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TM 1C Ch12e
TM 1C Ch12e
TM 1C Ch12e
12 Light Rays
Practice 12.1 (p. 117)
1 Luminous objects: the Sun, a light bulb and a (b)
television
Non-luminous objects: a book, a chair and a
desk
2 (a)
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C Waves Chapter 12 Light Rays
9 (a)&(b)
12 When the surface of the water is ruffled,
regular reflection of light cannot occur any
more. Instead, diffuse reflection occurs.
Parallel light is sent off irregularly in many
different directions. As a result, a distorted
image is produced.
13 Since the photograph is taken at right angle to
the mirror, the flash of light would be
10 (a) reflected back to the camera by the mirror
and bright light is shown on the photograph.
If the photograph is taken at an angle to the
mirror surface, much less light will be
reflected back to the camera and the
photograph will be much better.
14 A glossy paper which acts like a plane mirror
can regularly reflect light. The large amount
of light reflected by the glossy paper makes
us difficult to read the print on the paper.
15 (a) The distance setting of the camera that
(b) The image is same size as the object. the man should use
11 (a) The angle of incidence =3m+3m
= 90° – 30° =6m
= 60° (b) No. This is because the infra-red pulses
(b) from the auto-focus camera are reflected
by the mirror, which is in front of the
image to be photographed.
16 (a)
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C Waves Chapter 12 Light Rays
3 C
4 A
5 (a)
θ alcohol = 37.0°
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from water to air 12 When we see a fish above water surface, the
= 41.7° – 30° = 11.7° apparent depth of the fish is less than its real
10 depth. Therefore, the Indian should aim his
spear at a point below where the fish appears
to him.
13 When light rays from the girl enter water,
they bend towards the normal. The extended
rays of the refracted rays cross at a point
behind the girl. Therefore, to the fish, the girl
appears to be smaller and further away from
it.
By Snell’s law,
nair × sin θ air = nglass × sin θ glass
14 (a)
1 × sin 35° = 1.5 × sin θ glass
θ glass = 22.5°
The angles that the ray makes with the
normal at the air-glass interfaces are 22.5°,
22.5° and 35°.
11
By Snell’s law,
nair × sin θ air = nglass × sin θ glass
θ glass = 28.1°
The angles that ray A makes with the normal
at the air-glass interfaces are 28.1°, 28.1°, and
45°.
The angles that ray B makes with the normal (3) Total internal reflection only occurs in
at the air-glass interfaces are 0°, 0°, 0° and 0°. an optically denser medium. It does not
occur when light passes from an
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C Waves Chapter 12 Light Rays
optically less dense medium to an nair × sin θ air = nice × sin θ ice
optically denser medium, no matter how 1 × sin 45° = nice × sin 30°
large the angle of incidence is. nice = 1.414
2 B = 1.41
By Snell’s law, The refractive index of ice is 1.41.
nair × sin θ = nsolution × sin θ 1 1
air solution
(c) C = sin–1 = sin–1 = 45°
1 × sin 45° = nsolution × sin 30° n 1.414
nsolution = 1.414 The critical angle of ice is 45°.
1 8 (a) By Snell’s law,
C = sin–1
n sin i sin 60 °
nglass = =
1 sin r sin α
= sin–1 sin 60
1.414 α = sin−1 = 35.26° =
1 .5
= 45°
3 D
1 1 Since total internal reflection occurs at
4 C = sin–1 = sin–1 = 43.2°
n
1.46 side BC and γ = β = 54.7°, on side
The critical angle for a ray of light going CD, the angle of incidence
from oil into air is 43.2°. = 90° − 54.74° = 35.26°
1 By Snell’s law,
5 C = sin–1 = 45.0°
n nglass × sin θ glass = nair × sin θ air
The refractive index of the material is 1.41. Angles α , β , γ and δ are 35.3°,
6 54.7°, 54.7° and 60° respectively.
(b) The angle of emergence of the ray is
equal to the angle of incidence.
1 1
9 (a) C = sin–1 = sin–1 = 38.7°
n 1.60
The critical angle of the glass core is
38.7°.
(b) The minimum value of θ
7 (a) The angle between the reflected ray and = 90° – 38.7° = 51.3°
the refracted ray 10 Critical angle for diamond-air interface
= 45° + 90° + 30° = 165° 1 1
C = sin–1 = sin–1 = 24.4°
(b) By Snell’s law, n 2.42
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C Waves Chapter 12 Light Rays
(i) Magnification
image distance
=
object distance
30
= =2
15
(b) The ray diagram is wrong. The ray (ii) The image is real, inverted and
passing through the optical centre magnified.
should not change direction. (b)
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C Waves Chapter 12 Light Rays
image distance
=
object distance
40
= =1
40
(ii) The image is real, inverted and
same size.
(e)
(i) Magnification
image distance
=
object distance
15
= = 0.5
30
(ii) The image is real, inverted and
diminished.
(c)
(i) Magnification
image distance
=
object distance
30
= =3
10
(ii) The image is virtual, erect and
magnified.
(i) Magnification
image distance
=
object distance
(i) Magnification
8.5
= = 0.567
15
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C Waves Chapter 12 Light Rays
(i) Magnification
image distance
=
object distance
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C Waves Chapter 12 Light Rays
Revision exercise 12
Multiple-choice (p. 176)
Section A
1 A
2 D
3 A
4 D
5 (HKCEE 2003 Paper II Q16)
6 (HKCEE 2004 Paper II Q17)
7 (HKCEE 2005 Paper II Q10)
8 (HKCEE 2005 Paper II Q11)
9 (HKCEE 2005 Paper II Q12)
Section B
10 A
11 C
12 C
13 (HKCEE 2004 Paper II Q14)
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C Waves Chapter 12 Light Rays
1m 2m
C’ D
B C
A
As shown in the figure above, ∆ OAB Rose
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C Waves Chapter 12 Light Rays
(1A)
4 (a)
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C Waves Chapter 12 Light Rays
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 120 Oxford University Press 2006
C Waves Chapter 12 Light Rays
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C Waves Chapter 12 Light Rays
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C Waves Chapter 12 Light Rays
ground
its curved edge towards its centre. (1A) glass
Slowly increase the angle of incidence to an
light from an
until the angle of refraction is 90° and object in a observer
room outside the
the refracted ray just manages to leave room
the glass surface. (1A)
At this moment, the angle of incidence
is equal to the critical angle C. (1A)
They would be refracted into the glass
(For effective communication.) (1C)
and eventually leave the glass and reach
16 (a) (i) Reflection occurs at X. (1A)
an observer outside the room (at
(ii) Refraction and (1A)
different angles). (1A)
internal reflection occur at Y. (1A)
Since the refracted light rays leave the
(b) (i) Total internal reflection is
glass in an irregular pattern, the image
involved in using a prism as a
formed is blurred. (1A)
‘mirror’. (1A)
Similarly, some light from the outside
can pass through the glass and reach the
(ii)
room. (1A)
(For effective communication.) (1C)
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C Waves Chapter 12 Light Rays
New Physics at Work (Second Edition) 124 Oxford University Press 2006