SCIENCE YEAR5 - NOTES

A. INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS

1. MICROORGANISM
1. Microorganisms are tiny living things.
. Most o! them can only "e seen #ith the hel$ o! a han% lens or &n%er a
microsco$e.
'. (acteria) vir&s) !&ngi) $roto*oa an% algae are e+am$le o! ty$es o!
microorganisms.
,. Microorganisms &n%ergo li!e $rocesses -&st li.e other living thing.
5. Some microorganisms are &se!&l an% same are harm!&l.
/. Contagio&s %iseases can s$rea% !rom one $erson to another.
0. 1iseases can "e $revente% !rom s$rea%ing "y ta.ing $reca&tions.
2. SURVIVAL OF THE SPECIES
1. Animals ta.e care o! their eggs an% yo&ng to ens&re the s&rvival o! their
s$ecies.
. 1i!!erent animals have %i!!erent #ays o! ta.ing care or their eggs an%
yo&ng.
'. 2lants %is$erse see%s an% !r&its to ens&re the s&rvival o! their s$ecies.
,. See%s an% !r&its can "e %is$erse% "y #ater) #in%) animals or e+$losive
mechanism.
5. Shortage o! !oo% can ca&se e+tinction o! s$ecies.
3. FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB
1. 3er"ivores eat $lants) carnivores eat animal an% omnivores eat $lants an%
animal.
. A !oo% chain sho#s the relationshi$ "et#een $lants an% animals.
'. 2lants are the $ro%&cers in roo% chains.
,. Animals are the cons&mers in !oo% chins.
5. 4oo% #e"s consist o! t#o or more !oo% chains lin.e% together.
/. A change in the $o$&lation o! a s$ecies in a !oo% #e" a!!ects the
$o$&lation o! other s$ecies.
PANITIA SAINS SK HAJI HASSAN ITAM
SCIENCE YEAR5 - NOTES
B. INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY
1. ENERGY
1. Energy is nee%e% "y living thing an% non-living thing.
. 5ario&s so&rces o! energy incl&%e the S&n) !oo%) #in%) !&el an% "attery.
'. The S&n is the main so&rce o! energy.
,. 5ario&s !orms o! energy incl&%e $otential energy) .inetic energy) electrical
energy) light energy) chemical energy) heat energy an% solar energy.
5. Energy can "e trans!orme% !rom one !orm into another.
/. Rene#a"le energy is the energy that can "e re$lenishe% #hen &se &$.
0. Non-rene#a"le energy is the energy that cannot "e re$lenishe% #hen
&se% &$.
6. 7e nee% to &se energy #isely "eca&se some energy reso&rces cannot "e
re$lenishe% #hen &se &$.
8. Rene#a"le energy is "etter than non-rene#a"le energy.
2. ELECTRICITY
1. The so&rces o! electricity are %ry cell) acc&m&lator) %ynamo) solar sell an%
hy%roelectric $o#er station.
. Com$onents o! an electric circ&it can "e re$resente% &sing sym"ols.
'. The t#o ty$es o! electric circ&its are series circ&it an% $arallel circ&it.
,. The "&l"s in a $arallel circ&it are "righter than in a series circ&it.
5. Mishan%ling o! electrical a$$liances can ca&se electric shoc.) !ire) "&rn
an% electroc&tion.
/. Sa!ety $reca&tions m&st "e ta.en #hen &sing electrical a$$liances.
3. LIGHT
1. 9ight travels in a straight line.
. A sha%o# is !orme% #hen light is "loc.e% "y an o$a:&e or transl&cent
o"-ect.
'. The si*e o! a sha%o# changes accor%ing to the %istance "et#een an
o"-ect an% its light so&rce or the %istance "et#een the screen an% o"-ect.
,. The sha$e o! a sha%o# changes accor%ing to the $osition o! the light
so&rce or the $osition o! the o"-ect.
5. 9ight can "e re!lecte%.
/. 7e can see an o"-ect "eca&se light !rom a light so&rce that !alls onto the
o"-ect is re!lecte% "y the o"-ect into o&r eyes
0. Many %evices in o&r every%ay li!e &se the $rinci$le o! light re!lection s&ch
as %ental mirror) $erisco$e) si%e mirror o! a car an% re!lector mirror on
s&ch on shar$ "en%s o! a roa%.
PANITIA SAINS SK HAJI HASSAN ITAM
SCIENCE YEAR5 - NOTES
4. HEAT
1. 7hen a s&"stance gains heat) it "ecomes #ormer. 7hen it loses heat) it
"ecomes cooler.
. Tem$erat&re is an in%icator to meas&re hotness.
'. Tem$erat&re is meas&re% &sing a thermometer.
,. The metric &nit !or tem$erat&re is %egree Celsi&s. The sym"ol is C.
5. The tem$erat&re o! a s&"stance increases #hen it gains heat an%
%ecreases #hen it loses heat.
/. Matter e+$an%s #hen heate% an% contracts #hen coole%.
C. INVESTIGATING MATERIALS
1. STATES OF MATTER
1. Matter can e+ist in the !orms o! soli%) li:&i% or gas.
. A soli% has mass) !i+e% vol&me an% !i+e% sha$e.
'. A li:&i% has mass) !i+e% vol&me an% no !i+e% sha$e "&t ta.es the sha$e o!
its container.
,. A gas has mass) no !i+e% sha$e) occ&$ies s$ace) has no !i+e% vol&me an%
can "e com$resses.
5. 7ater can e+ist in all three states o! matter.
/. 7ater changes !rom one state into another thro&gh melting) !ree*ing)
"oiling) con%ensation an% eva$oration.
0. 7ater cycle is a contin&o&s movement o! #ater !rom the Earth;s s&r!ace
into the air an% "ac. to the Earth;s s&r!ace again.
6. It is o&r res$onsi"ility to .ee$ o&r #ater reso&rces clean.
2. ACID AND ALKALI
1. S&"stances are either aci%ic) al.aline or ne&tral.
. Aci%ic s&"stances change the colo&r o! a "l&e litm&s $a$er to re%.
'. Al.aline s&"stances change the colo&r o! a re% litm&s $a$er to "l&e.
,. Ne&tral s&"stances %o not change the colo&r o! litm&s $a$ers.
5. Aci%ic !oo% tastes so&r.
/. Al.aline !oo% tastes "itter.
0. Ne&tral !oo% tastes either s#eet) salty or tasteless.

PANITIA SAINS SK HAJI HASSAN ITAM
SCIENCE YEAR5 - NOTES
D. INVESTIGATING THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE
1. CONSTELLATION
1. A constellation is a gro&$ o! stars that !orms a certain $attern in the s.y.
. Orion) (ig 1i$$er) So&thern Cross an% Scor$ion are e+am$les o!
constellations.
'. Constellations are im$ortant in sho#ing %irections an% to in%icate the time
to carry o&t certain activities s&ch as $lanting an% harvesting cro$s.
2. THE EARTH, THE MOON AND THE SUN
1. The Earth an% the Moon rotate on their a+is.
. The Earth rotates an% at the same time moves aro&n% the S&n.
'. The Moon rotates an% at the same time moves aro&n% the Earth.
,. The Moon an% the Earth moves aro&n% the S&n at the same time.
5. The changes in the length an% $osition o! a sha%o# are ca&se% "y the
rotation o! the Earth on its a+is.
/. 1ay an% night occ&r %&e to the rotation o! the Earth on its a+is.
0. The Moon %oes not emit light "&t it re!lects light !rom the S&n.
6. The ma-or $hases o! the Moon are ne# moon) crescent moon) hal!-moon
an% !&ll moon.

E. INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY
1. STRENGTH AND STABILITY
1. C&"e) c&"oi%) s$here) cone) cylin%er) $yrami% an% hemis$here are
e+am$les o! sha$es o! o"-ects.
. T#o !actors that a!!ect the sta"ility o! an o"-ect are "ase area an% height.
'. The strength o! a str&ct&re is a!!ecte% "y the ty$e o! materials &se% an%
ho# the str&ct&re is $lace%.
PANITIA SAINS SK HAJI HASSAN ITAM