1. Traditional unions in the US are struggling due to outsourcing of manufacturing jobs and declining union membership and support over the past few decades. However, public sector unions have stronger support.
2. The National Labor Relations Board oversees union elections and representation. For a union to represent employees, a majority of workers in the appropriate bargaining unit must vote for the union. Employers cannot interfere in the election process.
3. Once elected, the union is the exclusive bargaining agent for the employees and must bargain in good faith with the employer over mandatory subjects like wages and hours. The agreement is enforced through a grievance process culminating in binding arbitration if needed.
1. Traditional unions in the US are struggling due to outsourcing of manufacturing jobs and declining union membership and support over the past few decades. However, public sector unions have stronger support.
2. The National Labor Relations Board oversees union elections and representation. For a union to represent employees, a majority of workers in the appropriate bargaining unit must vote for the union. Employers cannot interfere in the election process.
3. Once elected, the union is the exclusive bargaining agent for the employees and must bargain in good faith with the employer over mandatory subjects like wages and hours. The agreement is enforced through a grievance process culminating in binding arbitration if needed.
1. Traditional unions in the US are struggling due to outsourcing of manufacturing jobs and declining union membership and support over the past few decades. However, public sector unions have stronger support.
2. The National Labor Relations Board oversees union elections and representation. For a union to represent employees, a majority of workers in the appropriate bargaining unit must vote for the union. Employers cannot interfere in the election process.
3. Once elected, the union is the exclusive bargaining agent for the employees and must bargain in good faith with the employer over mandatory subjects like wages and hours. The agreement is enforced through a grievance process culminating in binding arbitration if needed.
Union Auto or!"rs (UA) S"r#ic" Em$loy""s %nt"rnation Union (SE%U) - nurs"s& s"curity 'uar(s& )anitors& "tc* A+L-C%, - Am"rican +"("ration of Labor an( Con'r"ss of %n(ustrial or!"rs -ni'.ts of Labor Recent Trends - /ra(itional unions un("rcut by c."a$"r labor abroa( an( ("cr"as"s in manufacturin'0 construction from lac! of in#"stm"nt an( $ri#at" consum$tion - A+L-C%, is for tra(itional manuifacturin'& contstruction& trans$ortation 1S* C.an'" to in f"("ration -2 t3o lar'"st - Union su$$ort .as b""n ("clinin' o#"r $ast f"3 y"ars* 4ublic s"ctor unions .a#" stron'"r su$$ort& .o3"#"r* - +a#orabl" union con(itions (lo3"rin' $ay& cuttin' b"n"fits& "tc)& but still (ro$ in m"mb"rs.i$& $ossibly (u" to union corru$tion History - /ransition from a'rarian to in(ustrial soci"ty5 3or!"rs $ai( #"ry& #"ry littl" for lon' .ours& c.il(r"n 3or!"(& .orribl" 3or!in' con(itions* - 6ic. $"o$l" 3"r" 3"alt.y b"yon( ("scri$tion - -ni'.ts of labor& first ma)or or'ani7ation a(mittin' 3or!"rs of any occu$ation& '"n("r& nationality* 8o 'ambl"rs& ban!"rs& stoc!bro!"rs& an( li9uor ("al"rs* :"(icat"( to social r"form& but 'oals 3"r" to broa( an( far to 'i#" imm"(iat" r"li"f* Bi' (i#isions in $.iloso$.y brou'.t t."m (o3n* - A+L-C%, 3"r" fi"rc" ri#als but )oin"( in 1;<< Unions and the Developing Law - 8orris-La=uar(ia Act (1;>?) @r"straint of tra("A in S."rman Antitrust Act (1B;0) (i( not inclu(" labor or'ani7ations - a'n"r Act (1;><)& ami( risin' t"nsions& 'a#" 3or!"rs for t." first tim" t." un"9ui#ocal ri'.t to or'ani7" an( "n'a'" in conc"rt"( acti#iti"s for t."ir mutual ai( an( b"n"fit* %nclu("(& 3"r" ill"'al unfair labor $ractic"s* Also "stablis."( 8ational Labor 6"lations Boar( (8L6B) - Lan(rum-=riffin Act (1;<;) r"9uir"( unions to !""$ r"cor(s of t."ir fun(s& an( $ro.ibits unions from l"n(in' mon"y& "xc"$t un("r s$"cial circumstanc"s (r"(uc"s corru$tion)* Also cr"at"( bill of ri'.ts for union m"mb"rs by r"9uirin' union m""tin's& m"mb"rs can s$"a! an( #ot"& all "m$loy""s co#"r"( by coll"cti#" bar'ainin' a'r""m"nt can s"" sai( a'r""m"nt& an( any 3or!"r 3.o '"ts (isci$linary actions '"ts a r"ason C ."arin'* El"ctions for Labor Unions 1) C.oosin' a Bar'ainin' 6"$r"s"ntati#" 8L6B r"9uir"s5 "m$loy"" fr""(om of c.oic" an( stabl" coll"cti#" bar'ainin' Election Petition - A union& "m$loy""& or "m$loy"r b"'ins a $"tition 3it. t." 8L6B* 4"tition is s"nt to "m$loy"r to notify t."m& an( "m$loy"r must $ost notic" to "m$loy""s - Em$loy"r can ac!no3l"('" union int"r"st an( "n'a'" in bar'ainin'5 voluntary recognition - Som"tim"s& union n""(s to s.o3 ma)ority su$$ort of "m$loy""s* Us" car( c."c! m"t.o(& 3."r" "m$loy""s si'n aut.ori7ation car(s* - %f un("r car( c."c!& antiunion "m$loy""s .a#" 4< (ays to $"tition t." boar( for a s"cr"t ballot to decertify t." union& or su$$ort a ri#al union* B"for" court cas" (:ana Cor$oration0D"tal(yn")& must .a#" 3ait"( 1? mont.s for t." "l"ction* - %f r"co'nition fail"(& 8L6B r"9uir"s at l"ast >0E of "m$loy""s in bar'ainin' unit (in $ractic"& <0-6<E* Before Election - 8L6B must a((r"ss5 is $ro$os"( bar'ainin' unit a$$ro$riat" for t." "l"ction ($r"#ious unions& timin' of "l"ction& "tc*) Appropriate Bargaining Unit - Establis."( by community int"r"st amon' "m$loy""s - Dust .a#" common int"r"sts -2 stability - Su$"r#isors ar" not inclu("(& b"caus" t." act on b".alf of "m$loy"r* %nclu("s t.os" t.at (u" su$"r#isor tas!s 10-1<E of t." tim" - 8L6A (o"s not co#"r in("$"n("nt contractors (+"("x (ri#"rs not inclu("() Solicitation - Lechmere court cas" (1;;?)5 "m$loy"rs (o not .a#" to allo3 union or'ani7"rs on t."ir $ro$"rty t.at ar"nFt also "m$loy""s - Salts G union or'ani7"rs a$$lyin' 3it. int"ntion of unioni7in'* Em$loy"rs canFt (iscriminat" on t.is* - S"" almart cas" Election for Union Representation - ,nly ma)ority of t.os" at t." "l"ction is n""("( - 8L6B monitors to ma!" t."m fr"" of un(u"0unfair influ"nc" from "m$loy"r or any numb"r of unions - 6acist $ro$a'an(a G s"ttin' asi(" "l"ction - Disr"$r"s"ntation us"( to b" a r"ason& but not anymor"* 8o3& bur("n on t." $arti"s to corr"ct misr"$r"s"ntations* 8L6B only int"r#"n"s if misr"$* %s too ("c"$ti#" (for'"( (ocum"nts) for $arti"s to t"ll* - Em$loy"rs can s$"a! out a'ainst unions 3it. a(s& s$""c."s& "tc* -2 /aft-Hartl"y Act Threats of Reprisal or Force Pro!ise of Benefit - Em$loy"r cannot (iscriminat"0$unis. t.os" for union acti#ity - Stat"m"nts bas"( on ob)"cti#" facts not un("r mana'"m"nt control ar" o!ay - 4romis"s (from "m$loy"r) ar" also unla3ful b"caus" t."y can influ"nc" t." "l"ction - Dulti-A( Court cas" Union Pers"asion - Unions also limit"( in $r""l"ction $"rsuasion - Unions .a#" mor" fl"xibility 3it. $romis" of b"n"fit Re!edies for Election #iscond"ct - 8"3 "l"ction can b" call"( for Decertification $ Aft"r union r"co'ni7"(& "m$loy""s can r"sist t." union or los" confi("nc" - +il" a ("c"rtification $"tition 3it. 8L6B* Dust s.o3 >0EC su$$ort - El"ction for if t." union stays* - %f ("c"rtifi"(& usually on" y"ar b"for" n"3 r"$r"s"ntation "l"ction* %ithdrawal of Recognition - Em$loy"r can 3it.(ra3 r"co'nition of union if ma)ority of "m$loy""s (onFt su$$ort (n""(s ob)"cti#" "#i("nc"& li!" $"tition) - 4"tition lan'ua'" must s.o3 "m$loy"" ("sir" to ("clin" r"$r"s"ntation Escaping the Union - Dana'"m"nt can ("clar" ban!ru$tcy to "sca$" union aft"r "l"ction - La3lful only aft"r sinc"r" bar'ainin' an( con#incin' ban!ru$tcy court t.at fairn"ss r"9uir"s mo(ification or r")"ction of a'r""m"nt - Com$any can also )ust s.ut(o3n* ,nly unla3ful if t." only r"ason 3as to (iscoura'" union "fforts at ot."r $lac"s - Runaway shop & closin' an almost unioni7"( $lant an( o$"nin' "ls"3."r" t.atFs l"ss union int"r"st"(* %f t." mo#" is to t.3art union int"r"st& unla3ful* ,t."r3is"& la3ful* Union as E'cl"sive Bargaining Agent - Union is "xclusi#" a'"nt - :"t"rmin"s if an "m$loy"r .as fail"( to ("monstrat" 'oo( fait. 3.il" bar'ainin' - Em$loy"r must ("al 3it. r"$r"s"ntati#" for t." unit* Em$loy"r cannot ("al 3it. som"on" "ls"& or (ir"ctly to t." "m$loy""s Coll"cti#" Bar'ainin' - 6"9uir"s $arti"s to m""t at r"asonabl" tim"s an( conf"r in 'oo( fait. 3it. r"s$"ct to 3a'"s& .ours& an( ot."r t"rms an( con(itions of "m$loym"nt* :,ES 8,/ r"9uir" t."m to r"ac. an a'r""m"nt Bargaining in (ood Faith 1) Em$loy"r must ma!" s"rious att"m$t to a()ust (iff"r"nc"s an( r"ac. common 'roun(* Dust .a#" o$"n min( an( 3ant to r"ac. a'r""m"nt ?) Count"r$ro$osals 3."n ot."r $artyFs $ro$osal is r")"ct"( >) 4osition on contract t"rms cannot b" r"$"at"(ly c.an'"( #andatory Bargaining S")*ects - a'"s& Hours& ,t."r t"rms an( con(itions of "m$loym"nt - Still many 9u"stions on .o3 ("tail"( (iscussions n""( to b" - ="n"rally& balanc" > factors5 "ff"ct of ("cision on 3or!"rs (.o3 (ir"ct& 3.at "xt"nt is it f"lt)& ("'r"" to 3.ic. t." bar'ainin' 3oul( cr"at" an intrusion into "ntr"$r"n"urial int"r"st0union affairs& an( .istoric $ractic" at com$any or in(ustry* Per!issive and Prohi)ited Bargaining S")*ects - (3.at "ls" can b" (iscuss"(H) - /."s" sub)"cts cannot b" $ursu"( so muc. t.at it bloc!s bar'ainin' - 6"fusal to bar'ain (o"s not #iolat" t." 8L6A - %nclu("s alt"ration of bar'ainin' unit& int"rnal union affairs& an( stri!" s"ttl"m"nts - S"" Col'at"04almoli#" cas" A(minist"rin' t." A'r""m"nt - Constantly r"sol#in' grievances (Col'at"04alm ,li#") 22 informal (iscussion& t."n 3ritt"n com$laint& t."n com$laint s.o3n to mana'"m"nt by r"$r"s"ntati#" Ar)itration - %f n"'otiation fails& a'r""m"nt $ro#i("s for final and binding arbitration& unl"ss s$"cifically "x"m$ts t.is - Exc"$t for rar" "xc"$tions& $arti"s cannot as! courts to s"t asi(" arbitration ("cision Fair Representation $ Union is to $roc"ss all 'ri"#anc"s& inclu(in' t.at of "m$loy"r - Union may coll"cti#"ly bar'ain for a'r""m"nt if in(i#i(ual m"mb"rsF "m$loym"nt (iscrimination claims ar" submitt"( to arbitration* Stri!"s Unfair La)or practice stri+es, Ex5 "m$loy"r int"rf"rin' 3it. union acti#iti"s or not bar'ainin' in 'oo( fait* Stri!"rs can b" t"m$orarily& but not $"rman"ntly& r"$lac"( Econo!ic stri+es, ("#"ryt.in' "ls")* Us"( as "conomic 3"a$ons to $"rsua(" "m$loy"rs for b"tt"r b"n"fits or 3or!in' con(itions* Stri!"rs cannot usually b" fir"(& but can b" $"rman"ntly r"$lac"(* - 6"a'an (ismiss"( 11&>00 air traffic controll"rs in 1;B1* Da(" $ri#at" com$ani"s r"ass"s t."ir r"luctanc" to us" r"$lac"m"nts (urin' an( aft"r stri!"s* - S"" :iamon( alnut =ro3"rs cas" Pic+eting and Boycotts $ 4ic!"tin' $ublici7"s t."ir conc"rns an( $r"ssur"s "m$loy"rs* -in( of li!" $rot"stin' - 4rimary $ic!"tin' is aim"( (ir"ctly at "m$loy"r t.at t."y .a#" (is$ut" 3it.* Cannot b" #iol"nt or co"rci#"* - S"con(ary 4ic!"tin' is (ir"ct"( at anot."r $arty t.at can t.r"at"n0$ut $r"ssur" on t." main $arty* ="n"rally& t.is is unla3ful* Loc+o"ts - Dana'"m"nt loc!s (oors to som" or all of "m$loy""s - Allo3"( to $r"#"nt sabota'" or #iol"nc"& but cannot b" ("si'n"( to int"rf"r" 3it. l"'itimat" union acti#ity - Loc!outs .a#" com" u$ a lot in s$orts r"c"ntly Consum"r 4rot"ction State Laws - Ho3 'o#"rnm"ntal m"asur"s $ro#i(" s."lt"r in t." mar!"t$lac" - 4ay(ay loans an( l"mon sal"s ar" r"'ulat"( - L"mon sal"s5 r"9uir"( in all stat"s for consum"r 3.os" n"3 #".icl"s ar" ("f"cti#"* .at 9ualifi"s as a l"mon car (iff"rs from stat" to stat"* /y$ically& #".icl" must b" r"turn"( to t." manufactur"r or ("al"r >-4 tim"s for r"$air or t." #".icl" 3as una#ailabl" for >0C (ays out of 1? mont.s* - S"" Si$" 1* or!.ors" Custom C.assis Federal Laws and -ons"!er Protection Agencies - -ons"!er Financial Protection B"rea", Cr"at"( as a (ir"ct r"s$ons" to r"c"nt financial calamity* Aut.ori7"( by t." ?010 :o((-+ran! all Str""t 6"form an( Consum"r 4rot"ction Act* Enforc"s rul"s on consum"r financial $ro(ucts an( s"r#ic"s* Also $romot"s Am"rican financial lit"racy Bur"auFs n"3 rul"s sub)"ct to cost0b"n"fit r"#i"3s& an( can b" s"t asi(" by ?0> #ot" from +inancial Stability ,#"rsi'.t Council ,$$on"nts ar" 3orri"( 'o#"rnm"nt r"'ulation 3ill r"(uc" t." a#ailability of cr"(it - Federal Trade -o!!ission Cr"at"( in 1;14 to $r"#"nt @unfair m"t.o(s of com$"tition an( unfair or ("c"$ti#" acts or $ractic"s in an( aff"ctin' comm"rc"A* An unfair tra(" $ractic"5 1) Li!"ly to caus" substantial in)ury to consum"rs ?) must not b" r"asonably a#oi(abl" by consum"rs >) must not b" out3"i'."( by count"r#ailin' b"n"fits to consum"rs or com$"tition Iuality Claims5 @f"3"r calori"sA& @mor" "ff"cti#"A& "tc* Day b" ("c"$ti#"& unl"ss factually su$$ortabl"* Has a lot of rul"-ma!in' $o3"r5 :o8otCall 6"'istry an( r"straints conc"rnin' c"l"brity& "x$"rt& an( consum"r r"#i"3s0"n(ors"m"nts (if t."yFr" misl"a(in' or fals") +/C can in#"sti'at" sus$icious tra(" $ractic"s (as a r"sult of a com$laint& or on t."ir o3n)* +/C cannot c.ar'" any criminal sanctions - -ons"!er Prod"ct Safety -o!!ission 4rot"cts from unr"asonabl" ris! of in)ury an( ("at. from $ro(ucts Un("rstaff"(0un("rfun("( -2 4ublic attac! on ?00J r"call of .i'. l"#"ls of l"a( in toys ,$$on"nts ar'u" t.at C4SC rul"s mi'.t b" too "x$"nsi#" (cost #s* B"n"fit) ="n"rally $lac"s rul"s an( or("rs r"calls& but rar"ly (o"s bans (suc. as (ro$ si(" baby cribs) - Food and Dr"g Ad!inistration :"ci("s 3."n (ru's ar" allo3"( to "nt"r t." mar!"t (only 3."n b"n"fits 2 costs) +:A $ass"s #"ry f"3 (ru's "#"ry y"ar& to muc. criticism (too $ic!y an( slo3)* But t." ar'um"nt is t.at $"o$l"Fs li#"s ar" at sta!" 6"'ulat"s tobacco 22 canFt b" a(#"rtis"( to minors& cannot us" most fla#orin'& an( t"rms li!" @li'.tA& @lo3A& an( @mil(A* +oo( saf"ty r"'ulation to $r"#"nt foo( $oisonin' outbr"a!s* Dost of r"s$onsibility on farm"rs an( foo( com$ani"s +:A .in("r"( by lar'" amount of im$orts* 8o man$o3"r0fun(s to #isit for"i'n $lants $ -ons"!er Privacy Dars.alls #uln"rability l"a( to 40 million car( numb"rs stol"n %("ntity /."ft aff"cts 1< million Am"ricans at a cost of K<0 billion& annually Com$ani"s $ay an a#"ra'" of K6*6 million to r"stor" t."ir bran( %nt"rnational Et.ics an( La3s - =lobali7ation is br"a!in' (o3n national boun(ari"s by allo3in' fr"" int"rc.an'" of $"o$l"& communications& s"r#ic"s& 'oo(s& busin"ss& in#"stm"nts& an( i("as - =lobal lo'os& suc. as Coca-Cola an( Dc:onal(s - Ho3 (o"s la3 aff"ct 'lobal busin"ssH The .nternational Environ!ent - orl( /ra(" ,r'ani7ation .as 1<> m"mb"rs of #aryin' $olitical an( "conomic $arti"s* All 3ant to furt."r t."ir national an( 'lobal "conomy - /, b"li"#"s r"(uction of tariffs an( barri"rs to tra(" 3ill cr"at" "conomic 'ro3t. Trade /egotiations - Unit"( Stat"s an( EU .a#" .u'" (om"stic farm subsi(y $ro'rams* :"#"lo$in' nations ob)"ct b"caus" t." subsi(i"s allo3 ric. nations to floo( t." 'lobal mar!"t an( im$"(" ("#"lo$in' nations t.at r"ly on a'ricultur" for "x$orts - Unit"( Stat"s $us. C.ina to lo3"r tariffs on manufactur"( 'oo(s - African nations $us. Am"rican cotton subsi(i"s as t."y caus" many 'ro3"rs to suff"r in $o#"rty Trade /egotiations $ Dany r"'ional tra(" a'r""m"nts5 ="n"ral A'r""m"nt on /ariffs an( /ra(" (=A//) an( 8ort. Am"rica +r"" /ra(" A'r""m"nt (8A+/A)* - 6"'ional common mar!"ts5 DE6C,SU6 Common Dar!"t an( East African Community* E"ropean Union $ EU is ma(" u$ of ?J countri"s& 3it. constant str"am of n"3 a$$licants - Dor" $o$ulation t.an US& an( lar'"r =:4 (lo)ali0ation and -o"ntervailing Forces - =lobali7ation is not uniformly b"n"ficial - +r"" tra(" can (isru$t cultural an( .istorical i("ntiti"s& as 3"ll as s$r"a( (is"as" - Som" $olitical structur"s ar" not com$atibl" 3it. som" "conomic structur"s Ethics Across .nternational Borders - 6"li'ion oft"n $ro#i("s t." foun(ation for a cultur"Fs "t.ical structur" - S"$aration of c.urc. an( stat" is !"y in t." USA& but (o"snFt "xist in %slamic countri"s - Crim"s in %slam5 Ha( (f"loni"s& $r" "stablis."( $unis.m"nts)& /a7ir (mis("m"anors& "m$.asis on soci"tal or $ublic int"r"st)& I"sas (com$"nsation 'i#"n to #ictim as @r"#"n'"A) ---2 1"ry (iff"r"nt Laws and Social /or!s for Dress - US $ro.ibits "#"n $artial $ublic nu(ity* Dany sc.ools ."r" .a#" (r"ss co("s - %n ?010& +ranc" $ro.ibit"( $"o$l" from conc"alin' t."ir fac"s* (mostly aff"cts Duslims& but int"nt is un!no3n) Social Responsi)ility to Host -o"ntry - :o"s a firm .a#" social r"s$onsibility to t." .ost country b"yon( 3.at is r"9uir"( by t." mar!"t an( t." la3 of t.at countryH - /.in!5 lar'" com$ani"s t.at outsourc" c."a$ labor& li!" 8i!"* %s t."r" any r"s$onsibility for t." countri"s 3it. t." s3"ats.o$sH 8ot"& it may not al3ays b" in t." countryFs b"st int"r"st to acc"$t r"s$onsibility (no c.il( labor& "tc*) S")standard %or+ing -onditions 1sweatshops2 $ +r"" mar!"t "conomists ar'u" t.at s3"ats.o$s ar" n"c"ssary an( b"n"ficial* All in(ustriali7"( nations .a( a s3"ats.o$ sta'" t.at 3as n"c"ssary as it l"#"ra'"s com$arati#" a(#anta'" (c."a$ labor #s* E(ucat"( 3or!forc" in ("#"lo$"( nations)* Social Responsi)ility to Ho!e -o"ntry $ US r"9uir"s firms to follo3 /itl" 1%% of Ci#il 6i'.ts Act of 1;64 (1;;1 Am"n(m"nt)* .il" '"n("r (iscrimination may b" $r"#al"nt in t." mi((l" "ast& firms cannot (iscriminat" - unl"ss it #iolat"s a .ost countryFs la3s* The Foreign -orr"pt Practices Act 1F-PA2 $ 4ro.ibits US busin"ss from ma!in' $aym"nts or 'ifts to officials for t." $ur$os" of influ"ncin' busin"ss ("cisions - .istl"blo3"rs r"c"i#" 10 to >0 $"rc"nt of any fin" coll"ct"( by t." 'o#"rnm"nt Social Responsi)ility to H"!anity - As 'lobali7ation s$r"a(s& 3ill 3" .a#" 'lobal stan(ar(sH Can 3" still a$$r"ciat" (i#"rsityH - Unit"( 8ations .as s"t uni#"rsal .uman ri'.ts& labor stan(ar(s& "n#ironm"nt $rot"ction& an( corru$tion stan(ar(s* ,t."r "xam$l"s ar" $r"#al"nt -opyright - =o#"rnm"nt 'rant 'i#in' t." .ol("r "xclusi#" control o#"r t." r"$ro(uction of a lit"rary& musical& or artistic 3or!* %n t." US& t.is is aut.orFs lif" C J0 y"ars* - Curr"ntly .ar( to "nforc" int"rnationally - a lot of $iratin' - Lib"l tourists5 US aut.or su"( by Sau(i Arabian un("r Britis. Lib"l court& 3.ic. is muc. mor" l"ni"nt t.an Am"ricas* /.is is $"rmitt"( b"caus" t." boo!s 3"r" a#ailabl" an( $urc.as"( in t." U-* /." ("f"n(ant (aut.or) .as to $ro#i(" "#i("nc" t.at t." stat"m"nts 3"r" tru"& but is limit"( as to 3.at counts as "#i("nc"* - US c"l"briti"s ($ublic fi'ur"s) .a#" to $ro#" actual malic" to 3in a lib"l suit - %n ?010& Con'r"ss $ass"( t." S"curin' t." 4rot"ction of our En(urin' an( Establis."( Constitutional H"rita'" (S4EECH) Act t.at ma!"s for"i'n lib"l )u('m"nts un"nforc"abl" in t." US& if t.at "nforc"m"nt 3oul( #iolat" fr"" s$""c. ri'.ts* Dole 3 Dow 4s5 /icarag"an wor+ers - A c."mical t.at 3as lin!"( to st"rility in 3or!"rs 3as bann"( in t." US* :o3& t." $ro(uc"r& ("ci("( to s"ll t." r"mainin' amount to :ol" to us" in C"ntral Am"rica banana $lantations* - Aft"r US 3or!"rs t.at b"cam" st"ril" 3on cas"s& firms b"'an cas"s for 3or!"rs in for"i'n countri"s - Almost all cas"s "n("( 3it. t." court sayin' t." cas" .a( to b" tri"( in t." country of t." aff"ct"( 3or!"rs - 8icara'ua a3ar("( a /,8 of mon"y (.alf a million C) to itFs 3or!"rs* :ol" an( :o3 .a#" bloc!"( any "nforc"m"nt of t.os" cas"s in t." US* - +rom no3 on& .o3"#"r& :ol" an( :o3 ar" s"ttl" cas"s in t." US (l"ss mon"y) #"ltinational Enterprises and -o!pliance with Law of /ations $ Ar" D8EFs liabl" if t." ta!" a(#anta'" of for"i'n 'o#"rnm"nt actors in sub(uin' a local $o$ulation ,6 com$licit in a for"i'n 'o#"rnm"ntFs $"r$"tuation of its o3n (ominanc" 3."r" t." action of t." for"i'n 'o#"rnm"nt #iolat"s t." la3 of nations - Exam$l"& S."ll .a( to $ay K1<*< million 3."n t." 8i'"rian 'o#"rnm"nt "x"cut"( anti- oil (rillin' acti#ists Court Cas"s %al!art v5 /LRB - S.i"l(ni'.t& an "m$loy""& r"ac."( out for union r"$r"s"ntation an( 3as 'i#"n aut.ori7ation car(s* - .il" off (uty& ." 3or" a s.irt t.at sai( @Union /"amst"rs*** Si'n a car( *** As! m" .o3A* /." stor" mana'"rs sa3 t.is& an( r"mo#"( .im from t." $r"mis"s as .is s.irt 3as a form of solicitation - /." n"xt tim"& ."& 3.il" on (uty& in#it"( a ("$artm"nt mana'"r an( t3o associat"s to a union m""tin'* H" as!"( t." ("$artm"nt mana'"r to si'n t." aut.ori7ation car(* - /." stor" mana'"rs .a( a #"rbal coac.in' s"ssion about 3.y S.i"l(ni'.tFs actions 3"r" not acc"$tabl"* /."y (iscuss"( .is conc"rns an( su''"st"( ." rais" t." issu" at a local almart m""tin'* - /." m""tin' n"#"r .a$$"n"( an( t." union su"( for unfair labor $ractic" a'ainst almart* - /." boar( foun( t.at S.i"l(ni'.t .a( not "n'a'"( in solicitation 3."n ."5 1) or" t." / s.irt ?) As!"( on (uty "m$loy""s to att"n( a union m""tin' >) As!"( a co3or!"r to si'n an aut.ori7ation car( 8L6B5 1) - Anyon" 3.o sa3 .is s.irt 3as fr"" to i'nor" it* Em$loy""s ar" allo3"( to 3"ar union insi'nia* S.i"l(ni'.t 3al!"( aroun( t.at ni'.t sociali7in' about non-union matt"rs* - almart ar'u"s t.at t." s.irt int"rf"r"( 3it. o$"ration of t." stor"* /." 8L6B fin(s no "#i("nc" of t.is* A=6EE: ?) - S.i"l(ni'.t sim$ly $ro#i("( notic" of t." m""tin'& but (i( not r"9uir" a r"s$ons" from .is co3or!"rs* 8ot.in' su''"sts t.at .is actions (isru$t"( almartFs o$"rations* A=6EE: >) - .il" S.i"l(ni'.t (i( not .a#" a car( in .an( 3.il" as!in' .is co3or!"r& t."r" is littl" (oubt to .is int"nt* /.is is muc. mor" analo'ous to (ir"ct solicitation* :%SA=6EE: S.i"l(ni'.t 3as solicitin'* #"lti$Ad v5 /LRB - St""l" s$o!" u$ a'ainst a n"3 (ru'-t"stin' $olicy - St""l" an( Dulti-A(Fs $r"si("nt& Clor"& b"'an to ar'u" t." $olicyFs l"'ality* St""l" r"9u"st"( for a co$y of Dutli-A(Fs la3s an( byla3s* Clor" sai( ." coul( .a#" t."s" aft"r t." m""tin'* - ."n Clor" only 'a#" .im a summary& St""l" $oint"( out ." 3ant"( t." com$l"t" t"xt* Clor" tol( .im .is la3y"r coul( '"t t."m* H" t."n as!"( St""l" to l"a#" t." com$any* - St""l" lat"r a$olo'i7"( for .is b".a#ior an( as!"( to (iscuss t." 3or!"rFs conc"rns* ."n ("ni"(& ." tol( mana'"m"nt ."F( fin( union r"$r"s"ntation* His mana'"r as!"( .im to .ol( until ." 3as bac! from #acation* St""l" 3ait"(* - Dana'"m"nt as!"( 3.at it 3oul( ta!" to satisfy St""l"* /."y m"ntion"( a )ob t.at (i( not "xist& 3.ic. St""l" 3as int"r"st"( in* H" lac!"( t." 9ualifications& but (i( not 3ant t." )ob lat"r* - %n a lat"r m""tin'& .is su$"r#isor tol( .im .is ("$artm"nt 3oul( b" t." first to 'o if t."y unioni7"(* - St""l" lat"r as!"( for t." la3s0byla3s 3.il" on #acation& an( 3as l"a( to an offic" 3."n ." 'ot bac!* ."n t." ("ni"( .im t." (ocum"nts& ." "xcus"( .ims"lf from t." m""tin'* His su$"r#isor t.r"at"n"( to fir" .im if ." (i(nFt com" bac!* St""l" !"$t 3al!in'& an( 3as fir"( for 3al!in' out on multi$l" m""tin's& t.ou'. ." 3as n"#"r r"$riman("( b"for"* - /." union fil"( an unfair labor c.ar'" a'ainst Dulti-A(* /."y all"'"( Dulti-A( #iolat"( t." 8L6A by 1) Co"rci#"ly int"rro'atin' St""l" about .is int"r"st in formin' a union ?) %m$li"( $romisin' to ."l$ St""l" im$ro#" .is situation s"$arat"ly >) /.r"at"nin' to clos" t." bin("ry ("$artm"nt if its "m$loy""s unioni7"( 4) :isc.ar'in' St""l" for att"m$tin' to unioni7" /." union 3on& an( Dulti-A( fil"( for r"#i"3* 8L6B su$$orts on all accounts* 1) as co"rci#" sinc" it 3as a clos"( (oor m""tin' full of mana'"m"nt ?) =a#" .im an int"r#i"3 for a )ob t.at 3asnFt a#ailabl" >) /." t.r"at 3as r"al as ot."r "m$loy""s f"lt t." sam" t.r"at 4) /imin' of St""l"Fs firin' .a( substantial "#i("nc" to b" lin!"( to .is union acti#iti"s -olgate$Pal!olive -o5 - %t 3as (isco#"r"( t.at Col'at" .a( many .i(("n cam"ras n"ar "xits an( bat.rooms to monitor 3or!"rs* /." union fil"( a 'ri"#anc"& but Col'at" stoo( firm in t.at it .a( t." ri'.t to (o so* /." union ("man("( to bar'ain o#"r t." cam"ras& but Col'at" r"fus"(* 8L6B5 1) Dan(atory sub)"cts ar" '"rman" to t." 3or!in' "n#ironm"nt& an( not a mana'"rial ("cision* /." installation of cam"ras is muc. li!" $.ysical "xams an( (ru' t"sts* /."y ar" all in#"sti'ati#" tools not allo3"( (u" to $ri#acy conc"rns* ?) /." cam"ras ar" not "ntr"$r"n"urial in c.aract"r* .il" t."y aim to r"(uc" 3or!$lac" t."ft an( miscon(uct& t."y ar" not "ntr"$r"n"urial in c.aract"r* Col'at" 3as r"9uir"( to5 1) C"as" an( ("sist from r"fusin' to bar'ain 3it. t." union ?) ,n r"9u"st& bar'ain coll"cti#"ly 3it. t." union on cam"ras an( ot."r matt"rs >) 4ost a notic" to all "m$loy""s r"'ar(in' t." $r"#ious t3o* Dia!ond %aln"t (rowers - /." 3or!"rs 3"nt on a bitt"r stri!"& inclu(in' a boycott in 3.ic. m"mb"rs (istribut"( l"afl"ts about t." nasty 9uality of :iamon( 3alnuts - Aft"r a y"ar or so& "l"ctions for unioni7ation fail"( an( 3"r" 3aitin' for a n"3 "l"ction* A 'rou$ of 3or!"rs a'r""( to com" bac! to 3or!& uncon(itionally* :iamon( $lac"( t.r"" 3or!"rs in lo3"r $ositions t.an t."y us"( to b" in* 1) illa Dill"r 3as a 9uality control su$"r#isor& an( 3as $lac"( in a s"asonal $ac!in' $osition& "#"n t.ou'. an ins$"ction )ob 3as a#ailabl"* ?) Duno7 3as a lift truc! o$"rator an( 3as 'i#"n a s"asonal )ob crac!in' an( ins$"ctin' nuts* >) -ussair 3as an air s"$arator mac.in" o$"rator an( 3as also 'i#"n a s"asonal crac!in' an( ins$"ctin' )ob* 8L6B5 :iamon( .a( no l"'al obli'ation to ta!" t." 3or!"rs bac!* But onc" t."y (i(& t."y coul( not (iscriminat"* /"st from +l""t3oo(5 3as t." (iscrimination bas"( on t."ir union acti#ityH /." bur("n to "stablis. t.at it 3as not is on t." "m$loy"r* 1) Duno75 :iamon( f"ar"( for ."r saf"ty& as non-stri!" 3or!"rs mi'.t attac! ."r an( t.at s." mi'.t b" tryin' to sabota'" t." $lant* /." 8L6B a'r""s 3it. t." lo3"r boar( in t.at& $uttin' ."r in a lo3"r $ayin' )ob (o"s not incr"as" ."r saf"tyL Duno7 (i( not t.r"at"n anyt.in' s$"cific to sabota'" 3.il" on stri!"L t."r" is al3ays t." c.anc" t.at 3or!"rs aft"r a stri!" may commit sabota'"* /.at ris! is not "nou'. to )ustify t.is& .o3"#"r* A=6EE: ?) Dill"r5 /.is is a (iff"r"nt matt"r an( :iamon(Fs busin"ss )ustification is substantial* Dill"r 3as $art of t." boycott t.at claim"( t." com$anyFs nuts 3"r" ba(* B"in' on t." $ro(uct lin" 'i#"s ."r a $"rf"ct o$$ortunity to sabota'"& a s$"cial moti#" (fail"( stri!")& an( littl" ris! of (isco#"ry* :%SA=6EE: Sipe 45 %or+horse -"sto! -hassis 1cons"!er protection2 - Si$" $urc.as"( a motor .om" 3.os" c.assis 3as manufactur"( by or!.ors"* - S.ortly aft"r ." bou'.t it& t." motor 'a#" troubl"* %t stall"( on t.r"" occasions an( brou'.t it in for r"$air* /." ("al"r foun( not.in' 3ron' 3it. t." motor an( ma(" no r"$airs* /." "n'in" stallin' .as not $r"#"nt"( .im from usin' t." motor .om"& .o3"#"r* - %n +"b ?006& Si$" tri"( to s"ll t." motor .om" for ;4*;! (bou'.t at 10<*6! in ?004)* Aft"r r"c"i#in' t3o lo3 off"rs& ." r"(uc"( t." $ric" to B4*;!& but still coul( not s"ll it* - %n ?00J& ." (isco#"r"( t." transmission flui( .a( l"a!"( an( t." ("al"r r"fus"( to r"$air or (ia'nos"* - Si$" brou'.t t.is to court as a #iolation of Dinn"sotaFs l"mon la3 L"mon La35 /." manufactur"r .as to ma!" r"$airs if t." consum"r r"$orts t." $robl"m 3it.in ? y"ars aft"r ("li#"ry (at" or t." "n( of t." 3arranty& 3.ic."#"r is "arli"r* 1) En'in" Stalls5 Si$" .a( no "#i("nc" to s.o3 t." stalls substantially im$ari"( t." mar!"t #alu" or $r"#"nt"( .im from 'oin' any3."r"* Si$" also .as not "x$"ri"nc"( on" sinc" ?00<* His t"stimony s"als t.is a3ay* %n r"'ar(s to s"llin'& itFs im$ossibl" to attribut" t." lo3 off"rs to t." stallin'* H" (i(nFt m"ntion t." stallin' on .is $osts& an( itFs .i'.ly li!"ly no on" 3is."s to buy a motor .om"* ?) H" r"c"i#"( t." motor .om" in ,ct ?004& an( r"c"i#"( a > y"ar 3arranty* Un("r L"mon La3& ." .a( to r"$ort t." transmission flui( $robl"m 3it.in ? y"ars* %n ?00J& t.is 3as too lat"* #inding the #inders 1article2 - 8ational Hi'.3ay /raffic Saf"ty A(ministration (8H/SA) forc"( to ans3"r for not $rot"ctin' consum"rs - +aulty =D i'nition s3itc. im$licat"( in 1> ("at.s - 8H/SA (i( not (isco#"r t." saf"ty $robl"m& an( (i( not forc" t." r"calls* %n fact& 8H/SA (i( not o$"n a formal in#"sti'ation 3."n ("at.s .it t." n"3s - 8H/SA .as a bu('"t of K10 million t.at .as s.run!"n 3it. inflation* =o#t* 6"'ulation is not r"3ar("(& "s$"cially 3it. a 6"$ublican Hous"* - Bus.-si'n"( la3 'i#"s com$ani"s a loo$.ol" to not fil" 9uart"rly 3arnin's& if ("clar"( a busin"ss s"cr"t* %t also limits t." fin"s 8H/SA can ass"s& an( (o"s not allo3 for criminal $"nalti"s* Att"m$ts to a((r"ss t."s" loo$.ol"s0limits 3"r" bloc!"( in ?010* - =D also .a( a faulty i'nition s3itc. t.at $r"#"nt"( airba's from ("$loyin'* Aft"r t." ("at. of multi$l" $"o$l"& 8H/SA in#"sti'at"(* =D a$$ar"ntly co#"r"( u$ by .a#in' t." mo(ifi"( i'nition !"y .a#" t." sam" $arts numb"r as t." ("f"cti#" on"* - Dany mor" $"o$l" (i"( from t." i'nition $robl"m* 8H/SA ("ci("( a'ainst an in#"sti'ation b"caus" it coul( not i("ntify a cl"ar tr"n( r"lat"( to air ba's or i'nition s3itc.in's amon' ot."r factors* - %n ?010& /oyota 3as 'i#"n a K1*? billion criminal fin" for conc"alin' information lin!"( to at l"ast < ("at.s by t." Mustic" ("$artm"nt* 8H/SA can only l"#y a K66 million fin" (small)* - 6"c"nt ris" in t.is sort of scan(al* Ho!estead Stri+e of 6789 - 6"a( t." 3i!i
Report: Informal Dialogue Between CSO and ASEAN Secretary General, Between CSO and ASEAN CPR and The 1st Jakarta Human Rights Dialogue (JHRD) Final PDF