1

Finite volume schemes for two phase

incompressible Darcy flows
Two phase Darcy flow models
Saturations
Relative permeabilities: two phase Darcy velocities

Scalar hyperbolic conservation laws
Two points monotone fluxes
Explicit scheme and CFL condition

IMPES discretization of two phase flows
Pressure computation: elliptic equation
Saturation computation: scalar hyperbolic equation

2
OIL AND WATER SATURATIONS
In a given pore volume V
p
, let V
w
be the water
phase volume and V
o
the oil phase volume with
V
p
= V
w
+ V
o
.

The oil and water saturations are the volume
fractions of the oil and water phases
p
o
o
V
V
S =
p
w
w
V
V
S =
with
1 = +
o w
S S
3
Oil residual Saturation
and Irreducible Water Saturation
Sor = Volume fraction of oil trapped by capillarity which
cannot be displaced

Swi = Volume fraction of water trapped by capillarity which
cannot be displaced
4
RELATIVE PERMEABILITIES
AND TWO PHASE DARCY VELOCITIES
P K
S kr
V
o
o o
o
! " =

) (
!
P K
S kr
V
w
w w
w
! " =

) (
!
5
Mass conservation for !=o,w

TWO PHASE DARCY FLOW
P K
kr
V ! " =
#
#
#

!
( )
( ) 0 = +
!
!
" "
" "
#
$#
V div
t
S
!
Darcy velocities for !=o,w
1
,
=
!
= o w
S
"
"
Pore volume conservation
6
TWO PHASE INCOMPRESSIBLE DARCY FLOWS
( )
( )
!
"
#
= $ % + &
= $ % % + & %
0 ) (
0 ) 1 (
P K S M div S
P K S M div S
o o o t
o w o t
'
'
o w
S kr
S M , ,
) (
) ( = = !

!
! !
! !
Water and oil
mobilities
o w
S S ! =1
) ( ) 1 ( ) (
o o o w o T
S M S M S M + ! = Total mobility
7
TWO PHASE INCOMPRESSIBLE DARCY FLOWS
7
( ) 0 ) ( = + !
T o o o t
V S f div S
!
"
) 1 ( ) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
o w o o
o o
o T
o o
o o
S M S M
S M
S M
S M
S f
! +
= =
P K S M V
o T T
! " = ) (
!
( ) 0 ) ( = ! " P K S M div
o T
Total velocity
Pressure equation
Oil saturation equation
with
8
IMPES DISCRETIZATION
OF TWO PHASE INCOMPRESSIBLE DARCY FLOWS
8
( ) 0 ) (
1
1
1
= +
!
!
+
+
+
n
T
n
o o
n n
n
o
n
o
V S f div
t t
S S
!
"
1 1
) (
+ +
! " =
n n
o T
n
T
P K S M V
!
( ) 0 ) (
1
= ! "
+ n n
o T
P K S M div
Total Velocity
Elliptic Pressure
equation
Hyperbolic oil
saturation equation
) ( ) 1 ( ) (
1 1 1 + + +
+ ! =
n
o o
n
o w
n
o T
S M S M S M
Total Mobility
9
Scalar hyperbolic equation
Buckley leverett example
1D hyperbolic equation
!
"
!
#
$
% =
& % = ' + '
=
on u u
T on u f u
t
x t
0 0
) , 0 ( 0 ) (
Water injection in a 1D reservoir
0
p p =
0
) ( ) 1 (
) (
0
=
!
!
"
#
$
$
%
&
+ '
( + (
= (
T
o o o w
o o
x o t
T x
V
S M S M
S M
S
V
)
V V
S
T
o
=
= 0
10
Scalar hyperbolic equation in
dimension d

( )
!
"
!
#
$
% =
& % = + '
=
d
t
d
t
on u u
T on u t x F div u
0 0
) , 0 ( 0 ) , , (
!
Ex: Two phase
Darcy flow
0 =
!
!
"
#
$
$
%
&
+
+ '
T
o w
w
t
V
M M
M
div S
!
(
0 ) ( =
T
V div
!
11
Advection equation in 1D
!
"
!
#
$
% =
& % = ' + '
=
on u u
T on u a u
t
x t
0 0
) , 0 ( 0
) ( ) , (
0
at x u t x u ! =
The solution is constant along characteristics:
0
x at x = !
!
"
!
#
$
=
=
0
) 0 ( x x
a
dt
dx
t
x
0
x at x = !
12
Scalar non linear hyperbolic equation
!
"
!
#
$
% =
& % = ' + '
=
on u u
T on u f u
t
x t
0 0
) , 0 ( 0 ) (
Characteristics:
( ) [ ]
!
"
!
#
$
=
=
0
) 0 (
), ( ) (
x x
t t x u a t
dt
dx
t
x
0 0 0
)) ( ( x t x u a x = !
) ( ' ) ( u f u a =
0
) (
) ( ' ) ), ( (
=
! + ! =
! + ! =
u u a u
u t x u t t x u
dt
d
x t
x t
) ( ) ), ( (
0 0
x u t t x u =
) (
0
x u
) , ( t x u
13
Formation of a shock
!
"
!
#
$
=
=
u u a
u
u f
) (
2
) (
2
g
u
0 =
d
u
2
) ( ) (
g
g d
g d
u
u u
u f u f
s =
!
!
=
x
t
14
Weak solutions
Weak formulation: compactly supported in
[ ]
! !
" +"
" #
= $ + $
0
0 ) ( ) , ( dxdt u f u t x
x t
%
[ ]
! ! !
"
" +
" #
+"
" #
# = $ + $
0
0
) ( ) 0 , ( ) ( dx x u x dxdt u f u
x t
% % %
1
c
C ! "
( ) [ ) ! " +! ! # , 0 ,
t
x
15
Rankine-Hugoniot relations for
piecewise smooth solutions
compactly supported in
[ ]
[ ]
!
!
"
"
= # + #
+ # + #
d
g
dxdt u f u
dxdt u f u
x t
x t
0 ) (
) (
$ $
$ $
!
! " # " # = #
d g
[ ] [ ]
[ ]! "
" " "
d n t u f n t u
dxdt u f u dxdt u f u
x g t g
x t x t
g g
#
# #
$
% %
+ +
& + & ' = & + &
)) ( ( ) (
) ( ) (
t
x
g
!
d
!
!
t
M(t)=(X(t),t)
) , (
t x
n n n =
[ ] 0 )) ( ) ( ( ) ( = ! + !
"
#
$ % d n u f u f n u u
x g d t g d
g d
g d
x
t
u u
u f u f
n
n
t X s
!
!
= ! = =
) ( ) (
) ( '
( )
[ ]
2 / 1
2
)) ( ' ( 1
) ( ' , 1
t X
t X
n
+
!
=
16
Non uniqueness of weak solutions
2
) ( ) (
d g
g d
g d
u u
u u
u f u f
s
+
=
!
!
=
u
x
2
) ( ) (
d g
g d
g d
u u
u u
u f u f
s
+
=
!
!
=
u
x
g
u
g d
u u >
g d
u u <
g
u
!
"
!
#
$
=
=
u u a
u
u f
) (
2
) (
2
u
x
g d
u u >
g
u
Non physical shock
Rarefaction wave
17
Physical solutions
- If f is a convex function, a schock (u
g
,u
d
) is admissible iff u
g
>u
d
- Lax criterium: the characteristics focus
to the shock
- Physical solutions are vanishing viscosity solutions
0 ) (
2
= ! " ! + !
# # #
# u u f u
x
x t
- The entropy is increasing when crossing the shock
18
Entropy solutions to the Cauchy
problem
Existence and uniqueness of the entropy solution
It satisfies the maximum principle:
!
"
!
#
$
% =
& % = ' + '
=
on u u
T on u f u
t
x t
0 0
) , 0 ( 0 ) (
) ( ), (
1
0
! " ! "
#
C f L u
) (! "
#
L u
! " # # x all for M x u m ) (
0
0 , ) , ( > ! " # # t x all for M t x u m
if
then
19
1D Case
( )
0
2 / 1 2 / 1
1
= ! +
"
!
! +
+
i i
n
i
n
i
i
f f
t
u u
#
!
"
!
#
$
% =
& % = ' + '
=
on u u
T on u f u
t
x t
0 0
) , 0 ( 0 ) (
2 / 1 ! i
x
2 / 1 + i
x
i
!
1 ! i
"
1 + i
!
) ( ) , ( u f u u g =
Flux consistency
0 ) , ( ) , (
1 2 / 1 1 2 / 1
= = =
! ! + +
n
i
n
i i
n
i
n
i i
u u g f u u g f
Numerical flux: g
20
Advection equation: centered scheme
( )
0
2
1 1
1
=
!
+
"
!
! +
+ n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
i
u u
a
t
u u
#
!
"
!
#
$
% =
& % = ' + '
=
on u u
T on au u
t
x t
0 0
) , 0 ( 0
2 / 1 ! i
x
2 / 1 + i
x
i
!
1 ! i
"
1 + i
!
2 2
) ( ) (
) , (
1 1
1 2 / 1
+ +
+ +
+
=
+
= =
i i i i
i i i
u u
a
u f u f
u u g f
The centered scheme is always
unstable
21
The centered scheme is unstable
x
u(x,t>0) u(x,0)
a=1
!
"
!
#
$
% =
& % = ' + '
=
on u u
T on au u
t
x t
0 0
) , 0 ( 0
Centered scheme with dt=0.001
22
Advection equation: upwind scheme
( )
0 ) (
1
1
= ! +
"
!
!
+
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
i
u u a
t
u u
#
!
"
!
#
$
% =
& % = ' + '
=
on u u
T on au u
t
x t
0 0
) , 0 ( 0
2 / 1 ! i
x
2 / 1 + i
x
i
!
1 ! i
"
1 + i
!
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i i
au u f u u g f = = =
+ +
) ( ) , (
1 2 / 1
0 ) ( > = a with au u f
23
Advection equation: upwind scheme
( )
0 ) (
1
1
= ! +
"
!
!
+
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
i
u u a
t
u u
#
2 / 1 ! i
x
2 / 1 + i
x
i
!
1 ! i
"
1 + i
!
The scheme is stable under the CFL condition
n
i i
n
i i
n
i
u u u
1
1
) 1 (
!
+
+ ! = " "
i
i
t a
!
"
#
=
a
t
i
i
! inf
" #
= advection of at most one cell in one time step
24
Advection equation, upwind
scheme with CFL = 0.5
25
Advection equation: upwind
scheme with CFL =1.1
26
Advection equation:
interpretation of the upwind flux
2 / 1 ! i
x
2 / 1 + i
x
i
!
1 ! i
"
1 + i
!
1 ! i
x
1 + i
x
i
x
- The upwind flux is first order consistent
- We look for the flux which is second order consistent
i i i i i
au u f u u g f = = =
+ +
) ( ) , (
1 2 / 1
0 > a
( )
( )
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
) , (
+
+
+
+
+
!
!
"
"
#
$
%
%
&
' !
+
+
=
i i
i i
i i
i i
i i
u u
x x
x x a
u u
a u u g
Centered flux diffusion of viscosity
2
1
2 / 1
i i
i
x x a
K
!
=
+
+
au f =
u x K f
x
! " = ) (
27
Advection equation: the explicit
time integration reduce diffusion
1 ! i
x
1 + i
x
i
x
( ) ( )
=
!
"
+
!
"
"
+
x
u u
a
t
u u
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i 1
1
uniform mesh i x
i
! " = #
We look for the equation satisfied by
at second order in
) , (
n
i
n
i
t x u u =
) (
2 2
t x O ! + !
) ( ) , ( ) 1 (
2
2 2 2 / 1
2
t x O t x u CFL
x a
u a u
n
i
x
x t
! + ! +
"
#
$
%
&
'
( )
!
) ( + (
+
1
/
!
"
"
=
a x
t
CFL
0 = ! + ! u a u
x t
28
Advection equation: explicit upwind
scheme on a uniform mesh
29
Monotonous two point schemes for 1D
scalar hyperbolic equations
( )
0 ) , ( ) , (
1 1
1
= ! +
"
!
! +
+
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
i
u u g u u g
t
u u
#
!
"
!
#
$
% =
& % = ' + '
=
on u u
T on u f u
t
x t
0 0
) , 0 ( 0 ) (
2 / 1 ! i
x
2 / 1 + i
x
i
!
1 ! i
"
1 + i
!
) ( ) , ( u f u u g =
Flux consistency
) , ( v u g
increasing in u and decreasing in v
stable scheme (under CFL <=1) and convergent
30
Monotonous two points schemes in 1D
proof of stability
( )
0 ) , ( ) , (
1 1
1
= ! +
"
!
! +
+
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
i
u u g u u g
t
u u
#
2 / 1 ! i
x
2 / 1 + i
x
i
!
1 ! i
"
1 + i
!
( )
0 ) (
) , ( ) , (
) (
) , ( ) , (
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
= !
!
!
+
!
!
!
+
"
!
!
!
!
+
+
+
+
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
i
u u
u u
u u g u u g
u u
u u
u u g u u g
t
u u
#
31
Monotonous two points schemes in 1D
proof of stability
2 / 1 ! i
x
2 / 1 + i
x
i
!
1 ! i
"
1 + i
!
( ) ( )
2
1
1
2 / 1
1
1
1
2 / 1
1 2 / 1 1 2 / 1 2 / 1 2 / 1
1
) , ( ) , (
0
) , ( ) , (
0
1
d
u u
u u g u u g
d
d
u u
u u g u u g
d
u d u d
t
d d
t
u u
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
n
i
i
n
i i
n
i i
i
i i
i
n
i
n
i
!
"
"
= !
!
"
"
= !
+
#
+
$
$
%
&
'
'
(
)
+
#
" =
+
+
+
"
"
"
" " + + " +
+
* *
2 1
inf
:
d d
t condition CFL
i
i
+
! "
#
( ) ] , [
0
M m u for !
M u m
n
i
! !
+1
32
Finite Volume Scheme for scalar hyperbolic
conservation laws in dimension d
( ) [ ]
! !
+
= + "
#
1
0 ) , , (
1
n
n
t
t
t
dxdt u t x F div u
t
$
!
!
" " " "
+
=
#
+
$
$
%
&
'
'
(
)
*
#
+
'
'
'
1
1
0 ). , , (
1
) , ( ) , (
1
+
++
++
+ +
,
n
n
t
t
n n
d n u t x F
t
dx t x u dx t x u
t
!
!
1 + n
u
!
!
n
u
!
!
( ) 0 ) , , ( = + ! u t x F div u
t
!
!
' !
! ! !! ' '
n n
! !
" =
F
!
! ! !! ' '
F F " =
33
Finite Volume Scheme for scalar
hyperbolic conservation laws
( )
!
= +
"
#
+
'
'
1
0
$
$$
$ $
$ F
t
u u
n n
! !
+
"
#
1
'
' '
). , , (
1
n
n
t
t
d n u t x F
t
F
$$
$$ $$
%
!
!
! ! !! ' '
F F " =
Discrete conservation law
!
' !
! ! !! ' '
n n
! !
" =
F
!
34
Two point Flux Approximation
( )
!
= +
"
#
+
'
*
'
*
'
1
0 ) , (
$
$ $ $$
$ $
$ u u F
t
u u
n n
! !
+
"
#
$ $
1
'
' ' '
). , , (
1
) , (
n
n
t
t
d n u t x F
t
u u F
%%
%% % % %%
&
!
!
Explicit scheme
Implicit scheme
) , ( ) , (
' ' ' ' ! ! ! ! ! ! !!
u u F u u F " =
! !
+
"
=
1
'
' '
). , , (
1
) , (
n
n
t
t
d n u t x F
t
u u F
##
## ##
$
!
!
n = !
1 + = ! n
Flux Conservativity
Flux Consistency
!
' !
! ! !! ' '
n n
! !
" =
F
!
35
Monotone Flux
) , (
'
v u F
!!
lncreasing with u and decreasing with v
!
' !
! ! !! ' '
n n
! !
" =
F
!
( )
!
= +
"
#
+
'
*
'
*
'
1
0 ) , (
$
$ $ $$
$ $
$ u u F
t
u u
n n
36
Maximum principle for
( ) [ ]
!
=
+
= "
"
"
+
#
"
'
'
'
' ' '
1
0 ) (
) , ( ) , (
$$ %
$ $
$ $
$ $ $$ $ $ $$ $ $
$
n n
n n
n n n n n n
u u
u u
u u F u u F
t
u u
( ) 0 ) , , ( = + ! u t x F div u
t
!
0 = F div
x
!
!
=
=
'
'
0 ) , (
"" #
""
v v F
0
'
! !
""
d d
! !
=
"
+
#
#
$
%
&
&
'
(
"
) =
+
'
' '
'
'
1
0 1
*
* **
*
** * *
* *
n n n
u d
t
d
t
u u
0 = F div
x
!
d s Nbneighbor
t condition CFL
) (
inf !
!
" #
37
Saturation Equation for two phase
Darcy flow
( ) 0 ) ( = + !
T o o o t
V S f div S
!
"
) ( ) 1 (
) (
) (
o o o w
o o
o o
S M S M
S M
S f
+ !
=
lncreasing function
with
) ( ) , ( ) , , (
o o o
S f t x V S t x F
! !
=
38
with f increasing
( )
!
= + +
"
#
# + + +
+
'
'
1
'
1
'
1
0 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
$
$ $$ $ $$
$ $
$
n n n n
n n
u f V u f V
t
u u
( ) 0 ) ( ) , ( = + ! u f t x V div u
t
!
ds n t x V
t
V V
n
n
t
t
n n
! !
+
"
= # =
+ +
1
'
'
1
'
1
'
). , (
1
$$
$$ $ $ $$
!
!
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) , (
'
1
'
1
' ' ' ! !! ! !! ! ! !!
u f V u f V u u F
n n " + + +
+ =
) ( ) , ( ) , , ( u f t x V u t x F
! !
=
with
39
1D test case
Injection of water in a reservoir
prod
p p =
inj
w
p p
S
=
=1
40
IMPES DISCRETIZATION
OF TWO PHASE INCOMPRESSIBLE DARCY FLOWS
40
( ) 0 ) (
1
1
1
= +
!
!
+
+
+
n
T
n
o o
n n
n
o
n
o
V S f div
t t
S S
!
"
1 1
) (
+ +
! " =
n n
o T
n
T
P K S M V
!
( ) 0 ) (
1
= ! "
+ n n
o T
P K S M div
Total Velocity
Elliptic Pressure
equation
Hyperbolic oil
saturation equation
) ( ) 1 ( ) (
1 1 1 + + +
+ ! =
n
o o
n
o w
n
o T
S M S M S M
Total Mobility
41
Pressure Equation and Total Velocities
0
1 ,
,
'
1 int,
' ,
int
= +
! !
" # $ %
+
" # $ % =
+
bound
n bound
T
n
T
V V
& '
'
& && '
&&
( )
( )
!
"
!
#
$
% & ' =
% & = ' = ' =
+ +
+ + + +
bound
n bound n bound
T
n bound
T
n n n
T
n
T
n
T
p p T M V
p p T M V V
(
)) (
( ( ) ( ( (
) ) ( ( ) ) ))
1
) (
,
,
1 ,
,
int
1
'
1 int int,
,
1 int,
' ,
1 int,
' ,
'
42
Oil Saturation Equation
( )
0 ) )( (
) )( ( ) )( (
1 ,
,
'
1 int,
' , '
1 int,
' ,
1
int
= +
+ +
!
"
+
# $ % &
+
# $ % & =
" + + +
+
'
'
bound
n bound
T
n
o
n
T
n
o
n
T
n
o
n n
V S f
V S f V S f
t
S S
( )
) (
( (( )
(( ( (( (
( (
* (
int
' ,
int
' , ! ! !! o o
F F " =
bound
o
F
! ,
43
Total Mobilities
!
"
!
#
$
% &
' + (
<
=
+ + +
+
+
bound
n bound
T
n
o
n
w
n bound
T w
n bound
T
V if S M S M
V if M
M )
) ) * ) *
)
)
0 ) ( ) 1 (
0 ) 1 (
1 ,
,
1
) (
1
) (
1 ,
,
1 ,
,
int
1 int,
' ,
1
'
1
'
1 int,
' ,
1 1
1 int,
,
'
0 ) ( ) 1 (
0 ) ( ) 1 (
! " =
#
$
#
%
&
< + '
( + '
=
+ + +
+ + +
+
)) *
)) ) )
)) ) )
*
n
T
n
o
n
w
n
T
n
o
n
w
n
T
V if S M S M
V if S M S M
M
44
Initialization at n=0
p arbitrary
So=1-Swi
Total mobilities
int
0 int,
,
' ) 1 ( ) ( ! " = # + =
=
$$ %
% wi o wi w
n
T
S M S M M
!
"
!
#
$
% &
' +
=
=
bound
wi o wi w
w n bound
T
BOUNDARY OUPUT for S M S M
BOUNDARY INPUT for M
M (
(
) 1 ( ) (
) 1 (
0 ,
,
45
Computation of Saturations
S = S
n
Loop over inner faces: i=1,...,Nint
m1 = cellint(i,1)
m2 = cellint(i,2)
VTint(i) = MTint(i)*Tint(i)*(p(m1)-p(m2))
Voint(i) = fo(S(m1)) VTint(i)
+

+ fo(S(m2)) VTint(i)
-


S(m1) = S(m1) - Voint(i)*dt/(volume(m1)*phi)
S(m2) = S(m2) + Voint(i)*dt/(volume(m2)*phi)
Loop over boundary faces: i=1:Nbord
m = cellbound(i)
VTbound(i) = MTbound(i)*Tbound(i)*(p(m)-pbound(i))
Vobound(i) = fo(S(m)) VTbound(i)
+
S(m) = S(m) - Vobound(i)*dt/(volume(m)*phi)
46
CFL Condition
( )
! !
" # $ % " # $ %
+ + & + + +
+
= + + +
'
&
int
'
1 ,
, '
1
' ,
1 int,
' ,
1
0 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
( ( ( )
( ) ( (( ( ((
( (
* (
bound
n
o
n bound
T
n
o
n
T
n
o
n
T
n n
S f V S f V S f V
t
S S
( )
! !
" # $ %
& + + +
+
= &
'
'
(
)
*
*
+
,
&
&
& + &
'
'
(
)
*
*
+
,
&
&
& +
-
&
'
1 ,
, '
'
' 1 int,
' ,
1
0 ) 0 (
0
) 0 ( ) (
) ( ) (
) ( ) (
) (
. . /
.
.
.
/ . .
. .
. .
..
. .
0 .
bound
n
n
o
n
o n bound
T
n n
n n
n
o
n
o n
T
n n
S
S
f S f
V S S
S S
S f S f
V
t
S S
) ( ' sup 0
1 0 '
S f d
o S! !
! !
""
! ! ! !
" #
$
+ #
$
+
%
%
&
'
(
(
)
*
+
,
-
.
/
0
# + #
$
# =
1 2 3 4
# + + +
1 2 3 4
# + + + +
'
0
1 ,
, ' '
1 int,
' , 0
1 ,
,
'
'
1 int,
' ,
1
0 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 1
5 5 6
5 6 5 55 55
5 6
5 6
5
55 55 5 5
7 5 7 5 7 5 bound bound
d V
t
S d V
t
d V d V
t
S S
n bound
T
n n
T
n bound
T
n
T
n n
) ( ' sup ) ( ) ( sup
inf
1 0
1 ,
,
'
1 int,
' ,
1
S f V V
t
o S
n bound
T
n
T
n
bound
! !
"
# $ % &
+ + +
+
'
'
(
)
*
*
+
,
" + "
! -
. .
/ 0
0
/
//
/
/
1 /
0 ) (
int
'
1 ,
,
1 int,
' ,
= !
"
"
#
$
%
%
&
'
+ (
) )
* + , - =
* + , -
+ + n
o
n bound
T
n
T
S f V V
bord
.
. .. /
. /
/ ..
) ( ' sup 0
1 0 0
S f d
o S! !
! !
"
47
Two phase flow
Water injector wells
Producer well (oil + water)
Five spots 2D test case
Producer
Zero Flux
Water injector
48
Two phase flow
IMPES scheme with producer wells and water
injector wells
! ! !
" # $ % =
= & %
+
= & %
+ +
= + +
int
'
) (
1 ,
,
) (
1 ,
,
1 int,
' ,
0
' '' (
' ' ' '
''
i i
n inj
i T
i i
n prod
i T
n
T
inj prod
V V V
( )
( )
( )
!
!
"
!
!
#
$
% & ' =
% & ' =
( & = ' = ' =
'
+ +
+
+ +
+ + + +
inj
i w
n
i
n inj
i T
n inj
i T
prod
i w
n
i
n prod
i T
n prod
i T
n n n
T
n
T
n
T
i p p IP M V
i p p IP M V
p p T M V V
i
i
,
1
) (
,
,
1 ,
,
,
1
) (
,
,
1 ,
,
int
1
'
1 int int,
' ,
1 int,
' ,
1 int,
' ,
'
)
)
) ) * * ) ) ))
)) *
Scheme for the pressure equation and
computation of the total velocities
49
Two phase flow
IMPES scheme with producer wells and water
injector wells
( )
0 0
) (
) )( ( ) )( (
) (
1 ,
,
) (
1 ,
,
'
1 int,
' , '
1 int,
' ,
1
int
= ! +
+
+ +
"
#
$
$
$
= % &
+
= % &
+
' ( ) & =
# + + +
+
* *
* *
*
* ** +
** * ** *
* *
, *
i i
n inj
i T
i i
n prod
i T
n
o
n
T
n
o
n
T
n
o
n n
inj
prod
V
V S f
V S f V S f
t
S S
int
' ,
int
' , ! ! !! o o
F F " =
Monotonous explicit scheme
for the saturation equation
50
!
!
!
"
!
!
!
#
$
% & =
% & + ' =
( & =
"
#
$
< + '
) + '
=
+
+ + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+
inj
w
n inj
i T
prod n
i o
n
i w
n prod
i T
n n n
o
n
w
n n n
o
n
w n
T
i M M
i S M S M M
p p if S M S M
p p if S M S M
M
) 1 (
) ( ) 1 (
'
) ( ) 1 (
) ( ) 1 (
1 ,
,
1
) (
1
) (
1 ,
,
int
1
'
1 1
'
1
'
1
'
1 1 1
1 int,
,
* *
* * * *
* * * *
+
** +
Update of the total Mobilities with
upwinding in space
Two phase flow
IMPES scheme with producer wells and water
injector wells
51
Initialization at n=0
p=p0 (arbitrary)
So=1-Swi, Sw=Swi
Total Mobilities
!
"
!
#
$
% & =
% & ' + =
( & = ' + =
=
=
=
inj
w
n inj
i T
prod
wi o wi w
n prod
i T
wi o wi w
n
T
i M M
i S M S M M
S M S M M
) 1 (
) 1 ( ) (
' ) 1 ( ) (
0 ,
,
0 ,
,
int
0 int,
,
)) *
*
52
Computation of the saturation with
a loop on inner faces and wells
S = S
n

Loop over inner faces: i=1,...,Nint
m1=cellint(i,1)
m2=cellint(i,2)
VTint(i)=MTint(i)*Tint(i)*(p(m1)-p(m2))
Foint(i)=fo(S(m1)) VTint(i)
+

+ fo(S(m2)) VTint(i)
-


S(m1) = S(m1) - Foint(i)*dt/(volume(m1)*phi)
S(m2) = S(m2) + Foint(i)*dt/(volume(m2)*phi)
Loop over producers i=1:Pprod
m=cellwell(i)
VTwell(i)=MTwell(i)*IP(i)*(p(m)-pwell(i))+
Fowell(i)=fo(S(m))*VTwell(i)
S(m) = S(m) - Fowell(i)*dt/(volume(m)*phi)

53
CFL condition
( )
! !
" # $ % = & %
+ ' + + +
+
= + + +
(
'
int
' ) (
1 ,
, '
1
' ,
1 int,
' ,
1
0 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
) ) ) )
) ) )) ) ))
) )
* )
i i
n
o
n prod
i T
n
o
n
T
n
o
n
T
n n
prod
S f V S f V S f V
t
S S
( )
! !
= " #
+ + +
+
= $
%
%
&
'
(
(
)
*
$
$
$ + $
%
%
&
'
(
(
)
*
$
$
$ +
+
$
' ) (
1 ,
, '
'
' 1 int,
' ,
1
0 ) 0 (
0
) 0 ( ) (
) ( ) (
) ( ) (
) (
, , ,
,
,
,
, ,
, ,
, ,
,,
, ,
- ,
i i
n
n
o
n
o n inj
i T
n n
n n
n
o
n
o n
T
n n
inj
S
S
f S f
V S S
S S
S f S f
V
t
S S
) ( ' sup 0
1 0 '
S f d
o S! !
! !
""
! ! ! !
" #
$
+ #
$
+
%
%
&
'
(
(
)
*
+
+
,
-
.
.
/
0
# + #
$
# =
= 1 2
+ + +
= 1 2
+ + + +
' ) (
0
1 ,
, ' '
1 int,
' ,
) (
0
1 ,
,
'
'
1 int,
' ,
1
0 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 1
3 3 3
3 3 33 33
3 3
3
3
33 33 3 3
4 3 4 3 4 3
i i
n inj
i T
n n
T
i i
n inj
i T
n
T
n n
inj inj
d V
t
S d V
t
d V d V
t
S S
) ( ' sup ) ( ) ( sup
inf
1 0
) (
1 ,
,
'
1 int,
' ,
1
S f V V
t
o S
i i
n inj
i T
n
T
n
inj
! !
= " #
+ + +
+
$
$
%
&
'
'
(
)
* + *
! +
, ,
- - -
--
-
-
. -
0 ) (
int
'
) (
1 ,
,
) (
1 ,
,
1 int,
' ,
= !
"
"
#
$
%
%
&
'
+ + (
) ) )
* + , - =
= . -
+
= . -
+ + n
o
i i
n inj
i T
i i
n prod
i T
n
T
S f V V V
inj prod
/
/ // 0
/ / / /
//
) ( ' sup 0
1 0 0
S f d
o S! !
! !
"