TORSIONAL VIBRATION ANALYSIS - BASICS

Pranabesh De Choudhury, Ph.D.

Pran RDA Consulting Inc.
Greensburg, PA 15601



OUTLINE

Basic Concepts
Torsional Analysis Procedure and Purpose
Simple Torsional Systems
Single Inertia
Two Inertias
Three Inertias
Holzer Method Method for the analysis of multi-
inertia lumped-parameter systems. Applicable for
free and forced vibrations, systems with or without
damping.
Geared Systems

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OUTLINE (Continued)

Torsional Modeling
Commonly Used Formulae For Torsional
Modeling
Shaft Inertia Distribution
Shaft Penetration Effect
Effect of Fillet Radius
Torsional Stress Calculations
Sample Output Torsional Critical Speed Analysis
Typical Mode Shape Plots Using Excel
Comparison of Calculated Torsional Natural
Frequencies with Test Data
References

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BASIC CONCEPTS

Torsional vibration is a periodic motion of elastic shafts with circular
rotors (compressor impellers, turbine discs etc.) rigidly attached to the
shafts.
Torsional vibrations are controlled by the polar moments of inertias of
attached rotors to the shafts and the torsional stiffness between the
attached rotors.
Number of oscillations per unit of time is defined as the torsional
natural frequencies.
Torsional vibrations are caused by various types of torsional
excitations, e.g., gear imperfections, motor air gap torque during start
up and short circuit, fluctuating torques in rotating machinery e.g.,
compressors and turbines.

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TORSIONAL ANALYSIS PROCEDURE AND PURPOSE

Holzer method is widely used for accurate torsional critical
speed analysis of turbo-machinery systems.
The method is also used for steady state torsional response
analysis around a torsional natural frequency having
insufficient margin from any exciting frequency.
Stress analysis is conducted from the results obtained from
steady state response analysis to assure adequate design of
torsional system.
To perform a torsional analysis requires accurate modeling of
torsional system.
Determination of torsional critical speeds is necessary to
assure adequate margins from exciting frequencies to avoid
potential torsional vibration problems. The required margins
are to be obtained to satisfy API 617 specifications.

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SINGLE INERTIA SYSTEM




J IS THE INERTIA (LB-IN-SEC2)
K IS THE TORSIONAL STIFFNESS (LB-IN/RAD)

EQUATION OF MOTION

J + K =0 (NO DAMPING)
SET =
0
COS t
SOLUTION -
2
J
0
+ K
0
= 0
= K/J RAD./SEC.
IS THE TORSIONAL NATURAL FREQUENCY

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K
J
TWO INERTIA SYSTEM

EQUATIONS OF MOTION:

J
1

1
+ K (
1
-
2
) = 0
J
2

2
+ K (
2
-
1
) = 0
LET
1
=
01
e
jt
AND
2
=
02
e
jt

CHARACTERISTICS (K-
2
J
1
)
01
K
02
= 0
EQUATIONS - K
01
+ (K-
2
J
2
)
02
= 0
RESONANCE OCCURS WHEN THE SYSTEM DET = 0
DET = K -
2
J
1
-K = 0
-K K -
2
J
2

SOULTION = K(J
1
+ J
2
)/(J
1
+J
2
) RAD./SEC.

EXAMPLE PROBLEM (TURBINE COMPRESSOR)
J
1
= 138.4824 LB.IN.SEC
2
J
2
=26.50472 LB.IN.SEC
2
K = 3.8*10E6 LB.IN./RAD
CALCULATED TORSIONAL CRITICAL SPEED = 3944 CPM
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K
J
2
J
1


THREE INERTIA SYSTEM

J
1

1
+ K
1
(
1
-
2
) = 0
J
2

2
+ K
1
(
2
-
1
) + K
2
(
2
-
3
) = 0
J
3

3
+ K
2
(
3
-
2
) = 0
NOW WE HAVE A 3 x 3 SYSTEM DETERMINANT. THE SOLUTION IS OF THE FORM: a
4
+ b
2
+
c = 0
SOLUTION :
2
= [ -b +/- (b2 4 ac)] / 2a
WHERE a = 1, b = - K
1
/J
1
- K
2
/J
2
- (K
1
+ K
2
)/J
2

c =(K
1
K
2
)/(J
1
J
2
J
3
)*(J
1
+J
2
+J
3
)
NOTICE THAT TWO VALUES OF EXIST. THE FIRST CRITICAL SPEED AND THE SECOND.

EXAMPLE PROBLEM (TURBINE COUPLING - COMPRESSOR)
J
1
= 138.2064 LB.IN.SEC
2
J
2
=2.551244 LB.IN.SEC
2
J
3
=25.22953 LB.IN.SEC
2

K
1
= 7.35*10E6 LB.IN./RAD K
2
= 7.67*10E6 LB.IN./RAD
CALCULATED FIRST TORSIONAL CRITICAL SPEED = 3975 CPM
CALCULATED SECOND TORSIONAL CRITICAL SPEED = 23530 CPM.
One can thus estimate torsional natural frequencies using these equations quickly. However to
get accurate answers, different methods will be required.
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K
1
J
3
J
1

J
2
K
2

N INERTIA SYSTEM (Holzer Method)

If the system considered, has N disks and Is a natural frequency then the
sum of inertia torques given below must go to zero
N
J
i

i

2
=0

i=1
If the system considered has N disks and N-1 shafts then the angular
displacements are given by
j-1

j
=
i-1
-
2
/ K
(j-1)
J
i

i

2
j= 2,3,.. N
i=1

ITERATIVE PROCEDURE IS FOLLOWED, ASSUMING DIFFERENT VALUES.

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J
1
J
2
J
3
J
4
J
5
J
6
J
N
K
1
K
2
K
3
K
5
K
N

GEARED SYSTEM






MODELING PROCESS REQUIRES THE FOLLOWING

System Description
Shaft Material Properties
Shaft Diameters and Section Lengths
Lumped Wr2 Values
Associated Damping
Gear Ratio(s) If used in the System
Coupling Data
Driver/Motor Data
Driven Machine Data
Gear Data




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COMMONLY USED FORMULAE
FOR TORSIONAL MODELING







SHAFT INERTIA DISTRIBUTION


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J
1
J
2

J
3

J
4

J
1
+J
2


J
3
+ J
4

K
SHAFT
K
SHAFT
NO SHAFT INERTIA

SHAFT PENETRATION EFFECT





























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1/3 L 2/3 L
L


EFFECT OF FILLET RADIUS ON TORSIONAL
STIFFNESS
























D
1
= 10.0 r/R
1
= 0.1
R
1
= 5.0 D
2
/D
1
= 1.5
D
2
= 15.0 L / D
1
= 0.067
r= 0.5 L = 0.67
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Effect of Corner Fillet Radius on Torsional Stiffness
r/R1=0.0
r/R1=0.1
r/R1=0.2
r/R1=0.3
r/R1=0.4
r/R1=0.5
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
D2/D1
E
q
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t

L
e
n
g
t
h

o
f

J
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
/
D
i
a
.

o
f

S
m
a
l
l
e
r

S
h
a
f
t
D2
D1
r


TORSIONAL STRESS CALCULATIONS

Unidirectional Stress is:
R = (63025 x Hpt / RPM) x (Do/2)
(Do
4
Di
4
)/32
Where Hpt is the transmitted power
Alternating Stress is:
P = (63025 x Hpr x Ap x Pct/RPM) x (Do/2)
(Do
4
Di
4
)/32
Hpr = Rated Power, Ap = Amplification factor
Pct = Per cent of Rated Torque
Allowable Vibratory Stress is:
A = f (u , R , YP , Kts, C)
Where: u = Ultimate minimum tensile strength of shaft material
Kts = Stress concentration factor
C= Number of stress cycles
R = Unidirectional stress
YP = Yield point of the shaft end material in tension
Safety Factor = A / P


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SAMPLE OUTPUT - TORSIONAL CRITICAL SPEED ANALYSIS

Copyr i ght PRAN RDA Consul t i ng I nc.


CRI TI CAL SPEED SAMPLE PROBLEM
PDC 4/ 30/ 12
NO. OF MAJ OR I NERTI AS = 12


ROTOR I NPUT DATA:
GEAR OUT DELTA I NS. WR2VB GAMMA G STI FFNESS SR MAJ . CTRL.
RATI O DI A. L DI A. *10E6 *10E6


1. 000 2. 76 1. 80 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
1. 000 4. 72 6. 60 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
1. 000 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 10224. 0 0. 000 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 1 0
1. 000 4. 72 11. 00 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
1. 000 7. 50 10. 38 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 062 0 0
1. 000 8. 10 5. 92 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 062 0 0
1. 000 9. 90 8. 10 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
1. 000 9. 94 3. 50 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
1. 000 10. 00 23. 70 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
1. 000 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 1338480. 0 0. 000 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 2 0
1. 000 10. 00 23. 70 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
1. 000 9. 94 3. 50 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
1. 000 9. 90 8. 10 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
1. 000 8. 10 5. 92 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
1. 000 7. 50 10. 28 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 062 0 0
1. 000 7. 38 11. 67 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 062 0 0
1. 000 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 29744. 5 0. 000 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 3 0
1. 000 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 0 0. 000 0. 00000 38. 36070 0. 000 0 0
1. 000 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 94104. 5 0. 000 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 4 0
1. 000 6. 00 2. 92 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
1. 000 6. 00 7. 58 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
1. 000 40. 79 4. 42 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
1. 000 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 683178. 9 0. 000 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 5 0
5. 290 6. 94 1. 37 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 7. 71 5. 26 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 4. 00 7. 36 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 2. 76 3. 82 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 6. 12 1. 00 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 2. 76 1. 67 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 80000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 2. 76 0. 83 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 765. 0 0. 000 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 6 0
5. 290 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 0 0. 000 0. 00000 14. 20000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 765. 0 0. 000 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 7 0
5. 290 2. 50 0. 50 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 2. 38 0. 12 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 3. 75 0. 93 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 3. 87 3. 10 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 35000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 4. 00 7. 54 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 35000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 4. 02 1. 82 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 35000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 4. 12 0. 62 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 35000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 4. 00 0. 12 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 35000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 4. 13 0. 40 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 35000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 4. 44 0. 44 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 35000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 4. 38 2. 06 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 35000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 6. 00 1. 90 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 35000 0. 00000 0. 320 0 0
5. 290 7. 50 0. 67 6. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 35000 0. 00000 0. 120 0 0
5. 290 6. 80 1. 90 6. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 8. 10 0. 67 7. 50 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 6. 94 0. 25 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 35000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 8. 10 0. 25 7. 75 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 8. 10 0. 31 7. 75 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 7. 50 1. 87 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 35000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 9587. 0 0. 000 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 8 0
5. 290 7. 50 1. 87 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 8. 10 4. 83 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 7. 50 12. 82 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 35000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 5805. 0 0. 000 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 9 0
5. 290 8. 10 4. 83 7. 50 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 7. 50 1. 30 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 8. 10 2. 35 7. 50 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 7. 50 7. 53 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 35000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 7625. 0 0. 000 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 10 0
5. 290 8. 10 2. 35 7. 50 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 7. 50 1. 53 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 8. 10 2. 44 7. 50 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 7. 50 8. 07 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 35000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 7862. 0 0. 000 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 11 0
5. 290 8. 10 2. 44 7. 50 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 7. 50 1. 65 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 8. 10 4. 03 7. 50 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 7. 50 11. 03 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 11. 35000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 7071. 0 0. 000 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 12 2
5. 290 8. 10 4. 03 7. 50 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 7. 50 2. 67 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 8. 10 9. 10 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 7. 50 0. 11 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 6. 94 0. 25 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 8. 10 0. 11 7. 75 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 8. 10 0. 25 7. 75 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 8. 10 1. 24 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 6. 80 1. 90 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 4. 38 2. 06 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 4. 44 0. 44 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 4. 13 0. 40 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 4. 00 0. 12 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 4. 12 0. 62 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 4. 02 1. 82 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 4. 00 4. 68 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 3. 74 1. 46 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 3. 19 0. 74 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 3. 16 1. 00 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 3. 00 0. 12 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 3. 12 1. 50 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0
5. 290 3. 00 0. 34 0. 00 0. 0 0. 283 0. 00000 0. 00000 0. 000 0 0





STATI ON WR**2 STI FFNESS
NO. LB. I N2 LB. I N. / RAD.


1 0. 104226538E+05 0. 369885975E+08
2 0. 136056027E+07 0. 950963281E+08
3 0. 312949252E+05 0. 383607000E+08
4 0. 943461467E+05 0. 198015492E+09
5 0. 104178066E+07 0. 256980342E+09
6 0. 226617983E+05 0. 397374220E+09
7 0. 251648469E+05 0. 491568569E+09
8 0. 314665269E+06 0. 769598372E+10
9 0. 197028549E+06 0. 131078134E+11
10 0. 240579570E+06 0. 122258378E+11
11 0. 253301194E+06 0. 894492396E+10
12 0. 263036660E+06


TORS. CRI T. SPEED ( RPM) EXCI TI NG FREQUENCI ES ( CPM)


1200. 00 3600. 00 6348. 00 7200. 00

SEPARATI ON MARGI NS


0. 9499993E+03 20. 83 73. 61 85. 03 86. 81


0. 2712998E+04 126. 08 24. 64 57. 26 62. 32


0. 9251993E+04 671. 00 157. 00 45. 75 28. 50


0. 1121899E+05 834. 92 211. 64 76. 73 55. 82


0. 1267799E+05 956. 50 252. 17 99. 72 76. 08


0. 2136698E+05 1680. 58 493. 53 236. 59 196. 76


0. 2508798E+05 1990. 67 596. 89 295. 21 248. 44


0. 4063397E+05 3286. 16 1028. 72 540. 11 464. 36


0. 4235397E+05 3429. 50 1076. 50 567. 20 488. 25


THE NORMALI ZED CRI TI CAL SPEED MODE SHAPES ARE



CRI TI CAL SPEED NO. 1 0. 9499993E+03 RPM


STATI ON NO. NORMALI ZED DEFLECTI ON


1 0. 10000E+01
2 0. 99278E+00
3 0. 62578E+00
4 - 0. 29709E+00
5 - 0. 47224E+00
6 - 0. 55812E+00
7 - 0. 61284E+00
8 - 0. 61284E+00
9 - 0. 61498E+00
10 - 0. 61599E+00
11 - 0. 61677E+00
12 - 0. 61738E+00


CRI TI CAL SPEED NO. 2 0. 2712998E+04 RPM


STATI ON NO. NORMALI ZED DEFLECTI ON


1 0. 11047E+00
2 0. 10396E+00
3 - 0. 20959E+00
4 - 0. 95111E+00
5 - 0. 10000E+01
6 - 0. 18997E+00
7 0. 33614E+00
8 0. 33614E+00
9 0. 36020E+00
10 0. 37320E+00
11 0. 38560E+00
12 0. 40026E+00


CRI TI CAL SPEED NO. 3 0. 9251993E+04 RPM


STATI ON NO. NORMALI ZED DEFLECTI ON


1 0. 58545E- 01
2 0. 18427E- 01
3 - 0. 63831E+00
4 - 0. 10000E+01
5 0. 88617E- 01
6 0. 53805E- 01
7 0. 23830E- 01
8 0. 23830E- 01
9 0. 19724E- 01
10 0. 16591E- 01
11 0. 12439E- 01
12 0. 59077E- 02


CRI TI CAL SPEED NO. 4 0. 1121899E+05 RPM


STATI ON NO. NORMALI ZED DEFLECTI ON


1 0. 10000E+01
2 - 0. 75996E- 02
3 - 0. 10720E- 01
4 0. 12817E- 01
5 - 0. 44600E- 02
6 0. 46881E- 01
7 0. 70523E- 01
8 0. 70523E- 01
9 0. 60608E- 01
10 0. 51529E- 01
11 0. 38170E- 01
12 0. 16045E- 01


CRI TI CAL SPEED NO. 5 0. 1267799E+05 RPM


STATI ON NO. NORMALI ZED DEFLECTI ON


1 0. 55728E- 01
2 - 0. 15978E- 01
3 0. 10000E+01
4 - 0. 20666E+00
5 0. 92054E- 02
6 0. 51321E- 02
7 0. 11615E- 02
8 0. 11615E- 02
9 0. 72227E- 03
10 0. 41482E- 03
11 0. 47910E- 04
12 - 0. 45977E- 03


CRI TI CAL SPEED NO. 6 0. 2136698E+05 RPM


STATI ON NO. NORMALI ZED DEFLECTI ON


1 0. 11494E- 05
2 - 0. 30515E- 05
3 0. 56158E- 03
4 - 0. 39810E- 02
5 0. 19741E- 01
6 - 0. 10000E+01
7 - 0. 91977E+00
8 - 0. 91977E+00
9 - 0. 38884E+00
10 - 0. 13090E- 02
11 0. 41452E+00
12 0. 83061E+00


CRI TI CAL SPEED NO. 7 0. 2508798E+05 RPM


STATI ON NO. NORMALI ZED DEFLECTI ON


1 0. 16995E- 06
2 - 0. 68638E- 06
3 0. 17458E- 03
4 - 0. 19377E- 02
5 0. 14162E- 01
6 - 0. 10000E+01
7 - 0. 63610E+00
8 - 0. 63610E+00
9 - 0. 11505E+00
10 0. 22179E+00
11 0. 50489E+00
12 0. 63618E+00


CRI TI CAL SPEED NO. 8 0. 4063397E+05 RPM


STATI ON NO. NORMALI ZED DEFLECTI ON


1 0. 59665E- 09
2 - 0. 72897E- 08
3 0. 48820E- 05
4 - 0. 16982E- 03
5 0. 35918E- 02
6 - 0. 67653E+00
7 0. 69344E+00
8 0. 69344E+00
9 - 0. 67215E+00
10 - 0. 10000E+01
11 - 0. 42844E+00
12 0. 92188E+00


CRI TI CAL SPEED NO. 9 0. 4235397E+05 RPM


STATI ON NO. NORMALI ZED DEFLECTI ON


1 0. 26282E- 09
2 - 0. 35115E- 08
3 0. 25554E- 05
4 - 0. 97344E- 04
5 0. 22470E- 02
6 - 0. 46018E+00
7 0. 57823E+00
8 0. 57823E+00
9 - 0. 66939E+00
10 - 0. 88912E+00
11 - 0. 23304E+00
12 0. 10000E+01





































TYPICAL MODE SHAPE PLOTS USING MICROSOFT EXCEL

Critical Speed Mode Shape - Nc1= 950 CPM
-8.00E-01
-6.00E-01
-4.00E-01
-2.00E-01
0.00E+00
2.00E-01
4.00E-01
6.00E-01
8.00E-01
1.00E+00
1.20E+00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Inertia Station Numbers
N
o
r
m
a
l
i
z
e
d

D
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
s

Critical Speed Mode Shape - Nc2=2713 CPM
-1.20E+00
-1.00E+00
-8.00E-01
-6.00E-01
-4.00E-01
-2.00E-01
0.00E+00
2.00E-01
4.00E-01
6.00E-01
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Inertia Numbers
N
o
r
m
a
l
i
z
e
d

D
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
s





Comparison of Calculated Torsional Natural Frequencies with Test Data
System 1










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Calculated
Multimass
(54
4 inertia
model
Percent
difference
Test
Data Per Cent Per Cent
crit. Spd.
Inertia)
model
Multimass
Vs. Dev. of Test Dev. of Test
no. (CPM) (CPM)
4 inertia
model HZ CPM
from
Calculated
from
Calculated
Multimass
4 inertia
model

1 513 522 1.754385965 8.625 517.5 0.869565217 -0.869565217

2 797 808 1.380175659 13.75 825 3.393939394 2.060606061

3 2086 2073
-
0.623202301














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Comparison of Calculated Torsional Natural Frequencies with Test Data
System 2










Pran RDA Consulting Inc.

Calculated
Multimass
(33
3 inertia
model
Percent
difference
Test
Data Per Cent Per Cent
crit. Spd.
Inertia)
model
Multimass
Vs. Dev. of Test Dev. of Test
no. (CPM) (CPM)
3 inertia
model HZ CPM
from
Calculated
from
Calculated
Multimass
3 inertia
model

1 689 695 0.870827286 11.5 690 0.144927536
-
0.724637681

2 1418 1414
-
0.282087447 25 1500 5.466666667 5.733333333















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References

Thomson, W. T., Vibration Theory and Applications, Prentice
Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1965.
Den Hartog, J.P., Mechanical Vibrations, Dover Publications
Inc., New York 1985 edition. (First published 1934)
Tse, Francis S., Morse, Ivan E., Hinkle, Rolland T., Mechanical
Vibrations, Allyn and Bacon, Inc., Boston, 1964.
API Standard 617, Seventh Edition, July 2002.
A HANDBOOK ON TORSIONAL VIBRATION The British
Internal Combustion Research Association (B.I.C.E.R.A)

Kirschbaum, H.S., Transient Electrical Torques of Turbine
Generators During Short Circuits and Synchronizing,
Transactions Electrical Engineering, February 1945, Volume 64.
Wahl, A.M., Kilgore, L.A., Transient Starting Torques in
Induction Motors, November, 1940, Transactions Electrical
Engineering.
Godwin, G.I., The Nature of A.C. Machine Torques, IEEE ,
1976.
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References (Continued)

Pollard, E.I., Torsional Response of Systems, Transactions of
the ASME, July 1967.
Pollard, E.I., Transient Torsional Vibration Due to Suddenly
Applied Torque, Journal of Engineering for Industry, May 1972.
De Choudhury, P., Torsional System Design Relative to
Synchronous Motor Start-Up with a Variable Frequency Power
Supply System, Proceedings of the International Conference
on Rotordynamics, September, 1986.
De Choudhury, P., Aspects of Torsional System Design for
Large Single Shaft Gas Turbine Drives with Variable Frequency
Start Up Motor, Proceedings of the Sixth International
Conference on Rotordynamics, September, 2002.
Milton, A. Miner, Cumulative Fatigue Damage Analysis,
Journal of Applied Mechanics, September 1945.



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