This document discusses fire safety, including the chemistry and causes of fire, classifications of fires, fire prevention methods, and firefighting equipment. It explains that a fire requires fuel, oxygen, and an ignition source. Fires are classified based on the type of fuel involved. Common causes of industrial fires include electrical, friction, foreign substances, and smoking. Portable fire extinguishers discussed include water, foam, dry chemical, and carbon dioxide types. Sprinklers are also addressed. Confined and unconfined vapor cloud explosions are explained.
This document discusses fire safety, including the chemistry and causes of fire, classifications of fires, fire prevention methods, and firefighting equipment. It explains that a fire requires fuel, oxygen, and an ignition source. Fires are classified based on the type of fuel involved. Common causes of industrial fires include electrical, friction, foreign substances, and smoking. Portable fire extinguishers discussed include water, foam, dry chemical, and carbon dioxide types. Sprinklers are also addressed. Confined and unconfined vapor cloud explosions are explained.
This document discusses fire safety, including the chemistry and causes of fire, classifications of fires, fire prevention methods, and firefighting equipment. It explains that a fire requires fuel, oxygen, and an ignition source. Fires are classified based on the type of fuel involved. Common causes of industrial fires include electrical, friction, foreign substances, and smoking. Portable fire extinguishers discussed include water, foam, dry chemical, and carbon dioxide types. Sprinklers are also addressed. Confined and unconfined vapor cloud explosions are explained.
This document discusses fire safety, including the chemistry and causes of fire, classifications of fires, fire prevention methods, and firefighting equipment. It explains that a fire requires fuel, oxygen, and an ignition source. Fires are classified based on the type of fuel involved. Common causes of industrial fires include electrical, friction, foreign substances, and smoking. Portable fire extinguishers discussed include water, foam, dry chemical, and carbon dioxide types. Sprinklers are also addressed. Confined and unconfined vapor cloud explosions are explained.
TRIANGLE According to the old concept three elements re necessr! to strt "re# The! re$ %#F&el # '#o(!gen # )#Het or so&rce o* ignition # Fire is not possi+le i* n! one o* this element is not ,il+le# -!rmid o* "re According to the concept *or elements re necessr! to strt "re$ %# F&el.com+&sti+le mteril nd red&cing gent/ '#O(!gen or o(idnt or o(diser.*rom the tmosphere/ )#Het or so&rce o* ignition# 0#Chin rection thro&gh rdicls to mintin the "re# Fire is rpid chemicl o(idtion red&ction rection1 o(!gen in the ir cts s n o(idiser1 *&el cts s red&cing nd +&rning mteril# It is n o(idtion o* s&+stnce.*&el/ ccompnied +! het1 light nd 2me# D&e to incomplete com+&stion1 it e,ol,es smo3e nd cr+on mono(ide 4hich cretes in,isi+ilit! nd to(ic tmosphere *or "re "ghter# CLASSIFICATION ON FIRE A5 Fire in,ol,ing ordinr! compti+le mteril li3e 4ood1 te(tile1 pper1 "+res etc or ,eget+les 4here the cooling e6ect o* 4ter is essentil *or e(tinction# 75 Fire in 2mm+le li8&ids li3e oil1 grese1 sol,ents1 petrole&m prod&cts1,rnishes1 pints etc 4here +ln3eting e6ect is essentil#. *om1 co'1DC-1 snd +&c3et/# C5 Fire in,ol,ing gseo&s s&+stnces &nder press&re 4here it is necessr! to dil&te the +&rning gs t ,er! *st rte 4ith n inert gs nd po4der# .co'1 DC-/# D5 Fire in,ol,ing metls li3e mgnesi&m1 Al&mini&m1 9inc1 potssi&m1 etc 4here the +&rning metl is recti,e to 4ter nd 4hich re8&ires specil e(ting&ishing medi or techni8&e# . DCp1 specil dr! po4der *or metl "re snd +&c3et /# E 5 Fire in,ol,ing electricl e8&ipment 4here the electricl non cond&cti,it! o* the e(ting&ishing medi is o* "rst importnce# .co'1DC-1 snd +&c3et sme s climer A : + "re/# COMMON CA;SES OF IND;STRIAL FIRE$ CA;SES OF FIRE < Electricl %= Friction %0 Foreign s&+stnce %' Open 2mes = Smo3ing : mtches > Spontneo&s ignition ? Hot s&r*ces ? Not determin+le @ Miscellneo&s A O,erlod mterils ) Sttic electricls ' FIRE LOAD DETERMINATION Fire lod is the concentrtion or commit o* com+&sti+le mteril in +&idind per s8 mt o* 2oor re# It is de"ned d the mo&nt o* het relesed in 3ilo clories +! the *&el per s8 meter o* the re o* premises# Fire lods re &se*&l to clc<e the 4ter re8&irement to 8&ench the "re# As 4hen 4ter comes in contct 4ith +&rning s&r*ce1 it +sor+s het# % cc o* 4ter +sor+s % cl o* het 4hen the tempert&re is rised +! % degree celci&s# Then it sho&ld +e considered tht ll *&el does not +&rn t time nd ll 4ter does not +sor+s het s it 2o4s 4!# 5 lo4 "re lod B % l3h 7 Th & 5 moderte "re lod 7et4een % to ' l3h 7 th & 5 higher "re lod more thn ' lCh 7 th & FIRE RESISTANT 7;ILDING MATERIAL There re three t!pes o* mteril$ %# Non 2mm+le ,i9 metl1+ric31 cl!1 s+estos1 concrete1 gr,els1 cermics1 etc# '#Hrdl! 2mm+le li3e st4 +ric31 dr! g!ps&m plster1 "re +ord1 linole&m1 etc# )# Flmm+le s orgnic origin li3e 4ood1 crd+ord1 *elt1 pper1 etc# FIRE SAFETY OF 7;ILDING -LANT1 EDIT1 EE;I-MENT A "re stopping is "re chee3 4ell or non 2mm+le mteril 4ith "re resistnce limit o* t lest '#A h# it m! +e +lend or 4ith "re resisting door or gtes# Stopping cn +e internl e(ternl1roo* or seprte "re proo* 4lls# The! re contr&cted to intersect the 2oor1 ceilings nd roo*s 4ith "re +ord o* )F cm o,er roo* *rom non 2mm+le mterils# Fire resistnt limit o* doors nd gtes in stopping sho&ld +e more thn %#A h# The totl re o* s&ch opening sho&ld not +e more thn 'A< o* the totl s&r*ce re o* the stopping# FIRE -REGENTION %# Detection +! dectectors .lrms/# '# Elemintion o* h9rd or so&rce o* ignition# )# Control o,er com+&sti+les in storge hndling nd process# This is n cti,it! directed to4rds elimintion o* possi+le nd potentil so&rces o* "res# It minl! indictes mes&res to ,oid inception o* "res 4here the so&rce cnnot +e eliminted or ,oided1 e(ercise s&Hcient control lso in,ol,es control o,er hndling1 storge nd process o* com+&sti+les# -ORTA7LE FIRE EDTING;ISHERS Iter s!stem1 cr+on dio(ide1 *om e(ting&isher1 Dcp1 %# Sod cid .4ter t!pe e(ting&isher/$ The e(ting&isher is &se*&l *or clss A "re# It sho&ld not +e &sed on "re o* electricit!1 oil1 chemicl or metl# ItJs norml cpcit! is = lits .%0 3g/ nd to +e &sed in the rnge o* @ to > mts# It cons&mes 4ithin % to %#A mins# It sho&ld +e chec3ed e,er! three months# It is held ,erticll! &p +! stnding &pto 0 to A mt 4! *rom the "re *ter opening the pl&nger# It is str&c3 on the hrd s&r*ce# A smll .H'so0/ +ottle +re3s nd d&e to its mi(t&re 4ith sod +icr+onte sol&tion1 co' is generted# -resence o* co' thro4s 4ter t distnce# Its +ottom : hndle re held +! t4o hnds nd 4ter is pr!ed on "re to e(ting&ish it# FOAM EDTING;ISHER It is &sed on grde + smll "re# It sho&ld not +e &sed on metl or electricl "re# It is ,il+le in = lit c!linder nd is &sed in 0 to @ mt rnge# It cons&mes 4ithin %#A mins# It is ,il+le in 4heel mo&nted trolle! o* %> lits nd %AF ltr cpcit! *or longer &se# It sho&ld +e chec3ed e,er! three months# 7! stnding ) to 0 mts 4! *rom the "re1 the pl&nger is p&lled &p nd t&rned right &pto slot# It is sh3ed +! t&rning %>F degree t4ice# Then it is held in,erted# 7! chemicl rection co' is generted 4hich thro4s *om o&tside# The *om is not thro4n directl! in "re +&t it is thro4n on nerer hrd s&r*ce so tht +ec&se o* stri3ing *&rther *om is generted nd spred on +&rning s&r*ce# It stops o(!gen ,il+ilit! *or +&rning nd contols the "re# Fom is e6ecti,e &pto %'F degree celci&s onl!# The! m3e &s lert *or "re "ghting# The min *&nction o* n! "re detection s!stem re$ %# To gi,e lrm to strt &p e(ting&ishing proced&re# '# To gi,e erl! 4rning to re occ&pnts to escpe# IATER S-RINCLERS THEY ARE OF SID TY-ES$ IET -I-E1 DRY -I-E1-RE ACTION DEL;GE1 COM7INED DRY -I-E : -RE ACTION : S-RINCLER *or limited 4ter s&ppl! s!stem# A&tomtic lrms seprted +! the 2o4 o* 4ter sho&ld +e prt o* sprin3ler instlltion# S&ch n lrm m! +e connected to centrl "re s!stem# the sprin3ler sho&ld +e reg&lrl! chec3ed to ,oid their *il&re to 4or3# Sprin3ler sho&ld +e selected on the +sis o* tempert&re rting nd occ&pnc!# Their t!pes re either het element or chemicl melt or e(pnds to open the sprin3lers# Amo&nt o* 4ter re8&ired depends on ris3 protected1 H, rnge +et4een F#F0 to F#A%0 lK .mLm/ M HERE SOME pge IS MISSING & didnt send meN ?# Do&+le gtes .one *or enter1 one *or e(it/ &no+str&cted inner rods nd proper sign +ord shll +e displ!ed# ># Ho&se 3eeping shll +e reg&lrl! chec3ed : mterils remo,ed# =# Fire 4ter1 4or3ing order o* "(ed "re instlltion nd plcement o* chrged port+le e(ing&ishers sho&ld +e reg&lrl! chec3ed# %F# Alternte po4er so&ce shll +e 3ept red!# %%# R&nners shll +e rrnged to ct in the e,ent o* comm&niction *il&re# %'# Distincti,e grment or cp1 +nd1 etc shll +e gi,en to the emergenc! controller# %)# Decide ssem+l! prints *or s*e gthering +! other people# %0# 3eep rrngement *or medicl1 sec&rit!1 nd trnsport in rediness to hndle the emergenc!# %A# Trin "re "ghting cre41 medicl st6 nd other 4or3ers *or their emergenc! time nd proper emergenc! time cti,ities# %@# It sho&ld +e ss&red +e*ore restrting the norml 4or3 tht "re is *&ll! e(ting&ished1 en,ironment is cooled1 de+ris remo,ed1 etc# CONFINED AND ;NCONFINED GA-O;R CLO;D ED-LOSION$ De2grtion nd detontion disc&ssed erlier re con"ned e(plosions s the! occ&r in procen ,essel +&ilding or pie 4or3 in ; in con"ned spce# The onl! condition necessr! re tht thethe gs mi(t&re sho&ld +e 4ithin e(plosi,eKdeton+les rngend there sho&ld +e so&rce o* ignition oror the mi(t&re sho&ld h,e +een heted to its &to ignition tempert&re# Trnsition *rom de*rgrtion to detontion. mostl! in pipe lines/ is lso possi+le# An &ncon"ned ,po&r clo&d e(plosion.;;CE/ occ&rs in open t distnce *rom the point o* ,po&r relese nd thretens lrger re# A lrge relese o* 2mm+le ,po&r snd clo&d *ormtions e(plodes 4hen spr3 or *riction is ,il+le# Tho&gh it is rre possi+ilit! +&t hs more potentil to dmge# Some iss&e connected to con"ned nd &ncon"ned GCE re s &nder$ %# Determintion o* detontion limit# '# Mss o* mteril relesed nd post ,po&rised# )# -ossi+ilit! *rom de2grtion to detontion# 0# -ro++ilit! o* e(plosion or "re# A# -ro++ilit! nd techni8&e o* ignition o* clo&d# @# Dil&tion d&e to ir entrinment# ?# Distnce tr,elled +! clo&d +e*ore ignition# ># Nt&re o* *lme propgtion# =# T!pes o* e6*ects o* e(plosion# ;GCE d&e to h!drogen re &n&s&l +&t did occ&r #H!drogen ,enting sho&l +e directl! to tmosphere ,i m<iple ,ent or +! 2re# 7LEGE. 7oilingli8&id e(pnding ,po&r e(plosion /$ Ihen tn3 or press&re ,essel contining li8&id or li8&i"ed gs+o,e it +oiling point *ils or r&pt&res1 the contents relese s t&r+&lent mi(t&re o* li8&id nd gs e(pnding rpidl! nd disposing in ir s clo&d# Ihen this clo&d is ignited1 "re +ll occ&rs c&sing enormo&s het rditions intensit! 4ithin *e4 seconds# This het is is s&Hcient to c&se se,ere s3in +&rns or deths 4ithin *e4 h&ndred meters depending on the mss o* the gs in,ol,ed# A 7LEGE in,ol,ing sot -ropne to&ch cn c&se )rd degree +&rn O 'FF mt : +lister O 0FF mt# S-ECIAL -RECA;TIONARY MEAS;RES FOR CONTROL OF FIRE AND ED-LOSION IN CO;RSE OF HANDLING AND -ROCESSING OF FLAMMA7LE LIE;ID1 GASES1 GA-O;RS1 MISTS1 D;STS1 ETC$ Fire nd e(plosion in *lmm+le s&+stnce is possi+le onl! 4hen it le3s nd *orms ,po&r in e(plosi,e rnge# There*ore the "rst step necessr! is to reg&lrl! chec3 the tn31 continer1 piping e8&ipment1 etc *or le3ge nd to stop it# Depending on the ,po&r densit!1 ,entiltions sho&ld +e pro,ided t the +ottom or &pper le,el to remo,e cc&m<ion o* 2mm+le ,po&r# I* +ec&se o* heting or cooling1 the ,po&r densit! is chng+le1 the ,entiltionKe(h&st s!stem sho&ld +e designed *or operting conditions nd not *or MSDS ,l&e# Nt&rl ,entiltion openings cn +e pro,ided ner 2oor1 ner ceiling or +oth# Locl e(h&st ,entiltion 4ith e(plosion# proo* electricl e8iponnt is the +est mes&re# ;n+&rnt gses or 2mm+le ,po&rs in com+&stion chm+er o* heter1 o,ens1 +ric3s1 *&rnces m! *orm n e(plosi,e mi(t&re# So in the e,ent oPme *il&res proper ,enting or p&rging time sho&ld +e llo4ed or time recognition p&rge c!cle sho&ld +e *ollo4ed# A gs detector cn +e &sed to chec3 e(plosi,e rnge in the s&spected re# Gs ,l,es nd Qoints sho&ld +e *re8&entl& chec3ed *or le3s# I* gs is present1 ,entiltion sho&ld +e llo4ed +e*ore restrting# So&rce o* ignition is nother contri+&tion *ctor *or "re nd e(plosion# ;se o* 2meK smo3e detector1 *me proo* electric e8&ipment1 proper erthing to dischrge sttic electricit!1 chec3ing o* spr3 or het generting processes :their control1 hot 4or3 permit1 etc re the remedies mes&re# -RECA;TION FOR -ESTICIDE FIRE$ -rohi+ition o* smo3ing13eeping 2mm+le pesticide 4! *rom s&n1 het : so&rce o* ignitions1 3eeping people 4! *rom ris31 clling *or help i* neede1 clening &p re : clothing *ter e(ting&ishing the "re# Medicl ttention nd tretment 4itho&t loss o* time re necessr! i* n! person is d,ersel! 6ected# -RECA;TIONS AGAIN ELECTRIC FI7RES$ 5 Ihere electricl trns*ormers1 s4itchgers1 motors or electricl pprt&s re contined in room R tlest DC-1 co' e(ting&isher.cpS'3g/ shll +e pro,ided 4ithin %A m distnce *rom tht room# 5 In other rooms 4here motors nd Kor other electricl mchiner! re there 1 tlest DC-1 co' e(ting&ishers .cpS'3g/ shll +e pro,ided 4ithin %A mt distnce *rom s&ch room# 5 Ihere electricl motors re instlled on plt*orm one DCp or co' e(ting&isher.cpS'3g/ shll +e pro,ided *or three motors on or +elo4 the plt*orm#