एकथरी बाफिया

a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL sfg"gdf ;+zf]wg / Plss/0f ug{ ag]sf] ljw]os
k|:tfjgfM a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf, ;~rfng, Joj:yfkg, lgodg, lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0fsf
;DaGwdf cfjZos sfg"gL Joj:yf u/L d'n'ssf] ;du| a}+ls tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLk|lt ;j{;fwf/0fsf]
ljZj;gLotf clej[l4 ug{, lgIf]kstf{sf] xs lxtsf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ug{, a}+sljQLo ;+:yfx? aLr
:j:y k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ /fli6o cy{tGqnfO{ ;jn Pj+ ;'b[9 t'NofO{ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo tyf e/kbf]{
a}+ls tyf ljQLo dWo:ytf ;]jf pknAw u/fpg / ljQLo :yfloTj sfod ug{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf
;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gdf ;+zf]wg / Plss/0f u/L ;dofg's"n agfpg jf~5gLo ePsf]n],
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f *# adf]lhd Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] x}l;otdf ;+ljwfg ;efn]
of] P]g agfPsf] 5 .
kl/R5]b!
k|f/lDes
;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/DeM -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g,
!=
@)&! /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] P]g g]kfn /fHoe/ nfu" x'g]5 / g]kfndf :yflkt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfn
aflx/ vf]n]sf sfof{no ;d]tnfO{ nfu" x'g]5 .
-#_ of] P]g t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
kl/efiffM ljifo jf k|;n] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,
@=
-s_
cbfnt eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] ;xdlt lnO{ g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf
k|sfzg u/L tf]lslbPsf] cbfntsf] jfl0fHo Ohnfz ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_
cWoIf eGgfn] ;ldltsf] cWoIf ;Demg' k5{ .
-u_
Ohfhtkq eGgfn] a}ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ /fi6 a}+sn] o; P]g adf]lhd a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfddf hf/L u/]sf] Ohfhtkq ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_
Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yf eGgfn] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ o; P]g adf]lhd
Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/]sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ .
-_
Ohfhtk|fKt sf/f]jf/ eGgfn] o; P]g adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o; P]g adf]lhd
Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/L ug]{ sf/f]jf/ ;Demg' k5{ .
pNn]Vo :jfldTj eGgfn] s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfn] PSn} jf cGo JolQm jf ;+:yf;+u ldln
;+o'Qm ?kdf s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k"Flhsf] bz k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/
-r_
-5_
-h_
-em_
-`_
-6_
-7_
-8_
-9_
-0f_
-t_
-y_
lnPsf] jf z]o/ :jfldTjsf sf/0f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgdf k|efj kfg{ ;Sg]]
cj:yf ;Demg' k5{ .
C0fL eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lng], shf{ lng hdfgt a:g] jf shf{sf]
;'/If0f jfkt lwtf] hdfgt lbg] s'g} klg JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ .
shf{ eGgfn] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL, ;+:yf jf cGo Jofkfl/s k|lti7fgnfO{ shf{ k|jfx ug]{,
k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf k|Tofe"lt ug]{ / To;sf] abnfdf shf{ k|jfx ug]{, To:tf shf{sf] Aofh
jf cGo b:t'/, k'g/shf{, shf{sf] k'g;{+/rgf / gjLs/0f, shf{ r'Qmfsf] nflu hf/L
ul/Psf] hdfgL tyf cGo jrga4tf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] shf{ /
;f]sf] ;fFjf, Aofh, xhf{gf tyf cGo /sd c;"nL ug]{ clwsf/ tyf /fi6 a}+sn] ;fj{hlgs
;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]lslbPsf] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] C0f;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
sfo{sf/L k|d'v eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v, sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs,
k|aGw lgb]{zs, k|aGw ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L ;~rfns, dxfk|aGws jf a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ cGo s'g} klg kbflwsf/L ;Demg' k5{ .
sfof{no eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] g]kfn / g]kfn aflx/ /x]sf] s'g} klg sfof{no, zfvf, pkzfvf,
k|zfvf, Onfsf, k|ltlglw jf ;Dks{ sfof{no tyf ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;:yfsf]] g]kfndf
/x]sf] zfvf sfof{no nufotsf cGo h'g;'s} sfof{no ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
v'b ;DklQ -g]6 jy{_ eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] s'n
hfoh]yfaf6 r'Qmf k"FhL tyf z]o/wgLsf] xs nfUg] h'g;'s} gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] hu]8f sf]if
jf ;l~rt d'gfkmf jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} Voflt eP ;f] afx]ssf] hf]lvd sf]if
;lxtsf] cGo ;Dk"0f{ bfloTj /sd / ;+slnt gf]S;fgL jf ckn]vg x'g afFsL vr{x? eP
;f];d]t sf u/L afFsL /x]sf] /sdnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
u}/ sfo{sf/L ;~rfns eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] b}lgs sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{
sfo{sf/L ;~rfns jfx]ssf] cGo ;~rfns ;Demg' k5{ .
rNtL vftf eGgfn] u|fxsn] dfu]sf] avt hlxn] klg lemSg kfpg] u/L a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfdf /flvPsf] /sdsf] x/lx;fa n]lvPsf] vftf ;Demg' k5{ .
hf]lvdefl/t ;DklQ eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jf;nftleqsf] / jf;nftaflx/sf]
k|To]s zLif{sdf /x]sf] /sdnfO{ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] 9fFrfdf tf]lslbPsf] hf]lvdef/n]
u'0fg u/L lgsflnPsf] s"n ;DklQ ;Demg' k5{ .
t/n ;DklQ eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gub df}Hbft, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] rNtL
vftfdf /fv]sf] df}Hbft, /fi6 a}+sdf /fv]sf] df}Hbft / /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf t/n
;DklQ egL lgwf{/0f ul/lbPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ ;Demg' k5{ .
tf]lsP adf]lhd eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf lgod jf ljlgoddf tf]lsPsf] jf
tf]lsP adf]lhd ;Demg' k5{ .
lwtf]kq eGgfn] a}+s, ljQLo ;+:yf jf s'g} ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf] z]o/, :6s,
a08, l8a]Gr/, l8a]Gr/ :6s jf ;fd"lxs nufgL of]hgf ;DaGwL k|df0fkq jf g]kfn
;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf] jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] hdfgtdf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf] k|df0fkq,
artkq jf a08 ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] lwtf]kq ahf/dfkm{t\ sf/f]af/ x'g ;Sg] jf
x:tfGt/0f x'g;Sg] egL af]8{n] tf]lslbPsf] cGo lwtf]kq jf To:tf] lwtf]kq vl/b ljqmL
jf ljlgdo ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/kq ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .

-b_
lgodfjnL eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodfjnL ;Demg' k5{ .
-w_
lgIf]k eGgfn] Jofh jf ljgf Jofh lkmtf{ lbg] u/L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] rNtL, art
jf d'2tL vftfdf hDdf ePsf] /sd ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf
lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ljleGg a}+ls tyf ljQLo pks/0fsf]
dfWodaf6 :jLsf/ ug]{ /sd ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
kbflwsf/L eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, sDkgL ;lrj /
s'g} ljifodf lg0f{o ug{] clVtof/L k|fKt clws[t:t/sf] sd{rf/L ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;Nnfxsf/, n]vfk/LIfs / lnSjL8]6/ eO{ sfd ug]{ JolQm
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-g_
-k_
kl/jf/ eGgfn] ;DalGwt JolQmsf] ;uf]ndf /x]sf klt jf kTgL, 5f]/f, cljjflxt 5f]/L,
wd{k'q, cljjflxt wd{k'qL, afa', cfdf, ;f}t]gL cfdf / cfk"mn] kfng kf]if0f ug'{ kg]{ bfh',
efO / cljjflxt lbbL, alxgL ;Demg' k5{ . t/ o; kl/efiffn] c+zj08 u/L dfgf] 5'l6\6O{
cf cfkm\gf] k]zf Joj;fo u/L a;]sf kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ ;d]6\g] 5}g .
-km_
k|tLtkq eGgfn] s'g} Ps a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
gfddf s'g} JolQmsf] lglZrt /sdn] vfd];Ddsf] r]s, 8f6, jf ljlgd]okq :jLsf/ ug'{
egL n]v]sf] kq ;Demg' k5{ .
-a_
k"FhL eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] clws[t k"FhL, hf/L k"FhL jf r'Qmf k"FhL ;Demg'
k5{ .
-e_
k"FhLsf]if eGgfn] /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|fylds k"FhL /
k"/s k"FhLsf] of]u ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]s]sf] cGo sf]if jf
/sd ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-d_
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+s eGgfn] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfdf dfq nufgL ug]{ u/L
o; P]g adf]lhd ;+:yfkgf ePsf] ;Demg' k5{ .
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; -;DaGwL_ kl/of]hgf eGgfn] ;8s, ;'? dfu{, k"n, c:ktfn tyf
:jf:Yo ;DaGwL kl/of]hgf, gx/, ljB't pTkfbg u[x, ljB't k|zf/0f nfO{g, ljB't ljt/0f,
s]j'nsf/ nfOg, /]Nj] nfOg, b'/;+rf/ g]6js{, xf]6]n tyf l/;f]6{, UofF; jf t]nsf] pTvgg\
jf kfOk nfOg, ;'Vvf aGb/ufx, 6lna; ;+/rgf, 6fdj], hndfu{, kl/jxg lj;f}gL :yn,
ljdfg:yn, kfs{, cf}wf]lus If]qx?, zx/L ljsf;, hnf;o afFw, 9nlgsf;, kmf]xf]/ d}nf
k|zf]wg tyf Joj:yfkg KnfG6, a}slNks phf{ pTkfbg / ljt/0f, /zfnf, ;efu[x,
;fj{hlgs uf]bfd 3/ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf k"jf{wf/ ljsf;
kl/of]hgf cGtu{tsf sfo{x? egL tf]lslbPsf cGo o:t} k"jf{wf/ ljsf; kl/of]hgf
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
k|aGwkq eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq ;Demg' k5{ .
-o_
-/_
-n_
k|fylds k"FhL eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k"FhL, z]o/ lk|ldod, lkmtf{ gx'g]
cu|flwsf/ z]o/, ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]if / ;l~rt gfkmfgf]S;fg zLif{sdf /x]sf] /sd
;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf k|fylds k"FhL egL tf]lslbPsf] cGo
3
zLif{sdf /x]sf] sf]if jf /sd ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .

-j_
-z_
k|fKt ug{] ;+:yf eGgfn] o; P]g adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cfkm"df ;dflxt ug{]
d"n ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ .
k|flKt ug{] eGgfn] Pp6f Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{
;DklQ tyf ;Defljt bfloTjsf] x/lx;fj u/L ;+:yfsf] sfg'gL x}l;ot ;dfKt x'g]u/L
cfkm"df ;dflxt ug{] sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] nlIft ;+:yfn] k|fKt ug{] ;+:yfdf
ljno x'g' k"j{ u/]sf ;Dk"0f{ s/f/Lo bfloTj ;d]t :jLsf/ ug{] sfo{ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-if_
art vftf eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldf;Ddsf] /sd dfq u|fxsn]
lemSg kfpg] u/L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /flvPsf] /sdsf] x/lx;fa n]lvPsf] vftf
;Demg' k5{ .
-;_
af]g; z]o/ eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] d'gfkmfaf6 ePsf] art jf cGo sf]ifnfO{
k"FhLs/0f u/L z]o/wgLx?nfO{ cltl/Qm z]o/sf] ?kdf hf/L ul/Psf] z]o/ ;Demg' k5{ /
;f] zAbn] art jf cGo sf]ifnfO{ k"FhLs/0f u/L z]o/sf] r'Qmf /sd j[l4 u/]sf] cj:yf
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-x_
a}+s eGgfn] bkmf %@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{
;+:yfkgf ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] g]kfndf /x]sf] ljb]zL a}+ssf]
zfvf jf cGo sfof{no, g]kfndf :yflkt a}+sn] g]kfn aflx/ vf]n]sf]] zfvf jf cGo
sfof{no tyf bkmf %@ sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd sfo{ ug]{ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+s ;d]tnfO{
hgfpF5 .
-If_
a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ eGgfn] bkmf %@ adf]lhdsf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]jf/
;Demg' k5{ .
-q_
d'2tL vftf eGgfn] u|fxsn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lglZrt cjlw;Dd hDdf /xg] u/L
/fv]sf] /sdsf] x/lx;fa n]lvPsf] vftf ;Demg' k5{ .
-1_
/fi6 a}+s P]g eGgfn] g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* ;Demg' k5{ .
-ss_ /fi6 a}+s eGgfn] g]kfn /fi6 a}+s ;Demg' k5{ .

-sv_ nfef+z eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o; P]g tyf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lbg] gub
nfef+z, cGtl/d nfef+; jf af]g; z]o/ ;Demg' k5{ .
-su_
nlIft ;+:yf eGgfn] o; P]g adf]lhd k|flKt ug{] ;+:yfdf ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQ tyf bfloTj
;d]t ;dflxt x'g hfg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ .
-s3_
Jofj;flos ;~rfns eGgfn] bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Joj;flos

;~rfnssf] kbdf lgo'Qm JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-s_
jf;nftaflx/sf] sf/f]af/ eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] bfloTj Joxf]g'{ kg]{ ;Defjgf
ePsf] k|lttkq, hdfgtkq, :jLsf/kq, k|lta4tf, ljb]zL ljlgdo ;DaGwL :jfk, cK;g,
clu|d sf/f]af/ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] /fi6 a}+saf6 ;do ;dodf tf]lslbPsf
pks/0fsf] sf/f]af/ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .

-sr_ ljQLo ;+:yf eGgfn] bkmf %@ sf] pkbkmf -@_, -#_ jf -$_ adf]lhdsf] a}+ls tyf
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;+:yfkgf ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ljsf; a}+s,
ljQ sDkgL, n3' ljQ ljQLo ;+:yf jf ljb]zL ljQLo ;+:yfsf] g]kfndf /x]sf] ;f]xL
adf]lhdsf] zfvf jf cGo sfof{no / g]kfndf :yflkt ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfn aflx/
vf]n]sf] zfvf jf cGo sfof{no ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-s5_
ljQLo :jfy{ eGgfn] ;+:yfks jf ;~rfns, Ps k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf]
z]o/wgL jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf To:tf] JolQmsf] kl/jf/ jf ;~rfns dgf]lgt ug]{ clwsf/
kfPsf] JolQm, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] s'g} kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf
k"FhLsf] bz k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L x'g] u/L 5'f5'} jf ;+o'Qm ?kdf z]o/ vl/b u/]df
To:tf] JolQm jf JolQmx?sf] bz k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf a9L z]o/ :jfldTj /x]sf] ;+:yfdf
lghx?sf] ljQLo :jfy{ /x]sf] ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf ljQLo
sf/f]jf/sf] k|s[lt / cj:yf x]/L ljQLo :jfy{ egL tf]lslbPsf] :jfy{ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-sh_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvf eGgfn] g]kfndf zfvf sfof{no :yfkgf u/L a}+ls
tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ o; P]g adf]lhd /fi6 a}+saf6 Ohfhtkq k|fKt s'g} klg ljb]zL
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvf ;Demg' k5{ .
-sem_ ljB'tLo /sdfGt/ eGGffn] 6]lnkmf]g, 6]n]S;, sDKo'6/ jf DofUg]l6s 6]k jf To:t}
k|sf/sf cGo ljB'tLo pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 lgIf]k lng], e'QmfgL lbg], /sdfGt/ ug]{
sf/f]af/ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] 6ld{gn, c6f]d]6]8 6]n/ d]lzg / Sof; l8:k]lG;
d]lzgsf] dfWodaf6 x'g] sf/f]af/, rfh{ sf8{, 8]la6 sf8{ tyf q]ml86 sf8{af6 x'g]
sf/f]af/ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-s`_
ljj/0fkq eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] bkmf * adf]lhd k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ ljj/0fkq
;Demg' k5{ .
-s6_
z]o/ eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ k"FhLsf] ljeflht c+z ;Demg' k5{ .
-s7_
z]o/wgL eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/df :jfldTj ePsf] JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-s8_
;Da4 JolQm eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf lghsf]] kl/jf/sf]
pNn]Vo :jfldTj /x]sf] s'g} kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf jf To:tf] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfdf
pNn]Vo :jfldTj /x]sf] s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf jf ;f]df pNn]Vo :jfldTj /fVg]
;f]sf lxtflwsf/L ;Demg' k5{ .
-s9_
;+:yfks eGgfn] o; P]g adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{sf] nflu k|aGwkq
tyf lgodfjnLdf slDtdf Ps z]o/ lng dGh"/ u/L ;+:yfkssf] x}l;otn] x:tfIf/ ug]{
JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-s0f_
;ldlt eGgfn] bkmf !$ adf]lhd u7g x'g] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldlt
;Demg' k5{ .
-st_
;~rfns eGgfn] ;ldltsf] ;b:o ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ;ldltsf] cWoIf / j}slNks
;~rfns ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
kl/R5]b@
Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
#=
Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgfM -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{sf]
nflu Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ rfxg] s'g} klg JolQmn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd klAns lnld6]8 sDkgLsf] ?kdf btf{ u/fO{ ;+:yfkgf ug{' kg{]5 .
t/ of] P]g k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt ;+:yfkgf eO{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] of] pkbkmf adf]lhd btf{ ug{' kg{] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgL btf{ ug{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd clVtof/ kfPsf]
clwsf/Ln] sDkgL btf{ ubf{ bkmf $ sf] cwLgdf /xL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf
ug{ jf ;f]df nufgL ug{ ;Sg] JolQm, Joj;foLs jf Aofkfl/s If]q jf s'g} klg JolQmn] a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf nufgL ug{ ;Sg] z]o/ k"FhLsf] k|ltzt /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f
u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
$=
Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf ug{' k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ M -!_ bkmf # adf]lhd Af}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ rfxg] JolQmn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
btf{ ug{ lgj]bg lbg' cl3 b]xfosf sfuhft ;+nUg u/L /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] b:t'/ ;lxt k"j{
:jLs[ltsf] nflu /fi6 a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 M
-s_
k|:tfljt Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq,
-v_
k|:tfljt Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodfjnL,
-u_
k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg,
-3_
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf lgj]bsx?sf] JolQmut ljj/0f,
-_
k|:tfljt Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ lgj]bsx? aLr s'g} ;Demf}tf
ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] ;Demf}tfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk,
-r_
lgj]bsx?sf] nufgLsf] >f]tsf] v'n]sf] ljj/0f / o; bkmf adf]lhd lgj]bg
lbg' eGbf tTsfn cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{;Ddsf] s/ r'Qmf u/]sf] k|df0f,
-5_
k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgj]bs g]kfn jf ljb]zdf bfdf;fxLdf k/]
gk/]sf], s'g} a}s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lnP glnPsf], a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf;Fusf] s'g} sf/f]af/df sfnf];"rLdf k/] gk/]sf] olb k/]sf] eP ;f]
k'ms'jf eO{ tLg aif{ Joltt k'u] gk'u]sf] ljj/0f,
-h_
k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgj]bs g]kfn jf ljb]zdf 7uL, hfn;fhL,
jf s;"/hGo sfo{df ;+nUg eO{ sf/jfxL grn]sf] Pj+ o:tf] sfo{df ;hfo
gkfPsf] :j3f]if0ff,
-em_ k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgj]bs g]kfn jf ljb]zdf s'g} klg
lgodgsf/L jf ;'kl/j]If0f clwsf/Lsf] sf/afxLdf k/] gk/]sf], lgh /x]sf]
sDkgL jf ;+:yf Ohfhtkq lgnDag, /2 jf jfWofTds vf/]hLdf k/]sf] jf
kg]{ qmddf /x] g/x]sf] ljj/0f,
6
-`_
-6_
-7_
-8_
-@_
lbOg] 5}g M
-s_
-v_
-u_
k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgj]bssf] kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] gfd y/,

gftf tyf ;a}sf] pNn]Vo :jfldTj tyf pNn]Vo x}l;otsf] ljj/0f / lghx?
s'g} ;+:yfdf ;+rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L eO{ sfd u/]sf] eP k|To]s
JolQmsf] bhf{ ;d]t pNn]v ul/Psf] ljj/0f,
s'g} ;+:yf jf ;+ul7t ;+:yf ;+:yfks ePdf ;f]df pNn]Vo :jfldTj, pNn]Vo
x}l;ot /fVg] JolQmsf] o; pkbkmfdf pNn]v u/] adf]lhdsf ljj/0f /
kl5NNff] tLg cfly{s jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] ljQLo ljj/0f,
k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgj]bssf] ljQLo, kmf}Hbf/L / Jofj;flos
k[i7e"ldsf] ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] hfFra'em ug{ jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf
lgsfo dfkm{t hfFra'em u/fpg / To:tf] ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L cfbfg k|bfg
ug{ u/fpg ;xL5fk u/L /fi6 a}+snfO{ lbPsf] lnlvt clVtof/L,
/fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbPsf] cGo ljj/0f tyf sfuhftx? .
b]xfo adf]lhdsf JolQmx?nfO{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ k"j{ :jLs[tL
a}ls+u s;"/ ;DaGwL sf/afxLdf k/]sf],
7uL, hfn;fhL, lst{] u/L ;hfo kfPsf] JolQm,
/fi6 a}+ssf] lgodgsf/L sf/afxLdf k/]sf] .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k"j{ :jLs[ltsf] nflu lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf k]z x'g cfPsf
sfuhftsf] hfFra'em u/L /fi6 a}+sn] :jLs[lt lbg pko'Qm b]v]df s'g} zt{ tf]sL jf gtf]sL
To;/L lgj]bg kg{ cfPsf] Ps;o aL; lbg leq To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ k"j{
:jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 .
%=
ztk|ltzt jf ;+o'Qm nufgLdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{' k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg{] M -!_
s'g} ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfndf ;+:yfkgf ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf gful/s;+u
ldnL ;+o'Qm nufgLdf jf ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] ztk|ltzt z]o/ :jfldTj
sfod u/L ;xfos sDkgLsf] ?kdf o; P]g adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{' k"j{
bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbFbf b]xfo adf]lhdsf sfuhft tyf ljj/0f ;d]t
k]z ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
-_
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL tyf ;DalGwt d'n'sdf

pQm a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf btf{ ePsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk / k"FhL ;+/rgf,
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DalGwt d'n'sdf a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/
;~rfng ug{ k|fKt u/]sf] Ohfhtkqsf] k|ltlnkL,
sf/f]jf/ ug]{ d'Vo :yfg ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] kl5Nnf] tLg cfly{s
jif{sf] jf;nft / gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fasf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL,
g]kfndf k|:tfljt Joj;fosf] of]hgf, Jofj;flos /0fgLlt tyf ;+rfng ug]{
sf/f]af/sf] lsl;d, cfGtl/s lgoGq0f / hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-r_
-5_
^=
;DalGwt d'n'ssf] sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfndf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf vf]Ng

;DalGwt ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf / lgodgsf/L lgsfon] lbPsf]
clVtof/L,
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k"j{ :jLs[ltsf] nflu lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf k]z x'g cfPsf
sfuhftsf] hfFra'em u/L /fi6 a}+sn] :jLs[lt lbg pko'Qm b]v]df s'g} zt{ tf]sL jf gtf]sL
To;/L lgj]bg kg{ cfPsf] Ps;o aL; lbg leq To:tf] ;+o'Qm nufgL jf ztk|ltzt z]o/
nufgLdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ k"j{ :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+sn] k"j{ :jLs[tL lnO{ ;+rfngdf /x]sf]
:jb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] k|s[of k"/f u/L ;+o'Qm nufgLsf] ?kdf
z]o/ :jfldTj lng ;Sg]5 .
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvf jf cGo sfof{no vf]Ng :jLs[lt lng' kg{] M -!_ s'g}
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfn leq a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ jf u}/ a}+ls+u ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ug{ zfvf jf k|ltlglw jf ;Dks{ sfof{no vf]Ng rfx]df To:tf] zfvf jf
k|ltlglw jf ;Dks{ sfof{no vf]Ng' k"j{ :jLs[ltsf] nflu /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] b:t'/ ;lxt /fi6
a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 M
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbFbf To:tf] ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] bkmf %
sf] pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt ljj/0f tyf sfuhftsf] cltl/Qm b]xfo adf]lhdsf yk sfuhft
tyf ljj/0f ;d]t k]z ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] g]kfn l:yt zfvf jf k|ltlglw jf ;Dks{

sfof{non] u/]sf] Jofj;flos sfd sf/jfxLsf] ;DaGwdf cfgf] ;Dk"0f{
bfloTj k"/f ug{ cfjZos x'g] /sd tyf cGo s'g} klg bfloTj /fi6 a}+sn]
dfu u/]sf] avt pknAw u/fpgsf] nflu ;f]sf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] u/]sf]
lnlvt k|lta4tf,
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|:tfljt zfvf jf k|ltlglw jf ;Dks{
sfof{no /xg] :yfgsf] ljj/0f,
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|:tfljt zfvf jf k|ltlglw jf ;Dks{
sfof{nosf ;Defljt kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ljj/0f,
-#_
pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf sfuhft jf ljj/0f hfFrj'em ubf{ yk
sfuhft jf ljj/0f dfu ug{' kg{] b]lvPdf /fi6 a}+sn] ;DalGwt lgj]bsaf6 yk sfuhft jf
ljj/0f dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ bkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf sfuhft tyf pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd yk sfuhft
dfluPsf]df To:tf] sfuhft k|fKt ePkl5 k|fKt lgj]bg pk/ hfFrj'em ubf{ /fi6 a}+sn] k"j{
:jLs[lt lbg pko'Qm b]v]df s'g} zt{ tf]sL jf gtf]sL To;/L lgj]bg kg{ cfPsf] Ps;o aL;
lbgleq lgj]bs ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ g]kfndf zfvf jf k|ltlglw jf ;Dks{
sfof{no vf]Ng k"j{ :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_
s'g} ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt k|fKt
u/] kl5 k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ljb]zL sDkgLsf] zfvf jf k|ltlglw jf ;Dks{ sfof{nosf]
?kdf g]kfndf btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_
lgj]bs ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] zfvf jf k|ltlglw jf ;Dks{
sfof{nosf] ?kdf g]kfndf sfo{ ug{] :jLs[ltsf] nflu b]xfosf sfuhft tyf /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]s]sf] jflif{s z'Ns ;lxt /fi6 a}+sdf lgj]bg k]z ug{' kg{]5 M
-s_
zfvf jf k|ltlglw jf ;Dks{ sfof{nosf] ?kdf g]kfndf sfo{ ug{ k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] btf{ k|df0fkq,
-v_
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DalGwt d'n'ssf] sfg"g adf]lhd To:tf]
d'n'ssf] ;/sf/ jf s]Gb|Lo a}+s jf lgodg ug]{ lgsfon] g]kfndf To:tf]
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfndf zfvf jf k|ltlglw jf ;Dks{ sfof{no
vf]Ng lbPsf] :jLs[lt jf ;xdlt kq .
-u_
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvf jf k|ltlglw jf ;Dks{ sfof{no
:yfkgf ug{ /fi6 a}+sdf lgj]bg k]z u/]kl5 jf /fi6 a}+saf6 cg'dlt lnPkl5
To:tf] ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o; P]g adf]lhd k"/f ug'{ kg]{ s'g}
s'/fdf km/s k/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f,
-3_
/fi6 a}+sn] dfu u/] adf]lhdsf] cGo hfgsf/L tyf ljj/0f .
-&_
pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd k|fKt lgj]bg pk/ hfFrj'em ubf{ /fi6 a}+sn] o; P]g
adf]lhd ;a} cfwf/ k'u]sf] kfPdf To:tf] ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ g]kfndf zfvf jf
k|ltlglw jf ;Dks{ sfof{no vf]Ng lgj]bg k]z ePsf] ldltn] gAa] lbgleq :jLs[lt lbg
;Sg]5 . To:tf] :jLs[lt k|bfg ubf{ /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos zt{x? ;d]t tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
&=
k"j{ :jLs[lt lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf ug{sf nflu k"j{ :jLs[lt lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5M
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
-_
-r_
-5_
-h_
-em_
k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd klxn] g} btf{ eO{ sfod /x]sf] s'g}
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd;Fu ldNg] ePdf,
k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd jf To:tf] ;+:yfn] ug]{ a}+ls tyf
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;fj{hlgs lxt, wd{, hfthflt jf ;Dk|bfo cflbsf]
b[li6sf]0fn] pko'Qm jf jfG5gLo gb]lvPdf,
k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] p2]Zo k|rlnt sfg"g ljk/Lt ePdf,
k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ k|fljlws b[li6sf]0faf6 pko'Qm
gb]lvPdf,
k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k]z u/]sf] ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg,
ljj/0f tyf sfuhft / cGo k"jf{wf/nfO{ cWoog ubf{ ljQLo sf/f]af/ :j:y
/ k|lt:kwf{Tds 9+uaf6 ;+rfng ug]{ s'/fdf ljZjf; ug{ ;lsg] cfwf/
gePdf,
k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL btf{ ug{sf] nflu k|:tfljt a}s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;a}
;+:yfks ;b:osf] gfdaf6 lgj]bg k/]sf] gePdf,
k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLdf k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;a} ;+:yfksx?n]
cfkm\gf] gfd, 7]ufgf ;d]t v'nfO{ ;fIfLsf] /f]xj/df ;xL5fk u/L ;f] ;fIfLsf]
gfd, 7]ufgf ;d]t v'nfPsf] gePdf,
k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|To]s ;+:yfksn] ;f] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] slDtdf Ps xhf/ lsQf z]o/ lng d~h'/ u/]sf] gePdf,
k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|To]s ;+:yfksn] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLdf
;xL ubf{ cfk"mn] lng] z]o/ ;+Vof :ki6 ?kdf v'nfPsf] gePdf,
9
-`_
-6_
-7_
-8_
-9_
k|lt JolQm z]o/ nufgL ;Ldf / z]o/ :jfldTj cg'kft /fi6 a}+sn]
;do;dodf tf]s] adf]lhd /x]sf] gkfO{Pdf
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf tyf ;~rfng ug{ /fi6 a}+sn] ;do;dodf
/f]s nufPsf] If]q, ;]jf, k]zf jf Joj;fo;Fu ;DalGwt JolQm ;+nUg ePsf]
kfO{Pdf,
/fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] a}s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf tyf Ohfhtkq gLlt
ljkl/t ePsf] kfOPdf,
o; P]g adf]lhd bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ b:t'/ / sfuhft bflvnf ePsf] gkfO{Pdf,
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] ljj/0f k"/f gu/]df .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt s'g} cj:yf k/L k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{
/fi6 a}+sn] k"j{ :jLs[lt lbg OGsf/ u/]df ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bsnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
*=
ljj/0fkqM -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lwtf]kqsf] ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg ug'{ cufj} lwtf]kq
;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd :jLs[lt k|fKt u/L To:tf] ljj/0fkq /fi6 a}+s ;dIf btf{
u/fpg' kg]{5 . o;/L ljj/0fkq btf{ gu/fP;Dd ;f] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To:tf] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] tk{maf6 s;}n] klg To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ug{
kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPtfklg lwtf]kq af]8{af6 ljj/0fkq btf{ ug]{
;DaGwdf :jLs[lt k|bfg u/]sf] hfgsf/L lnlvt ?kdf k|fKt gu/];Dd /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf]
ljj/0fkq btf{ ug]{ 5}g .
(=
z]o/sf] afF8kmfF6M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] s"n hf/L k"FhLsf] slDtdf tL; k|ltzt
z]o/ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ laqmL ljt/0f ug{sf] nflu 5'6\ofpg' kg]{5 . o;/L ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ljqmL
ug{ 5'6\ofOPsf] z]o/ ;+Vofsf] a9Ldf kfFr k|ltzt;Dd z]o/ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf]
sd{rf/Lsf] nflu 5'6\ofpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj jf
o; P]g adf]lhd ztk|ltzt z]o/ d'Vo sDkgLn] lnPsf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] ?kdf ;+:yfkgf
x'g] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ :jfldTj cg'kft pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd x'g cfjZos kg]{
5}g .
-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ vl/bsf] nflu ;j{;fwf/0faf6 b/vf:t cfJxfg ubf{
z]o/sf] c+lst d"Nosf] ztk|ltzt /sd b/vf:t ;fy dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;+o'Qm nufgLdf ;+:yfkgf ePsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}sn] /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]s]adf]lhdsf] z]o/ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ljqmL ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
!)=
lwtf]kq sf/f]af/M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] lwtf]kq ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ lgisfzg ubf{
To:tf] lwtf]kqsf] laqmL, afF8kmfF6, /sd c;"nL h:tf ;a} sfo{ lwtf]kq ;DaGwL k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
10
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} lwtf]kq Joj;foL ;+:yf dfk{mt lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ ug]{
;DaGwdf u/]sf] ;Demf}tfsf] Ps k|lt To:tf] ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq /fi6 a}+sdf
lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} klg k|sf/sf] l8a]Gr/ jf ljQLo pks/0f hf/L ubf{
/fi6 a}]sf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] :jLs[lt lb+bf /fi6 a}+n] cfjZos zt{x? tf]Sg ;Sg]5 /
To:tf] zt{sf] kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-%_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf] xsk|b z]o/ lgwf{l/t cjwL;Dd ljqmL gePdf
;DalGwt ;d"xsf df}h'bf z]o/wgLn] dfq lnnfd a9fa9df vl/b ug{ ;Sg] u/L sDtLdf kGw|
lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ Ps k6s ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sf;g ug'{ kg]{5 / o;/L ;"rgf k|sf;g ubf{
;dfg /sdsf] Ps eGbf a9L cfj]bg k/]df bfdf;fxLn] To:tf] z]o/ afF8kmfF8 ug'{ kg]{5 .
!!=
z]o/ laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg g;lsg]M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfksn] ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]sf] slDtdf kfFr jif{ gk'u];Dd cfgf] gfddf /x]sf] z]o/ laqmL ug{ jf
lwtf]aGws /fVg kfpg] 5}g .
t/ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfngdf s'g} afwf Jojwfg pTkGg eO{ ljz]if
kl/l:yltsf] l;h{gf x'g uPdf jf ;+:yfks z]o/wgL cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ljQLo
sf/f]af/df sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z x'g k'u]df /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ;+:yfksx? aLr Ps
cfk;df z]o/ vl/b laqmL ug{ ;lsg]5 .
:kli6s/0f M o; pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ljz]if kl/l:ylt eGgfn] u0fk"/s
;+Vofsf] cefjn] ;ldltsf] a}7s nuftf/ tLg k6s;Dd a:g g;s]sf] jf
;~rfnsx?sf] cfk;L ljjfbsf] sf/0fn] s'g} klg lg0f{odf k'Ug g;s]sf] cj:yf
;Demg' k5{ .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfksn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng
u/]sf] ldltn] kfFr jif{ k'u]kl5 / ;j{;fwf/0fdf z]o/ hf/L u/]kl5 cfgf] gfddf /x]sf] z]o/
laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg rfx]df /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] zt{ jf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL
To:tf] z]o/ laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg ;Sg]5 / To;/L ;+:yfksn] ljqmL u/]sf] z]o/
;+:yfks ;d"xdf g} /xg] 5 .
-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks z]o/ s'g} sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] lnPsf]
cj:yfdf To:tf] sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] z]o/wgL tyf lxtflwsf/Lx?df x]/km]/, z]o/
ljqmL jf x:tfGt/0f ug{' cl3 /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg{]5 .
!@=
lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ ug{df aGb]hM -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v,
n]vfk/LIfs, sDkgL ;lrj jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg tyf n]vf ;DaGwL sfo{df
k|ToIf ?kn] ;+nUg JolQmn] To:tf] kbdf axfn /xFbfsf avt jf To:tf] kbaf6 cjsfz k|fKt
u/]sf] ldltn] Ps jif{;Dd ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To;sf] ;xfos sDkgLsf]
lwtf]kq cfgf] jf cfgf] kl/jf/ jf cGo s'g} klg JolQm jf To:tf JolQmx?sf] lgoGq0fdf
/x]sf] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] gfddf jf cGo JolQmnfO{ vl/blaqmL ug{ u/fpg, ug{ lbg,
lwtf]aGws /fVg, /fVg nufpg jf bfg as; lng, lbg, x:tfGt/0f ug{ jf n]gb]g ug{ x'Fb}g .
11
t/ af]g; z]o/, xsk|b z]o/ jf gofF z]o/ hf/L x'Fbf jf /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb]{zg
sfof{Gjog ubf{ jf bkmf &% adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf Ps cfk;df ufEbf uflebf jf
bkmf *) adf]lhd Pp6f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] csf{] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQ
jf bfloTj cfkm"df ;dflxt x'g] u/L k|flKt ubf{ jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfngdf s'g}
afwf Jojwfg pTkGg ePdf /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ;+:yfks;+:yfks, ;~rfns;~rfns
jf ;~rfns;+:yfks aLr Ps cfk;df lwtf]kq vl/bljqmL ug{ of] pkbkmfn] afwf
k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ s;}n] pkbkmf -!_ sf] ljk/Lt s'g} sfd u/]df To:tf] lwtf]kq ;DalGwt a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] hkmt u/L laqmL ljt/0f ug{' kg{]5 .
!#=
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b ug{ gx'gM] -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf]
z]o/ cfk}+mn] vl/b ug{ jf hdfgtdf /fvL shf{ lbg x'Fb}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf cj:yfdf /fi6 a}+ssf]
:jLs[lt lnO{ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] k|ltztdf ga9\g] u/L
nfef+zsf] ?kdf ljt/0f x'g ;Sg] ;l~rt d'gfkmfsf] /sdaf6 cfgf] z]o/ cfk}+mn] vl/b ug{
;Sg]5 M
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
-_
-r_
-5_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf] z]o/sf] ;Dk"0f{ /sd e'QmfgL e};s]sf] eP,
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf] z]o/ lwtf]kq ahf/df ;'lrs[t eO{ ;s]sf]
eP,
cfgf] z]o/ cfk}+m vl/b ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
lgodfjnLdf ePsf] eP,
cfgf] z]o/ cfkm} vl/b ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;fwf/0f ;efdf ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t ePsf] eP,
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] r'Qmf ug'{ kg]{ C0f /sd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
cfgf] z]o/ cfk}+mn] vl/b u/L ;s]kl5 kF"hL tyf ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]ifsf]
/sdsf] cg'kftdf bf]Aa/eGbf a9L gx'g] eP,
:ki6Ls/0fM o; pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu C0f /sd eGgfn] a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] shf{ lnPsf] ;'/lIft tyf c;'/lIft ;Dk"0f{ shf{
/sd ;Demg' k5{ .
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] vl/b ug]{ cfgf] z]o/sf] /sd s'n r'Qmf k"FhL tyf
;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]ifsf] /sdsf] aL; k|ltzteGbf a9L gx'g] eP,
cfgf] z]o/ cfk}+m vl/b ug]{ ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf hf/L u/]sf]
lgb]{zg k|lts"n gx'g] eP .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt
lng b]xfosf] ljj/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 M
-s_
cfgf] z]o/ cfk}+mn] vl/b ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f, cfjZostf, ;dofjlw / tl/sf,
-v_
cfgf] z]o/ cfk}+mn] vl/b u/]sf] sf/0faf6 a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ljQLo
l:yltdf kg{ ;Sg] ;Defljt k|efj d"Nofgsf] ljj/0f,
-u_
vl/b ug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] z]o/sf] lsl;d / ;f]sf] ;+Vof,
12
-3_
-_
-$_
v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] z]o/ vl/b ug{ nfUg] clwstd jf Go"gtd /sd /
;f]sf] ;|f]t,
cfgf] z]o/ cfk}+mn] vl/b ug]{ ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] tyf k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd v'nfpg' kg]{ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf k|fKt ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df To:tf] a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ cfgf] z]o/ cfk}+m vl/b ug{ :jLs[lt lbg pko'Qm x'g]
b]v]df /fi6 a}+sn] ;f]sf] :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd :jLs[lt k|fKt ePkl5 To:tf] :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf] 5 dlxgf
jf ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/]sf] afx| dlxgfdWo] h'g kl5Nnf] x'G5 ;f]
cjlwleq ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] b]xfosf] s'g} pkfoaf6 cfgf] z]o/ cfk}+mn] vl/b
ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_
lwtf]kq ahf/ dfk{mt vl/b u/]/,
-v_
o; P]g adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] z]o/
;DalGwt sd{rf/Laf6 vl/b u/]/,
-u_
tTsfn sfod /x]sf] z]o/wgLaf6 ;dfg'kflts ?kdf vl/b u/]/ .
-%_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] z]o/ cfk}+mn] vl/b u/]sf]df
To:tf] z]o/ vl/b u/]sf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq cfk"mn] vl/b u/]sf] z]o/ ;+Vof, ;f] afkt
e'QmfgL /sd / cGo cfjZos ljj/0fx?sf] hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+snfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd cfgf] z]o/ cfk+m}n] vl/b u/]sf] c+lst d"No a/fa/sf] /sd
r'Qmf k"FhLaf6 36fO{ 5'} k"FhL lkmtf{ hu]8f sf]if v8f u/L ;f] sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f]
sf]ifsf] /sdnfO{ r'Qmf k"FhL ;/x sfod /fVg' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] z]o/ cfk+m}n] vl/b u/]sf]df
cfk"mn] vl/b u/] hlt z]o/ To;/L vl/b u/]sf] ldltn] Ps ;o aL; lbgleq /2 ul/;Sg'
kg]{5 .
-*_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] z]o/ cfk}+mn] vl/b ug{ ;Sg] jf g;Sg] cGo
cj:yf tyf cfgf] z]o/ cfk}+m vl/b ug{] ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx? /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
13
kl/R5]b#
;~rfns ;ldlt / sfo{sf/L k|d'v ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!$=
;ldltsf] u7gM -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf slDtdf kfFr / a9Ldf gf} hgf ;~rfnsx? /xsf]
Ps ;~rfns ;ldlt /xg]5 .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm o; P]g tyf lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;eff/f x'g]5 .
t/,
-s_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|yd jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Ddsf] cjlwsf]

nflu ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm ;+:yfksf/f ul/g]5 .
-v_
jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g'eGbf cufj} s'g} ;~rfnssf] kb l/Qm x'g cfPdf
csf]{ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Ddsf nflu ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm ;ldltf/f
ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-u_
s'g} ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] z]o/ lnPsf] ePdf ;f] z]o/sf] cg'kftdf x'g cfpg]
;~rfns dgf]gog ug{ ;Sg]5 / o;/L dgf]gog ubf{ Pp6} JolQmnfO{
PseGbf a9L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf dgf]gog ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-3_
;~rfns lgo'lQm ubf{ Pp6} kl/jf/sf ;b:oaf6 Ps sfo{sfndf Pshgf

dfq lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg]5g\ .
-_
v08 -u_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
;+rfns /x]sf] JolQm k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+sdf ;~rfns x'g of] Joj:yfn]
afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;ldltdf bkmf !% adf]lhdsf]] of]Uotf tyf cg'ej ePsf
JolQmx?dWo]af6 slDtdf Pshgf Jofj;flos ;~rfnssf] ?kdf lgo'lQm u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L To:tf]
lgo'lQm kl5 a:g] klxnf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ a}s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks, ;~rfns jf z]o/wgL tyf lghx?sf] kl/jf/
Jofj;flos ;~rfns x'g kfpg] 5}g .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ / -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Ps kl/jf/sf] PseGbf a9L JolQm
Ps} k6s s'g} Pp6f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns x'g kfpg] 5}g .
-%_ ;~rfnsn] cfk"mdWo] ax'dtaf6 5fg]sf] s'g} Pshgf ;~rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIf x'g]5 .
-^_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ lnPsf] sDkgL, ;+ul7t ;+:yf, ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] cfk"mn] lnPsf] z]o/sf] cg'kftdf ;~rfns lgo'lQm ubf{ ;~rfnssf] cltl/Qm lghsf]
cg'kl:yltdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] u/L j}slNks ;~rfns ;d]t lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
14
!%=
;~rfnssf] kbfjlwM -!_ ;~rfnssf] kbfjlw lgodfjnLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd a9Ldf rf/
jif{sf] x'g]5 / lgh k'gM lgo'Qm jf dgf]lgt x'g ;Sg]5 .
t/ bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zsf] v08 -s_ / -v_ adf]lhd
lgo'lQm ePsf] ;~rfns jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Dd dfq cfgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf s'g} JolQm Ps a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
nuftf/ b'O{ sfo{sfn eGbf a9L ;~rfnssf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
!^=
!&=
;~rfnssf] of]UotfM -!_ ;~rfnssf] kbdf lgo'lQm x'g] s'g} klg JolQmsf] of]Uotf b]xfo
adf]lhd x'g' kg]5
{ M
-s_
s'g} ljifodf :gftsf]kflw xfl;n u/]sf] jf s'g} ;/sf/L jf a}l jf

ljQLo If]q;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} lgsfodf ;~rfns jf clws[t:t/sf]
kbdf slDtdf kfFr jif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt u/]sf],
-u_
;~rfns lgo'lQmsf ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf lkm6 P08 k|f]k/ 6]i6
;DaGwL dfkb08 k'/f u/]sf],
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg 3 ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;~rfnssf] z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf cg'ej /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]s]
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
Jofj;flos ;~rfnssf] of]UotfM b]xfosf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] Jofj;flos ;~rfnssf]

lgo'lQm ubf{ b]xfosf] of]Uotf tyf cg'ej k|fKt JolQm dWo]af6 ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ s ju{sf] a}+s jf /fli6o :t/sf] v ju{sf] ljsf; a}+ssf] xsdf,
-!_
Joj:yfkg, a}l, ljQLo, df}lb|s, cy{zf:q, jfl0fHozf:q, n]vfzf:q,

tYofzf:q, ul0ft, Jofkf/ k|zf;g jf jfl0fHo sfg"g laifodf :gftsf]Q/
pkfwL jf rf6{8{ Psfp06]G;L pkfwL xfl;n u/]sf] / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;]jfdf
/xL s'g} ljQLo jf sfg"gL If]q;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfo jf /fi6 a}+s jf
cGt/f{li6o a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;]jfdf clws[t :t/ lQLo >]0fL jf ;f]
;/xsf] kbdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{ sfo{ u/]sf] jf s ju{sf] a}+s jf /fli6o
:t/sf] v ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfsf] clws[t :t/ k|yd >]0fL jf ;f] ;/xsf]]
kbdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{ sfo{ u/]sf] jf s'g} ljZjljBfnosf] cWofkg ;]jfdf
sDtLdf pkk|fWofks eO{ Joj:yfkg, a}l, ljQLo, df}lb|s, cy{zf:q,
jfl0fHozf:q, n]vfzf:q, Jofkf/ k|zf;g, jfl0fHo sfg"g laifo sDtLdf bz
aif{ cWofkg u/]sf], jf
-@_

tYofzf:q, ul0ft, Jofkf/ k|zf;g jf sfg"g laifodf :gfts pkfwL jf
rf6{8{ Psfp06]G;L pkfwL xfl;n u/]sf] / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'g} ljQLo jf
sfg"gL If]q;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfo jf /fi6 a}+s jf cGt/f{li6o a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] clws[t :t/ t[tLo >]0fLsf] kbdf sDtLdf bz aif{ sfo{ u/]sf], jf
15
-#_
-v_
!*=

tYofzf:q, ul0ft, Jofkf/ k|zf;g jf sfg"g laifodf :gfts pkfwL jf
rf6{8{ Psfp06]G;L pkfwL xfl;n u/]sf] / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;]jfdf /xL s'g}
ljQLo jf sfg"gL If]q;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfo jf /fi6 a}+s jf cGt/f{li6o a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] slDtdf clws[t :t/ k|yd >]0fL jf ;f] ;/xsf]] kbdf
sDtLdf tLg jif{ sfo{ u/]sf] .
v08 s jfx]ssf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf,

-!_

tTYofzf:q, ul0ft, Jofkf/ k|zf;g, sfg"g ljifodf :gftsf]kfwL jf rf6{8{
Psfp06]G;L pkflw xfl;n u/]sf] / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;]jfdf /xL s'g} a}l,
ljQLo jf sfg"gL If]q;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} lgsfo jf /fi6 a}+s jf cGt/f{li6o
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] clws[t :t/ t[tLo >]0fLsf] kbdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{
sfd u/]sf] jf s ju{sf] a}+s jf /fli6o :t/sf] v ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
clws[t t[tLo:t/sf] kbdf sDtLdf bz jif{ sfo{ u/]sf], jf
-@_
s'g} ljZjljBfnosf] cWoog ;]jfdf /xL Joj:yfkg, a}l, ljQLo, df}lb|s,

cy{zf:q, jfl0fHozf:q, n]vfzf:q, Jofkf/ k|zf;g jf jfl0fHo sfg"g laifo
sDtLdf bz jif{ cWofkg u/]sf] .
;~rfnssf] cof]UotfM -!_ b]xfosf] s'g} klg JolQm a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns x'g
of]Uo x'g] 5}gM
-s_ @! jif{ pd]/ k"/f gePsf],
-v_ duh lalu|Psf] jf dfgl;s ;Gt'ng 7Ls gePsf],
-u_ g]kfnleq jf ljb]zdf shf{ ltg{ g;sL ;fx"sf] bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf],
-3_ g]kfnleq jf ljb]zdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fusf] s'g} sf/f]af/df sfnf];"rL jf
l8kmN6/df k/L ;f] sfnf] ;"rL jf l8kmN6/af6 k'ms'jf ePsf] ldltn] slDtdf tLg jif{
k"/f gePsf],
-_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] lgIf]k ;DaGwL Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ cGo
;+:yfsf] axfnjfnf ;~rfns jf sd{rf/L /x]sf],
-r_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] axfnjfnf n]vfk/LIfs jf ;Nnfxsf/ jf ;DalGwt a}+s jf

ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu s'g} lsl;dsf] 7]Ssf kfdf lx:;]bf/ /x]sf] jf lghL :jfy{ /x]sf],
-5_ lwtf]kq Joj;foLsf] ?kdf sfo{ ug{ lwtf]kq ahf/sf] ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf] jf dr{]06
a}+s/,
-h_ z]o/ :jfldTjsf sf/0fn] ;~rfns x'g ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodfjnL
adf]lhd ;~rfns x'gsf] nflu lng'kg]{ Go"gtd z]o/ glnPsf],
16
-em_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj k|fKt ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf /fi6 a}+s jf a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] axfnjfnf sd{rf/L /x]sf],
t/, g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj k|fKt ;+:yfn] z]o/ vl/b u/]sf] jf
/fi6 a}+sn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf ;~rfns dgf]gLt ug{ of] Joj:yfn] jfwf k'ofpg] 5}g .
-`_ /fi6 a}+ssf] ueg{/sf] xsdf lgh cfkm\gf] kbaf6 x6]sf] jf cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn]
slDtdf ;ft jif{ k"/f gePsf], /fi6 a}+ssf] 8]k'6L ueg{/ / ;~rfnssf] xsdf lgh
cfkmgf] kbaf6 x6]sf] jf cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf]] ldltn] slDtdf kfFr jif{ k"/f gePsf] /
/fi6 a}+ssf] ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lgh cfkmgf] ;]jfaf6 x6]sf] jf cjsfz
k|fKt u/]sf]] ldltn] slDtdf b'O{ jif{ k"/f gePsf],
t/ /fi6 a}+sn] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf o; P]g adf]lhd cfgf] lgoGq0fdf lnO{
;~rfng ubf{ jf u/fpFbf of] aGb]h nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-6_
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s/ ltg'{ kg]{ bfloTj eO{ To:tf] s/ r'Qmf gu/]sf],
-7_
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]eGbf a9L /sd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu Jojf;los shf{ lnO{ pBf]u,
Joj;fo tyf Jokf/df ;+nUg /x]sf] JolQm,
-8_ s'g} k|sf/sf] rf]/L, 7uL, lst]{, hfn;fFhL, e|i6frf/, g}lts ktg b]lvg] s'g} klg
kmf}hbf/L jf ljQLo jf a}+ls+u s;"/ u/]sf] cleof]udf g]kfn jf ljb]zL d'n'ssf]
cbfntaf6 ;hfoF kfPsf]] !) jif{ gk'u]sf] .
-9_
g]kfn jf cGo ljb]zL d'n'ssf] sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt s'g} klg ;+:yf, lgodg,
;'k/Lj]If0f lgsfo, Jofj;flos ;+u7g h:tf lgsfon] Jofj;flos dfGotf tyf sfg"g
ljkl/t sfo{ u/]sf] egL sf/jfxL u/]sf] kfFr jif{ gk'u]sf] jf To:tf] cf/f]kdf ;f]
JolQmnfO{ cg';Gwfg txlssft e}/x]sf],
-0f_ Joj;flos ;~rfnssf] xsdf lgh ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/wgL /x]sf],
-t_ cbfntsf] km};nf adf]lhd nfu]sf] s}b, hl/jfgf ltg{ a'emfpg afFsL /x]sf], ;/sf/L
afFsL ltg{ a'emfpg afFsL /x]sf] JolQm .
!(=
-@_
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+ssf] xsdf pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -_ / -h_ pNn]lvt Joj:yf nfu'
x'g] 5}g .
-#_
pkbkmf -!_ sf] Joj:yfdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg{] u/L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns,
kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Ln] ;f]xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] ;+rfns eO{
sfd ug{ ;Sg]5 .
;~rfns kbdf axfn /xg g;Sg] cj:yfM -!_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf s'g} klg JolQm a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfnssf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g M
-s_
bkmf @! adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf gePdf,
17
-v_
h'g ;d"xaf6 ;~rfns lgo'lQm ePsf] xf] ;f]xL ;d"xsf] k|:tfjdf ;f]xL
;d"xsf] slDtdf PsfpGg k|ltzt z]o/sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] z]o/wgLn]
;fwf/0f ;efdf ;~rfnssf] kbaf6 x6fpg] k|:tfj ax'dtn] kfl/t u/]df,
-u_
;~rfnsn] cfgf] kbaf6 lbPsf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ePdf,
-3_
o; P]g jf /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb{]zg adf]lhd ;~rfnsn] ug{ gx'g] s'g} sfo{
u/]df,
-_
Joj;flos ;~rfnssf] xsdf lghn] ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/

:jfldTj k|fKt u/]df,
-r_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf lgIf]kstf{sf] xs / lxt ljk/Lt sfo{ u/]sf]

hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+sn] kfO{ lgh a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns kbdf /xL
sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ c;Ifd /x]sf] egL lghnfO{ x6fpg /fi6 a}+sn] lgb]{zg
lbPdf .
-5_
/fi6 a}+sn] ;~rfns kbdf /xL sfo{ ;+rfng ug{ c;Ifd egL x6fpg
lgb{]zg lbPdf .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ cfkm\gf] s'g} ;~rfns o; P]g jf /fi6 a}+s P]g adf]lhd
;f] kbdf axfn /xg cof]Uo 5 eGg] nfu]df jf axfn g/x]df To;sf] kGw| lbgleq /fi6
a}+snfO{ lnlvt ?kdf hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
@)=
;~rfnssf] hjfkmb]xL / bfloTjM -!_ ;~rfnsn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf dfk{mt jf a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf JolQmut kmfObf lng] s'g} sfd ug{ u/fpg x'Fb}g .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} ;~rfnsn] JolQmut kmfObf k'Ug] u/L
s'g} /sd jf lhG;L lnPsf] kfOPdf kfOPdf ;f] /sd jf lhG;L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] To:tf]
;~rfnsaf6 c;'n pk/ u/L lng' kg{]5 .
-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfnssf] x}l;otn] sfd ug]{ JolQmn] cfgf] clwsf/ If]q gf3L
u/]sf] s'g} sfd sf/afxL k|lt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf pQ/bfoL x'g] 5}g .
-$_ ;~rfnsn] cfgf] JolQmut lxtsf nflu jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL
k'ofO{ s'g} sf/f]af/ ug{ nfu]sf] xf] eGg] hfgL hfgL jf ljZjf; ug]{ kof{Kt sf/0f eP/ klg s;}n]
To:tf] ;~rfns jf lghsf] k|ltlglw;Fu s'g} sf/f]af/ u/]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] JolQmn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
pk/ To:tf] sf/f]af/sf] ;DaGwdf s'g} bfjL ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-%_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ Jojl:yt, ;'/lIft Pjd\ sfg"gL tj/af6 ;~rfng ug{
;~rfnsn] cfkm\gf] z}lIfs, Jofj;flos 1fg tyf cg'ej k|of]u ug'{ lghsf] bfloTj x'g]5 .
-^_ ;~rfnsn] /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] k"0f{ ?kdf kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 .
18
@!=
;~rfnssf] nutM a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] ;~rfnssf] JolQmut ljj/0f Pp6f 5'}
lstfadf n]vL /fVg' kg]{5 / ;f] ;DaGwL ljj/0f / ;~rfns x]/k]m/ ePdf To;sf] ;"rgf /fi6
a}+sdf ;ftlbg leq k7fpg' kg]{5 .
@@=
;~rfnssf] ljj/0f k]z ug'{ kg]{M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm, dgf]gog jf
lgjf{rg ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq b]xfosf ljj/0f ;+nUg u/L /fi6 a}+s ;dIf k]z ug'{
kg]{5M
-s_
;~rfnssf] gfd, y/, 7]ufgf, k]zf, k]zfut of]Uotf / cg'ej
-v_
cGo s'g} lgsfosf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L eO{ sfd u/]sf] eP

;f]sf] bhf{ / lhDd]jf/L pNn]v ul/Psf] ljj/0f,
-u_
;~rfnssf] kl/jf/sf] gfd y/, kfl/jfl/s Pj+ ;Da4 JolQmsf] ljj/0f tyf
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf / cGo lgsfodf lgh / lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ljQLo :jfy{,
lgh / kl/jf/sf gfddf /x]sf] pQm ;+:yfsf] z]o/ :jfldTj, pNn]Vo :jfldTj
/ pNn]Vo x}l;ot /x] g/x]sf] ljj/0f,
-3_
lgh jf lghsf] kl/jf/n] ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To;sf] d'Vo jf

;xfos sDkgLdf lnPsf] z]o/ jf l8a]Gr/sf] ljj/0f,
-_
lghsf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:o ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf kbflwsf/L jf

sd{rf/Lsf] x}l;otdf sfd ul//xsf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f,
-r_
;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu lgh jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:on]

s'g} lsl;dsf] s/f/ u/]sf] jf ug{ nfu]sf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f,
-5_
sfo{sf/L k|d'v, k|aGw ;~rfns, sDkgL ;lrj, n]vfk/LIfs tyf

dxfk|aGwssf] lgo'lQmsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} k|sf/sf] :jfy{ jf ;/f]sf/ eP ;f]sf]
ljj/0f,
-h_
lghsf] ljQLo, kmf}hbf/L / Jofj;flos k[i7e"ldsf] ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn]

hfFra'em ug{ jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt lgsfo dfkm{t hfFra'em
u/fpg / o:tf] ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L cfbfg k|bfg ug{ u/fpg ;xL5fk u/L
/fi6 a}+snfO{ lbPsf] lnlvt clVtof/L,
-em_
o; P]g adf]lhd ;+rfns x'g of]Uo /x]sf] :j3f]if0f,
-`_
/fi6 a}+s tyf ;ldltnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ egL /fi6 a}+sn] ;do
;dodf tf]lslbPsf] cGo ljj/0f .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df pNn]lvt hfgsf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf hfFra'em ug{ cfjZos b]v]df ;f]
pk/ hfF+ra'em ug]{ u/fpg] clwsf/ /fi6 a}+snfO{ x'g]5 .
@#=
;~rfnsn] hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{M -!_ ;~rfnsn] cfkm" lgo'lQm ePsf] ;ft lbg leq bkmf @%
sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
19
-@_ ;~rfns jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:osf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf k|ToIf jf
ck|ToIf ?kdf s'g} pNn]Vo :jfldTj jf cGo s'g} klg k|sf/sf] :jfy{ /x]df To:tf] ;~rfnsn]
;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L cfjZos k"0f{ ljj/0f ;lxt ;ldltsf] klxnf] j}7sdf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd ;~rfnsn] k]z u/]sf] ljj/0f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L
k|d'vn] k|dfl0ft u/]/ 5'6\6} lstfjdf clen]v u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] s'g} :jfy{;+u ;DalGwt ljifodf ;ldlt jf cGo
s'g} pk;ldltsf] j}7sdf 5nkmn x'Fbf To:tf] ;~rfnsn] a}7ssf] k|f/Dedf g} To:tf] :jfy{sf]
hfgsf/L u/fO{ ;f] ljifo j}7sdf /fVg' kg]{5 / ;f] ;DaGwL lg0f{osf] nflu x'g] 5nkmn jf
dtbfgdf To:tf] ;~rfnsn] efu lng kfpg] 5}g .
@$=
clwsf/ k|Tofof]hgM ;ldltn] cfgf] /]vb]v / lgb]{zgdf /xL sfd ug{{ ;f]sf] cf}lrTo / sf/0f
v'nfO cfkm"df lglxt cfgf] s]xL clwsf/ s'g} ;~rfns, bkmf @% adf]lhd ul7t pk;ldlt,
sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v eO{ sfd ug]{ s'g} JolQmnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ ;ldltsf] cWoIfnfO{ To:tf] clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
@%=
pk;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]M -!_ o; P]gdf s'g} lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Ln] ug]{ egL :ki6 pNn]v
ul/Psf]df afx]s ;ldltn] s'g} vf; k|of]hgsf] nflu /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb{]zgsf] kl/lwleq /xL Ps
jf PseGbf a9L pk;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ ;ldltsf] cWoIf pk;ldltdf /xg kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf] pk;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/, sfof{jlw /
a}7sdf efu lnP afkt ;b:on] kfpg] kfl/>lds jf eQf ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 /
o:tf] sfo{ / vr{ jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf :ki6 v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
@^=
;ldltsf] a}7sM -!_ ;ldltsf] a}7s jif{df slDtdf afx|k6s a:g' kg]{5 .
t/ b'O{j6f a}7ssf] aLrsf] km/s ;f7L lbg eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-@_ slDtdf Ps ltxfO{ ;~rfnsn] lnlvt cg'/f]w u/]df cWoIfn] h'g;'s} avt ;ldltsf] a}7s
af]nfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf cWoIfn] ug]{5 . cWoIfsf] cg'kl:yltdf ;~rfnsx?n] cfk"mdWo]af6
ax'dtn] 5fg]sf] s'g} Pshgf ;~rfnsn] ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{5 .
-$_ s"n ;~rfns ;+Vofsf] slDtdf PsfpGg k|ltzt ;~rfns pkl:yt geO{ ;ldltsf] a}7s a:g]
5}g .
-%_ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ax'dtsf] lg0f{o dfGo x'g]5 / dt a/fa/ ePdf cWoIfn] lg0ff{os dt dfq lbg
kfpg]5 .
-^_ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ;~rfnssf] gfd, 5nkmn ePsf] ljifo / tt\;DaGwdf ePsf] lg0f{osf]
ljj/0fsf] dfOGo'6 Ps 5'} lstfadf clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 / ;f] clen]vdf a}7sdf pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{
20
;~rfnsn] ;xL u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .

t/ s'g} ljifodf 5nkmn ubf{ s'g} ;~rfnsn] lg0f{osf] ljk/Lt jf To:tf] lg0f{o
x'g] s'/feGbf km/s ljrf/ /fv]df ;f]xL s'/f lghn] clen]vdf pNn]v u/L ;xL ug'{ kg]{5 .
@&=
;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M -!_ ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 x'g] sfd afx]s o; P]g, k|rlnt
sfg"g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug'{ kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ sfd,
st{Jo / clwsf/ ;ldltdf lglxt /xg]5 .
-@_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;du| hf]lvd Joj:yfkg u/L lgIf]kstf{, u|fxsju{ tyf
;j{;fwf/0f z]o/wgLsf] lxtdf a}+s ;~rfng ug{' ;ldltsf] st{Ao x'g]5 .
-#_ ;ldltsf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug'{ kg]{ sfd ;'Jojl:yt ?kn] ;~rfng ug{ o; P]g tyf
k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL cfjZos ljlgod, lgb]{lzsf, sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu"
ug]{,
-v_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/df hf]lvd jf hf]lvdhGo kl/l:ylt pTkGg x'g

glbg, cfkm\gf] gLlt / /0fgLlt cg'?k a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ xf]lzof/Lk"j{s
;~rfng ug{ cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnL Pj+ cGt/fli6o:t/sf] hf]lvd Joj:yfkg
dfkb08 tof/ u/L nfu" ug]{ / ;f]sf] ;do ;dodf ;dLIff u/L cBfjlws ug]{,
-u_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug{'kg{] ;Dk"0f{ sfd sf/jfxLsf] nflu cfjZos gLltut
Joj:yf ug{], sfdsf/jfxLsf] lgoldt cg'udg u/L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
Jojl:yt/ dof{lbt 9+u -k|'8]lG;on gD;{_ jf6 ;+rfng ug{] u/fpg],
-3_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] :ki6 ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf tof/ u/L ;f] adf]lhd
cfjZos clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg gLlt th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug]{,
-_
u}/sfo{sf/L cWoIf tyf ;~rfnsn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgIf]k lng], shf{ lbg],
lwtf]kqdf nufgL ug]{, sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg ug]{ / ah]6 vr{ ug]{ h:tf b}lgs
sfdsf/f]jf/df x:tIf]k gug]{ s'/fsf] k|Tofe"lt ug]{,
-r_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf pko'Qm ;+:yfut ;'zf;g sfod u/L ljQLo ljj/0fnfO{
ljZjfl;nf] / ;xL lsl;djf6 ;do d} tof/ u/L u/fO{ ;f] k|lt cfkm" hjfkmb]xL
/xg],
-5_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf g}lts tyf Jofj;flos dfkb08sf] k|j4{g ug{ cfk\mgf]
u|fxs klxrfg x'g] lsl;dsf] cfGtl/s sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" ug]{,
-h_
/fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]s]adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .
-$_ o; P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s ;ldltn] s'g} ;~rfnsnfO{ jf
cfk\mgf] s'g} kbflwsf/LnfO{ PSn} jf ;+o'Qm ?kdf Af} jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] tk{maf6 n]vfk9L ug{ jf
ljlgd]o clwsf/kq jf r]s cflbdf ;xL5fk ug{ ;d]t ;a} jf s]xL clwsf/ ;'DkL cfgf] k|ltlglw
21
v8f ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-%_ ;ldltn] o; P]g adf]lhd sfd sf/jfxL ubf{ sfo{sf/L k|d'v nufot o; P]gdf :ki6 ?kdf s'g}
kbflwsf/Ln] ug]{ egL pNn]v ul/Psf] ePdf To:tf] kbflwsf/Lsf] clwsf/ If]qdf x:tIf]k gx'g] u/L
sfo{ ;Dkfbg x'g] Joj:yf ;'lglZrt ug'{ kg]{5 .
@*=
;~rfnssf] eQf tyf ;'ljwfM -!_ ;~rfnsn] a}7sdf pkl:yt eP afkt kfpg] a}7s eQf
tyf cGo s'g} klg ;'ljwf lgodfjnLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ ;~rfnsn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgodfjnLdf pNn]v ul/P afx]s s'g} lsl;dsf] ;]jf
;'ljwf lnPsf] ePdf ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] To:tf] ;'ljwf afkt lnPsf] /sd Jofh ;lxt
lghaf6 c;'n pk/ u/L lng' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd c;'n pk/ x'g g;s]df To:tf] /sd e'QmfgL lbg] clVtof/ k|fKt
clwsf/Laf6 c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .
@(= sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm / ;]jfsf] zt{M -!_ ;ldltn] o; P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf]
cwLgdf /xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]] k|d'v k|zf;ssf] ?kdf sfo{ug]{ u/L Ps sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf]
lgo'lQm ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf tyf cg'ej ePsf] of]Uo
JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQm u/L To:tf] lgo'QmL u/]sf] ;ft lbg leq /fi6 a}snfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lgo'lQm ePsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v o; P]g adf]lhd of]Uo ePsf]
gb]lvPdf /fi6 a}+sn] gnfu]df lghnfO{ x6fO{ csf]{ JolQmnfO{ lgo'Qm ug{ ;DalGwt a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5M
-s_
s'g} ljifodf slDtdf :gftsf]Q/ pkflw xfl;n u/L a}l tyf ljQLo If]q,
a}l tyf ljQLo sfg"g;+u ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfo, ;+ul7t ;+:yf,
ljZjljBfno jf To:tf] sfo{ ug]{ cGt/f{li6o ;+3;+:yfsf] clws[t tx jf
;f]eGbf dflysf] kbdf slDtdf kfFr jif{sf] cg'ej ePsf],
-v_
sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQmsf ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}sn] tf]s]sf kmL6 P08 k|f]k/
6]i6sf dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf],
-u_
k};7\7L jif{ pd]/ ggf3]sf],
-u_
bkmf @) sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cof]Uo gePsf] .

t/ ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -h_ / -t_ eg] sfo{sf/L
k|d'vsf] xsdf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-$_ ;~rfnsnfO{ dfq nfu" x'g] egL /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf Joj:yf afx]s bkmf @!, @@ / @# sf
cGo Joj:yf sfo{sf/L k|d'v ;d]tnfO{ nfu" x'g]5g\ .
-%_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] bkmf @ sf] v08 -y_ df plNnlvt sfo{sf/L k|d'v hgfpFg] s'g}
22
Ps gfdsf] k|of]u u/]kl5 ;f] v08df plNnlvt cGo gfd nufot To:t} s'g} klg ljz]if0f jf ;f]
;/xsf cy{ nfUg] zAb k|of]u u/L cGo kbsf] l;h{gf ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
-^_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] kbfjlw a9Ldf rf/ jif{sf] x'g]5 / lghsf] k'glg{o'lQm x'g ;Sg]5 .
-&_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;]jfsf cGo zt{ jf ;'ljwfx? /fi6 a}ssf] lgb{]zg
clwgdf /xL ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 / lghsf] lgo'lQm ubf{sf avt g} lghsf] ;]jfsf] zt{ tyf
;'ljwf lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ s'g} ;~rfns sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ePsf] cj:yfdf lghn] kfpg] kfl/>lds
tyf cGo ;Dk"0f{ ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf jfktsf] /sd lgodfjnLdf :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ s'g} JolQm s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v ePsf] cj:yfdf csf]{ a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfdf sfo{sf/L k|d'v, ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf cGo s'g} kbdf /xL sfd ug{ kfpg]
5}g .
t/ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+ssf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v afx]s ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf cGo s'g}
kbdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
#)=
sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M -!_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo
adf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_
o; P]g, /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb{]zg, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL

;ldltsf] lg0f{o nfu" ug{] / a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfd sf/afxL tyf
sf/f]af/sf] /]vb]v tyf lgoGq0f ug]{,
-v_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jflif{s ah]6 / sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L :jLs[ltsf]

nflu ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug]{,
-u_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL cfjZos

hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ug]{,
-3_
;fwf/0f ;eff/f ul/Psf lg0f{o / /fi6 a}+sf/f lgb]{lzt s'/fx? sfof{Gjog

ug]{, u/fpg],
-_
o; P]g, /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb{]zg, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL a}+s jf

ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+s jf cGo s'g} lgsfodf k]z ug'{ kg]{ ljj/0f,
sfuhft, lg0f{o cflb oyf;dodf k]z ug]{,
-r_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+s, ;ldlt tyf ;fwf/0f
;efn] tf]s]sf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .
-@_ sfo{sf/L k|d'v cfgf] sfdsf] lgldQ ;ldlt k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g]5 .
23
kl/R5]b$
Ohfhtkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf
#!=
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf afx]s cGo s;}n] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ gkfpg]M bkmf #% adf]lhd a}ls
tyf ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ug{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt ug]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf afx]s cGo s;}n] klg o;
P]g adf]lhdsf] a}ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
#@=
o; P]gsf] Joj:yf nfu" gx'g]M -!_ bkmf #! df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf]
;+:yfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cfly{s sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ jfwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}gM
-s_
##=
#$=
;xsf/L ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ ul/Psf ;xsf/L ;+:yfn]

cfk\mgf] z]o/ vl/b ug]{ ;b:ox? jLr ug]{ jrt tyf C0fsf] sf/f]jf/,
-v_
x'nfs jrt a}+sn] ug]{ art tyf C0fsf] sf/f]jf/,
-u_
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ljQLo dWo:ytfsf] sfd ug]{ cGo ;+:yfn] ;d"x
u7g u/L ljkGg ju{df ug]{ n3'ljQ sf/f]jf/,
-3_
/fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]s]sf ;+:yfsf] cGo sf/f]jf/ .
a}+s zAbsf] k|of]uM -!_ s;}n] klg /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt glnO{ a}ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{
k|of]hgsf] nflu a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd k|of]u ug{' x'Fb}g .
-@_ o; P]gsf] bkmf %! adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ug{ Ohfhtkq kfPsf] jfl0fHo a}+s, ljQLo
;+:yf / g]kfndf zfvf, ;Dks{ jf k|ltlglw sfof{no vf]Ng] ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf
/fi6 a}+saf6 k"j{ :jLs[lt lnPsf] cj:yfdf jfx]s cGo s'g} klg JolQm, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn]
/fi6 a}+saf6 k"j{ :jLs[lt glnO{ cfkm\gf] gfd;F+u a}+s, a}+s/, a}+ls ljQ, ljQLo jf cGo
To:t} cy{ cfpg] ;+s]t, ljz]if0f jf To:t} lsl;dsf cy{ nfUg] zAb k|of]u ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
t/ b]xfosf ljifodf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}gM
-s_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+u7g,
-v_
sfg"g jf cGt/f{li6o ;Demf}tf jf k|rng adf]lhd :yflkt jf
dfGotf k|fKt s'g} ;+:yf,
-u_
;+:yfkgf ePsf] 5 dlxgf leq a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ug{
Ohfhtkqsf nflu lgj]bg lbg] sDkgL .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] P]g k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
To:tf] sf/f]af/ ug{ :jLs[lt k|fKt ubf{sf avt sfod /x]sf] gfd k|of]u u/L ljQLo sf/f]af/
ug{ ;Sg]5 / v, u tyf 3 ju{sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] qmdzM ljsf; a}+s, ljQ
sDkgL tyf n3' ljQ ljQLo ;+:yf eGg] gfd k|of]u ug{ kfpg] 5 .
a}+ls jf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkqsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg'kg]M{ -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd k"j{
:jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf a}+ls jf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ rfxg] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+sn]
Ohfhtkqsf nflu tf]lslbPsf] b:t'/ ;lxt Ohfhtkqsf] nflu /fi6 a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg lbg'
kg]{5 .
24
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbOg] lgj]bgsf ;fydf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] b]xfosf ljj/0f tyf
sfuhft ;d]t ;+nUg u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5M
-s_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL / k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd

;+:yfkgf ePsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk,
-v_
sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos ;a} k"jf{wf/ tof/ ePsf] sfof{no ejgsf]
ljj/0f jf ejg ef8fdf lng] eP axfn ;DaGwL ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk /
ef8fdf lnPsf] ejgsf] ljj/0f ;lxt a}+ls+u tyf ljQLo ;]jf, ;'ljwf k|bfg
ug{ ;Sg] kof{Kt cfwf/ /x]sf] ljj/0f,
-u_
;+:yfks z]o/wgLn] lng sa"n u/]sf] z]o/sf] /sd r'Qmf eO{ /fi6 a}+sdf
hDdf u/]sf] k|dfl0ft x'g] sfuhft,
-3_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf,
-_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL ljlgod,
-r_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] shf{ gLlt,
-5_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL ljlgod,
-h_
shf{ ckn]vg ;DaGwL ljlgod,
-em_
sf/f]jf/ ug]{ d'Vo :yfg jf zfvfsf] :yfg osLg eO;s]sf]df ;f]sf] 7]ufgf,
-`_
a}+ls jf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{sf] nflu /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf zt{x? kfngf ug]{
s'/fsf] d~h'/L,
-6_
lgIf]kstf{sf] xs lxt ljk/Lt x'g] s'g} sfd gug]{ / lgIf]k lkmtf{ nfg rfx]df
lbg] lnlvt k|ltj4tf,
-7_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Jofj;flos /0fgLlt / ;+rfng ul/g] sf/f]jf/sf]

k|s[lt, cfGtl/s lgoGq0f / hf]lvd Joj:yfkg k|lqmof ;lxtsf] ;+u7gfTds
;+/rgfnfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L tof/ kfl/Psf]] Joj;flos of]hgf,
-8_
k"j{ :jls[lt lng k]z ul/Psf sfuhft tyf ljj/0fdf s'g} x]/km]/ eP ;f] sf]
ljj/0f,
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns / kbflwsf/Lx?sf] gfdfjnL tyf lghx?
o; P]g adf]lhd ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Lx? x'g of]Uo /x]sf] ljj/0f,
a}+ls jf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u?~h]n /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf
tf]lslbP adf]lhdsf] Go"gtd k"FhL sfod /fVg] k|ltj4tf,
-9_
-0f_
-t_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;+efljt ;a} hf]lvdx?sf] pko'Qm 9+uaf6 Joj:yfkg

ug{ cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnL sfod ug]{ / To:tf] ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf
25
u|fxsx?nfO{ pko'Qm a}+ls tyf ljQLo ;]jf jf ;'ljwfx? k|bfg ug]{ s'/f,
-y_
-b_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;a} ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L / pNn]Vo :jfldTj ePsf]

JolQm a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] p2]Zo k"lt{sf nflu cfOkg]{ ;a}vfn]
kl/l:ylt;F+u ;fd~h:o /fVg ;Sg], a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/sf] k|s[lt
cg's"n rNg;Sg] ;Ifd JolQm eO{ Joj;fo k|'8]lG;on dfkb08 adf]lhd
;+rfng x'g] s'/f,
-#_ s'g} ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfndf ;+o'Qm nufgLdf ;+:yflkt ug{] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] xsdf pkbkmf -@_ df plNnlvt s'/fx?sf cltl/Qm b]xfo adf]lhdsf s'/fx? ;d]t /fi6
a}+sdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_
s, v, u, 3 ju{sf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf ljb]zL

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DalGwt d'n'ssf] sfg"g adf]lhd To:tf]
d'n'ssf] ;/sf/ jf s]Gb|Lo a}+s jf lgodg ug]{ lgsfon] g]kfndf
To:tf] ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/
;~rfng ug{ lbPsf] :jLs[lt jf ;xdlt kq .
-v_
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf :yfkgf ug{ /fi6 a}+sdf lgj]bg k]z
u/]kl5 jf /fi6 a}+saf6 cg'dlt lnPkl5 To:tf] ljb]zL a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] o; P]g adf]lhd k"/f ug'{ kg]{ s'g} s'/fdf km/s
k/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f,
-u_
/fi6 a}+sn] dfu u/] adf]lhdsf] cGo hfgsf/L tyf ljj/0f .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg pk/ sf/jfxL ubf{ ;f] lgj]bg;fy ;+nUg sfuhft
gk'u jf ckof{Kt ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu yk sfuhft jf ljj/0f dfu ug{
;Sg]5 .
#%=
a}+ls jf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkq lbg]M -!_ bkmf #$ adf]lhd k|fKt lgj]bg pk/
hfFra'em ubf{ /fi6 a}+sn] o; P]g adf]lhd ;a} cfwf/ k'u]sf] kfPdf To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{ bkmf #* adf]lhdsf] juL{s/0fsf] cfwf/df !@) lbgleq sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ s'g}
Ps ju{sf] Ohfhtkq lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkq lbg' cl3 /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfosf s'/fx?sf]
Plsg ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_
a}+l+s jf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkq lb+bf :j:y k|lt:kwf{Tds / ljQLo

dWo:ytf ;DaGwL sf/f]af/ k|efjsf/L eO{ lgIf]kstf{sf] lxt x'g],
-v_
o; P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod, ljlgod, cfb]z jf lgb]{zg tyf

k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL a}l+ s tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng
ug{ ;Ifd /x]sf],
26
-u_
bkmf #% adf]lhd Ohfhtkqsf] nflu lbPsf] lgj]bg ;fy ;+nUg ljj/0f tyf
sfuhft tyf kof{Kt ef}lts k"jf{wf/ 5 eGg] nfu]d/x]sf],
-3_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lgo'lQm jf ;+nUg ePsf] jf lgo'lQm ul/g] jf ;+nUg

x'g] s'g} klg kbflwsf/L a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ ;Ifd
/x]sf] .
-#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lbOPsf] Ohfhtkq c? sf]xL s;}nfO{ s'g} Aoxf]/fn] lbg,
x:tfGt/0f ug{ jf gfd;f/L ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
-$_ /fi6 a}+sn] a}ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug]{ Ohfhtkq lb+bf s'g} ldlt
tf]lslbPsf]df ;f]xL ldltaf6 / To:tf] ldlt gtf]s]sf]df Ohfhtkq hf/L ePsf] ldltaf6
To:tf] Ohfhtkq k|f/De ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-%_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o; P]g adf]lhd sf/f]af/ ug{ kfPsf] Ohfhtkqsf]
5fFofk|lt To:tf] sf/f]af/ x'g] k|To]s :yfgdf :ki6 b]lvg] u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ Ohfhtkq lbg
g;lsg] cj:yf ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn] gAa] lbgleq
;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
#^=
Ohfhtkq lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ bkmf #% df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fi6 a}+sn]
b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{
Ohfhtkq lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
#&=
g]kfnsf] ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] :yfloTj, :jR5 k|ltikwf{ / ljZj;gLotf pk/

k|lts'n c;/ kg{] ePdf
lgIf]kstf{sf] lxt ;+/If0fsf] lgldQ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ Ohfhtkq
lbg plrt / pko'Qm x'g] gb]lvPdf,
a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{] k"jf{wf/ k"/f u/]sf] x'g] gb]lvPdf,
o; P]g adf]lhdsf cGo ljj/0f jf zt{x? k"/f ePsf] gb]lvPdf .
/fi6 a}+sn] zt{ tf]Sg ;Sg]M -!_ bkmf #% adf]lhd a}+ls jf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq
k|bfg ubf{ ljBdfg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cj:yf, ljQLo sf/f]af/sf] :j:y ;~rfng tyf
lgIf]kstf{sf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos zt{ tf]Sg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] zt{sf]
kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt zt{df /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf cfjZostf cg';f/ yk36
tyf x]/k]m/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
#*=
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] juL{s/0fM bkmf %! adf]lhd a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ bkmf #$
adf]lhd lgj]bg lbg] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Ohfhtkqsf] nflu cfjZos x'g] Go"gtd r'Qmf
k"FhL / To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;~rfng ug]{ sf/f]jf/ tyf sfo{If]qsf] cfwf/df /fi6
27
a}+sn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ s, v, u jf 3 ju{df juL{s/0f u/L ;f]xL adf]lhdsf]

Ohfhtkq ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lbg]5 .
t/ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+s s'g} klg ju{df ;dfj]z x'g] 5}g .
#(=
dflyNnf] ju{sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf kl/0ft x'g ;Sg]M -!_ tNnf] ju{sf] s'g} ljQLo ;+:yf
Ps tx dflyNnf] ju{sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf kl/0ft x'g rfx]df /fi6 a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg
lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg pk/ hfFra'em ubf{ /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{ Ps tx dflyNnf] ju{sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf kl/0ft x'g pko'Qm b]v]df b]xfosf
s'/fx?sf] cwLgdf /xL k"j{ :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5M
-s_
dflyNnf] ju{sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf nflu /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]adf]lhdsf]

k"FhL k"/f ePsf],
-v_
ljut tLg jif{b]lv nuftf/ gfkmf ug{ ;Ifd ePsf],
-u_
lgis[o shf{ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldfleq /x]sf],
-3_
k|f/lDes vr{ ckn]vg ul/;s]sf],
-_
;fj{hlgs ?kdf lgisfzg ug'{ kg]{ z]o/sf] lgisfzg eO{ afF8kmfF8 e};s]sf],
-r_
dflyNnf] ju{sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf kl/0ft x'g ;fwf/0f ;efn] lg0f{o
u/]sf],
-5_
ljut tLg jif{b]lv nuftf/ /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb{]zg adf]lhd kF"hLsf]if kof{Kttf
sfod /x]sf]
-h_
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf cGo ;a} zt{x? k"/f u/]sf] .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k"j{ :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq jf
lgodfjnLdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;+zf]wg ug{ nufO{ o; P]g adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] dflyNnf] ju{sf]
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Ohfhtkq lbg ;Sg]5 .
$)=
;"rL k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{M -!_ /fi6 a}+sn] k|To]s tLg dlxgfdf a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ub}{
cfPsf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] ;"rL /fli6o:t/sf] kqklqsf jf cGo s'g} dfWodaf6
k|sfzg ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|sflzt ;"rLdf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng
ldlt, r'Qmf k"FhL, k"FhL sf]ifsf] cj:yf, s'n shf{, lgliqmo shf{sf] cj:yf tyf /fi6 a}+sn]
cfjZos b]v]sf] cGo ljj/0f ;d]t ;dfj]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
28
$!=
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yfM -!_ zfvf dfk{mt a}+ls tyf ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ s'g} ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ /fi6 a}+sn] Ohfhtkq lbPdf ;f]
adf]lhd ;+:yflkt zfvf o; P]g adf]lhd ;+:yfkgf ePsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;/x
dflgg]5 / of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf]] lgod, ljlgod, cfb]z jf lgb]{zgn] cGoyf
Joj:yf u/]sf]df afx]s cGo ;Dk"0f{ k|fjwfgx? To:tf] zfvfsf] xsdf ;d]t ;dfg ?kn] nfu"
x'g]5g\ .
-@_ lab]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lbg' kg]{ sfg"gL ;"rgf, Dofb tyf cGo ljj/0f
To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] g]kfn l:yt zfvfdf lbg ;lsg]5 / g]kfndf PseGbf a9L
zfvf vf]nL sf/f]af/ u/]sf] ePdf To:tf] lab]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} Ps zfvfnfO{
d"Vo zfvf tf]sL ;f] dfkm{t jf To:tf] ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] g]kfndf /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{
;DklQ btf{ ePsf] zfvfsf]] 7]ufgfdf To:tf] kqfrf/ ug]{5 .
-#_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvfsf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/, lhDd]jf/L, bfloTj,
hfoh]yf, n]vf cflb sfd sf/afxLsf] lhDd]jf/L lng] tyf To:tf] sfd sf/afxL ;Dkfbg ug]{
kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] lhDd]jf/L ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvfn] cfkm\gf] bfloTj k"/f ug{] s|ddf cfkm\gf]
;DklQ k|of]u ubf{ cGo s'g} sfg"gL Joj:yfdf k|lts"n c;/ gx'g] u/L g]kfnsf] bfloTjnfO{
klxnf] k|fyldstf lbO{ k"/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ lab]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] zfvf aGb ug'{ k/]df /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt
lnO{ ;f] zfvfsf] ;Dk"0f{ bfloTj e'QmfgL u/]/ dfq cfkm\gf] zfvf aGb ug{' kg{]5 .
-^_ zfvfsf] lgoldt sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf afx]s ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
zfvfsf] s'g} klg kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Ln]] To:tf] zfvfsf] s'g} ;DklQ csf]{ d'n'sdf
:yfgfGt/0f u/]df, ;f]sf] :jLs[lt lbPdf, To;f] ug{ clVtof/L lbPdf jf ;f] sfo{nfO{ d2t ug]{
jf k'Ug] s'g} sfo{ u/]df o; P]g adf]lhd s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
-&_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
g]kfnl:yt zfvfn] yf]s a}+ls tyf ljQLo sfd sf/f]af/ dfq ug{ ;Sg]5 / k|ltlglw jf cGo
s'g} klg sfof{nosf] sfd sf/afxL /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
29
kl/R5]b%
k"FhL, k"FhLsf]if / ;DklQ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
$@
k"FhL sfod /fVg' kg]{M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] clws[t k"FhL, hf/L k"FhL tyf r'Qmf k"FhL
/fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ of] P]g k|f/De xF'bfsf avt sfod /x]sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]s]sf] cjlwleq pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] k"FhL ;+/rgf sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k"FhLdf nufgL
ug{ ;Sg] k|ltzt / /sd /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
$#=
k"FhL j[l4 ug'{ kg]{M -!_ /fi6 a}+sn] pko'Qm b]v]df a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lghsf] tTsfn
sfod /x]sf] clws[t k"FhL, hf/L k"FhL jf r'Qmf k"FhL a9fpg lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] lgb]{zg lbPdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf]
clws[t k"FhL, hf/L k"FhL jf r'Qmf k"FhL j[l4 ug'{ kg]{5 .
k"FhLsf]ifM -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] s'n ;DklQ jf s'n hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQsf]
cfwf/df /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] cg'kftdf k"FhLsf]if sfod ug'{ kg]{5 . /fi6 a}+sn] o:tf]
cg'kft tf]Sbf cltl/Qm k"FhLsf]if cg'kft ;d]t tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] k"FhLsf]if sfod ug{ g;s]df
;ldltn] Ps dlxgfleq ;f]sf] hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+snfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . To;/L lbPsf] hfgsf/Ldf
cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm k"FhLsf]if sfod /xg g;s]sf] sf/0f tyf k"FhLsf]ifnfO{ j[l4 u/L /fi6
a}+sn] lgb{]zg lbP adf]lhds} cj:yfdf Nofpg ;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] of]hgf jf sfo{qmd
;d]t ;+nUg u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePkl5 /fi6 a}+sn] ;ldltn] k]z u/]sf]
of]hgf jf sfo{qmd dgfl;j b]v]df ;f]xL adf]lhd / To;df s'g} ;+zf]wg jf x]/k]m/ ug'{ k/]df
;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ k|:tfljt of]hgf jf sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg jf x]/k]m/ u/L sfof{Gjog ug{
;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
;Defljt gf]S;fgL ;DaGwL Joj:yf M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] s'n ;DklQ / jf;nft
aflx/sf] sf/f]af/sf] bfloTj ;DaGwL hf]lvdnfO{ vfDg ;Sg] u/L /fi6 a}+sn] lgwf{/0f u/]
adf]lhd ;Defljt gf]S;fgL Joj:yf sfod ug{' kg]{5 .
$$=
$%=
$^=
$&=
;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]ifM -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] Ps ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]if sfod /fVg' kg]{5 .
To:tf] hu]8f sf]ifdf r'Qmf k"FhLsf] bf]Aa/ geP;Dd k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] v'b gfkmfaf6
slDtdf aL; k|ltzt /sd yKb} hfg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] hu]8f sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd
/fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt glnO{ cGo zLif{sdf /sdfGt/ ug{ jf nufgL ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
;6xL ;dLs/0f sf]ifM -!_ ljb]zL ljlgdo sf/f]af/ ug]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k|To]s cfly{s
jif{df ef/tLo ?k}ofFF afx]s cGo ljb]zL d'b|fsf] ljlgdo b/df kl/jt{g ePsf] sf/0faf6 cfh{g
u/]sf] k'gd{"Nofg d'gfkmfnfO{ ;f]xL cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fadf cfjZos
lx;fa ldnfg ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fadf lx;fa ldnfg ubf{ s'g} cfly{s jif{df
30
$*=
$(=
k'gd"{Nofg cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 eg] To:tf] d'gfkmfsf] slDtdf kRrL; k|ltzt /sd ;6xL
;dLs/0f sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ ef/tLo ?k}ofFsf] ljlgdo b/df kl/jt{g ePsf] sf/0faf6 x'g] k'gd"{Nofg gfkmf
gf]S;fgLsf] xsdf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;6xL ;dLs/0f sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd ljb]zL d'b|fsf]
ljlgdo b/df 36a9 ePsf] sf/0faf6 x'g] gf]S;fgL ;dfof]hg ug{ afx]s /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt
glnO{ cGo sfddf vr{ ug{ jf /sdfGt/ ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
sfod /fVg'kg]{ t/n ;DklQM a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]s]
adf]lhdsf] t/n ;DklQ sfod /fVg' kg]{5 .
nfef+z e'QmfgL / :yfgfGt/0fM -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ k|f/lDes vr{,
cl3Nnf] jif{;Dd x'g uPsf] gf]S;fgL, /fi6 a}+s tf]lslbPsf] k"FhL, k"FhLsf]if, ;Defljt gf]S;fgL
Joj:yf / ;fwf/0f hu]8fsf]ifdf bkmf $^ adf]lhd 5'6\ofpg' kg]{ /sd k"/f gu/];Dd /
;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] z]o/ laqmL ljt/0f gu/];Dd z]o/wgLx?nfO{ nfef+z 3f]if0ff ug{
jf afF8\g kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]] nfef+z 3f]if0ff tyf ljt/0f ug'{ cl3 /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt
lng' kg]{5 .
-#_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvf, sfof{non] g]kfnaf6 ljb]zdf nfef+z
/sdfGt/ ubf{ /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg{]5 .
31
%)=
%!=
kl/R5]b^
sf/f]af/ ;+rfng ;DaGwL Joj:yf
sf/f]af/ ;~rfngsf cfwf/e"t l;4fGtM -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o; P]g, k|aGwkq,
lgodfjnL, Ohfhtkq k|bfg ubf{ tf]lsPsf zt{, ;Ldf tyf ;do ;dodf /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L
u/]sf] lgb{]zg jf cfb]z adf]lhd :jR5 Pj+ ljj]s;Ddt 9+un] cfkm\gf] ljQLo sf/f]jf/
;~rfng ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|lts"n gx'g] u/L] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] sf/f]jf/sf]
l;nl;nfdf b]xfosf ;d]t sfd ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_
kF"hLsf]if tyf kof{Kt t/ntf sfod /fVg],
-v_
;DklQsf] x|f;sL, bfloTj jxg / gf]S;fgL ;DaGwL kof{Kt Joj:yf ldnfpg],
-u_
n]vf tyf cGo sf/f]af/sf] clen]v :ki6 / Jojl:yt tj/af6 /fVg],
-3_
hf]lvd lgoGq0f ;DaGwL kof{Kt tyf k|efjsf/L Joj:yf ug]{,
-_
gf]S;fgLsf] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;DklQsf] ljljwLs/0f ug]{ .
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug{ ;Sg] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/M -!_ o; P]g, k|aGwkq /
lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL s ju{sf] a}+sn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/
ug{ ;Sg]5M
-s_
Aofh jf lagf Aofhdf lgIf]k :jLsf/ ug]{ tyf To:tf] lgIf]ksf] e'QmfgL lbg],
-v_
/fi6 a}sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ jf lgb]{zgsf] clwgdf /xL shf{ lbg],
-u_
k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ljb]zL ljlgdo sf/f]af/ ug]{,
-3_
xfo/ kr]{h, lnlh, xfpl;, ;]jf Joj;fo tyf xfOkf]lys]zg lwtf] /fvL]
shf{ lbg],
-_
/fi6 a}sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ jf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL dr]{06 a}l
sf/f]af/ ug]{,
-r_
cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu ldnL ;xljQLos/0fsf] cfwf/df lwtf] ljefhg
-kf/L kf;'_ ug]{ u/L cfk;df ePsf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf shf{ lbg]
lbnfpg] Joj:yf ug]{,
-5_
cfgf] u|fxssf] tk{maf6 hdfgtkq hf/L ug]{ / ;f] afkt u|fxs;Fu cfjZos
zt{ u/fpg], ;'/If0f lng], lghsf] rn crn ;DklQ lwtf]aGws lng] jf t];|f]
JolQmsf] h]yf hdfgt lng] / lwtf]jGws, ;'/If0fdf lnPsf] ;DklQ k|fKt ug]{,
wf/0f ug]{ tyf ;f] ;DaGwL cGo sf/f]jf/ ug]{,
-h_
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] hdfgtdf shf{ lbg],
-_ k|lttkq, ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq, r]s, ofq' r]s, 8f6 jf cGo ljQLo
pks/0f lgisfzg ug]{, :jLsf/ ug]{, e'QmfgL lbg], l8:sfp06 ug]{ jf vl/b
laqmL ug]{,
-`_
/fi6 a}sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ jf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL 6]lnkmf]g, 6]n]S;,
ofS;, sDKo'6/ jf DofUg]l6s 6]k jf cGo To:t} k|sf/sf ljB'tLo pks/0f
jf ;fwgsf] dfWodaf6 lgIf]k lng], e'QmfgL lbg], n]gb]g ug]{, dWo:ytfsf]
sfd ug]{ / /sdfGt/ ug]{,
32
-6_
-7_
-8_
-9_
-0f_
-t_
-y_
-b_
-w_
-g_
-k_
-km_
-a_
-e_
-d_
-o_
q]ml86 sf8{, 8]la6 sf8{, rfh{ sf8{, l8lh6n jf ljB'tLo sf/f]jf/ nufotsf
cGo ljQLo pks/0fx? hf/L ug]{, :jLsf/ ug]{, Joj:yfkg ug]{ / ;f] ;DaGwL
sfo{ ug{ Ph]06 lgo'Qm ug]{,
c6f]d]6]8 6]n/ d]lzg, Sof; l8:k]lG; / o:t} cGo On]S6f]lgs d]lzgsf]
dfWodaf6 lgIf]k lng], e'QmfgL lbg] / shf{ lbg],
k|rlnt Joj:yfsf] clwgdf /xL clwljsif{ shf{ lbg],
cfk"msxfF klxn] g} lwtf] /xL;s]sf] rn crn ;DklQsf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf]
/sd k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg] jf cGo a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfdf lwtf] /lx;s]sf] rn crn ;DklQsf] k'gM lwtf]df To;sf] d"Non]
vfd];Ddsf] /sd k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg],
/fi6 a}sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ jf lgb]{zg adf]lhd /fi6 a}+ssf] Ph]06 eO{
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 ;/sf/L sf/f]af/ nufot cGo sf/f]af/ ug]{],
g]kfn leq jf ljb]zdf ljlgdokq, r]s jf cGo ljQLo pks/0ff/f /sd
k7fpg] jf rnfg ug]{, ljb]zaf6 ljk|]if0f k|fKt ug{] / ;f] sf] e'QmfgL ug{],
;'g, rfFbL, z]o/, l8a]Gr/, a08 cflb vl/blaqmL ug]{ / z]o/sf] nfef+z tyf
ljlgdokq, s'kg, 8fk\m6, jfxskq, /]nj] /l;b k|lt1fkq, l8a]Gr/, a08
lvr]/ ;f] ;DaGwL Aofh c;'n pk/ ug]{,
u|fxssf] lgldQ sldzg Ph]06 eO{ z]o/, l8a]Gr/ jf ;'/If0fsf] lhDdf lng],
vl/blaqmL ul/lbg], z]o/sf] nfef+z, l8a]Gr/ jf ;'/If0fsf] Aofh cflb p7fO{
lbg] / ;f]sf] nfef+z, d'gfkmf jf Aofh g]kfn leq jf ljb]zdf k7fpg],
g]kfn ;/sf/ jf /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] C0fkq vl/blaqmL ug]{ jf ;sf/
ug]{,
;]km l8kf]lh6 eN6sf] Joj:yf ug]{,
/fi6 a}sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ jf lgb]{zgsf] clwgdf /xL jf;nft aflx/sf]
sf/f]af/ ug]{,
ljkGg ju{, Go"g cfo ePsf] kl/jf/, b}jL k|sf]k kLl8t tyf d'n'ssf s'g}
If]qsf jfl;Gbfsf] cfly{s pTyfgsf] nflu JolQmut jf ;fd'lxs hdfgLdf
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] /sd;Dd shf{ lbg],
cfk"m tyf cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lng] C0fL jf u|fxssf] ljj/0f,
;"rgf jf hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+s, ;DalGwt lgsfo jf cGo a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfaLr lng] lbg],
/fi6 a}sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ jf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;'g, rFfbL vl/b
ljqmL ug]{,
/fi6 a}sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ jf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL z]o/ l8a]Gr/,
a08, C0fkq, artkq, jf cGo ljQLo pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 k"FhL kl/rfng
ug]{ / ljleGg lsl;dsf ljQLo pks/0fx?df nufgL ug]{,
cfjZostfg';f/ /fi6 a}+saf6 k'g/shf{ lng] jf cGo a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfaf6 shf{ lng]lbg],
kl/of]hgf :yfkgf, ;~rfng / d"Nofg ;DaGwL cWoog, cg';Gwfg, ;j]{If0f
33
ug]{ u/fpg] tyf tfnLd, k/fdz{ / cGo hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg],

-/_
kl/of]hgfsf] k|j4{gsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ jf cGo :jb]zL jf ljb]zL
lgsfoaf6 k|fKt ePsf] /sd shf{sf] ?kdf k|jfx ug]{ jf shf{sf] Aoj:yfkg
ug]{,
-n_
s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ shf{ lb+bf jf lgh;Fu s'g} sf/f]af/ ubf{ cfgf]
lxtsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ zt{ u/fpg],
-j_
cfgf] rn crn hfoh]yf lwtf] /fvL shf{ lng],
-z_
k|rlnt shf{ ckn]vg ljlgodfjnLsf] clwgdf /xL shf{ ckn]vg ug{],
-if_
o; P]g / k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cfk\mgf] :jfldTjdf cfpg] ;a} k|sf/sf
hfoh]yfsf] plrt Joj:yfkg tyf ljqmL ug]{,
-;_
/fi6 a}sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ jf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;DalGwt
lgsfoaf6 :jLs[lt lnO{ cfkm\gf u|fxssf] nflu dfq aLdf clestf{ ;DaGwL
sfo{ ug]{,
-x_
/fi6 a}sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ jf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;xfos sDkgL
vf]nL Do'r'cn km08sf] sfd sf/f]jf/ ug]{,
-If_
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L JolQmx? aLr x'g] s'g} sfo{
jfkt ltg'{ a'emfpg' jf lng' kg]{ /sd pQm sfd ePkl5 e'QmfgL lng] lbg]
Joj:yf ug{ b'O{ kIfsf] ;xdltdf hdfgL a:g],
-q_
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfd ug]{ .
-@_ o; P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL v ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6
a}sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ jf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/
ug{ ;Sg]5M
-s_
-v_
xfOkf]lys]zg lwtf] /fvL lbg] shf{ afx]s cGo shf{ lbg],
-u_
k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ljb]zL ljlgdo sf/f]af/ ug]{,
-3_
xfo/ kr]{h, lnlh, xfpl;, tyf ;]jf Joj;fo lwtf] /fvL shf{ lbg],
-_
dr]{06 a}l sf/f]af/ ug]{,
-r_
cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfx?;Fu ldnL ;xljQLos/0fsf] cfwf/df lwtf]
ljefhg -kf/L kf;'_ ug]{ u/L cfk;df ePsf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf
shf{ lbg], lbnfpg] Joj:yf ug]{,
-5_
-h_
JolQmsf] h]yf hdfgt lng],
-em_ ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq, r]s, ofq'r]s, 8f6 jf x'08L hf/L ug]{, :jLsf/ ug]{,
e'QmfgL lbg], l8:sfp06 ug]{ jf vl/blaqmL ug]{,
-`_
c6f]d]6]8 6]n/ d]lzg, Sof; l8:k]lG; d]lzg / o:t} cGo On]S6f]lgssf]
dfWodaf6 lgIf]k lng], e'QmfgL lbg] / shf{ lbg],
34
-6_
-7_
-8_
-9_
-0f_
-t_
-y_
-b_
-w_
-g_
-k_
-km_
-a_
-e_
-d_
-o_
-/_
-n_
-j_
k|rlnt Joj:yfsf] clwgdf /xL clwljsif{ shf{ lbg],

cfk"msxfF klxn] g} lwtf] /lx;s]sf] rn crn ;DklQsf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf]
/fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[tL lnO{ k|lttkq / j}b]lzs ljk|]if0fsf] sf/f]jf/ ug]{,
g]kfn leq ljlgdokq, r]s jf cGo ljQLo pks/0fsf] dfWodf/f /sd
k7fpg], z]o/ jf l8a]Gr/, a08 cflb vl/blaqmL ug]{, z]o/sf] nfef+z /
k|lt1fkq, l8a]Gr/, a08 cflbsf] Aofh c;"n pk/ ug]{,
vl/blaqmL ul/lbg], z]o/, l8a]Gr/ jf ;'/If0fsf] nfef+z, Aofh, d'gfkmf cflb
p7fO lbg],
g]kfn ;/sf/ jf /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] C0fkqsf] vl/blaqmL ug]{ jf ;sf/
ug]{,
;]km l8kf]lh6 eN6sf] Joj:yf ug]{,
jf;nft aflx/sf] sf/f]af/ ug]{,
ljkGg ju{, Go"g cfo ePsf kl/jf/, b}jL k|sf]k kLl8t tyf d'n'ssf s'g}
If]qsf] afl;Gbfsf] cfly{s pTyfgsf] nflu JolQmut jf ;fd'lxs hdfgLdf
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] /sd;Dd shf{ lbg],
cfk"m tyf cGo s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 shf{ jf s'g} k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf
lng] C0fL jf u|fxssf] ljj/0f ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+s, ;DalGwt
lgsfo jf cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaLr lng] lbg],
g]kfnleq /sd :yfgfGt/0f ;DaGwL sfd ug]{,
z]o/, l8a]Gr/, a08, C0fkq, artkq jf cGo ljQLo pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6
k"FhL kl/rfng ug]{,
cfjZostfg';f/ /fi6 a}+saf6 k'gs{hf{ lng] jf cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6
shf{ lng] lbg],
kl/of]hgfsf] k|j4{gsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ jf cGo :jb]zL jf ljb]zL
lgsfoaf6 k|fKt ePsf] /sd shf{sf] ?kdf k|jfx ug]{ jf shf{sf] Joj:yfkg
ug]{,
kl/of]hgf :yfkgf, ;~rfng / a}+ls, n]vf, ;Dklt, shf{ d"Nofg ;DaGwL
cWoog, cg';Gwfg, ;e]{If0f ug]{ u/fpg] tyf tfnLd, k/fdz{ / cGo ;]jf
k|bfg ug]{ tyf hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg],
s'g} klg JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ ;jf/L ;fwg, d]lzg cf}hf/,
35
pks/0f, 3/fo;L l6sfp ;fdfg jf To:t} cGo rn ;DklQsf] nflu

ls:tfaGbL jf xfo/kr]{h shf{ pknAw u/fpg],
-j_
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf cGo sfd ug]{ .
-#_ of] P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL u ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6
a}sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ jf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/
ug{ ;Sg]5M
-s_
-v_
xfOkf]lys]zg lwtf] /fvL lbg] shf{ afx]s cGo shf{ lbg],
-u_
xfo/ kr]{h, lnlh tyf xfpl; lwtf] /fvL shf{ lbg],
-3_
dr]{06 a}l sf/f]af/ ug]{,
-_
-r_
cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu ldnL ;xljQLos/0fsf] cfwf/df lwtf] ljefhg
-kf/L kf;'_ ug]{ u/L cfk;df ePsf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf shf{ lbg],
-5_
-h_
-em_ cfk"msxfF klxn] g} lwtf] /lx;s]sf] rn crn ;DklQsf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf]
-`_
cfgf] hfoh]yfsf] plrt k|aGw ug]{, laqmL ug]{ jf axfndf lbg],
-6_
ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq, r]s, ofq'r]s, 8f6 jf cGo ljQLo pks/0f hf/L
ug]{, :jLsf/ ug]{, e'QmfgL lbg], l8:sfp06 ug]{ jf vl/blaqmL ug]{,
-7_
ef/tLo ?k}ofF vl/blaqmL ug]{,
-8_
ljkGg ju{, Go"g cfo ePsf kl/jf/, b}jL k|sf]k kLl8t tyf d'n'ssf] s'g}
If]qsf] afl;Gbfsf] cfly{s pTyfgsf] nflu JolQmut jf ;fd"lxs hdfgLdf
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf]] /sd;Dd shf{ lbg],
-9_
lng] C0fL jf u|fxssf] ljj/0f ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+s jf s'g} cGo a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfaLr lng] lbg],
-0f_
s'g} klg JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ ;jf/L ;fwg, d]lzg cf}hf/,
pks/0f, 3/fo;L l6sfp ;fdfg jf To:t} cGo rn ;DklQsf] nflu
ls:tfaGbL jf xfo/kr]{h shf{ pknAw u/fpg],
-t_
s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ cfjf;Lo 3/ jf uf]bfd 3/ vl/b ug{
jf lgdf{0f ug{ jf To:tf] cfjf;Lo 3/ jf uf]bfd 3/ lgdf{0f ug{sf lgldQ
hUuf vl/b ug{ shf{ pknAw u/fpg],
-y_
s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ ;jf/L ;fwg, d]lzg, cf}hf/ pks/0f,
3/fo;L l6sfp ;fdfg jf To:t} rn ;DklQ ef8fdf lng shf{ -lnlh
kmfOgfG;_ pknAw u/fpg] jf To:tf rn ;DklQ ef8fdf lbg],
36
-b_
-w_
-g_
-k_
-km_
-a_
-e_
-d_
JolQmsf] h]yf hdfgt lng],
vl/blaqmL ul/lbg], z]o/, l8a]Gr/ jf ;'/If0fsf] nfef+z, Aofh, d'gfkmf cflb
p7fO lbg] jf lwtf]kq sf/f]jf/ ug]{,
s'g} ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L jf k"j{ sd{rf/L jf lghsf] cfl>t jf
lghx?;Fu ;DalGwt JolQmx?sf] lxtsf] nflu :yfkgf ePsf] ;+:yfx?nfO{
;3fp k'ofpg lgj[lQe/0f jf eQf lbg] jf aLdfsf] /sd e'QmfgL ug]{,
cfk\mgf] ;Dkltsf] s'g} c+z jf k"/} ljqmL ug]{ jf lnhdf lbg],
Joj;flos k|lti7fgnfO{ cfjZos ljQLo k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{,
vl/b ul/Psf] s'g} klg j:t'sf] tTsfn jf kl5 e'QmfgL ug]{ -l8km8{_ d"Nodf
csf]{ vl/bstf{nfO{ ljqmL ug'{ k/]df ljQLo ;+:yf / ljqm]tfsf] ;xdlt cg';f/
;f] j:t'sf] d"No to ug]{,
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf cGo sfd ug]{ .
-$_ of] P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL 3 ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6
a}sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ tyf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL b]xfo adf]lhdsf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]5M
-s_
n3' shf{ k|bfg ug]{,
-v_
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] cjlw;Dd lgoldt ?kdf art u/L tf]lslbPsf] art
sfod /fv]sf] ;d"x jf ;d"xsf] ;b:onfO{ n3' Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ s'g}
rn crn ;DklQ ;'/If0f jf hdfgt lnO{ jf glnO{ n3'shf{ lbg],
-u_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf :jb]zL jf ljb]zL ;+3;+:yf cflbaf6 shf{ jf
cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{ / To:tf] shf{ jf cg'bfg n3'shf{ ljt/0fdf jf ;f]
sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] sfddf k|of]u ug]{,
t/ ljb]zL ;+3;+:yf cflbaf6 shf{ jf cg'bfg lng' cl3 /fi6
a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-3_
n3'shf{ pknAw u/fpg' cl3 h'g sfo{sf] nflu shf{ dfu ePsf] xf] ;f]
;DaGwL sfo{sf] d"Nofg ug]{ / To:tf] sfo{sf] ;DefJotf 5, 5}g klxrfg
ug]{,
-_
Go"g cfo ePsf JolQmsf] cfly{s l:yltdf ;'wf/ x'g] vfnsf n3' Joj;fo
;+rfng ug{ shf{ jf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{,
-r_
n3' Joj;fosf] ;DaGwdf uf]i7L ;~rfng ug]{, kl/of]hgf th'{df ug]{,
k|lzIf0f lbg], ;xof]u ug]{, k|fljlws 1fg lbnfpg] / cfjZostfg';f/
k|fljlws ;xof]u h'6fpg],
-5_
n3'shf{ kl/rfng ;DaGwdf ;d"xnfO{ cfjZos kg{] ;]jf k|bfg ug]{,
37
-h_
-_
-`_
-6_
-7_
-8_
n3'shf{ ;dodf c;'n pk/ ug]{tk{m cfjZos sf/afxL ug]{,

n3'shf{sf] plrt k|of]u eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg ug]{ / cg'udg ubf{
plrt k|of]u ePsf] gb]lvPdf cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg],
/fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[tL lnO{ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] zt{ aGb]hsf] clwgdf /xL
lgIf]k :jLsf/ ug]{ tyf To:tf] lgIf]ksf] e'QmfgL lbg],
cfgf] rn crn hfoh]yf lwtf] /fvL shf{ lng] tyf hfoh]yfsf] plrt
k|aGw ug]{,
lng] C0fL jf u|fxssf] ljj/0f ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+s, ;DalGwt
lgsfof jf cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaLr lng] lbg],
-%_ o; P]gdf cGoGq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg of] P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL
tyf /fi6 a}sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ tyf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+sn] b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]5M
-s_
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfx?df shf{ nufgL ug]{,
-v_
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;DaGwL kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ug]{ sDkgLx?sf] lwtf]kqdf
nufgL jf OGe]i6d]G6 a}+lsusf] sfd ug]{,
-u_
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; kl/of]hgfsf] ljsf; tyf ;+rfngsf] nflu cfjZos ljQLo
k/fd;{ pknJw u/fpg], kl/of]hgfdf nufgL ug]{ OR5's :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL
nufgLstf{x?sf] klxrfg ug]{ / To:tf nufgLstf{x?nfO{ k"jf{wf/ ljsf;
kl/of]hgfsf ;+:yfks, ;+rfns jf of]hgfsf/x?;Fu ;Dks{ u/fpg] / o;
;DaGwL ;]jfsf] pko'Qm z'Ns lng],
-3_
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; kl/of]hgf ;+rfngsf] nflu laleGg ljQLo pks/0fx? tof/
ul/ lbg] / o; ;DaGwL pko'Qm k/fd;{ pknJw u/fpg],
-_
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfx? lgdf{0f tyf ;+rfngsf] nflu cfjZos
d]l;g pks/0f tyf cf}hf/x?sf] v/Lb, ljqmL jf cfk"lt{ jf h8fg ;DaGwL
sf/f]jf/sf] nflu k|lttkq vf]Ng] tyf hdfgt kqx? hf/L ug]{,
-r_
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfx?df nufgL ug{ cfjZos /sd
h'6fpgsf] nflu /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ljleGg k|sf/sf :j]b]zL jf ljb]zL
ljlgdodf ljQLo pks/0f hf/L ug]{,
-5_
d'gfkmfdf ;xefuL u/fpg] jf gu/fpg] jf sDtLdf Ps jif{ eGbf a9L ;do
kl5 dfq lkmtf{ ug]{ zt{df s'g} JolQm jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfaf6 Ps k6sdf
sDtLdf bz nfv jf ;f] eGbf a9Lsf] d'2tL lgIf]k :jLsf/ ug]{,
-h_
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfx?sf] ljsf;, ;+rfng tyf Joj:yfkgsf]
nflu cGo cfjZos sfo{ ug]{,
-em_ cfkm"n] z]o/ vl/b jf C0f nufgL u/]sf] kl/of]hgfsf] gfddf rNtL vftf
vf]nL ;~rfng ug]{,
-`_
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ug]{ sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ C0f lbg]
jf To:tf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] lwtf]kqdf nufgL ug]{,
-6_
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbP adf]lhdsf ;fdfGo a}+ls sf/f]af/ ug]{ .
-7_
38
%@=
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug{ gx'g] sfdM -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] b]xfosf sfd ug'{ jf u/fpg'
x'Fb}gM
-s_
Jofkf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] dfn;fdfg vl/blaqmL ug{ jf cfgf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ
cfjZos kg]{ afx]s ejg lgdf{0f jf crn ;DklQ vl/b ug{,
-v_
cfgf] z]o/sf] ;'/If0fdf shf{ lbg,
-u_
;+:yfks, ;~rfns, r'Qmf k"FhLsf] Ps k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf]
JolQm, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf To:tf JolQmsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o jf ;~rfns
dgf]gLt jf lgo'lQm ug]{ clwsf/ kfPsf] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ shf{ jf
;'ljwf k|bfg ug{,
-3_
;+:yfks, ;~rfns, r'Qmf k"FhLsf] Ps k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf]
JolQm, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf To:tf JolQmsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf d}g]lh Ph]06
jf ;~rfns dgf]gLt ug]{ clwsf/ kfPsf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf]
pNn]Vo :jfldTj jf ljQLo :jfy{ ePsf] s'g} kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ s'g}
lsl;dsf] shf{ jf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{,
-_
Pp6} u|fxs, sDkgL, Ps} ;d"xsf] sDkgL jf ;fem]bf/L kmd{, ;Da4 JolQmnfO{
cfgf] k"FhLsf]ifsf] /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] k|ltzteGbf a9L x'g] u/L shf{ jf
;'ljwf k|bfg ug{,
:ki6Ls/0f M o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu Ps} ;d"x eGgfn] /fi6 a}+sn]
;do ;dodf lgb{]zg hf/L u/L tf]lslbP adf]lhdsf] ;Da4 JolQm,
sDkgLx? jf ;fem]bf/L kmd{ cflbsf] ;d"x ;Demg' k5{ .
-r_
;+:yfks, ;~rfns jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v hdfgt a;L s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL
jf ;+:yfnfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf] shf{ lbg,
-5_
o; P]gsf] clwgdf /xL /fi6 a}+saf6 s, v / u ju{sf] ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ug{ :jLs[lt kfPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lwtf]kqdf nufgL ug{,
-h_
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] ;LdfeGbf a9L /sd cGo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ k"FhLdf
nufgL ug{,
-em_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfx? Ps cfk;df ldnL ljQLo sf/f]af/df s'g} lsl;dsf]
Psflwsf/ jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] lgolGqt cEof; sfod ug{,
-`_
cfk"mn] gfhfoh nfe lng] lgotn] ljQLo If]qsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds jftfj/0fdf
s[lqd cj/f]w v8f x'g] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] sfo{ ug{,
-6_
bkmf %@ adf]lhdsf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]jf/ jfx]s cfkm}n] jf Ph]G6,
;fem]bf/ jf ;x:jfldTj ePsf] JolQmsf] x}l;otn] yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/,
j:t' lgdf{0f -Dofg'ofSrl/_, oftfoft, s[lif, vfgL, lgdf{0f Joj;fo jf o:t}
cGo Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{,
t/ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] shf{ c;'nL ug{ c:yfoL ?kdf
To:tf] sfd sf/jfxLx? ;~rfng ug{ jf To;df ;xefuL x'g ;Sg]5 .
39
-7_
cfgf] lgoldt a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos ePsf] jf
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lbPsf] jf lnO/fv]sf] lwtf] w/f}6sf] aGbf]a:tsf]
nflu cfjZos ePsf]df jfx]s j:t'sf] v/Lb laqmL ug{ jf ;fkf ug{{,
-8_
;+sng jf ljlgd]osf] nflu k|fKt ul/Psf ljlgd]o kq jf bkmf %@ df
pNn]v ePsf] Jofj;fo;Fu ;DalGwt Jofj;fo afx]s s'g} Jofkf/ jf cGo
JolQmsf] nflu j:t' v/LblaqmL ug]{ jf ;6\6f k6\6f ug]{ Joj;fo ug{,
-9_
/fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k"FhL /sdsf] cfwf/df
lgwf{/0f u/]sf] cf};t k|ltzteGbf a9L x'g] u/L s'g} klg crn ;DklQ v/Lb
ug{ jf cGo s'g} lsl;dn] k|fKt ug{ jf To;df s'g} xs k|fKt ug{,
t/ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ s'g} shf{sf] lwtf] w/f}6 jfkt jf C0f
e'QmfgL gePsf] cj:Yffdf lwtf] jfkt s'g} crn ;DklQ :jLsf/ ug{ tyf
To:tf] crn ;DklQ laqmL gu?Gh]n ;f] ;DklQ wf/0f u/L /fVg jfwf
k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-0f_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug{ gx'g] egL /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]s]sf cGo
sfo{ ug{ .
-@_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cfgf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]jf/
;~rfngsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu jf cfgf sd{rf/LnfO{ k|rlnt sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd cfjf; jf
cGo ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg, g]kfn ;/sf/ jf /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] C0fkq, s'g} klg lgIf]k vftfdf
/x]sf] /sd jf d'2lt /l;bsf] lwtf]df shf{ lbg / ;+:yfks, ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf Ps
k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf] z]o/wgLx?nfO{ cfkm\g} d'2lt lgIf]k, g]kfn ;/sf/ jf /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L
u/]sf] C0fkqsf] lwtf]df shf{, tyf tf]lsPsf] ;Ldf;Ddsf] qm]l86 sf8{ ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ o; bkmfsf]
k|fjwfgn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
%#=
%$=
%%=
%^=
;xfos sDkgL pk/ aGb]hM o; P]gdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6
a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lagf g]kfn leq jf lab]zdf ;xfos sDkgL vf]Ng, k|fKt ug{ jf To;df s'g}
lsl;dsf] :jfy{ /fVg ;Sg] 5}g .
;Da4 JolQm;Fu sf/f]af/ ug{ gkfpg]M /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s s'g} klg a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;Da4 JolQmx?nfO{ s'g} klg shf{ jf ;'lawf lbg ;Sg] 5}g .
shf{ r'Qmf ug'{ kg]{ ljif]z Joj:yfM s'g} klg a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} JolQm jf lghsf]
kl/jf/ jf lghsf] pNn]Vo :jfldTj jf pNn]Vo x}l;ot /x]sf] s'g} ;+:yfnfO{ C0f lbPsf]df
C0f ;'ljwf lbPkl5 To:tf] JolQm a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Lsf] kbdf
lgo'lQm ePdf ;f] JolQm lgol'Qm ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{leq lghsf] jfFsL] shf{ /sd r'Qmf x'g'
kg]{5 / ;f] ;do leq r'Qmf gu/]df o; P]g adf]lhd s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
;DklQ z'4Ls/0f -dgL nfp08l/_ tyf z+sf:kb sf/f]af/sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg]M -!_ s'g} klg
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] vftfjfn JolQm jf cfk"m;Fu sf/f]jf/ ug]{ cGo s;}sf] klg cfkm\gf]
u|fxs klxrfg -gf] of]/ s:6d/_ lgodg nufot cfkm\gf] u|fxsx?;Fusf] sf/f]af/sf ;DaGwdf
;"rgf ;+sng u/L clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To;sf] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{ s'g} JolQm
k|ToIf jf k/f]If ?kdf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f -dgL nfp08l/_ df ;+nUg ePsf], lghn] cft+sjfbL
lqmofsnfkdf nufgL u/]sf] jf s'g} sf/f]af/af6 ;DklQ z'4Ls/0fdf jf cft+sjfbdf nufgL
u/]sf] jf ug{ nfu]sf] s'/fdf z+sf ug'{kg]{ dgfl;a sf/0f ePdf To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
40
jf To;sf] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Ln] To:tf] JolQm jf sf/f]jf/sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f ;lxtsf]

k|ltj]bg /fi6 a}+s tyf ;DalGwt clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfonfO{ t'?Gt lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ u}/sfg"gL ?kaf6 /sd cfh{g u/L lgIf]k hDdf ug]{ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ sfg"gL
sf/afxLaf6 arfpgsf nflu a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] To:tf] ;DklQ n'sfpg, kl/jt{g ug{,
e'QmfgL jf /sdfGt/ ug{ jf ;f]sf] pTklQ jf ;|f]t ;DaGwL hfgsf/L n'sfpg] jf 9fF6\g] jf
;f]sf] nflu s'g} lsl;dsf] ;xof]u ug'{ x'Fb}g . To:tf] sfo{ u/]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPdf jf
To:tf] sfo{ eP u/]sf] z+sf nfu]df a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;f]sf] ljj/0f /fi6 a}+s / d'b|f
ckrng lgoGq0f ug]{ ;DalGwt cGo lgsfonfO{ t'?Gt pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ / -#_ adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt ;"rgfsf cfwf/df s'g}
JolQm k|ToIf jf k/f]If ?kdf u}/ sfg"gL ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f jf cft+sjfbdf nufgL ug]{ sfo{df
;+nUg ePsf] jf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f jf cft+sjfbdf nufgL ug]{ qmddf /x]sf] jf x'g ;Sg]
;+efjgf ePsf] s'/fdf z+sf ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a sf/0f ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] k|ltj]bgnfO{
cfjZos sf/jfxLsf] nflu clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfo ;dIf k7fpg]5 .
-%_ s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd cg';Gwfg eO/x]sf] yfxf kfO{ jf z+sf u/L
To:tf] cg';GwfgnfO{ k|lts"n k|efj kfg]{ jf kg{;Sg] u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L csf]{] JolQmnfO{
lbPdf jf pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] cg';Gwfg;+u ;fGble{s ePsf]] jf x'g] ;Defjgf /x]sf]
;"rgfsf] e'mf] ljj/0f lbP jf lbg nufPdf, ;"rgf n'sfP jf n'sfpg nufPdf, gi6 u/] jf
ug{ nufPdf jf cGo s'g} lsl;dn] k|df0f gf; u/] jf ug{ k|of; u/]df lghn] s;"/ u/]sf]
dflgg]5 .
%&=
/fi6 a}+sn] lgb{]zg hf/L ug{] M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd sfd sf/f]jf/ ubf{
cjnDjg ug{' kg{] k|s[ofut Aoj:yf tyf cGo sfd s'/fsf ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos
lgb{]zg hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
41
kl/R5]b &
shf{ k|jfx tyf c;"nL ;DaGwL Joj:yf
%*=
shf{ k|jfx ug{' kg]{M -!_ /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf lbPsf] lgb]{zg tyf ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]
shf{ gLltsf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]hg v'nfP/ dfq a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] shf{ k|jfx ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] shf{ lb+bf cfk"mnfO{ dfGo x'g] rn crn ;DklQ ;'/If0f
lnO{ jf cGo plrt hdfgL lnO{ cfgf] / lgIf]kstf{sf] lxtsf] ;'/Iff x'g] u/L shf{ k|jfx ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o; bkmf adf]lhd shf{sf] ;'/If0f afkt lnPsf] ;DklQ
s'g} klg Joxf]/faf6 s;}sf gfpFdf /lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]h ug{ jf x:tfGt/0f x'g g;Sg]
u/L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfddf /lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]h jf /f]Ssf /flvlbgsf] nflu
;DalGwt sfof{nodf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd /lhi6]zg, bflvn vf/]h jf /f]Ssf /flvlbgsf] nflu a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 n]vL cfPdf ;DalGwt sfof{non] dfu adf]lhd /lhi6]zg, bflvn vf/]h jf
/f]Ssf u/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ Go"g cfo ePsf] tyf ljkGg ju{sf] JolQm / s'g} vf; ef}uf]lns If]qdf a;f]jf;
ug]{ afl;Gbfsf] cfly{s pTyfgsf] nflu k|fyldstf lbOPsf] ju{ tyf If]qdf shf{ k|jfx ug{
/fi6 a}+sn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;F+u lnPsf] shf{sf] zt{,
efvf / Aofh ;DaGwL s'/fx a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf / C0fLsf aLr ePsf] lnvt jf s/f/df
pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-&_ C0fL, hdfgtstf{ jf kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf C0fL eP ;f]sf ;~rfns, /fi6
a}+sn] tf]s]sf] k|ltzt eGbf a9L z]o/ lng] z]o/wgL, ;fem]bf/ jf cGo s'g} k|sf/sf] :jfldTj
x'g] JolQm, plNnlvt ;a} JolQmsf kl/jf/ tyf lghx? sxLF st} lxtflwsf/L eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f
tyf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sf/jfxL ug'{ kbf{ cfjZos kl/ro v'Ng] k|df0f ;d]t a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] lng' kg]{5 .
-*_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s;}nfO{ shf{ k|bfg ubf{ shf{sf] ;Ffjf, Aofh, xhf{gf tyf
;f] ltg]{ a'emfpg] lgoldt ls:tf ;d]t tf]sL ;f] sf] hfgsf/L C0fL tyf hdfgtstf{nfO{ lbg]
/ shf{ /sdsf] k|of]usf] ;DaGwdf cg'udgsf] tflnsf agfO{ ;f] adf]lhd lgoldt cg'udg
ug'{ kg]{5 .
%(=
shf{ c;"nL ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yf;Fu ePsf] shf{sf] ;Demf}tf jf zt{ sa'lnotsf] kfngf gu/]df jf lnvtsf] efsfleq
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] shf{ r'Qmf gu/]df jf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] hfFra'em ubf{ shf{
lnPsf] shf{ /sd h'g k|of]hgsf] nflu lnPsf] xf] ;f] k|of]hgdf gnufPsf] jf lxgfldgf jf
b'?kof]u ePsf] b]lvPdf ;DalGwt lnvt jf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg C0fLn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ n]lvlbPsf] jf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf /fv]sf] lwtf]
;'/If0fnfO{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lnnfd laqmL u/L jf cGo s'g} Joj:yf u/L cfgf] ;fjfF
Aofh c;"npk/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
42
-@_ shf{ lng], JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf /fv]sf] lwtf]
;'/If0fsf] hfoh]yfdf s'g} lsl;dn] xs 5f]8L lbPdf jf cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfdf /fv]sf] lwtf] ;'/If0fsf] df]n 36\g uPdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] tf]s]sf] Dofbleq To:tf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfaf6 ;f]
afkt yk lwtf] ;'/If0f /fVg nufpg ;Sg]5 . shf{ lng] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] tf]s]sf] Dofbleq yk lwtf] ;'/If0f g/fv]df jf /fv]sf] lwtf] ;'/If0faf6
;fjfF Aofh c;'npk/ x'g g;s]df lghsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] jf lghsf] xs nfUg] cGo rn
crn ;DklQaf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cfgf] ;fjfF Aofh
c;'npk/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lnnfd laqmL jf cGo Joj:yf u/L c;'npk/ ePsf] /sdnfO{
;DklQ lnnfd laqmL jf cGo Joj:yf ubf{ ePsf] vr{sf] /sd / Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]
;fjfF Aofhsf] /sd sf u/L afFsL /xg cfPdf To:tf] afFsL /sd ;DalGwt JolQm, kmd{,
sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ lkmtf{ lbOg]5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lnnfd laqmL ubf{ lnnfd ;sfg]{
JolQmsf] gfddf ;f] hfoh]yf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd /lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]h ul/lbgsf]
nflu Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ;DalGwt sfof{nodf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd /lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]hsf] nflu Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfaf6 n]vL cfPdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;DalGwt sfof{non]
/lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]h ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lwtf] ;'/If0fdf /x]sf] rn crn
;DklQ lnnfd laqmL ubf{ s;}n] g;sf/]df To:tf] ;DklQ To:tf] ;+:yfn] tf]lsP adf]lhd
cfgf] :jfldTjdf lng]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfgf] :jfldTjdf lnPsf] ;DklQ
cfgf] gfpFdf /lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]h ul/lbgsf] nflu ;DalGwt sfof{nodf n]vL k7fpg'
kg]{5 . o;/L n]vLcfPdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;DalGwt
sfof{non] To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] gfddf To:tf] ;DklQ /lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]h
ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
-*_ s'g} JolQm jf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lwtf] lnnfddf ;sf/]sf] ;DklQ ;flas
wgLn] ef]urng ug{ lbg OGsf/ u/]df k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ef]u rng ug{ kfpg] u/fpg
;sf/ ug]{n] cg'/f]w u/]df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt lgsfon] cfjZos ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] bkmf %! df pNn]v eP k|rlnt shf{ ckn]vg
ljlgodsf] clwgdf /xL ckn]vg u/]sf] shf{sf] c;"nL sf/afxL /f]Sg kfpg] 5}g .
-!)_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf;Fu lnPsf] shf{ ;f]
shf{sf] lnvtsf] efsfleq r'Qmf gu/L o; bkmf adf]lhd sf/afxL rnfpFbf ;DalGwt
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd To:tf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ sfnf]
;"rLdf /fVg shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb| lnld6]8df n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-!!_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf;Fu o; bkmf adf]lhd shf{ c;"nLsf] sf/afxL
rnfpFbf ;d]t To:tf] shf{ c;"npk/ x'g g;s]df Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] C0fL JolQm, kmd{,
sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] ljb]zl:ylt cGo s'g} ;DklQaf6 ;d]t To:tf] shf{ c;"npk/ ug]{
k|of]hgsf] nflu k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg] nufotsf shf{ c;"npk/
;DaGwL sf/afxL rnfpg ;Sg]5 .
43
-!@_ pkbkmf -!_ b]lv -*_ adf]lhd C0f c;"nLsf ;a} sf/afxL rnfpFbf ;d]t C0f
c;"nL x'g g;s]df ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] C0fL JolQmsf] /fxbfgL /f]Ssf tyf
hkmt ug{ / /fHon] k|bfg ug]{ s'g} ;'ljwfaf6 ;DalGwt C0fLnfO{ jl~rt u/fpg] cfjZos
Joj:yfsf nflu /fi6 a} ;dIf cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 . o:tf] cg'/f]w k|fKt ePkl5 /fi6 a}n]
cfgf] /fo ;lxt cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k7fpg]5 .
44
kl/R5]b*
n]vf, clen]v, ljj/0f tyf k|ltj]bg ;DaGwL Joj:yf
^)=
^!=
lx;fa lstfa b'?:t /fVg' kg]{M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] lx;fa lstfa, vftf, axL,
>]:tf / n]vfsf] clen]v oyfy{ / b'?:t /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /flvg] n]vf bf]xf]/f] n]vf k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t ;j{dfGo l;4fGt
cg'?k a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/sf] oyfy{ l:ylt :ki6 ?kdf k|ltljlDat x'g] u/L
/flvPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ sf] ;j{dfGotfdf k|lts"n gx'g] u/L Ohfhtkq k|fKt ljb]zL
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvf jf sfof{non] cfkm\gf] ;DklQ, bfloTj, cfDbfgL, vr{ cflb v'Ng]
u/L 5'6\6} n]vf, lx;fj lstfa, clen]v tyf gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fj nufotsf] ljQLo ljj/0f
tof/ kf/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /flvg] n]vf tyf cGo ljj/0f /fi6 a}+sn] cGoyf :jLs[lt
lbPsf]df afx]s cfgf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf /fVg' kg]{5 .
jf;nft, gfkmfgf]S;fg, lx;fa tof/ u/L /fVg]M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] jf;nft /
gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fa tyf gub k|jfx ljj/0f nufotsf cGo ljQLo ljj/0f /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]lslbPsf] 9fFrf / tl/sf cg';f/ /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq cfkm\gf]
jf;nft tyf gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fasf] ljj/0f /fi6 a}+s ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 / To:tf] jf;nft
/ gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fasf] ljj/0f ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu ;f]xL cjlwleq Ps /fli6o
:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] k|To]s
cfly{s jif{sf] jf;nft / g]kfnleq / jflx/ ePsf] sf/f]jf/sf] gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fasf] ljj/0f
csf]{ cfly{s jif{sf] jf;nft / gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fa tof/ u/L ;fj{hlgs gu?Gh]n;Dd
cfkm\gf] a}+ls jf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng x'g] k|To]s :yfgdf ;a}n] :ki6;F+u b]Vg ;Sg]
7fpF+df 6fF+;u/L /fVg' kg]{5 / o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] jf;nft / gfkmfgf]S;fgsf] lx;fa s'g}
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k|sfzg gu/]df ;f]xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;++:yfsf] vr{df pQm jf;nft /
gfkmfgf]S;fgsf] lx;fa /fi6 a}+sn] k|sfzg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jf;nft / gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fadf ;f] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] ;xfos sDkgL eP To:tf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] sf/f]jf/ tyf ljQLo cj:yfnfO{ 5'f5'}
/ Plss[t ?kdf ;d]t pNn]v u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-$_ o; bkmfdf n]lvPsf] s'/fsf cltl/Qm Ohfhtkq k|fKt ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] zfvfn] cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] gJj] lbg leq To:tf] ljb]zL a}+s zfvfsf] ;DklQ,
bfloTj tyf cfoJoo ;d]l6g] u/L n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] jf;nft / gfkmfgf]S;fgsf] lx;fa
/fi6 a}+s ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 / /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbP cg';f/ To:tf] jf;nft / gfkmfgf]S;fg
lx;fa ;f]xL cjlwleq Ps /fli6o :t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] tof/ kfg'{ kg]{ jf;nft /
gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fasf] 9fFrf, ljifoj:t', k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{ tl/sf / ;fj{hlgs u/fpg' kg]{
s'g} ljj/0f cflb ;d]t /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] jf lgb]{zg lbPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
45
^@=
^#=
^$=
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k|sfzg u/]sf] s'g} ljj/0fdf pNn]v
u/]sf s'/fx? unt, ck"0f{, e|dk"0f{ jf em'f ePsf] z+sf nfu]df /fi6 a}+sn] lnlvt ;"rgf lbO{
To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd ug{ nufpg ;Sg]5 M
-s_
5'6fO{Psf] jf pNn]v gul/Psf] s'/f k|sfzg ug{,
-v_
unt, ck"0f{, e|dk"0f{ jf em'f hfgsf/L ;dfj]z gePsf ljj/0f k'gM k|sfzg
ug{, jf
-u_
/fi6 a}+sn] lgb]{zgdf tf]lslbP adf]lhdsf cGo s'/fx? ;Rofpg .
n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltM -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;ldltn] u}/ sfo{sf/L ;~rfnssf]
;+of]hsTjdf tLg ;b:o ePsf] Ps n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt u7g ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] n]vfkl/If0f ;ldltdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cWoIf,
pk;ldltsf] ;+of]hs / sfo{sf/L k|d'v /xL sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf ;b:ox? lgIf]k lng], shf{ lbg], lwtf]kqdf
nufgL ug]{, :jLs[t ah]6 vr{ u/L lg0f{o lng' kg]{ s'g} klg lgoldt b}lgs sf/f]jf/df ;+nUg
x'g kfpg] 5}g .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] n]vf k/LIf0f ;ldltsf] a}7s eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf
;ldltn] tf]sL ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ ;ldltn] a}7s af]nfPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s ;fdfGotof n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] a}7s
tLg dlxgfdf Ps k6s a:g] 5 .
-^_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw ;f]xL ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] sfd st{Jo tyf clwsf/M bkmf ^@ adf]lhd ul7t n]vfk/LIf0f
;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]vf, ah]6 tyf n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{ljlw, cfGtl/s
lgoGq0f Joj:yf pko'Qm eP gePsf] / ePdf ;f]sf] kfngf eP gePsf]
cg'udg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ug]{,
-v_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]vf / axLvftfsf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{,
u/fpg] / To:tf sfuhft k|rlnt sfg"g, /fi6 a}+ssf] lgodg tyf lgb]{zg
adf]lhd 7Ls;Fu tof/ eP gePsf] af/] osLg ug]{,
-u_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf nfu" ePsf] k|rlnt sfg"g k"0f{ ?kdf kfngf ePsf]
5 egL ljZj:t x'g a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg / ;~rfngsf]
lgoldt Joj:yfksLo tyf sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ u/fpg],
-3_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf nfu" x'g] P]g, lgod, ljlgod, gLlt, lgb]{zg adf]lhd
To:tf] sfd sf/afxL eP gePsf] cg'udg ug]{ / ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg ;ldlt
;dIf k]z ug]{,
-_
;ldltaf6 dfu ul/Psf] ljifodf /fo lbg] .
n]vfk/LIf0fM -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] kfFr dlxgfleq jf;nft,
gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fa / gub k|jfx ljj/0f nufotsf cGo ljQLo ljj/0f /fi6 a}+sn] lgwf{/0f
u/]sf] 9fFrf / tl/sf cg';f/ tof/ u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg' kg]{5 . To:tf] ljQLo ljj/0fdf
slDtdf b'O{hgf ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v / n]vfk/LIfssf] ;xL ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
46
^%=
^^=
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg g;Sg] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] dgfl;a sf/0f vf]nL n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] Dofb yksf] nflu cg'/f]w u/]df /fi6 a}+sn]
a9Ldf tLg dlxgfsf] cjlw yk ul/lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ n]vfk/LIfsn] cfk"mn] u/]sf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf / /fi6 a}+sdf lbg' kg]{5 .
n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQmM -!_ n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6
x'g]5 .
-@_ ;fwf/0f ;efn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ubf{ /fi6 a}+sn] :jLs[t
u/]sf] n]vfk/LIfssf] ;"rLdf /x]sf n]vfk/LIfsx? dWo]af6 ug'{ kg]{]5 .
t/ ;fwf/0f ;efn] Pp6} n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ nuftf/ tLg k6s eGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu
lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
-#_ /fi6 a}+sn] :jLs[t u/]sf] n]vfk/LIfssf] ;"rLdf ;dfj]z ePsf
n]vfk/LIfsdWo]af6 ;fwf/0f ;efn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ubf{ s, v
/ u ju{sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf rf6{8{ PsfpG6]06 / 3 ju{sf]
Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf rf6{8{ PsfpG6]06 jf btf{jfnf n]vfk/LIfsnfO{
lgo'lQm ug'{ kg]{]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm gu/]df jf ug{
g;s]df /fi6 a}+sn] n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ cfk\mgf] st{Jo kfngf gug]{ n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ /fi6 a}+sn] s'g} klg a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] Ps jif{b]lv tLg jif{;Dd n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ gkfpg] u/L n]vfk/LIfssf] ;"rLaf6
x6fpg ;Sg]5 .
t/ To:tf] sf/afxL ug'{ c3L ;'g'jfO{sf] dgfl;j dflkmssf] df}sf lbg' kg{]5 .
n]vfk/LIfsdf lgo'Qm x'g g;Sg]M -!_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s'g} klg JolQm jf To:tf] JolQm
;+:yfks jf lx:;]bf/ ePsf] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIfsdf
lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg] 5}gM
-s_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks, ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf lghsf]
kl/jf/sf] ;b:o,
-v_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf cfGtl/s n]vfkl/Ifs
-u_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf sd{rf/L;Fu ;fe]mbf/
eO{ sfd u/]sf] JolQm,
-3_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] C0fL, pNn]Vo :jfldTj jf pNn]Vo x}l;ot ePsf]
JolQm jf ;Da4 JolQm jf ljQLo :jfy{ ePsf] JolQm,
-_
g]kfn jf ljb]zdf bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf] JolQm,
-r_
;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Ps k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf]
JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf,
-5_
kmf}hbf/L ck/fwdf cbfntaf6 ;hfo kfO{ kfFr jif{sf] cjlw Joltt eO{
g;s]sf] JolQm,
-em_ /fi6 a}+sn] :jLs[t u/]sf] n]vfk/LIfssf] ;"rLdf ;fdfj]z gePsf] JolQm,
47
^&=
^*=
-`_
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm x'g cof]Uo /x]sf] JolQm .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIfsdf lgo'lQm ePsf] s'g} JolQmdf pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhdsf] s'g} cUof]tfsf cfwf/ kfO{Pdf To:tf] JolQmsf] lgo'lQm :jtM /2 ePsf] dflgg]5 .
ljj/0f lbg'kg]{M n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ qmddf n]vfk/LIfsn] dfu]sf] lx;fa lstfa, vftf axL, >]:tf
/ n]vf nufot ;f];Fu ;DalGwt cGo ljj/0f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] h'g;'s} avt k/LIf0f
ug{ lbg' kg]{5 . n]vfk/LIfsn] dfu]sf s'/fsf] oyfy{ hjfkm ;d]t To:tf] ljj/0f lbg] lhDd]jf/L
ePsf kbflwsf/Ln] t'?Gt} lbg' kg]{5 .
n]vfk/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M -!_ n]vfk/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo
adf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_
n]vf tyf ljQLo ljj/0fsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{,
-v_
cfkm"n] n]vfk/LIf0f u/]sf] n]vf, jf;nft tyf gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fa ;dfj]z
u/L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;ldltdf n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L k]z
ug]{,
-u_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfd sf/afxLdf clgoldttf ePsf] jf ;xL 9+un]
sfd x'g g;s]sf] / To:tf s'/fx?n] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL
k'ofpg]5 eGg] nfu]df ;ldltnfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg],
-3_
b]xfosf] cj:yf cfpg ;Sg] nfu]df /fi6 a}+snfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg]M
-!_
/fi6 a}+sn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Ohfhtkq lbFbf tf]s]sf zt{ jf
o; P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{zg cflbsf]
pNn+3g x'g],
-@_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgoldt sfd sf/afxLdf k|lts"n k|efj
kfg]{,
-#_
n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ n]vf k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug{af6 /f]Sg] jf unt n]vf
k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ nufpg] .
-@_ n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ cfkm\gf] st{Jo kfngfsf] l;nl;nfdf h'g;'s} avt a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] vftf, lx;fj lstfa, n]vf, ef}r/ nufot ;a} sfuhft / nutsf] lg/LIf0f
ug{] clwsf/ x'g]5 / n]vfk/LIfsn] cfkm\gf] sfd pko'Qm 9+uaf6 k"/f ug]{ tyf st{Jo kfngf
ug{] qmddf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/L;F+u lghn] cfjZos 7fg]sf]
hfgsf/L / :ki6Ls/0f dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ n]vfk/LIfsn] cfgf] k|ltj]bgdf b]xfosf s'/fx? :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_
dfu u/]sf s'/fsf] hjfkm k|fKt eP gePsf],
-v_
jf;nft, jf;nft jflx/sf] sf/f]af/, gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fa / gub
k|jfx ljj/0f nufotsf ljQLo ljj/0f /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrf /
tl/sf cg';f/ tof/ eP gePsf] / pQm ljj/0f a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] /fv]sf] lx;fa lstfa, axL vftf, >]:tf / n]vf;Fu b'?:t
/x] g/x]sf] ,
-u_
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lx;fa lstfa, vftf axL, >]:tf / n]vf
7Ls;Fu /fv] g/fv]sf],
48
-3_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} kbflwsf/Ln] k|rlnt sfg"g ljk/Lt s'g}

sfdsfh jf clgoldt sfo{ u/] gu/]sf] jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
xfgL gf]S;fgL eP gePsf],
-_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/ ;Gtf]ifk|b ?kaf6 ;~rfng eP
gePsf],
-r_
k"FhLsf]if tyf hf]lvd Joxf]g]{ sf]if kof{Kt dfqfdf eP gePsf],
-5_
shf{ ckn]vg ljlgod jf /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd shf{
ckn]vg u/] gu/]sf],
-h_
/fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zg cg'?k sfo{ u/] gu/]sf],
-em_ lgIf]kstf{ / nufgLstf{sf] lxt ;+/If0f x'g] sfo{ u/] gu/]sf],
-`_
ljljw hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf ;DaGwdf cfjZos hf]lvd Joj:yfkg
k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; u/] gu/]sf],
-6_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf sfof{nox?af6 k|fKt ljj/0f n]vfk/LIf0fsf]
nflu kof{Kt eP gePsf],
-7_
z]o/wgLnfO{ yfxf lbg'kg]{ lghsf] ljrf/df nfu]sf cGo s'/fx?,
-8_
n]vfk/LIfsn] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf v'nfpg' kg]{ egL /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]lslbPsf] cGo ljj/0f,
-9_
cGo k|rlnt sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] s'/fx?,
-0f_
cfjZos ;'emfj .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd tof/ kfl/Psf] n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg ;ldlt / /fi6 a}+s
;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg k|fKt u/]]kl5 /fi6 a}+sn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ b]xfosf sfd ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 M
-s_
n]vfk/LIf0fsf ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos 7fg]sf] cltl/Qm hfgsf/L k]z
ug{,
-v_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To;sf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf]
If]qnfO{ cem Jofks agfpg,
-u_
s'g} vf; ljifodf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbP adf]lhd jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{
l;kmf/L; u/] adf]lhd cGo hfF+r ug{ /
-3_
v08 -v_ tyf -u_ df plNnlvt s'g} klg s'/fsf] ;DjGwdf k|ltj]bg
a'emfpg .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ df plNnlvt s'/fx?sf cltl/Qm n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] jf;nft, gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fj / cGo ljQLo ljj/0fdf km/s kg]{ ePdf ;f] km/s
/sd ;d]t ;dfof]hg u/L csf]{ jf;nft, gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fj ;lxtsf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldlt / /fi6 a}+sdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ ;ldltn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg ;lxtsf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg
z]o/wgLx?sf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf k9]/ ;'gfpg' kg]{5 .
49
^(=
&)=
&!=
n]vfk/LIfssf] :yfg l/Qm ePdfM s'g} sf/0fn] n]vfk/LIfssf] :yfg l/Qm ePdf afFsL cjwLsf]
nflu csf]{ n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm ;ldltn] ug'{ kg]{5 .
n]vfk/LIfsn] k|dfl0ft ug{' kg]{M n]vfk/LIfsn] cfk"mn] k/LIf0f u/]sf] lx;fa lstfa, vftf axL,
>]:tf / n]vfdf cfk"mn] hfFr]sf] ldlt ;d]t pNn]v u/L b:tvt u/L lg:;f nufO{ k|dfl0ft
ug{' kg]{5 .
n]vfk/LIfssf] kfl/>ldsM a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIfssf] kfl/>lds /fi6 a}+sn] lgo'Qm
u/]sf]df /fi6 a}+sn], ;fwf/0f ;efn] lgo'Qm u/]sf]df ;f] ;efn] / ;ldltn] lgo'Qm u/]sf]df
;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
50
kl/R5]b(
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf Ps cfk;df ufEg], ufleg] jf k|fKt ug]{ ;DjGwL Joj:yf
&@=
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ufEg jf ufleg ;Sg]M -!_ o; P]g jf /fi6 a}+s P]g adf]lhd tf]lsPsf]
k|lqmof k"/f u/L Pp6f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf ufEg jf ufleg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fi6 a}+ssf] lg/LIf0f
;'kl/j]If0f k|ltj]bg jf cGo s'g} cWoogaf6 g]kfnsf] ljQLo k|0ffnL jf s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfdf b]xfosf s'g} cj:yf ePsf] kfOPdf ;f]sf] sf/0f vf]nL /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf jf ;f]sf] lglZrt ;Dklt, bfloTj jf Joj;fo csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
ufEg, jf ufleg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-s_ k'FhLsf]if ckof{Kt /x]sf] jf ljut tLg jif{b]lv ljQLo l:ylt vS;b} uPsf],
-v_ lgIf]kstf{sf] lxt tyf lgIf]kstf{ k|ltsf] bfloTjdf k|lts'n k|efj kg]{ sfo{ u/]sf]
jf To:tf] cj:yf ljBdfg /x]sf],
-u_ /fHosf] ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] :yfloTj, ljsf; / ;Da4{gsf] nflu /fli6o /
cGt/f{li6o :t/df k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtf clea[l4 ug{ cfjZos ePsf] .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ufEg cfb]z lbFbf To:tf]
cfb]zdf ;f]sf] k|lqmof ;d]t tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
&#=
ufEg jf ufleg lgj]bg lbg'kg]M{ -!_ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
ufEg jf ufleg rfx]df ufEg jf ufleg rfxg] b'O{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
cfcfgf] ;ldltaf6 lg0f{o u/L ;}4flGts ;xdltsf nflu b]xfosf s'/f v'nfO{ /fi6 a}+sdf
;+o'Qm ?kdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5M
-s_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ufEg', ufleg'sf] cfjZostf tyf cf}lrTo, ;f]af6
a}+ls tyf ljlQo If]q / ljQLo k|0ffnLdf kg]{ c;/sf] ;fdfGo k|If]k0f .
-v_
ufEg] jf ufleg] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] kl5Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f
ePsf] jf;nft, gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fa / gub k|jfx ljj/0f, g]6jy{
nufotsf] ljQLo ljj/0f ;lxtsf] n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg,
-u_
ufEg]] jf ufleg] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] shf{ lnPsf ;fx"x?sf] lxt ;'/Iffy{
ul/Psf] Joj:yf,
-3_
ufleg] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] rn crn ;DklQ / bfloTjsf] e'QmfgL cjlw
;lxtsf] oyfy{ ljj/0f,
-_
ufEg] jf ufleg] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yfkgsf] ljj/0f,
-r_
cGo k|rlnt sDkgL tyf lwtf]kq ;DaGwL sfg"g adf]lhdsf] :jLs[lt
k|lqmof,
-5_
;+:yfx?n] ufEg], ufleg] ;DaGwL u/]sf] k|f/lDes ;Demf}tf kq,
-h_
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf cGo s'/fx?
51
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt u/]sf] lgj]bg pk/ /fi6 a}+sn] hfFra'em ug]{5 /
To:tf] hfFra'emsf] l;nl;nfdf /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZostf cg';f/ lgj]bs;Fu 5nkmn ug{ / yk
sfuhft dfUg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] hfFra'emaf6 a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ufEbf, uflebf
/fi6sf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;, :jR5 k|lt:kwf{ tyf k|rlnt sfg"gsf] kfngfdf
s'g} klg lsl;dsf] gsf/fTds c;/ kg]{ 5}g eGg] s'/fdf /fi6 a}+s ;Gt'i6 ePdf ufEg],
ufleg] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg] ;}4flGts ;xdlt lbg ;Sg]5 / o;/L ;xdlt lb+bf yk zt{
tf]Sg jf lgb]{zg lbg ;d]t ;Sg]5 .
&$=
;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] d'Nofg ;DaGwL Joa:yf M -!_ bkmf &# adf]lhd a}s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
ufEg] jf ufleg] ;}4flGts ;xdlt k|fKt u/]kl5 To:tf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfcfkm\gf]
;DklQ, bfloTj tyf sf/f]jf/sf] d"Nofg ug{] slDtdf a}+ssf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ of]Uo /x]sf]
JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ cfk;L ;xdltdf d"Nofgstf{ lgo'lQm u/L ;f] sf] hfgsf/L
/fi6 a}+snfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] To:tf] d'Nof+sg /fi6 a}+sdf lgj]bg lbg' k"j{ g} ug{
;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgo'lQm ePsf] d"Nofgstf{sf] sfd sf/jfxL, ljZj;gLo
gnfu]df /fi6 a}+sn] lghnfO{ x6fO{ csf]{ d"Nofgstf{sf] lgo'lQm ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ d'Nofgstf{sf] ;]jf, ;'lawf ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lgwf{/0f ug{]5g\ .
-$_ d'Nofgstf{n] ;DklQ, bfloTj, g]6jy{ tyf ;du| sf/f]jf/sf] d'Nofg ubf{ ;f]
;DaGwdf :yflkt dfGotf, cfwf/, / ljlw adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 . /fi6 a}+sn] d'NofFsg ug{] ljlw,
d'NofFsgsf cfwf/ / If]qsf ;DaGwdf cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
&%=
;Demf}tf ;DaGwL Joa:yfM o; P]g adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] cfb]z lbPsf]df afx]s ufEg, ufleg
;}4flGts ;xdlt kfPsf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ufEg] ufleg] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf s'/fx? v'nfO{
;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ lgIf]kstf{, ;fx" tyf z]o/wgLx?sf] lxt ;+/If0f ;DaGwL Joa:yf,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] d"Nofg k4lt / ldnfg
;DaGwL Joa:yf,
-u_ nufgL tyf sf/f]af/sf] Joa:yfkg, cGt/;+:yf :jfldTj tyf cGt/;+:yf
n]gb]g ljj/0f, hdfgt jf k|Tofe"ltsf] ljj/0f, u}/ a}+ls sf/f]jf/sf]
Joj:yfkg, ;Dklt / bfloTjsf] plrt Joa:yfkgsf] Joj:yf,
-3_ ufEg], ufleg] k|lqmof, nfUg] ;do / nfutsf] ljj/0f,
-_ ;~rfng tyf Joa:yfkg ;+/rgf / ;~rfnssf] gfdfjnL,
-r_ ufEg, ufleg ;}4flGts ;xdlt k|fKt ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] tx ldnfg, ;]jf
;'ljwfsf] ldnfg ug{] Joj:yf,
-5_ pNn]Vo :jfldTj ePsf z]o/wgL tyf cGo z]o/wgLx?sf] ljj/0f,
-h_ gofF a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ?kdf ufEg], ufleg] jf k|flKt ug]{ eP ;f] ;+:yfsf]
gfd, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL, k"FhL ;+/rgf, k'g;{+/rgf tyf ju{,
-em_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf ;DalGwt lgodgsf/L lgsfosf] ;xdlt
kq,
-`_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf g]kfndf /x]sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
52
Joj;fo k|flKt ug{] jf To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{ Joj;fo g]kfndf
laqmL ug{] eP ;f] s'/f,
-6_ ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] u'gf;f]] Joj:yfkg k4lt,
-7_ k|rlnt sfg"g / ;f]sf] kfngf ug{ rflng] k|s[of,
-8_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo cfjZos ljj/0f .
&^= :jLs[lt ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ ufEg], ufleg] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg k|f/lDes cg'dlt kfPsf a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfcfgf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ;f] ;DaGwL ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L clGtd
:jLs[ltsf] lgldQ bkmf &* adf]lhdsf] ;Demf}tf tyf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf cGo s'/f ;dfj]z u/L
;+o'Qm ?kdf /fi6 a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg pk/ cfjZos hfFra'em ubf{ /fi6 a}+sn] yk
hfgsf/L jf sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] hfFra'emaf6 a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ufEbf ufle+bf
ljQLo If]qdf :j:y k|lt:kwf{sf] jftfj/0f, s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Psflwsf/ jf lgolGqt
cEof; sfod x'g;Sg], g;Sg] tyf ;du| a}lu tyf ljQLo ;+/rgf, ljQLo ahf/ tyf
artstf{x?nfO{ uDeL/ c;/ kg]{ ;DefjgfnfO{ ljrf/ u/L /fi6 a}+sn] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{ Ps cfk;df ufEg, ufleg clGtd :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 . clGtd :jLs[lt lbFbf /fi6
a}+sn] ufEg] ufleg] ;DaGwdf k]z ePsf] ljj/0fdf cfjZos kl/jt{g, x]/km]/, k'glj{rf/ ug{
u/fpg nufO{ jf s'g} zt{ tyf ;Ldf ;d]t tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] :jLs[lt lbg g;lsg] b]v]df /fi6 a}+sn] sf/0f v'nfO{
;f]sf] hfgsf/L tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lbg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd :jLs[lt k|fKt ;+:yfx?nfO{ uflePs} sf/0fn] o; P]gdf
pNn]v ePsf / /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf lgb{]zgx? k'/f ug{ sl7gfO ePdf cfjZostf /
cf}lrTosf] cfwf/df /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lsP adf]lhd 5'6 lbg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ ufEg], ufleg] ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
&&=
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf k|flKt -PlSjlh;g_ ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ o; P]g jf /fi6 a}+s P]g
adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L Pp6f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
k|flKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fi6 a}+ssf] lg/LIf0f
;'kl/j]If0f k|ltj]bg jf cGo s'g} cWoogaf6 g]kfnsf] ljQLo k|0ffnL jf s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfdf b]xfosf s'g} cj:yf ePsf] kfOPdf ;f]sf] sf/0f vf]nL /fi6 a}+sn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg jf ;'emfj lbO{ ;+:yf k|fKt ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 M
-s_
Ps} ;d"xsf JolQm, kmd{, sDkgLsf Ps eGbf a9L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfx?
;~rfngdf /xL c:j:y ljQLo ;DaGw sfod /x]sf],
-v_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx? oyfl:yltdf ;~rfng u/fpFbf To;sf] gsf/fTds
k|efjn] lgIf]kstf{, ;j{;fwf/0f z]o/wgL, cGo ;]jfu|fxLsf] xs lxt ;+/If0f
x'g g;Sg] b]lvPsf],
-u_
k|0ffnLut hf]lvd a9\b} uO{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?n] bfloTj e'QmfgL ug{
;Ifd g/x]sf],
-3_
lgwf{l/t ;dodf ;j{;fwf/0f ;d"xdf z]o/ lgisf;g gu/]sf], lgisfl;t z]o/
ljqmL ljt/0f gePsf] jf tf]lsPsf] Go'gtd ;dfg'kflts r'Qmf k'FhL
gk'ofPsf],
53
-_
tLg k6s jf ;f] eGbf a9L zL3| ;'wf/fTds sf/jfxLdf k/]sf] jf

Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldltdf af/Daf/ ljjfb pTkGg eO{
;'zf;gsf] cj:yf sdhf]/ ePsf] /fi6 a}+snfO{ nfu]sf] .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf k|flKt ;DaGwL cfb]z lbFbf
To:tf] cfb]zdf ;f]sf] k|lqmof ;d]t tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
&*=
k|flKt ug{ lgj]bg lbg'kg]{M -!_ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf k|fKt ug{
rfx]df ;DalGwt b'O{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfcfgf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf]
ljz]if k|:tfj adf]lhd cfcfgf] ;ldltaf6 lg0f{o u/L ;}4flGts ;xdltsf nflu b]xfosf
s'/f v'nfO{ /fi6 a}+sdf ;+o'Qm ?kdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5M
-s_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf k|flKtsf] cfjZostf tyf cf}lrTo, ;f]af6 a}+ls tyf
ljQLo If]q / ljQLo k|0ffnLdf kg]{ c;/sf] ;fdfGo k|If]k0f .
-v_
d"n ;+:yf tyf nlIft ;+:yfsf] kl5Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf]
jf;nft, gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fa / gub k|jfx ljj/0f, g]6jy{ nufotsf]
ljQLo ljj/0f ;lxtsf] n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg,
-u_
d"n ;+:yf tyf nlIft ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yfkgsf] ljj/0f,
-3_
cGo k|rlnt sDkgL tyf lwtf]kq ;DaGwL sfg"g adf]lhdsf] :jLs[lt
k|lqmof,
-_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf k|flKt ;DaGwL u/]sf] k|f/lDes ;Demf}tf kq,
-r_
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf cGo s'/fx?
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt u/]sf] lgj]bg pk/ /fi6 a}+sn] hfFra'em ug]{5 /
To:tf] hfFra'emsf] l;nl;nfdf /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZostf cg';f/ lgj]bs;Fu 5nkmn ug{ / yk
sfuhft dfUg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] hfFra'emaf6 a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf k|fKt ubf{
d'n'ssf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;, :jR5 k|lt:kwf{ tyf k|rlnt sfg"gsf] kfngfdf
s'g} klg lsl;dsf] gsf/fTds c;/ kg]{ 5}g eGg] s'/fdf /fi6 a}+s ;Gt'i6 ePdf k|flKt
;DaGwL k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg] ;}4flGts ;xdlt lbg ;Sg]5 / o;/L ;xdlt lb+bf yk zt{
tf]Sg jf lgb]{zg lbg ;d]t ;Sg]5 .
&(=
;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] d"Nofg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ nlIft ;+:yfn] cfgf] ;DklQ / bfloTj
tyf sf/f]jf/sf] kl5Nnf] d"Nofg ug{ cfgf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 lg0f{o u/L lgo'Qm ul/Psf] jf
;fwf/0f ;efn] clVtof/L lbP adf]lhd ;~rfns ;ldltn] lgo'Qm u/]sf] n]vfk/LIfsaf6
;DklQ / bfloTj tyf sf/f]jf/sf] kl5Nnf] cjlwsf] d"Nofg u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ k|fKt ug{] ;+:yfn] nlIft ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] lj:t[t d"Nofg u/fpg
;Sg]5 .
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgo'lQm ePsf] d"Nofgstf{sf] sfd sf/jfxL, ljZj;gLo
gnfu]df /fi6 a}+sn] lghnfO{ x6fO{ csf]{ d"Nofgstf{sf] lgo'lQm ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ d"Nofgstf{n] ;DklQ, bfloTj, g]6jy{ tyf ;du| sf/f]jf/sf] d"Nofg ubf{ ;f]
;DaGwdf :yflkt dfGotf, cfwf/ / ljlw adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 . /fi6 a}+sn] d"NofFsg ug{] ljlw,
d"NofFsgsf cfwf/ / If]qsf ;DaGwdf cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
54
*)=
;Demf}tf ;DaGwL Joj:yfM o; P]g adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] cfb]z lbPsf]df afx]s k|flKt ug]{
;}4flGts ;xdlt kfPsf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;f] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf s'/fx? v'nfO{ ;Demf}tf
ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ lgIf]kstf{, ;fx" tyf z]o/wgLx?sf] lxt ;+/If0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] d"Nofg k4lt / ldnfg
;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-u_ nufgL tyf sf/f]af/sf] Joj:yfkg, cGt/;+:yf :jfldTj tyf cGt/;+:yf
n]gb]g ljj/0f, hdfgt jf k|Tofe"ltsf] ljj/0f, u}/ a}+ls sf/f]jf/sf]
Joj:yfkg, ;Dklt / bfloTjsf] plrt Joj:yfkgsf] Joj:yf,
-3_ k|fKt ubf{ nfUg] ;do / nfutsf] ljj/0f,
-_ d"n ;+:yf / nlIft ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] tx ldnfg, ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] ldnfg
ug{] Joj:yf,
-r_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf ;DalGwt lgodgsf/L lgsfosf] ;xdlt
kq,
-5_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf g]kfndf /x]sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
Joj;fo k|flKt ug{] jf To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{ Joj;fo g]kfndf
laqmL ug{] eP ;f] s'/f,
-h_ ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] u'gf;f]] Joj:yfkg k4lt,
-em_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo cfjZos ljj/0f .
*!= clGtd :jLs[lt ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ k|fKt ug{] sfo{sf nflu cfjZos k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg
;}4flGts ;xdlt kfPsf] d"n ;+:yfn] nlIft ;+:yfsf] ljz]if jf ;fwf/0f ;efsf] k|fKt ug{]
;DaGwL :jLs[t k|:tfj ;lxt clGtd :jLs[ltsf] lgldQ /fi6 a}+sdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg pk/ cfjZos hfFra'em ubf{ /fi6 a}+sn] yk
hfgsf/L jf sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] hfFra'emaf6 a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf k|flKt ubf{
d'n'ssf] ljQLo If]qdf :j:y k|lt:kwf{sf] jftfj/0f, s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Psflwsf/ jf
lgolGqt cEof; sfod x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf nufot ;du| a}lu tyf ljQLo ;+/rgf, ljQLo
ahf/ tyf jrtstf{x?nfO{ uDeL/ c;/ kg]{ ;DefjgfnfO{ ljrf/ u/L /fi6 a}+sn] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf k|flKt ug{] ;DaGwL clGtd :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 . clGtd :jLs[lt lbFbf /fi6 a}+sn]
;f] ;DaGwdf k]z ePsf] ljj/0fdf cfjZos kl/jt{g, x]/km]/, k'glj{rf/ ug{ u/fpg nufO{ jf
s'g} zt{ tyf ;Ldf ;d]t tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] :jLs[lt lbg g;lsg] b]v]df /fi6 a}+sn] sf/0f v'nfO{
;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lbg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd :jLs[lt k|fKt ;+:yfx?nfO{ k|flKt u/]s} sf/0fn] /fi6 a}+sn]
hf/L u/]sf lgb{]zgx? k"/f ug{ sl7gfO ePdf cfjZostf / cf}lrTosf] cfwf/df /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]lsP adf]lhd 5'6 lbg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ k|flKt ug{] ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
55
*@=
*#=
*$=
sfg"g ljkl/t z]o/ k|fKt u/]df /f]s nufpg]M -!_ s'g} klg JolQmn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
z]o/ k|fKt ubf{ clgoldttf u/]sf] /fi6 a}+sn] yfxf kfPdf /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] z]o/sf] s'g} klg
k|sf/n] x:tfGt/0f ug{, laqmL ug{, ;f] z]o/sf] dtflwsf/ tyf cGo clwsf/ dfly /f]s
nufpg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cfb]z ePdf To:tf] z]o/sf] :jfldTj ePsf] JolQmn] ;f]
z]o/ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] Dofbleq /fi6 a}+s ;dIf ;dk{0f ug'{' kg]{5 / ;f] z]o/ ljs|L ug{
/fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
sf/f]jf/ k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]M /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[tL lnO{ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} klg
zfvf, sfof{no jf ;f]sf] s'g} klg ;DklQ tyf sf/f]jf/ csf]{ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
cfk;L ;xdltdf k|fKt jf x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o; P]g adf]lhd ufEg], ufleg], k|fKt jf
x:tfGt/0f ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ;f]sf kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf u/]sf] s'g} Joj:yf jf
;Demf}tfdf lrQ ga'em\g] kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Ln] ;f] eP u/]sf] ldltn] k}+lt; lbgleq /fi6
a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df /fi6 a}+sn] lgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn] k}lt;
lbgleq lg0f{o u/L ;f] sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt lgj]bsnfO{ / a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 .
56
kl/R5]b!)
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] :j]lR5s vf/]hL
*%=
*^=
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] :j]lR5s vf/]hLM -!_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] :jlR5s vf/]hLsf
;DaGwdf o; P]gdf n]lvP hlt s'/fx?sf ;DaGwdf o;} P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ :j]lR5s vf/]hLdf hfg rfxg] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;f]sf] nflu :j]lR5s
vf/]hL] sfo{of]hgf ;lxtsf] lgj]bg /fi6 a}+s ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf] lgj]bg pk/ hfFra'em ubf{ b]xfosf
cj:yfx? ljBdfg ePsf] s'/fdf /fi6 a}+s ljZj:t ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf :j]lR5s vf/]hL ug{ s'g} zt{ tf]sL jf gtf]sL k|f/lDes ;xdlt lbg ;Sg]5M
-s_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgIf]kstf{ tyf ;fx"x? k|ltsf] ;Dk"0f{ bfloTj
cljnDa axg ug{ cfly{s ?kdf ;Ifd /x]sf] ljifodf ;DklQ tyf bfloTj
d"NofFsg k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v eO{ cfPsf],
-v_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf z]o/wgLx?sf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf dtbfgdf efu lng
kfpg] z]o/wgLx? dWo] krxQ/ k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/sf] k|ltlglwTj
ug]{ z]o/wgLx?n] ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/]sf],
-u_
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] z]o/ :jfldTjdf /x]sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL eP
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt k|fKt ePsf],
-3_
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] g]kfnl:yt zfvf jf sfof{nosf] vf/]hLsf
nflu d'Vo ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] :jLs[lt lbPsf],
-_
cl3Nnf] cfly{s aif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] tyf rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] lgj]bg
k]z u/]sf] clwNnf] lbg ;Ddsf] jf;nft, gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fa ;d]tsf] k"0f{
n]vf ljj/0f k]z ePsf],
-r_ :j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] sf/0fn] g]kfnsf] a}lu tyf ljQLo k|0ffnL, ljQLo ;+/rgf,
ljQLo ahf/ tyf artstf{x?nfO{ uDeL/ gsf/fTds c;/ kg]{ gb]lvPsf],
-5_ afWofTds vf/]hLdf gk/]sf] jf kg]{ ;Defjgf gePsf],
-h_ s'g} unt dg;fo jf jblgot gb]lvPsf], /
-em_ /fi6 a}+sn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf cGo zt{ tyf cfwf/ k"/f u/]sf] .
:j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] ;"rgfM bkmf *% adf]lhd /fi6 a}+saf6 k|f/lDes ;xdlt kfpg] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;f] ;DaGwdf b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_
k|f/lDes ;xdlt k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq sDkgL /lh:6f/sf]
sfof{nodf ;f]sf] hfgsf/L btf{ u/fpg],
-v_
k|f/lDes ;xdlt k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq ;Dk"0f{ lgIf]kstf{, ;fx" jf
;DalGwt JolQmx ;a}nfO{ l56f], 5l/tf]] / ljZj;gLo dfWodaf6 ;f]sf]
;"rgf k7fpg],
-u_
k|f/lDes ;xdlt k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq /fli6o:t/df k|sfzg x'g]
b}lgs klqsfdf ;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{,
-3_
cfkm\gf] sf/f]af/ x'g] d'Vo :yfg tyf ;f]sf] k|To]s sfof{nodf ;a}n] b]Vg
;Sg] 7fpFdf To:tf] ;"rgf 6fF; ug]{,
-_
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf cGo sfo{ ug]{ .
57
*&=
**=
*(=
:j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] k|f/DeM -!_ bkmf *% adf]lhd :j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] k|f/lDes ;xdlt kfpg]
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+saf6 :j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] clGtd :jLs[lt lng' cl3 b]xfosf
sfo{x? k"/f ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_
;Dk"0f{ lgIf]k tyf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo bfloTj tf]lsPsf] ;doleq lkmtf{
jf k"/f ug]{,
-v_
sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng ug{ aGb ug]{ / s'g} gofF sf/f]jf/ gug]{,
-u_
:j]lR5s vf/]hL ug{ cTofjZos x'g] jfx]s cGo clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ /f]Sg] .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfd sf/jfxL ug]{ l;nl;nfdf /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos
lgb]{zg hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] /sd tyf cGo bfloTj e'QmfgL kfpg]
JolQmn] tf]lsPsf] ;do leq e'QmfgL lng gcfPdf pQm /sd /fi6 a}+sn] lgb]{zg
lbPadf]lhdsf] vftfdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ :j]lR5s vf/]hLdf uPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] jf
lnPsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQ jf sfg"g adf]lhd bfjL ul/Psf] ;DklQ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cjlwleq
;DalGwt ;DklQ wgLnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ :j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] nflu lbPsf] :jLs[ltsf] sf/0fn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf
lgIf]kstf{ / cGo ;fx"x?sf] xs lxtnfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dsf] k|lts"n k|efj kfg]{ 5}g .
-^_ :j]lR5s vf/]hLdf uPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] o; P]g adf]lhdsf] sfd
sf/afxL ;dfKt ePkl5 To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;f]sf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg /fi6 a}+sdf
k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] sfo{ k"/f ug]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ /fi6 a}+sn] s'g} zt{
tf]sL jf gtf]sL] :j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] clGtd :jLs[lt lbPkl5 ;f]sf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]jf/
ug]{ Ohfhtkq /2 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ :j]lR5s vf/]hLdf uPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] tTsfn bfjLdf gcfPsf] lgIf]k
jfkt ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ /sd /fi6 a}+sn] lgb]{zg lbP adf]lhd 5'\ofO{ /fVg' kg]{5 .
-(_ :j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] k|f/De /fi6 a}+sn] :j]lR5s vf/]hL ug{ :jLs[lt lbPsf]
ldltb]lv z'? ePsf] dflgg]]5 .
k|rlnt sDkgL sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]M -!_ bkmf *& adf]lhdsf] sfd sf/jfxL ;DkGg u/L a}+ls
tyf ljQLo sf/f]jf/ Ohfhtkq /2 ePsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL ;DaGwL cGo sfd
sf/afxL k|rlnt sDkgL sfg"g adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ sDkgL /lh:6f/sf] sfof{non] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhdsf] :j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] ;"rgf
k|fKt u/]kl5 ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DalGwt btf{ lstfadf ;f]xL adf]lhdsf]
Joxf]/f hgfpg' kg]{5 .
bfloTjdf c;/ gkg]{M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf vf/]h ePsf] sf/0faf6
o; P]g jf cGo k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} z]o/wgL,
;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf cGo JolQmsf] bfloTjdf s'g} c;/ kg]{
5}g .
58
kl/R5]b!!
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jfWofTds vf/]hL tyf km/kmf/s ;DaGwL Aoj:yf
()=
(!=
(@=
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jfWofTds vf/]hLM -!_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] vf/]hLsf ;DaGwdf
o; P]gdf n]lvP hlt s'/fx?sf ;DaGwdf o;} P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ b]xfosf] s'g} JolQmn] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd jfWofTds vf/]hLdf
kg{ ;Sg] s'g} cj:yf ljBdfg ePsf] kfPdf vf/]hLsf] nflu cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg lbg
;Sg]5M
-s_
e'QmfgL of]Uo lgIf]k /sd e'QmfgL dfu ubf{ To:tf] e'QmfgL gkfpg]
lgIf]kstf{,
-v_
k|rlnt bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL sfg"g adf]lhd jfWofTds vf/]hLsf] nflu lgj]bg
lbg ;Ifd JolQm,
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k/]sf] lgj]bg pk/ cbfntn] /fi6 a}+ssf] /fo dfu ug{
;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt ljgf
s'g} klg a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] jfWofTds vf/]hLsf] nflu cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg lbg
;Sg] 5}g .
afWofTds vf/]hL x'g ;Sg] cj:yfM b]xfosf] s'g} Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L cj:yf s'g} a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfdf ljBdfg ePdf To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hL x'g ;Sg]5M
-s_
e'QmfgL cjlw k"/f ePsf] jf tTsfn e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{ lgIf]k jf cGo cfly{s
bfloTj lgwf{l/t ;dodf e'QmfgL ug{ g;sL afFsL /x]df,
-v_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k"FhLsf]if /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb]{zg cg's"n gePdf jf
C0ffTds ePdf,
-u_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ljQLo l:ylt cWoog ug{ /fi6 a}+sn] lgo'lQm u/]sf]
ljz]if1n] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf vf/]hLsf] nflu l;kmfl/; u/L ;f]
s'/fdf /fi6 a}+s ;Gt'i6 ePdf,
-3_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns, pNn]Vo :jfldTj ePsf z]o/wgL jf
kbflwsf/Laf6 lgIf]kstf{sf] xs lxt tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;df
af/Daf/ cj/f]w k'Ug] sfd sf/afxL u/]sf] kfOPdf,
-_
o; P]g tyf /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] af/Daf/ pNn+3g u/]sf] kfOPdf,
-r_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hL x'g] egL /fi6 a}+sn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf
cGo cj:yf kfOPdf .
/fi6 a}+sn] vf/]hLsf] nflu cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]M -!_ /fi6 a}+sn] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd
s'g} klg a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hLsf] sf/jfxL z'? ug{ cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg
;Sg]5 / To:tf] sf/jfxLsf] lgj]bgsf] ;"rgf /fli6o :t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf k|sfzg ug'{
kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] vf/]hLsf] sf/jfxL k|f/De ug{
lbOPsf] lgj]bgdf /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfosf sfuhkq ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5M
59
-s_
(#=
($=
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jfWofTds vf/]hL ug'{ kg]{ bkmf (! adf]lhdsf] sf/0f
;lxtsf] ljj/0f,
-v_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cfly{s ljj/0fsf] k|ltlnlk .
jfWofTds vf/]hLsf] cfb]zM -!_ bkmf () jf (@ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg cbfnt ;dIf k|fKt x'g
cfPdf ;f] pk/ cbfntn] ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ b]xfosf] cj:yf b]lvPdf cbfntn] To:tf] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jfWofTds vf/]hLsf] sfd sf/jfxL k|f/De ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5M
-s_
bkmf ($ adf]lhdsf] s'g} cfwf/,
-v_
bkmf (% sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] sfuhft,
-u_
/fi6 a}+sn] jfWofTds vf/]hL ug{ u/]sf] cfwf/ / sf/0f ;lxtsf] l;kmfl/; .
-@_ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jfWofTds vf/]hL ug{ cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg u/]df
To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfng jf k'g;{+/rgf x'g] gx'g] ;DaGwdf hfFra'em ug{' kg]{
5}g .
:jtM :yug x'g]M -!_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg cbfntn] s'g} a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;DaGwdf bkmf (# adf]lhd afWofTds vf/]hLsf] sf/afxL k|f/De ug{]
cfb]z lbPsf]]df cbfntsf] cg'dlt lagf b]xfodf plNnlvt s'g} sfd sf/f]af/ x'g ;Sg]
5}g / sf/f]af/ eO/x]sf t/ k"/f eOg;s]sf] eP To:tf sf/afxLx? :jtM :yug x'g]5g\M
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ x:tfGt/0f, a]rlavg jf z]o/wgLsf] x}l;ot
kl/jt{g ug]{,
-v_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} klg hfoh]yf x:tfGt/0f, a]rlavg ug]{ jf

s'g} lsl;dn] lwtf] jf aGws /fVg],
-u_
s'g} k}m;nf jf cfb]z cg';f/ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} hfoh]yf

hfohft ug]{ jf lwtf]sf] ;DklQ rng rnfpg],
-3_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] kf -lnh_ df lnPsf] s'g} ;DklQ kf lbg] JolQmn]

lkmtf{ lng] jf tT;DaGwdf s'g} sfg"gL sf/afxL ug]{,
-_
cbfntn] afWofTds vf/]hLsf] sf/afxL k|f/De ug{] cfb]z lbFbfsf avt

e'QmfgL ug{ afFsL /x]sf] jf e'QmfgL of]Uo ePsf] C0f e'QmfgL ug{ jf
;f]afkt ;'/If0f lbg], /
-r_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf]ifsf] /sd x:tfGt/0f ug]{ jf lkmtf{ n}hfg] .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} sf/f]af/ :jtM :yug ePsf] sf/0fn] s'g} JolQmn]
cfk"mnfO{ Iflt k'Ug uPsf] sf/0f b]vfO{ cbfntdf lgj]bg lbPdf lgj]bssf] Joxf]/f
dgfl;a ePsf] / To;af6 a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To;sf ;fx"x?sf] lxtdf k|lts"n
c;/ gkg]{ b]lvPdf To:tf] s'g} sf/f]af/ ug{ cbfntn] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
60
(%=
(^=
lnlSj8]6/sf] lgo'lQmM -!_ cbfntn] bkmf (# adf]lhd s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jfWofTds
vf/]hLdf n}hfg] sfd sf/jfxL k|f/De ug{ cfb]z u/]df To:tf] sfd sf/afxL ;DkGg ug{
lnlSj8]6/sf]] lgo'lQmsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug{ /fi6 a}+snfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cbfntn] cfb]z lbPsf]df /fi6 a}+sn] slDtdf tLg
JolQmnfO{ lnlSj8]6/df lgo'lQmsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd l;kmfl/; ul/Psf tLg JolQmdWo] s'g} Ps JolQmnfO{
cbfntn] lnlSj8]6/sf] ?kdf lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] cbfnt ;dIf lnlSj8]6/sf] l;kmfl/; ubf{
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd bfdf;fxL Joj;foLsf] sfo{ ug{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt JolQm dWo]af6 a}+lu
tyf ljQLo If]qsf] cg'ej ePsf] JolQm l;kmfl/; ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lnlSj8]6/ lgo'lQm ePkl5 To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;ldlt :jtM lj36g ePsf] dflgg]5 / lnlSj8]6/n] cGoyf cfb]z lbPsf]df afx]s To:tf] a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lgo'Qm u/]sf ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;]jf :jtM cGTo x'g]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lgo'lQm ePsf] lnlSj8]6/n] /fhLgfdf lbPdf, lghsf] d[To'
ePdf jf lgh tf]lsPsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ c;Ifd ePsf] s'/f /fi6 a}+snfO{ nfu]df /fi6
a}+sn] lghnfO{ x6fO{ csf]{ lnlSj86/ lgo'lQm u/L kfpg o; bkmf adf]lhd cbfnt ;dIf
lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ lnlSj8]6/sf] kfl/>lds tyf ;]jf ;'ljwf /fi6 a}+ssf] l;kmfl/;df cbfntn]
lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5
lnlSj8]6/sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M -!_ /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL lnlSj8]6/sf]
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfof{no, vftf axL, n]vf, clen]v tyf hfoh]yfsf]
-s_
lhDdf lng],
-v_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{,
-u_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 / ;f]sf] gfddf ug'{kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ sfd / lnvt
jf sfuhft ug]{ u/fpg],
-3_
cfgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf ;xof]u k'ofpgsf nflu sd{rf/L lgo'Qm ug]{,
-_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfng, Joj:yfkg tyf vf/]hLsf] sfd sf/jfxL

ug{ cfjZos vr{ ug{],
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/wgL, ;fwf/0f ;ef, ;ldlt tyf kbflwsf/Ln]
k|of]u ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ k|of]u ug{],
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{ jf cf+lzs ;DklQ tyf bfloTj /fi6 a}+ssf]
:jLs[lt lnO{ csf]{ a}s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf ufEg] jf x:tfGt/0f ug{{],
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj;fo / ljQLo cj:yfsf] hfFra'em ug]{,
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] hfoh]yf ;'/If0f /fvL C0f k|fKt ug]{,
-r_
-5_
-h_
-em_
61
-`_
s'g} ;DklQ a]rlavg ubf{ jf s'g} s/f/ jf bfloTj cGTo ubf{ a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{ kmfObf x'G5 eGg] lnlSj8]6/nfO{ nfu]df To:tf] ;DklQ a]rlavg
ug]{ jf To:tf] s/f/ jf bfloTjsf] cGTo ug]{,
-6_
cfjZostf cg';f/ cfkm\gf] sfddf ;xof]u k'ofpg Jofj;flos tyf of]Uo

JolQmsf] ;]jf lng],
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]] s'g} ;fx" jf C0fL;Fu cfjZos 5nkmn / ldnfkq
ug]{,
-7_
-8_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] hfoh]yf ;ng ug]{, ;+/If0f ug]{, laqmL ug]{ / o;
P]gadf]lhd ljt/0f ug]{,
-9_
;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf s'g} JolQmn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf

lgIf]kstf{ jf ;fx"x?nfO{ hfn;fhL, 7uL jf e'mSofpg] sfo{ u/] gu/]sf]
af/]df hfFra'em ug]{ / To:tf JolQmsf] lj?df cfjZos sfg"gL sf/afxL
rnfpg] jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 s'g} d'2f jf s'g} sfg"gL sf/afxL
rnfpg] jf To;sf] k|lt/Iff ug]{,
-0f_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf vf/]h ug{ cfjZos cGo ;a} sfd sf/afxL ug]{,
u/fpg],
-t_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} ;DklQ s;}n] k|of]u u/]sf] eP ;f] lkmtf{ lng] jf
To:tf] ;DklQ jf ab/ ePsf] sf/f]af/af6 /sd lkmtf{ lng sfg"gL sf/afxL
rnfpg],
-y_
k|To]s tLg dlxgfdf /fi6 a}+sn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 9fFrfdf vf/]hLsf ;DaGwdf
ePsf] sfd sf/afxLsf] k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L cbfnt / /fi6 a}+sdf k]z ug]{,
-b_
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf cGo sfo{ ug]{ .
-@_ lnlSj8]6/n] o; kl/R5]badf]lhd s'g} clwsf/ k|of]u ubf{ jf st{Jo kfngf ubf{
afwf c8\sfp k/]df ;f]sf] k'ms'jfsf] nflu lghn] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 / To;/L
lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf cbfntn] dgfl;a 7xofPdf afwf c8\sfp k'msfO{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
(&=
;"rgf k|sfzgM -!_ cbfntn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hLsf] sfd sf/jfxL
k|f/De ug]{ cfb]z lbO{ lnlSj8]6/ lgo'lQm u/]df lnlSj8]6/n] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfd sf/afxL
ug{' kg]{5M
-s_
lgo'lQm ePsf] kGw| lbg leq a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf z]o/wgLx? tyf
;DalGwt JolQmx?sf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu g]kfnsf] /fli6o :t/sf] s'g} g]kfnL /
c+u|]hL efiffsf] b}lgs klqsfdf k|sfzg ug]{,
-v_
lgo'lQm ePsf] kGw| lbg leq jfWofTds vf/]hL ;DjGwL cfb]zsf] k|dfl0ft
k|lt ;+nUg u/L hfgsf/Lsf] nflu sDkgL /lhi6f/sf] sfof{Nfodf k7fpg],
-u_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/ x'g] d'Vo :yfg tyf ;f]sf] k|To]s sfof{nodf
;a}n] b]Vg] 7fpFdf To:tf] cfb]zsf] ;"rgf 6fF; ug]{ u/fpg],
62
-3_
(*=
((=
lgo'lQm ePkl5 k|To]s ;ftf slDtdf Psk6ssf b/n] rf/ ;ftf;Dd

/fli6o:t/df k|zf/0f x'g] Ps 6]lnlehg tyf Ps /]l8of]df ;f] sf] ;"rgf
k|;f/0f ug]{,
-_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf cGo sfo{ ug]{ .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|fKt u/]kl5 sDkgL /lhi6f/n]
To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu ;DalGwt btf{ lstfadf jfWofTds vf/]hLsf] sfo{ k|f/De ug]{
cfb]z ePsf] Joxf]/f hgfpg' kg]{5 .
vf/]hL k|lqmofdf z]o/wgLx?sf] k|ltlglwM cbfntn] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jfWofTds
vf/]hLsf] sfd sf/jfxL k|f/De ug{ cfb]z lbPdf b]xfosf] s'g} JolQmn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
z]o/wgLsf] k|ltlglwsf] x}l;otn] sfo{ ug{ ;Sg]5M
-s_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ax'dt z]o/wgLx?n] tf]s]sf] k|ltlglw,
-v_
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nufgL /x]sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/
jf ;f]sf] k|ltlglw / cGo z]o/wgLx?sf] nufgL /x]sf]df v08 -s_ adf]lhd
lgo'Qm k|ltlglw,
-u_
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf ;f]sf] zfvfsf] xsdf To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf lghsf] k|ltlglw .
vf/]hL ;DaGwL cfb]zsf] k|efjM -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hL ;DaGwL sfd
sf/jfxL cbfntn] cfb]z lbPsf]] ldltb]lv k|f/De ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-@_ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hL ;DaGwL sfd sf/afxL k|f/De ug{
cbfntn] cfb]z u/]sf]df To:tf] cfb]zaf6 b]xfosf laifodf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} bfjL jf clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf s'g} xbDofb
;dfKt ePsf]df To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL ;DaGwL sf/jfxL
k|f/De ug{ cbfntaf6 cfb]z ePsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgf;Dd To:tf] bfjL jf
clwsf/sf] xb Dofb :jtM lj:tf/ x'g]5 .
-v_
v08 -u_ df plNnlvt cj:yfdf afx]s a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ jf
hfoh]yf s'g} klg lsl;dn] /f]Ssf /x]sf]] jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lnPsf]
shf{ jfkt lwtf] /x]sf] eP ;f] :jtM km's'jf x'g]5 .
-u_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgIf]k lng] tyf shf{ lbg] sfd sf/afxL :jtM aGb
x'g]5 .
-3_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf lj?4df s'g} cbfntdf /x]sf] cbfntL sf/jfxLx?
:jtM :ylut x'g]5 / cbfntn] cGoyf cfb]z u/]sf]df jfx]s To:tf] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf lj?4sf] cbfntL sf/jfxL hufpg ;lsg] 5}g .
t/ To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;DaGwdf ;af]{Rr cbfntdf s'g}
d'2f ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] ePdf jf ;af]{Rr cbfntaf6 cfjZos lgsfzf lng
h?/L ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] ;f] cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] bfloTjdf Aofh jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] yk b:t'/
nfUg] 5}g .
-r_
/fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[ltn] jfx]s To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/
x:tfGt/0f, lwtf]aGws jf bflvn vf/]h x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
63
-#_ cbfntn] jfWofTds vf/]hLsf] sfd k|f/De ug{ cfb]z lbPsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgf
cl3 ul/Psf] s'g} klg sfd sf/jfxLn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgIf]kstf{ / ;fx"x?sf]
lxtnfO{ Iflt jf xfgL gf]S;fgL k'ofpg] s'/fsf] s'g} lsl;daf6 lnlSj8]6/nfO{ hfgsf/L x'g
cfPdf lnlSj8]6/n] ;f] s'/fsf] lgj]bg cbfnt ;dIf k]z u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+s
;d]tnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lnlSj8]6/sf] k]z u/]sf] lgj]bgdf cbfntn] b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] s'g} sfd sf/jfxL ePsf] b]v]df To:tf] sfdsf/jfxL cdfGo / ab/ ePsf] 3f]if0ff
ug{ ;Sg]5M
-s_
pkxf/ k|bfg ug{] lg0f{o ul/Psf] ePdf,
-v_
lgIf]kstf{ jf ;fx"xsf] xs lxtnfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL k'ofpg] sfo{ ul/Psf]
ePdf,
-u_
shf{ r'Qmf ug'{ kg]{ ldlteGbf cufl8 g} ul/Psf] e'QmfgL jf x:tfGt/0f jf
shf{sf] Dofb e'Qmfg x'g' cl3 g} lwtf]sf] km's'jf, x:tfGt/0f jf bfv]n vf/]h
ePdf,
-3_
s'g} sfd sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ;fdfGo jf
k|rngdf /x]sf] eGbf yk bfloTj kfg]{ u/L ePsf] kfOPdf,
-_
o; P]g adf]lhd ug{ kfpg] lgoldt a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/jfxL eGbf km/s
Joj:yf u/L s'g} ;Demf}tf jf sf/f]jf/ ePsf] kfOPdf,
-r_
;Da4 JolQmnfO{ /f]huf/L lbg] u/L s/f/ ul/Psf] ePdf .
-%_ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf afWofTds vf/]hLdf k/]sf] eP b]xfosf sf/f]af/x? ab/
x'g]5g\M
-s_
afWofTds vf/]hL ;DaGwL sf/afxL k|f/De x'g'eGbf 5 dxLgf klxn] jf ;f]

sf/afxL k|f/De ePsf] 5 dlxgfsf] cjlwleq ul/Psf cu|flwsf/o'Qm
sf/f]af/x?,
-v_
afWofTds vf/]hL ;DaGwL sf/afxL k|f/De x'g'eGbf Ps jif{ klxn] jf ;f]

sf/afxL k|f/De ePsf] Ps jif{sf] cjlwleq ;Da4 JolQm;Fu ePsf
cu|flwsf/o'Qm sf/f]af/x?,
-u_
afWofTds vf/]hL ;DaGwL sf/afxL k|f/De x'g'eGbf Ps jif{ klxn] jf ;f]

sf/afxL k|f/De ePsf] Ps jif{sf] cjlwleq sd d"No /fvL s'g} sf/f]af/ eO{
;f]sf] kl/0ffd:j?k a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf afWofTds vf/]hLdf k/]df jf a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf afWofTds vf/]hL ;DaGwL sf/afxL z'? ePkl5 sd d"No /fvL
eP u/]sf cGo sf/f]af/,
-3_
afWofTds vf/]hL ;DaGwL sf/afxL k|f/De ug'{eGbf b'O{ jif{ klxn] jf ;f]
sf/afxL k|f/De ePsf] b'O{ jif{sf] cjlwleq eP u/]sf hfn;fhk"0f{ sf/f]af/x?,
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf sf/f]af/nfO{ ab/ u/fpg lnlSj8]6/n] cbfntdf lgj]bg
lbg' kg]{5 .
64
-&_ s'g} sf/f]af/ ab/ x'g] ePsf] s'/fdf cbfnt ;Gt'i6 ePdf cbfntn] b]xfosf]
cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] To:tf] sf/f]af/sf ;DaGwdf e'QmfgL u/]sf] ;Dk"0f{ jf

s]xL /sd lnlSj8]6/nfO{ e'QmfgL ug{ ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ cfb]z lbg],
-v_
To;/L sf/f]af/ ePsf] hfoh]yf jf ;f] a/fa/sf] d"No lnlSj8]6/nfO{ a'emfpg

;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ cfb]z lbg],
-u_
To:tf] sf/f]af/sf] dfWodaf6 a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lnPsf] C0f, ;f] C0fsf]
nflu a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lbPsf] ;'/If0f jf hdfgt k"/} jf cf+lzs?kdf 5"6
jf d'Qm ug]{ cfb]z lbg],
-3_
ab/ x'g] sf/f]af/sf] kmn:j?k a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf / csf]{ JolQmaLr ePsf]
dfkmL, ;'+k"jf jf ;Demf}tf ab/ x'g], k|efjxLg x'g] jf sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sg]
cfb]z lbg],
-_
o; pkbkmf adf]lhdsf] cfb]z sfof{Gjog ug{ cGo s'g} yk cfb]z lbg' kg]{
ePdf cbfntn] To:tf] cfb]z ;d]t lbg] .
-*_ o; bkmf adf]lhd sfd sf/afxL s'g} ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf cGo
JolQmn] u/]sf] kfO{Pdf ;f] jfkt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ k'Ug uPsf] xfgL gf]S;fgL lghx?n]
JolQmut ?kdf ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
!))=
!)!=
;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] nutM -!_ lnlSj8]6/n]] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hL
;DaGwL sfd sf/jfxL k|f/De ug{ cbfntn] cfb]z lbPsf]] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ,
bfloTj jf ;DefJo bfloTjsf] cljnDa nut tof/ u/L Ps k|lt /fi6 a}+s ;dIf a'emfO{ Ps
k|lt ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] nutdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5MM
-s_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgIf]kstf{ tyf ;fx"x? k|ltsf] bfloTj,
-v_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQ tyf ;a} k|sf/sf bfloTjsf] ljj/0f /
;f]sf] cg'dflgt d"No,
-u_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;]jf k|fKt ug{ u/]sf] s/f/,
-3_
jfWofTds vf/]hLsf] k|lqmofdf hfg] cfb]z x'g' eGbf 5 dlxgf cl3sf]
cjlwdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] u/]sf] dxTjk"0f{ sf/f]jf/,
-#_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] nutnfO{ q}dfl;s kdf cBfjlws ug'{ kg]{5 /
;fx"x?n] lg/LIf0f ug{ rfx]sf] avt pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
rfn" sf/f]af/ cGTo ug]{M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf afWofTds vf/]hLsf] sfd sf/afxL
k|f/De ug{ cbfntn] cfb]z lbPsf]] ldltn] 5 dlxgf leq lnlSj8]6/n] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] lgDg sf/f]af/ cGTo ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] u/]sf] /f]huf/L ;DjGwL s'g} s/f/,
65
-v_
-u_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf kIf ePsf] s'g} klg ;]jf jfkt ul/Psf] s/f/,
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;+/Ifs -6i6L_ sf] x}l;otdf ub}{ cfPsf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{
tyf s/f/,
-3_
cfjZostf / kl/l:ylt adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf s'g} klg lgoldt
sfd sf/jfxL, zfvf tyf Joj;fo,
-_
s'g} ;Ldf lagf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] bfloTj jxg ug'{ kg]{ egL eP u/]sf
s'g} klg bfloTj,
-r_
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf cGo sfd sf/afxL .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cGTo ePsf s'g} klg sfd sf/afxL jfkt To:tf] sfd
sf/afxL cGTo ul/Psf] lbg ;Ddsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ltg'{ a'emfpg' jf jxg ug'{ kg]{
bfloTj jfx]s cGo s'g} klg lsl;dsf] yk /sd tyf Ifltk"lt{ bfjL ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
!)@= bfjL k]z ug]{ ;"rgfM afWofTds vf/]hLsf] sfd sf/afxL k|f/De ug{ cbfntn] cfb]z lbPsf]
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hL k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fpg cbfntn] cfb]z lbPkl5
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] ;do leq lnlSj8]6/n] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf s'g} klg lsl;dsf]
bfjL x'g] JolQmn] o; bkmf adf]lhd clGtd ;"rgf k|sfzg jf k|;f/0f ePsf] ldltn] Ps
dlxgf leq cfkm\gf] bfjL tyf cfkm"n] kfpg ;Sg] /sd a'em\g] dfWod pNn]v u/L ljj/0f k]z
ug{ b]xfo adf]lhd ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_
g]kfnsf] /fli6o :t/sf] s'g} g]kfnL / c+u|]hL efiffsf] b}lgs klqsfdf ;"rgf
k|sfzg ug]{,
-v_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/ x'g] d'Vo :yfg tyf ;f]sf] k|To]s sfof{nodf
;a}n] b]Vg] 7fpFdf ;"rgf 6fF; ug]{ u/fpg] .
!)#= lnlSj8]6/n] bfjL :jLsf/ jf c:jLsf/ ug{;Sg]M -!_ bkmf !)@ adf]lhd bfjL k/]sf] gJj] lbg
leq ;f] pk/ cfjZos hFfra'em u/L lnlSj8]6/n]] k|fKt k|df0fsf] cfwf/df ;f] bfjL k"0f{ jf
cf+lzs ?kdf :jLsf/ jf c:jLsf/ u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L bfjLstf{nfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfkm\gf] bfjL cf+lzs :jLs[t jf cl:js[t ePsf bfjLstf{n]
;f] sf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ePsf] kGw| lbg leq cfkm\gf] yk k|df0f eP ;f] ;d]t
;dfj]z u/L bfjL k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] bfjLnfO{ lnlSj8]6/n] cf+lzs jf k"0f{ kdf
c:jLs[t ug]{ u/L u/]sf] lg0f{odf lrQ ga'em]df ;f]sf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ePsf] kGw|
lbg leq lnlSj8]6/n] k7fPsf] lg0f{o k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] PSsfO; lbgleq bfjLstf{n]
cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
!)$= bfjLsf] jlu{s/0fM -!_ bkmf !)# adf]lhd :jLs[t, cf+lzs ?kdf :jLs[t jf cl:js[t bfjLnfO{
;f]xL adf]lhd 5'f5'} lzif{sdf 5'\ofO{ /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cf+lzs kdf :jls[t bfjLnfO{ :jLs[t ePhtL :jLs[t /
afFsLnfO{ c:jLs[t bfjLsf] ;"lrdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ bfjLsf] ;"rL tof/ ubf{ To:tf] ;"rLdf bfjLstf{sf] gfd, 7]ufgf, e'QmfgL x'g]
:yfg, ldlt, /sd tyf bfjL ;'/lIft ug]{ lwtf] eP gePsf] ljj/0f ;d]t k|i6 ?kdf pNn]v
ug'{ kg]{5 .
66
!)%=
!)^=
-$_ s'g} bfjLsf] af/]df ljjfb /xL ;f]sf] lg0f{o geP;Dd To:tf] bfjLnfO{ ljjflbt
bfjLsf] ;"rLdf /fVg' kg]{5 / :jLs[t / d"No lglZrt gePsf bfjLnfO{ lnlSj8]6/n] cfk"mn]
tf]s]sf] ;"rL cGtu{t ;"rLs[t ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ ;'/lIft ;fx"x?sf] bfjLsf] 5'} jlu{s/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ :jLs[t bfjLnfO{ o; P]g adf]lhdsf] e'QmfgLsf] k|fyldstf s|ddf /xg] u/L
;"rLs[t ug'{ kg]{5 .
;fx"x?sf] ;efM -!_ jfWofTds vf/]hLsf] sfd sf/afxL k|f/De ePsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf
;fx"x?n] cfk;L 5nkmn / ;xdtLsf nflu ;fx"x?sf] ;ef u7g ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] zt{ tyf lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL afWofTds
vf/]hLsf] k|lqmofdf uPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lnlSj8]6/n] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;fx" / C0fLx?;+u cfjZostf cg';f/ jftf{ u/L ;xdlt sfod ug{ ;Sg]5 .
vf/]hL of]hgfM -!_ bkmf !)$ adf]lhd bfjLsf] juL{s/0f ug]{ sfo{ ;dfKt ePkl5 ;f] sf]] tL;
lbg leq lnlSj8]6/n] ;f] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL k|lqmofsf] lj:t[t of]hgf tof/ kf/L
:jLs[ltsf nflu cbfnt ;dIf k]z u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+snfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] vf/]hL of]hgfdf b]xfosf ljifox ;dfj]z ug'{
kg]{5M
-s_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f, ;f]sf] k|s[lt /
kl/0ffd,
-v_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ljut / k|If]lkt cfo tyf Joosf] ljj/0f,
-u_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jt{dfg cfly{s sf/f]jf/ hf/L /fVg] jf /2 ug]{
;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f,
-3_
unt sfd sf/afxL ;DaGwdf cbfntaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o jf cfb]z,
-_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf] s;"/ jf
cGo u}/sfg"gL sfd sf/jfxL jfkt Ifltk"lt{ dfu ug{ ul/Psf] sf/jfxLsf]
ljj/0f,
-r_
bfjL juL{s/0f tyf e'QmfgL k|fyldstf ;lxtsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f,
-5_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] d'Vo ;DklQ jf ;DklQx?sf] ;d"xsf] laqmL tyf
t/ntf ;DaGwL of]hgf,
-h_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] bfloTj tyf cfufdL gJj] lbg leq lgIf]kstf{ /
;fx"x?nfO{ ltg'{kg]{ ;DefJo e'QmfgL ljj/0f tflnsf,
-em_ jfWofTds vf/]hLsf] nfut tyf vr{,
-`_
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf cGo ljj/0f .
-#_
vf/]hL of]hgfnfO{ q}dfl;s kdf cBfjlws ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ vf/]hL of]hgfnfO{ cbfntn] :jLs[t u/]kl5 ;f] of]hgfdf bfjL pNn]v ePsf] a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;fx"xnfO{ lg/LIf0fsf] nflu pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ jfWofTds vf/]hLdf uPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ k"0f{ jf cf+lzs kdf nufgL
u/L k'gM kF"hLs[t ul/g] 5}g .
67
!)&=
lgIf]kstf{nfO{ tTsfn k]ZsL lbg ;lsg]M o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg jfWofTds vf/]hLsf] k|lqmofdf uPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgIf]kstf{x?nfO{ lgIf]k
ljt/0fsf] ;dodf lx;fa ldnfg x'g] u/L k]ZsLsf] ?kdf k|lt vftf a9Ldf Ps nfv
?k}+ofF;Dd ljt/0f ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L lbPsf] k]ZsL bkmf !!) adf]lhd e'QmfgL ubf{sf avt
;dfof]hg ul/g]5 .
!)*= ;DklQ laqmL ug]{ clwsf/M /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] clwgdf /xL afWofTds vf/]hL
k|lqmofdf uPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fx"sf] :jLs[t bfjLsf] ;'/If0f jfkt lbOPsf] ;DklQ
nufot To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cGo ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQnfO{ lnlSj8]6/n] b]xfo adf]lhd
lnnfd laqmL ug{ u/fpg ;Sg]5M
-s_
ahf/df ;lhn};Fu laqmL ug{ ;lsg] lwtf]kq, ljb]zL d'b|f jf ahf/df t'?Gt}
laqmL x'g;Sg] ;DklQnfO{ lnlSj8]6/n] sf/f]jf/ x'g] :yfgdf,
-v_
;fx"sf] shf{ ;'/If0f jfkt lbPsf] ahf/df ;lhn} ljs|L x'g] lwtf]kq, ljb]zL
d'b|f jf cGo ;DklQ lwtf] lng] ;fx"x? :jo+n] ljqmL ug{,
-u_
;DklQ lnnfd laqmL ubf{ dgfl;j d"No k|fKt x'b}g eGg] lnlSj8]6/nfO{
nfu]df cGo s'g} klg tj/af6 laqmL ug{,
-3_
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]adf]lhd cGo Joj:yf ug{ .
!)(= bfjL km5\of}{6sf] ;"rgfM lnlSj8]6/n] bkmf !)^ sf] vf/]hL of]hgf adf]lhd bfjL km/5\of}6 ug{
bfjLsf] k|s[lt, kl/df0f / e'QmfgL k|fyldstf ;d]t v'nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg tyf
k|;f/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
!!)= e'QmfgLsf] k|fyldstfM -!_ ;'/lIft ;fx"x?sf] ;'/If0f jfkt /flvPsf] ;DklQ afx]s afWofTds
vf/]hLdf uPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] b]xfosf] k|fyldstf qmdfg';f/ cfkmgf] bfloTj e'QmfgL
ug'{ kg]{5MM
-s_ jfWofTds vf/]hLsf] nflu ePsf]] vr{,
-v_ d'2lt, art, rNtL jf cGo lgIf]k vftfdf /x]sf] /sd,
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lbg' kg]{ tnjeQf tyf cGo bfloTj
jfktsf] /sd,
-3_ g]kfn ;/sf/, :yfgLo lgsfo jf /fi6 a}+snfO{ ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ /sd,
-_ cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ltg{ afFsL z'Ns jf d"Nof+sg jfkt ltg'{kg]{
/sd,
-r_ cGo ;fx" jf cGo bfjL jfktsf] /sd,
-5_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd z]o/wgLx? .
-@_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf !)* adf]lhd laqmL
ljt/0f ubf{ laqmL ljt/0f gePsf] s'g} ;DklQ s'g} ;fx"n] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 cfkm"n]
kfpg ;Sg] /sd jfkt a'em\g dGh'/ u/L lgj]bg lbPdf To:tf] ;DklQsf] d"No /fi6 a}+sn]
lgwf{/0f u/LlbPsf] dfkb08sf] cwLgdf sfod u/L lnlSj8]6/n] To:tf] ;fx"nfO{ ;f] ;DklQ
x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;'/lIft ;fx"x?sf] ;'/If0f
jfkt s'g} ;DklQ /flvPsf] eP To:tf] ;DklQ lghx?sf] bfloTj k"/f ug{ dfq k|of]u ul/g]5 .
68
!!!=
!!@=
!!#=
!!$=
a'em\g gcfPsf] j:t' jf /sdM -!_ bfjL jf bfloTjsf] ljj/0f cg';f/ cfkmgf] /sd jf j:t'
lkmtf{ lng o; k/R5]b adf]lhd ;"rgf lbOPsf]df To:tf] /sd jf j:t' lkmtf{ lng ;DalGwt
JolQm tf]lsPsf] ;dodf lng gcfPdf To:tf] j:t' jf /sd /fi6 a}+sn] lgb]{zg lbP adf]lhd
lnlSj8]6/n] Joj:yfkg ug'{ kg]{5 .
Ohfhtkq /4M -!_ afWofTds vf/]hLdf uPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQ o; P]g
adf]lhd e'QmfgL, ljt/0f jf Joj:yfkg ul/;s]kl5 lnlSj8]6/n] ;f] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
clGtd jf;nft / gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fj ;lxt n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tyf vf/]hL k|ltj]bg /fi6
a}+sdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos hfFra'em u/L :jLs[t u/]df
;f] sf] Jof]xf]/f hgfO{ /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Ohfhtkq /2 ug]{5 /
Ohfhtkq /2 u/]sf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{5 .
-#_ /fi6 a}+saf6 pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f :jLs[t tyf pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd
Ohfhtkq /2 u/]kl5 ;f] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jfWofTds vf/]hL ug{ cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg
lbg /fi6 a}+sn] lnlSj8]6/nfO{ :jLs[lt lbg' kg]{5 .
vf/]hLsf] lgj]bg lbg]M -!_ bkmf !!@ adf]lhd Ohfhtkq /2 ePsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
lnlSj8]6/n] ;f]xL bkmf adf]lhdsf k|df0f ;lxt To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] vf/]hLsf] nflu
cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lnlSj8]6/n] cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg u/]df ;f] pk/ cbfntn]
cfjZos hfFra'em u/L To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jfWofTds vf/]hLdf uPsf] lg0f{o lbg
;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cbfntn] lbPsf] lg0f{o lnlSj8]6/n] g]kfnL jf c+u|]hL
efiffsf Ps Psj6f /fli6o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf slDtdf Ps Ps k6s k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 /
o;/L k|sfzg ubf{ cbfntaf6 ePsf] cfb]z tyf vf/]hL k|ltj]bgsf] d'Vo s'/f ;d]t pNn]v
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|sflzt ePkl5 lnlSj8]6/n] ;f] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] gfd sDkgL btf{sf] ;"rLaf6 x6fpg sDkgL /lhi6f/nfO{ cg'/f]w ug{]5 / ;f]xL
adf]lhd sDkgL /lhi6f/n] pQm a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd sDkgLsf] btf{ lstfaaf6
x6fOPsf] ;"rgf g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L vf/]hLdf uPsf] a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd x6fOPkl5 pQm a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jfWofTds vf/]hLsf] sfd
sf/jfxL cGTo x'g]5 / To:tf] a}+s, ljQLo ;+:yf ljlwjt lj36g ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-^_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jfWofTds vf/]hLn] ;f] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g}
;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L, ;f]sf] z]o/wgL jf cGo JolQmsf] o; P]g jf
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf] s'g} bfloTj eP To:tf] bfloTj sfod g} /xg]5 .
Ps eGbf a9L d'n'sdf sfd sf/f]af/ ug]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jfWofTds vf/]hLM Ps
eGbf a9L d'n'sdf sfd sf/f]af/ ug]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvfsf] jfWofTds vf/]hLsf]
k|lqmof /fi6 a}+sn] cGt/f{li6o k|rngnfO{ dWogh/ /fvL to u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
t/ Ps eGbf a9L d'n'sdf sfd sf/f]af/ ug]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;xfos
sDkgLsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jfWofTds vf/]hL o;} kl/R5]b adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
69
!!%=
!!^=
bfjL gnfUg]M bkmf !)@ adf]lhd cfk\mgf] bfjL k]z ug{ ;"rgf ubf{ tf]lsPsf] ;do leq bfjL
k]z gug]{ ;fx" tyf cGo JolQmn] ;f] kl5 s'g} bfjL k]z ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
t/ lgIf]kstf{sf] vftfdf /x]sf] /sd pk/ bfjL gk/]sf] sf/0fn] lghsf] xsdf s'g}
c;/ kg]{ 5}g .
/fi6 a}+sn] km/kmf/ssf] sfd ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf
klg /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf s'g} klg a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ /fi6 a}+s P]g
adf]lhd cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ km/kmf/ssf] sfo{ cufl8 j9fpg ;Sg]5 M
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] bfloTj e'QmfgL ug{ g;s]df,
-v_ ;'kl/j]IfsLo ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df cfkm\gf] bfloTj e'QmfgL ug{ g;s]df, e'QmfgL ug{'
kg{] bfloTjx? k"/f ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] v'b ;DklQ eGbf bfloTj a9L ePdf,
-3_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf ;a} k|sf/sf k"FhL tyf sf]ifx?n] ;d]t vfDg g;Sg] u/L a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf 3f6fdf uPdf,
-_ /fi6 a}+s P]g adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] lg0f{o u/]df .
-@_ /fi6 a}+sn] km/kmf/ssf] sfo{ ubf{ /fi6 a}+s P]g nfu" x'g]5 . bfdf;fxL P]g, @)^# / cGo
k|rlnt sfg"gdf /x]sf bfdf;fxL jf vf/]hL ;DaGwL s'g} klg Joj:yfx? km/kmf/ssf
;DaGwdf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
70
kl/R5]b !@
lgodgsf] sf/afxL, lgoGq0f, s;"/ tyf b08 ;hfo ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!!&=
lgodgsf] sf/afxLM -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+s P]g, o; P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L
ul/Psf] lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{zg jf cfb]zsf] pNn+3g u/]sf] kfPdf To:tf] a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{ pNn+3gsf] k|s[lt / ufDeLo{ x]/L /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s'g} Ps jf Ps eGbf
a9L sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5M
-s_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] z]o/wgLnfO{ lbg] nfef+zsf] ljt/0f jf af]g;
z]o/ hf/L ug{ jf b'j} sfo{ ug{df k|ltaGw nufpg],
-v_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] :jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg] lgIf]k jf lbg ;Sg] shf{ jf b'j}
sfo{ ug{df ;Ldf tf]Sg] jf k|ltaGw nufpg],
-u_
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/df cf+lzs jf k"0f{ k|ltaGw nufpg] .
-@_ /fi6 a}+s P]g, o; P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L u/]sf]] lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{zg jf
cfb]z adf]lhd lbg' kg]{ hfgsf/L glbg] jf k]z ug'{ kg]{ sfuhft tyf ljj/0f tf]lsPsf] ;do
leq k]z gug]{ jf cg'udg, lg/LIf0f jf ;'k/Lj]If0f ubf{ /fi6 a}s jf ;f] sfo{sf nflu /fi6
a}+saf6 vl6Psf] s'g} clwsf/Ln] dfu u/]sf] sfuhkq, ljj/0f, tYof+s jf clen]v tf]]s]sf]
cjlwleq pknAw gu/fpg] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ /fi6 a+}sn] b]xfo adf]lhd hl/jfgf ug{
;Sg]5M
-s_ Dofb gf3]sf] Ps xKtf;Dd b}lgs Psnfv ?k}ofF,
-v_ Dofb gf3]sf] b'O{ xKtf;Dd b}lgs Psnfv kRrL; xhf/ ?k}ofF,
-u_ v08 -v_ sf] cjlw gf3]kl5 hlxn] ;'s} ePklg b}lgs Psnfv krf; xhf/
?k}ofF .
-#_ /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfosf cj:yfdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lbPsf] a}+l+s tyf ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq lgnDjg jf /2 ug{ ;Sg]5M
-s_
a}+l+s tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq
a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;'? gu/]df,
-v_
/fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt glnO{ a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ aGb u/]df,
-u_
lgIf]kstf{sf] xs lxt ljk/Lt x'g] u/L a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng
u/]df jf dfu]sf] jf Dofb k'u]sf] lgIf]k dfu ubf{ lkmtf{ gu/]df jf ug{
g;s]df,
-3_
/fi6 a}+s P]g, o; P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{zg, cfb]z
jf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] zt{ pNn+3g u/]df jf kfngf gu/]df,
-_
e'mf] ljj/0f k]z u/L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt u/]sf] kfOPdf .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd hl/jfgf ul/Psf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] pQm hl/afgfsf]
hfgsf/L kfPsf] ldltn] tLg lbgleq /sd ga'emfPdf To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6
a}+sdf vf]n]sf] vftfdf /x]sf] /sdaf6 sf u/L c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .
71
-%_ s'g} klg a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks, z]o/wgL, ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v,
kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf cGo s'g} ;DalGwt JolQmn] /fi6 a}+s P]g, o; P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t
hf/L ePsf] lgod, ljlgod, lgb{]zg jf cfb]zsf] pNn+3g u/]df /fi6 a}+sn] pNn+3gsf] k|s[lt
tyf uflDeo{ x]/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s'g} Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5M
-s_ lghn] lnPsf] ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ hkmt tyf /f]Ssf ug]{
/ ;f] z]o/ cGo JolQmnfO{ laqmL ug{ ;ldltnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg],
-v_ bz nfv ?k}of ;Dd hl/afgf ug{],
-u_ a}s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;ldlt, ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L / cGo sd{rf/Ln]
kfpg] a}7s eQf, dfl;s kfl/>lds nufotsf s]xL jf ;a} ;'ljwf /f]Ssf jf
lgnDagdf /fVg ;ldltnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] / ;f] lgb]{zg sfof{Gjog ug]{
lhDd]jf/L ePsf clwsf/Ln] ;f] gu/]df lghx?nfO{ v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf]
sf/jfxL ug]{,
-3_ sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf zt{ ;DaGwL sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
lghnfO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] / lgh ;f] a}s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns jf
cGo lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] JolQm ePdf lghnfO{ cjsfz lbg jf kbaf6 x6fpg
;ldltnfO{ cfb]z lbg],
-_ v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] ;~rfns jf cGo lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] JolQmnfO{ cjsfz
lbg jf kbaf6 x6fpg /fi6 a}+sn] ;ldltnfO{ cfb]z lbPdf ;f] cfb]z ePsf]
ldlt b]lvg} lgh :jtM lgnDag x'g]5 / ;f] cfb]z ;ldltaf6 ;ft lbg leq
sfof{Gjog gePdf ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfsf] dfWodaf6 /fi6 a}+sn] pQm
JolQmnfO{ avf{:t u/L cGo ;~rfnsnfO{ v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] sf/jfxL ug]{,
-r_ o; P]g ljkl/t jf c:jefljs tnj eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf s'g} a}s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] lnPsf] jf lbO{Psf] ePdf To:tf] ;Dk"0f{ ;]jf ;'lawf jf ;f]
jfkt nfUg] /sd tyf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf] Aofh To:tf] ;]jf ;'lawf
lbg] JolQmaf6 c;'n pk/ ug]{,
-5_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L Joj;flos ?kn]
;Da4 ePsf] lgsfo ;dIf sf/afxLsf nflu n]vL k7fpg ;DalGwt a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ cfb]z lbg],
-^_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ /sd s'g} kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Lsf]
x]nr]qm\ofFO{ jf ab\lgotaf6 ltg{' a'emfpg' kg{] b]lvg cfPdf To:tf] /sd lgh kbflwsf/L jf
sd{rf/Laf6 c;"n pk/ ug{ /fi6 a}+sn] cfb]z lbPsf] ldltn] k}+lt; lbgleq lghn] To:tf]
/sd glt/] gj'emfPdf lghsf] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lgh jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] gfddf
/x]sf] vftf, jf lgh jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf]] s'g} klg rn crn ;DklQaf6 ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x
c;"n pk/ ul/g]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -%_ adf]lhd /fi6 a}+snfO{ k|fKt x'g] gub hl/afgf /fi6 a}+ssf]
a}+ls ljsf; sf]ifdf hDdf u/L a}+lu ljsf;df k|of]u ul/g]5 .+
-*_ o; P]g adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodg, lg/LIf0f,
;'k/Lj]If0f jf cGo s'g} sfd sf/afxL u/L ;f]sf] ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sfzg jf k|zf/0f
u/]df To:tf] ;"rgf k|sfzg tyf k|zf/0f ubf{ nfu]sf] vr{ To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{5 .
72
!!*=
!!(=
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf pk/ lgoGq0f M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g jf of] P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf
ljlgod jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L ePsf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zgsf] pNn+3g u/]sf] jf /fi6 a}+ssf]
lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f k|ltj]bgaf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lgjf{x ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj k"/f ug{
g;s]sf] jf g;Sg] ;Defjgf ePsf] jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;'rf? ?kn] ;~rfng gePsf] jf
z]o/wgL jf lgIf]kstf{sf] clxt x'g] sfo{ u/]sf] s'/fdf /fi6 a}+s ljZj:t ePdf /fi6 a}+sn]
To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldlt lgnDag u/L To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfnfO{ cfgf] lgoGq0fdf lng ;Sg]5 .
-@_ /fi6 a}+sn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnPkl5 To:tf]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg cfk}+m jf s'g} pko'Qm JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf lgo'Qm
u/L ;f] dfk{mt ug{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ /fi6 a}+sn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cfk}+m jf cGo s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf dfk{mt
Joj:yfkg u/] u/fPsf] Ps jif{leq ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ljQLo tyf Joj:yfkg
k/LIf0f u/L jf u/fO{ ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgaf6 ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf cfk"mn] k"/f ug'{ kg]{
bfloTj k"/fug{ ;dy{ ePsf] jf ;'rf??kn] ;~rfng x'g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] s'/fdf /fi6 a}+s
ljZj:t ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfo adf]lhd ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u/]sf] lgnDag
k'ms'jf u/L k'gM ;f]xL ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ ;f] ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg lhDdf nufpg], jf
-v_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] lgnlDat ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ avf{:t
u/L Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] z]o/wgLdWo]af6 gofF ;~rfns ;ldltsf] u7g u/L ;f]
;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg lhDdf nufpg], jf
-u_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfO{ ;f] ;efaf6 gofF ;~rfns ;ldltsf]
u7g u/L ;f] ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg lhDdf nufpg], jf
-3_ /fi6 a}+sn] pko'Qm b]v]sf] cGo s'g} sf/afxL rnfpg] .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgaf6 ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf cfk"mn] k"/f ug'{ kg]{
bfloTj k"/f ug{ c;dy{ ePsf] jf ;'rf? ?kn] ;~rfng x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] s'/fdf
/fi6 a}+s ljZj:t ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] btf{ vf/]hL ug{ cbfntdf
lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ /fi6 a}+sn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cfgf] lgoGq0fdf lng'cl3
;DalGwt Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cj:yf x]/L kGw| lbg;Ddsf] Dofb lbO{ cfgf]
;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ df}sf lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ /fi6 a}+sn] o; bkmf adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cfgf] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ u/]sf] sfd
sf/afxLsf] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ /fi6 a}+sn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cfgf] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf]
hfgsf/L g]kfn ;/sf/ cy{ dGqfnonfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
sf/jfxLsf] sfo{ljlwM -!_ o; P]gdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s bkmf !!& adf]lhd cfly{s
hl/afgf jf sf/jfxL ubf{ /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfosf] sfo{ljlw cjnDag ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ k|:tfljt sf/jfxL ug'{ cl3 cf/f]lkt lgsfo jf JolQmnfO{ k|:tfljt hl/afgf jf
sf/jfxLsf] af/]df lghn] u/]sf] sfo{sf] k|s[lt, ;f] sf] ;+lIfKt Joxf]/f tyf ;f] cg'?k
73
!@)=
nufpg ;lsg] hl/jfgfsf] /sd jf k|:tfljt sf/jfxL ;d]t pNn]v u/L cfgf] ;kmfO{
k]z ug]{ ;ft lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ lnlvt ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd cf/f]lkt lgsfo jf JolQmn] pQm cf/f]k;+u ;xdt jf c;xdt ePsf]
;DaGwdf ;ft lbgleq lnlvt k|lts[of k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-u_ cf/f]lkt lgsfo jf JolQmn] ;f] cf/f]k pk/ c;xdlt JoQm u/]sf] Joxf]/f lrQ a'bf]
ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] cf/f]knfO{ ;+zf]wg, ;Lldt jf vf/]h ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-3_ cf/f]lkt lgsfo jf JolQmn] ;f] cf/f]k pk/ ;xdlt JoQm u/]df jf lrQ a'bf] k|lts[of
lbg g;s]df /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] hl/afgf jf sf/jfxL ug]{5 .
-@_ o; P]g adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] ug]{ sf/afxLsf ;DaGwdf cfjZos kg{] cGo sfo{ljlw /fi6
a}sn] agfO{ nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 .
k'g/fj]bgM -!_ bkmf !!& adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] u/]sf] sf/afxL pk/ lrQ ga'emfpg] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf jf ;f]sf ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] sf/afxLsf] cfb]z kfPsf]
ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq cbfnt ;dIf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf pk/ ul/Psf] sf/afxL lj?4 s'g} z]o/wgLn] k'g/fj]bg ubf{
tTsfn sfod /x]sf] r'Qmf k"FhLsf] slDtdf kRrL; k|ltzt z]o/sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L
z]o/wgLx?n] cfk"mdWo]af6 r'g]sf] k|ltlglwn]] k'g/fj]bg ug'{ kg]{5 .
!@!=
!@@=
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf JolQmn] JolQmut
sf/afxL la?4 k'g/fj]bg ug{ /fi6 a}+sn] lghnfO{ hl/jfgf u/]sf] jf s'g} /sd ltg{ a'emfpg
cfb]z lbPsf] eP To:tf] /sdsf] krf; k|ltzt /sd w/f}6Lsf] ?kdf /fi6 a}+sdf hDdf ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ kbaf6 x6fO{Psf] jf jvf{:t ul/Psf] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns,
kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L To:tf] sf/afxL ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{ gk'u];Dd jf lghn] cbfntdf
k'g/fj]bg u/]sf] ePdf ;f] k'g/fj]bgsf] clGtd lsgf/f geP;Dd s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L eO{ sfd sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
/fi6 a}+sn] d'2fsf] :yug ug{ lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] M bkmf !@% adf]lhd bfo/ ePsf d'2f afx]s
/fi6 a}+sn] a}+ls tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] :j:y ljsf;, :yfloTj tyf lgIf]kstf{sf] lxt Pj+
ljQLo ck/fw lgoGq0fnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL /fi6 a}s jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf kIf jf ljkIf
ePsf b]jfgL k|s[ltsf s'g} klg sfd sf/afxL, sf/f]af/ / ;f];+u ;DalGwt ljifodf s'g} klg
cbfntdf ljrf/flwg /x]sf] s'g} jf ;a} d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ a9Ldf Ps aif{;Dd :yug ug]{ u/L
cfb]z hf/L u/L kfpg ;af{]Rr cbfnt jf ;DalGwt cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
s;"/M -!_ s;}n] o; P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{zg, cfb]z jf zt{
;Ldf ljk/Lt x'g] u/L b]xfosf] s'g} sfd sf/afxL u/]df o; P]g adf]lhd s;"/ u/]sf]
dflgg]5M
-s_ o; P]g adf]lhd a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{] Ohfhtkq glnO{ a}+ls tyf ljQLo
sf/f]af/ u/]df,
-v_ unt jf em'f ljj/0f lbO{ a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq kfPsf] b]lvPdf,
-u_ a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{] Ohfhtkqsf] zt{ ;Ldf ljk/Lt x'g] u/L a}+ls tyf
ljQLo sf/f]af/ u/]df,
-3_ ljb]zL ljlgdo sf/f]af/ u/]df,
-_ o; P]g ljkl/t shf{ k|jfx jf cGo nufgL u/]df,
74
!@#=
!@$=
!@%=
!@^=
-r_ shf{ k|jfx ubf{, lwtf] d'Nof+sg ubf{, shf{ c;'nL ubf{ jf ;f] ;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} klg
sfo{df clgoldttf u/]df, lwtf]df lnPsf] ;DklQ lnnfd ljqmL ubf{ jf u}/ a}+ls+u
;DklQsf] ?kdf ;sf/ ug{' kbf{ jf u}/ a}+ls+u ;DklQ ;sf/ u/L lalqm ubf{ lwtf] lnFbf
ul/Psf] d"Nof\sg agfj6L d"Nodf u/]df,
-5_ ufEbf ufleFbf, k|fKtL ubf{, vf/]hL ubf{ jf n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ s'g} ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L,
sd{rf/L tyf cGo JolQmn] clgoldttf u/]df,
-h_ v08 -5_ ;Dd plNnlvt s;"/ afx]ssf o; P]g adf]lhd /fi6 a}+snfO{ k|fKt clwsf/sf]
k|of]u u/L jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{zg, cfb]z jf zt{ ;Ldf
pNn+3g u/]df jf ;f] adf]lhd ug{ gx'g] sfd u/]df, ug'{ kg]{ sfd gu/]df, /f]s nufPsf,
lgif]w u/]sf jf ug{ gx'g] eg]sf cGo s'g} sfd sf/afxL u/]df,
-7_ v08 -s_ b]lv -h_ ;Ddsf] s;"/ ug{ pBf]u ug]{ jf To:tf] s;"/ ug{ s'g} klg lsl;dn]
d2t k'ofPdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ x'Fbfsf avt cfkm\gf] kbdf axfn /x]sf] ;~rfns,
kbflwsf/L jf s;"/df ;xof]u ug]{ cGo s'g} JolQm ;d]tn] To:tf] s;"/ cfkm\gf] ;xdlt ljgf
ePsf] jf To:tf] s;"/ x'g glbg cfkm"n] e/dUb'/ k|of; u/]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft u/]sf] cj:yfdf
jfx]s To:tf] s;"/ lgh :jod\n] u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
ph'/L lbg ;Sg]M bkmf !@@ ljkl/t sfo{ ug]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} ;~rfns,
kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L, C0fL jf cGo s'g} klg ;DalGwt JolQm lj?4 hf] s;}n] klg ;f] sf]
k|df0f ;lxt ;DalGwt lgsfo ;dIf ph'/ ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . o;/L ph'/L lbFbf gfd pNn]v ug{
cfjZos x'g] 5}g .
kbdf axfn g/x]sfnfO{ sf/afxL ug{ ;lsg]M s'g} JolQmn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} kbdf
axfn x'Fbf u/]sf] s'g} s;"/ lj?4 lgh ;f] kbaf6 cjsfz ePsf] jf axfn g/x]sf] sf/0fn]
o; P]g adf]lhd sf/afxL ug{ afwf k'Ug] 5}g .
g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g]M -!_ bkmf !@@ df plNnlvt s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL
eO{ bfo/ ul/g]5 / To:tf] d'2f ;/sf/L d'2f ;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] cg';"rL! df ;dfj]z
ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-@_ bkmf !@@ adf]lhdsf] s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg, txlssft tyf d'4f bfo/ u/L k'k{If
ug]{ h:tf ;a} sfo{df /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
b08 ;hfoM b]xfosf] s;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;hfo x'g]5M
-s_
bkmf !@@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df ;f]sf] lauf] hkmt
u/L lauf]sf] tLg u'0ff;Dd hl/afgf / kfFr jif{;Dd s}b,
-v_
bkmf !@@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df lauf] eP ;f]] hkmt
u/L lauf]sf] b'O{ u'0ff;Dd hl/afgf / b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b,
-u_
bkmf !@@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_, -3_, -_, -r_ jf -5_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df
lauf] eP ;f] hkmt u/L lauf] a/fa/sf] hl/jfgf / Ps jif{ ;Dd s}b,
-3_
bkmf !@@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -h_ -em_, -`_ jf -6_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df
lauf] eP ;f] hkmt u/L lauf] a/fa/sf] hl/jfgf / 5 dlxgf ;Dd s}b,
-_
v08 -7_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df lauf] eP ;f] hkmt u/L d'Vo JolQmnfO{ x'g]
75
;hfosf] cfwf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu ljuf] sfod ubf{ sf/f]af/ ePsf] ;Dk"0f{ /sdnfO{
lx;fj u/L ljuf] sfod ug{' kg{]5 .
-#_ v08 -s_ b]lv v08 -_ ;Ddsf] hl/jfgf ubf{ ljuf] v'n]sf]df ;f]xL ljuf] adf]lhd
/ ljuf] gv'n]df bz nfv ?k}ofFb]lv krf; nfv ?k}ofF ;Dd .
-$_ bkmf !@@ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/df d'Vo JolQm ;d]tnfO{ pkbkmf -!_
sf] cfwf b08 ;hfo x'g]5 .
-%_ bkmf !@@ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ s'g} kmd{ sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] u/]df To:tf] kmd{,
sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] ;DalGwt ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ o; bkmf
adf]lhdsf] b08 ;hfo x'g]5 / To:tf] ;DalGwt JolQm Plsg x'g g;s]df ;f] kmd{, sDkgL jf
;+:yfsf] k|d'vnfO{ ;f] adf]lhdsf] b08 ;hfo x'g]5 .
-^_ bkmf !@@ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/L s;}n] cfk"m, cfk\mgf] kl/jf/, gft]bf/ jf cGo
s'g} JolQmsf] gfddf ;DklQ /fv]sf] jf n'sfPsf] kfO{Pdf ;f] / ;f]af6 j9] j9fPsf] ;DklQ
;d]t hkmt x'g]5 .
76
kl/R5]b !#
ljljw
!@&
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+s ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yfM -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
ePtfklg /fi6 a}+sn] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+ssf] :Yffkgf, ;~rfng, lgodg, ;'kl/j]If0f, sfd
sf/jfxL, ufEg] ufleg], k|flKt ug{] jf vf/]hLsf ;DaGwdf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+ssf] k|s[lt,
kl/df0f tyf nufgLnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL 5'6\6} ljz]if gLltut Joj:yf ug{ jf lgb]{zg lbg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+ssf]
;+:yfks jf z]o/wgLn] lng] clwstd z]o/ jf s'g} ljb]zL a}+s, ljQLo ;+:yf jf cGo
;ul7t ;+:yfn] To:tf] a}+ssf] z]o/, l8j]Gr/ jf cGo ljQLo pks/0fdf nufgL ug]{ ;Ldf
/fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!@*=
lgIf]ksf] ;'/If0fljdf u/fpg' kg{] M -!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+ssf]
lgb{]zg adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] lgIf]k vftfdf /x]sf] /sdsf] ;'/If0fljdf u/fpg' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgIf]k ;'/If0fljdf u/fpFbf k|rlnt lgIf]k ;'/If0fljdf ;DaGwL
sfg"g tyf /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb{]zgsf] clwgdf /xL To:tf] ;'/If0fljdf u/fpg' kg{]5 .
!@(=
a}l uf]kgLotf sfod /fVg' kg]{M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf / u|fxs aLrsf] ;DaGw tyf a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lx;fa lstfa, n]vf, vftf, axL, n]h/, >]:tf / n]vfsf] ljj/0f ;DalGwt
JolQm afx]s cGo s;}nfO{ hfgsf/L lbO{g] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf To:tf] ljj/0f
lbOPdf uf]klgotf e u/]sf] dflgg] 5}gM
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
-_
-r_
/fi6 a}+s P]g, o; P]g jf ;f] cGtu{tsf] lgod, ljlgod, cfb]z jf lgb]{zg
adf]lhd /fi6 a}+snfO{ lbOPsf]df jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfx? aLr shf{
;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ l;nl;nfdf lbOPsf]df,
d'2f jf cGo sfg"gL sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf cbfntnfO{ lbOPsf]df,
sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt cg';Gwfg txlssft ug]{, cleof]hg ug]{ jf
hfFra'em tyf cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf hfFRfa'em ;ldlt jf cGo k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt cg';GWffg clwsf/LnfO{ ;DalGwt kIfsf]
;"rgf lbOPsf]df jf cGo lgodgsf/L lgsfonfO{ To:tf] ;"rgf lbO{Psf]df,
n]vfk/LIf0fsf] l;nl;ndf n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ lbOPsf]df,
lkIfLo jf ax'kIfLo ;lGw jf kf/:kl/stfsf] cfwf/df b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L
d'n's jf s'g} klg d'n'ssf] lgodgsf/L lgsfo aLr ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg
ePsf]df,
s'g} vf; k|s[ltsf] ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf sf/0f ;d]t v'nfO{ s'g}
JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] gfddf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /x]sf]
77
!#)=
!#!=
vftfsf] s'g} ljj/0f jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] vftfsf] ljj/0f dfu u/L
g]kfn ;/sf/, cy{ dGqfnoaf6 cg'/f]w eO{ cfPsf]df /fi6 a}+sn] ;f]
adf]lhd lgb]{zg lbPsf]df .
-#_ s;}n] klg pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt x'g cfPsf] hfgsf/L jf ljj/0fsf]
uf]kgLotf e ug'{ u/fpg' x'+b}g .
-$_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, sd{rf/L,
n]vfk/LIfs, ;Nnfxsf/ tyf ;DalGwt s'g} klg AolQmn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf / To;sf u|fxs
aLrsf] ;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ u/L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lx;fa lstfa, vftf, axL, ;|]:tf,
n]vf tyf cGo s'g} klg lsl;dsf] uf]klgotf sfod ug'{ kg]{ ljifosf] uf]klgotf e ug'{
u/fpg' x'+b}g .
vftf /f]Ssf /fVg lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]M -!_ s'g} klg lsl;dsf] s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg jf /fli6o jf
cGt/f{li6o cft+sjfbL sfd sf/jfxL jf a}+ls, ljQLo ck/fw jf ;+ul7t ck/fwsf] lgoGq0f
u/L /fli6o lxt sfod /fVg] l;nl;nfdf s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] gfddf s'g} a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /x]sf] vftfaf6 s'g} klg lsl;dn] e'QmfgL lbg jf /sdfGt/ ug{ gkfpg]
u/L vftf /f]Ssf /fVg /fi6 a}+sn] ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ s'g} klg avt lgb]{zg
lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
lgIf]k pk/sf] xs bfjLM -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /x]sf] lgIf]k pk/ ;f] lgIf]k /fVg] JolQm
afx]s c? s;}sf] xs bfjL nfUg] 5}g . lgIf]k /fVg] JolQmsf] d[To' ePdf lghn] s;}nfO{
OR5fPsf] eP To:tf] OR5fOPsf] JolQmsf] / To:tf] OR5fOPsf] JolQmsf] klg d[To' ePsf] /x]5
jf s;}nfO{ OR5fOPsf] /x]g5 eg] b]xfosf] JolQmdWo] k|fyldstf qmdfg';f/ h'g JolQm hLljt
5 ;f]xL JolQmsf] To:tf] lgIf]k pk/ klxnf] xs bfjL nfUg]5M
-s_
;uf]nsf] klt jf kTgL,
-v_
;uf]nsf] 5f]/f jf 5f]/L, wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL jf ljwjf j'xf/L
-u_
;uf]nsf] afa', cfdf, 5f]/f kl6[sf] gflt jf gfltgL,
-3_
leGg a;]sf] klt jf kTgL, 5f]/f, 5f]/L, afa' jf cfdf, 5f]/f, a'xf/L jf
ljjflxt 5f]/L,
-_
;uf]nsf] afa' kl6[sf] afh], aHo}, bfh', efO, ebf], cljjflxt lbbL jf alxgL,
leGg a;]sf afh], aHo},
-r_
;uf]nsf] ;f}t]gL cfdf, leGg a;]sf] 5f]/f kl6[sf] gflt jf cljjflxt gfltgL,
-5_
leGg a;]sf] bfh' jf efO, ebf], lbbL, alxgL, elthf, elthL
-h_
;uf]nsf] sfsf, lawjf sfsL, efpHo", efO{ a'xf/L jf gfltgL a'xf/L,
-em_ ljjflxt lbbL, alxgL, leGg a;]sf] gfltgL a'xf/L .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] qmddf sf]xL JolQm gePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] lgIf]k pk/
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf] xsjfnfsf] bfjL /xg]5 / To:tf] xsjfnf klg gePsf] cj:yfdf
;f] lgIf]k /fi6 a}+ssf] a}+ls ljsf; sf]ifdf hDdf u/L a}+lu ljsf;df k|of]u ul/g]5 .+
-#_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /x]sf]
lgIf]k pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd xs k'Ug] JolQmsf] dGh'/Ln] afx]s cGo s'g} JolQmnfO{ lbOg] 5}g .
78
!#@=
!##=
!#$=
!#%=
bfjL gk/]sf] lgIf]ksf] ljj/0fM -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] bz jif{b]lv rNtL gePsf] tyf o;
P]g adf]lhd xs bfjL gk/]sf] lgIf]k vftfx?sf] ljj/0f k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] dlxgfleq
/fi6 a}+sdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd rNtL gePsf] jf bfjL gk/]sf] lgIf]k
lng cfpg] ;"rgf k|To]s kfFr jif{df Ps k6s /fli6o :t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf k|sfzg ug'{
kg]{5 . ;f] sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] j]j;fO6df /fVg' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] /sd jL; aif{;Dd lng a'em\g gcfPdf ;f] /sd /fi6
a}+ssf] a}+ls ljsf; sf]ifdf hDdf u/L a}+lu ljsf;df k|of]u ul/g]5 .+
lgIf]k e/L e/fpm jf hkmt x'g ;Sg]M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /fv]sf] lgIf]k /sd lwtf] jf
hdfgt /fvL shf{ n]gb]g sf/f]af/ u/]sf] jf ;/sf/L jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf]
;+:yfsf] txljn df;L ;f] df;]sf] /sdaf6 jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} s;"/ dflgg] sfd
u/L ;f] s;"/sf] lauf]af6 jf cft+ssf/L jf a}+ls, ljQLo ck/fw jf ;+ul7t ck/fw ;DaGwL
sfd sf/afxLaf6 ;+sng u/L lgIf]k /fv]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] lwtf] jf hdfgt /x]sf] jf txljn
d:of}6 u/]sf] lauf] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;f] lgIf]kaf6 e/L e/fpm jf hkmt x'g ;Sg]5 .
ljz]if kl/l:yltdf 5"6 lbg] clwsf/M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljz]if kl/l:yltdf s'g} ljz]if ;+:yf,
JolQm, ju{ jf JolQmsf] ljj/0f;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf g]kfnsf] cfly{s k|0ffnLsf] k|j4{g,
:yfloTj tyf ;fj{hlgs lxtdf k|lts"n k|efj gkg]{] u/L To:tf] ;+:yf, JolQm, ju{, ;d"x jf
JolQmx?nfO{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] zt{, ;Ldf / k|ltjGw tf]sL g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg
u/L o; P]gsf s'g} k|fjwfgdf 5"6 lbg] u/L cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfb]z g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ePkl5 To:tf] cfb]zsf]
k|lt oyf;Dej l56f] ;+;b ;dIf k|:t't ug'{ kg]{5 .
5"6 / ;'ljwfM -!_ s[lif, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u, l;+rfO{, hn ljB't pTkfbg tyf g]kfn
;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] cGo s'g} Joj;fosf] lgldQ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfnL gful/s jf
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;+:yflkt ;+:yfnfO{ lbg] a9Ldf bz nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] shf{sf] lnvt
/lhi6]zg ug'{ kg]{ 5}g .
-@_ shf{ / lgIf]ksf] efsf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf l;t ;DalGwt s'g} klg lsl;dsf] lnvtdf cfo l6s6 b:t'/ nfUg]
5}g .
!#^=
vr{ Joj:yfkgM a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|f/lDes, ;+:yfkgf, k|zf;lgs, Joj;flos,

Joj:yfkg tyf cGo vr{sf ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
!#&=
k|jGwkq tyf lgodfjnLsf] ;+zf]wgM a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|jGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] ;+zf]wg
/fi6 a}+saf6 :jLs[t geP;Dd nfu" x'g]5}g .
JolQmut ljj/0f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L / sfo{sf/L k|d'vn] cfkm\gf] /
cfkm\gf] kl/jf/sf] gfddf /x]sf] rn crn ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] ljj/0f k|To]s cfly{s
aif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ;f7L lbg leq tof/ u/L /fi6 a}+sdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L ljj/0f k]z
ubf{ ;f] sf]] cfo ;|f]t ;d]t v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
!#*=
79
!#(=
zky u|x0f -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lgo'Qm ePsf] k|To]s ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sfo{sf/L
k|d'v jf sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] kbsf] lhDd]jf/L z'? ug'{ c3L cg';"rLdf tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf kb
tyf uf]klgotfsf] zky lng' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ky cWoIfn] ;ldlt ;dIf, cGo ;~rfns tyf
sfo{sf/L k|d'vn] cWoIf ;dIf / cGo kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Ln] sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf lghn]
tf]s]sf] kbflwsf/L ;dIf zky lng' kg]{5 .
!$)= cWoog ;ldlt u7g x'g]M /fi6 a}+sn] a}lu tyf ljQLo sfg"g, shf{ c;"nL, ljQLo If]qsf]
:yfloTj, Goflos ljsf; Pj+ ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] ;d;fdlos ;'wf/sf ;du| kIfdf cWoog u/L
k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ /fi6 a}+s, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf tyf ;DalGwt lgsfo Pj+ lj1x? ;dflxt
Ps lj1 ;ldlt tyf ;f] cGtu{t cGo pk;ldltx? u7g ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] ;ldlt,
pk;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / ;'ljwfx? /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!$!= lgod, ljlgod agfpg] tyf lgb]{zg lbg] clwsf/M -!_ o; P]gsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ /fi6 a}+sn]
cfjZos b]v]sf s'g} klg laifodf cfjZostf cg';f/ lgod jf ljlgod hf/L u/L nfu" ug{
;Sg]5 .
t/ /fi6 a}+sn] agfPsf] lgod g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t ePkl5 dfq nfu" x'g]5 .
!$@= ljlgod agfpg] clwsf/M -!_ o; P]g, /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] zt{, ;Ldf tyf dfkb08sf]
cwLgdf /xL j}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] ;+:yfut, k|zf;lgs tyf Joj;flos sf/f]af/
;'Jojl:yt ?kn] ;~rfng ug{ ;ldltn] /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ b]xfosf ljifodf ljlgod
agfO{ nfu" ug{ kg{]5 M
-s_ sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm, a9'jf, ;?jf, avf{:tL, tna, eQf, pkbfg, lgj[Qe/0f,
ljbf, cfr/0f, cg'zf;g tyf ;]jfsf zt{ / To:tf] ;]jfsf] u7gsf] ;DaGwdf,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwdf,
-u_ shf{ ckn]vg ug]{ ;DaGwdf,
-3_ /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbPsf cGo laifosf ;DaGwdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt ljifox?df afx]s a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] b]xfosf
laifodf cfjZostf adf]lhd sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" ug'{ kg{]5 M
-s_ ;ldltsf] a}7s / ;fwf/0f ;efsf] sfo{ljlwsf ;DaGwdf,
-v_ ;ldltn] ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/LnfO{ clVtof/
k|Tofof]hg ug]{ ;DaGwdf,
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf tk{maf6 ul/g] s/f/ ;DaGwL zt{x?sf] ;DaGwdf,
-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] 5fk k|of]usf] sfo{ljlwsf ;DaGwdf,
-_ shf{ lb+bf /fVg] lwtf] ;'/If0f jf lnnfd ljqmL ug'{ kg]{ u}/ a}+ls ;Dkltsf]
d"Nofg ;Dagwdf,
-r_ o; P]g adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug'{ kg]{ cGo sfd sf/afxLsf] ljifosf]
;DaGwdf,
-5_ sfuhft w'Nofpg] ljifosf ;DaGwdf,
/fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbPsf cGo laifosf ;DaGwdf .
80
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljlgod o; P]g, /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zg, zt{ cflb
;Fu aflemPsf] ePdf aflemPsf] xb;Dd ;'?b]lv g} :jtM ab/ ePsf] dflgg]5 .
!$#= dWo:ytfM a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf aLrdf s'g} lsl;dsf] ljjfb pTkGg ePdf /fi6 a}+sn]
dWo:ytf ug]{5 . o:tf] dWo:ytfsf ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
!$$= o; P]g tyf /fi6 a}+s P]g adf]lhd x'g]M -!_ cGo k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg o; P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{zg, cfb]z jf zt{df
n]lvPsf s'/fdf ;f]xL adf]lhd / cGo s'/fdf cGo k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ o; P]g adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodg, lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f,
km/kmf/s ;DaGwL sfd sf/afxL /fi6 a}+s P]g adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .
!$%= afwf c8sfp k'msfpg]M o; P]gdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/f sfof{Gjog ug{ s'g} afwf c8\sfp k/]df
/fi6 a}+sn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jls[ltdf To:tf] afwf c8sfp k'msfpg cfjZos cfb]z hf/L ug{
;Sg]5 . o;/L afwf c8sfp k'msfpFbf ;f]sf] sf/0f / cf}lrTo ;d]t v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
!$^= sfd sf/afxL ab/ gx'g]M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm jf ;ldltsf] u7gdf s'g}
clgoldttf ePsf] jf s'g} ;~rfnssf] kb l/Qm /x]sf] sf/0fn] dfq ;~rfns jf ;ldltn]
u/]sf] s'g} sfd sf/afxL ab/ x'g] 5}g .
!$&= c;n lgotn] u/]sf] sfdk|lt hjfkmb]xL x'g gkg]{ M -!_ g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%*, of] P]g jf
;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod, ljlgod, cfb]z jf lgb]{zg adf]lhd c;n lgotn] u/]sf] s'g}
sfdsf/afxLsf] ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+s, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] kbflwsf/L JolQmut jf ;fd'lxs
?kn] hjfkmb]xL x'g] 5}gg\ .
-@_ /fi6 a}+s P]g, o; P]gn] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L cfkm\gf] sfd st{Josf] kfngf c;n
lgotn] u/]sf], ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] jf To:tf] sfd ug]{ e/dUb"/ k|of; ubf{ ;d]t sfd ;Dkfbg x'g
g;s]sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ /fi6 a}+ssf] lj?4 s'g} sf/jfxL rnfOg] 5}g .
-#_ /fi6 a}+ssf] s'g} klg kbflwsf/L, lgl/Ifs, sd{rf/L jf cflwsfl/s JolQmdfly o; P]gn]
lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ jf sfd, st{Jo kfng ug]{ qmddf c;n lgotn] u/]sf] s'g} sfd jf ug{
g;lsPsf] s'g} sfdnfO{ lnP/ s'g} s;"/df d'2f rnfOg] 5}g .
-$_ /fi6 a}+s P]g, o; P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod, ljlgod, cfb]z jf lgb]{zgsf] kfngf
ug]{ qmddf c;n lgotn] u/]sf] jf ug{ vf]h]sf] s'g} s'/fn] x'g cfPsf] jf x'g] xfgL gf]S;fgLsf]
;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+s, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf ;f]sf] kbflwsf/L lj?4 s'g} lsl;dsf] d'2f k/]df To:tf]
d'2fsf] vr{ ;DalGwt ;+:yfn] Joxf]g]{5 .
t/ ]if, nfk/jfxL jf abgLotaf6 ul/Psf] s'g} sfdsf] kl/0ffd pk/ ;DalGwt JolQm g}
lhDd]jf/ x'g]5 / To:tf] laifodf k/]sf] d'2fsf] vr{ ;+:yfn] Joxf]g]{ 5}g .
!$*= k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{M -!_ /fi6 a}+sn] /fHosf] ljQLo cj:yf, /fli6o cGt/f{li6o If]qdf :yflkt
ljQLo sfg"g tyf Goflos l;4fGt, ;d:ofu|:t tyf uDeL/ sf/jfxL ul/Psf a}+s ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
l:ylt, Ps s/f]8 ?k}ofF eGbf a9L shf{ lnO{ ;dodf r'Qmf gug]{ C0fLx?sf] ;DaGwdf ePsf] sfd
sf/jfxL, shf{ c;'nL tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLdf b]lvPsf ;d:of cflb ;d]t ;dflxt u/L jflif{s k|ltj]bg
tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ /fi6 a}+sn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] 5 dlxgf
81
leq tof/ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 / g]kfn ;/sf/n] To:tf] k|ltj]bg hfgsf/L tyf
5nkmnsf nflu ;+;bdf ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
!$(= vf/]hL tyf arfpM -!_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf] P]g adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/afxL o;} P]g adf]lhd
eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
82
cg';"rL !
-bkmf !#( sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;+u ;DalGwt_

zkyu|x0f kmf/fd
d
=================================,
=======================================================================
a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] ============================== kbdf lgo'Qmdgf]goglgjf{lrt ePsf]n] ;f] kbsf]
st{Jo k|rlnt sfg"g tyf g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] lgodg / lgb]{zgsf] clwgdf /xL ljQLo k|0ffnLsf]
;Da4{g tyf a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] lxtnfO{ ;b}j Wofgdf /fvL cfkm\gf] st{Jo Odfgbf/Lsf ;fy kfngf
ug]{5' . a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/ tyf uf]Ko /fVg' kg]{ s'/fx? sxL+ st} k|sfz kfg]{ 5}g .
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klg k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf s'g} klg k|sf/n] s;}nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] 5}g egL O{dfg wd{ ;DemL ;To
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83

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cWoIf eGgfn] ;ldltsf] cWoIf ;Demg' k5{ .

jf ljlgdo ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/kq ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .

lgodfjnL eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodfjnL ;Demg' k5{ .

zLif{sdf /x]sf] sf]if jf /sd ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .

-ss_ /fi6 a}+s eGgfn] g]kfn /fi6 a}+s ;Demg' k5{ .

Jofj;flos ;~rfns eGgfn] bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Joj;flos

pks/0fsf] sf/f]af/ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .

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ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL tyf ;DalGwt d'n'sdf

;DalGwt d'n'ssf] sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfndf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf vf]Ng

ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] g]kfn l:yt zfvf jf k|ltlglw jf ;Dks{

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|yd jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Ddsf] cjlwsf]

;~rfns lgo'lQm ubf{ Pp6} kl/jf/sf ;b:oaf6 Ps sfo{sfndf Pshgf

s'g} ljifodf :gftsf]kflw xfl;n u/]sf] jf s'g} ;/sf/L jf a}l jf

Jofj;flos ;~rfnssf] of]UotfM b]xfosf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] Jofj;flos ;~rfnssf]

Joj:yfkg, a}l, ljQLo, df}lb|s, cy{zf:q, jfl0fHozf:q, n]vfzf:q,

Joj:yfkg, a}l, ljQLo, df}lb|s, cy{zf:q, jfl0fHozf:q, n]vfzf:q,

Joj:yfkg, a}l, ljQLo, df}lb|s, cy{zf:q, jfl0fHozf:q, n]vfzf:q,

v08 s jfx]ssf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf,

Joj:yfkg, a}l, ljQLo, df}lb|s, cy{zf:q, jfl0fHozf:q, n]vfzf:q,

s'g} ljZjljBfnosf] cWoog ;]jfdf /xL Joj:yfkg, a}l, ljQLo, df}lb|s,

-r_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] axfnjfnf n]vfk/LIfs jf ;Nnfxsf/ jf ;DalGwt a}+s jf

bkmf @! adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf gePdf,

;~rfnsn] cfgf] kbaf6 lbPsf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ePdf,

Joj;flos ;~rfnssf] xsdf lghn] ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf lgIf]kstf{sf] xs / lxt ljk/Lt sfo{ u/]sf]

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cGo s'g} lgsfosf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L eO{ sfd u/]sf] eP

lgh jf lghsf] kl/jf/n] ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To;sf] d'Vo jf

lghsf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:o ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf kbflwsf/L jf

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/fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]s]adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .

v8f ug{ ;Sg]5 .

k};7\7L jif{ pd]/ ggf3]sf],

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a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL cfjZos

;fwf/0f ;eff/f ul/Psf lg0f{o / /fi6 a}+sf/f lgb]{lzt s'/fx? sfof{Gjog

o; P]g, /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb{]zg, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL a}+s jf

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a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL / k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf,

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL ljlgod,

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] shf{ gLlt,

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL ljlgod,

shf{ ckn]vg ;DaGwL ljlgod,

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Jofj;flos /0fgLlt / ;+rfng ul/g] sf/f]jf/sf]

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;+efljt ;a} hf]lvdx?sf] pko'Qm 9+uaf6 Joj:yfkg

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;a} ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L / pNn]Vo :jfldTj ePsf]

s, v, u, 3 ju{sf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf ljb]zL

a}+l+s jf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkq lb+bf :j:y k|lt:kwf{Tds / ljQLo

o; P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod, ljlgod, cfb]z jf lgb]{zg tyf