Match Your Words Avoid Redundancy Subject Verb Agreement Subject - Verb Presence Subject - Verb Meaning Subject - Verb Agreement by numbers Flip to find the right subject Parallelism Identify Parallelism Markers Identify the type of logical structures Bring parallel ligical parts into the same structure Markers And Both..And Or Either..Or Not, But Not Only, But Also Rather than From X to Y Idiomatic Expressions X Acts as Y As X, so Y Between X and Y Consider X Y Compared to X, Y In Contrast to X, Y Declare X Y X Differs from Y X Develops into Y Distinguish X from Y Estimate X to be Y X Instead of Y X is Known to be Y X is Less than Y Make X Y Mistake X for Y Not only X, But also Y Regard X as Y X is the Same as Y X is good and So Too is Y X, Such as Y Think of X as Y X is Thought to be Y View X as Y Whether X is Y To Be Linking Verbs is are was were be been being am Parrallelism Logical Structure Types Nouns Adjectives Verbs Infinitives Participles Subordinate Clauses Prepositional Phrases Superficial vs Actual Understand Meaning and break down the sentence and Logical Structures MERGE W OFFICE VERSION Pronouns Antecedant should be present Pronoun and Antecedant should match in meaning Pronoun and Antecedant should match in number PRONOUN AMBIGUITY Subject Pronouns I he she it we they who Object Pronouns I him her it us them whom Possesive Pronouns my/mine his her/hers its our/ours their/theirs whose Rule an antecedent which is a possessive noun should have a possessive pronoun HOW TO MODIFY - remove the possessive from the noun This, These, That, Those as ADJECTIVES That, Those New Copy : to refer the same noun but modified to include another clause RULE: 'New Copy' pronoun matches in number to the Antecedent Do not use it to refer a NOUN This, These Do not use it to refer a NOUN Its, Its, They, Their, Them Their - Only PLURAL TO REFER TO THE SAME NOUN ALWAYS use OBJECT PRONOUNS Similar meaning Placement changing meaning Subject Verb Agreement, Pronoun Agreement Find and isolate Subject and Verb 1) Prepositional Phrases 2) Subordinate Clauses - big adjective, big adverb, big noun 3) Other Modifiers And vs Additive Phrases Plural vs Singular (if subject is singular) Either..or, Neither..nor Plural or Singular depending on second subject/noun Collective nouns Singular Indefinite pronouns ~one,~body,~thing are always singular, whatever, whoever, each and every are always singular SANAM Not one Each and Every Singular if preceded by the subject Plural if followed by a plural subject Quantity Indicators The number - singular A number of, half of, <quantity designator> of - singular Majority, minority Subject is Clause or Phrase Singular Apply rules if any for specific types Other Forms appears become feel grow look regard resemble represent stay seem smell sound turn taste If a sentence has more than one noun and one pronoun: look for parallelism between the clause with the noun and the clause with the pronoun first person singular second person singular second person singular second person singular first person plural second person plural third person singular/plural eg: The committee reviewed several executives' compensation packages to find out how much inappropriate funds was allocated to THEM The compensation packages of several executives was reviewed to find out how much misappropriate funds THEY/THESE EXECUTIVES have been awarded X - Not Matching : use the same noun again in place of 'New Copy' pronoun Unless as a NEW COPY Use they, them instead eg: she has roses: those/these are good X she has roses: they are good Plural/Singular depending on the subject Singular SANAM pronouns rules Collective nouns rules