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PDD Focsani v3.0
PDD Focsani v3.0
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Project Design Document Landfill Gas Recovery and Utilization in Focsani, Romania
July 2005 Version 3.0
GRUE & HORNSTRUP CONSULTING ENGINEERS A/S in cooperation with LFG Consult Aps
050719_1_PDD Focsani v3.0 .doc
Page 46 of 79
Figure 9: Monitoring locations for the monitoring plan
The volume of gas passing points 1 through 3 shall be monitored for the appropriate
parameters listed in Table 10. Monitoring at these points should give adequate data for the
determination of for ERs and leakages within the system. The electricity usage of the
landfill (point 4) will also be monitored in order to account for the additional production of
CO
2
equivalents from electricity usage, should it become significant. For the fuel switch the
amount of LFG entering the CET (point 3) needs to be monitored since it will be replacing
natural gas in regards to emissions reduction. The system can be equipped with online
monitoring, with a minimum of one value for each parameter recorded per day of operation.
However, it is realized that for effective operation of the system the actual data collection
may be much more frequent. All data will be stored on-site and backed up by media and
management office computers at a minimum of once a week.
Additional data such as burning efficiencies of combustion equipment (for the flare) will also
be determined on a periodic base through gas analysis using a portable meter. All manual
data will be catalogued in both written form and in an online database.
Specific schedules and guidelines for monitoring will be developed once equipment is
selected and installed under the design and implementation phase of the J I project. The
schedules and guidelines will follow the framework as outlined in this methodology and will
be reviewed by the Independent Intently (DOE) responsible for verification of ERs.
9.2.3 Official data registration and ERs calculation (Step 3)
Data will be officially registered through the uses of the example Monitoring Forms found
in Annex C. The Monitoring Forms will include all of the appropriate annual data needed
for ERs determination. The annual data will consist of the accumulative values or
parameters over a verification period, with corrections for errors and missing data. All data
regarding the solid waste placed during the verification period, governmental regulations and
common practice, and will also be included along with an executive summary of the most
recent EIA.
Project Design Document Landfill Gas Recovery and Utilization in Focsani, Romania
July 2005 Version 3.0
GRUE & HORNSTRUP CONSULTING ENGINEERS A/S in cooperation with LFG Consult Aps
050719_1_PDD Focsani v3.0 .doc
Page 47 of 79
Actual emissions reduction will be calculated in a similar manner as the estimated emissions
reduction as presented in chapter 8. The calculations are based on the directly measured CH
4
mass, which is recovered and combusted, plus the direct measurements of energy use.
Calculations should take into account any changes in emissions values or factors from those
presented in chapter 8, and any changes in assumptions. A check of the actual ERs can be
preformed by the use of the most appropriate baseline estimate for the verification period,
and a detailed estimation of the LFG production and project emissions based on the
monitored data.
9.2.4 QA/QC, Corrective actions and modification of the monitoring plan (Step 4)
Corrective actions for the project will be handled on a case by case base. The landfill
operation company Compania de Utilitati Publice R.A. (CUP) will be responsible for all
corrective actions. Corrective actions for general operation will be handled by operations
and maintenance personal in a prompt and appropriate manner, and any significant corrective
actions will be reported in the Verification Report. Corrective actions for emergencies will
follow developed procedures for safety and emissions. These procedures can not be
developed at this time, but when the landfill gas recovery and utilization system is installed.
At a minimum corrective actions for emergencies shall include the notification of
appropriate authorities and the minimization of dangers to operations personnel and the
public.
Internal audits of the monitored data and performance reviews shall be done on a scheduled
bases. These audits and reviews shall focus on inconsistencies in data and changes from one
period to another. The audits and reviews should pinpoint sources of errors and allow for
improved efficiency.
Data accuracy will be determined by inspection and comparison of average monthly values
and variations of the data, and should take into account operation parameters such as the
number of active wells. Data accuracy will also be determined through periodic manual
reading of on-line monitoring instruments. Since most monitoring equipment will have
constant supervision it is not expected that periods of missing or incorrect data will last for
more than a few days at a time. In the instance were data is determined to be inaccurate or is
missing the average value for the parameter from five days before and after the missing
period will be used to estimate the missing or incorrect data value(s).
The monitoring plan may be modified to fit the installed configuration of the landfill gas
recovery and utilization system. Modification may also be developed if equipment is
replaced by newer technologies or methods. All modification shall be approved by the J I
project parties and be detailed in the Verification Report.
Table 11 presents the monitoring parameters as indicated in Table 10 and the degree of
uncertainty of those parameters along with QA/QC procedures. While Table 12 presents
values used in the monitoring plan for calculating the eventual ERs.
Project Design Document Landfill Gas Recovery and Utilization in Focsani, Romania
July 2005 Version 3.0
GRUE & HORNSTRUP CONSULTING ENGINEERS A/S in cooperation with LFG Consult Aps
050719_1_PDD Focsani v3.0 .doc
Page 48 of 79
ID
Number
Symbol
Uncertainty level of
data
(High/Medium/Low)
Are QA/QC
procedures
planned for
these data?
Outline explanation how QA/QC procedures are planned
1 - 3 LFG y Low yes
Flow meters should be subject to a regular maintenance and testing regime
to ensure accuracy.
4 FE Medium yes
Regular maintenance should ensure optimal operation of flares. Flare
efficiency should be checked quarterly, with monthly checks if the efficiency
shows significant deviations from previous values.
5 w_CH4,y Low yes
The gas analyser should be subject to a regular maintenance and testing
regime to ensure accuracy.
6 T Low yes
Meters should be subject to a regular maintenance and testing regime to
ensure accuracy.
7 P Low yes
Meters should be subject to a regular maintenance and testing regime to
ensure accuracy.
8 PE_y Low yes
Meters should be subject to a regular maintenance and testing regime to
ensure accuracy.
9 CEF_electricity,y Low no n/a
10 TEST, AF Low yes
Applicable laws regarding solid waste management and their extent of
implementation should be checked annually
11 Q_NG y Low yes Data will be directly used to calculate emission reductions
12 EV_NG Low no n/a
Table 11: Monitoring parameters and QA/QC
Project Design Document Landfill Gas Recovery and Utilization in Focsani, Romania
July 2005 Version 3.0
GRUE & HORNSTRUP CONSULTING ENGINEERS A/S in cooperation with LFG Consult Aps
050719_1_PDD Focsani v3.0 .doc
Page 49 of 79
Symbol Unit Period Appliocable Value Description / Source
GWP_CH4 tCO2e / tCH4 1996-present 21
Global Warming Potential of methane, Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
CEF_electiricity,y CO2e/MWh
period or year of
generation
0.58
Emissions entensity of electricity generated and supplied to the grid,
DNA
AF year of generation 0
Factor applied based on national laws and emplimentation, national
government
D_CH4 tCH4/m3 CH4 Default 0.0007168
Methane density at standard temperature and presure
EF_NG_CO2y tCO2/TJ Default 56.1
CO2 emissions entensity from the combustion of natural gas, Revised
1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
EV_NG TJ /1000 m3 Default 0.0358
Energy content in natural gas at standard density, source
Table 12: Values used in the monitoring plan
9.2.5 Verification of ERs
A final Verification Report will be prepared at the end of each verification period (12
months) as determined by the final J I project agreement between the J I project parties and/or
the UNFCCC. The Verification Report will at a minimum include the following information
and be in accordance with established UNFCCC requirements.
Appropriate data tables for the given period, including a monthly summary
of the required data listed in Table 10.
The Monitoring Form for the given period
Detailed emissions reduction calculations based on the gathered data &
methodology
All data regarding the solid waste placed during the year
An executive summary of the most recent EIA
An executive summary of the current impact of the project activity
Explanation of any corrective actions and modifications of the monitoring
plan
Changes in applicable laws and regulations
Project Design Document Landfill Gas Recovery and Utilization in Focsani, Romania
July 2005 Version 3.0
GRUE & HORNSTRUP CONSULTING ENGINEERS A/S in cooperation with LFG Consult Aps
050719_1_PDD Focsani v3.0 .doc
Page 50 of 79
Project Design Document Landfill Gas Recovery and Utilization in Focsani, Romania
July 2005 Version 3.0
GRUE & HORNSTRUP CONSULTING ENGINEERS A/S in cooperation with LFG Consult Aps
050719_1_PDD Focsani v3.0 .doc
Page 51 of 79
10. Analysis of the Environmental Impact of the Project
A number of meetings with the Varancea County EPA and the landfill management
company (CUP) have been held in order to assess the issue of Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) for the existing landfill and this J I project. At these meetings it was
emphasized that there are no current requirements for an EIA of LFG recovery and
utilization systems for existing landfills at the local level. The only EIA requirements which
are placed on existing landfills involve two levels of EIA investigations to be preformed
upon the closure of the landfill. The EIA results should have no consequence upon this J I
project, but they do give an insight into how a LFG recovery and utilization system will
impact this soon to be closed site.
Both the Level I and Level II EIAs must be completed for the closure of the existing Focsani
landfill. The Level I EIA, completed in 2003, dealt with issues related to general landfill
conditions and acted as a pre-analysis step for the Level II EIA. Data from the Level I
analysis is presented in chapter 4. The Level II EIA should be completed in 2004 and deals
with issues related to transboundary impacts of the existing landfill. The Level II EIA
includes the analysis of the surrounding air, ground, and water.
Despite the fact that a specific EIA is not required for establishing this LFG recovery and
utilization system, there are known to exist both positive and negative impacts on the
surrounding environment of such a system. A summary of these effects are listed below in
Table 13.
Table 13: Impacts of the project on the surrounding environment
Though the risk of a potential natural disaster is considered to be minimal and beyond the
scope of this J I project, it must be noted that the City of Focsani is located in the area of
seismic activity in Romania. Therefore, the installed equipment and built facilities will
cohere to the existing local building codes and standards.
Monitoring of the projects and the landfills environmental impact should be carried out
during the life of the project. The Level I and II EIAs, monitoring, and the verified ERUs
Positive Impacts on the Surrounding Environment
Reduction in GHG emissions
Reduction of the below ground migration of LFG
Reduction of fire hazard from migrating LFG
Reduction of explosion hazard from migrating LFG
Reduction of health hazards associated with inhalation of LFG
Reduction of odorous nuisances
Negative Impacts on the Surrounding Environment
Possibility of gas leakage
The noise level of installed equipment my exceed comfortable conditions in
the vicinity of project facilities.
Project Design Document Landfill Gas Recovery and Utilization in Focsani, Romania
July 2005 Version 3.0
GRUE & HORNSTRUP CONSULTING ENGINEERS A/S in cooperation with LFG Consult Aps
050719_1_PDD Focsani v3.0 .doc
Page 52 of 79
can be used for determining the overall environmental impact of this J I project during the
projects life. This activity will help the local authorities to assess the impact of the
established situation and help them predict future occurrences for the existing and new
landfill.
It is believed that the potential environmental impact of the project is very low under typical
circumstances, and that the positive environmental benefits of the project far outweigh the
negative consequences. The monitoring system installed with the project should reduce the
projects potential environmental impact. Monitoring of the surrounding environment through
EIAs should be continued in accordance with landfill closure legislation. This information
could be used to ascertain if there are any unexpected environmental impacts of the J I
project.
Project Design Document Landfill Gas Recovery and Utilization in Focsani, Romania
July 2005 Version 3.0
GRUE & HORNSTRUP CONSULTING ENGINEERS A/S in cooperation with LFG Consult Aps
050719_1_PDD Focsani v3.0 .doc
Page 53 of 79
Literature Sources
Danish Energy Authority. Project Manual: J oint Implementation. Spring 2003
Decision no. 349 of May 2005 on the land filling of waste. The Official J ournal of Romania.
Decision no. 162 of 20 February 2002 on the land filling of waste. The Official J ournal of Romania.
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Investment Climate for Climate Investment: J oint
Implementation in Transition Countries. Working Paper no. 77. J anuary 2003.
Grue & Hornstrup A/S: Geothermal Energy in Oradea Area II and Beius. Version 2.2. October 2003.
Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands. Operational Guidelines for Project Design Documents of
J oint Implementation Projects, Volume 1: General Guidelines. Version 2.2. J une 2003
Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands. Operational Guidelines for Project Design Documents of
J oint Implementation Projects, Volume 2: Baseline studies and monitoring plans for specific
project categories. J une 2003.
United Nations. United Nations Environmental Performance Review on Romania. 2001.
Willumsen, H.C., LFG Consult, (2003): Landfill Gas Plants Number and Types Worldwide. Paper from the
Seventh International Landfill Symposium, Sardinia 2003. Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.
Willumsen, H.C., LFG Consult, (2003): Landfill Gas to Energy Project in Poland and Latvia, Case Studies.
Papers given at a World Bank Workshop for Energy from Landfill Gas for the Latin America
and Caribbean. Monterrey, Mexico.
Willumsen, H.C., LFG Consult, (2000): Co-author for International Perspective on Energy Recovery from
Landfill Gas. IEA (International Energy Agency) Bioenergy and CADDET Renewable
Energy Programme.
J ohannenssen, L. M., The World Bank, Co-author: WILLUMSEN, H. C., LFG Consult, (1999): Guidance
Note on Recuperation of Landfill Gas from Municipal Solid Waste Landfills. Urban and
Local Government Working Paper Series from The World Bank.
Willumsen, H.C., LFG Consult, Co-Author (1999): A Guide to Developing Landfill Gas Facilities in Poland.
Thermie Programme Action No. DIS-1544-97-GB in co-operation with ETP Ltd, UK, EC
BREC, Poland and ETSU, UK for the European Commission, DG17.
Project Design Document Landfill Gas Recovery and Utilization in Focsani, Romania
July 2005 Version 3.0
GRUE & HORNSTRUP CONSULTING ENGINEERS A/S in cooperation with LFG Consult Aps
050719_1_PDD Focsani v3.0 .doc
Page 54 of 79
Christensen, T. H., Danish Technical University, Co-author: WILLUMSEN, H.C., (1998):
Affaldsteknologi (Waste Technologi). Published by Teknisk Forlag, Copenhagen. ISBN
87-571-2148-6 (Only available in Danish).
Willumsen, H.C., LFG Consult, (1997): Decentralized energy production from landfill Gas Plant. Paper from
the Sixth International Landfill Symposium, Sardinia 97. Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.
Willumsen, H.C., LFG Consult, (1997): Automated control of landfill gas abstraction at small landfills.
Paper from SWANAs 20th Annual Landfill Gas Symposium, Monterey, California, USA.
Christensen, T.H., COSSU, R., STEGMANN, R., Co- author: WILLUMSEN, H.C., (1996): Landfilling of
Waste: Biogas. Published by E & FN Spon. ISBN 0 419 19400 2.
Gendebien, A.; Pauwels, M.; Constant, M.; Ledrut-Damanet, M.- J .; Willumsen, H.C.; Butson, J .; FABRY,
R.; FERRERO, G.- L. AND NYNS, E.- J . (1991). "Landfill Gas. From Environment to
Energy". Office for Official Publication of the European Communities, Luxembourg. 1000
pp. ISBN 92-826-3672-0.
Willumsen, H.C., Crone & Koch Consulting Engineers (1989): Recovery of Landfill Gas. Demonstration
Project. Commission of the European Communities. Office for Official Publications of the
European Communities. ISBN 92-826-0817-4
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Annexes
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Annex A.1: Memorandum of Understanding
Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Kingdom of Denmark and the
Government of Romania on co-operation for the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol to the UN
Framework Convention on Climate Change
The Government of the Kingdom of Denmark and the Government of Romania, hereinafter referred to
as Parties
Recalling that the Kingdom of Denmark and Romania are parties to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC (Rio de J aneiro, 1992) and have already ratified the Kyoto
Protocol (1997) to that Convention,
Bearing in mind Article 6 of the Kyoto Protocol which will provide for the transfer from one party to
another party of emission reduction units (ERUs) resulting from J oint Implementation projects aimed
at reducing anthropogenic emissions by sources or enhancing anthropogenic removals by sinks of
greenhouse gases,
Recalling Article 17 of the Kyoto Protocol providing for the possibility of participation in Emissions
Trading for the purpose of meeting quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments,
Underlining the importance of the domestic policies and measures to meet obligations under the Kyoto
Protocol and the supplementary role of the activities under its Article 6 and 17,
Taking into account any further Guidelines on Article 6 and Article 17 to be developed by CoP/MoP,
and also taking into account future decisions by CoP/MoP on compliance,
Anticipating on the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol,
Considering that the further co-operation in the field of J oint Implementation under Article 6 and co-
operation in the field of Emissions Trading under Article 17 of the Kyoto Protocol will be efficient
contributions to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions,
Considering the joint priority of the Kingdom of Denmark and Romania to preserve the environment
and to promote sustainable development,
Desirous to express the political will to co-operate within the objective of the UN Framework
Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol, in particular to facilitate J oint Implementation
and explore the possibilities of Emissions Trading,
Have agreed as follows:
Article 1
Objective
This Memorandum of Understanding will detail procedures described in the Kyoto Protocol in relation
to Danish - Romanian co-operation regarding Articles 6 and 17 of the Kyoto Protocol.
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Article 2
Scope of application
(1) This Memorandum of Understanding shall apply to procedures that in accordance with Article 6 of
the Kyoto Protocol facilitate the development and implementation of emission reduction projects in
Romania and the transfer to the Danish Party of the agreed part of emission reduction units (ERU)
resulting from those projects.
(2) If the Parties agree, reductions before 2008 from J oint Implementation projects can be transformed
into Assigned Amount Units for the period 2008-2012 and traded to theDanish Party on the basis of
Article 17 of the Kyoto Protocol.
(3) Decisions on transfers will be taken for each project by the Romanian Party following a Danish
Party request.
Article 3
Competent Authorities
The responsible authorities for implementing the provisions of this Memorandum of Understanding are:
For the Danish Party: The Ministry of Environment For the Romanian Party: The Ministry of Waters and
Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Industry and Resources
Article 4
Contribution of the Romanian Party
(1) The Romanian Party will facilitate the development and implementation of projects by supporting
the potential beneficiaries interested in carrying out emission reduction projects with information and by
formal approval of projects as J oint Implementation projects, in accordance with Article 6.1.a of the
Protocol, which meet all national requirements for such projects. The Romanian Party will ensure that
proceeds from the sale of ERUs will be used to finance those specific projects from which the ERUs
originate.
(2) The Romanian Party will transfer the agreed and prepaid amount of ERUs, within the agreed period
for each project, as long as the J I-projects generating the ERUs keep generating emission reductions,
which can be verified by an independent entity. The approval must contain binding affirmation of the
Romanian Party that will transfer the agreed and procured part of the resulting ERUs to Danish Party in
accordance with Article 6 of the Kyoto Protocol. The project agreement will also confirm that the
transfer will be free of any extra charges beyond the agreed payment for ERUs. In case of changes in
national policies (energy, environment) of the host country that result in difficulties of generation and
delivery of ERUs by the project executor, the Romanian Party will do its utmost to have the ERUs
agreed upon in the project agreement transferred in a practical manner to the Danish Party.
Article 5
Contribution of the Danish Party
The Danish Party will contribute to the development and implementation of emission reduction projects
by the procurement of ERUs originating from those projects from the Romanian Party being the
ultimate owner of such units. The definite procurement contract includes the formal Danish approval of
the project in accordance with Article 6.1 in the Kyoto Protocol.
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Article 6
Payment schemes
Payment schemes for J oint Implementation projects will be agreed on a case by case basis and formally reflected
in the project agreements.
Article 7
Independent assessment of projects
Until the J I Supervisory Committee accredits specialised firms as possible Independent Entities for determination
and validation of projects the Danish Party will set up a provisional list of such firms and the Romanian Party will
agree on them.
Article 8
Final provisions
(1) The present Memorandum of Understanding enters into force on the date of the last written notification
through which the Parties are informing each other that their internal legal procedures necessary for its entry into
force have been completed.
(2) The present Memorandum of Understanding is concluded for a period of 10 years and shall be automatically
prolonged for new periods of 5 years.
(3) Either Party can denounce this Memorandum of Understanding through a written notification addressed to the
other Party. The denunciation shall take effect after 6 months from the date of the receipt of the notification.
Done at ., on .. in two original copies in the English language.
For the Government of the Kingdom of For the Government of Romania
Denmark
Hans Christian Schmidt Vlad-Andrei Moga
Minister for the Environment Ambassador
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Annex A.2: Letter of Intent from the City Hall
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Annex A.3: Contact Information for Project Participants
Danish Environmental Protection Agency (DEPA)
Strandgade 29
DK-1401 Kbenhavn K
Denmark
Contact Person: Inge Gerhardt Pedersen; igp@mst.dk
Tele: +45 32 66 01 00
Romanian Ministry of Environment and Water Management (RMEWM)
B-dul Libertatil Nr 12
Sector 5, Bucuresti
Romania
Contact Person: Dr. Ionut Purica, Consular, ipurica@mappm.ro
Vlad Trusca, Climate Change Office, vlad@mappm.ro
Focsani City Council & Mayors Office
Mayors Office of Focsani City
Bvd. D. Cantemir 1A
Focsani, Vrancea
Romania
Contact Persons: Decebal Bacinschi; Mayor
Dan Cazaciuc; Communications Director; cazaciuc.dan@quattro.ro
Compania de Utilitati Publice R.A. (Landfill management company)
N. Titulescu Street 9
5300 Focsani, J ud. Vrancea
Romania
Contact Person: Gheorghe Vasilescu; General Manager; gvasilescu@xnet.ro
Tele: +40 3722 6406
enet S.A. (CET plant and distribution system company)
B-dul Bucuresti 4
5300 Focsani, J ud. Vrancea
Romania
Contact Person: Valter Popescu; General Manager; walter@enetsa.ro
Tele: +40 3721 4110
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Electrica S.A. (Power distribution company)
Bd. Independentei, Nr. 2-4
5300 Focsani, J ud. Vrancea
Romania
Contact Person: Dinu Chitic; Technical Manager; dinu.chitic@edf.dtcom.ro
Tele: +40 30237 205701
Inspectoratul de Protectie a Mediului Vrancea (Vrancea County EPA)
Dinicu Golescu 2
5300 Focsani, J ud. Vrancea
Romania
Contact Person: Rodica Bongeag; Engineer; ipmrel@artelecom.net
Tele: +40 0237 217542
Grue & Hornstrup Consulting Engineers A/S
stergade 18
DK-7500 Holstebro
Denmark
Contact Person: Lars Grue; Director; lars.grue@grue-hornstrup.dk
Tele: +45 96 10 13 30
LFG Consult Aps
Houlkjarshojen 9
DK-8800 Viborg
Denmark
Contact Person: Hans Willumsen; Director; hcw@lfgconsult.dk
Tele: +45 86 67 32 10
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Annex B.1: Plans of the Focsani Landfill and Project Area
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Annex C.1: Monitoring Form
SUMMARY MONITORING FORM PAGE 1
Ident. Description Unit Year/Month Notes
Period:
A LFG Leaving MPR - Monitoring Point 1
AA Gas Volume/Flow Nm3
AB Gas Pressure Bar
AC Gas Temperature C
AD CH4 Content % vol.
AE Operation Time h
B Flare - Monitoring Point 2
BA Gas Volume/Flow Nm3
BB Operation Time h
BC Combustion Efficiency FE, %
C Transmission Pipe (End) - Monitoring Point 3
CA Gas Volume/Flow NM3
D Electricity Used at Landfill - Monitoring Point 6
DA Electricity MWh
E Emission Factors-Electricity (CO2)
EA g/kWh
F Landfill Data
Composition: %
Composition: %
Composition: %
Composition: %
Composition: %
Amount Placed tons/period
Active Area Hac.
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SUMMARY MONITORING FORM PAGE 2
G Comments About EIA
H Comments About Corrective Actions
I Comments About Modifications
J Changes in Laws and Regulations
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Annex C.2: Monitoring Records
MONTHLY TIME SERIES RECORD FOR MONITORING POINT (GAS)
MONITORING POINT(S)
DESCRIPTION
MEASUREMENTS
Time Gas Volume Gas Pressure Gas Temperature CH4 Content Operation Time
Nm3 C % h
TOTAL
MONTHLY TIME SERIES RECORD FOR MONITORING POINT (FLARE)
MONITORING POINT(S)
DESCRIPTION
MEASUREMENTS
Time Gas Volume Operation Time Latest FE
Nm3 h %
TOTAL
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MONTHLY TIME SERIES RECORD FOR MONITORING POINT (ENERGY)
MONITORING POINT(S)
DESCRIPTION
MEASUREMENTS
Time Operation Time Electricity
h kW/h
TOTAL
MONTHLY TIME SERIES RECORD FOR MONITORING POINT (BOILER PLANT)
MONITORING POINT(S)
DESCRIPTION
MEASUREMENTS
Time LFG Volume Operation Time NG Volume
Nm3 h Nm3
TOTAL
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Annex D.1: Drilling, LFG Analysis, and Waste Amounts
Deposited Waste Analysis
HOLE 1 Final Depth (13m)
Depth, m pH WC, % DM, % VS, % WV, % TOC, %
1-3 7 32.38 67.62 19.13 1.56 6.07
4-5 8 34.22 65.78 23.55 2.63 6.2
6-7 8.1 39.17 60.83 23.98 7.01 6.41
8-9 8.15 39.84 60.26 8.38 10.27 6.11
10 8.25 35.49 64.51 14.51 11.09 5.14
12-13 8.2 29.72 70.28 11.71 13.87 3.67
HOLE 2 Final Depth (11m)
Depth, m pH WC, % DM, % VS, % WV, % TOC, %
1-3 8 63.26 36.74 28.22 7.69 6.22
4-8 8.2 76.71 23.29 37.87 13.26 6.07
9-11 8.25 45.26 54.74 22.44 14.82 6.29
HOLE 3 Final Depth (5m)
Depth, m pH WC, % DM, % VS, % WV, % TOC, %
2 7.5 23.67 76.33 13.06 2.11 5.16
3 7.9 30.36 69.64 18.38 3.07 6.26
4 7 35.04 64.96 20.18 4.16 6.37
5 8.1 34.52 65.48 18.57 6.84 6.06
AVERAGE 7.90 39.97 60.04 20.00 7.57 5.85
Gas Analysis
HOLE 1
CH
4
, % CO
2
, % O
2
, % N
2
, %
O
C
79.0 19.0 0.0 2.0 15
HOLE 2
CH
4
, % CO
2
, % O
2
, % N
2
, %
O
C
53.0 21.0 3.3 22.7 12
HOLE 3
CH
4
, % CO
2
, % O
2
, % N
2
, %
O
C
53.0 23.0 2.4 21.6 11
AVERAGE
CH
4
, % CO
2
, % O
2
, % N
2
, %
O
C
61.7 21.0 1.9 15.4 13
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Actual Waste Deposited Projected Waste Deposited
Year Tons/yr Year Tons/yr
1997 35000 1970 2000
1998 33000 1971 2100
1999 32500 1972 2200
2000 37500 1973 2300
2001 37500 1974 2400
2002 35500 1975 2500
2003 35500 1976 2600
1977 2700
1978 2800
1979 2900
1980 3100
1981 3300
1982 3500
1983 3700
1984 3900
1985 5000
1986 6000
1987 7000
1988 8000
1989 10000
1990 13000
1991 17000
1992 21000
1993 25000
1994 28000
1995 30000
1996 32000
1997 34800
1998 33100
1999 32700
2000 37500
2001 37400
2002 35600
2003 35600
2004 37000
2005 40000
TOTAL 567700
Waste Deposited (Focsani Landfill)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
1
9
7
0
1
9
7
2
1
9
7
4
1
9
7
6
1
9
7
8
1
9
8
0
1
9
8
2
1
9
8
4
1
9
8
6
1
9
8
8
1
9
9
0
1
9
9
2
1
9
9
4
1
9
9
6
1
9
9
8
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
2
0
0
4
Year
t
o
n
s
/
y
r
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Annex E.1: Economic Analysis Tables
Item
Gas Flaring only
Value in Euro
CHP Plant
Value in Euro
Heat production
(Fosani CET)
Value in Euro
Approximately 30 extraction wells 58.000 58.000 58.000
Connection pipes between wells and MPR module 44.000 44.000 44.000
MPR Module incl. gas pump, cooling excl. Alt. I 125.000 135.000 135.000
Flare 35.000 35.000 35.000
Transmission pipe, 20 m, 1,000 m, 3,500 m. D=125 mm 7.000 125.000 125.000
Connection and adjusting LFG to existing Natural Gas
installation - - 60.000
Gas engine/generator unit in a container - 383.000 -
Transformer and power connection - 60.000 -
Project preparation, design, supervision,
commissioning, running in, training, etc. 65.000 150.000 85.000
Contingencies 16.000 45.000 23.000
Total investment costs in Euro: 350.000 1.035.000 565.000
The financial analysis takes into account the NPV of the different alternatives at a discount
rate of 10%. Other assumptions for the investment analysis are take from the current
situation in Romania (e.g. prices and interest rates). The investment analysis does not
include taxes or tariffs, and presents the optimal solutions for financing the alternative under
local conditions. Though it should be note that commercial loans are difficult for Romanian
municipalities to gain due to credit problems and limits.
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Assumptions for the Invetment Analysis
Annual operation and maintenance costs 10%of total investment
Selling price for natural gas 110 EURO/1000 m3
Selling price for elec. 0.04 EURO/kWh
Price of ER 5.00 EUR/tonne of CO2e
Potential Up-front payments (DEPA) 50%
Potential Up-front payments (City) 10%
Discount rate 10%
Available Interest Rate 8%
Energy value in landfill gas 4,990 kWh/1000m3
Methane content in LFG 50%
Power production efficency (gas engine) 36% kWhe/kWh
Assumptions for the Sensativity Analysis
Annual operation and maintenance costs 10%of total investment
Selling price for natural gas 132 EURO/1000 m3
Selling price for elec. 0.048 EURO/kWh
Price of ER 5.00 EUR/tonne of CO2e
Potential Up-front payments (DEPA) 50%
Potential Up-front payments (City) 10%
Discount rate 10%
Available Interest Rate 8%
Energy value in landfill gas 4,990 kWh/1000m3
Methane content in LFG 50%
Power production efficency (gas engine) 36% kWhe/kWh
Changes in Parameters for Sensativity Analysis
Increase in LFG recovery 15%
Increase in Natural Gas Price 20%
Increase in Elec. Price 20%
Energy From Alternatives
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
LFG recovery (1000 m3) 1,796 2,624 2,395 2,145 1,902 1,686 1,491
Energy value of LFG utilized (kWh/yr) 8,183,600 11,957,238 10,912,132 9,774,811 8,668,229 7,684,600 6,793,186
Equivalent Natural gas (1000 m3) 898 1,312 1,197 1,072 951 843 745
Power Production from Gas Engine (kWh/yr) 2,946,096 3,500,000 3,500,000 3,500,000 3,120,562 2,766,456 2,445,547
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Alternative 2
Investment Cost 350,000
Up-front payment City 35,000
Up-front payment DEPA -
Principle for loan 315,000
Expendatures Total () 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Loan Payment 380,420 95,105 95,105 95,105 95,105
Operation and Maintenance Cost 245,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000
Revenue
ERs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Electricity sales 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Savings in Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cash Flow
-660,420 -35000 -130105 -130105 -130105 -130105 -35000 -35000 -35000
NPV -460,786
Alternative 3
Investment Cost 565,000
Up-front payment City 56,500
Up-front payment DEPA -
Principle for loan 508,500
Expendatures Total () 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Loan Payment 614,107 153,527 153,527 153,527 153,527
Operation and Maintenance Cost 395,500 56,500 56,500 56,500 56,500 56,500 56,500 56,500
Revenue
ERs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Electricity sales 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Savings in Natural Gas 772,109 0 98,769 144,314 131,700 117,974 104,618 92,747 81,988
Cash Flow
-293,998 -56500 -111258 -65713 -78327 -92053 48118 36247 25488
NPV -245,688
Alternative 4
Investment Cost 1,035,000
Up-front payment City 103,500
Up-front payment DEPA -
Principle for loan 931,500
Expendatures Total () 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Loan Payment 1,124,957 281,239 281,239 281,239 281,239
Operation and Maintenance Cost 724,500 103,500 103,500 103,500 103,500 103,500 103,500 103,500
Revenue
ERs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Electricity sales 871,146 0 117,844 140,000 140,000 140,000 124,822 110,658 97,822
Savings in Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cash Flow
-1,081,810 -103500 -266895 -244739 -244739 -244739 21322 7158 -5678
NPV -804,605
JI Project
Investment Cost 565,000
Up-front payment City 56,500
Up-front payment DEPA 284,447
Principle for loan 224,053
Expendatures Total () 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Loan Payment 270,585 67,646 67,646 67,646 67,646
Operation and Maintenance Cost 395,500 56,500 56,500 56,500 56,500 56,500 56,500 56,500
Revenue
ERs 284,447 0 36,363 53,237 48,564 43,478 38,530 34,131 30,145
Electricity sales 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Savings in Natural Gas 772,109 0 98,769 144,314 131,700 117,974 104,618 92,747 81,988
Cash Flow
333,971 -56500 10985 73404 56118 37305 86648 70378 55633
NPV 185,336
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Alternative 2 (Sensativity Analysis)
Investment Cost 350,000
Up-front payment City 35,000
Up-front payment DEPA -
Principle for loan 315,000
Expendatures Total () 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Loan Payment 380,420 95,105 95,105 95,105 95,105
Operation and Maintenance Cost 245,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000
Revenue
ERs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Electricity sales 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Savings in Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cash Flow
-660,420 -35000 -130105 -130105 -130105 -130105 -35000 -35000 -35000
NPV -460,786
Alternative 3 (Sensativity Analysis)
Investment Cost 565,000
Up-front payment City 56,500
Up-front payment DEPA -
Principle for loan 508,500
Expendatures Total () 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Loan Payment 614,107 153,527 153,527 153,527 153,527
Operation and Maintenance Cost 395,500 56,500 56,500 56,500 56,500 56,500 56,500 56,500
Revenue
ERs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Electricity sales 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Savings in Natural Gas 1,065,510 0 136,301 199,153 181,746 162,803 144,373 127,990 113,143
Cash Flow
-597 -56500 -73726 -10874 -28281 -47223 87873 71490 56643
NPV -56,389
Alternative 4 (Sensativity Analysis)
Investment Cost 1,035,000
Up-front payment City 103,500
Up-front payment DEPA -
Principle for loan 931,500
Expendatures Total () 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Loan Payment 1,124,957 281,239 281,239 281,239 281,239
Operation and Maintenance Cost 724,500 103,500 103,500 103,500 103,500 103,500 103,500 103,500
Revenue
ERs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Electricity sales 1,045,376 0 141,413 168,000 168,000 168,000 149,787 132,790 117,386
Savings in Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cash Flow
-907,581 -103500 -243327 -216739 -216739 -216739 46287 29290 13886
NPV -693,004
JI Project (Sensativity Analysis)
Investment Cost 565,000
Up-front payment City 56,500
Up-front payment DEPA 284,447
Principle for loan 224,053
Expendatures Total () 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Loan Payment 270,585 67,646 67,646 67,646 67,646
Operation and Maintenance Cost 395,500 56,500 56,500 56,500 56,500 56,500 56,500 56,500
Revenue
ERs 284,447 0 36,363 53,237 48,564 43,478 38,530 34,131 30,145
Electricity sales 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Savings in Natural Gas 1,065,510 0 136,301 199,153 181,746 162,803 144,373 127,990 113,143
Cash Flow
627,372 -56500 48518 128244 106164 82135 126403 105621 86788
NPV 374,634
Project Design Document Landfill Gas Recovery and Utilization in Focsani, Romania
July 2005 Version 3.0
GRUE & HORNSTRUP CONSULTING ENGINEERS A/S in cooperation with LFG Consult Aps
050719_1_PDD Focsani v3.0 .doc
Page 77 of 79
Annex F.1: Baseline Calculations
LFG Production and Utilization Assumptions
Production - Extraction - Utilization Year
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Model Output (LFG Production)
LFG Production (Nm/h) 0 410 389 355 318 282 250 221
LFG Production (1000 Nm/yr) 0 3,592 3,408 3,110 2,786 2,470 2,190 1,936
Model Output (LFG Extraction)
LFG Extraction (Nm/h) 0 205 300 273 245 217 193 170
LFG Extraction (1000 Nm/yr) 0 1,796 2,624 2,395 2,145 1,902 1,686 1,491
Utilization of LFG (Extracted LFG with 8000 hours of equipment operation)
LFG (1000 Nm/yr) 0 1,640 2,396 2,187 1,959 1,737 1,540 1,361
Constants and Values for the Methodology
Symbol Unit Value Ref.
GWP_CH4 xCO2 21
1
CEF_electiricity,y tCO2e/MWh 0.58
2
AF 0
w_CH4,y m3 CH4/ m3 LFG 0.5
D_CH4 tCH4/m3 CH4 0.0007168
1
FE % 99%
EF_NG_CO2y tCO2/TJ 56.1
1
EV_NG TJ /1000 m3 0.0358
Annual Operation Times
Hours / yr % of yr
t_flare 424 4.84%
t_thermal 8000 91.32%
t_no-operation 336 3.84%
1. Revised IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Reference Manual
2. ERPUT5 PDD guidelines - Emisisons for electricity generation
Project Design Document Landfill Gas Recovery and Utilization in Focsani, Romania
July 2005 Version 3.0
GRUE & HORNSTRUP CONSULTING ENGINEERS A/S in cooperation with LFG Consult Aps
050719_1_PDD Focsani v3.0 .doc
Page 78 of 79
Emission Reductions from direct LFG Combustion
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 TOTAL
Equation : ERy_LFG = (MD_project,y - MD_reg,y) x GWP_CH4
ERy_LFG (tCO2e) 12,991 18,981 17,322 15,517 13,760 12,199 10,784 101,554
Equation : MD_reg,y = MD_project,y x AF
MD_reg,y (tCH4) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Equation : MD_project,y = MD_flare,y + MD_thermal,y
MD_project,y (tCH4) 619 904 825 739 655 581 514 4,836
Equation : MD_flare,y = LFG_flare,y x w_CH4,y x D_CH4 x FE
MD_flared,y (tCH4) 31 45 41 37 33 29 26 241
Equation : MD_thermal,y = LFG_thermal,y x w_CH4,y x D_CH4
MD_thermal,y (tCH4) 588 859 784 702 623 552 488 4,595
Equation : LFG_flare,y = LFG_recovered,y x t_flare
LFG_flare,y (m3) 86,920 127,001 115,900 103,821 92,067 81,620 72,152 679,481
Equation : LFG_thermal,y = LFG_recovered,y x t_thermal
LFG_thermal,y (m3) 1,640,000 2,396,240 2,186,800 1,958,880 1,737,120 1,540,000 1,361,360 12,820,400
LFG_recovered,y
LFG_recovered,y 1,795,800 2,623,883 2,394,546 2,144,974 1,902,146 1,686,300 1,490,689 14,038,338
Emission Reductions from Fuel Switch under the Project Activity
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 TOTAL
Equation : ERy_FS = Q_NGy x EF_NG_CO2y
ER y_FS (tCO2e) 1,647 2,406 2,196 1,967 1,744 1,546 1,367 12,874
Equation : Q_NGy = LFG_thermal,y x EV_NG x w_CH4,y
Q_NGy (TJ ) 29.36 42.89 39.14 35.06 31.09 27.57 24.37 229.49
Leakages 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 TOTAL
Electricity Used : LE_y = PE_y x CEF_electricity,y
LE_y (tCO2e) 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 650
PE_y (MWh) 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 1120
Project Design Document Landfill Gas Recovery and Utilization in Focsani, Romania
July 2005 Version 3.0
GRUE & HORNSTRUP CONSULTING ENGINEERS A/S in cooperation with LFG Consult Aps
050719_1_PDD Focsani v3.0 .doc
Page 79 of 79
Annex F.2: Emissions Reduction Calculations
Emission Reductions from LFG Use and Fuel Switch (Combined)
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 TOTAL
Equation : ERy = ERy_LFG + ERy_FS - LEy
ER y_LFG (tCO2e) 12,991 18,981 17,322 15,517 13,760 12,199 10,784 101,554
ER y_FS (tCO2e) 1,647 2,406 2,196 1,967 1,744 1,546 1,367 12,874
LE y (tCO2e) 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 650
ER y (tCO2e) 14,545 21,295 19,425 17,391 15,412 13,652 12,058 113,779