210A-1

ARC WELDING
AG 210-A
UNIT OBJECTIVE
After completio of t!i" #it$ "t#%et" &ill 'e ('le to oper(te ( (rc &el%er "(fel)$
#%er"t(% t!e AW* electro%e cl(""ific(tio$ (% %emo"tr(te %ifferet (rc &el%i+ ",ill"-
T!i" ,o&le%+e &ill 'e %emo"tr(te% ') completio of (""i+met "!eet" (% ( #it te"t
&it! ( miim#m of ./ percet (cc#r(c)-
*0ECI1IC OBJECTIVE* AND CO20ETENCIE*
After completio of t!i" #it$ t!e "t#%et "!o#l% 'e ('le to3
1- 0("" ( "(fet) te"t (% %emo"tr(te proper #"e of (rc &el%i+ e4#ipmet-
2- Be f(mili(r &it! t!e Americ( Wel%i+ *ociet) 5AW*6 cl(""ific(tio for
electro%e"-
7- I%etif) properl) (% improperl) forme% 'e(%"-
8- I%etif) %ifferet pro'lem" &it! (rc le+t!$ (mper(+e "etti+$ (% &el%i+
"pee%-
/- *tri,e (% m(it(i ( (rc correctl)-
9- U%er"t(% &!(t c(#"e" (% !o& to pre:et #%erc#tti+ (% o:erl(p-
;- U%er"t(% t!e %ifferet t)pe" of electric(l c#rret" (% t!e proper c#rret
"electio i #"i+ %ifferet &el%i+ electro%e"-
.- I%etif) t!e '("ic &el% <oit" (% %emo"tr(te t!e (pplic(tio of e(c! i
t!e po"itio" re4#ire%$ #"i+ AC (% DC e4#ipmet-
210A-2
ARC WELDING E=UI02ENT AND *A1ET>
A- Itro%#ctio to Arc Wel%i+
1- A (rc &el%i+ m(c!ie <oi" t&o met(l" to+et!er ') +eer(ti+ (
electric (rc 'et&ee ( co(te% met(l electro%e (% ( '("e met(l- T!e !e(t
of t!e electric (rc melt" t!e met(l &!ic! mi?e" &it! t!e molte %epo"it"
of t!e co(te% electro%e- T!e co(ti+ of t!e electro%e pro%#ce" ( +("
&!ic! "!iel%" t!e &el% from t!e (tmo"p!ere (% !elp" to m(it(i t!e
&el% "!(pe- T!i" co(ti+ i" l(ter remo:e% i t!e form of "l(+- T!e "l(+
co(ti+ o:er t!e &el% i"#l(te" t!e !ot &el% from cot(mi(t" i t!e
(ir %#ri+ cooli+-
B- E4#ipmet U"e% i Arc Wel%i+
1- 0o&er *#ppl)
(- T!e po&er "#ppl) of t!e (rc &el%i+ (pp(r(t#" m#"t m(it(i (
rel(ti:el) co"t(t c#rret &it! ol) ( "li+!t c!(+e i :olt(+e-
'- V(r)i+ :olt(+e (% c#rret &ill re"#lt i ( #e:e (rc t!(t
cre(te" "pl(tter" (% #e:e &el%"-
c- T!ere (re t!ree m(i t)pe" of po&er "#pplie"-
16 Geer(tor"
(6 Geer(tor po&ere% (rc &el%i+ m(c!ie" r# o
%irect c#rret-
'6 T!e"e &el%i+ m(c!ie" (re commol) #"e% i
i%#"tr) (% (re oi")$ e?pe"i:e to p#rc!("e$
(% co"tl) to oper(te-
26 Tr("former"
(6 T!e"e m(c!ie" (re +eer(ll) t!e c!e(pe"t to
p#rc!("e (% r# o ( (lter(ti+ c#rret-
76 Rectifier" 5C!(+e" AC to DC6
(6 T!e rectifier i" ( more :er"(tile (rc &el%i+
po&er "#ppl) t!(t c( 'e r# o eit!er %irect or
(lter(ti+ c#rret-
210A-7
2- Gro#% Cl(mp
(- T!e +ro#% cl(mp complete" t!e f#ll electric(l circ#it "o t!(t
eo#+! !e(t &ill 'e (:(il('le for t!e &el%i+ <o'-
'- T!e +ro#% cl(mp m#"t 'e "ec#rel) f("tee% to t!e met(l 'ei+
&el%e% or to ( (%<oii+ &or,'ec! or piece of met(l-
7- Electro%e @ol%er 5or *ti+er6
(- T!e "ti+er recei:e" t!e (mper(+e (% %irect" it t!ro#+! t!e
electro%e to form t!e (rc-
'- T!e electro%e !ol%er "!o#l% 'e &ell i"#l(te%$ !(:e ( "tro+
"pri+ to firml) +r("p t!e electro%e$ (% ( rele("e le:er to
e?c!(+e t!e electro%e" e("il)-
8- C('le"
(- T!e c('le" (llo& 'ot! t!e +ro#% cl(mp (% t!e "ti+er to 'e
mo'ile-
'- T!e c('le" "!o#l% (l"o 'e &ell i"#l(te% (% protecte% from t!e
!e(t %#ri+ &el%i+-
/- Electro%e
(- T!e electro%e co"i"t" of ( iter(l met(l core (% ( o#ter
co(ti+ c(lle% fl#? &!ic! "!iel%" t!e &el%- T!e core melt" ito
t!e molte '("e met(l to pro%#ce t!e met(l 'o%-
'- T!ere (re "e:er(l t)pe" (% "iAe" of electro%e"- E(c! &ill 'e
%i"c#""e% i %et(il i t!e e?t le""o-
C- 0rotecti:e clot!i+ m#"t 'e &or (t (ll time" &!e &el%i+- T!e !e(t cre(te%
%#ri+ (rc &el%i+ cre(te" fl)i+ molte "p(r," (% #ltr(:iolet (% ifr(re%
r()" t!(t c( '#r t!e ",i-
1- Le(t!er Glo:e"
(- Glo:e" protect t!e !(%" from '#r" %#ri+ &el%i+-
'- T!e +lo:e" "!o#l% 'e m(%e of t!ic, le(t!er (% !(:e lo+ c#ff"
to protect t!e &ri"t (% pre:et "p(r," from f(lli+ ito t!em-
2- Le(t!er or Cotto *lee:e"
(- A NON1LA22ABLE m(teri(l "!o#l% 'e &or o t!e (rm" to
protect from '#r" %#e to "p(r," (% ite"e !e(t-
210A-8
7- Bo%) 0rotectio
(- Eit!er ( le(t!er (pro or co:er(ll" or &or,"!irt m(%e of ( fl(me-
ret(r%(t m(teri(l &ill protect t!e 'o%) %#ri+ (rc &el%i+-
'- All protecti:e clot!i+ "!o#l% fit properl) (% 'e free of
opei+" or rip" ito &!ic! ( "p(r, mi+!t eter or t!e ite"e
!e(t mi+!t peetr(te-
8- 1oot&e(r-
(- Le(t!er 'oot" "!o#l% 'e &or &!ile (rc &el%i+-
'- Ne:er &e(r ope-toe% "!oe" &!ile &or,i+ &it! !ot met(l or (
&el%i+ (pp(r(t#"-
D- Arc Wel%i+ @elmet" (% *!iel%" - T!e 'rilli(t li+!t +i:e off ') t!e electric
(rc pro%#ce" i:i"i'le #ltr(:iolet (% ifr(re% r()" &!ic! c( "e:erel) '#r t!e
e)e" (% ",i- NEVER LOOB AT T@E ARC WIT@ T@E NABED E>E-
@elmet" (% "!iel%" (re e4#ippe% &it! "peci(l filtere% le"e" t!(t re%#ce t!e
ite"it) of t!e li+!t (% pre:et t!e #ltr(:iolet (% ifr(re% r()" from re(c!i+
t!e e)e"-
1- T!e &el%i+ !elmet i" %e"i+e% "pecific(ll) for t!e p#rpo"e of (rc
&el%i+-
(- T!e &el%i+ !elmet fit" o t!e !e(% #"i+ ( pl("tic (%<#"t('le
!e(%'(%-
'- T!e !elmet le(:e" 'ot! !(%" free for &or,i+ (% po"itioi+
m(teri(l"-
c- 2() !elmet" !(:e cle(r le"e" #%er t!e filtere% le"e" t!(t c(
'e #"e% &!e c!ippi+ "l(+-
2- T!e !(% "!iel% i" #"e% for o'"er:i+-
(- It i" NOT (%:i"('le to #"e t!e !(% "!iel% &!e &el%i+ "ice
oe !(% m#"t 'e #"e% to !ol% t!e "!iel% i pl(ce-
7- T!e protecti:e le"e" come i %ifferet "!(%e" %epe%i+ o t!e t)pe of
&el%i+ to 'e %oe- Differet t)pe" of &el%i+ #"e %ifferet (mo#t" of
:olt(+e (% c#rret &!ic! %etermie t!e ite"it) of t!e li+!t (% t!e
(mo#t of #ltr(:iolet (% ifr(re% r()" pro%#ce%- *pot &el%i+ re4#ire"
t!e fe&e"t (mpere" (% t!#" re4#ire" t!e le("t (mo#t of "!(%i+ i t!e
le"- Arc &el%i+ m(c!ie" re4#ire from le"" t!( 70 to o:er 800
(mpere"- Le" "!(%e" r(+e from #m'er / 5&!ic! pro:i%e" t!e le("t
(mo#t of protectio6 to "!(%e 18 5&!ic! pro:i%e" t!e mo"t protectio6-
210A-/
(- *!(%e / i" #"e% for li+!t "pot &el%i+-
'- *!(%e" 9 (% ; (re "#it('le for &el%i+ &it! #p to 70 (mpere"-
c- *!(%e . i" for &el%i+ &it! 70-;/ (mpere"-
%- *!(%e 10 c( 'e #"e% &!e &el%i+ &it! ;/-200 (mpere"-
e- *!(%e 12 i" #"e% &!e &el%i+ &it! 200-800 (mpere"-
f- *!(%e 18 i" re4#ire% &!e &el%i+ &it! o:er 800 (mpere"-
8- Co:er +l(""e" (re cle(r le"e" t!(t (re #"e% to "top fl)i+ "l(+ or met(l$
t!#" protecti+ t!e filter le"e"- T!ere (re 7 %ifferet t)pe" of co:er
+l("" c#rretl) (:(il('le-
(- Cle(r$ #'re(,('le pl("tic i" t!e c!e(pe"t (% l("t" t!e lo+e"t-
'- C!emic(ll) tre(te% +l("" i" #"e% to re%#ce pitti+ '#t it c( 'e
e?pe"i:e-
c- 0l(i +l("" i" :er) "#"cepti'le to 're(,i+$ pitti+$ (% "pl(tter
"tic," (% i" NOT recomme%e%-
/- 1ilter le"e" m#"t 'e c!(+e% if ( cr(c, or c!ip occ#r" i or%er to
pre:et #ltr(:iolet (% ifr(re% r()" from re(c!i+ t!e e)e"- T!e "!(%e"
of t!e le"e" m#"t (l"o 'e c!(+e%- If t!e "!(%e i" too %(r,$ t!e &or,er
&ill 'e #('le to "ee t!e &or, t!(t i" 'ei+ performe%- If t!e "!(%e i"
too li+!t$ proper e)e protectio i" ot (c!ie:e%- 2() &el%i+ !elmet"
!(:e iterc!(+e('le le"e"- T!e le" c!(+i+ proce%#re i" (" follo&"3
(- Remo:e t!e lift-#p mec!(i"m o t!e !elmet or t!e le" fr(me
loc,-
'- *li%e t!e ol% filter le" o#t (% i"ert t!e e& oe-
c- Rei"ert t!e lift-#p mec!(i"m or t!e le" fr(me loc,-
%- 0#t t!e !elmet o (% "e(rc! for li+!t le(,"- If le(," (re pre"et$
t!e le" m#"t 'e re(%<#"te%-
E- A%%itio(l Wel%i+ E4#ipmet
1- Go++le" - Go++le" m#"t 'e &or &!e c!ippi+ "l(+ if ( "!ell le" i"
ot pro:i%e% i t!e !elmet- NEVER C@I0 *LAG WIT@OUT
0ROTECTIVE E>EWEAR-
2- To+" - T!e !e(t of t!e (rc &ill !e(t (ll of t!e met(l 'ei+ &el%e%-
Al&()" #"e to+" to c(rr) or m(e#:er t!e met(l "toc,-
7- *l(+ @(mmer or C!ippi+ @(mmer - T!e "l(+ !(mmer i" #"e% to
remo:e "l(+ from t!e &el% for proper cooli+-
8- Wire Br#"! - If ( "eco% p("" i" to 'e m(%e &it! t!e (rc$ t!e &ire 'r#"!
m#"t 'e #"e% to remo:e (ll "l(+ fr(+met" from t!e &el%i+ (re(- If ot
remo:e%$ t!e &el% &ill ot 'e "oli% (% re"i%#(l "tre""e" &ill re"#lt-
210A-9
C- *(fet) i Arc Wel%i+
*A1ET> IN ARC WELDING
W!e (rc &el%i+$ o'"er:e t!e follo&i+ +eer(l "(fet) pr(ctice"-
1- We(r +lo:e" (% e)e (% f(ce protectio- T!e &el%er (% (ll o'"er:er"
m#"t &e(r &el%i+ !elmet" &it! ( No- 10 or 12 filter le"- A &el%i+
c(p or !elmet &it! ( !(r% !(t i" (l"o recomme%e% for !e(% protectio-
W!e c!ippi+ "l(+ or cle(i+ &el%"$ &e(r ( cle(r f(ce "!iel% or flip-
#p liftpl(te o t!e !elmet-
2- A:oi% electric(l "!oc,- 2(,e cert(i t!(t t!e electro%e !ol%er (% (ll
electric(l coectio" (% c('le" (re properl) i"#l(te%- C!ec, to "ee
t!(t t!e &el%er i" properl) +ro#%e%- Do ot %ip t!e electro%e !ol%er i
&(ter to cool it 'ec(#"e t!i" pr(ctice m() re"#lt i electric(l "!oc,-
7- 0rotect ot!er"- 1or "m(ll (% pr(ctice &el%i+ <o'"$ &or, i (
p(rtitioe% (re( to protect ot!er" from !(rmf#l r()"- W!e prep(re% to
"tri,e t!e (rc$ iform (ll ')"t(%er" to co:er t!eir e)e"-
8- Ne:er &el% i ( %(mp (re(- *t(% o ( %r) 'o(r% or r#''er m(t if t!e
floor or +ro#% i" %(mp or &et-
/- Ne:er &e(r ")t!etic fi'er clot!i+- *)t!etic fi'er" (re !i+!l)
fl(mm('le- We(ri+ clot!i+ m(%e from &ool or cotto i" more
"(ti"f(ctor) for &el%i+ 'ec(#"e of t!eir rel(ti:el) !i+! fl("! poit"-
9- 0rotect &el%i+ c('le"- Beep t!e c('le" from comi+ i cot(ct &it!
!ot met(l (% "!(rp e%+e"- Do ot %ri:e o:er c('le"- W!e &el%i+$
(:oi% &r(ppi+ electro%e c('le" (ro#% )o#r 'o%)-
;- *ec#re &or,- U"e ( &el%i+ t('le &it! ( po"itioer to !ol% &el%"
"ec#rel) i pl(ce- Cl(mp" (% :i"e" c( 'e #"e% to !ol% o%%-"!(pe%
&or, or fiel% &or,- *ec#ri+ &or, &ill (l"o pre:et i<#r) from
(cci%et(l %roppi+ of met(l o )o#r feet or 'o%)-
.- Di"po"e of electro%e "t#'" properl)- Beep ( cot(ier i t!e &or, (re(
i &!ic! to %epo"it electro%e "t#'"- T!i" pre:et" '#r" to "!oe" or f(ll"
%#e to "t#'" rolli+ #%erfoot-
C- 0re:et '#r"- Ne:er (llo& t!e !ot electro%e or electro%e !ol%er to
to#c! '(re ",i- A:oi% letti+ t!e electro%e to#c! ( +ro#%e% c('le-
Remo:e !ot met(l from t!e &or, (re( &!e )o# (re fii"!e% &el%i+ to
pre:et '#r" to ot!er"-
10- Do ot let t!e electro%e "tic,- If t!e electro%e "tic,"$ rele("e t!e
electro%e from t!e !ol%er$ (llo& t!e electro%e to cool$ (% t!e 're(, it
loo"e &it! )o#r +lo:e% !(%-
11- U"e 'ot! !(%"- To re%#ce f(ti+#e$ #"e 'ot! !(%" for &el%i+-
12- @(%le !ot met(l &it! plier" or to+"- *#'mer+e !ot met(l completel)
i &(ter to pre:et "te(m '#r"-
210A-;
17- Wel% i ( &ell-:etil(te% (re(- T!e f#me" from le(%$ Aic$ c(%mi#m$
(% 'er)lli#m (re to?ic (% m() c(#"e "ic,e"" or %e(t!-
18- Do ot c(rr) m(tc!e" or li+!ter"$ (% %o ot (llo& ')"t(%er" to
"mo,e- Before &el%i+$ m(,e "#re t!e &el%i+ (re( i" free of ot!er
fl(mm('le" 5+("$ +re("e$ etc-6-
D Reprite% ') permi""io of Iter"t(te 0#'li"!er"$ Ic-$ from 2ODERN
AGRICULTURAL 2EC@ANIC*$ 2% e%-$ ') *t(le) R- B#r,e (% T- J- W(,em(-
Cop)ri+!t 1CC2 ') Iter"t(te 0#'li"!er"$ Ic-
ACTIVIT>3
1- 0r(ctice c!(+i+ le"e" (% !e(% +e(r i (rc &el%i+ !elmet"-
2- 0r(ctice i%etif)i+ (% !(%li+ (rc &el%i+ e4#ipmet$ m(,i+ "#re t!(t (ll "(fet)
proce%#re" (re follo&e% (% t!(t "#it('le clot!i+ i" 'ei+ &or-
7- =#ec! met(l ') %ippi+ it i (% o#t of &(ter (% %emo"tr(te t!e "te(m ri"i+ (%
"!o& !o& it c( c(#"e "te(m '#r"-
*TRIBING AND 2AINTAINING AN ARC
A- *etti+$ C!ec,i+$ (% A%<#"ti+ t!e E4#ipmet
1- E4#ipmet (%<#"tmet for proper (mper(+e i" :it(l for (rc
e"t('li"!met-
(- To "t(rt t!e &el%i+ oper(tio m(,e "#re t!(t t!e electro%e
!ol%er (% +ro#% cl(mp" (re cle( (% i +oo% co%itio-
I"pect t!e c('le coectio to m(,e "#re t!e) (re ti+!t (% t!(t
o e?po"e% &ire" (re pre"et-
'- T!e &el%i+ 'ec! "!o#l% 'e cle( (% %r)-
c- T!e +ro#% cl(mp "!o#l% 'e (tt(c!e% to t!e &el%i+ 'ec! i (
"ec#re m(er-
%- If #"i+ D-C- pol(rit)$ it i" import(t t!(t t!e m(c!ie i" "et for
"tr(i+!t or re:er"e% c#rret
e- T!e e?t "tep i" to "elect t!e proper (mper(+e- Tet(ti:el)
%etermie t!e recomme%e% c#rret "etti+ for t!e t)pe (% "iAe
of electro%e to 'e #"e%E m(,e t!e fi(l (%<#"tmet (fter t!e
(ct#(l &el%i+ oper(tio !(" 'ee "t(rte%- T!e electro%e
"electio c!(rt +i:e" 'ot! ( lo& (% ( !i+! "etti+ c!oice- A
c#rret :(l#e mi%&() 'et&ee t!e t&o limit" i" recomme%e%-
T!e follo&i+ electro%e" (re recomme%e% for t!i" e?erci"e3
E9010$ E9011$ E9012$ E9017 or E;018-
210A-.
NOTE3 *ome i"tr#ctor" li,e to #"e E-9017 (% E-;018 ro%" 'ec(#"e t!e) "tri,e (%
!ol% ( (rc e("il) (% 'e+ii+ &el%er" '#il% cofi%ece- @o&e:er$ ot!er" feel
t!(t c!(+i+ '(c, to ( E-9011 t)pe ro% i" more %iffic#lt (% t!e) prefer to "t(rt
&it! ( f("t-freeAe ro% of E-9011 t)pe- It i" (l"o "#++e"te% t!(t )o# #"e 1F.G or
/F72G electro%e" for t!i" e?erci"e 5"ee electro%e "electio c!(rt i t!e (%%e%#m6-
B- *tri,i+ ( (rc
1- *elect ( pl(te or co#po of "teel 1F8G t!ic,$ 7G to /G &i%e$ (% 9G to 10G
lo+-
(- T!ere (re t&o met!o%" t!(t c( 'e #"e% to "t(rt or "tri,e t!e (rc3
( t(ppi+ or ( "cr(tc!i+ motio- T!e t(ppi+ met!o% i" t!e oe
t!(t e?periece% &el%er" #"e$ &!ere(" t!e "cr(tc!i+ motio
met!o% i" +eer(ll) e("ier for t!e 'e+ier-
16 T!e "cr(tc!i+ motio met!o% re4#ire" t!(t t!e electro%e
'e 'ro#+!t %o& (t ( (+le to t!e pl(te :er) "imil(r to
"cr(tc!i+ ( m(tc!- W!e t!e (rc i" "t(rte% 5fl("!e"6 t!e
electro%e m#"t 'e 4#ic,l) r(i"e% "o t!(t it &ill ot "tic,
to t!e '("e met(l-
26 T!e t(ppi+ met!o% re4#ire" t!(t t!e ro% 'e !el% %irectl)
('o:e t!e &or,- T!e ro% i" 'ro#+!t %o& (% to#c!e" o
t!e '("e met(l- A" t!e (rc "tri,e"$ t!e ro% m#"t 'e
4#ic,l) 'ro#+!t #p to (ppro?im(tel) t!e t!ic,e"" of t!e
electro%e or t!e ro% &ill "tic, to t!e '("e met(l-
76 If t!e ro% "tic," to t!e '("e met(l$ t!e c#rret flo& &ill
c(#"e t!e ro% to 'ecome :er) !ot- To remo:e ( "t#c,
electro%e from t!e &or,$ #"e ( 4#ic, t&i"ti+ or "tri,i+
motio of t!e electro%e !ol%er- If t!i" %oe" ot 're(, t!e
electro%e loo"e$ remo:e t!e electro%e !ol%er from t!e
+rip e% of t!e electro%e- *ice t!i" electro%e i" re% !ot$
#"e plier" to t&i"t it loo"e-
'- 0r(ctice "tri,i+ (% "toppi+ t!e (rc #til t!i" (ctio c( 'e
complete% 4#ic,l) (% e("il)-
16 A +oo% pr(ctice co#po c( 'e l(i% o#t i ( +ri% p(tter
&it! ceter p#c! m(r, 1F2G (p(rt- 0r(ctice "t(rti+ t!e
(rc o e(c! of t!e"e m(r,"-
2- 0r(ctice r#i+ 'e(%" (fter t!e ",ill of "tri,i+ (% m(it(ii+ ( (rc
!(" 'ee m("tere%-
210A-C
(- *tri+er 'e(%" (re ( e?cellet 'e(% for 'e+ii+ &el%er" to
m(,e- T!e 'e(%" &ill ot 'e co"i"tet '#t "!o#l% impro:e &it!
pr(ctice-
'- T!e 'e+ii+ &el%er c( pr(ctice &it! %ifferet electro%e
"etti+"$ (rc le+t!"$ electro%e (+le"$ (% "pee%" #til (
"moot!$ "tro+ &el% i" pro%#ce%-
16 Wel%i+ %oe &it! proper (mper(+e$ :olt(+e$ (% "pee%
%i"pl()"
(6 Goo% peetr(tio
'6 No #%erc#t or o:erl()
c6 *moot! (ppe(r(ce
26 If t!e (rc i" too lo+$ t!ere i"3
(6 0oor peetr(tio$ o:erl(p$ "p(tter
'6 Le(:e" &el% p#%%le e?po"e% to o?i%iAi+ (ir
76 If t!e &el%i+ c#rret "etti+ i" too !i+!$ t!ere i"3
(6 *p(tter (% #%erc#tti+$ &i%e p#%%le
'6 A %eep cr(ter$ V "!(pe% (ppe(r(ce
86 If t!e &el%i+ c#rret "etti+ i" too lo&$ t!ere i"3
(6 0oor peetr(tio &it! !i+! (rro& 'e(%
'6 Not eo#+! c#rret to f#"e &el% to met(l
c6 @(r% to "tri,e
/6 If t!e &el%i+ "pee% too f("t$ t!ere i"3
(6 Irre+#l(r 'e(% &it! ",ip"
'6 N(rro& 'e(%
96 If t!e &el%i+ "pee% too "lo&$ t!ere i"3
(6 Be(% too !i+!$ "ome&!(t irre+#l(r (% poro#"
'6 B#il%" #p too m#c! met(l (% met(l "t()" melte%
too lo+
7- After m("ter) of t!e "tri+er 'e(%$ pr(ctice o"cill(tio$ &!ic! et(il"
,eepi+ t!e tip of t!e ro% &e(:i+ '(c, (% fort! (cro"" t!e molte
&el% pool-
210A-10
(- T!e &e(:i+ motio of t!e electro%e ,eep" t!e molte met(l
pool (+it(te%E t!i" !elp" flo(t t!e "l(+ (% imp#ritie" to t!e top
"o t!e) c( 'e remo:e% ') c!ippi+ (% 'r#"!i+ (% it (l"o
!elp" to re%#ce poro"it) &it!i t!e &el% 'e(% (re(-
'- T!e &e(:e 'e(% (l"o c( 'e #"e% to +i:e ( &i%e co:er(+e 5co:er
p(""6 for t!e &el% <oit-
c- T!e &e(:e 'e(% &ill impro:e peetr(tio (% t!ic,e piece" of
&el% pl(te-
%- T!e '("ic &e(:e 'e(% i" ( cre"cet-"!(pe% Ai+-A(+-
16 @e"it(te (t "i%e" to pre:et #%erc#tti+ (% to (llo& t!e
'e(% to '#il%-
26 Be "#re to 'o% t!e &e(:e to t!e m(teri(l o e(c! "i%e-
8- T!ere (re :(rio#" ot!er &el%i+ p(tter"$ for e?(mple$ &!ippi+
motio$ "emicirc#l(r motio$ circ#l(r motio$ V-"!(pe% motio$ '(c,
(% fort! or N-"!(pe% motio$ U-"!(pe% motio$ fi+#re-. motio$ (%
rot(r) motio-
/- 2et(l 0rep(r(tio
(- C#t ( pl(te (ppro?im(tel) 8G H /G H 1F2G
'- Br#"! (% cle( pl(te
c- 2(r, 8 lie" 1F2G (p(rt %o& t!e /G le+t!
%- R# ( "tri+er 'e(% %o& e(c! lie &it! 1F.G ro%
e- C!ip (% cle( "tri+er 'e(%"
9- We(:i+ E?erci"e
(- We(:e 'e(%" 'et&ee "tri+er" to co:er pl(te &it! "moot! &el%
'- 1#"e t!e &e(:e ito t!e "tri+er"
c- C!ip$ cle($ (% e:(l#(te &or,
ACTIVIT>3
1- *tri,e (% m(it(i ( (rc ') '#il%i+ #p ( "m(ll 'o"" o e(c! ceter p#c! m(r, o
co#po
2- E?pl(i &!(t !(ppe" &!e ( (rc i" 'ei+ m(it(ie%-
7- *t(rt (% re"t(rt t!e electro%e (t %ifferet pl(ce" o t!e co#po-
8- R# (% e:(l#(te "tri+er 'e(% for correcte""-
/- R# (% e:(l#(te &e(:e 'e(%"-
210A-11
ELECTRICAL CURRENT* IN WELDING
A- Wel%i+ C#rret" I T!ere (re t&o t)pe" of electric(l c#rret flo&" #"e% i
&el%i+ (% t!e) (re i%etifie% (" AC (% DC-
1- AC I Alter(ti+ C#rret$ t!e c#rret of electricit) &ill c!(+e
%irectio" 90 time" ( "eco% flo&i+ '(c, (% fort! from t!e po"iti:e to
t!e e+(ti:e-
2- DC I Direct C#rret$ t!e c#rret &ill flo& i oe %irectio$ from t!e
po"iti:e to t!e e+(ti:e- I &el%i+ t!ere (re t&o %ifferet pol(ritie"
#"e%$ re:er"e pol(rit) 5DCR06 (% "tr(i+!t pol(rit) 5DC*06-
(- DC*0 I Direct C#rret *tr(i+!t 0ol(rit) i" ( %irect c#rret flo&$
flo&i+ from t!e &el%i+ electro%e to t!e &or, piece 'ei+
&el%e% o- U"i+ "tr(i+!t pol(rit) more !e(t &ill 'e %irecte% to
t!e &or, piece 5*ee p(+e 210A-826
'- DCR0 I Direct C#rret Re:er"e 0ol(rit) i" ( %irect c#rret
flo&$ flo&i+ from t!e &or, piece 'ei+ &el%e% o to t!e
&el%i+ electro%e- U"i+ re:er"e pol(rit) more !e(t &ill 'e
%irecte% to t!e &el%i+ electro%e- 5*ee p(+e 210A-826
AW* CLA**I1ICATION *>*TE2 1OR ELECTRODE*
A- W!(t (re electro%e" (% !o& (re t!e) "electe% for :(rio#" &el%i+ (pplic(tio"J
1- *!iel%e% electro%e" (re t!i met(l ro%" !(:i+ (ppro?im(tel) t!e "(me
compo"itio (" t!e met(l to 'e &el%e%- T!e) (re co(te% &it! ( &i%e
:(riet) of t)pe" of fl#?-
2- Electro%e" (re %e"i+e% ot ol) to &el% %ifferet met(l" '#t (l"o to #"e
AC$ DC re:er"e$ or DC "tr(i+!t pol(rit) electric c#rret-
7- Electro%e" come i :(rio#" %i(meter"E t!e l(r+er t!e %i(meter t!e !i+!er
t!e (mper(+e re4#ire% to properl) #"e t!e electro%e-
8- It i" :er) import(t t!(t t!e (ppropri(te electro%e 'e "electe% for ( +i:e
&el%i+ oper(tio- 0oor electro%e "electio &ill c(#"e %iffic#lt) i
completi+ ( +oo% &el%i+ <o'-
/- Electro%e" (re cl(""ifie% ito fi:e m(i +ro#p"3
(- 2il% "teel
'- @i+!-cor'o "teel
c- *peci(l (llo) "teel
%- C("t iro
e- No-ferro#"
210A-12
B- T!e Americ( Wel%i+ *ociet) 5AW*6 !(" %e:elope% t!e follo&i+ electro%e
cl(""ific(tio ")"tem3
1- W!(t %oe" t!e cl(""ific(tio E-;01. o ( electro%e me(J Re(%i+
from ri+!t to left-
(- T!e ri+!t-!(% %i+it 5.6 i%ic(te" t!e "peci(l c!(r(cteri"tic" of
t!e electro%e$ "#c! (" t)pe (% +eer( cotet of t!e co(ti+$
&el% 4#(lit)$ (mo#t of peetr(tio$ (% t!e t)pe of (rc or
electric(l c#rret- T!e ri+!t !(%-%i+it m() 'e () #m'er
'et&ee 0 (% .- It i" import(t to ote t!(t t!e ri+!t-!(% %i+it
c(ot 'e co"i%ere% i%i:i%#(ll) '#t m#"t 'e co"i%ere% i
co<#ctio &it! t!e "eco% %i+it from t!e ri+!t i or%er to
i%etif) 'ot! t!e pol(rit) (% po"itio of t!e electro%e-
'- T!e "eco% %i+it from t!e ri+!t 516 i%ic(te" t!e po"itio" t!e
&el%i+ electro%e c( 'e #"e%- T!i" %i+it m() 'e () #m'er
'et&ee 1 (% 8-
16 1 i%ic(te" t!e electro%e c( 'e #"e% i (ll po"itio"E fl(t$
!oriAot(l$ :ertic(l$ (% o:er!e(%-
26 2 i%ic(te" t!e electro%e c( 'e #"e% i fl(t or !oriAot(l
po"itio"-
76 7 i%ic(te" t!e electro%e "!o#l% ol) 'e #"e% i t!e fl(t
po"itio-
86 8 i%ic(te" t!e electro%e c( 'e #"e% for :ertic(l %o&
&el%" ol)-
c- T!e t&o or t!ree %i+it" to t!e left 5;06 i%ic(te t!e te"ile
"tre+t! i t!o#"(%" of po#%" per "4#(re ic! 5i-e-$ ;0 me("
;0$000 p"i6-
C- *electi+ t!e correct Electro%e
1- T!e electro%e "!o#l% pro%#ce ( &el% met(l &it! (ppro?im(tel) t!e
"(me met(ll#r+ic(l propertie" (" t!e p(ret met(l- A top 4#(lit) &el%
"!o#l% 'e (" "tro+ (" t!e p(ret m(teri(l-
2- I "electi+ t!e 'e"t electro%e for ( p(rtic#l(r &el%i+ "it#(tio$ t!e (im
i" to c!oo"e oe t!(t &ill pro:i%e +oo% (rc "t('ilit)$ f("t %epo"itio$
m(?im#m &el% "tre+t!$ miim#m "pl(tter$ e(") "l(+ remo:(l$ (% (
"moot! &el% 'e(%- To (c!ie:e t!e"e c!(r(cteri"tic" from ( electro%e$
t!e follo&i+ f(ctor" "!o#l% 'e co"i%ere%3
210A-17
(- Electro%e Di(meter I Geer(ll)$ ( electro%e &it! t!e %i(meter
l(r+er t!( t!e t!ic,e"" of t!e '("e m(teri(l "!o#l% ot 'e #"e%$
If t!i" i" %oe$ &el%i+ m#"t 'e %oe (t ( :er) !i+! r(te of "pee%
(% t!i" re4#ire" co"i%er('le ",ill i or%er to o't(i ( "o#%
&el%- W!e m(,i+ ( :ertic(l or o:er!e(% &el%$ ( f("t freeAe
t)pe electro%e &it! t!e %i(meter of 1F.K &o#l% orm(ll) 'e
#"e%- Re+(r%le"" of t!e '("e met(l "iAe$ ( electro%e %i(meter of
7F19K i" t!e m(?im#m "iAe #"e%- Electro%e %i(meter i" (l"o
%etermie% ') t!e <oit %e"i+ "#c! (" ( <oit &it! (rro& +(p
or V-+roo:e '("e met(l pl(te"- W!e t!i" i" ( f(ctor$ #"e ( "m(ll
%i(meter electro%e to %o t!e root p("" or t!e fir"t &el% 'e(%-
'- Joit De"i+ I T!i" i" (ot!er import(t f(ctor to co"i%er &!e
c!oo"i+ ( electro%e-
16 W!e &el%i+ ( <oit t!(t i" ot 'e:ele% (t t!e proper
(+le to (llo& e(") peetr(tio$ co"i%er #"i+ ( %eep
peetr(ti+$ f("t freeAe electro%e$ for e?(mple$ E-9010
or E-9011- T!e oppo"ite of t!i" "it#(tio &o#l% 'e (
ope or poorl) fit <oit &!ere ( +oo% c!oice of electro%e
'e E-9012 or E-9017-
c- Wel%i+ 0o"itio I T!e &el%i+ po"itio to 'e #"e% %#ri+ t!e
%epo"itio of t!e &el% met(l i" ( :er) import(t f(ctor &!e
"electi+ ( electro%e-
%- T)pe of Wel%i+ C#rret I T!i" i" (ot!er f(ctor to co"i%er
&!e c!oo"i+ ( electro%e- *ome electro%e" (re %e"i+e% for
AC (% DC "tr(i+!t or DC re:er"e pol(rit) &!ile ot!er" (re
%e"i+e% to f#ctio properl) #"i+ eit!er AC or DC c#rret-
Iform(tio re+(r%i+ c#rret i" +eer(ll) &ritte o t!e o#t"i%e
of t!e p(c,(+e (% %oe" ot !(:e to 'e fi+#re% from t!e AW*
cl(""ific(tio #m'er-
ACTIVIT>3
1- *elect "i? %ifferet (re electro%e" (% o#tlie i &riti+ e(c! of t!eir c!(r(cteri"tic"-
U"e t!e I%etif)i+ "!eet (" ( !(%o#t 50(+e 210-886-
2- Wel% ( 'e(% &it! e(c! of t!e "i? (rc electro%e" (% %e"cri'e i &riti+ !o& e(c!
electro%e re(ct" %#ri+ t!e &el%i+ proce""-
7- Wel% :(rio#" 'e(%" #"i+ DC "tr(i+!t$ DC re:er"e$ (% AC t)pe c#rret"-
210A-18
BA*IC WELD*
A- Wel%i+ ( Be(%
1- A &el% i" ,o& (" ( 'e(%$ m(%e ') oe p("" of ( electro%e-
2- Wel%i+ ( 'e(% i" t!e fir"t "tep (fter "tri,i+ ( (rc (% to&(r%" m(,i+
ot!er t)pe" of &el%"-
7- *toppi+ (% re"t(rti+ ( 'e(% i t!e mi%%le of ( &el% "!o#l% 'e
pr(ctice%- D#e to t!e f(ct &!e )o# r# o#t of ( electro%e )o# &ill
ee% to re"t(rt &it! ( e& oe-
8- *et &el%i+ (mper(+e to %e"ire% "etti+ 5%epe%i+ o t!e electro%e
(% t!e t!ic,e"" of met(l #"e%-6
/- Beep (re le+t! 'et&ee 1F19G I 1F.G$ li"te to it 5"o#%" li,e fr)i+
'(co6 (% ,eep it co"t(t-
9- A+le t!e electro%e 1/

I 20

from :ertic(l to&(r%" t!e %irectio of

tr(:el- At t!e "(me time ,eep t!e "i%e to "i%e (+le (t C0

-
;- *pee% of tr(:el$ &(tc! t!e &i%t! of t!e p#%%le (% ,eep it co"t(t-
B- B#tt Wel%
1- T!e '#tt <oit i" oe of t!e mo"t fre4#etl) #"e% &el% <oit"-
(- A '#tt <oit co"i"t" of pl(ci+ t!e e%+e" of t&o piece" of met(l
to+et!er-
2- T!e '#tt <oit i" #"e% &!e "tr#ct#r(l piece" !(:e ( fl(t "#rf(ce"$ for
e?(mple$ t(," or fl(t %ec,"$ (% &!e l(mi(ti+ piece" for m(c!ie
p(rt"-
7- T!ere (re t!ree t)pe" of '#t <oit"3 clo"e%$ ope$ (% &!e l(mi(ti+
piece" for m(c!ie p(rt"-
8- T!e clo"e% '#tt "!o#l% 'e #"e% ol) if t!e m(teri(l to 'e &el%e% %oe"
ot e?cee% 1F.K to 7F19K i t!ic,e""-
/- W!e #"i+ t!e ope '#tt$ t!e <oit" (re "p(ce% 7F72K to 1F.K (p(rt-
9- W!e t!e m(teri(l to 'e &el%e% e?cee%" 7F19K i t!ic,e""$ t!e '#tt
<oit "!o#l% 'e 'e:ele%- T!ere (re t!ree t)pe" of 'e:el or V <oit
%e"i+"3
(- I ( fe(t!er e%+e$ t!e m(teri(l i" 1F.K to 7F19K t!ic,$ t!e 'e:el i"
90 %e+ree" (% t!e 'ottom e%+e" of t!e m(teri(l (re pl(ce%
to+et!er-
'- T!e "!o#l%er e%+e i" #"e% for m(teri(l" 1F8G or more t!i,E
1F19K to 1F.K of t!e 'ottom of t!e m(teri(l i" ot 'e:ele% (% (
+(p of 1F.K i" (llo&e% for t!e root p(""-
210A-1/
c- T!e %o#'le V i" #"e% for m(teri(l o:er 7F.K t!ic,- T!i" V <oit
!(" ( 90 %e+ree 'e:elE !o&e:er$ ( 7F72K to 1F.K f(ce i" left i t!e
lo&er 1F7 of t!e &el% <oit- T!i" root f(ce i" +eer(ll) "p(ce%
1F.K (p(rt for proper root p("" oper(tio-
;- If t!e 'e:el o () +roo:e <oit i" +re(ter t!( 90 %e+ree"$ it i" %iffic#lt
to limit (% cotrol t!e (mo#t of cotr(ctio &!e t!e met(l cool"-
.- A '(c,#p "trip "!o#l% 'e #"e% i ( ope '#tt <oit i or%er to pre:et
e?ce""i:e '#r-t!ro#+!-
C- A ro#% "toc, &el% i" ( :(ri(tio of t!e '#tt <oit &el%-
(- I or%er to &el% ro%" or ro#% "oli% "!(ft m(teri(l$ 'ot! e%" of
t!e "toc, m#"t fir"t 'e 'e:ele%$ le(:i+ ( "!o#l%er i t!e ceter-
T!e e%+e" "!o#l% 'e +ro#% "o t!e) !(:e t!e "(me (+le
C- 0(% Wel%i+
1- A p(% &el% i" #"e% to '#il% #p met(l "#rf(ce" (fter it !(" 'ee &or
%o&-
2- 0(% &el%i+ c( 'e %oe o fl(t or ro#% "#rf(ce"-
7- 0(% &el%i+ co"i"t" of %epo"iti+ "e:er(l l()er" of 'e(%"-
(- Wel%i+ ( 'e(% to co:er !(lf of t!e pre:io#" 'e(%-
'- Wel%i+ 'e(%" oe o:er t!e top of (ot!er
8- A+le t!e electro%e 1/

I 20

from :ertic(l to&(r%" t!e %irectio of

tr(:el- At t!e "(me time ,eep t!e "i%e to "i%e (+le (t C0

for t!e fir"t

p(""- 1or t!e "eco%$ t!ir%$ etc- !ol% t!e electro%e 10

I 1/

from
:ertic(l-
D- 1illet Wel% 5Tee Joit6
1- T!e tee <oit i" forme% ') pl(ci+ oe pl(te (t ( C0 %e+ree (+le to
(ot!er to form ( letter T- A tee <oit i" ( 1illet-t)pe &el%-
(- T!e tee <oit i" &e(, (% "!o#l% ot 'e #"e% if !e(:) pre""#re
&ill 'e (pplie% from t!e oppo"ite %irectio of t!e &el%e% <oit-
'- T!ere (re "e:er(l t)pe" of fillet <oit"- T!e '("ic fillet &el%" for
tee <oit" (re cl(""ifie% (" "4#(re$ "i+le 'e:el$ %o#'le 'e:el$
"i+le J (% %o#'le J- 5*ee p(+e 210A-876
16 T!e "4#(re tee i" #"e% &!ere t!e m(teri(l c( 'e &el%e%
o oe or more "i%e- Co"i%er('le &el% met(l i"
re4#ire% for m(?im#m "tre+t!-
210A-19
26 T!e "i+le 'e:el tee i" #"e% o m(teri(l t!(t i" le"" t!(
1F2G t!ic,- T!i" <oit &ill &it!"t(% more "e:ere lo(%i+
t!( t!e "4#(re tee$ &!ere &el%i+ c( 'e %oe from oe
"i%e ol)-
76 T!e %o#'le 'e:el tee i" #"e% &!ere !e(:) lo(%" (re
(pplie% i (ll %irectio" (% &!ere &el%i+ c( 'e %oe
o 'ot! "i%e"-
86 T!e "i+le J <oit i" #"e% o m(teri(l 1 1F2G (% t!ic,er
(% c( 'e &el%e% from 'ot! "i%e"-
c- To "t(rt ( pr(ctice fillet$ #"e 7F19G to 1F8G t!ic, m(teri(l- *et t!e
:ertic(l pl(te o t!e mi%%le of t!e fl(t pl(te (% t(c, &el% e(c!
e%- T!e "t(rt t!e m(i &el%- O m(teri(l of t!i" t!ic,e""$ (
"i+le p("" 5&!ic! i" oe l()er of ( &el% 'e(%6 "!o#l% 'e
"#fficiet-
%- T!e (+le of electro%e i" :er) import(t- T!e 'e"t re"#lt" (re
o't(ie% ') !ol%i+ t!e electro%e (t 8/ %e+ree" 'et&ee t!e
:ertic(l 'ottom fl(t pl(te &it! t!e tip poite% to&(r% t!e &el%
(re(- T!e %irectio of tr(:el &ill !(:e ( 1/

- 2/

(+le i t!e
%irectio of tr(:el- T!i" fir"t "i+le p("" 'e(% "!o#l% 'e ( 1F8G
fillet-
E- V-B#tt Te"io Te"t Wel%
1- T!e V-B#tt te"io &el% i" %e"i+e% to te"t t!e &el%er" ('ilit) to
correctl) #"e t!e &el%i+ ro% to it"L f#lle"t poteti(l-
2- A copper '(c,i+ pl(te (% ( "m(ll '(c,#p "trip &ill 'e #"e%-
(6 1or 'e"t re"#lt" (% le"" +ri%i+$ '(c,#p "trip t!ic,e"" "!o#l%
'e 22-1. +(#+e- If t!ic,er t!( 1. +(#+e #"e "!im" to !ol% #p
t!e e%" of t!e met(l (% ,eep t!e piece" (" "tr(i+!t (" po""i'le-
7- T!e met(l to 'e #"e% "!o#l% 'e 1F8G t!ic, (% 1 1F8G &i%e (% "!o#l%
!(:e ( 70
o
(+le c#t o t!e e%"- W!e lie% #p &it! (ot!er piece t!e
(+le &ill 'e 90
o
- T!e t&o piece" "!o#l% 'e 7F72G (p(rt-
8- T!e &el% &ill 'e complete% i t&o p(""e"-
(6 O t!e fir"t p(""3
16 *et (mper(+e ') "t(rti+ (t lo& "etti+$ "tri,e ( (rc$ r#
1F8G 'e(% (% '#r) t!e electro%e i t!e '("e met(l I (rc
"!o#l% 'e m(it(ie%- If t!e ro% "tic,"$ (%<#"t to "li+!tl)
!i+!er (mper(+e (% rete"t- W!e t!e (mper(+e i" "et
correctl) procee% &it! )o#r fir"t p(""-
210A-1;
26 2(it(i ( :er) "!ort (rc &it! "li+!t "i%e to "i%e motio
76 1ill V (ppro?im(tel) 1F2 f#ll$ le(:e e?ce"" o 'ot! e%"-
'6 O t!e "eco% p(""3
16 T#r %o& (mp" (ppro?im(tel) / I 10 (mp"$ tilt met(l
#p !ill-
26 U"e ( &e(:e &el%$ m(it(i "!ort (rc$ p(#"e (t e%+e"$ fill
i e?ce"" o 'ot! e%"-
/- Allo& met(l to cool "lo&l) #%er (ot!er pl(te of met(l$ le(:e it for
(ppro?im(tel) 2/ mi#te" 'efore mo:i+- E:e mo:i+ it t!ro#+! t!e
(ir c( c(#"e it to cool f("t (% loo"e "tre+t!-
9- Gri% &el% to "(me "iAe (" t!e p(ret m(teri(l (% +ri% off t!e '(c,#p
"trip- Do ot ic, '("e met(l &!ile +ri%i+- Nic," &ill re"#lt i (
&e(,er &el%-
1- Vertic(l Up 1illet
1- Not (ll &el%" c( 'e %oe i t!e fl(t or !oriAot(l po"itio- It i" ot
(l&()" po""i'le to l() ( pro<ect o it"L "i%e to 'e &el%e%$ "o t!e :ertic(l
#p &el% 'ecome" ece""(r)- Wel%" c( 'e %oe mo:i+ %o&&(r%
5Vertic(l-Do&6$ '#t peetr(tio &ill ot 'e (" %eep (" comp(re% to t!e
:ertic(l-#p &el%- Vertic(l-#p &el%" (re ofte #"e% &!e &el%i+ fillet
&el%" o tr(iler !itc!e" &!ere %eep peetr(tio i" ece""(r)-
2- Vertic(l #p &el%" &ill 'e %oe i t&o p(""e"3
(- T!e fir"t p("" &ill 'e m(%e m(,i+ ( f("t p("" #"i+ ( p(#"i+
p(tter- 5*ee p(+e 210A-7;6
'- T!e "eco% p("" &ill 'e m(%e +oi+ from "i%e to "i%e #"i+ (
"imil(r p(#"i+ p(tter- 5*ee p(+e 210A-7;6
7- T!e electro%e &ill 'e !el% (t ( 8/
o
'et&ee t!e t&o piece"$ t!e "(me (" (
!oriAot(l fillet- T!e electro%e &ill 'e "li+!tl) poite% #p&(r%"$ 1/
o

m(?im#m-
G- O:er!e(% 1illet
1- T!e o:er!e(% &el% i" t!e mo"t %iffic#lt &el% to m("ter- A per"o i"
&or,i+ ('o:e t!eir !e(% (% "t(%i+ #p$ &!ic! (%%" %iffic#lt) to t!i"
&el%- At time" t!i" &el% 'ecome" ece""(r) to &el% o t!e 'ottom "i%e
of ( tr(iler$ tr#c, fr(me$ or () pro<ect t!(t c( ot 'e t#re% #p "i%e
%o&-
210A-1.
2- T!i" &el% &ill 'e m(%e &it! t!ree p(""e"3 5*ee p(+e 210A-7C6
(- T!e fir"t p("" &ill 'e m(%e 70
o
from :ertic(l le(%i+ /
o
i t!e
%irectio of tr(:el-
'- T!e "eco% p("" &ill co:er !(lf of t!e fir"t p("" (% p(rt of t!e
top pl(te-
c- T!e t!ir% p("" &ill co:er t!e re"t of t!e fir"t p(""$ ( little of t!e
"eco% p("" (% p(rt of t!e "i%e piece-
7- *#++e"tio"3
(- *t(% #p (% +et i clo"e to )o#r &or,-
'- Le( (+(i"t ( po"t (% "te(%) )o#r"elf-
c- @(:e t!e met(l (t le("t 10G ('o:e )o#r !e(% for ( clo"e (% cle(r :ie&-
%- Wor, &it! t!e p(lm" of )o#r !(%" poite% %o&$ %rippi+ met(l
&ill 'e le"" li,el) to '#r )o#r !(%"-
e- Beep t!e electro%e (t 8/
o
i )o#r !ol%er-
f- Dr(pe t!e &el%i+ c('le o:er )o#r "!o#l%er to "#pport t!e &ei+!t-
ACTIVIT>3
1- 0rep(re (% &el% e(c! of t!e t)pe" of &el%"-
2- De"i+ (% '#il% ( pro<ect #tiliAi+ (t le("t t!ree %ifferet t)pe" of &el%"-
210A-1C
Referece"3
B#r,e$ *t(le) R-$ M W(,em($ T- J- 51CC;6- 2ODERN AGRICULTURAL
2EC@ANIC* 57% e%-6- D(:ille$ IL3 Iter"t(te 0#'li"!er"-
Cooper$ Elmer L- 51C.;6- AGRICULTURAL 2EC@ANIC*3 1UNDA2ENTAL* AND
A00LICATION*- Al'()$ N>3 Delm(r 0#'li"!er"-
2iller$ R- T-$ 51CC;6 WELDING *BILL*$ *eco% E%itio$ @ome&oo%$ Illioi"-$
Americ( Tec!ic(l 0#'li"!er"$ Ic-
*peci(l 2(teri(l (% E4#ipmet3
Arc &el%i+ !elmet$ le(t!er +lo:e"$ (pro"$ co:er(ll"$ "tri,er"$ "(fet) te"t$ "l(+ !(mmer$
"(fet) +o++le"
Re"o#rce"3
Deere M Comp()- 51C.;6- WELDING 59t! e%-6 51#%(met(l" of *er:ice 51O*6 *erie"6-
A:(il('le from3 Jo! Deere Tec!ic(l *er:ice"$ Dept- 1$ Jo! Deere Ro(%$ 2olie$ IL
9129/ 5A:(il('le i *p(i"!6
Gi(c!io$ Jo"ep! W-$ M Wee,"$ Willi(m 51C;96- WELDING *BILL* AND
0RACTICE* 5/t! e%-6- A:(il('le from3 Americ( Tec!ic(l *ociet)$ C!ic(+o$ IL 9097;
@o'(rt Brot!er" Comp()- 51C;.6- TEC@NICAL GUIDE 1OR *@IELDED 2ETAL
ARC WELDING- A:(il('le from3 @o'(rt Brot!er" Comp()$ Tro)$ O@ 8/7;7
210A-20
*A1ET> CONTRACT
1- I #%er"t(% t!(t e)e protectio ee%" to 'e &or correctl) i t!e "!op (t (ll time"
&it!o#t e?ceptio-
2- I &ill follo& (ll "(fet) proce%#re" (t (ll time" &it!o#t e?ceptio-
7- I #%er"t(% t!(t loo"e clot!i+$ loo"e <e&elr)$ icl#%i+ ri+" of () ,i%$ lo+ !(ir
5ot i ( po)t(il6$ (% ec,tie" 5ot protecte% ') co:er(ll"6 c( 'e %(+ero#" i t!e
"!op (% "!o#l% ot 'e &or-
8- I #%er"t(% t!(t *(fet) *i+" (re to 'e #%er"too% 'efore #"i+ t!e &el%i+
e4#ipmet (% t!e "(fet) proce%#re" (re to 'e follo&e% %#ri+ it"L #"e-
/- I #%er"t(% t!(t protecti:e clot!i+ i" ( import(t p(rt of "!op "(fet) (% t!(t cle(
co:er(ll" or &el%i+ le(t!er" (% le(t!er 'oot" &ill 'e &or (t (ll time"$ &it!o#t
e?ceptio$ i t!e &el%i+ (% f('ric(tio (re("-
9- I #%er"t(% t!(t !or"epl() i e:er (llo&e% i t!e "!op (% c( c(#"e "erio#" i<#r)
to m)"elf (% to ot!er "t#%et" (ro#% me-
;- I &ill report (ll (cci%et"$ o m(tter !o& mior-
.- I #%er"t(% t!(t cle(i+ t!e "!op (t t!e e% of e(c! cl("" perio% i" ( import(t p(rt
of "!op "(fet) (% I &ill p(rticip(te (t t!e e% of e:er) cl("" or &!ee:er it i" ee%e%-
C- I #%er"t(% t!(t r#i+ i" e:er (llo&e% i t!e "!op (t () time-
10- I #%er"t(% t!(t (ll tool" (% e4#ipmet$ &el%i+ electro%e"$ c!ippi+ !(mmer"$ &ire
'r#"!e"$ (% "teel (re to 'e "tore% properl)-
1(il#re to compl) &it! t!i" "(fet) cotr(ct c( (% &ill re"#lt i %etetio"$ p(ret-
te(c!er coferece"$ (%For e?p#l"io from t!i" cl("" (% () ot!er "!op cl("" )o# (re
c#rretl) i (% )o# &ill 'e ,ept o#t of () ot!er "!op cl(""e" i t!e f#t#re for "(fet) (%
li('ilit) re("o"-
0(retL" *i+(t#reNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN *t#%etL" *i+(t#re NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
I"tr#ctorL" *i+(t#re NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
D(te NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
210A-21
N(meNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
D(teNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
*coreNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
*A1ET> EHA2$ ARC WELDING
2#ltiple c!oice$ circle t!e letter t!(t 'e"t" repre"et" t!e correct ("&er- T!e "eco% p(rt
of t!e te"t i" tr#e (% f(l"e 4#e"tio"$ circle t!e T if t!e "t(temet i" tr#e (% 1 if t!e
"t(temet i" f(l"e-
1- W!e &el%i+$ le(t!er 'oot" ee% to 'e &or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNN-
(- ol) &!e &el%i+ o:er!e(%
'- (t (ll time"
c- ol) &!e &el%i+ i ( 'oot!
%- &!e #"i+ ( c#tti+ torc!
2- Bre(t!i+ f#me" from le(%$ Aic$ c(%mi#m$ (% 'er)lli#m c( c(#"e NNNNNNNNNNNN-
(- %e(t!
'- "ic,e""
c- lo+ term "ic,e""
%- (ll of t!e ('o:e
7- If electro%e "tic," to t!e &or, piece )o# "!o#l% NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN-
(- tr) to 're(, it free
'- rele("e t!e electro%e
c- "!#t t!e &el%er off
%- (ll t!e ('o:e
8- W!ic! of t!e follo&i+ item" (re not ee%e% &!e (rc &el%i+J
(- le(t!er +lo:e" O co:er(ll"
'- le(t!er 'oot" O "(fet) +l(""e"
c- c!ippi+ !(mmer O &ire 'r#"!
%- +re("e r(+" (% oil
/- W!e 4#ec!i+ !ot met(l i &(ter NNNNNNNNNNNN to (:oi% "te(m '#r"-
(- !ol% it #%er &(ter #til it cool"
'- %ip it i (% o#t of t!e &(ter
c- !ol% it !(lf &() #%er &(ter
%- !ol% it #%er r#i+ &(ter
9- If (rc &el%i+ i %(mp (re("$ itL" (ll ri+!t to &el% if NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN-
(- )o#r 'oot" (re %r)
'- )o# (re "t(%i+ o ( %r) 'o(r% or ( %r) r#''er m(t
c- )o# !(:e %r) +lo:e" o
%- oe of t!e ('o:e
;- W!e (rc &el%i+$ #"e ( P NNNN "!(%e le" or !i+!er for orm(l &el%i+ 5100 (mp"
or +re(ter6-
(- /
'- .
c- 10
%- 12
.- If "omeoe i" &el%i+$ itL" (ll ri+!t to &(tc! &it!o#t ( &el%i+ !elmet if )o# (re
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN-
(- 20 ft (&()
'- 80 ft (&()
c- 90 ft (&()
%- e:er &(tc! ()oe &el%i+ &it!o#t ( !elmet
C- T or 1 If t!e i"#l(tio i" 'ro,e off t!e "ti+er 5electro%e !ol%er6 it i" "till "(fe to
#"e it if )o# (re c(ref#l-
10- T or 1 *m(ll +(" or '#t(e li+!ter" !(:e 'ee ,o& to e?plo%e i ( per"o "!irt
or p(t" poc,et &!ile &el%i+-
11- T or 1 Wel%i+ i ( #:etil(te% (re( i" (llo&('le for ( "!ort perio% of time-
12- T or 1 @(%le !ot met(l &it! plier" (% to+"$ not le(t!er +lo:e"-
17- T or 1 W!e "tri,i+ ( (rc (l&()" c(ll o#t co:er$ "o people i t!e "#rro#%i+
(re( c( loo, (&() 'efore )o# "t(rt &el%i+-
18- T or 1 B(re "pot" o &el%i+ c('le" (re ot ( "(fet) !(A(r%-
1/- T or 1 Electro%e "t#'" ee% to 'e t!ro& (&() ito ( cot(ier or "cr(p '#c,et
(% ot left o t!e floor-
210A-27
N(meNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
D(teNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
*coreNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
UNIT EHA2$ ARC WELDING
2#ltiple C!oice$ circle t!e letter t!(t 'e"t repre"et" t!e correct ("&er-
*!ort ("&er
1- W!ic! of t!e follo&i+ i" ot ( t)pe of &el%i+ po&er "#ppl)J
(- Rectifier
'- Tr("former
c- Alter(tor
%- Geer(tor
2- W!(t i" t!e p#rpo"e of t!e +ro#%J
(- To !ol% t!e &or, %o&-
'- Compete t!e electric(l circ#it-
c- To &(r #p t!e met(l 'efore &el%i+-
%- @ol% t!e poit" ope-
7- T!e fl#? of ( electro%e
(- form" ( +("
'- cre(te" "l(+
c- form" ( "!iel% for t!e &el%
%- (ll of t!e ('o:e
8- T!e 'e"t m(teri(l to #"e for protectio clot!i+ $ foot&e(r$ (% +lo:e" i"
(- )lo
'- le(t!er
c- pol)prop)lee
%- %(cro
/- T!e %(r,e"t (% mo"t protecti:e le" (:(il('le for &el%i+ p#rpo"e" i"
(- *!(%e ;
'- *!(%e 10
c- *!(%e 18
%- *!(%e 20
9- T!e +ro#% cl(mp "!o#l% 'e (tt(c!e% to
(- ( o-co%#cti:e 'loc, of &oo%
'- t!e pro<ect or met(l &or,t('le
c- ( properl) +ro#%e% 'olt mo#te% i t!e floor
%- t!e electro%e
;- A &el% &it! t!e proper (mper(+e$ :olt(+e$ (% "pee% %i"pl()"
(- +oo% peetr(tio
'- o #%erc#t or o:erl()
c- ( "moot! (ppe(r(ce
%- (ll of t!e ('o:e
.- W!e t!e :olt(+e "etti+ i" too lo&$ t!e &el%
(- "p(tter" (% #%erc#t"
'- %i+" ( %eep cr(ter
c- le(:e" t!e &el% p#%%le e?po"e% to o?i%iAi+ (ir
%- pro:i%e" poor peetr(tio &it! ( !i+!$ (rro& 'e(%
C- W!(t i" t!e te"ile "tre+t! of ( electro%e m(r,e% E9017
(- 90 l'" per i
2

'- 900 l'" per i
2
c- 9$000 l'" per i
2
%- 90$000 l'" per i
2
10- W!ere i" t!e 'e"t pl(ce to %i"po"e of electro%e "t#'"J
(- O t!e floor-
'- O t!e &el%i+ t('le-
c- I ( o-fl(mm('le cot(ier i t!e &or, (re(-
%- T!e tr("! c(-
11- To !(%le !ot met(l$ &!(t tool "!o#l% )o# #"eJ
(- >o#r +lo:e"-
'- 0lier"-
c- T!e +ro#%i+ cl(mp-
%- Le(:e it #til it cool"-
12- N(me &()" to "t(rt ( (rcJ
17- W!(t %oe" t!e E repre"et o ( electro%e m(r,e% E9011
18- W!(t %oe" t!e t!ir% (% fo#rt! %i+it" repre"et o ( electro%e m(r,e% E;01.
1/- W!(t &ill !(ppe if t!e &el%i+ (mper(+e i" "et too !i+!J
19- W!(t &ill !(ppe if t!e &el%i+ (mper(+e i" "et too lo&J
1;- W!(t &ill !(ppe if t!e (rc le+t! i" too lo+J
1.- W!(t &ill !(ppe if t!e (rc le+t! i" too "!ortJ
1C- W!(t &ill !(ppe if &el%i+ tr(:el "pee% i" too f("tJ
20- W!(t &ill !(ppe if &el%i+ tr(:el "pee% i" too "lo&J
210A-29
A"&er *!eet
UNIT EHA2
1- C
2- B
7- D
8- B
/- C
9- B
;- D
.- D
C- D
10- C
11- B
12- *cr(tc!i+ (% T(ppi+
17- Electro%e
18- T!e t!ir% %i+it i%ic(te" t!e po"itio t!e ro% c( 'e #"e% i (% t!e fo#rt! i%ic(te"
t!e c!(r(cteri"tic" of t!(t ro%$ 1 me(" (ll po"itio" (% t!e . me(" lo& !)%ro+e-
1/- Wi%e 'e(% &it! lo& !ei+!t (% "p(tter-
19- 0oor peetr(tio &it! ( !i+! (rro& 'e(%
1;- 0oor peetr(tio$ fl(t 'e(%$ o:erl(p$ (% "p(tter
1.- 0oor peetr(tio (% !i+! (% &i%e 'e(%-
1C- Wi%e (% fl(t 'e(% (% too !i+! of !e(t '#il% #p-
20- 0oor peetr(tio (% #e:e 'e(%-
*A1ET> EHA2
1- B
2- D
7- B
8- D
/- A
9- B
;- C
.- B
C- 1(l"e
10- Tr#e
11- 1(l"e
12- Tr#e
17- Tr#e
18- 1(l"e
1/- Tr#e
210A-2;
Arc Welding, Bead
1. Use 1/8" E6013 or E6011 electrode.
2. Use 1/4" x 1 1/4" 4" metal.
7- to! com!letel" and restart in middle o# $eld.
4. %ill in crater at t&e end o# 'ead.
(. )lean t&e $eld $it& $ire 'r*s&.
6. Weld one side onl".
*top (% Re"t(rt
1 QG /F19G
1F19G
1F8G
8G
+aria'les t&at in#l*ence t&e 'ead,
1- A20ERAGE U"e mi%%le r(+e from c!(rt M (%<#"t from t!ere-
2- ARC LENGT@ U"#(ll) 1F19G I 1F.G Li"te to it 5fr)i+ '(co6
Beep it co"t(t-
7- ANGLE O1 ELECTRODE END VIEW
1/

I 2/

from :ertic(l
Directio of tr(:el C0

4. -EE. /% 01A+E2 Watc& t&e $idt& o# !*ddle 3 4ee! it constant

210A-2.
GRADE *@EET
Arc Wel%i+$ Be(%
1
2
7
8
/
9
;
.
C
10
11
12
17
18
1/
19
1;
1.
1C
20
21
22
27
28
2/
210A-2C
Arc Welding, B*tt Weld
1. Use 1/8" E6013 or E6011 electrode.
2. Use t$o !ieces o# 1/4" x 1 1/4" 4" metal.
3. Bead $it& e5*al lengt& on 'ot& sides o# t&e 6oint.
4. %ill in crater at t&e end o# 'ead.
(. )lean t&e $eld $it& $ire 'r*s&.
6. Weld one side onl".
E4#(l 'e(% le+t! o 'ot! "i%e"
/F19G
1- A20ERAGE U"e mi%%le r(+e from c!(rt M (%<#"t from t!ere-
2- ARC LENGT@ U"#(ll) 1F19G I 1F.G Li"te to it 5fr)i+ '(co6
Beep it co"t(t-
7- ANGLE O1 ELECTRODE
1/

I 2/

from :ertic(l END VIEW

Directio of tr(:el C0

4. -EE. /% 01A+E2 Watc& t&e $idt& o# !*ddle 3 4ee! it constant

and e7en on 'ot& sides
210A-70
GRADE *@EET
Arc Wel%i+$ B#tt Wel%
1
2
7
8
/
9
;
.
C
10
11
12
17
18
1/
19
1;
1.
1C
20
21
22
27
28
2/
210A-71
Arc Welding, -ad Weld
1. Use (/32 E6013
2. Use 48 x 2 1/2" x 1/2" metal
3. )o7er entire s*r#ace o# t&e !late $it& o7erla!!ing $elds.
4. )o7er &al# o# t&e !re7io*s 'ead.
(. )ool 'et$een 'eads onl" *ntil red color is gone
0/- +9EW
2 RG
8G
E:. +9EW
W1/:; 19;<0
C0

10

I 1/

from :ertic(l
%irst -ass econd -ass, etc.
6. %inis&ed s*r#ace to 'e as #lat as !ossi'le.
210A-72
GRADE *@EET
Arc Wel%i+$ 0(%
1
2
7
8
/
9
;
.
C
10
11
12
17
18
1/
19
1;
1.
1C
20
21
22
27
28
2/
210A-77
Arc Welding, <ori=ontal %illet
1. Use 1/88 E6013 electrode.
2. Use 1/4" x 1 1/2" x 48 metal #or t&e 'ase.
3. Use 1/4" x 18 x 48 metal #or t&e *!rig&t.
4. Use a s&ort arc lengt&.
(. <old t&e electrode at a 4(

angle #rom t&e 'ase !late.

6. <old t&e electrode at a 1(

3 2(

angle in t&e direction o# tra7el.

>. <ori=ontal and 7ertical legs ?1/4"@ need to 'e equal.
1/
o
I 2/
o

Vertic(l Le+ @oriAot(l Le+
Ue4#(l Le+"$ Ue4#(l
0eetr(tio
1G 8/

QK
1 RG
Underc*tting )a*sed '",
1. 0oo long o# an arc.
2. Electrode too straig&t *! and do$n.
3. 0oo m*c& am!erage.
4. Using motion.
(. 0oo m*c& lead angle.
210A-78
GRADE *@EET
Arc Wel%i+$ @oriAot(l 1illet$ *i+le 0(""
1
2
7
8
/
9
;
.
C
10
11
12
17
18
1/
19
1;
1.
1C
20
21
22
27
28
2/
210A-7/
Arc Welding, <ori=ontal %illet, A*lti -ass
1. Use 1/88 E6013 electrode.
2. Use 1/4" x 1 1/2" x 48 metal #or t&e 'ase.
3. Use 1/4" x 18 x 48 metal #or t&e *!rig&t.
4. Use a s&ort arc lengt&.
(. <old t&e electrode at a 4(

angle #rom t&e 'ase !late on t&e #irst

!ass, >0
o
on t&e second !ass, and 30
o
on t&e t&ird !ass.
6. <old t&e electrode at a 1(

3 2(

angle in t&e direction o# tra7el.

>. <ori=ontal and 7ertical legs need to 'e equal.
8. 1
st
!ass 3 #*ll lengt&, 2
nd
!ass 3 2/3
rd
lengt&, 3
rd
!ass 3 1/3
rd
lengt&.
1
"t
0("" 2
%
0("" 7
r%
0(""
8/
o
;0
o
70
o

Underc*tting )a*sed '",
B. 0oo long o# an arc.
10. Electrode too straig&t *! and do$n. 2egs E5*al
11. 0oo m*c& am!erage. 2engt&
12. Using motion.
13. 0oo m*c& lead angle.
210A-79
GRADE *@EET
Arc Wel%i+$ @oriAot(l 1illet$ T!ree 0(""
1
2
7
8
/
9
;
.
C
10
11
12
17
18
1/
19
1;
1.
1C
20
21
22
27
28
2/
210AC3>
Arc Welding, +ertical U! %illet
1. Use 1/8" E6011 electrode or E6013
2. Dee! metal in a tr*e 7ertical !osition.
3. <old electrode !er!endic*lar, or !oint slig&tl" *!$ard.
Aotions to 0r"
%irst -ass econd -ass
-a*se
-a*se -a*se
?Best #or E6011@
?Best #or E6013@
.irection o#
0ra7el
1(
o
Aax
4. %irst !ass to &a7e 1/4" legs.
econd !ass to &a7e 3/8" legs.
(. 2ea7e 1/4 to 1/3 o# t&e #irst !ass *nco7ered.
?:ote, 'ot& $elds m*st 'e done in t&e same direction@
210A-7.
GRADE *@EET
Arc Wel%i+$ Vertic(l-Up 1illet
1
2
7
8
/
9
;
.
C
10
11
12
17
18
1/
19
1;
1.
1C
20
21
22
27
28
2/
210AC3B
Arc Welding, /7er&ead %illet Weld
1. Use 1/8" E6011 or E6013 electrode
2. %irst !ass 3 #*ll lengt& 3 second !ass 2/3 lengt& 3 t&ird !ass 1/3 lengt&.
3. %irst !ass 3 1/4" legs, t&ird !ass (/16" legs
econd -ass %irst -ass
0&ird -ass
%irst -ass
0&ird -ass 30
o

(
o

econd
-ass
20
o
1easons #or .ri!!ing, *ggestions,
1. <ig& am!erage 1. tand *!
2. Electrode too large 2. 2ean against !ost
3. Electrode t*rned too #ar 3. Aetal at least 10" a'o7e &ead
'ac4 into t&e !*ddle 4. tand in close to $or4
4. Arc lengt& too long (. -alms do$n
6. Electrode 4(
o
in &older
>. Dee! electrode &older !arallel
to line o# tra7el
8. .ra!e ca'le o7er s&o*lder
210A-80
GRADE *@EET
Arc Wel%i+$ O:er!e(% 1illet
1
2
7
8
/
9
;
.
C
10
11
12
17
18
1/
19
1;
1.
1C
20
21
22
27
28
2/
210-81
Arc Welding, +CB*tt 0ension 0est
-roced*re,
1. Use 1/8" E6011 E2E)01/.E ?'etter !enetration and less slag
t&an 6013@
2. et am!erage '" starting at lo$ setting, stri4e arc, r*n 1/4" 'ead
and '*r" electrode in 'ase metal 3 arc s&o*ld 'e maintained. 9#
rod stic4s, ad6*st to slig&tl" &ig&er am!s and retest.
3. Aa4e s*re 'ac4*! stri! is #lat and is la"ing on clean co!!er !late.
4. 2ea7e a!!roximatel" 3/32" s!ace 'et$een !ieces to 'e '*tt $elded.
(. /n #irst !ass,
a. Aaintain 7er" s&ort arc $it& slig&t side to side motion.
'. %ill + a!!roximatel" 1/2 #*ll, lea7e excess on 'ot& ends.
6. /n second !ass,
a. 0*rn do$n am!s a!!roximatel" ( 3 10 am!s, tilt metal *!&ill.
'. Use a $ea7e $eld, maintain s&ort arc, !a*se at edges, #ill in
excess on 'ot& ends.
>. 9m!ortant, Allo$ metal to cool slo$l" *nder a !late o# metal
a!!roximatel" 2( min*tes *ndist*r'ed.
8. ;rind $eld to same si=e as !arent metal 3 Use g*ide ?at eac& 'elt
sander@. .o not nic4 'ase metal $&ile grinding.
B. 0a4e metal to instr*ctor #or testing.
60
o
1/4" E 1 1/4" metal
3/32"
)o!!er -late Bac4*! tri!
%irst -ass econd -ass
210A-82
CURRENT 1LOW
A-C- CURRENT DIRECTION
Electro%e
Gro#%
1F90
t!
of ( "eco%
D-C- *TRAIG@T 0OLARIT>
Electro%e
Gro#%
D-C- REVER*E 0OLARIT>
Electro%e
Gro#%
210AC43
TEE JOINT CONNECTIONS
ingle Be7el .o*'le Be7el
ingleCF Foint .o*'leCF Foint
210AC44
9.E:09%G9:; WE2.9:; 1/.
E C 6011
Electric 0ensile Welding !ecial
Welding trengt& -osition )&aracteristics
0ensile trengt&
60 H 60,000 !o*nds
!*ll strengt& !er inc&
>0 H >0,000 !o*nds
!*ll strengt& !er inc&
110H110,000 !o*nds
!*ll strengt& !er inc&
Etc.
A) H Alternating
)*rrent
.)1-H.irect )*rrent
1e7erse -olarit" or
.)I ?-ositi7e@
.)-H.irect )*rrent
traig&t -olarit" or
.)C ?:egati7e@
Welding -osition
1 H A'le to $eld in all
!ositions. %lat,
&ori=ontal, o7er&ead,
etc.
2 H %lat and &ori=ontal
#illets onl".
3 H %lat onl" ?/ld st"le
not *sed 7er" m*c&
an"more.@
!ecial )&aracteristics
0 H .ee! !enetration,
)ell*lose sodi*m coating,
.)1-
1 H .ee! !enetration,
)ell*lose !otassi*m coating, A),
.)1-
2 H Aed. !enetration,
0itania sodi*m coating,
A) .)-
3 H &allo$ !enetration,
0itania !otassi*m coating,
A), .)1-, .)-
4 H Aed. !enetration,
0itania iron !o$der coating,
A), .)1-, .)-
( H Aoderate !enetration
2o$C&"drogen sodi*m
.)1-
6 H Aoderate !enetration
2o$C&"drogen !otassi*m
A), .)1-
> H Aed. !enetration,
iron !o$der, iron oxide
A), .)1-, .)-
8 H Aed. !enetration,
9ron !o$der, lo$C&"drogen,
A), .)1-
210AC4(
9.E:09%G9:; WE2.9:; 1/.
E C 6011
Electric 0ensile Welding !ecial
Welding trengt& -osition )&aracteristics
210A-89
210A-8;