always customers in there.
Order verb to ask for a product to be made for you or delivered to you (also a noun)
You can order a new dress from the store.
Pay verb to give money and get something
I paid $500 for those shoes.
save money expression
to keep money and not use it Buy your clothes on sale and save money
store manager noun person in charge of a shop
I want to speak to the store manager about the TV I bought. UNIDAD 2 HEALTHY EATING LECCION 4: Non Count and Quantifiers
NOUNS AND QUANTIFIERS: NON-COUNT NOUNS and QUANTIFIERS
USE: Quantifiers are words or phrases which show the number or amount of an object. Some quantifiers are used with both count and non-count nouns. Some other quantifiers are used only with either non-count nouns or count nouns, but not with both. REMEMBER: Non-count nouns take only the singular form of the verb! some (statements): "There is some water in your glass." any (questions and negative sentences):
"Is there any money in the handbag?" "There isn't any time left." a lot of "There is a lot of butter on your bread." much
"I haven't got much money." "How much milk do you want?" a little "I only want a little juice."
Non-Count and Quantifiers - How much sugar do you want in your coffee? - Not much, just a little. - What about milk? - Oh, lots of milk please. PRACTICE 1. Our Russian classes are very small. There isn't _________________ interest in Russian this year.
2. - May I have some tea?
- Sorry, _____________________________________
3. Tom ate ______________ bread and cheese and drank a big glass of milk for lunch.
4. Sarah wants to buy a new coat, but she _______________________________ money to spend.
5. Bill doesn't usually get ____________________ mail, but yesterday he received three letters, four bills, and a magazine.
6. How _______________________ sugar do you want in your tea?
7. Bill has to do __________________________________ homework, then he's going to a friend's house.
8. I don't have __________________________ money. Can you pay for my lunch?
9. I took a lot of pictures at the party last night. Now I need to buy _______________________ more film for my camera.
10. There was _________________________ food at the party, but there wasn't any beer.
LECCION 5: Count and Quantifiers NOUNS AND QUANTIFIERS: COUNT NOUNS and QUANTIFIERS
USE: Quantifiers are words or phrases which show the number or amount of an object. Some quantifiers are used with both count and non-count nouns. Some other quantifiers are used only with either non-count nouns or count nouns, but not with both. some (statements): "There are some books on the shelf." any (questions and negative sentences):
"Are there any girls in your class?" "There aren't any onions in the salad." a lot of "There are a lot of red apples." many
"I haven't got many friends." "How many chairs are in that classroom?" a few "He has a few books."
EXAMPLE: "Are there any small nails down there, Harry?" "Sorry, there aren't any, but I have some big nails. Is that OK?"
PRACTICE 1. There __________________________ people at the game; it was too cold. 2. Nancy bought her CD player last week. She only has _____________________________ CDs. 3. I saw _______________________________ nice sweaters at the store, but they were very expensive. 4. - Can I talk to you, Mrs. Davis? I have ________________________________ questions about our history assignment. - Of course, David. What do you want to know? 5. The weather is nice, so there __________________________________ children in the park today. 6. The boss has to make _________________________ phone calls, but she can meet with you in an hour. 7. This is a busy street. There are ________________________________ accidents here. 8. My grandmother is very interesting. She tells ___________________________ great stories. 9. I really enjoy Shakespeare's plays. We read _________________________ of them in school last year. 10. - ______________________________ Mick Starlight CDs do you have? - Oh, I have about five or six.
VOCABULARY Bake verb
to make bread, cakes, etc. using an oven I baked a chocolate cake in my new oven.
Cook verb
to prepare food and heat it so it's ready to eat Cook the chicken until it is brown on the outside and white inside.
Cookbook noun
a book that tells you how to cook and bake She made some great meals from her new cookbook.
Cup noun
a small round container with a handle for drinks Would you like a cup of coffee?
Dish noun
something you eat food from Please put the soup dishes on the table.
Freeze verb
to keep food longer by making it extremely cold You can freeze this food and eat it next week.
Fresh adjective
recently bought or made I have some fresh tomatoes from my garden. Meal noun
breakfast, lunch, dinner I don't always eat three meals a day.
Plate noun
something you eat food from The dinner plates are on the table.
Serve verb
to provide food and drink for someone I always serve salads with meals.
UNIDAD 3 GETTING HELP LECCION 1 GETTING HELP (LISTENING) Help Phil: Can you give me directions? I don't know which street I'm in. But I'm standing in front of a gift shop and a video shop. Uh-huh. Yes. Trenton Street to Leeds Road. And right, up Leeds Road. Then, a men's shop next to the cinema. Then what? Left? OK. Left at the men's shop?Wait a minute, I haven't got a pen. Excuse me. Have you got a pen? Teenager: Have you got a cigarette? Phil: Cigarette? No. No, I don't smoke. Sorry. Teenager: Well, I don't write, so I haven't got a pen. Sorry.
PRACTICE
TEST
LECCION 2 CLEAN HOUSE AGENCY (READING)
PRACTICE
TEST
LECCION 4 STATEMENT (GRAMMAR)
PRESENT SIMPLE: STATEMENTS
USE: To talk about actions, states or events which happen at any time, repeatedly, or all the time. AFFIRMATIVE
FORM: Verbs take an -s ending in third person singular. [SUBJECT + VERB(s) + REST OF SENTENCE] I/You/We/They work in a bank. He/She/It has brown eyes. SPELLING
Verbs ending in ss, sh, ch, x, o take -esin third person singular: kisses,matches, goes, watches For verbs ending in consonant + y,drop the y and add -ies: carry/carries,try/tries, copy/copies NOTE: The Present Simple is often used with adverbs and adverb phrases: Always, Never, Often,Sometimes, Usually, Every day/week, On Sundays, Twice a month, year, etc. EXAMPLES: "I often go to basketball games." "He never watches TV." "My brother goes to the health club twice a week." "I always have coffee for breakfast." NEGATIVE
FORM: [SUBJECT+ DO NOT/DON'T+ VERB+ REST OF SENTENCE]
I/You/We/They don't drive in the city. He/She/It doesn't have brown eyes.. EXAMPLE: "Bill calls Mary, but he doesn't call me."
PRACTICE 1. I want to be a famous actress. I want to ______________________ a lot of money!
2. - Hi, Cindy. Do you want to go shopping after school? - I don't have any cash.
- That's OK. I always ________________________ with a credit card. You can pay me later.
3. The Toronto Blue Jays are a great baseball team. They always __________________________ a lot of games.
4. - Hey! The dog is in the house.
- Oh, no! Take him out. He always __________________________________ everything!
5. - I like Jenny's hair. It's always so pretty.
- Well, she ________________________ it every two hours!
6. - Where's Chris tonight?
- He's at the health club. He __________________________ there every Tuesday.
7. - Why isn't Louis at the party?
- He ________________________ dance.
8. I need to diet! I eat a lot, and I __________________________________________________________________ .
9. - This is so boring! What time is it?
- It's 10:00. The meeting __________________________________________ until 12:00!
10. - How's the new secretary? - She's nice, but she ________________________________ very well. EST
USE: To ask questions about actions in general time that need an answer of "yes" or "no". FORM: Put DO or DOES in front of the subject. [DO/DOES + SUBJECT + VERB + REST] Does he/she/it like milk? Do I know him? AFFIRMATIVE: She likes milk. YES/NO QUESTION: Does she like milk? ANSWERS
USE: To answer a yes/no question. FORM: [YES, SUBJECT + DO/DOES] Yes, I/you/we/they do. Yes, he/she/it does. [NO, SUBJECT + DON'T/DOESN'T] No, I/you/we/they don't. No, he/she/it doesn't. EXAMPLES: "Do you work on Saturdays?" "Yes, I do." "Does he work on Saturdays?" "No, he doesn't."
- Hey, Charlie. Do you like my dog Brutus? - Er, yes, I do. Does he bite? - No, he doesn't... not usually. Practice
TEST
LECCION 6 WH QUESTIONS (GRAMMAR)
- Where do you buy your clothes? - Why do you want to know? Do I look good?
PRESENT SIMPLE: Wh Questions
USE: To ask questions about actions in general time that begin with these questions words: WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, WHO, WHY, HOW. FORM: Questions about the SUBJECT: [WHO-WHAT + VERB + REST] Who lives here? Questions about the REST OF THE SENTENCE: [WH-WORD + DO/DOES... VERB...] When do you go home? Where does he live?
EXAMPLES: "Who lives in that house?" "The Porters." "What does Jack want to do?" "Go to the movies. "Where do they work?" "At the bank."
PRACTICE
TEST
LECCION 7 VOCABULARY give directions expression
to tell someone how to get somewhere Can you give me directions to the hospital?
in front of preposition
further forwards than something else The parking lot is in front of the office.
left at adverb
toward or on the left Turn left at the supermarket.
Map noun
a drawing that shows the places of countries, rivers, cities, streets, etc. Let's look at the map to see where to go.
Near preposition
close to someone or something Let's walk to the school. It's near here.
next to preposition
side by side The restaurant is next to a department store. Opposite preposition
on the other side of an area, person or object The school is opposite the supermarket
right at adverb
toward or on the right Go right at Prince Street.
Street noun
road in town or city with buildings on it What street do you live on? Turn verb
move in a certain direction I turned right at the gift shop. PRACTICE
TEST
UNIDAD 4 SPORT LECCION 1 SPORT (LISTENING) Good evening. This is Jack Hill, and here is today's sports!
First, baseball. Toronto is in first place. Sam Wilson says that his team is going to win the championship this year. But, he says that every year.
In soccer, Bill Brown had the best game of his career. The Tour de France bicycle race started yesterday in Paris at 3 o'clock. Last year, Jacques Chardin won for France. Can he do it again? I don't know ...
In California, the Children's Olympics started yesterday. Good luck to all the 600 boys and girls.
And, finally, tennis.
Tonight is the big tennis game between rock star Maxi and the famous actor, Peter Anson. This is Jack Hill, and that was the sports.
PRACTICE
TEST
LECCION 2 People Are Crazy About Sports (READING)
People Are Crazy About Sports by Stan Bruer Why do people love to watch sports? Professor Len Sanders of Georgetown University asks this question in his study on, "People andSports." "We can understand why people like to play sports. It's goodexercise and a lot of fun," says Professor Sanders. "But why do millions of people pay so much money to watch other people play?" Sports is good business. A winning team can make millions of dollars. A good athlete or player can make a very large salary. For example, at the Wimbledon Tennis Championships, the winner can make more than $500,000. Shawn Bradley is a basketball player for the Philadelphia '76ers. Hemakes one of the highest salaries in basketball. He earns about four million dollars every year. Sports fans, the people who watch sports, often pay a lot of money for tickets to a game. The Giants Football Stadium in New Jersey can hold 76,891 people. Fans get very excited when their team wins. Professor Sanders now has the answer to his question: "People love the excitement of a good game." PRACTICE
TEST
LECCION 4: EQUALITY (GRAMMAR)
- Wow! Mick Starlight's car is as long as that bus.
COMPARISON: EQUALITY
USE: To compare two persons or things that are alike. FORM: AFFIRMATIVE: [AS + ADJECTIVE + AS] Bob is as tall as Marty. NEGATIVE: [NOT AS + ADJECTIVE + AS] Her hair is not as long as mine. PRACTICE
TEST
LECCION 6 COMPARATIVES (GRAMMAR)
- Samurai Sam is winning. He's stronger than Viking Vick. - Yes, and he's more popular, too. COMPARISON: COMPARATIVES
USE: To compare one or more people/things to other people/things.
FORM: [COMPARATIVE FORM OF ADJECTIVE + THAN]
John is older than Bart. Betty is more beautiful than Barbara. Most adjectives take -er: long/longer, old/older, tall/taller Adjectives ending in -e take -r: nice/nicer, late/later Adjectives ending in vowel + consonant double the consonant: fat/fatter, big/bigger, hot/hotter With adjectives ending in y, drop the y; add -ier: happy/happier, easy/easier With most two-syllable adjectives and longer adjectives form the comparative with more:
intelligent - more intelligent beautiful - more beautiful The adjectives "good" and "bad" have anirregular comparative form:
good - better bad - worse EXAMPLES: Todd: "Samurai Sam is winning. He's stronger than Viking Vick." Ron: "Yes, and he's more popular, too!"
PRACTICE
TEST
LECCION 7 SUPERLATIVES (GRAMMAR)
- Come to Mad Mo's. We have the cheapest, the biggest, the mostterrific store in New York! We are the best!
COMPARISON: SUPERLATIVES
USE: To compare one or more person or thing with a whole group.
FORM: [THE + SUPERLATIVE FORM OF ADJECTIVE]
John is the tallest boy in the class. They are the most beautiful shoes in the store. Most adjectives take -est: long/longest, old/oldest Adjectives ending in -e take -st: nice/nicest, late/latest Adjectives ending in a vowel + consonant double the consonant:fat/fattest, big/biggest, hot/hottest With adjectives ending in y, drop the y; add - iest: happy/happiest, easy/easiest With most two-syllable adjectives and longer adjectives form the superlative with most:
honest - most honest beautiful - most beautiful The adjectives "good" and "bad" have an irregular superlative form:
good - best bad - worst EXAMPLES: "Come to Mad Mo's. We have the cheapest, the biggest, the most terrific store in New York! We are the best!" PRACTICE
TEST
LECCION 8 VOCABULARY Athlete noun
a person who is good at sports He is a professional athlete.
Basketball noun
a game with two teams of five players who get points by throwing a ball through a net Do you want to play basketball? Bicycle noun
a machine with two wheels that you move by pushing pedals with your feet I ride my bicycle to work. Championship noun
a competition to find the best player or team The team is playing in the championship again this year. Exercise noun
physical activity to stay healthy (also a verb) Swimming is very good exercise.
Game noun
sports with teams or players competing against each other Let's play a game of tennis. Player noun
person who plays a sports game He's a good tennis player Race noun
a competition to find the fastest person to do something (also a verb) She won the race.
Stadium noun
a large building where people watch sports The game is at the stadium in the center of town.
Win verb
to get more points or be the best at a game Our team wins every game. PRACTICE
TEST
UNIDAD 5 ENJOY YOUR MEAL LECCION 1 RESTAURANTN (LISTENING) Restaurant Nick: Ladies, your Coke and your coffee. Amy: Do you have any sweetener? Nick: Sure. Here's some. Katie: How are the hamburgers here? They're not very good? Hmm. How about some pizza? Nick: I'm sorry, we don't have any pizza. But our lasagna is excellent. Katie: OK. Sure. Amy: I'd like a salad, please. Nick: OK. Which one? Amy: Are there tomatoes in the house salad? Nick: Yes, there are. Amy: Let me see. No, bring me the taco salad. Nick: How about some chili with that? Amy: No, only the salad.
TEST
LECCION 2 Sale at Shopright
TEST
LECCION 3 GOOD TO SEE YOU(SPEAKING)
Good to See You - Pam! It's good to see you. - Great to see you too, Paul. - Look, do you have time for lunch? - Aww... sorry. I can't. I'm in a hurry right now. - Then how about a quick cup of coffee? Just 15 minutes, OK? - 15 minutes? Okay, sure. I'd love to.
LECCION 4: Count and Non-Count
- We can't make the cake, Susan. There is some sugar and flour but there aren't any eggs. - Aww...
NOUNS and QUANTIFIERS: COUNT/NON-COUNT NOUNS
USE: Quantifiers are words or phrases which show the number or amount of some object. Some quantifiers are used with both count and non-count nouns. Some other quantifiers are only used with count or non-count nouns, but not with both.
USED WITH BOTH COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS:
some (statements):
"There are some books on the shelf." (COUNT) "There is some fruit on the table." (NON-COUNT) any (questions and negative sentences):
"Are there any girls in your class?" (COUNT) "There aren't any onions in the salad." (COUNT)
"Is there any butter?" (NON-COUNT) "There isn't any homework today." (NON-COUNT) a lot of
"There are a lot of red apples." (COUNT) "There is a lot of noise in here." (NON-COUNT) USED WITH COUNT NOUNS ONLY: many
"I haven't got many friends." "How many chairs are in that classroom?" a few "He has a few books." USED WITH NON-COUNT NOUNS ONLY: much
"I haven't got much time." "How much milk do you want?" a little "I only want a little juice." PRACTICE
TEST
LECCION 5 NUTRITION
Diet noun
food you eat, often to lose weight She's on a diet because she wants to lose 10 pounds.
eat light expression
to eat foods which don't make you fat Eat light and be healthy.
Energy noun
physical power to do things I have a lot of energy in the morning, but I am tired in the evening.
fat-free adjective
food without fat in it Would you like some fat-free yogurt? Healthy adjective
good for your body Fruits and vegetables are healthy foods. lose weight expression
to become thinner She lost weight and now she looks great!
low-fat adjective
without much fat in it This cheese is low-fat. Salad noun
a combination of raw vegetables or fruit Would you like a salad with your steak?
salt-free adjective
food without salt in it This food is salt-free.
Sweetener noun
an artificial sugar you can add to food or drinks to make it taste sweet He takes sweetener in his coffee.
PRACTICE
TEST
UNIDAD 6 Interesting People LECCION 1: Interview (LISTENING) Sandra: Welcome to "Meet the People." I'm Sandra Waters. My guest today is Larry Patel. Larry is an inventor. His newest invention is the "whistling wallet." Good evening, Larry. Larry: Good evening, Sandra. Sandra: Larry, what is a "whistling wallet"? Larry: Well, it's a special wallet with a small battery inside. If you sing near it, the wallet whistles. People often lose their wallets in their homes. Now they can easily find them. Sandra: Do you need to sing a special song? Larry: No. Any song is OK. Sandra: Oh, great! It's easier to sing than to look all over the house. Where can I buy the wallet? Larry: Well, I still have to work on it. I gave wallets to some of my friends. Now two of them are angry at me. They went to a rock concert, and their wallets made noise all the time. The people around them were very angry. PRACTICE
TEST
LECCION 2 DO IT! (READING) Do It I always remember my mother saying, "Wake up. Clean your room. Don't eat candy. Hurry up. Do your homework. Be good. Don't run. Sit down. Stand up. Do this. Do that." I always thought, "Hmm, I like that job." Five years ago, I started the Clean-House Agency. I put an ad in the newspaper. I answered all the telephone calls and letters, and startedmy business. I told all the new workers, "Be quick, and be clean." I showed them how to clean homes and offices. First, we all worked together. Now, they usually work alone. Last night I showed my daughter how to make a cake. "First, take four eggs from the refrigerator and some sugar from the cupboard. Then, open the box ... " Suddenly I had a wonderful idea: cookbooks! I'm starting a newbusiness! With my cookbooks, I can tell hundreds of people what to do! PRACTICE
TEST
LECCION 3 MOVIE STAR (SPEAKING)
Movie Star - Isn't that Robert Richman, the movie star? - Yes, you're right. I think he's the greatest. - The greatest? He's the worst actor I know. - What? But he won an Oscar for best actor last year. - Yeah? Well, to me he's terrible. - Well, I like him.
LECCION 4: REGULAR VERBS (GRAMMAR)
- We didn't work yesterday. We played tennis all day. Don't tell the boss! PAST SIMPLE: STATEMENTS
USE: To talk about past events and actions.
AFFIRMATIVE
FORM: Regular verbs in the Past Simple end in -ed. [SUBJECT + VERB+ed + REST]
EXAMPLES:
"Joe walked home alone last night." "We played football last week." SPELLING
Verbs ending in -e, take only -d: live/ lived.
With verbs ending in consonant+y, change the y to i:
carry / carried try/ tried NOTE: Past Simple is often used with adverbs: Yesterday, Last week/month/year, A... ago. NEGATIVE
FORM: Put did not (didn't) in front of the verb. [SUBJECT+ DID NOT+ VERB+ REST OF SENTENCE]
/DIDN'T They did not call me last week. Ruth didn't study last night. EXAMPLES: "He didn't work at all last week." "I didn't like the movie last night." PRACTICE
TEST
LECCION 6 IRREGULAR VERBS (GRAMMAR)
- Hey, Where did David go? - Oh, he left early because he had a headache and he gave me all his work!
PAST SIMPLE: IRREGULAR VERBS
FORM: Some verbs have irregular forms in the Past Simple.You will have to learn them by heart.
Here is a list of some of the most frequent verbs:
come - came put - put do - did read - read drink - drank say - said eat - ate sell - sold find - found sit - sat get - got sleep - slept drive - drove speak - spoke go - went take - took have - had tell - told hear - heard think - thought know - knew understand - understood leave - left wear - wore make - made write - wrote meet - met
PRACTICE
TEST
LECCION 7 QUESTIONS
- Did you ask the boss about money? - Yes, I did. - Well, what did she say? - She said no.
PAST SIMPLE: QUESTIONS YES/NO QUESTIONS
USE: To ask questions about past actions/events that need an answer of "yes" or "no".
FORM: Put DID / DIDN'T in front of the subject. [DID / DIDN'T + SUBJECT + VERB + REST]
Did you walk yesterday? Didn't they buy the book last week? WH-QUESTIONS
USE: To ask questions about the past that begin with these question words: WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, WHO, WHY, HOW.
FORM: Questions about the SUBJECT: [WHO/WHAT + PAST VERB + REST] Who told him? What made that noise? Questions about the REST OF THE SENTENCE: [WH-WORD + DID + VERB...] When did you leave school? Where did they buy that? EXAMPLES: John: "Did you ask the boss about money?" Rose: "Yes, I did." John: "Well, what did she say?" Rose: "She said no." PRACTICE
TEST
LECCION 8 ADJECTIVES (VOCABULARY) Alone adjective
without anyone with you I did it alone because nobody wanted to help me.
Angry adjective
very annoyed Mom was angry because I came home late
Best adjective
the most excellent The food here is very good, it's the best restaurant in town. Easy adjective
not difficult This puzzle is easy, I did it in two minutes. Pretty adjective
nice-looking What a pretty dress!
Quick adjective
happening in a short time I have time for a quick cup of coffee.
Special adjective
different from usual I made a special cake for your birthday.
Strong adjective
not easily broken or damaged These plates are very strong. Wonderful adjective
extremely good I just went for a long walk on the beach and I feel wonderful. Worst adjective
the most terrible This is the worst day of my life!
PRACTICE
TEST
Unidad 7 Family Live Leccin 1: Breakfast (Listening) Breakfast Tom: Morning. Diana: Morning. Are you going to the office or the factory today? Tom: I usually go to the factory on Tuesday, but I have some big meetings at the office. I don't have time to go to Brooklyn.How's this tie? It's OK, isn't it? Diana: It's fine, dear. By the way, what's the time? Tom: I don't know; I don't have my watch on. About seven, maybe. Diana: Uh-oh, I'm late. Tom: You're beautiful! Practice
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Leccin 2 : The Family Picnic(reading) The Family Picnic Does your family have family reunions? Once a year, all my relatives meet for a family picnic. We always meet in a park; aunts, uncles, and cousins, young and old. We talk, eat, and have lots of fun. Last year, Uncle Seymour and Aunt Flo had a big fight. I still remember it: "Seymour, where were you last night? You went to the basketball game, didn't you?" "Where was I, Flo? Where were you? I phoned home, and no one answered." "You phoned? I was at home all night!" Then someone started the food fight. It was so funny! There waspotato salad everywhere. Everyone laughed, even Uncle Seymourand Aunt Flo. Then we went swimming. I love to swim. We swam for a long time. Then my mother said, "We have to go home now." "But, Mom, can't I stay? Do I have to go home with you? Aunt Muriel lives near us. I can go home with her." Finally, she said yes. It was a wonderful picnic!
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Leccin 3 Cant I (speaking)
Can I? - Mom, can I go to see the trains? - No, Tommy. I don't want you out there alone. - Then is it OK if I play with that little boy? - Well, all right. But stay near the door where I can see you.
Leccion 4: Tag Questions (Grammar)
- You cut your own hair, don't you? - Yes, I do. It looks nice, doesn't it?
USE: To ask a yes/no question when a certain answer is already expected.
FORM: Add a short, two-word question-tag to the end of the statement.
If "yes" is expected: [AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE + DON'T/DOESN'T + SUBJECT] You drive, don't you? Carl paints, doesn't he? If "no" is expected: [NEGATIVE SENTENCE + DO/DOES + SUBJECT] You don't smoke, do you? Mary doesn't drive, does she? EXAMPLES: "You like coffee, don't you?" "Yes, I do." (Expect the answer to be "yes".)
"She doesn't work here, does she?" "No, she doesn't."(Expect the answer to be "no".)
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LECCION 5: CAN (GRAMMAR)
- Can you open it? - No, I can't. I can't open it. - Let's ask Butch. He can do it. MODALS and SEMI-MODALS: CAN
USE: The Modal CAN is used with verbs and adds a special meaning. Like most Modals, CAN has more than one meaning.
MEANING: "Joe can speak French." (ABILITY) "You can leave early." (PERMISSION) "It can be hot here." (POSSIBILITY)
FORM: Like other Modals, CAN goes before the verb and only has one form. AFFIRMATIVE [CAN + VERB] John can swim quickly. You can go to the movies with your friends.
NEGATIVE
[CAN + NOT + VERB] Diane can't swim. Beth cannot meet us tonight.
YES/NO QUESTIONS
[CAN + SUBJECT + VERB + REST OF SENTENCE] Can you help me? Can Ileave now?
Answers: Yes, you can. No, you cannot/can't.
WH-QUESTIONS [WH-WORD + CAN... VERB...] When can you help me?
EXAMPLES: Danny: "Can you open it?" Keith: "No, I can't. I can't open it." Danny: "Let's ask Butch. He can do it."
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LECCION 6 RELATIONSHIP (VOCABULARY)
Aunt noun
sister of your mother and father or the wife of your uncle My mother has three sisters so I have three aunts.
Cousin noun
a child of your uncle or aunt My aunt's children are my cousins.
family picnic expression
a meal you eat outside with people related to you We had a family picnic in the park.
Fight noun
an angry argument or disagreement (also a verb) The children had a fight today.
have fun expression
to enjoy doing something The children are having fun in the park.
phone home expression
to call your family on the telephone I phone home to speak to my mom every week. Relative noun
a person in your family All his relatives came to the wedding.
Reunin noun
a meeting with people after a long time We are having a class reunion after 10 years.
Uncle noun
the brother of your mother and father or the husband of your aunt My uncle visits us once a month.
young and old expression
children and adults The whole family is here, young and old. PRACTICE
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UNIDAD 8 BAD DAY LECCION 1 SEARCH (LISTENING)
Michael: Karen, what are you doing? Karen: I'm looking for the script. Michael, this is impossible. Your room is a mess! I don't know where to look. Michael: It was on the desk. Maybe it's there. Karen: The desk. Right. I've got your script. Here is your script. Michael: Thanks. Where was it? Karen: It was on the desk. Well, some of the pages were on the desk, some were on the chair, and some were on the floor, under the desk.
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Leccin 2: Grumble's Department Store (reading) Dear Susan, Hi! I have a summer job at Grumble's Department Store. I work on the fifth floor, in the women'sclothing department. The store is always crowded with a lot ofcustomers. I have to smile and say: "Can I help you?" I really want to say: "Go home!" I usually have to standall day, and I don't have any breaks. Ineed a vacation!
Tammy Practice
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Leccin 3: Don't Do That (speaking)
- Peterson, what are you doing? - Oh. Um. I'm writing a report. - Well, don't put your feet on the desk. - Yes, sir. Sorry. - And tomorrow don't wear jeans. Put on a suit. - A suit. Ah... sure. Leccion 4: Have to (Grammar)
- It's time for bed, Michael. - Aw, Mom. Do I have to go to bed now? - Yes, you do. It's late and you have to go to school tomorrow.
USE: The Semi-modal HAVE TO is used with verbs and adds a special meaning.
MEANING: "He has to leave early." (OBLIGATION).
FORM: Like other Modals and Semi-modals, HAVE TO goes before the verb. It has the same form as regular verbs. AFFIRMATIVE: [HAVE TO + VERB + REST] He has to leave early. They have to do their homework.
NEGATIVE:
[DO/DOES (NOT) + SEMI-MODAL + VERB + REST] The boys don't have to work today.
YES/NO QUESTIONS:
[DO/DOES(NOT) + SUBJECT + HAVE TO + VERB + REST] Do I have to leave now? Doesn't she have to study for her test?
Answers: Yes, I do. No, she doesn't.
WH-QUESTIONS: [WH-WORD + (DO/DOES + SUBJECT) + HAVE TO + VERB + REST] Who has to leave? When do you have to call your parents?
EXAMPLES: Mother: "It's time for bed, Michael." Rick: "Aw, Mom. Do I have to go to bed now?" Mother: "Yes, you do. It's late and you have to goto school tomorrow."
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LECCION 6 MAY (GRAMMAR)
- Mom, may I have a cookie? - OK, but only one. Your brother may want one, too.
USE: The Modal MAY is used with verbs and adds a special meaning. Like most Modals, MAY has more than one meaning.
MEANING:
"You may leave early."(PERMISSION) "They may buy a new house." (POSSIBILITY) FORM: Like other Modals, MAY goes before the verb and only has one form. AFFIRMATIVE [MAY + VERB] John may go with you. They may visit us later.
NEGATIVE
[MAY + NOT + VERB] You may not leave the table. We may not go to the party later.
YES/NO QUESTIONS
[MAY + SUBJECT + VERB + REST] May we leave now? May I help me?
Answers: Yes, you may. No, you may not.
WH-QUESTIONS [WH-WORD + MAY... VERB...] When may we leave?
EXAMPLES: Girl: "Mom, may I have a cookie?" Mother: "Okay, but only one. Your brother may want one, too."
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VOCABULARY Break noun
a short time when you stop what you are doing and have a rest I worked for eight hours without a break.
Desk noun
a table you sit at to write and work He sits at his desk to do his homework.
Factory noun
a building where workers and machines make products Three hundred people work in the clothing factory.
high salary expression
a lot of money you get for doing a job He works hard but he gets a high salary.
Meeting noun
when people get together to discuss things and make decisions I have a meeting at 10 o'clock. officenoun
a room with desks where people work for a company Four people work in this office. start a business expression
to begin an organization that buys or sells products or services I started a business from home.
Suit noun
a matching jacket and pants/skirt He wears a suit to work.
summer job noun
work during the summer vacation She has a summer job in an ice cream store. write a report expression
to type a document with a summary of a subject Please write a report of our meeting today.