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    Freedom at Midnight

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    Syed Faizan Haider
    On New Year's Day 1948 in London, England felt the melancholy of a great nation in decline after World War II. The city was nearly deserted as most citizens had little money or resources to celebrate. That sad day marked the end of the British Empire in India, which was now on the verge of independence after 300 years of colonial rule. At the midnight hour of August 15, 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru had declared "India will awake to life and freedom." Though Britain had defeated Hitler, the costs of war had left it bankrupt and its people exhausted. Freedom was dawning for India while in London, the New Year brought only cold reality for a nation learning to live within its shrunken means.

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    Freedom at Midnight

    Uploaded by

    Syed Faizan Haider
    629 views531 pages
    On New Year's Day 1948 in London, England felt the melancholy of a great nation in decline after World War II. The city was nearly deserted as most citizens had little money or resources to celebrate. That sad day marked the end of the British Empire in India, which was now on the verge of independence after 300 years of colonial rule. At the midnight hour of August 15, 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru had declared "India will awake to life and freedom." Though Britain had defeated Hitler, the costs of war had left it bankrupt and its people exhausted. Freedom was dawning for India while in London, the New Year brought only cold reality for a nation learning to live within its shrunken means.

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    By Larry

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    On New Year's Day 1948 in London, England felt the melancholy of a great nation in decline after World War II. The city was nearly deserted as most citizens had little money or resources to celebrate. That sad day marked the end of the British Empire in India, which was now on the verge of independence after 300 years of colonial rule. At the midnight hour of August 15, 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru had declared "India will awake to life and freedom." Though Britain had defeated Hitler, the costs of war had left it bankrupt and its people exhausted. Freedom was dawning for India while in London, the New Year brought only cold reality for a nation learning to live within its shrunken means.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    629 views531 pages

    Freedom at Midnight

    Uploaded by

    Syed Faizan Haider
    On New Year's Day 1948 in London, England felt the melancholy of a great nation in decline after World War II. The city was nearly deserted as most citizens had little money or resources to celebrate. That sad day marked the end of the British Empire in India, which was now on the verge of independence after 300 years of colonial rule. At the midnight hour of August 15, 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru had declared "India will awake to life and freedom." Though Britain had defeated Hitler, the costs of war had left it bankrupt and its people exhausted. Freedom was dawning for India while in London, the New Year brought only cold reality for a nation learning to live within its shrunken means.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 531

    AN OLD MAN AND

    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    BY THE SAME AUTHORS
    O Jerusalem!
    Is Paris Burning ?
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    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    $is#ri= (r=ess $a" ine+i#a/l% #
    /egin /% eC#en"ing ,ree"m #
    #$e +as#1 "ensel% ((ula#e" lan"
    Bri#ain s#ill rule" ,rm #$e
    *$%/er Pass # &a(e &mrin D
    In"ia6 T$a# su(er/ an" s$ame,ul
    ins#i#u#in1 #$e Bri#is$ RaB1 2as
    #$e =rners#ne an" Bus#i,i=a#in
    , #$e Em(ire1 i#s ms#
    remar.a/le a==m(lis$men# an"
    i#s ms# =ns#an# =are6 In"ia 2i#$
    i#s Bengal Lan=ers an" i#s sil.D
    r/e" Ma$araBas1 i#s #iger $un#s
    an" i#s (l mai"ans1 i#s (ugree
    $elme#s an" i#s =$#a (egs ,
    2$is.%1 i#s r%al ele($an#s
    =a(arisne" in gl"
    ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#
    an" i#s s#ar+ing sa"$us1 i#s
    mulliga#a2n% su(s an" $aug$#%
    memDsa$i/s1 $a" in=arna#e" #$e
    im(erial "ream6 T$e $an"sme
    rearDa"miral s#e((ing ,rm $is
    =ar $a" /een =alle" # 34
    D2ning S#ree# # en" #$a#
    "ream6
    Luis !ran=is Al/er# -i=#r
    Ni=$las Mun#/a##en1 -is=un#
    Mun#/a##en , Burma 2as1 a#
    A91 ne , #$e ms# n#e" ,igures
    in Englan"6 He 2as a /ig man1
    +er siC ,ee# #all1 /u# n# a #ra=e
    , ,la/ $ung ,rm $is Qealusl%
    eCer=ise" 2ais# line6 Des(i#e #$e
    #erri/le /ur"ens $e'" =arrie" in
    #$e (as# siC %ears1 #$e ,a=e1
    ,amiliar # millins , #$e
    rea"ers , $is =un#r%'s (enn%
    (ress1 2as remar.a/l% ,ree , #$e
    s=ars , s#rain an" #ensin6 His
    ,ea#ures1 s as#nis$ingl% regular
    #$a# #$e% seeme"1 alms#1 # $a+e
    /een =n=ei+e" as a (r##%(e ,
    ,a=ial "esign1 $is un"iminis$e"
    s$=. , "ar. $air se##ing ,, $is
    $aQel e%es1 =ns(ire" # ma.e
    $im seem a g" ,i+e %ears
    %unger #$an $e 2as #$is
    Januar% mrning6
    SMun#/a##en .ne2 2ell 2$%
    $e'" /een summne" # Ln"n6
    Sin=e $is re#urn ,rm $is (s# as
    Su(reme Allie" &mman"er
    Su#$DEas# Asia1 $e'" /een a
    ,re'uen# +isi#r # D2ning
    S#ree# as a =nsul#an# n #$e
    a,,airs , #$e na#ins 2$i=$ $a"
    ,allen un"er SEA&'s =mman"6
    On $is las# +isi#1 $2e+er1 #$e
    Prime Minis#er's 'ues#ins $a"
    'ui=.l% ,=use" n a na#in #$a#
    $a" n# /een (ar# , $is #$ea#re
    , (era#ins1 In"ia6 T$e %ung
    a"miral $a" su""enl% $a" a '+er%
    nas#%1 +er% uneas% ,eeling'6 His
    (remni#in $a" /een Bus#i,ie"6
    A##lee in#en"e" # name $im
    -i=er% , In"ia6 T$e -i=er%'s
    2as #$e ms# im(r#an# (s# in
    #$e em(ire1 #$e ,,i=e ,rm
    2$i=$ a lng su==essin ,
    Englis$men $a" $el" "main
    +er #$e "es#inies , a ,i,#$ ,
    man.in"6 Mun#/a##en's #as.1
    $2e+er1 2ul" n# /e # rule
    In"ia ,rm #$a# ,,i=e6 His
    assignmen# 2ul" /e ne , #$e
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    ms# (ain,ul an Englis$man
    =ul" /e as.e" # un"er#a.e1 #
    gi+e i# u(6
    Mun#/a##en 2an#e" n (ar# ,
    #$e B/6 He en#irel% en"rse" #$e
    i"ea #$a# #$e #ime $a" =me ,r
    Bri#ain # lea+e In"ia6 His $ear#1
    $2e+er1 re/elle" a# #$e #$ug$#
    #$a# i# 2ul" /e $e 2$ 2ul"
    /e =alle" n # se+er #$e an=ien#
    lin.s /in"ing Bri#ain an" #$e
    /ul2ar. , $er em(ire6 T
    "is=urage A##lee $e $a" #$r2n
    u( a 2$le series , "eman"s1
    maBr an" minr1 ,rm #$e
    num/er , se=re#aries $e'" /e
    all2e" # #a.e 2i#$ $im # #$e
    air=ra,#1 #$e Yr. M@345 $e'"
    em(l%e" in Su#$eas# Asia1
    2$i=$ 2ul" /e (la=e" a# $is
    "is(sal6 A##lee1 # $is "isma%1
    $a" agree" #$em all6 N21
    en#ering #$e &a/ine# Rm1 #$e
    a"miral s#ill $(e" sme$2 #
    resis# A##lee's e,,r#s # ,r=e #$e
    In"ian assignmen# n $im6
    @i#$ $is sall2 =m(leCin1 $is
    in"i,,eren#l% #rimme"
    mus#a=$e1 $is s$a(eless #2ee"
    sui#s 2$i=$ seeme" /liss,ull%
    ignran# , a
    8
    'a ra=e "es#ine" # g+ern an"
    su/"ue'
    (ressing irn's =aress1 #$e man
    2ai#ing ,r Mun#/a##en eCu"e"
    in $is "emeanur sme#$ing ,
    #$a# gre% an" "rear% =i#% #$rug$
    2$i=$ #$e a"miral's =ar $a" Bus#
    (asse"6LT$a# $e1 a La/ur Prime
    Minis#er1 s$ul" 2an# a
    glamrus1 (lD(la%ing
    mem/er , #$e r%al ,amil% #
    ,ill #$e ms# =ri#i=al (si#in in
    #$e em(ire #$a# La/ur 2as
    (le"ge" # "isman#le1 seeme"1 a#
    ,irs# sig$#1 an in=ngruus i"ea6
    T$ere 2as mu=$ mre #
    Mun#/a##en1 $2e+er1 #$an $is
    (u/li= image in"i=a#e"6 T$e
    "e=ra#ins n $is na+al uni,rm
    2ere (r, , #$a#6 T$e (u/li=
    mig$# =nsi"er $im a (illar ,
    #$e Es#a/lis$men#T #$e
    Es#a/lis$men# #$emsel+es #en"e"
    # regar" Mun#/a##en an" $is
    2i,e as "angerus ra"i=als6 His
    =mman" in Su#$eas# Asia $a"
    gi+en $im a .n2le"ge , Asian
    na#inalis# m+emen#s ,e2 in
    Englan" =ul" ma#=$6 He $a"
    "eal# 2i#$ #$e su((r#ers , H
    &$i Min$ in In"D&$ina1
    Su.arn in In"nesia1 Aung San
    in Burma1 &$inese &mmunis#s
    in Mala%a1 unrul% #ra"e uninis#s
    in Singa(re6 RealiQing #$e%
    re(resen#e" Asia's ,u#ure1 $e $a"
    sug$# a==mm"a#ins 2i#$
    #$em ra#$er #$an1 as $is s#a,, an"
    Allies $a" urge"1 #r%ing #
    su((ress #$em6 T$e na#inalis#
    m+emen# 2i#$ 2$i=$ $e 2ul"
    $a+e # "eal i, $e 2en# # In"ia
    2as #$e l"es# an" ms# unusual
    , #$em all6 In a 'uar#er , a
    =en#ur% , ins(ire" agi#a#in an"
    (r#es#1 i#s lea"ers$i( $a" ,r=e"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    $is#r%'s grea#es# em(ire # #$e
    "e=isin A##lee's Par#% $a" #a.enH
    le# Bri#ain lea+e In"ia in g"
    #ime ra#$er #$an /e "ri+en u# /%
    #$e ,r=es , $is#r% an"
    arme" re/eUin
    T$e Prime liJinis#er /egan /%
    re+ie2ing #$e In"ian s=ene6 T$e
    In"ian si#ua#in1 $e sai"1 2as
    "e#erira#ing 2i#$ e+er% (assing
    "a% an" #$e #ime ,r urgen#
    "e=isin 2as a# $an"6 I# 2as ne
    , #$e (ara"Ces , $is#r% #$a#
    a# #$is =ri#i=al Bun=#ure1 2$en
    Bri#ain 2as a# las# rea"% # gi+e
    In"ia $er ,ree"m1 s$e =ul" n#
    ,in" a 2a% # " s6 @$a# s$ul"
    $a+e /een Bri#ain's ,ines# $ur in
    In"ia seeme" "es#ine" # /e=me
    a nig$#mare , unsur(assa/le
    $rrr6 S$e $a" =n'uere" an"
    rule" In"ia 2i#$ 2$a# 2as1 /%
    =lnial s#an"ar"s1 rela#i+el%
    li##le /l"s$e"6 Her lea+ing i#
    #$rea#ene" # (r"u=e an
    eC(lsin , +ilen=e #$a# 2uB"
    "2ar, in s=ale an" magni#u"e
    an%#$ing In"ia $a" eC(erien=e"
    in #$ree an" a $al, =en#uries6
    T$e r# , #$e (r/lem 2as #$e
    age l" an#agnism /e#2een
    In"ia's ?44 millin Hin"us an"
    344 millin Mslems6 Sus#aine"
    /% #ra"i#in1 /% an#i(a#$e#i=
    religins1 /% e=nmi=
    "i,,eren=es1 su/#l% eCa=er/a#e"
    #$rug$ #$e %ears /%
    Bri#aBirrSCi2BnBBBi=%B, Di+i"e
    an" Rule1 #$eir =n,li=# $a"
    rea=$e"TJiling (in#6 T$e
    Mslem lea"ers n2D"eman"e"
    #$a# Bri#ain ri( a(ar# #$e uni#%
    s$e $a" s (ains#a.ingl% ere=#e"
    # gi+e #$em an Islami= s#a#eF ,
    #$eir 2n6 T$e =s#
    ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#
    , "en%ing #$em #$eir s#a#e1 #$e%
    2arne"1 2ul" /e #$e /l"ies#
    =i+il 2ar in Asian $is#r%6
    Jus# as "e#ermine" # resis# #$eir
    "eman"s 2ere #$e lea"ers , #$e
    &ngress Par#% re(resen#ing
    ms# , In"ia's ?44 millin
    Hin"us6 T #$em1 #$e "i+isin ,
    #$e su/D=n#inen# 2ul" /e a
    mu#ila#in , #$eir $is#ri=
    $melan" alms# sa=rilegius in
    i#s na#ure6
    Bri#ain 2as #ra((e" /e#2een
    #$se #2 a((aren#l%
    irre=n=ila/le (si#ins1 sin.ing
    sl2l% in# a 'uagmire ,rm
    2$i=$ s$e seeme" una/le #
    eC#ri=a#e $ersel,6 Time an" again
    Bri#is$ e,,r#s # resl+e #$e
    (r/lem $a" ,aile"6 S "es(era#e
    $a" #$e si#ua#in /e=me1 #$a#
    #$e (resen# -i=er%1 an $nes#1
    ,r#$rig$# sl"ier1 !iel"DMars$al
    Sir Ar=$i/al" @a+ell1 $a" Bus#
    su/mi##e" # #$e A##lee
    g+ernmen# $is las#D"i#=$
    re=mmen"a#ins6 S$ul" all
    else ,ail1 $e sugges#e" #$e Bri#is$
    annun=e '2e (r(se #
    2i#$"ra2 ,rm In"ia in ur 2n
    me#$" an" in ur 2n #ime an"
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    2i#$ "ue regar" # ur 2n
    in#eres#sT an" #in# 2e 2ill regar"
    an% a##em(# # in#er,ere 2i#$ ur
    (rgramme as an a=# , 2ar
    2$i=$ 2e 2ill mee# 2i#$ all #$e
    resur=es a# ur =mman"6'
    Bri#ain an" In"ia1 A##lee #l"
    Mun#/a##en1 2ere $ea"ing
    #2ar"s a maBr "isas#er6 T$e
    si#ua#in =ul" n# /e all2e" #
    g n6 @a+ell 2as a man ,
    (ain,ull% ,e2 2r"s1 an"1 A##lee
    sai"1 $e'" /een una/le #
    es#a/lis$ an% real =n#a=# 2i#$
    $is l'ua=ius In"ian
    in#erl=u#rs6J''
    A ,res$ ,a=e1 a ,res$ a((ra=$
    2as "es(era#el% nee"e" i, a
    =risis 2ere # /e a+er#e"6 Ea=$
    mrning1 A##lee re+eale"1
    /rug$# i#s /a#=$ , =a/les # #$e
    In"ia O,,i=e annun=ing an
    u#/urs# , 2an#n sa+ager% in
    sme ne2 =rner , In"ia6 I#
    2as1 $e in"i=a#e"1 Mun#D
    /a##en's slemn "u#% # #a.e #$e
    (s# $e'" /een ,,ere"6>
    A sense , ,re/"ing $a" /een
    ,illing MUn#/a##en as $e
    lis#ene" # #$e Prime Minis#er's
    2r"s6 He s#ill #$ug$# In"ia 2as
    'an a/slu#el% $(eless
    (r(si#in'6 He li.e" an"
    a"mire" @a+ell 2i#$ 2$m $e'"
    ,#en "is=usse" In"ia's (r/lems
    "uring $is regular
    > Al#$ug$ Mun#/a##en "i"n'#
    .n2 i#1 #$e i"ea , sen"ing $im
    # In"ia $a" /een sugges#e" #
    A##lee /% #$e man a# #$e Prime
    Minis#er's si"e1 $is &$an=ellr ,
    #$e EC=$e'uer1 Sir S#a,,r"
    &ri((s6 I# $a" =me u( a# a
    se=re# =n+ersa#in in Ln"n in
    De=em/er1 /e#2een &ri((s an"
    *ris$na Menn1 an u#s(.en
    In"ian le,#D2inger an" in#ima#e
    , #$e &ngress lea"er
    Ja2a$arlal Ne$ru6 Menn $a"
    sugges#e" # &ri((s an" Ne$ru
    #$a# &ngress sa2 li##le $(e ,
    (rgress in In"ia s lng as
    @a+ell 2as -i=er%6 In res(nse
    # a 'uer% ,rm #$e Bri#is$
    lea"er1 $e $a" a"+an=e" #$e
    name , a man Ne$ru $el" in #$e
    $ig$es# regar"1 Luis
    Mun#/a##en6 A2are #$a#
    Mun#/al#en's use,ulness 2ul"
    /e "es#r%e" i, In"ia's Mslem
    lea"ers learne" , #$e genesis ,
    $is a((in#men# #$e #2 men
    $a" agree" # re+eal #$e "e#ails
    , #$eir #al. # n ne6 Menn
    re+eale" #$e "e#ails , $is
    =n+ersa#in 2i#$ &ri((s in a
    series , =n+ersa#ins 2i#$ ne
    , #$e au#$rs in Ne2 Del$i in
    !e/ruar% 378?1 a %ear /e,re $is
    "ea#$6
    'A RA&E DESTINED TO
    )O-ERN AND SUBDUE' 7
    +isi#s # Del$i as Su(reme Allie"
    &mman"er in Su#$eas# Asia6
    @a+ell $a" ail #$e rig$# i"eas1
    Mun#/a##en #$ug$#6 I, $e
    =ul"n'# " i#1 2$a#'s #$e (in# ,
    m% #r%ing # #a.e i# n? Ye# $e
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    2as /eginning # un"ers#an"
    #$ere 2as n es=a(e6 He 2as
    ging # /e ,r=e" # a==e(# a
    B/ in 2$i=$ #$e ris. , ,ailure
    2as enrmus an" in 2$i=$ $e
    =ul" easil% s$a##er #$e /rillian#
    re(u#a#in $e'" /rug$# u# ,
    #$e 2ar6
    I, A##lee 2as ging # ,r=e i# n
    $im1 $2e+er1 Mun#/a##en 2as
    "e#ermine" # im(se n #$e
    Prime Minis#er #$e (li#i=al
    =n"i#ins #$a# 2ul" gi+e $im
    a# leas# sme $(es , su==ess6
    His #al.s 2i#$ @a+ell $a" gi+en
    $im an i"ea 2$a# #$e% 2ere6
    He 2ul" n# a==e(#1 $e #l" #$e
    Prime Minis#er1 unless #$e
    g+ernmen# agree" # ma.e an
    une'ui+=al (u/li=
    annun=emen# , #$e (re=ise
    "a#e n 2$i=$ Bri#is$ ri,le in
    In"ia 2ul" #ermina#e6 Onl%
    #$a#1 FMun#/a##en ,el#1 2ul"
    =n+in=e In"ia's Fs=e(#i=al
    in#elligen#sia #$a# Bri#ain 2as
    reall% lea+ing an" in,use $er
    lea"ers 2i#$ #$e sense , urgen=%
    nee"e" # ge# #$em in# realis#i=
    neg#ia#ins6>
    Se=n"1 $e "eman"e" sme#$ing
    n #$er -i=er% $a" e+er
    "reame" , as.ing1 ,ull (2ers
    # =arr% u# $is assignmen#
    2i#$u# re,eren=e # Ln"n
    an"1 a/+e all1 2i#$u# =ns#an#
    in#er,eren=e ,rm Ln"n6 T$e
    A##lee g+ernmen# =ul" gi+e
    #$e %ung a"miral $is ,inal
    "es#ina#in /u# $e1 an" $e alne1
    2as ging # se# $is =urse an"
    run #$e s$i( alng #$e 2a%6
    'Surel%1' A##lee as.e"1 '%u're n#
    as.ing ,r (leni(#en#iar%
    (2ers a/+e His MaBes#%'s
    )+ernmen#1 are %u?'
    'I am a,rai"1 Sir1' ans2ere"
    Mun#/a##en1 '#$a# #$a# is eCa=#l%
    2$a# I am as.ing6 H2 =an I
    (ssi/l% neg#ia#e 2i#$ #$e
    &a/ine# =ns#an#l% /rea#$ing
    "2n m% ne=.?'
    A s#unne" silen=e ,ll2e" $is
    2r"s6 Mun#/a##en 2a#=$e"
    2i#$ sa#is,a=#in as #$e na#ure ,
    $is /rea#$#a.ing "eman"
    regis#ere" n #$e Prime
    Minis#er's ,a=e1 $(ing1 as $e
    "i"1 #$a# i# 2ul" (rm(# A##lee
    # 2i#$"ra2 $is ,,er6
    Ins#ea"1 #$e Prime Minis#er
    in"i=a#e" 2i#$ a sig$ $is
    2illingness # a==e(# e+en #$a#6
    An $ur la#er1 s$ul"ers sagging1
    Mun#/a##en emerge" ,rm #$e
    (r#al , D2ning S#ree#6 He
    .ne2 $e 2as =n"emne" #
    /e=me In"ia's las# -i=er%1 #$e
    eCe=u#iner1 in a sense1 , $is
    =un#r%men's ,n"es# im(erial
    "ream6
    )e##ing /a=. in# $is =ar1 a
    s#range #$ug$# s#ru=. $im6 I#
    2as eCa=#l% se+en#% %ears1
    alms# # #$e $ur1 ,rm #$e
    mmen# $is 2n grea#D
    gran"m#$er $a" /een
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    (r=laime" Em(ress , In"ia n
    a (lain
    > @a+ell # $a" re=mmen"e"
    a #ime limi# # A##lee "uring a
    Ln"n +isi# in De=em/er 37A96
    34
    ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#
    u#si"e Del$i6 In"ia's (rin=es1
    assem/le" ,r #$e ==asin1 $a"
    /egge" #$e $ea+ens #$a# "a% #$a#
    Lueen -i=#ria's '(2er an"
    s+ereign#%' mig$# 'remain
    s#ea",as# ,re+er'6
    N21 n #$is Ne2 Year's
    mrning ne , $er grea#D
    gran"sns $a" ini#ia#e" #$e
    (r=ess 2$i=$ 2ul" ,iC #$e "a#e
    n 2$i=$ ',re+er' 2ul" =me
    # an en"6S Ba-A
    > > >
    His#r%'s ms# gran"ise
    a==m(lis$men#s =an sme#imes
    $a+e #$e ms# /anal , rigins6
    )rea# Bri#ain 2as se# n #$e ra"
    # #$e grea# =lnial a"+en#ure
    ,r ,i+e misera/le s$illings6 T$e%
    re(resen#e" #$e in=rease in #$e
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    in a "e=re(i# /uil"ing n
    Lea"enD$all S#ree#6 T$eir
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    RaB6
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    De=em/er 30771 2$en Lueen
    EliQa/e#$ I signe" a r%al =$ar#er
    assigning i# eC=lusi+e #ra"ing
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    AN OLD MAN AND
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    35
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    'A RA&E DESTINED TO
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    3A

    ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#

    'a ra=e "es#ine" # g+ern an"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    su/"ue' 30

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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    T$e grea# (as#ime , #$e Bri#is$
    in In"ia 2as s(r#6 A l+e ,
    =ri=.e#1 #ennis1 s'uas$ an"
    $=.e% 2ul" /e1 2i#$ #$e
    Englis$ language1 #$e ms#
    en"uring $eri#age #$e% 2ul"
    lea+e /e$in"6 )l, 2as
    in#r"u=e" in &al=u##a in 3:571
    ?4 %ears /e,re i# rea=$e" Ne2
    Yr.1 an" #$e 2rl"'s $ig$es#
    =urse lai" u# in #$e Himala%as
    a# 331444 ,ee#6 N gl, /ag 2as
    =nsi"ere" mre =$i= n #$se
    =urses #$an ne ma"e , an
    ele($an#'s (enis D (r+i"e"1 ,
    =urse1 i#s 2ner $a" s$# #$e
    /eas# $imsel,6
    T$e Bri#is$ (la%e" in In"ia /u#
    #$e% "ie" #$ere1 #1 in +er% grea#
    num/ers1 ,#en %ung6 E+er%
    =an#nmen# =$ur=$ $a" i#s
    a"Ba=en# gra+e%ar" # 2$i=$ #$e
    li##le =mmuni#% mig$# =arr% i#s
    regular ,l2 , "ea"1 +i=#ims ,
    In"ia's =ruel =lima#e1 $er
    (e=uliar $aQar"s1 $er e(i"emi=s
    , malaria1 =$lera1 Bungle ,e+er6
    N mre (ignan# a==un# , #$e
    Bri#is$ in In"ia 2as e+er 2ri##en
    #$an #$a# ins=ri/e" un #$e
    #m/s#nes , #$se =eme#eries6
    E+en in "ea#$ In"ia 2as ,ai#$,ul
    # i#s legen"s6 L# S# J$n S$a2e1
    , #$e R%al Hrse Ar#iller%1
    '"ie" , 2un"s re=ei+e" ,rm a
    (an#$er n 35 Ma% 3:991 a#
    &$in"2ara'6 MaB6 Ar=$i/al"
    Hi//er#1 "ie" 30 June 37451 near
    Rai(ur a,#er '/eing gre" /% a
    /isn'1 an" Harris M=Luai" 2as
    '#ram(le" /% an ele($an#' a#
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    Saug$1 9 June 37456 T$mas
    Henr% Bu#ler1 an A==un#an# in
    #$e Pu/li= @r.s De(ar#men#1
    Ju//ul(re1 $a" #$e mis,r#une
    in 3:78 # /e 'ea#en /% a #iger in
    Tilman !res#'6
    In"ian ser+i=e $a" i#s /iQarre
    $aQar"s6 Sis#er Mar% , #$e
    &$ur=$ , Englan" !reign
    Missinar% Ser+i=es "ie" a# #$e
    age , ??1 '*ille" 2$ile #ea=$ing
    a# #$e Missin S=$l Sin.a
    2$en a /eam ea#en #$rug$ /%
    2$i#e an#s ,ell n $er $ea"'6
    MaBr )eneral Henr% Marin
    Duran" , #$e R%al Engineers1
    me# $is "ea#$ n Ne2 Year's Da%
    3:83 'in =nse'uen=e , inBuries
    re=ei+e" ,rm a ,all ,rm a
    H2"a$ 2$ile (assing $is
    ele($an# #$rug$ Duran" )a#e1
    Tn.'6 Des(i#e $is engineering
    /a=.grun"1 #$e general $a"
    ,aile" #$a# mrning # rea=$ a
    Bus# a((re=ia#in , #$e
    "i,,eren=e in $eig$# /e#2een #$e
    ar=$2a% an" $is ele($an#6 T$ere
    (r+e" # /e rm un"er i# ,r
    #$e ele($an#1 /u# nne ,r $im6

    39

    ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#

    'a ra=e "es#ine" # g+ern an"
    sui"ue' 38

    N sig$# #$se gra+e%ar"s
    ,,ere" 2as sa""er1 nr mre
    (ignan#l% re+ealing , #$e
    $uman (ri=e #$e Bri#is$ (ai" ,r
    #$eir In"ian a"+en#ure1 #$an #$eir
    r2s u(n r2s , un"ersiQe"
    gra+es6 T$e% =r2"e" e+er%
    =eme#er% in In"ia in a((alling
    num/ers6 T$e% 2ere #$e gra+es
    , =$il"ren1 =$il"ren an" in,an#s
    .ille" in a =lima#e ,r 2$i=$ #$e%
    $a" n# /een /re"1 /% "iseases
    #$e% 2ul" ne+er $a+e .n2n in
    #$eir na#i+e Englan"6
    Sme#imes a lne #m/1
    sme#imes #$ree r ,ur in a r21
    #$se , an en#ire ,amil% 2i(e"
    u# /% =$lera r Bungle ,e+er1
    #$e e(i#a($s u(n #$se gra+es
    2ere a (aren#s' $ear#/rea. ,rQen
    in s#neH Tn memr% , (r
    li##le @ill%1 #$e /el+e" an" nl%
    =$il" , Bm/er @illiam Tal/#
    an" Margare# A"elai"e Tal/#1
    #$e R%al Hrse Briga"e1 Brn
    Del$i 3A De=em/er 3:956 Die"
    Del$i 38 Jul% 3:9?6'
    In Asigar$1 #2 s#nes si"e /%
    si"e ,,er ,r e#erni#% #$e
    measure , 2$a# Englan"'s
    glrius im(erial a"+en#ure
    mean# # man% an r"inar%
    Englis$man6 '37 A(ril 3:A06
    AleCan"er1 8Dmn#$Dl" sn ,
    &n"u=#r J$nsn an" Mar#$a
    S=##6 Die" , =$lera1' rea"s #$e
    ,irs#6 T$e se=n"1 /esi"e i#1
    rea"sH '?4 A(ril 3:A01 @illiam
    J$n1 AD%earDl" sn ,
    &n"u=#r J$nsn an" Mar#$a
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    S=##6 Die" , =$lera6' Un"er
    #$em1 n a larger s#ne1 #$eir
    grie+ing (aren#s =$iselle" a las#
    ,are2ellH
    One /lessing1 ne sire1 ne
    2m/
    T$eir /eing ga+e6
    T$e% $a" ne mr#al si=.ness
    An" s$are ne gra+e
    !ar ,rm an Englan" #$e% ne+er
    .ne26
    O/s=ure =ler.s r "as$ing
    /la"es1 #$se genera#ins ,
    Bri#ns (li=e" an" a"minis#ere"
    In"ia as n ne /e,re #$em $a"6
    T$eir rule 2as (a#ernalis#i=1 #$a#
    , #$e l" (u/li= s=$lmas#er
    "is=i(lining an unrul% /an" ,
    /%s1 ,r=ing n #$em #$e
    e"u=a#in $e 2as sure 2as g"
    ,r #$em6 @i#$ an ==asinal
    eC=e(#in #$e% 2ere a/le an"
    in=rru(#i/le1 "e#ermine" #
    a"minis#er In"ia in i#s 2n /es#
    in#eres#s D /u# i# 2as al2a%s #$e%
    2$ "e=i"e" 2$a# #$se in#eres#s
    2ere1 n# #$e In"ians #$e%
    g+erne"6
    T$eir grea# 2ea.ness 2as #$e
    "is#an=e ,rm 2$i=$ #$e%
    eCer=ise" #$eir au#$ri#%1 #$e
    #erri/le smugness se##ing #$em
    a(ar# ,rm #$se #$e% rule"6
    Ne+er 2as #$a# a##i#u"e , ra=ial
    su(eriri#% summe" u( mre
    su==in=#l% #$an /% a ,rmer
    ,,i=er , #$e In"ian &i+il
    Ser+i=e in a (arliamen#ar%
    "e/a#e a# #$e #urn , #$e =en#ur%6
    T$ere 2as1 $e sai"1 'a =$eris$e"
    =n+i=#in s$are" /% e+er%
    Englis$man in In"ia1 ,r(m #$e
    $ig$es# # #$e l2es#1 /% #$e
    (lan#er's assis#an# in $is lnel%
    /ungal2 an" /% #$e e"i#r in
    #$e ,ull lig$# , $is (resi"en=%
    #2n1 ,rm #$e &$ie,
    &mmissiner in =$arge , an
    im(r#an# (r+in=e # #$e
    -i=er% u(n $is #$rne D #$e
    =n+i=#in in e+er% man #$a# $e
    /elngs # a ra=e 2$i=$ )" $as
    "es#ine" # g+ern an" su/"ue'6
    T$e massa=re , 9:41444
    mem/ers , #$a# ra=e in #$e
    #ren=$es , @rl" @ar I 2r#e an
    en" # #$e legen" , a =er#ain
    In"ia6 A 2$le genera#in ,
    %ung men 2$ mig$# $a+e
    (a#rlle" #$e !rn#ier1
    a"minis#ere" #$e lnel% "is#ri=#s
    r gall(e" #$eir (l (nies
    "2n #$e lng mai"ans 2as le,#
    /e$in" in !lan"ers ,iel"s6 !rm
    373: re=rui#ing ,r #$e In"ian
    &i+il Ser+i=e /e=ame
    in=reasingl% "i,,i=ul#6
    In=reasingl%1 In"ians 2ere
    a==e(#e" in# #$e ran.s /#$ ,
    #$e =i+il ser+i=e an" #$e ,,i=er
    =r(s6
    On Ne2 Year's Da% 37A81 /arel%
    a #$usan" Bri#is$ mem/ers ,
    #$e In"ian &i+il Ser+i=e
    remaine" in In"ia1 s#ill sme$2
    $l"ing A44 millin (e(le in
    #$eir a"minis#ra#i+e gras(6 T$e%
    2ere #$e las# s#an"ar" /earers ,
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    an eli#e #$a# $a" u#li+e" i#s
    #ime1 =n"emne" a# las# /% a
    se=re# =n+ersa#in in Ln"n
    an" #$e ineCra/le =urren#s ,
    $is#r%6

    '2al. alne1 2al. alne'

    37

    '@al. Alne1 @al. Alne'
    Sriram(ur1 Na.$ali1 Ne2 Year's
    Da%1 37A8
    SiC #$usan" miles ,rm
    D2ning S#ree#1 in a +illage ,
    #$e )ange#i= Del#a a/+e #$e
    Ba% , Bengal1 an el"erl% man
    s#re#=$e" u# n #$e "ir# ,lr ,
    a (easan#'s $u#6 I# 2as eCa=#l%
    #2el+e nn6 As $e "i" e+er%
    "a% a# #$a# $ur1 $e rea=$e" u(
    ,r #$e "ri((ing 2e# =##n sa=.
    #$a# an assis#an# ,,ere" $im6
    Dar. s(l#=$es , #$e mu"
    (a=.e" insi"e i# Qe" #$rug$
    #$e /ag's (rus ,l"s6 T$e man
    =are,ull% (a##e" #$e sa=. n #
    $is a/"men6 T$en $e #. a
    se=n"1 smaller /ag an" s#u=. i#
    n $is /al" $ea"6
    He seeme"1 l%ing #$ere n #$e
    ,lr1 a ,ragile li##le =rea#ure6 T$e
    a((earan=e 2as "e=e(#i+e6 T$a#
    2iQene" 88D%earDl" man
    /eaming u# ,rm un"er $is
    mu"(a=. $a" "ne mre #
    #((le #$e Bri#is$ Em(ire #$an
    an% man ali+e6 I# 2as /e=ause ,
    $im #$a# a Bri#is$ Prime Minis#er
    $a" ,inall% /een /lige" # sen"
    Lueen -i=#ria's grea#Dgran"sn
    # Ne2 Del$i # ,in" a 2a% #
    gi+e In"ia $er ,ree"m6
    M$an"as *aram=$an" )an"$i
    2as an unli.el% re+lu#inar%1
    #$e gen#le (r($e# , #$e 2rl"'s
    ms# eC#rar"inar% li/era#in
    m+emen#6 Besi"e $im1
    =are,ull% (lis$e"1 2ere #$e
    "en#ures $e 2re nl% 2$en
    ea#ing an" #$e s#eelDrimme"
    glasses #$rug$ 2$i=$ $e usuall%
    (eere" u# a# #$e 2rl"6 He 2as
    a #in% man1 /arel% ,i+e ,ee# #all1
    2eig$ing 33A (un"sT all arms
    an" legs li.e an a"les=en#
    2$se #run. $as %e# # ri+al #$e
    gr2#$ , $is lim/s6 Na#ure $a"
    mean# )an"$i's ,a=e # /e ugl%6
    His ears ,lare" u# ,rm $is
    +ersiQe" $ea" li.e #$e $an"les
    , a sugar /2l6 His nse
    /u##resse" /% s'ua#1 ,laring
    ns#rils #$rus# i#s $ea+% /ea.
    +er a s(arse 2$i#e mus#a=$e6
    @i#$u# $is "en#ures1 $is ,ull li(s
    =lla(se" +er $is ##$less
    gums6 Ye# )an"$i's ,a=e ra"ia#e"
    a (e=uliar /eau#% /e=ause i# 2as
    =ns#an#l% anima#e"1 re,le=#ing
    2i#$ #$e 'ui=.l% s$i,#ing (a##erns
    , a magi= lan#ern $is =$anging
    m"s an" $is im(is$ $umur6
    T a =en#ur% ,raug$# 2i#$
    +ilen=e1 )an"$i $a" ,,ere" an
    al#erna#i+e1 $is "=#rine ,
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    a$imsa D nnD+ilen=e6 He $a"
    use" i# # m/iliQe #$e masses ,
    In"ia # "ri+e Englan" ,rm #$e
    su/D=n#inen# 2i#$ a mral
    =rusa"e ins#ea" , an arme"
    re/ellin1 (ra%ers ins#ea" ,
    ma=$ineDgun ,ire1 "is"ain,ul
    silen=e ins#ea" , #$e ,ra=as ,
    #errris#s' /m/s6
    @$ile @es#ern Eur(e $a"
    e=$e" # #$e $arangues ,
    ran#ing "emaggues an"
    s$rie.ing "i=#a#rs1 )an"$i $a"
    s#irre" #$e mul#i#u"es , #$e
    2rl"'s ms# ((ulus area
    2i#$u# raising $is +i=e6 I# 2as
    n# 2i#$ #$e (rmise , (2er r
    ,r#une #$a# $e $a" summne"
    $is ,ll2ers # $is /anner1 /u#
    2i#$ a 2arningH FT$se 2$ are
    in m% =m(an% mus# /e rea"% U
    slee( u(n #$e /are ,lr1 2ear
    =arse =l#$es1 ge# u( a#
    unear#$l% $urs1 su/sis# n
    unin+i#ing1 sim(le ,"1 e+en
    =lean #$eir 2n #ile#s6' Ins#ea"
    , gau"% uni,rms an" Bangling
    me"als1 $e $a" "resse" $is
    ,ll2ers in =l#$es , =arse1
    $mes(un =##n6 T$a# =s#ume1
    $2e+er1 $a" /een as ins#an#l%
    i"en#i,ia/le1 as (s%=$lgi=all%
    e,,e=#i+e in 2el"ing #ge#$er
    #$se 2$ 2re i#1 as #$e /r2n
    r /la=. s$ir#s , Eur(e's
    "i=#a#rs6
    His means , =mmuni=a#ing
    2i#$ $is ,ll2ers @ere
    (rimi#i+e6 He 2r#e mu=$ , $is
    =rres(n"en=e $imsel, in
    lng$an"1 an" $e #al.e"H # $is
    "is=i(les1 # (ra%er mee#ings1 #
    #$e =au=uses , $is &ngress
    (ar#%6 He em(l%e" nne , #$e
    #e=$ni'ues ,r =n"i#ining #$e
    masses # #$e "i=#a#es , a
    "emaggue r a =li'ue ,
    i"elgues6 Ye#1 $is message $a"
    (ene#ra#e" a na#in /ere,# ,
    m"ern =mmuni=a#ins
    /e=ause )an"$i $a" a genius ,r
    #$e sim(le ges#ure #$a# s(.e #
    In"ia's sul6 T$se ges#ures 2ere
    all unr#$"C6 Para"Ci=all%1 in
    a lan" ra+age" /% =%=li=al
    ,amine1 2$ere $unger $a" /een a
    male"i=#in ,r =en#uries1 #$e
    ms# "e+as#a#ing #a=#i= )an"$i
    $a" "e+ise" 2as #$e sim(le a=#
    , "e(ri+ing $imsel, , ," D a
    ,as#6 He $a" $um/le" )rea#
    Bri#ain /% si((ing 2a#er an"
    /i=ar/na#e , s"a6
    )"D/sesse" In"ia $a"
    re=gniQe" in $is ,rail sil$ue##e1
    in #$e ins#in=#i+e /rillian=e , $is
    a=#s1 #$e (rmise , a Ma$a#ma D
    a )rea# Sul D an" ,ll2e"
    2$ere $e'" le"6 He 2as
    in"is(u#a/l% ne , #$e gal+ani=
    ,igures , $is =en#ur%6 T $is
    ,ll2ers1 $e 2as a sain#6 T #$e
    Bri#is$ /ureau=ra#s 2$se $ur
    , "e(ar#ure $e'" $as#ene"1 $e
    2as a =nni+ing (li#i=ian1 a
    /gus Messia$ 2$se nnD
    +ilen# =rusa"e al2a%s en"e" in
    +ilen=e an" 2$se ,as#s un#
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    "ea#$ al2a%s s#((e" s$r# ,
    "ea#$'s "r6 E+en a man as
    .in"D$ear#e" as @a+ell1 "e#es#e"
    $im as a 'male+len# l"
    (li#i=ian 6 6 6 S$re2"1 /s#ina#e1
    "mineering1 "u/leD#ngue"'1
    2i#$ 'li##le #rue sain#liness in
    $im'6
    !e2 , #$e Englis$ 2$'"
    neg#ia#e" 2i#$ )an"$i $a"
    li.e" $imT ,e2er s#ill $a"
    un"ers#" $im6 T$eir
    (uQQlemen# 2as un"ers#an"a/le6
    He 2as a s#range /len" , grea#
    mral (rin=i(les an" 'uir.%
    /sessins6 He 2as 'ui#e =a(a/le
    , in#erru(#ing #$eir serius
    (li#i=al "is=ussins 2i#$ a
    "is=urse n #$e /ene,i#s ,
    seCual =n#inen=e r a "ail% sal#
    an" 2a#er enema6
    @$ere+er )an"$i 2en#1 i# 2as
    sai"1 #$ere 2as #$e =a(i#al ,
    In"ia6 I#s =a(i#al #$is Ne2 Year's
    Da% 2as #$e #in% Bengali +illage
    , Sriram(ur 2$ere #$e
    Ma$a#ma la% un"er $is
    mu"(a=.s1 eCer=ising

    54

    ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#

    '2al. alne1 2al. alne'

    53

    $is au#$ri#% +er an enrmus
    =n#inen# 2i#$u# #$e /ene,i# ,
    ra"i1 ele=#ri=i#% r running
    2a#er1 #$ir#% miles /% ,# ,rm
    #$e neares# #ele($ne r
    #elegra($ line6VJS
    T$e regin , Na.$ali in 2$i=$
    Sriram(ur 2as se#1 2ai ne ,
    #$e ms# ina==essi/le in In"ia1 a
    Bigsa2 , #in% islan"s in #$e
    2a#erlgge" "el#a ,rme" /% #$e
    )anges an" #$e Bra$ma(u#ra
    ri+ers6 Barel% ,r#% miles s'uare1
    i# 2as a "ense #$i=.e# , #2 an"
    a $al, millin $uman /eings1
    :4P , #$em Mslems6 T$e%
    li+e" =ramme" in# +illages
    "i+i"e" /% =anals1 =ree.s an"
    s#reams1 rea=$e" /% r2ingD
    /a#1 /% $an"D(le" ,erries1 /%
    r(e1 lg r /am/ /ri"ges
    s2a%ing "angerusl% +er #$e
    rus$ing 2a#ers 2$i=$ (ure"
    #$rug$ #$e regin6
    Ne2 Year's Da% 37A8 in
    Sriram(ur s$ul" $a+e /een an
    ==asin , in#ense sa#is,a=#in
    ,r )an"$i6 He s#" #$a# "a% n
    #$e /rin. , a=$ie+ing #$e gal
    $e'" ,ug$# ,r ms# , $is li,eH
    In"ia's ,ree"m6
    Ye#1 as $e a((ra=$e" #$e
    glrius =limaC , $is s#ruggle1
    )an"$i 2as a "es(era#el%
    un$a((% man6 T$e reasns ,r
    $is un$a((iness 2ere
    e+er%2$ere mani,es# in #$e li##le
    +illage in 2$i=$ $e'" ma"e $is
    =am(6 Sriram(ur $a" /een ne
    , #$e un(rnun=ea/le names
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    ,iguring n #$e re(r#s arri+ing
    alms# "ail% n &lemen# A##lee's
    "es. ,rm In"ia6 In,lame" /%
    ,ana#i=al lea"ers1 /% re(r#s ,
    Hin"us .illing #$eir =D
    religinis#s in &al=u##a1 i#s
    Mslems1 li.e Mslems all
    a=rss Na.$ali1 $a" su""enl%
    #urne" n #$e Hin"u minri#%
    #$a# s$are" #$e +illage 2i#$
    #$em6 T$e% $a" slaug$#ere"1
    ra(e"1 (illage"1 an" /urne"1
    ,r=ing #$eir neig$/urs #6 ea#
    #$e ,les$ , #$eir Sa=re" &2s1
    sen"ing #$ers ,leeing ,r sa,e#%
    a=rss #$e ri=e (a""ies6 Hal, #$e
    $u#s in Sriram(ur 2ere
    /la=.ene" ruins6 E+en #$e s$a=.
    in 2$i=$ )an"$i la% $a" /een
    (ar#iall% "es#r%e" /% ,ire6
    T$e Na.$ali u#/urs#s 2ere
    isla#e" s(ar.s /u# #$e (assins
    2$i=$ $a" igni#e" #$em =ul"
    easil% /e=me a ,ires#rm # se#
    #$e 2$le su/D=n#inen# a/laQe6
    T$se $rrrs1 #$e u#/urs#s
    2$i=$ $a" (re=e"e" #$em in
    &al=u##a an" #$se 2$i=$ $a"
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    /ru#ali#%1 a Hin"u maBri#% $a"
    #urne" n a Mslem minri#%1
    eC(laine" #$e anCie#% in A##lee's
    =n+ersa#in 2i#$ #$e6 man $e
    urgen#l% 2an#e" # "is(a#=$ #
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    T$e% als eC(laine" )an"$i's
    (resen=e in Sriram(ur6 T$e ,a=#
    #$a#1 as #$eir $ur , #rium($
    a((ra=$e"1 $is =un#r%men
    s$ul" $a+e #urne" n ea=$ #$er
    in =mmunal ,renQ%1 /r.e
    )an"$i's $ear#6 T$e% $a"
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    in"e(en"en=e1 /u# #$e% $a" n#
    un"ers#" #$e grea# "=#rine $e
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    nnD+ilen=e6 )an"$i $a" a
    (r,un" /elie, in $is nn+ilen#
    =ree"6 T$e $l=aus# #$e 2rl"
    $a" Bus# li+e"1 #$e s(e=#re ,
    nu=lear "es#ru=#in n2
    #$rea#ening i#1 2ere # )an"$i
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    "nD+ilen=e =ul" sa+e
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    "eman"e" /% In"ia's Mslem
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    i#s Englis$ rulers 2ere n2
    rea"% # a==e(#6 In"ia's (e(le
    an" ,ai#$s 2ere1 ,r )an"$i1 as
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    =ar(e#6
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    (enan=e1 $e "e=ree" $e 2an#e"

    55

    ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#

    '2al. alne1 2al. alne'

    5?

    n #$er =m(anin /u# )"6
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    +isi#e" 2ere rea"% # ,,er #$em6
    Le# #$e (li#i=ians , $is
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    League 2rangle +er In"ia's
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    AN OLD MAN AND
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    5A

    ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#

    '2al. alne1 2al. alne>

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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    @a%6 N Mslem 2ul" li+e n
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    ,eas#s1 s$aring #$e (r
    im(lemen#s 2i#$ 2$i=$ #$e%
    2r.e"6 T$eir in#ermingling
    #en"e" # en" #$ere6
    In#ermarriage 2as alms#
    un.n2n6 T$e =mmuni#ies
    "re2 #$eir 2a#er ,rm se(ara#e
    2ells an" a =as#e Hin"u 2ul"
    =$.e /e,re si((ing 2a#er ,rm
    #$e Mslem 2ell (er$a(s %ar"s
    ,rm $is 2n6 In #$e PunBa/1
    2$a# ,e2 s=ra(s , .n2le"ge
    Hin"u =$il"ren a='uire" =ame
    ,rm #$e +illage Pan"i# 2$
    #aug$# #$em # 2ri#e a ,e2 2r"s
    in PunBa/i in mu" 2i#$ 2$ea#
    s#al.s6 T$e same +illage's
    Mslem =$il"ren 2ul" ge# #$eir
    /are e"u=a#in ,rm a s$ei.$ in
    #$e ms'ue re=i#ing #$e *ran in
    a "i,,eren# language1 Ur"u6 E+en
    #$e (rimi#i+e "rugs , =2's
    urine an" $er/s 2i#$ 2$i=$ #$e%
    s#ruggle" agains# #$e same
    "iseases1 2ere /ase" n "i,,eren#
    s%s#ems , na#ural me"i=ine6
    T #$se s=ial an" religius
    "i,,eren=es1 $a" /een a""e" an
    e+en mre "i+isi+e1 mre
    insi"ius "is#in=#in1 e=nmi=6
    T$e Hin"us $a" /een ,ar s2i,#er
    #$an #$e Mslems # seiQe #$e
    ((r#uni#ies Bri#is$ e"u=a#in
    an" @es#ern #$ug$# $a" (la=e"
    /e,re In"ia6 As a resul#1 2$ile
    #$e Bri#is$ $a" /een s=iall%
    mre a# ease 2i#$ #$e Mslems1
    i# 2as #$e Hin"us 2$ $a"
    a"minis#ere" In"ia ,r #$em6>
    T$e% 2ere In"ia's /usinessmen1
    ,inan=iers1 a"minis#ra#rs1
    (r,essinal men6 @i#$ #$e
    Parsees1 #$e "es=en"an#s ,
    an=ien# Persia's > T$e Mslems
    $a" als /een su/#l% (enaliQe" in
    #$e #2 r #$ree "e=a"es a,#er
    3:08 ,r #$e rle #$eir
    =mmuni#% $a" (la%e" in #$e
    In"ian Arm% Mu#in%6

    59

    ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#

    '2al. alne1 2al. alne'

    -

    ,ireD2rs$i((ing Rras#rians1
    #$e% mn(liQe" insuran=e1
    /an.ing1 /ig /usiness an" In"ia's
    ,e2 in"us#ries6S
    In #$e #2ns an" small =i#ies1 #$e
    Hin"us 2ere #$e "minan#
    =mmer=ial =mmuni#%6 T$e
    u/i'ui#us rle , #$e
    mne%len"er 2as alms#
    e+er%2$ere "is=$arge" /%
    Hin"us1 (ar#l% /e=ause , #$eir
    a(#i#u"e ,r #$e #as.1 (ar#l%
    /e=ause , #$e *rani=
    (rs=ri(#in (re+en#ing Mslems
    ,rm (ra=#ising usur%6
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    T$e Mslem u((er =lasses1
    man% , 2$m "es=en"e" ,rm
    #$e Mg$ul in+a"ers1 $a" #en"e"
    # remain lan"lr"s an" sl"iers6
    T$e Mslem masses1 /e=ause ,
    #$e "ee(l% engraine" (a##erns ,
    In"ian s=ie#%1 rarel% es=a(e" in
    #$e ,ai#$ , M$amme" #$e rles
    #$a# =as#e $a" assigne" #$eir
    ,re/ears in #$e ,ai#$ , S$i+a6
    T$e% 2ere usuall% lan"less
    (easan#s in #$e ser+i=e , Hin"us
    r Mslems ir6 #$e =un#r%1
    la/urers an" (e##% =ra,#smen in
    #$e ser+i=e , Hin"u em(l%ers
    in #$e =i#%6
    T$a# e=nmi= ri+alr%
    a==en#ua#e" #$e s=ial an"
    religius /arriers /e#2een #$e
    #2 =mmuni#ies an" ma"e
    =mmunal slaug$#ers su=$ as
    #$a# 2$i=$ $a" s$a##ere" #$e
    (ea=e , Sriram(ur a regular
    ==urren=e6 Ea=$ =mmuni#%
    $a" i#s (e# (r+=a#ins 2i#$
    2$i=$ i# 2ul" laun=$ #$em6
    !r #$e Hin"us i# 2as musi=6
    Musi= ne+er a==m(anie" #$e
    aus#ere ser+i=e , #$e ms'ue
    an" i#s s#rains mingling 2i#$ #$e
    mum/le , #$e !ai#$,uls' (ra%ers
    2as a /las($em%6 T$ere 2as n
    surer 2a% ,r #$e Hin"us #
    in=i#e #$eir Mslem neig$/urs
    #$an # se# u( a /an" u#si"e a
    ms'ue "uring !ri"a% (ra%ers6
    !r #$e Mslem1 #$e ,a+uri#e
    (r+=a#in in+l+e" an animal1
    ne , #$e gre%1 s.ele#al /eas#s
    l2ing "2n #$e s#ree#s , e+er%
    =i#%1 #2n an" +illage in In"ia1
    aimlessl% 2an"ering $er ,iel"s1
    #$e /Be=# , #$e ms# (er(leCing
    , Hin"uism's =ul#s1 #$e Sa=re"
    &26
    T$e +enera#in , #$e =2 "a#e"
    /a=. # Bi/li=al #imes1 2$en #$e
    ,r#unes , #$e (as#ral In"D
    Eur(ean (e(les migra#ing n
    # #$e su/D=n#inen# "e(en"e" n
    #$e +i#ali#% , #$eir $er"s6 As #$e
    ra//is , an=ien# Ju"ea $a"
    ,r/i""en (ig's ,les$ # #$eir
    (e(le # sa+e #$em ,rm #$e
    ra+ages , #ri=$insis1 s #$e
    sa"l#us , an=ien# In"ia
    (r=laime" #$e =2 sa=re" s as
    # sa+e ,rm slaug$#er in #imes
    , ,amine #$e $er"s n 2$i=$
    #$eir (e(les' eCis#en=e
    "e(en"e"6
    As a resul#1 In"ia $a" in 37A8 #$e
    larges# /+ine $sr" in #$e 2rl"1
    544 millin /eas#s1 ne ,r e+er%
    #2 In"ians1 an u=ima!
    ((ula#in larger #$an #$e $uman
    ((ula#in , #$e Uni#e" S#a#es6
    34 millin =2s (r"u=e" a
    meagre #ri=.le , mil. a+eraging
    /arel% ne (in# (er animal (er
    "a%6 A4 r 04 millin mre 2ere
    /easis l /ur"en1 #ugging #$eir
    /ull=. =ar#s an" (lug$s6 T$e
    res#1 344DiCi=i millin1 2ere
    s#erile1 useless animals raming
    ,ree #$rug$ #$e ,iel"s1 +illages
    an" =i#ies , In"ia6 E+er% "a%
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #$eir res#less Ba2s =$m(e"
    #$rug$ #$e ," #$a# =ul" $a+e
    ,e" #en millin In"ians li+ing n
    #$e e"g#e , s#ar+a#in6
    T$e ins#in=# ,r sur+i+al alne
    s$ul" $a+e =n"emne" #$se
    useless /eas#s6 Ye#1 s #ena=ius
    $a" #$e su(ers#i#in /e=me1 #$a#
    =2 slaug$#er remaine" an
    a/mina#in ,r #$se +er%
    In"ians 2$ 2ere s#ar+ing #
    "ea#$ s #$a# #$e /eas#s =ul"
    =n#inue #$eir ,u#ile eCis#en=e6
    E+en )an"$i main#aine" #$a# in
    (r#e=#ing #$e =2 i# 2as all
    )"'s 2r. #$a# man (r#e=#e"6
    T #$e Mslems1 #$e #$ug$# #$a#
    a man =ul" s "egra"e $imsel,
    as # 2rs$i( a "um/ animal
    2as re(ugnan#6 T$e% #. a
    (er+erse "elig$# in "ri+ing a
    l2ing1 (r#es#ing $er" , =2s
    (as# #$e ,rn# "r , a Hin"u
    Tem(le en ru#e # #$e slaug$#er
    $use6 O+er #$e =en#uries1
    #$usan"s , $uman /eings $a"
    a==m(anie" #$se animals #
    #$eir "ea#$ in #$e ri#s 2$i=$
    ,#en ,ll2e" ea=$ su=$
    ges#ure6
    @$ile #$e Bri#is$ rule" In"ia1
    #$e% manage" # .ee( a ,ragile
    /alan=e /e#2een #$e #2
    =mmuni#ies1 a# #$e same #ime
    using #$eir an#agnism as an
    ins#rumen# # ease #$e /ur"en ,
    #$eir rule6 Ini#iall%1 #$e "ri+e ,r
    In"ian in"e(en"en=e 2as
    =n,ine" # an in#elle=#ual eli#e
    in 2$i=$ Hin"us an" Mslems
    ignre" =mmunal "i,,eren=es #
    2r. si"e /% si"e #2ar"s a
    =mmn gal6 Irni=all%T i# 2as
    )an"$i 2$ $a" "isru(#e" #$a#
    a==r"1 g % W 33 & X
    In #$e ms# s(iri#ual area n
    ear#$1 i# 2as ine+i#a/le #$a# #$e
    ,ree"m s#ruggle s$ul" #a.e n
    #$e guise , a religius =rusa"e1
    an" )an"$i $a" ma"e i# ne6 N
    man 2as e+er mre #leran#1
    mre genuinel% ,ree , an% #ain#
    , religius (reBu"i=e #$an
    )an"$i6 He "es(era#el% 2an#e"
    # ass=ia#e #$e Mslems 2i#$
    e+er% ($ase , $is m+emen#6
    Bu# $e 2as a Hin"u1 an" a "ee(
    /elie, in )" 2as #$e +er%
    essen=e , $is /eing6 Ine+i#a/l%1
    unin#en#inall%1 )an"$i's
    &ngress Par#% m+emen# /egan
    # #a.e n a Hin"u #ne an"
    =lur #$a# aruse" Mslem
    sus(i=ins6
    T$eir sus(i=ins 2ere
    s#reng#$ene" as narr2Dmin"e"
    l=al &ngress lea"ers
    (ersis#en#l% re,use" # s$are 2i#$
    #$eir Mslem ri+als 2$a#e+er
    ele=#ral s(ils Bri#is$ rule
    all2e"6 A s(e=#re gre2 in
    Mslem min"sH in an
    in"e(en"en# In"ia #$e% 2ul" /e
    "r2ne" /% Hin"u maBri#% rule1
    =n"emne" # #$e eCis#en=e , a
    (2erless minri#% in #$e lan"
    #$eir Mg$ul ,re/ears $a" n=e
    rule"6
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    One (ers(e=#i+e seeme" # ,,er
    an es=a(e ,rm #$a# ,a#e1 #$e
    =rea#in , a se(ara#e Islami=
    na#in n #$e su/D=n#inen#6 T$e
    i"ea #$a# In"ia's Mslems s$ul"
    se# u( a s#a#e , #$eir 2n 2as6
    ,rmall% ar#i=ula#e" ,r #$e ,irs#
    #ime n ,ur an" a $al, (ages ,
    #%(ing (a(er in a nn"es=ri(#
    Englis$ =##age a# ?
    Hum/ers#ne Ra" in &amD

    5:

    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT

    '@AL* ALONE1 @AL*
    ALONE>

    57

    /ri"ge6 I#s au#$r 2as a ,r#%D
    %earDl" In"ian Mslem
    gra"ua#e s#u"en# name" Ra$ma#
    Ali1 an" #$e "a#e a# #$e $ea" ,
    $is (r(sal 2as 5: Januar%
    37??6 T$e i"ea #$a# In"ia ,rme"
    a single na#in1 Ali 2r#e1 2as 'a
    (re(s#erus ,alse$"'6 He
    =alle" ,r a Mslem na#in
    =ar+e" ,rm #$e (r+in=es ,
    nr#$D2es# In"ia 2$ere #$e
    Mslems 2ere (re"minan#1 #$e
    PunBa/1 *as$mir1 Sin"1 #$e
    !rn#ier1 Balu=$is#an6 He e+en
    $a" a name # (r(se ,r $is
    ne2 s#a#e6 Base" n #$e names ,
    #$e (r+in=es #$a# 2ul"
    =m(se i#1 i# 2as 'Pa.is#an D
    lan" , #$e (ure'6
    '@e 2ill n# =ru=i,% ursel+es1'
    $e =n=lu"e" in a ,ier%1 i, ine(#
    me#a($r1 'n a =rss , Hin"u
    na#inalism6'
    A"(#e" /% #$e /"% #$a# 2as
    #$e ,=al (in# , Mslem
    na#inalis# as(ira#ins1 #$e
    Mslem League1 Ra$ma# Ali's
    (r(sal gra"uall% #. $l" ,
    #$e imagina#in , In"ia's
    Mslem masses6 I#s (rgress
    2as nur#ure" /% #$e =$au+inis#i=
    a##i#u"e , #$e (re"minan#l%
    Hin"u lea"ers , &ngress 2$
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    T$e e+en# 2$i=$ ser+e" #
    =a#al%se in# +ilen=e #$e ri+alr%
    , In"ia's Hin"u an" Mslem
    =mmuni#ies #. (la=e n 39
    Augus# 37A91 Bus# ,i+e mn#$s
    /e,re )an"$i se# u# n $is
    (eni#en#'s mar=$6 T$e si#e 2as
    #$e se=n" =i#% , #$e Bri#is$
    Em(ire1 a me#r(lis 2$se
    re(u#a#in ,r +ilen=e an"
    sa+ager% 2as unri+alle"1
    &al=u##a6 &al=u##a1 2i#$ #$e
    legen" , i#s Bla=. Hle1 $a"
    /een a s%nn%m ,r In"ian
    =ruel#% # genera#ins ,
    Englis$men6
    Hell1 a &al=u##a resi"en# $a"
    n=e remar.e"1 2as /eing /rn
    an Un#u=$a/le in &al=u##a's
    slums6 T$se slums =n#aine"
    #$e "enses# =n=en#ra#in ,
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    $uman /eings in #$e 2rl"1
    ,e#i" (ls , unri+alle" miser%1
    Hin"u an" Mslem
    neig$/ur$"s in#erla=e"
    2i#$u# (a##ern r reasn6
    A# "a2n n 39 Augus#1 $2ling
    in a 'uasiDreligius ,er+ur1
    Mslem m/s $a" =me
    /urs#ing ,rm #$eir slums1
    2a+ing =lu/s1 irn /ars1 s$+els1
    an% ins#rumen# =a(a/le ,
    smas$ing in a $uman s.ull6 T$e%
    =ame in ans2er # a =all issue"
    /% #$e MYslern League1
    (r=laiming 39 Augus# 'Dire=#
    A=#in Da%'1 # (r+e # Bri#ain
    an" #$e &ngress Par#% #$a#
    In"ia's Mslems 2ere (re(are"
    '# ge# Pa.is#an ,r #$emsel+es
    /% FDire=# A=#inF i, ne=essar%'6
    T$e% sa+agel% /ea# # a s""en
    (ul( an% Hin"u in #$eir (a#$ an"
    s#u,,e" #$eir remains in #$e =i#%'s
    (en gu##ers6 T$e #erri,ie" (li=e
    sim(l% "isa((eare"6 Sn #all
    (illars , /la=. sm.e s#re#=$e"
    u( ,rm a s=re , s(#s in #$e
    =i#%1 Hin"u /aQaars in ,ull /laQe6
    La#er1 #$e Hin"u m/s =ame
    s#rming u# , #$eir
    neig$/ur$"s l.ing ,r
    "e,en=eless Mslems #
    slaug$#er6 Ne+er1 in all i#s +ilen#
    $is#r%1 $a" &al=u##a .n2n 5A
    $urs as sa+age1 as (a=.e" 2i#$
    $uman +i=iusness6 Li.e 2a#erD
    sa.e" lgs1 s=res , /la#e"
    =r(ses ///e" "2n #$e
    Hg$l% ri+er #2ar"s #$e sea6
    O#$ers1 sa+agel% mu#ila#e"1
    li##ere" #$e =i#%'s s#ree#s6
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    =rssra"s1 a line , Mslem
    =lies la% /ea#en # "ea#$ 2$ere
    a Hin"u m/ $a" ,un" #$em1
    /e#2een #$e (les , #$eir
    ri=.s$a2s6 B% #$e #ime #$e
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    /elnge" # #$e +ul#ures6 In
    ,il#$% gre% (a=.s #$e% s=u""e"
    a=rss #$e s.%1 #um/ling "2n #
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    , #$e =i#%'s 9444 "ea"6
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    #$e% /e=ame .n2n1 #riggere"
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    )an"$i 2asT in Bi$arT an" n #$e
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    'uar#er , a =en#ur%1 #$a#
    (rs(e=# n2 /e=ame #$e #l
    2i#$ 2$i=$ # (r% In"ia a(ar#6
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    His#r%1 /e%n" #$a# 2ri##en /%
    $is 2n (e(le1 2ul" ne+er
    a==r" M$amme" A$ Jinna$
    #$e $ig$ (la=e $is a=$ie+emen#s
    meri#e"6 Ye#1 i# 2as $e1 mre
    #$an )an"$i r an%ne else1 2$
    $el" #$e .e% # In"ia's ,u#ure6 I#
    2as 2i#$ #$a# s#ern an"
    un=m(rmising Mslem
    Messia$1 lea"ing $is (e(le #
    an#$er man's Prmise" Lan"1
    #$a# Lueen -i=#ria's grea#D
    gran"sn 2ul" $a+e # =n#en"
    2$en $e rea=$e" In"ia6
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    Augus# 37A91 $e $a" e+alua#e"
    ,r $is ,ll2ers in #$e Mslem
    League #$e meaning , Dire=#
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    2ar1 $e "e=lare"1 #$en In"ia's
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    ,,er un$esi#a#ingl%'6
    Pale $(s (resse" in# a grim
    smile1 $is (ier=ing e%es alig$#
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    $a" #$a# "a% ,lung "2n #$e
    gaun#le# # &ngress1 # #$e
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    "es#r%e"6' S

    'lea+e in"ia # g"'

    ?3

    ?
    'Lea+e In"ia # )"'
    Ln"n1 Januar% 37A8
    'L.1' sai" Luis Mun#/a##en1
    'a #erri/le #$ing $as $a((ene"6'
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    in#ima=% , a Bu=.ing$am
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    sa# si"e /% si"e li.e a =u(le ,
    l" s=$l ,rien"s =$a##ing as
    #$e% si((e" #$eir #ea6 T"a%1
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    me an" I'+e agree"6'
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    agreemen# u# #$ere6 I#'s alms#
    im(ssi/le # ,in" ne6 I'm %ur
    =usin6 I, I g u# #$ere an"
    ma.e #$e ms# "e(lra/le mess1
    i# 2ill re,le=# +er% /a"l% n %u6'
    'A$1' sai" #$e s+ereign1 '/u#
    #$in. $2 2ell i# 2ill re,le=# n
    #$e mnar=$% i, %u su==ee"6'
    '@ell1' sig$e" Mun#/a##en1
    sin.ing /a=. in# $is =$air1 '#$a#'s
    +er% (#imis#i= , %u6'
    He =ul" ne+er si# #$ere in #$a#
    li##le saln 2i#$u# remem/ering
    an#$er ,igure 2$ use" # si# in
    #$e =$air a=rss ,rm $is1
    an#$er =usin1 $is =lses#
    ,rien"1 2$ $a" s#" /esi"e
    $im n $is 2e""ing "a% a# S#
    Margare#'s1 @es#mins#er1 #$e
    man 2$ s$ul" $a+e /een
    *ing1 Da+i"1 Prin=e , @ales6
    !rm earl% /%$"1 #$e% $a"
    /een =lse6 @$en in 37?91 as
    E"2ar" -III1 Da+i" $a"
    a/"i=a#e" #$e #$rne ,r 2$i=$
    $e $a" /een #raine" /e=ause $e
    2as n# (re(are" # rule 2i#$u#
    #$e 2man $e l+e"1 'Di=.ie'
    Mun#/a##en $a" $aun#e" #$e
    =rri"rs , $is (ala=e1 #$e
    *ing's =ns#an# sla=e an"
    =m(anin6
    H2 irni=1 Mun#/a##en
    #$ug$#6 I# 2as as Da+i"'s AD&
    #$a# $e $a" ,irs# se# ,# n #$e
    lan" $e 2as n2 # li/era#e6 I#
    2as
    38 N+em/er 37536 In"ia1 #$e
    %ung Mun#/a##en $a" n#e" in
    $is "iar% #$a# nig$#1 'is #$e
    =un#r% ne $a" al2a%s $ear"
    a/u#1 "ream# a/u#1 rea" a/u#6'
    N#$ing n #$a# eC#rar"inar%
    r%al #ur 2ul" "isa((in# $is
    %u#$,ul eC(e=#a#ins6 T$e RaB
    2as a# i#s Qeni#$ #$en1 an" n
    a##en#in 2as # la+is$1 n
    ==asin # gran" ,r #$e $eir #
    #$e im(erial #$rne1 #$e
    S$a$Qa"a Sa$i/1 an" $is (ar#%6
    T$e% #ra+elle" in #$e 2$i#e an"
    gl" +i=eregal #rain1 #$eir
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    n ele($an#s1 /an'ue#s an"
    re=e(#ins , unsur(asse"
    elegan=e (r,,ere" /% #$e
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    In"ian (rin=es6 Lea+ing1
    Mun#/a##en #$ug$#1 'In"ia is
    #$e ms# mar+ellus =un#r% an"
    #$e -i=er% $as #$e ms#
    mar+ellus B/ in #$e 2rl"6'
    N21 2i#$ #$e =n,irming n" ,
    an#$er =usin1 #$a# 'mar+ellus
    B/' 2as $is6
    A /rie, silen=e ,ille" #$e
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    rm6 @i#$ i#1 Luis
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    =usin's m"6
    'I#'s # /a"1' #$e *ing sai"1 a
    melan=$l% un"er#ne # $is
    +i=e1 'I al2a%s 2an#e" # =me
    u# # see %u in Su#$eas# Asia
    2$en %u 2ere ,ig$#ing #$ere1
    an" #$en g # In"ia1 /u#
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    @ins#n s#((e" i#6 I'" $(e" a#
    leas# # g u# # In"ia a,#er #$e
    2ar6 N2 I'm a,rai" I s$an'# /e
    a/le #6'
    'I#'s sa"1' $e =n#inue"1 'I'+e /een
    =r2ne" Em(err , In"ia
    2i#$u# e+er $a+ing gne #
    In"ia an" n2 I s$all lse #$e
    #i#le ,rm $ere in #$is (ala=e in
    Ln"n6'
    In"ee"1 )erge -I 2ul" "ie
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    ,a/ulus lan"6 T$ere 2ul"
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    (ara"e , ele($an#s Bangling (as#
    in sil+er an" gl"1 n line ,
    /eBe2elle" ma$araBas /2ing #
    $is (ersn6
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    s$a"2s , 2ar1 n2 # /e
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    a (s#D2ar1 S=ialis# Englan"6
    On #$e Ma% mrning in 37?8
    2$en #$e Ar=$/is$( ,
    &an#er/ur% $a" (rnun=e"
    Prin=e Al/er#1 Du.e , Yr.1
    )erge #$e SiC#$1 /% #$e )ra=e
    , )"1 *ing , )rea# Bri#ain1
    Irelan" an" #$e Bri#is$
    Dminins /e%n" #$e seas1
    De,en"er , #$e !ai#$1 Em(err
    , In"ia1 39 millin , #$e 05
    millin s'uare miles , lan"
    sur,a=e , #$e gl/e $a" /een
    lin.e" /% ne #ie r an#$er #
    $is =r2n6
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    , )erge -Ps reign 2ul" /e
    #$e melan=$l% #as. ,re#l" /%
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    si##ingDrm6 He 2ul" /e
    remem/ere" /% $is#r% as #$e
    mnar=$ 2$ $a" reigne" +er
    #$e "ismem/ermen# , #$e
    Bri#is$ Em(ire6 &r2ne" *ing
    Em(err , an Em(ire #$a#
    eC=ee"e" #$e ms#

    ?5

    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT

    'lea+e in"ia # g"'

    ??

    eC#ra+agan# "esigns , Rme1
    AleCan"er #$e )rea#1 )eng$is
    *$an1 #$e &ali($s r Na(len1
    $e 2ul" "ie #$e s+ereign , an
    islan" .ing"m n i#s 2a% #
    /e=ming Bus# an#$er Eur(ean
    na#in6
    'I .n2 I'+e g# # #a.e #$e FIF
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    mnar=$ n#e"1 '/u# I 2ul" /e
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    )erge -I .ne2 (er,e=#l% 2ell
    #$a# #$e grea# im(erial "ream $a"
    ,a"e"6 Bu# i, i# $a" # "isa((ear1
    $2 sa" i# 2ul" /e i, sme ,
    i#s a=$ie+emen#s an" glries
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    =ul" n# sur+i+e i#1 i, 2$a# i#
    $a" re(resen#e" =ul" n# ,in"
    an eC(ressin in sme ne2 ,rm
    mre =m(a#i/le 2i#$ a m"ern
    age6
    'I# 2ul" /e a (i#%1' $e /ser+e"1
    'i, an in"e(en"en# In"ia 2ere #
    #urn i#s /a=. n #$e
    &mmn2eal#$6'
    T$e &mmn2eal#$ =ul"
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    2$i=$ )erge -I's $(es mig$#
    /e realiQe"6 I# =ul" /e=me a
    mul#iDra=ial assem/l% ,
    in"e(en"en# na#ins 2i#$
    Bri#ain1 (rima in#er (ares1 a# i#s
    =re6 Bun" /% =mmn
    #ra"i#ins1 a =mmn (as#1
    =mmn s%m/li= #ies # $is
    =r2n1 #$e &mmn2eal#$
    =ul" eCer=ise grea# in,luen=e in
    2rl" a,,airs6 Bri#ain1 a# #$e $u/
    , su=$ a /"%1 2ul" s#ill s(ea.
    in #$e =un=ils , #$e 2rl" 2i#$
    an e=$ , #$a# im(erial +i=e
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    mig$# s#ill /e Ln"nT =ul#ural1
    s(iri#ual1 ,inan=ial an"
    mer=an#ile =en#re ,r mu=$ ,
    #$e 2rl"6 T$e im(erial
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    2ul" remain # "i,,eren#ia#e
    )erge -I's islan" .ing"m
    ,rm #$se #$er na#ins a=rss
    #$e Englis$ &$annel6
    I, #$a# i"eal 2as # /e realiQe"1 i#
    2as essen#ial In"ia remain
    2i#$in #$e &mmn2eal#$6 I,
    In"ia re,use" # Bin1 #$e A,rD
    Asian na#ins 2$i=$ in #$eir #urn
    2ul" a==e"e # in"e(en"en=e in
    #$e %ears # =me 2ul" alms#
    =er#ainl% ,ll2 $er eCam(le6
    T$a# 2ul" =n"emn #$e
    &mmn2eal#$ # /e=me Bus# a
    gru(ing , #$e Em(ire's 2$i#e
    "minins6
    In,luen=e" /% a lng an#iD
    im(erial #ra"i#in $2e+er1
    )erge -I's Prime Minis#er an"
    #$e La/ur Par#%1 "i" n# s$are
    #$e *ing's ins(ira#in6 A##lee $a"
    n# e+en #l" Mun#/a##en $e
    2as # ma.e an e,,r# # .ee(
    In"ia in #$e &mmn2eal#$6
    )erge -I1 as a =ns#i#u#inal
    mnar=$1 =ul" " +ir#uall%
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    mem/er , #$e r%al ,amil% $a"
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    in#elle=# $a" un"ers#" an"
    a==e(#e" i#s imminen# "emiseT
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    ,r #$e &mmn2eal#$'s ,u#ure6
    In a ,e2 "a%s1 Mun#/a##en
    2ul" insis# #$a# A##lee in=lu"e
    in $is #erms , re,eren=e a
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    s(e=i,i= inBun=#in # main#ain
    an in"e(en"en# In"ia1 uni#e"Br
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    #$ug$#1 mre (ersuasi+eness1
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    main#aining aD lin. /e#2een
    In"ia an" $is =usin's =r2n6
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    mre na#urall% "es#ine" #
    ==u(% #$e DmaBes#i= ,,i=e ,
    -i=er% , In"ia #$an Luis
    Mun#/a##en6 His ,irs# (u/li=
    ges#ure $a" ==urre" "uring $is
    =$ris#ening 2$en1 2i#$ a 2a+e ,
    $is in,an# ,is#1 $e $a" .n=.e"
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    $is grea#Dgran"m#$er's im(erial
    nse6
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    (assage #$rug$ #$e ,emale line1
    2en# /a=. # #$e Em(err
    &$arlemagne6 He 2as1 r $a"
    /een1 rela#e" /% /l" r
    marriage # *aiser @il$elm II1
    Tsar Ni=$las II1 Al,ns MJJI ,
    S(ain1 !er"inan" I , Rumania1
    )us#a+ -I , S2e"en1
    &ns#an#ine 3 , )ree=e1 Haa.n
    -II , Nr2a% an" AleCan"er I
    , Yugsla+ia6 !r Luis
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    Eur(e $a" /een ,amil%
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    in=reasingl% s$r# su((l% /% #$e
    #ime Mun#/a##en 2as eig$#een
    a# #$e en" , #$e !irs# @rl" @ar6
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    ,a+uri#e gran"D"aug$#er1
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    =usin1 $a" $a" # sa+ur #$e
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    memr%H #ea (ar#ies n #$e la2ns
    , @in"sr &as#le a# 2$i=$
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    #$e TsarT ri"es #$rug$ #$e
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    #$e Tsare+i#=$1 an" #$e
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    ,ell in l+e6
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    a m"es# in=me1 #.en ser+i=e
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    2$en1 in #$e au#umn , 37A?1
    @ins#n &$ur=$ill sear=$ing ,r
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    'a %ung an" +igrus rnin"'1
    $a" a((in#e" $im Su(reme
    Allie" &mman"er Su#$eas#
    Asia6 T$e au#$ri#% an"
    res(nsi/ili#% #$a# =mman"
    (la=e" n $is %u#$,ul

    EA

    ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#

    'lea+e in"ia # g"'

    ?0

    s$ul"ers $a" nl% ne
    =un#er(ar#1 #$e Su(reme Allie"
    &mman" , D2ig$#
    Eisen$2er6 One $un"re" an"
    #2en#%Deig$# millin (e(le
    a=rss a +as# s2ee( , Asia ,ell
    un"er $is =$arge6 I# 2as a
    =mman" 2$i=$ a# #$e #ime i#
    2as ,rme"1 $e 2ul" la#er
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    n (riri#ies1 nl% #erri/le
    mrale1 a #erri/le =lima#e1 a
    #erri/le ,e an" #erri/le "e,ea#s'6
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    #2en#% %ears an" #$ree r ,ur
    ran.s $is senir6 Sme #en"e" #
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    u# , $is "inner Ba=.e# in# a
    na+al uni,rm an" #em(raril%
    a/an"n #$e6 "an=e ,lr , #$e
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    mnsn rainsT =aBle"1 /ullie"
    an" =$arme" e+er% un=e ,
    su((lies $e =ul" ge# ,rm $is
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    (r#s 5444 miles a2a% n #$e
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    (era#in sur(asse" in siQe nl%
    /% #$e Nrman"% lan"ing6
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    emula#e $is ,a#$er 2$ $a" le,#
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    37556
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    ne2 i"eas1 2ere $is (assins an"
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    He /#aine" ,r #$e R%al Na+%
    #$e 2r.s , a /rillian# !ren=$
    r=.e#r% eC(er#1 R/er# Esnaul#
    Pel#erie6 T$eir (ages ga+e
    Bri#ain an eeril% a==ura#e
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    ,re=as# , #$e -D/m/1 gui"e"
    missiles an" e+en man's ,irs#
    ,lig$# # #$e mn6 In
    S2i#Qerlan"1 $e ,erre#e" u# a
    ,as#D,iring an#iDair=ra,# gun
    "esigne" # s#( #$e S#u.a "i+e
    /m/erT #$en s(en# mn#$s
    ,r=ing #$e relu=#an# R%al Na+%
    # a"(# i#6
    He $a" ,ll2e" #$e rise ,
    Hi"er an" )erman rearmamen#
    2i#$ gr2ing a((re$ensin6 He
    $a" als 2a#=$e" 2i#$ (aine"
    /u# (er=e(#i+e e%es #$e e+lu#in
    , #$e s=ie#% #$a# $a" "ri+en $is
    /el+e" un=le Ni=$las II ,rm
    #$e #$rne , #$e Tsars6
    In=reasingl%1 as #$e #$ir#ies 2re
    n1 Mun#/a##en an" $is 2i,e
    s(en# less an" less #ime n #$e
    "an=e ,lr1 an" mre an" mre
    in a =rusa"e # a2a.en ,rien"s
    an" (li#i=ians # #$e =n,li=#
    /#$ sa2 2as =ming6
    On 50 Augus# 37?71 a (ru"
    Mun#/a##en #. =mman" , a
    ne2l% =mmissine" "es#r%er1
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    #$e ra"i annun=e" Hi#ler an"
    S#alin $a" signe" a nnD
    aggressin (a=#6 T$e *ell%'s
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    #$e annun=emen# imme"ia#el%6
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    #$ree 2ee.s nee"e" # rea"% #$e
    s$i( ,r sea6
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    u#1 #$e =a(#ain , #$e *ell% 2as
    slung +er #$e s$i('s si"e in a
    (air , "ir#% +eralls1 sls$ing

    ?9

    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT

    'LEA-E INDIA TO )OD'

    ?8

    (ain# n $er $ull alng 2i#$ $is
    a/le seamen6 T$e neC# "a%1
    $2e+er1 #$e *ell% 2as in a=#in
    agains# a )erman su/marine6
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    is i, s$e sin.s un"er ur ,ee#6'
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    /m/ers # $el( res=ue siC
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    s#ern 2as "amage" a# #$e mu#$
    , #$e T%ne an" $er /iler rm
    "e+as#a#e" /% a #r(e" in #$e
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    nig$# alne n #$e "ri,#ing
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    un"er #26
    A %ear la#er1 in Ma% 37A3 ,,
    &re#e1 #$e *ell%'s lu=. ran u#6
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    minu#es6 !ai#$,ul # $is +21
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    2as =n+in=e" #$a# 2as #$e

    A4

    ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#

    'lea+e in"ia # g"'

    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    A3

    (lain near Del$i6 !r )an"$i1
    #$a# gran"ise =eremn% 2as
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    =$an#e" # mar. #$e e+en# in $is
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    miles ,rm Del$i n #$e Ara/ian
    SeaH
    Be$l" #$e mig$#% Englis$man!
    He rules #$e In"ian small
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    ,i+e =u/i#s #all6
    T$e /% 2$se s(iri#ual ,r=e
    2ul" ne "a% $um/le #$se
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    enrmus em(ire =ul" n#
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    *a#$ia2ar (eninsula near
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    in#ensel% "e+u# 2man gi+en #
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    as marrie" # an illi#era#e
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    ie"6
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    2$i=$ $is ,a#$er la% "%ing1
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    urgen# /urs# , seCual "esire $a"
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    in"eli/le s#am( i" /een le,# n
    $is (s%=$e6
    As a resul# , $is ,a#$er's "ea#$1
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    )an"$i 2as sen# # Englan" #
    u"% la2 s $e mig$# /e=me
    (rime minis#er , a (rin=el%
    s#a#e6 I# is an enrmus
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    in Ln"n6 He 2as s
    "es(era#el% s$% #$a# # a""ress a
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    =$ea(1 /a"l%D=u# Bm/a%
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    ne "a% ins(ire ?44 millin
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    ar#i=ula#ing #$e ($rases
    ne=essar% # im(ress a single
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    In"ian magis#ra#e6
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    #urning (in# in )an"$i's li,e6
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    ,r

    A5

    ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#

    'lea+e in"ia # g">

    A?

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    )an"$i (asse" #$e nig$# $u""le"
    in #$e un,i# railra" s#a#in1
    (n"ering $is ,irs# /ru#al
    =n,rn#a#in 2i#$ ra=ial
    (reBu"i=e6 Li.e a me"ie+al %u#$
    "uring #$e +igil , $is
    .nig$#$"1 )an"$i sa# (ra%ing
    # #$e )" , #$e )i#a ,r
    =urage an" gui"an=e6 @$en
    "a2n ,inall% /r.e n #$e li##le
    s#a#in , Mari#Q/urg1 #$e #imi"1
    2i#$"ra2n %u#$ 2as a =$ange"
    (ersn6 T$e li##le la2%er $a"
    rea=$e" #$e ms# im(r#an#
    "e=isin , $is li,e6 M$an"as
    )an"$i 2as ging # sa% 'n'1
    A 2ee. la#er1 )an"$i "eli+ere"
    $is ,irs# (u/li= s(ee=$ #
    Pre#ria's In"ians6 T$e a"+=a#e
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    2$'" /een s (ain,ull% s$% in
    #$e =ur#rms , Bm/a% $a"
    /egun # ,in" $is #ngue6 He
    urge" #$e In"ians # uni#e #
    "e,en" #$eir in#eres#s an"1 as a
    ,irs# s#e(1 # learn $2 # " i# in
    #$eir ((ressrs' Englis$ #ngue6
    T$e ,ll2ing e+ening1 2i#$u#
    realiQing i#1 )an"$i /egan #$e
    2r. #$a# 2ul" ul#ima#el% /ring
    In"ia ,ree"m /% #ea=$ing
    Englis$ grammar # a /ar/er1 a
    =ler. an" a s$(.ee(er6 Sn $e
    $a" als 2n #$e ,irs# , #$e
    su==esses 2$i=$ 2ul" /e $is
    +er #$e neC# $al,D=en#ur%6 He
    2rung ,rm #$e rail2a%
    au#$ri#ies #$e rig$# ,r 2ellD
    "resse" In"ians # #ra+el ,irs#D r
    se=n"D=lass n Su#$ A,ri=a's
    rail2a%s6
    )an"$i "e=i"e" # s#a% n in
    Su#$ A,ri=a 2$en #$e =ase
    2$i=$ $a" ren# $im #$ere $a"
    /een resl+e"6 He /e=ame /#$
    #$e =$am(in , Su#$ A,ri=a's
    In"ian =mmuni#% an" a $ig$l%
    su==ess,ul la2%er6
    63 # #$e Bri#is$ Em(ire "es(i#e
    i#s ra=ial inBus#i=e1 $e e+en le" an
    am/ulan=e =r(s in #$e Ber
    @ar6
    Ten sears a,#er $is arri+al in
    Su#$ A,ri=a1 an#$er lng #rain
    ri"e (r+.e" #$e se=n" grea#
    #urning (in# in )an"$i's ,i,e6 As
    $e /ear"e" #$e J$annes/urgD
    Dur/an #rain ne e+ening in
    374A1 an ' #i(B'su ,rien" (asse"
    )an"$i a /. # rea" n #$e
    lng #ri(1 J$n ,#u.in'i Un# T$is
    Las#6
    All nig$# )an"$i sa# u( rea"ing
    as $is #rain rlle" #$rug$ #$e
    Su#$ A,ri=an +el"#6 I# 2as $is
    re+ela#in n #$e ra" #
    Damas=us6 B% #$e #ime $is #rain
    rea=$e" Dur/an #$e ,ll2ing
    mrning1 )an"$i $a" ma"e an
    e(i= +2H $e 2as ging #
    renun=e all $is ma#erial
    (ssessins an" li+e $is li,e
    a==r"ing # Rus.in's i"eals6
    Ri=$es1 Rus.in 2r#e1 2ere Bus#
    a #l # se=ure (2er +er men6
    A la/urer 2i#$ a s(a"e ser+e"
    s=ie#% as #rul% as a la2%er 2i#$
    a /rie,1 an" #$e li,e , la/ur1 ,
    #$e #iller , #$e sil1 is #$e li,e
    2r#$ li+ing6
    )an"$i's "e=isin 2as all #$e
    mre remar.a/le /e=ause $e
    2as1 a# #$a# mmen#1 a 2eal#$%
    man earning +er O0444 a %ear
    ,rm $is la2 (ra=#i=e1 an
    enrmus sum in #$e Su#$
    A,ri=a , #$e #ime6
    !r #2 %ears1 $2e+er1 "u/#s
    $a" /een ,ermen#ing in )an"$i's
    min"6 He 2as $aun#e" /% #$e
    B$aga+a" )i#a's "=#rine ,
    renun=ia#in , "esire an"
    a##a=$men# # ma#erial
    (ssessins as #$e essen#ial
    s#e((ingDs#ne # a s(iri#ual
    a2a.ening6 He $a" alrea"% ma"e
    eC(erimen#s , $is 2nH $e $a"
    s#ar#e" # =u# $is 2n $air1 " $is
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    laun"r%1 =lean $is 2n #ile#6 He
    $a" e+en "eli+ere" $is las# =$il"6
    His "u/#s ,un" #$eir
    =n,irma#in in Rus.in's (ages6
    Barel% a 2ee. la#er1 )an"$i
    se##le" $is ,amil% an" a gru( ,
    ,rien"s n a $un"re"Da=re ,arm
    near P$eniC1 ,ur#een
    miles>,rm Dur/an6 T$ere1 n a
    sa"1 s=ru//% si#e =nsis#ing , a
    ruine" s$a=.1 a 2ell1 sme
    range1 mul/err% an" mang
    #rees1 an" a $r"e , sna.es1
    )an"$i's li,e #. n #$e (a##ern
    #$a# 2ul" rule i# un#il $is "ea#$H
    a renun=ia#in , ma#erial
    (ssessins an" a s#ri+ing #
    sa#is,% $uman nee"s in #$e
    sim(les# manner1 =u(le" 2i#$ a
    =mmunal eCis#en=e in 2$i=$ all
    la/ur 2as e'uall% +alua/le an"
    a$ g"s 2ere s$are"6
    One las#1 (ain,ul renun=ia#in
    remaine"1 $2e+er1 # /e ma"e6
    I# 2as #$e +2 ,
    Bra$ma=liar%a1 #$e (le"ge ,
    seCual =n#inen=e an" i# $a"
    $aun#e" )an"$i ,r %ears6
    T$e s=ar le,# /% $is ,a#$er's
    "ea#$1 a "esire # $a+e n mre
    =$il"ren1 $is rising religius
    =ns=iusness all "r+e $im
    #2ar"s $is "e=isin6 One
    summer e+ening in 3749 )an"$i
    slemnl% annun=e" # $is 2i,e1
    *as#ur/a1 #$a# $e $a" #a.en #$e
    +2 , Bra$ma=$ar%a1 Begun in
    a B%us ,renQ% a# #$e age ,
    #$ir#een1 #$e seCual li,e ,
    M$an"as )an"$i $a" rea=$e"
    i#s =n=lusin a# #$e age , ?86
    T )an"$i1 $2e+er1
    Bra$ma=$ar%a mean>1 mre #$an
    Bus# #$e =ur/ing , seCual
    "esires6 I# 2as #$e =n#rl , all
    #$e senses6 I# menn# res#rain# in
    em#in1 "ie#1 an" s(ee=$1 #$e
    su((ressin , anger1 +ilen=e
    an" $a#e1 #$e a##ainmen# , a
    "esireless s#a#e "se # #$e )i#a's
    i"eal , nnD(ssessin6 I# 2as
    $is "e,ini#i+e engagemen# n #$e
    as=e#i='s (a#$1 #$e ul#ima#e a=# ,
    sel,D#rans,=rma#in6 Nne , #$e
    +2s )an"$i #. in $is li,e
    2ul" ,r=e u(n $im su=$

    AA

    ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#

    'lea+e in"ia # g"'

    A0

    in#ense in#ernal s#ruggle as $is
    +2 , =$as#i#%6 I# 2as a s#ruggle
    2$i=$1 in ne ,rm r an#$er1
    2ul" /e 2i#$ $im ,r #$e res# ,
    $is li,e6
    I# 2as1 $2e+er1 in #$e ra=ial
    s#ruggle $e'" un"er#a.en "uring
    $is ,irs# 2ee. in Su#$ A,ri=a
    #$a# )an"$i enun=ia#e" #$e #2
    "=#rines 2$i=$ 2ul" ma.e
    $im 2rl"D,amusH nnD+ilen=e
    an" =i+il "is/e"ien=e6
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    I# 2as a (assage ,rm #$e Bi/le
    2$i=$ $a" ,irs# se# )an"$i
    me"i#a#ing n nnD+ilen=e6 He
    $a" /een +er2$elme" /%
    &$ris#'s a"mni#in # $is
    ,ll2ers # #urn #$e #$er =$ee.
    # #$eir aggressrs6 T$e U#ile
    man $a" alrea"% a((lie" #$e
    "=#rine $imsel,1 s#i=all%
    su/mi##ing # #$e /ea#ings ,
    numerus 2$i#e aggressrs6 T$e
    ($ils($% , an e%e ,r a$ e%e
    le" nl% # a 2rl" , #iie\/lin"1
    $e reasne"6 Yu "n'# =$ange a
    man's =n+i=#ins /% =$((ing
    ,, $is $ea" r in,use $is $ear#
    2i#$ a ne2 s(iri# /% (u##ing a
    /ulle# #$rug$ i#6 -ilen=e nl%
    /ru#aliQes #$e +ilen# an"
    em/i##ers i#s +i=#ims6 )an"$i
    sug$# a "=#rine #$a# 2ul"
    ,r=e =$ange /% #$e eCam(le ,
    #$e g"1 re=n=ile men 2i#$ #$e
    s#reng#$ , )" ins#ea" ,
    "i+i"ing #$em /% #$e s#reng#$ ,
    manS
    T$e Su#$ A,ri=an g+ernmen#
    ,urnis$e" $im an ((r#uni#% #
    #es# $is s#ill $al,D,rmula#e"
    #$eries in #$e au#umn , 37496
    T$e ==asin 2as a la2 2$i=$
    2ul" $a+e ,r=e" all In"ians
    +er #$e age , eig$# # regis#er
    2i#$ #$e g+ernmen#1 /e
    ,inger(rin#e" an" =arr% s(e=ial
    i"en#i#% =ar"s6 On 33 Se(#em/er1
    /e,re a ga#$ering , angr%
    In"ians in #$e Em(ire T$ea#re in
    J$annes/urg1 )an"$i #. #$e
    s#an" # (r#es# agains# #$e la26
    ]
    T /e% i#1 $e sai"1 2ul" lea" #
    #$e "es#ru=#in , #$eir =mD
    muni#%6 FT$ere is nl% ne
    =urse (en # me1' $e "e=lare"1
    '# "ie
    /u# n# # su/mi#D# #$e la26' !r
    #$e ,irs# #ime in $is li,e $e le" a
    (u/li= assem/l% in a slemn
    +2 /e,re )" # resis# an
    unBus# la21
    2$a#e+er #$e =nse'uen=es6
    )an"$i "i" n# eC(lain # $is
    au"ien=e
    $2 #$e% 2ul" resis# #$e la26
    Pr/a/l% $e $imsel, "i" n#
    .n26
    Onl% ne #$ing 2as =learT i#
    2ul" /e resis#e" 2i#$u#
    +ilen=e6 U
    T$e ne2 (rin=i(le , (li#i=al
    an" s=ial s#ruggle /rn in #$e
    Em(ire T$ea#re sn $a" a
    name1 Sa#%agra$a1 Tru#$ !r=e6
    )an"$i rganiQe" a /%=## ,
    #$e regis#ra#in (r=e"ures an"
    (ea=e,ul (i=.e#ing , #$e
    regis#ra#in =en#res6 His a=#ins
    earne" $im #$e ,irs# , $is li,e's
    numerus Bail sen#en=es6
    @$ile in Bail1 )an"$i
    en=un#ere" #$e se=n" , #$e
    se=ular 2r.s 2$i=$ 2ul"
    "ee(l% in,luen=e $is #$ug$#1
    Henr% T$reau's essa% On &i+il
    Dis/e"ien=e'> Pr#es#ing
    agains# a US g+ernmen# #$a#
    > T$e #$ir" 2as Le Tls#%'s
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    T$e *ing"m , )" is @i#$in
    Yu6 He a"mire" Tls#%'s
    insis#en=e n a((l%ing $is mral
    (rin=i(les in $is "ail% li,e6
    =n"ne" sla+er% an" 2as
    ,ig$#ing an unBus# 2ar in
    MeCi=1 T$reau asser#e" #$e
    in"i+i"ual's rig$# # ignre unBus#
    la2s an" re,use $is allegian=e #
    a g+ernmen# 2$se #%rann% $a"
    /e=me un/eara/le6 T /e rig$#1
    $e sai"1 2as mre $nura/le
    #$an # /e la2Da/i"ing6
    T$reau's essa% 2as a =a#al%s# #
    #$ug$#s alrea"% s#irring in
    )an"$i6 Release" ,rm Bail1 $e
    "e=i"e" # a((l% #$em in (r#es#
    agains# a "e=isin , #$e
    Trans+aal # =lse i#s /r"ers #
    In"ians6 On 9 N+em/er 373?1
    54?8 men1 358 2men1 an" 08
    =$il"ren1 )an"$i a# #$eir $ea"1
    s#age" a nnD+ilen# mar=$ n
    #$e Trans+aal's ,rn#iers6 T$eir
    =er#ain "es#in% 2as Bail1 #$eir
    nl% sure re2ar" a ,rig$#,ul
    /ea#ing6
    @a#=$ing #$a# (a#$e#i=1
    /e"raggle" #r( 2al.ing
    =n,i"en#l% alng /e$in" $im1
    )an"$i eC(erien=e" an#$er
    illumina#ing re+ela#in6 T$se
    2re#=$es $a" n#$ing # l.
    ,r2ar" # /u# (ain6 Arme"
    2$i#e +igilan#es 2ai#e" a# #$e
    /r"er1 (er$a(s # .ill #$em6 Ye#
    ,ire" /% ,ai#$ in $im an" #$e
    =ause # 2$i=$ $e'" =alle" #$em1
    #$e% mar=$e" in $is ,#s#e(s1
    rea"%1 in )an"$i's 2r"s1 #
    'mel# #$eir enemies' $ear#s /%
    sel,Dsu,,ering'6
    )an"$i su""enl% sense" in #$eir
    'uie# reslu#in 2$a# mass1
    nn+ilen# a=#in mig$# /e=me6
    T$ere n #$e /r"ers , #$e
    Trans+aal $e realiQe" #$e
    enrmus (ssi/ili#ies in$eren#
    in #$e m+emen# $e'" (r+.e"6
    T$e ,e2 $un"re"s /e$in" $im
    #$a# N+em/er "a% =ul"
    /e=me $un"re"s , #$usan"s1
    a #i"e ren"ere" irresis#i/le /% an
    uns$a.ea/le ,ai#$ in #$e nnD
    +ilen# i"eal6
    Perse=u#in1 ,lgging1 Bailing1
    e=nmi= san=#ins ,ll2e"
    #$eir a=#in1 /u# #$e% =ul" n#
    /rea. #$e m+emen#6 His
    A,ri=an =rusa"e en"e" in alms#
    ##al +i=#r% in 373A6 He =ul"
    g $me a# las#6
    T$e )an"$i 2$ le,# Su#$
    A,ri=a in Jul% 373A 2as a ##all%
    "i,,eren# (ersn ,rm #$e #imi"
    %ung la2%er 2$'" lan"e" in
    Dur/an6 He $a" "is=+ere" n
    i#s in$s(i#a/le sil $is #$ree
    #ea=$ers1 Rus.in1 Tls#% an"
    T$reau6 !rm $is eC(erien=e $e
    $a" e+l+e" #$e #2 "=#rines1
    nnD+ilen=e an" =i+il
    "is/e"ien=e1 2i#$ 2$i=$1 +er
    #$e neC# #$ir#% %ears1 $e 2ul"
    $um/le #$e ms# (2er,ul
    em(ire in #$e 2rl"6
    An enrmus =r2" ga+e
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    )an"$i a $er's 2el=me 2$en
    $is "iminu#i+e ,igure (asse"
    un"er #$e s(ans , Bm/a%'s
    )a#e2a% , In"ia n 7 Januar%
    37306 T$e s(are sui#=ase , #$e
    lea"er (assing un"er #$a#
    im(erial ar=$2a% =n#aine" ne
    signi,i=an# i#em6 I# 2as a #$i=.
    /un"le , (a(er =+ere" 2i#$
    )an"$i's $an"2ri##en (rse6 I#s
    #i#le Hin" S2araB D 'In"ian Hme
    Rule'1 ma"e ne #$ing =learS ^
    T$e #2 men $el" remar.a/l%
    similar +ie2s n nnD+ilen=e1
    e"u=a#in1 "ie#1 in"us#rialiQa#in1
    an" =rres(n"e" /rie,l% /e,re
    Tls#%'s "ea#$6

    A9

    ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#

    'lea+e in"ia # g"'

    A8

    A,ri=a1 ,r )an"$i1 $a" /een
    nl% a #raining grun" ,r #$e
    real /a##le , $is li,e6
    )an"$i se##le" near #$e in"us#rial
    =i#% , A$me"a/a" n #$e /an.s
    , #$e Sa/anna#i Ri+er 2$ere $e
    ,un"e" an as$ram1 a =mmunal
    ,arm similar # #$se $e'"
    ,un"e" in Su#$ A,ri=a6 As
    al2a%s1 )an"$i's ,irs# =n=ern
    2as ,r #$e (r6 He rganiQe"
    #$e in"ig ,armers , Bi$ar
    agains# #$e ((ressi+e eCa=#ins
    , #$eir Bri#is$ lan"lr"s1 #$e
    (easan#s , #$e "rug$#Ds#ri=.en
    (r+in=e , Bm/a% agains#
    #$eir #aCes1 #$e 2r.ers in
    A$me"a/a"'s #eC#ile mills
    agains# #$e em(l%ers 2$se
    =n#ri/u#ins sus#aine" $is
    as$ram6 !r #$e ,irs# #ime1 an
    In"ian lea"er 2as a""ressing
    $imsel, # #$e miseries , In"ia's
    masses6 Sn Ra/in"rana#$
    Tagre1 In"ia's N/el
    PriQe2inner1 =n,erre" n
    )an"$i #$e a((ella#in $e 2ul"
    =arr% ,r #$e res# , $is li,e1
    'Ma$a#ma'6 T$e )rea# Sul in
    Beggar's )ar/1' $e =alle" $im6
    Li.e ms# In"ians1 )an"$i 2as
    l%al # Bri#ain in @rl" @ar I1
    =n+in=e" Bri#ain in re#urn
    2ul" gi+e a s%m(a#$e#i=
    $earing # In"ia's na#inalis#
    as(ira#ins6 )an"$i 2as 2rng6
    Bri#ain ins#ea" (asse" #$e
    R2la## A=# in 37371 # re(ress
    agi#a#in ,r In"ian ,ree"m6 !r
    2ee.s )an"$i me"i#a#e"1
    see.ing a #a=#i= 2i#$ 2$i=$ #
    res(n" # Bri#ain's reBe=#in ,
    In"ia's $(es6 T$e i"ea ,r a
    re(l% =ame # $im in a "ream6 I#
    2as /rillian#l%1 s#unningl%
    sim(le6 In"ia 2ul" (r#es#1 $e
    "e=ree"1 2i#$ silen=e1 a s(e=ial
    eerie silen=e6 He 2ul" "
    sme#$ing n ne $a" e+er
    "reame" , "ing /e,reT $e
    2ul" imm/iliQe all In"ia in
    #$e 'uie# =$ill , a "a% ,
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    murning1 a $ar#al1S6 +U I4 S6
    Li.e s man% , )an"$i's
    (li#i=al i"eas1 #$e (lan re,le=#e"
    $is ins#in=#i+e genius ,r #a=#i=s
    #$a# =ul" /e enun=ia#e" in ,e2
    2r"s1 un"ers#" /% #$e
    sim(les# min"s1 (u# in# (ra=#i=e
    2i#$ #$e ms# r"inar% ges#ures6
    T ,ll2 $im1 $is su((r#ers
    "i" n# $a+e # /rea. #$e la2 r
    /ra+e (li=e =lu/s6 T$e% $a"
    nl% # " n#$ing6 B% =lsing
    #$eir s$(s1 lea+ing #$eir
    =lassrms1 ging # #$eir
    #em(les # (ra% r Bus# s#a%ing a#
    $me1 In"ians =ul" "emns#ra#e
    #$eir sli"ari#% 2i#$ $is (r#es#
    =all6 He =$se 8 A(ril 3737 as
    #$e "a% , $is $ar#al6 I# 2as $is
    ,irs# +er# a=# agains# #$e
    )+ernmen# , In"ia6 Le# In"ia
    s#an" s#ill1 $e urge"1 an" le#
    In"ia's ((ressrs lis#en # #$e
    uns(.en message , $er silen#
    masses6
    Un,r#una#el%1 #$se masses
    2ere n# e+er%2$ere silen#6
    Ri#s eru(#e"6 T$e ms# serius
    2ere in Amri#sar in #$e PunBa/6
    T (r#es# agains# #$e res#ri=#ins
    =lam(e" n #$eir =i#% as a resul#1
    #$usan"s , In"ians ga#$ere" n
    3? A(ril1 ,r a (ea=e,ul /u#
    illegal mee#ing in a s#neD an"
    "e/risDli##ere" =m(un" =alle"
    Jallian2alla Bag$6
    T$ere 2as nl% ne en#ran=e #
    #$e =m(un" "2n a narr2
    alle% /e#2een #2 /uil"ings6
    T$rug$ i#1 Bus# a,#er #$e mee#ing
    $a"
    # /egun1 mar=$e"
    Amri#sar's Mar#ial La2
    &mman"er1 Briga"ier
    R6 E6 D%er1 a# #$e $ea" , ,i,#%
    sl"iers6 He s#a#ine" $is men n
    ei#$er si"e , #$e en#r% an"1
    2i#$u# 2arning1 (ene" ,ire
    2i#$ ma=$ineDguns n #$e
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    minu#es1 2$ile #$e #ra((e"
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    sl"iers ,ire"6 T$e% ,ire" 3904
    run"s6 T$eir /ulle#s .ille" r
    2un"e" 3039 (e(le6
    &n+in=e" $e'" '"ne a Bll%
    g" #$ing'1 D%er mar=$e" $is
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    #urning (in# in #$e $is#r% ,
    AnglDIn"ian rela#ins1 mre
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    )an"$i i# 2as #$e ,inal /rea=$ ,
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    s%nn%mus 2i#$ In"ia's
    na#inalis# as(ira#ins6
    T$e i"ea #$a# #$e &ngress Par#%
    mig$# ne "a% /e=me #$e ,=al
    (in# , mass agi#a#in agains#
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    surel% $a+e $rri,ie" #$e
    "igni,ie" Englis$ =i+il ser+an#
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    2$ $a" ,un"e" #$e (ar#% in
    3::06 A=#ing 2i#$ #$e /lessings
    , #$e -i=er%1 O=#a+ian Hume
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    in# a m"era#e1 res(nsi/le
    /"% (re(are" # engage in
    gen#lemanl% "ialgue 2i#$
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    =n+er# i# in# a mass m+emen#
    a##une" # $is nnD+ilen# =ree"1
    )an"$i (resen#e" #$e (ar#% 2i#$
    a (lan , a=#in in &al=u##a in
    37546 I# 2as a"(#e" /% an +erD
    IS 2$elming maBri#%6 !rm #$a#
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    )an"$i 2as &ngress's
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    un'ues#ine" lea"er , #$e
    in"e(en"en=e s#ruggle6
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    na#inal $ar#al1 )an"$i's ne2
    #a=#i= 2as
    I ele=#ri,%ingl% sim(le1 a
    ne 2r" (rgramme ,r
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    nnD=D(era#in6 In"ians1 $e
    "e=ree"1 2ul" /%=## 2$a#e+er
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    Bri#is$H s#u"en#s 2ul" /%=##
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    > D%er 2as re(riman"e" ,r $is
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    n $is /e$al,1 amas6ing #$e #$en
    (r"igius sum , O591444 #
    ease #$e rigurs , $is (rema#ure
    re#iremen#6

    'LEA-E INDIA TO )OD'

    A7

    rem#e =rners , In"ia
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    sme #rium($an# #r($% +er a
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    +ilen=e6

    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    04

    ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#

    'lea+e in"ia # g"'

    03

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    se"i#in1 an" in a m+ing a((eal
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    #$e s$reDlines1 #$e gi,# , #$e
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    2ee.s' in=me6
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    On 35 Mar=$ 37?41 a# 96?4 in
    #$e mrning1 $is /am/ s#a+e
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    #$e Huse , &mmns $a"
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    assem/le" an" gui"e" #$e Bri#is$
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    Em(ire6 T$eir "e/a#es an"
    "e=isins $a" ,iCe" #$e "es#in%
    , $al, a /illin $uman /eings
    s=a##ere" arun" #$e gl/e an"
    $el(e" im(se #$e "mina#in ,
    a 2$i#e1 &$ris#ian1 Eur(ean
    eli#e n +er a #$ir" , #$e ear#$'s
    in$a/i#a/le lan" sur,a=e6
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    mem/ers , #$e Huse ,
    &mmns s$i+ere" in #$e
    melan=$l% s$a"2s s#re#=$ing
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    =rners , #$eir un$ea#e" $all #
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    man% , $is =n+i=#ins6 He
    glrie" in e+er% =rner , #$e
    realm /u# ,r nne ,

    'LEA-E INDIA TO )OD'

    0?

    "ra,#e"6 I# "e,ine" #$e ne2
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT

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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    In"iaT i# $a" g"ne a lng 2a% #
    ma.ing sure #$a#1 /e,re lea+ing
    #$e =un#r%1 #$e% 2ul" ,eel
    =m(elle" # "i+i"e i#6
    T$is 2ul" /e )an"$i's las#
    sBurn in a Bri#is$ (risn6 B%
    #$e ime i# en"e" #$e l" man
    2ul" $a+e s(en# a ##al , 5??:
    "a%s in ail1 5A7 in Su#$ A,ri=a1
    54:7 in In"ia6 )an"$i's .ee(ers
    =n,ine" im n# # #$e ,amiliar
    grun"s , #$e Yera+"a Bail
    2$ere $e $a" $ea"% s(en# s
    mu=$ #ime /u# in #$e near/%
    (ala=e , #$e Aga $an6 !i+e
    mn#$s a,#er $is (risn #erm
    /egan1 )an"$i annun=e" H 2as
    ging # un"er#a.e a 53D"a% ,as#6
    T$e reasns /e$in" i# 2ere <
    s=ure1 /u# #$e Bri#is$ 2ere in n
    m" # =m(rmise6 &$ur=$ill
    ,rme" Ne2 Del$i #$a#1 i,
    )an"$i 2an#e" # s#ar+e $imsel,
    # a#$1 $e 2as ,ree # g a$ea"
    an" " s6
    Mi"2a% #$rug$ #$e ,as#1
    )an"$i /egan # sin.6
    Un%iel"ing1 #$e i#is$ s#ar#e"
    "is=ree# (re(ara#ins ,r $is
    "ea#$6 T2 Bra$min es#s 2ere
    /rug$# # #$e (risn an" $el" in
    rea"iness # ,,i=ia#e
    93
    'lea+e in"ia # g">
    a# #$e =rema#in6 Un"er #$e
    =+er , "ar.ness #$e
    san"al2" ,r $is ,uneral (%re
    2as se=re#l% #a.en in# #$e
    (ala=e6 E+er%ne 2as rea"% ,r
    $is "ea#$ eC=e(# #$e 8AD%earDl"
    )an"$i6 He $a" 2eig$e" less
    #$an 334 (un"s 2$en #$e ,as#
    /egan6 Ye# 53 "a%s n a "ie# ,
    2a#er miCe" 2i#$ sal# an"1an
    ==asinal "r( , lemn an"
    msDam/i Bui=e =ul"n'# .ill $is
    #2ering s(iri#6 He sur+i+e" $is
    sel,Dim(se" r"eal6
    An#$er ne a2ai#e" $im1
    $2e+er6 T$e san"al2" #$a#
    $a" /een "es#ine" ,r $is
    =rema#in 2ul" ,ee" #$e ,lames
    , an#$er ,uneral (%re1 $is
    2i,e's6 On 55 !e/ruar% 37AA #$e
    2man $e $a" marrie" as an
    illi#era#e1 #$ir#eenD%earDl" =$il"
    "ie"1 $er $ea" res#ing in
    )an"$i's la(6 )an"$i $a" n#
    /een (re(are" # "isa+2 a
    (rin=i(le # sa+e $er li,e6 He
    /elie+e" in na#ure =ures an" $e
    als ' /elie+e" #$a# # a"minis#er
    me"i=ine /% $%("ermi= nee"le
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    (er,rme" a +ilen# a=#in u(n
    #$e $uman /"%6 A2are #$a# $is
    2i,e 2as "%ing ,rm a=u#e
    /rn=$i#is1 #$e Bri#is$ ,le2 a
    su((l% , rare an" (re=ius
    (eni=illin # #$e (risn6 Bu# a#
    #$e las# minu#e1 2$en )an"$i
    learne" #$e "rug 2$i=$ =ul"
    $a+e sa+e" $is "%ing 2i,e 2ul"
    $a+e # /e a"minis#ere"
    in#ra+enusl%1 $e $a" re,use" $er
    "=#rs (ermissin # gi+e i# #
    $er6SS-g1
    A,#er $er "ea#$1 )an"$i's 2n
    $eal#n ,aile" ra(i"l%6 He
    =n#ra=#e" malaria1 $.2rm
    an" ame/i= "%sen#er%6 In $is
    2ea.ene" an" "e(resse" s#a#e1 i#
    2as =lear $e 2ul" n# sur+i+e
    lng6 A relu=#an# &$ur=$ill 2as
    ,inall% (re+aile" n # release
    $im s $e 2ul" n# "ie in a
    Bri#is$ Bail6
    He 2as n# ging # "ie in a
    Bri#is$ In"ia1 ei#$er6 Ens=n=e"
    in a $u# n #$e /ea=$,rn# es#a#e
    , a 2eal#$% su((r#er near
    Bm/a%1 )an"$i sl2l%
    re=+ere" $is $eal#$6 As $e "i"
    s1 &$ur=$ill1 2$ $a" n#
    /#$ere" # re(l% # $is -i=er%'s
    urgen# =a/les n In"ia's gr2ing
    ,amine1 sen# Ne2 Del$i a
    (e#ulan# =a/le6 @$%1 $e as.e"1
    $a"n'# )an"$i "ie" %e#?
    A ,e2 "a%s la#er1 )an"$i's $s#
    en#ere" $is $u# # ,in" ne , #$e
    Ma$a#ma's ,ll2ers s#an"ing n
    $is $ea"1 an#$er in
    #rans=en"en#al me"i#a#in1 a
    #$ir" aslee( n #$e ,lr an" #$e
    Ma$a#ma $imsel, n $is (en
    #ile# s#aring ra(#l% in# s(a=e6
    He /urs# in# gales , laug$#er6
    @$%1 )an"$i as.e" as $e
    emerge" ,rm $is #ile#1 2as $e
    laug$ing?
    'A$ Ba(u1' laug$e" $is $s#1
    'l. a# #$is rmH ne man
    s#an"ing n $is $ea"1 an#$er
    me"i#a#ing1 a #$ir" slee(ing1 %u
    n %ur #ile# Dan" #$ese are #$e
    (e(le 2$ are ging # ma.e
    In"ia ,ree!'

    95

    ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#

    'lea+e in"ia # g"'

    Nrl$l# Air(r#1 54 Mar=$ 37A8
    T$e air=ra,# 2ai#e" in #$e earl%
    mrning lig$# n #$e run2a% ,
    Nr#$l# air(r# 2$ere1 #2 an"
    a $al, mn#$s earlier1 Luis
    Mun#/a##en $a" lan"e" n Ne2
    Year's Da%6 &$arles Smi#$1 $is
    +ale#1 $a" alrea"% s#2e" n
    /ar" #$e Mun#/a##ens'
    (ersnal luggage1 99 (ie=es1 a
    =lle=#in s =m(le#e i#
    in=lu"e" a se# , sil+er as$#ra%s
    2i#$ #$e ne2 -i=er%'s ,amil%
    =res#6 His 2i,e $a" =asuall%
    (la=e" in #$e +er$ea" ra=. an
    l" s$eD/C6 !in"ing i# 2ul"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    =ause a mmen# , (ani= n #$e
    ,lig$# (u#6 Pa=.e" insi"e 2as a
    ,amil% $eirlm1 a "iamn" #iara
    La"% Mun#/a##en 2ul" 2ear
    2$en s$e 2as (r=laime"
    -i=ereine6
    S#2e" a2a% als 2ere all #$e
    "=umen#s1 #$e /rie,s1 #$e
    (si#in (a(ers #$e ne2 -i=er%
    an" $is s#a,, 2ul" $a+e # gui"e
    #$em in #$e mn#$s a$ea"6 T$e
    ms# im(r#an# amng #$em
    =+ere" nl% #2 (ages an" 2as
    signe" /% &lemen# A##lee6 I# se#
    u# #$e #erms , Mun#/a##en's
    missin6 N -i=er% $a" e+er
    re=ei+e" a man"a#e li.e i#6
    Mun#/a##en $a"1 ,r all
    (ra=#i=al (ur(ses1 2ri##en i#
    $imsel,6 I#s #erms 2ere =lear an"
    sim(le6 He 2as # ma.e e+er%
    e,,r# # arrange ,r #$e #rans,er
    , Bri#is$ s+ereign#% in In"ia #
    a single1 in"e(en"en# na#in
    2i#$in #$e &mmn2eal#$ /% ?4
    June 37A:6 As a gui"e $e 2as #
    ,ll2 as ,ar as (ssi/le a (lan
    ,rmula#e" eig$# mn#$s earlier
    /% a =a/ine# missin sen# # Ne2
    Del$i un"er #$e =$airmans$i( ,
    Sir S#a,,r" &ri((s6 I# (r(se"1
    as a =m(rmise 2i#$ #$e
    Mslem "eman" ,r Pa.is#an1 a
    ,e"era#e" In"ia 2i#$ a 2ea.
    =en#ral g+ernmen#6 T$ere 2as1
    $2e+er1 n 'ues#in , ,r=ing
    an agreemen# u# , In"ia's
    2arring (li#i=ians6 I, /% 3
    O=#/er1 siC mn#$s a,#er #a.ing
    (2er1 Mun#/a##en sa2 n 2a%
    , ge##ing #$em # agree n a
    (lan ,r a uni#e" In"ia1 #$en $e
    2as # re=mmen" $is
    al#erna#i+e slu#in # In"ia's
    "ilemma6
    As $is Yr. M@345> 2en#
    #$rug$ i#s ,inal =$e=.s1 Mun#D
    > Mun#/a##en 2as (ar#i=ularl%
    a##a=$e" # #$e =n+er#e"
    Lan=as#er /m/er6 I# $a" ,l2n
    $im n =un#less missins
    "uring $is "a%s as Su(reme
    &mman"er Su#$DEas# Asia6 He
    $a" ,i##e" i# u# 2i#$ /un.s ,r a
    relie, =re2 2$i=$ 2ul" s$r#en
    #$e #ime re'uire" ,r #$e
    Ln"nDDel$i Burne% /%
    elimina#ing =re2s ?es# s#(s n
    #$e grun"6
    T$e (lane1 in ,a=# +er% nearl%
    .e(# $im ,rm ging # In"ia a#
    all6 One "a%1 Mun#/a##en
    $a((ene" # /e in $is Ln"n
    ,,i=e 2$en an RA! )ru(
    &a(#ain aile" $is AD&1 L#D&l
    Pe#er H2es1 # a"sise $im $a#
    #$e Yr. M@ 345 +ul" n# /e
    a+aila/le ,r use /% #$e ne2
    -i=er%6 Mun#/a##en #. #$e
    ($ne rm $is AD&s $an"s6
    ')ru( &a(#ain1' $e sai"1 'I 2is$
    # #$an. %u6'
    T$an. me?' sai" #$e (er(leCe"
    ,,i=er6
    'Yes1' =n#inue" Mun#/a##en6
    'Yu see 2$en I a==e(#e" #$is
    a((in#men#1 I /a##en (a=e" #$e
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #arma= alngsi"e 2i#$ #2 , $is
    l" 2ar#ime =mra"es 2$ 2ere
    ging ,, # In"ia 2i#$ $im6
    &a(#6 Rnal" Br=.man1 $ea" ,
    $is (ersnal s#a,,1 an" L#D
    &mman"er Pe#er H2es1 $is
    senir AD&6 On $2 man% #ri(s1
    Br=.man #$ug$#1 $a" #$a#
    =n+er#e" Lan=as#er /m/er
    =arrie" Mun#/a##en # ,rn#Dline
    (s#s in #$e Bungles , Burma1 #
    #$e grea# =n,eren=es , #$e 2ar6
    Besi"e $im1 #$e usuall% e/ullien#
    A"miral 2as m"% an"
    in#rs(e=#i+e6 T$e =re2man
    annun=e" #$e ,lig$# 2as rea"%6
    '@ell1' sig$e" Mun#/a##en1
    '2e're ,, # In"ia6 I "n'# 2an# #
    g6 T$e% "n'# 2an# me u#
    #$ere6 @e'll (r/a/l% =me $me
    2i#$ /ulle#s in ur /a=.s6'
    T$e #$ree men mun#e" #$e
    air=ra,#6 T$e engines =ame #
    li,e6 T$e Yr. ,le" "2n #$e
    run2a%1 =u# a=rss #$e sun an"
    (in#e" eas# # In"ia # =lse #$e
    grea# a"+en#ure &a(#6 Ha2.ins
    $a" /egun /% sailing eas# in $is
    gallen #$e He=#r1 #$ree an" a
    $al, =en#uries earlier6
    s#i(ula#e" as ne , m%
    =n"i#ins #$a# I s$ul" /e
    all2e" # #a.e #$e Yr. # Del$i
    2i#$ me6 Yu #ell me I =ann#
    $a+e #$is air=ra,# an" I am ms#
    gra#e,ul # %u6 I "i" n# 2an# #
    /e -i=er% , In"ia an" n2
    %u'+e sa+e" me ,rm #$e B/6'
    A s#unne" silen=e se##le" +er
    #$e rm as $e $ung u(6 @i#$in
    minu#es $e $a" $is (lane6

    a las# #a## ,r #$e "%ing raB

    90

    A
    A Las# Ta## ,r #$e D%ing RaB
    Peni#en#'s Prgress III
    ##$ing =ul" s#( $im6 !ire" /%
    $is un'uen=$a/le s(iri#1 #$e l"
    #an "r+e $is /are an" a=$ing
    ,ee# ,rm +illage # +illage1
    a((l%ing le /alm , $is l+e #
    In"ia's sres6 Sl2l%1 #$e 2un"s
    /egan # sal6 In #$e 2a.e ,
    )an"$i's 2an an" /en#
    sil$ue##e1 #$e (assins Ile"6
    Timi"l%1 un=er#ainl%1 (ea=e
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    s(rea" i#s man#le +er #$e /l"D
    ren=$e" mars$es , Na.$ali6
    I#s re#urn "i" n# en" )an"$i's
    su,,ering1 $2e+er6 A (ri+a#e
    Dama $a" a==m(anie" $im n
    $is mar=$ alng #$se $a#eD,ille"
    i#(a#$s1 a "rama 2$se
    "imensins 2ul" e+en#uall%
    s=an"aliQe ime , $is l"es#
    ass=ia#es1 alarm millins ,
    In"ians1 an" /a,,le e $is#rians
    2$ 2ul" ne "a% a##em(# #
    =m(re$en" all #$e =e#s ,
    M$an"as )an"$i's =m(leC
    =$ara=#er6 I# 2ul" als "u=e
    ne , #$e gra+es# (ersnal =rises
    in #$e ,i,e , #$e 88D%earD" man
    2$ 2as #$e =ns=ien=e , In"ia6
    Ye# i#s r#s 2ere in n 2a%
    sun. in #$e grea# (li#i=al
    s#ruggle , /i=$ $e'" /een #$e
    (rin=i(al ,igure ,r a 'uar#er , a
    =en#ur%1 le% la% in #$a# ,r=e
    2$i=$ )an"$i $a" s#ruggle" #
    su/lima#e an" n#rl ,r ,r#%
    %ears1 seC6 I#s l=us 2as a
    nine#eenD%earDl" gVrl1 an"$i's
    grea#Dnie=e1 Manu6 Manu $a"
    /een raise" /% )an"$i an" 0
    2i,e as #$eir 2n gran""aug$#er6
    S$e $a" nurse" *as#ur/ai in"$i
    n $er "ea#$/e" an"1 /e,re
    "%ing1 *as#ur/a $a" =n,i"e" r
    # $er $us/an"'s =are6
    'I'+e /een a ,a#$er # man%1'
    )an"$i (rmise" #$e girl1 '# %u
    I l a m#$er6' He ,usse" +er $er
    li.e a m#$er1 su(er+ising $er1
    Tss1 $er "ie#1 $er e"u=a#in1 $er
    religius #raining6 T$e (r/lem
    li=$ arse in Na.$ali $a" /egun
    in a =n+ersa#in /e#2een #$em
    i# /e,re )an"$i se# u# n $is
    (ilgrimage6 @i#$ #$e s$%ness ,
    a ung girl =n,essing sme#$ing
    # $er m#$er1 Manu $a"
    a"mi##e" )an"$i s$e $a" ne+er
    ,el# #$e seCual im(ulses nrmal
    in a girl , r age6
    T )an"$i1 2i#$ $is =n+lu#e"
    ($ils($% , seC1 $er 2r"s $a"
    >ial im(r#an=e6 Sin=e $e $a"
    s2rn $is 2n +2 , =$as#i#%1
    n"$i $a" main#aine" #$a# seCual
    =n#inen=e 2as #$e ms# imDr#an#
    "is=i(line $is #rul% nnD+ilen#
    ,ll2ers1 male an" ,emale1 i #
    mas#er6 His i"eal nnD+ilen#
    arm% 2ul" /e =m(se" , less
    sl"iers /e=ause #$er2ise1
    )an"$i ,eare"1 #$eir mral sng#$
    2ul" "eser# #$em a# a =ri#i=al
    mmen#6
    )an"$i sa2 in Manu's 2r"s #$e
    =$an=e # ma.e , $er #$e
    (er,e=# ,emale +#ar%6 'I, u# ,
    In"ia's niillins , "aug$#ers1 I
    =an #rain e+en ne in# an i"eal
    2man /% /e=ming an i"eal
    m#$er # %u1' $e #l" $er1 'I
    s$all $a+e ren"ere" a uni'ue
    ser+i=e # 2man.in"6' Bu# ,irs#1
    $e ,el# $e $a" # /e sure s$e 2as
    #elling #$e #ru#$6 Onl% $is =lses#
    =lla/ra#rs 2ere
    a==m(an%ing $im in Na.$ali1
    $e in,rme" $er1 /u# s$e 2ul"
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    /e 2el=me (r+i"e" s$e
    su/mi##e" # $is "is=i(line an"
    2en# #$rug$ #$e #es# # 2$i=$
    $e mean# # su/Be=# $er6
    T$e% 2ul"1 $e "e=ree"1 s$are
    ea=$ nig$# #$e =ru"e s#ra2 (alle#
    2$i=$ (asse" ,r $is /e"6 He
    regar"e" $imsel, as a m#$erT
    s$e $a" sai" s$e ,un" n#$ing
    /u# a m#$er's l+e in $im6 I,
    #$e% 2ere /#$ #ru#$,ul1 i, $e
    remaine" ,irm in $is an=ien# +2
    , =$as#i#% an" s$e $a" ne+er
    .n2n seCual arusal1 #$en #$e%
    2ul" /e a/le # lie #ge#$er in
    #$e inn=en=e , a m#$er an"
    "aug$#er6 I, ne , #$em 2as n#
    /eing #ru#$,ul1 #$e% 2ul" sn
    "is=+er i#6
    I,1 $2e+er1 Manu 2as /eing
    #ru#$,ul #$en1 )an"$i /elie+e"1
    s$e 2ul" ,luris$ un"er $is
    =lse an" =ns#an# su(er+isin6
    His 2n seCless s#a#e 2ul"
    s#i,le an% resi"ual "esire s#ill
    lur.ing in $er6 P%gmalinDli.e1 a
    #rans,rma#in 2ul" =me +er
    $er6 S$e 2ul" "e+el( =lari#% ,
    #$ug$# an" ,irmness , s(ee=$6
    A ne2 s(iri# 2ul" su,,use #$e
    girl1 gi+ing $er a (ure1
    =r%s#alline "e+#in # #$e grea#
    #as. 2$i=$ a2ai#e" $er6
    Manu $a" a==e(#e" an" $er li#$e
    ,igure $a" ,ll2e" )an"$i's
    #ra=es a=rss #$e s2am(Dlan"s ,
    Na.$ali6 As )an"$i $a" .n2n
    i# 2ul"1 $is "e=isin $a"
    imme"ia#el% (r+.e" #$e
    =ns#erna#in , $is li##le (ar#%6
    FT$e% #$in. all #$is is a sign ,
    in,a#ua#in n m% (ar#1' $e #l"
    Manu a,#er a ,e2 nig$#s #ge#$er6
    'I laug$ a# #$eir ignran=e6 T$e%
    " n# un"ers#an"6'
    -er% ,e2 (e(le 2ul"6 Onl% #$e
    (ures# , )an"$i's ,ll2ers
    2ul" /e a/le # ,ll2 #$e
    =m(leC reasning /e$in" #$is
    la#es# mani,es#a#in , a grea#
    s(iri#ual s#ruggle1 2$i=$ ,r
    )an"$i1 2en# all #$e 2a% /a=. #
    #$a# e+ening in Su#$ A,ri=a in
    3749 2$en $e $a" annun=e" #
    $is 2i,e $is "e=isin # #a.e #$e
    +2 , Bra$ma=$ar%a1 =$as#i#%6
    In s2earing #$a# (le"ge1>
    )an"$i 2as se##ing u# n a (a#$
    alms# as l" as Hin"uism i#sel,6
    !r =un#less =en#uries1 a
    Hin"u's ru#e # sel,DrealiQa#in
    $a" (asse" /% #$e su/lima#in ,
    #$a# +i#al
    > T$e im(ulses #$rus#ing )an"$i
    # #a.e $is +2 2ere n# Hin"u
    alne6 As &$ris#'s "i=#um ,
    #urning #$e #$er =$ee. $a" /een
    +i#al in $el(ing $im ,rmula#e
    $is nnD+ilen# i"eal1 s Jesus's
    2r"s re,erring # '#$se 2$
    /e=me eunu=$s ,r m% sa.e 666
    ,r l+e , #$e *ing"m ,
    Hea+en'1 $a" ins(ire" $im in
    #a.ing $is an=ien# Hin"u (le"ge6
    99 ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#
    ,r=e res(nsi/le ,r #$e =rea#in
    , li,e6 Onl% /% ,r=ing $is
    seCual energ% in2ar" # ,uel #$e
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    ,urna=e , $is s(iri#ual ,r=e1 #$e
    Hin"u an=ien#s main#aine"1
    =ul" a man a=$ie+e #$e s(iri#ual
    in#ensi#% ne=essar% # sel,D
    realiQa#in6
    T ai" men s2rn # lea" #$e
    =$as#e li,e1 #$se Hin"u sages
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    #$e su/lima#in , $is seCual
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    arusing i# in #$em6 A
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    ,lee #$e =m(an% , 2men1'
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    "isa((ears'6
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    rgans 2ill /egin # l.
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    FT$e% remain as mere s%m/ls
    , $is seC an" $is seCual
    se=re#ins are su/lima#e" in# a
    +i#al ,r=e (er+a"ing $is 2$le
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    sug$# u# eC#i= ,"s #
    s#imula#e #$eir "esires1 )an"$i
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    T$ir#% %ears , "is=i(line1 (ra%er
    an" s(iri#ual eCer=ise 2ere
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #$e (in# a# 2$i=$ $e ,el# $e $a"
    r#e" u# all seCual "esire ,rm
    $is min" an" /"%6 His
    =n,i"en=e in $is a=$ie+emen#
    2as s$a##ere" ne nig$# in
    Bm/a% in 37?91 in 2$a# $e
    re,erre" # as 'm% "ar.es# $ur'6
    T$a# nig$#1 a# #$e age , 981
    #$ir#% %ears a,#er $e'" s2rn $is
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    a2.e ,rm a "ream 2i#$ 2$a#
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    #$a# age a sur=e
    98
    a las# #a## ,r #$e "%ing raB
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    )an"$i a =alami#%1 an ere=#in6
    T$ere1 'ui+eringZ/e#2een $is
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    $e'" /een s#ri+ing ,r #$ree
    "e=a"es6 )an"$i 2as s
    +er2$elme" /% anguis$ a# '#$is
    ,rig$#,ul eC(erien=e'1 #$a# $e
    s2re a +2 , ##al silen=e ,r
    siC 2ee.s6
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    re#rea# in# a .in" , Himala%an
    =a+e , $is 2n ma.ing6 He
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    s(iri#ual ,r=e #$r2n u( /% #$e
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    T$e "e=isin # $a+e Manu s$are
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    $is (alle# s $e =ul" gui"e mre
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    $e 2as s#ri.en 2i#$ "iarr$ea6
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    =ns=ien=e1 #$ere 2as n#$ing
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    "e=a"es6 He $a" ne+er $a" a
    "aug$#er an"1 (er$a(s1 #$e le
    ,ailure in $is li,e $a" /een in $is
    rle as a ,a#$er6 His el"es# sn1
    a/i##ere" /e=ause $e'" ,el# $is
    ,a#$er's "e+#in # #$ers $a"
    #(ri+e" $im , $is s$are ,
    (a#ernal a,,e=#in1 2as a
    $(eless al=DIli= 2$ $a"
    s#aggere" "run. # $is "%ing
    m#$er's /e"si"e6 T2
    /is #$er sns 2ere in Su#$
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    sn "i" $e enB% a nrmal ,a#$erD
    n rela#in6 In an% e+en#1
    2$a#e+er #$e eC(lana#in1 a
    "ee(1 s(iri#ual In" 2as "es#ine"
    # lin. #$e Ma$a#ma an" #$e s$%1
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    anCius # s$are $is miser%
    "uring #$e =lsing mn#$s , $is
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    s(rea" /e%n" $is en#urage1 a
    m(aign , =alumnies1 s(rea" /%
    #$e lea"ers , #$e Mslem
    League1 s2 u( a/u# )an"$i6
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    T$e ne2s rea=$e" Del$i1
    s(rea"ing in#ense =. amng #$e
    lea"ers , &ngress 2ai#ing #
    /egin #$eir =ri#i=al I.s 2i#$
    In"ia's ne2 -i=er%6
    )an"$i ,inall% =n,rn#e" #$e
    rumurs in an e+ening (ra%er
    se#ing6 Assailing #$e 'small #al.1
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    n'1 $e #l" #$e =r2" #$a# $is
    grea#Dnie=e Manu s$are" $is /e"
    #$ $im ea=$ nig$# an" eC(laine"
    2$% s$e 2as #$ere6 His 2r"s
    Ime" $is imme"ia#e =ir=le1 /u#
    2$en $e sen# #$em # $is
    ne2s(a(er +iBan # /e (u/lis$e"1
    #$e s#rm /r.e again6 T2 ,
    #$e e"i#rs i# in (r#es#6 I#s
    #rus#ees1 ,ear,ul , a s=an"al1 "i"
    sme#$ing s% $a" ne+er "reame"
    , "ing /e,re6 T$e% re,use" #
    (u/lis$ a T# 2ri##en /% #$e
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    r$e =risis rea=$e" i#s =limaC in
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    m"$i's #ur6 T$ere1 )an"$i
    re+eale" $is in#en#in # =arr%
    $is ssin # #$e (r+in=e , Bi$ar
    2$ere1 #$is #ime1 $e 2ul" 2r.
    #$ $is ,ell2 Hin"us 2$ $a"
    .ille" #$e mem/ers , a Mslem
    nri#% in #$eir mi"s#6
    His 2r"s alarme" #$e &ngress
    lea"ers$i( in Del$i 2$ ,eare" s
    e,,e=# $is rela#ins$i( 2i#$ Manu
    =ul" $a+e n Bi$ar's r#$"C
    n"u =mmuni#%6 A series ,
    emissaries "is=ree#l% as.e" $im
    # an"n i# /e,re lea+ing ,r
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    /% ne , #$se
    a las# #a## ,r #$e "%ing raB 97
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    a=$ie+e6 T$e =n=essin s$e
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    1
    AJ> ;436
    Ne2 Del$i1 Mar=$DA(ril 37A8
    In $is imma=ula#e 2$i#e na+al
    uni,rm1 '$e l.e" li.e a ,ilm
    s#ar' # #$e 5?D%earDl" =a(#ain ,
    #$e )rena"ier )uar"s Bus#
    a((in#e" ne , $is AD&s6
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    ,r #$e r%al (rgress #$rug$
    Del$i , $is un=le1 )erge -6 A#
    #$e ins#an# $is es=r# rea=$e" #$e
    (ala=e's gran" s#air=ase1 #$e
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    /ag(i(es , #$e R%al S=#s
    !usiliers s.irle" u# a (lain#i+e
    2el=me # In"ia's las# -i=er%6
    A ,ain#1 sa" smile n $is ,a=e1
    #$e u#ging -i=er%1 Lr"
    @a+ell1 2ai#e" a# #$e $ea" , #$e
    s#air=ase6 T$e +er% (resen=e in
    Ne2 Del$i , #$se #2 men
    re(resen#e" a /rea. 2i#$
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    ,rm #$e )a#e2a% , In"ia 2$ile
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    su==essr #2ar"s i#s s(ans1 #$us
    s(aring In"ia #$e em/arrassmen#
    , $a+ing #2 )"s u(n i#s sil
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    83

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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    AN OLD MAN AND
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    2$m i# $a" /een /uil#1 a
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    #$e grea# $use1 a man
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    #$e &i#% Hall , Singa(re1
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    A LAST TATTOO !OR THE
    DYIN) RAJ
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    se(ara#e" #$e /e"rm in 2l
    #$e% s#" =n#em(la#ing ea=$
    #$er an" #$e s(# n 2$i=$ $e
    as.e" E"2ina As$le% # marr%
    $im a 'uar#er , a =en#ur% /e,n
    2as 3A !e/ruar% 37551 an" #$e%
    $a" /een si##ing u# #$e ,i,#$ "a
    , a -i=er%'s /all in $nur ,
    #$e Prin=e , @ales6 T$eir $s
    #$a# e+ening1 #$e -i=ereine1 La"%
    Rea"ing1 $a" n# /een +erB= a#
    #$e ne2s6 T$e %ung
    Mun#/a##en1 s$e $a" 2ri##en #
    $is i ,ian=ee's aun#1 "i" n# $a+e
    mu=$ , a =areer /e,re $im6
    Mun#/a##en remem/ere" $er
    2r"s n26 Una/le # su((re
    smile1 $e #. $is 2i,e's arm an"
    se# u# # ins#all $er n L
    Rea"ing's gl" an" =rimsn
    #$rne6

    In"ia 2as al2a%s a lan" ,
    =eremnial s(len"ur an" n
    #$a# Mi


    mrning1 2$en Luis
    Mun#/a##en 2as # /e ma"e
    -i=er%1 #$e /len" , -i=#rian
    (m( an" Mg$ul muni,i=en=e
    #$a# $a" s#am(e" #$e ri#es , #$e
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    /e,re #$e /ra" s#air=ase
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    $ear# , -i=er%'s Huse1 2ere
    $nur guar"s ,rm #$e In"ian
    Arm%1 Na+% an" Air !r=e6
    Sa/res g$##ering in #$e mrning
    sunlig$#1 Mun#/a##en's
    /"%guar"1 in s=arle# an" gl"
    #uni=s1 2$i#e /ree=$es an"
    glis#ening /la=. lea#$er
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    Ba=./#s line" $is mar=$ # #$e
    $all6
    Insi"e1 un"er i#s 2$i#e mar/le
    "me1 #$e eli#e , In"ia 2ai#e"H
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    r/es an" =urling 2igs as Bri#is$
    as #$e la2 #$e% a"minis#ere"T #$e
    Rmans , #$e RaB1 senir
    ,,i=ers , #$e In"ian &i+il
    Ser+i=e1 #$e (ale (uri#% , #$eir
    AnglDSaCn (r,iles lea+ene"
    /% a sma##ering , mre sm/re
    In"ian ,a=esT a "elega#in ,
    ma$araBas gleaming li.e gil"e"
    (ea==.s in #$eir sa#in an"
    Be2elsT an"1 a/+e all1
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    =lleagues in )an"$i's &ngress1
    #$eir rug$ $mes(un =##n
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    nrus$ing ,u#ure6
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    Mun#/a##en's =r#ege s#e((e"
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    /ase , #$e "me /egan a mu#e"
    ,an,are1 #$eir n#es rising as #$e
    (r=essin m+e" ,r2ar"6 T$e
    lig$#s , #$e grea# $all1 "imme"
    a# ,irs#1 rse in r$%#$m # #$e
    #rum(e#s' ga#$ering =res=en"6
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    #$rug$ #$e grea# "r2a%1 #$e%
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    an" #$e #rum(e#s sen# a
    #rium($an# s2irl , sun"
    re+er/era#ing arun" #$e +aul#e"
    "me6 Slemn an" unsmiling1
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    "2n #$e =ar(e#e" aisles #2ar"s
    #$eir 2ai#ing #$rnes6
    A .in" , a((re$ensin1 a rising
    #ensin n# unli.e #$a# $e $a"
    n=e .n2n n #$e /ri"ge , #$e
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    /e,re /a##le1 =r2"e" in n
    Mun#/a##en6 Ea=$ ges#ure
    measure" # #$e gran"eur , #$e
    mmen#1 $e an" $is 2i,e m+e"
    un"er #$e =rimsn +el+e# =an(%
    s(rea" +er #$eir gil"e" #$rnes
    an" #urne" # ,a=e #$e assem/l%6
    T$e &$ie, Jus#i=e s#e((e"
    ,r2ar" an"1 $is rig$# $an"
    raise"1 Mun#/a##en slemnl%
    (rnun=e" #$e a#$ #$a# ma"e
    $im In"ia's las# -i=er%6
    As $e (rnun=e" i#s =n=lu"ing
    2r"s1 #$e rum/le , #$e =annn
    , #$e R%al Hrse Ar#iller%
    u#si"e rlle" #$rug$ #$e $all6
    A# #$a# same ins#an# all a=rss
    #$e su/D=n#inen#1 #$er =annns
    #. u( #$e (n"erus ?3Dgun
    salu#e6 A# Lan"i *#al a# #$e
    $ea" , #$e *$%/er PassT !r#
    @illiam in &al=u##a 2$ere &li+e
    $a" se# Bri#ain n #$e ra" # $er
    In"ian Em(ireT #$e Lu=.n2
    Resi"en=e 2$ere #$e Unin Ja=.
    2as ne+er s#ru=. in $nur ,
    #$e men an" 2men 2$ $a"
    "e,en"e" i# in #$e Mu#in% ,
    3:08T &a(e &mrin1 (as#
    2$se m=aQi#e san"s #$e
    gallens , Lueen EliQa/e#$ I
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    $a" saile"T ! S#6 )erge in
    Ma"ras 2$ere #$e Eas# In"ia
    &m(an% $a" i#s ,ir lan" gran#
    ins=ri/e" n a (la#e , gl"T in
    Pna1 Pes$a2ar ai SimlaT
    e+er%2$ere #$ere 2as a mili#ar%
    garrisn in In"ia1 #r(s V
    (ara"e (resen#e" arms as #$e
    ,irs# gun eC(l"e" in Del$i6
    !rn#i !r=e Ri,les1 #$e )ui"es
    &a+alr%1 H"sn's an" S.inner's
    Hn Si.$s an" Dgras1 Ja#s an"
    Pa#$ans1 )ur.$as an" Ma"ras
    (ise" 2$ile #$e =annn
    #$un"ere" u# #$eir las# #a## ,r
    # Bri#is$ RaB6
    As #$e sun" , #$e las# re(r#
    ,a"e" #$rug$ #$e "me , Dur#
    Hall1 #$e ne2 -i=er% s#e((e" #
    #$e mi=r($ne6 T$e si#ua#in
    ,a=e" 2as s serius #$a#1 agains#
    #$e a"+i=e , $is s#a,,1 Mun#/a#l
    $a" "e=i"e" # /rea. 2i#$
    #ra"i#in /% a""ressing #$e
    ga#$eri /e,re $im6
    'I am un"er n illusin a/u# #$e
    "i,,i=ul#% , m% #as.1' $e sai"
    s$all nee" #$e grea#es# g"2ill
    , #$e grea#es# (ssi/le num/er1
    a I am as.ing In"ia #"a% ,r
    #$a# g"2ill6'
    As $e ,inis$e" #$e guar"s #$re2
    (en #$e massi+e Assam #V
    "rs , #$e Hall6 Be,re
    Mun#/a##en 2as #$e /rea#$D
    #a.ing +i , *ings2a% an" i#s
    glis#ening (ls1 (lunging "2n
    #$e $ear# Ne2 Del$i6 O+er$ea"
    #$e #rum(e#s sen# u# an#$er
    s#ri"en# = Su""enl%1 2al.ing
    /a=. "2n #$e aisle1
    Mun#/a##en ,el# a((re$ensin
    sli( a2a%6 T$a# /rie, =eremn%1
    $e realiQe"1 $a" #un $im in# ne
    , #$e ms# (2er,ul men n
    ear#$6
    !r#%D,i+e minu#es la#er1 /a=. in
    =i+ilian =l#$es1 Mun#/al
    se##le" a# $is "es.6 As $e "i"1 $is
    Bama"ar =$a(rasis1 $is ,,i=e ,V
    man1 2al.e" in in $is gl"
    #ur/an /earing a green lea#$er
    "es(a /C 2$i=$ $e
    =eremniusl% se# in ,rn# , #$e
    -i=er%6 Mi /a##en (ene" i#
    an" (ulle" u# #$e "=umen#
    insi"e6 I# 2as a si =n,irma#in
    , #$e (2er 2$i=$ $e $a" Bus#
    in$eri#e"1 #$e 3 a((eal ,r mer=%
    , a man =n"emne" # "ea#$6
    !as=ina#e" $rri,ie"1
    Mun#/a##en rea" $is 2a%
    #$rug$ ea=$ "e#ail6 T$e
    in+l+e" a man 2$ $a"
    sa+agel% /ea#en $is 2i,e # "ea#$
    in , , a =r2" , 2i#nesses6 I#
    $a" /een s #$rug$l% =m/e"1
    (a #$rug$ s man% a((eals1 #$a#
    #$ere 2ere n eC#enua#ing #ire
    s#an=es # /e ,un"6
    Mun#/a##en $esi#a#e" ,r a lng
    minu#e6 T sa"l%1 $e #. a (en
    an" (er,rme" #$e ,irs# ,,i=ial
    a=# , $is S r%al#%6
    'T$ere are n grun"s ,r #$e
    eCer=ise , #$e R%al (rergT ,
    mer=%1' $e n#e" n #$e =+er6
    Be,re se##ing u# # im(se $is
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    i"eas n In"ia's (li#i=al lea
    Luis Mun#/a##en sense" $e
    $a" ,irs# # im(se $is 2n
    (ersr n In"ia6 In"ia's las#
    -i=er% mig$#1 as $e $a" gluml%
    (re"i=#e" a# Nr#$l# Air(r#1
    =me $me 2i#$ a /ulle# in $is
    /a=.1 /u# $e 2ul" /e a -i=er%
    unli.e an% #$er In"ia $a" seen6
    Mun#/a##en ,irml% /elie+e"1 'i#
    2as im(ssi/le # /e -i=er%
    2i#$u# (u##ing u( a grea#1
    /rillian# s$26' He $a" /een sen#
    # Ne2 Del$i # ge# #$e Bri#is$
    u# , In"ia1 /u# $e 2as
    "e#ermine" #$e% 2ul" g in a
    s$immer , s=arle# an" gl"1 all
    #$e l" glries , #$e RaB $ne"
    # #$e $ig$es# (i#=$ ne las# #ime6
    He r"ere" all #$e =eremnial
    #ra((ings su((resse" "uring #$e
    2ar # /e res#re"H AD&s in
    "aQQling ,ullD"ress1 guar"D
    mun#ing =eremnies1 /an"s
    (la%ing1 sa/res ,las$ing1 '#$e l#'6
    He l+e" e+er% s(len"i" mmen#
    , i#1 /u# a ,ar s$re2"er =n=ern
    #$an $is 2n "elig$# in
    (agean#r% un"erla% i#6
    T$e (m( an" (an(l% 2as
    "esigne" # gi+e $im a +i=eregal
    aura , glamur an" (2er1 #
    (r+i"e $i` a ,rame2r. 2$i=$
    2ul" gi+e $is a=#ins an a""e"
    "imensin6 He in#en"e" #
    re(la=e #$e 'O(era#in
    Ma"$use' , $is (re"e=essr /%
    an 'O(era#in Se"u=#in' , $is
    2n1 a miniDre+lu#in in s#%le
    "ire=#e" as mu=$ #2ar"s In"ia's
    masses as #$e lea"ers 2i#$ 2$m
    $e 2ul" $a+e # neg#ia#e6 I#
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    =n#ras#ing +alues1 , (a#ri=ian
    (m( an" =mmn #u=$1 , #$e
    l" s(e=#a=les , #$e "%ing RaB
    an" ne2 ini#ia#i+es (reD,iguring
    #$e In"ia , #mrr26
    S#rangel%1 Mun#/a##en /egan
    $is re+lu#in 2i#$ #$e s#r.e ,
    a (ain# /rus$6 T #$e $rrr ,
    $is ai"es1 $e r"ere" #$e glm%
    2"en (anels , #$e +i=eregal
    s#u"% in 2$i=$ s man%
    neg#ia#ins $a" ,aile"1 # /e
    =+ere" 2i#$ a lig$#1 =$eer,ul
    =a# , (ain# mre a(# # relaC
    #$e In"ian lea"ers 2i#$ 2$m
    $e'" /e "ealing6 He s$.
    -i=er%'s Huse u# , #$e
    leisurel% ru#ine i# $a"
    "e+el(e"1 #urning i# in# a
    $umming1 'uasiDmili#ar%
    $ea"'uar#ers6 He ins#i#u#e" s#a,,
    mee#ings1 sn .n2n as
    'mrning (ra%ers'1 as #$e ,irs#
    ,,i=ial a=#i+i#% , ea=$ "a%6
    Mun#/a##en as#nis$e" $is ne2
    I&S su/r"ina#es 2i#$ #$e agili#%
    , $is min"1 $is =a(a=i#% # ge# a#
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    (ara"e , =$a(rasis 2$
    #ra"i#inall% /re #$e -i=er% $is
    (a(ers ,r $is (ri+a#e
    =n#em(la#in in green lea#$er
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    "es(a#=$ /Ces6 He "i" n#
    (r(se # 2as#e $is #ime
    l=.ing an" unl=.ing /Ces an"
    (enning $an"2ri##en n#es n
    #$e margins , (a(ers in #$e
    slemn isla#in , $is s#u"%6 He
    (re,erre" #au#1 +er/al /rie,ings6
    '@$en %u 2r#e Fma% I s(ea.?F
    n a (a(er $e 2as # rea"1' ne
    , $is s#a,, re=alle"1 >%u =ul"
    /e sure %u'" s(ea.1 an" %u'"
    /e##er /e rea"% # sa% 2$a# 2as
    n %ur min" a# an% #ime1
    /e=ause #$e =all =ul" =me a#
    #2 '=l=. in #$e mrning6'
    I# 2as a/+e all #$e (u/li= image
    Mun#/a##en 2as #r%ing # =rea
    ,r $imsel, an" $is ,,i=e #$a#
    re(resen#e" a ra"i=al =$ange6 !r
    + a =en#ur%1 #$e -i=er% ,
    In"ia1 l=.e" in #$e =eremnial
    s(len"u , $is ,,i=e1 $a"
    ri+alle" #$e Dalai Lama as #$e
    ms# rem#e )" Asia's
    (an#$en6 T2 unsu==ess,ul
    assassina#in a##em(#s $a" 3V
    $im enr/e" in a ==n ,
    se=uri#%1 isla#ing $im ,rm all
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    (s#e" e+e 344 %ar"s alng i#s
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    an#+al6 Hun"re , /"%guar"s1
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    $e 2en# ri"ing1 a s'ua"rn , #l
    -i=er%'s /"%guar" an"
    se=uri#% (li=e Bgge" alng
    a,#er $im6
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    annun=e" $e an" $is 2i,e r
    "aug$#er 2ul" #a.e #$eir mrnii
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    a 2a+e , $rrr #$rug$ #$e
    $uT an" i# #. $im sme #ime
    # ge# $is 2a%6 Bu# $e "i"1 an"
    su""en #$e In"ian +illagers alng
    #$e ru#e , #$eir mrning ri"es
    /egan 2i#ness a s(e=#a=le s
    un/elie+a/le as # seem a
    mirageH #$e -i=en an" -i=ereine
    , In"ia #r##ing (as# #$em1
    2a+ing gra=iusl%1 ali an"
    un(r#e=#e"6
    T$en1 $e an" $is 2i,e ma"e an
    e+en mre re+lu#inar% ges#ui
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    $a" "eigne" # " in #2 $un"n
    %earsH +isi# #$e $me , an
    In"ian 2$ 2as n# ne , a
    $an",ul (ri+ilege" (rin=es6 T
    #$e as#nis$men# , all In"ia1 #$e
    +i=ereg =u(le 2al.e" in# a
    gar"en (ar#% a# #$e sim(le Ne2
    Del$i resi"en , Ja2a$arlal
    Ne$ru6 @$ile Ne$ru's ai"es
    l.e" n "um/ 2i#$ " /elie,1
    Mun#/a##en #. Ne$ru /% #$e
    el/2 an" s#rlle" ,, ami #$e
    gues#s1 =asuall% =$a##ing an"
    s$a.ing $an"s6
    T$e ges#ure $a" a s#unning
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    im(a=#6 FT$an. )"1' Ne$ru #l"
    3 sis#er #$a# e+ening1 '2e'+e
    ,inall% g# a $uman /eing ,r a
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    n2 reigne" in -i=er%'s Huse1
    Mun#/a##en a==r"e" #$e In"i
    mili#ar%1 #2 millin , 2$m
    $a" ser+e" un"er $im in Su#$D
    Ea Asia1 a lng +er"ue $nur6
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    a##a=$ # $is s#a,, as AD&s6
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    -i=er%'s Hu # /e (ene" #
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    $a" /een in+i#i in# i#s (re=in=#s
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    $is s#a,, #$a# #$e 2ere # /e n
    "inner (ar#ies in #$e -i=er%'s
    Huse 2i#$u# In"i gues#s6 N#
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    $en=e,r#$1 $e r"ere"1 a# le# $al,
    #$e ,a=es arun" $is #a/le 2ere
    # /e In"ian6
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    "rama#i= re+lu#in # #$e +ie
    regal "ining #a/le6 Ou# , res(e=#
    ,r #$e =ulinar% #ra"i#ins , $er
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    $use's .i#=$ens # s#ar#
    (re(aring "is$es 2$i=$1 in a
    =en#ur% , im(erial $s(i#ali#%1
    $a" ne+er /een ,,ere" in
    -i=er%'s Huse1 In"ian
    +ege#arian ,"6 N# nl% #$a#1
    s$e r"ere" #$e ," # /e ser+e"
    n ,la# In"ian #ra%s an" ser+an#s
    2i#$ #$e #ra"i#inal 2as$ /asins1
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    #$eir #$ra#s 2i#$ a ri#ual gargle6
    T$a# /arrage , ges#ures large
    an" small1 #$e e+i"en# an"
    genuine a,,e=#in #$e
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    .n2le"ge #$a# #$e ne2 -i=er%
    2as a "eli+erer an" n# a
    =n'uerr1 #$e res(e=# , #$e
    men 2$'" ser+e" un"er $im in
    AsiaT all =m/ine" # (r"u=e a
    remar.a/le aura a/u# #$e
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    -i=er% in $is#r% $as s
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    2ul" #ell #$e ne2 -i=er% nl%
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    an%/"% in In"ia'6
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    e+en #$e "rama#i= s.e#=$ , #$e
    In"ian s=ene &lemen# A##lee $a"
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    (ain#e" $im n Ne2 Year's Da%
    seem li.e a "es=ri(#in , sme
    #ran'uil =un#r%si"e6 Ye# #$e man
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    , In"ia unsur(asse" in #$e
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    )erge A/ell $a" /een #$e ms#
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    AN OLD MAN AND
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    $an"s6'

    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    s#ri.ing a ,igure as In"ia's ne2
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    a ,a=e 2$se eC(ressin =ul"
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    > On 55 Januar% 37AA1 2$ile
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #2ar"s #$a# +isin #$an
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    #$e *ing Em(err'6
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    $e 2ul" (re"i=# #$a# 'Ma$a#ma
    )an"$i 2ill g "2n in $is#r a
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    74
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    an un.n2n $an" $a" (lu=.e"
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    AN OLD MAN AND
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    AN OLD MAN AND HIS
    SHATTERED DREAM
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    7:
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    (re(are" # neg#ia#e a = (rmise
    /u#1 s lng as M$amme" A$
    Jinna$ 2as ali+e1 #$e% 2V $l"
    #$eir silen=e6 Se=n"1 mre
    im(r#an#1 2as #$e memr% ,
    /l" s(ille" in #$e s#ree#s ,
    &al=u##a a %ear /e,re6
    Mun#/a##en an" Jinna$ "i"
    agree n ne (in# a# #$e u#se# E
    nee" ,r s(ee"6 In"ia1 Jinna$
    "e=lare"1 $a" gne /e%n" #$e
    s#aT 2$i=$ a =m(rmise
    slu#in 2as (ssi/le6 T$ere 2as
    nl% slu#in1 a s(ee"% 'surgi=al
    (era#in'6 O#$er2ise1 $e
    2arne"1 3 2ul" (eris$6
    @$en Mun#/a##en eC(resse"
    =n=ern les# (ar#i#in mig$# "u=e
    /l"s$e" an" +ilen=e1 Jinna$
    reassure" $im6 One 'surgi=al
    (era#in' $a" #a.en (la=e1 all
    #ru/les 2ul" TeaK In"ia's #2
    $al+es 2ul" li+e in $armn%
    an" $a((iness6 I#
    Jinna$ #l" Mun#/a##en1 li.e a
    =ur# =ase $e'" $an"le" /e#2een
    #2 /r#$ers em/i##ere" /% #$e
    s$ares assigne" #$em un"er #$eir
    ,a#$er's 2ill6 Ye#1 #2 %ears a,#er
    #$e =ur# $a" a"Bu"i=a#e" #$eir
    "is(u#e1 #$e% 2ere #$e grea#es#
    ,rien"s6 T$a#1 $e (rmise" #$e
    -i=er%1 2ul" /e #$e =ase in
    In"ia6
    T$e Mslems , In"ia1 Jinna$
    insis#e"1 2ere a na#in 2i#$ a
    '"is#in=#i+e =ul#ure an"
    =i+iliQa#in1 language an"
    li#era#ure1 ar# an" ar=$i#e=#ure1
    la2s an" mral ="es1 =us#ms
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    an" =alen"ar1 $is#r% an"
    #ra"i#ins'6
    'In"ia $as ne+er /een a #rue
    na#in1' Jinna$ asser#e"6 'I# nl%
    l.s #$a# 2a% n #$e ma(6 T$e
    =2s I 2an# # ea#1 #$e Hin"u
    s#(s me ,rm .illing6 E+er%
    #ime a Hin"u s$a.es $an"s 2i#$
    me $e $as # 2as$ $is $an"s6
    T$e nl% #iling #$e Mslem $as
    in =mmn 2i#$ #$e Hin"u is $is
    sla+er% # #$e Bri#is$6'
    T$eir argumen#s /e=ame1 #$e
    -i=er% 2ul" la#er re=all1 an
    'amusing an" ra#$er #ragi= game
    , run" an" run" #$e mul/err%
    /us$'T Jinna$1 #$e Mar=$ Hare ,
    Ali=e in @n"erlan"1 ne+er
    =n=e"ing a (in#T Mun#/a##en1
    #$e "e#ermine" a"+=a#e ,
    uni#%1 "ri+ing a# Jinna$ ,rm
    e+er% angle1 un#il $e 2as a,rai"
    les#1 as $e n#e" a# #$e #ime1 T
    "r+e #$e l" gen#leman 'ui#e
    ma"6'
    !r Jinna$1 #$e "i+isin $e
    (r(se" 2as #$e na#ural =urse6
    T$a# "i+isin1 $2e+er1 2ul"
    $a+e # (r"u=e a +ia/le s#a#e
    an" #$a#1 Jinna$ argue"1 mean#
    #$a# #2 , In"ia's grea#
    (r+in=es1 #$e PunBa/ an"
    Bengal1 2ul" $a+e # g in#
    $is Pa.is#an1 "es(i#e #$e ,a=# #$a#
    ea=$ =n#aine" enrmus Hin"u
    ((ula#ins6
    Mun#/a##en =ul" n# agree6
    T$e /asis , Jinna$'s argumen#
    ,r Pa.is#an 2as #$a# In"ia's
    Mslem minri#% s$ul" n# /e
    rule" /% i#s Hin"u maBri#%6 H2
    #$en Bus#i,% #a.ing #$e Hin"u
    minri#ies , Bengal an" #$e
    PunBa/ in# a Mslem s#a#e? I,
    Jinna$ insis#e" n "i+i"ing In"ia
    # ge# $is Islami= s#a#e1 #$en #$e
    +er% lgi= $e'" use" # ge# i#
    2ul" =m(el Mun#/a##en #
    "i+i"e #$e PunBa/ an" Bengal as
    (ar# , #$e /argain6
    Jinna$ (r#es#e"6 T$a# 2ul"
    gi+e $im an e=nmi=all%
    un+ia/le1 'm#$Dea#en Pa.is#an'6
    Mun#/a##en1 2$ "i"n'# 2an# #
    gi+e $im an% Pa.is#an a# all1 #l"
    #$e Mslem lea"er1 #$a# i, $e ,el#
    #$e na#in $e 2as # re=ei+e 2as
    as 'm#$Dea#en' as all #$a#1 $e'"
    (re,er $e "i"n'# #a.e i#
    'A$1' Jinna$ 2ul" =un#er1 'Yur
    EC=ellen=% "esn'# un"ers#an"6 A
    man is a PunBa/i r a Bengali
    /e,re $e is Hin"u r Mslem6
    T$e% s$are a =mmn $is#r%1
    language1 =ul#ure an" e=nm%6
    Yu mus# n# "i+i"e #$em6 Yu
    2ill =ause en"less /l"s$e" an"
    #ru/le6'
    'Mr Jinna$1 I en#irel% agree6'
    'Yu "?'
    'O, =urse1' Mun#/a##en 2ul"
    =n#inue6 'A man is n# r
    PunBa/i r Bengali /e,re $e is a
    Hin"u r a Mslem1 $e is an In
    /e,re all else6 Yu $a+e
    (resen#e" #$e unans2era/le
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    argumem In"ian uni#%6'
    'Bu# %u "n'# un"ers#an" a# all1'
    Jinna$ 2ul" =un#er1 an=
    "is=ussins 2ul" s#ar# arun"
    #$e mul/err% /us$ again6
    Mun#/a##en 2as s#unne" /% #$e
    rigi"i#% , Jinna$'s (si 'I ne+er
    2ul" $a+e /elie+e"1' $e la#er
    re=alle"1 '#$a# an in#elli man1
    2ellDe"u=a#e"1 #raine" in #$e
    Inns , &ur# 2as =a(a/l sim(l%
    =lsing $is min" as Jinna$ "i"6 I#
    2asn'# #$a# $e "i"n'# se (in#6 He
    "i"1 /u# a .in" , s$u##er =ame
    "2n6 He 2as #$e genius in #$e
    2$le #$ing6 T$e #$ers =ul" /e
    (ersua"e"1 /u# Jinna$6 @$ile $e
    2as ali+e n#$ing =ul" /e
    "ne6'
    T$e =limaC # #$eir #al.s =ame
    n 34 A(ril1 less #$an #$ree 2
    a,#er Mun#/a##en's arri+al in
    In"ia6 !r #2 $urs $e
    /ea =aBle"1 argue"1 an" (lea"e"
    2i#$ Jinna$ # .ee( In"ia uni#e"6'
    all #$e el'uen=e $e =ul"
    =mman"1 $e (ain#e" a (i=#ure
    H grea#ness In"ia =ul" a=$ie+e1
    A44 millin (e(le , "i,,eren#H
    an" =ree"s1 /un" #ge#$er /% a
    &en#ral Unin )+ernmen#1 all
    #$e e=nmi= s#reng#$ #$a#
    2ul" a==rue # #$em ,rm in=n
    in"us#rialiQa#in1 (la%ing a grea#
    (ar# in 2rl" a,,airs as #$e
    (rgressi+e1 single en#i#% in #$e
    !ar Eas#6 Surel%1 Mr Jinna$ "iV
    2an# # "es#r% all #$a#1 #
    =n"emn #$e su/D=n#inen# #=
    eCis#en=e , a #$ir"Dra#e (2er ?
    Jinna$ remaine" unm+e"6 He
    2as1 Mun#/a##en sa"l% =n=li 'a
    (s%=$(a#$i= =ase1 $ell /en# n
    #$is Pa.is#an6'
    Me"i#a#ing alne in $is s#u"%
    a,#er Jinna$'s "e(ar#ure1 Mi
    /a##en realiQe" $e 2as (r/a/l%
    ging # $a+e # gi+e $im 2$
    2an#e"6 His ,irs# /liga#in in
    Ne2 Del$i 2as # #$e na#in #$a
    sen# $im #$ere1 Bri#ain6 He
    lnge" # (reser+e In"ia's uni#%1
    /+ a# #$e eC(ense , $is =un#r%
    /e=ming $(elessl% en#ra((e"
    In"ia =lla(sing in =$as an"
    +ilen=e6
    He $a" # $a+e a slu#in1 $e
    $a" # $a+e i# ,as#1 an" $e =ul
    im(se i# /% ,r=e6 Mili#ar%
    =mman" $a" gi+en Mun#/a#
    (en=$an# ,r ra(i"1 "e=isi+e
    a=#ins1 su=$ as #$e ne $e n2
    #V ,u#ure %ears1 $is =ri#i=s
    2ul" assail $im ,r $a+ing
    rea=$e" i 'ui=.l%1 ,r a=#ing li.e
    an im(e#uus sailr an" n# a
    s#a#es Mun#/a##en1 $2e+er1
    2as n# ging # 2as#e an% mre
    #in 2$a# $e 2as =er#ain 2ul" /e
    ,u#ile argumen#s6 He =ul" argue
    Jinna$1 $e =n=lu"e"1 un#il $ell
    ,rQe +er1 an" $ell in In"ia U /e
    #$e nl% =nse'uen=e6
    He 2as (re(are" # a=.n2le"ge
    2i#$ /lun# realism #$a# O(ei
    Se"u=#in $a" ,aile" # ma.e an
    im(a=# n #$e Mslem lea"ei

    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM

    349

    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT

    AN OLD MAN AND HIS
    SHATTERED DREAM

    34'

    (ar#i#in , In"ia seeme"
    in=reasingl% #$e nl% es=a(e6 I#
    n2 remaine" ,r Mun#/a##en
    # ge# Ne$ru an" Pa#el # a==e(#
    #$e (rin=i(le an" # ,in" a (lan
    ,r i# 2$i=$ =ul" 2in #$eir
    su((r#
    T$e ,ll2ing mrning $e
    re+ie2e" $is #al. 2i#$ Jinna$ ,r
    $is s#a,,6 T$en1 sa"l%1 $e #urne"
    # $is &$ie, , S#a,,1 Lr" Isma%6
    T$e #ime $a" =me1 $e sai"1 #
    /egin "ra2ing u( a (lan ,r #$e
    (ar#i#in , In"ia6
    > > >
    Ine+i#a/l%1 Mun#/a##en's
    "e=isin 2ul" lea" # ne , #$e
    grea# "ramas , m"ern $is#r%6
    @$a#e+er #$e manner in 2$i=$ i#
    2as eCe=u#e"1 i# 2as /un" #
    en" in #$e mu#ila#in , a grea#
    na#in 2$se uni#% 2as #$e ms#
    im(sing resul# , #$ree an" a
    $al, =en#uries , Bri#is$
    =lniQa#in6 T sa#is,% #$e
    eCigen# "eman"s , M$amme"
    A$ Jinna$1 #2 , In"ia's ms#
    "is#in=#i+e en#i#ies1 #$e PunBa/
    an" Bengal1 2ul" $a+e # /e
    =ar+e" u(6 T$e resul# 2ul"
    ma.e Pa.is#an a gegra($i=
    a/erra#in1 a na#in , #2 $ea"s
    se(ara#e" /% 784 miles ,
    Himala%an (ea.s an" In"ian
    #erri#r%6 T2en#% "a%s1 mre
    #ime #$an 2as re'uire" # sail
    ,rm *ara=$i # Marseilles1
    2ul" /e nee"e" # ma.e #$e sea
    #ri( arun" #$e su/=n#inen#
    ,rm ne $al, , Pa.is#an # #$e
    #$er6 A nnDs#( ,lig$# /e#2een
    i#s #2 (ar#s 2ul" re'uire a
    ,'irDengine" air=ra,#1 ma=$ines
    2$i=$ 2ul" (r+e eC(ensi+e
    luCuries ,r #$e ne2 s#a#e6
    I, #$e gegra($i=al "is#an=e
    "i+i"ing #$e #2 $al+es ,
    Pa.is#an 2ul" /e grea#1
    $2e+er1 #$e (s%=$lgi=al
    "is#an=e /e#2een #$e #2
    (e(les in$a/i#ing #$em 2ul"
    /e s#aggering6 A(ar# ,rm a
    =mmn ,ai#$ in Alla$ #$e One1
    #$e Mer=i,ul1 PunBa/is an"
    Bengalis s$are" n#$ing6 T$e%
    2ere as "i,,eren# as !inns an"
    )ree.s6 T$e Bengalis 2ere
    s$r#1 "ar. an" agile1 ra=iall% a
    (ar# , #$e masses , Asia6 T$e
    PunBa/is1 in 2$se +eins ,l2e"
    #$e /l" , #$ir#% =en#uries ,
    =n'uerrs1 2ere s=ins , #$e
    s#e((es , &en#ral Asia1 an" #$eir
    Ar%an ,ea#ures /re #$e #ra=es ,
    Tur.es#an1 Russia1 Persia1 #$e
    "eser#s , Ara/ia6 Nei#$er
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    $is#r% nr language nr =ul#ure
    ,,ere" a /ri"ge /% 2$i=$ #$se
    #2 (e(les mig$# =mmuni=a#e6
    T$eir marriage in #$e =mmn
    s#a#e , Pa.is#an 2ul" /e a
    unin=rea#e" agains# all #$e
    "i=#a#es , lgi=6
    T$e PunBa/ 2as #$e =r2n Be2el
    , In"ia6 Hal, #$e siQe , !ran=e1
    i# ran ,rm #$e In"us Ri+er in #$e
    nr#$D2es# all #$e 2a% # #$e
    u#s.ir#s , Del$i6 I# 2as a lan"
    , s(ar.ling ri+ers an" gl"en
    ,iel"s , 2$ea#1 grea# ri=$ ,iel"s
    rlling "2n # a "is#an# /lue
    $riQn1 an asis /lesse" /% #$e
    )"s in #$e mi"s# , In"ia's ari"
    ,a=e6 I#s name mean# '&un#r% ,
    !i+e Ri+ers'1 a,#er #$e ,i+e
    #rren#s # 2$se 2a#ers #$e
    PunBa/ 2e" i#s na#ural ,er#ili#%6
    T$e ms# ,amus , #$em 2as
    ne , #$e grea# ri+ers ,; #$e
    gl/e1 #$e In"us1 2$i=$ $a"
    gi+en i#
    name # #$e In"ian su/D
    =n#inen#6 DI
    !i+e #$usan" %ears ,
    #umul#uus $is#r% $a"
    ,as$ine" #$V PunBa/'s =$ara=#er
    an" gi+en i# i#s i"en#i#%6 I#s (lains
    $a" resun"2 # #$e gall(ing
    $+es , Asia's =n'uering
    $r"es6 I# 2as in #$V PunBa/ #$a#
    #$e =eles#ial sng , Hin"uism's
    sa=re" /.1 #$i B$aga+a" )ila1
    $a" /een ins(ire" /% a m%s#i=
    "ialgue /e#2eei Lr" *ris$na
    an" #$e 2arrir .ing ArBuna6 T$e
    Persian legins Darius an"
    &%rus1 #$e Ma=e"nians ,
    AleCan"er #$e )rea# $a= =am(e"
    n i#s (lains6 Maur%as1
    S=%#$ians1 Par#$ians $a"
    ==u(ie= #$em /e,re /eing
    "is(erse" /% 2a+es , Huns an"
    #$e &ali($s Islam /ringing
    #$eir mn#$eis#i= ,ai#$ # In"ia's
    (l%#$eis#i= Hin"i millins6
    T$ree =en#uries , Mg$ul
    "mina#in /rug$# In"ia #V #$e
    a(gee , i#s (2er an"1
    s(rin.le" i# 2i#$ i#s (ri=eless
    $eri#age mnumen#s6 !inall%
    #$e PunBa/'s in"igenus Si.$s1
    2i#$ #$eir rlle= /ear"s an" #$eir
    un=u# $air (a=.e" in #$eir mul#iD
    =lure" #ur/ans =n'uere" #$e
    (r+in=e in #$eir #urn /e,re
    su==um/ing # i#s la#es
    ==u(an#s1 #$e Bri#is$6
    T$e PunBa/ 2as a /len" as su/#le
    an" =m(leC as #$e msai=
    "e=ra#ing #$e mnumen#s , i#s
    glrius Mg$ul (as#6 T "i+i"e
    i 2ul" ,r=e an irre(ara/le
    2un" u(n i#s ((ula#in6
    !i,#eei millin Hin"us1 siC#een
    millin Mslems an" ,i+e
    millin Si.$ s$are" i#s 3817?5
    #2ns an" +illages6 Al#$ug$
    "i+i"e" /% religin #$e% s(.e a
    =mmn language1 =lung #
    =mmn #ra"i#ins1 an" ai e'ual
    (ri"e in #$eir "is#in=#i+e PunBa/i
    (ersnali#%6 T$eir e=nmii =D
    eCis#en=e 2as ,as$ine" e+en
    mre in#ri=a#el%6 T$e area's (rs
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    (eri#% res#e" u(n a manDma"e
    mira=le 2$i=$1 /% i#s +er% na#ure
    =ul" n# /e "i+i"e"T #$e
    immense ne#2r. , irriga#in
    =anals /uil /% #$e Bri#is$ 2$i=$
    $a" ma"e #$e PunBa/ #$e granar%
    , In"ia Running ,rm eas# #
    2es# a=rss #$e en#ire (r+in=e1
    #$eir nuris$ ing ,ingers $a"
    /rug$# +as# s#re#=$es , ari"
    "eser# un"er =ul#i+a#ii an"
    enri=$e" #$e eCis#en=e ,
    millins , PunBa/is6 T$e
    (r+in=e'! (ru" ne#2r. ,
    rail2a%s an" ra"s "esigne" #
    "eli+er #$e Pun Ba/'s (r"u=#s #
    #$e res# , In"ia1 ,ll2e" #$e
    same (a##ern @$ere+er i# 2en#1
    #$e ,rn#ier , a (ar#i#ine"
    PunBa/ 2ul" $a+i # run ,rm
    nr#$ # su#$1 sli=ing #$e
    (r+in=e's +as=ular s%s#em ii
    #26 Nr =ul" an% ,rn#ier /e
    "ra2n #$a# 2ul" n# =u# #$e
    (ru= an" /elli=se Si.$
    =mmuni#% in $al,1 lea+ing a#
    leas# #2 millii Si.$s1 2i#$ #$e
    ri=$ lan"s #$e% $a" re=laime"
    ,rm #$e "eser# an= sme , #$eir
    ms# sa=re" si#es1 insi"e a
    Mslem s#a#e6
    In"ee"1 2$ere+er #$e /un"ar%
    line 2en#1 ##Ka resul# 2as =er#aii
    # /e nig$#mare ,r millins ,
    $uman /eings6 Onl% an
    in#er=$ang> , ((ula#ins n a
    s=ale ne+er realiQe" /e,re in
    $is#r+ =ul" sn u# #$e $a+=
    i# 2ul" 2rea.6 !rm #$e In"us
    # #$e /ri"ges , Del$i1 ,r +er
    044 miles1 #$ere 2as n# a single
    #2n1 n# a single +illage1 =##n
    gr+e r 2$ea# ,iel" 2$i=$
    2ul" n# sme$2 /e
    #$rea#ene" i, #$e (ar#i#in (lan
    Lr" Isma% $a" /een r"ere" #
    (re(are 2as =arrie" u#6
    T$e "i+isin , Bengal a# #$e
    #$er en" , #$e su/D=n#inen#
    $el" u# #$e (ssi/ili#ies ,
    an#$er #rage"%6 Har/uring
    mre (e(le #$an )rea# Bri#ain
    an" Irelan" =m/ine"1 Bengal
    =n#aine" ?0 millin Mslems
    an" ?4 millin Hin"us in an
    eC(anse , lan" running ,rm
    #igerDs#al.e" Bungles a# #$e ,#
    , #$e Himala%as # #$e s#eaming
    mars$es #$rug$ 2$i=$ #$e
    #$usan" ,ingers , #$e )anges
    an" Bra$ma(u#ra ri+ers "raine"
    in# #$e Ba% , Bengal6 Des(i#e
    i#s "i+isin in# #2 religius
    =mmuni#ies1 Bengal1 e+en mre
    #$an #$e PunBa/1 2as a "is#in=#
    en#i#% , i#s 2n6 @$e#$er
    Hin"us r Mslems1 Bengalis
    s(rang ,rm #$e same ra=ial
    s#=.1 s(.e #$e same language1
    s$are" #$e same =ul#ure6 T$e%
    sa# n #$e ,lr in a =er#ain
    Bengali manner1 r"ere" #$e
    sen#en=es #$e% s(.e in a
    (e=uliar Bengali =a"en=e1 ea=$
    rising # a ,inal =res=en"1
    =ele/ra#e" #$eir 2n Bengali
    Ne2 Year n 30 A(ril6 I#s (e#s1
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    li.e Tagre1 2ere regar"e" 2i#$
    (ri"e /% all Bengalis6
    T$e% 2ere #$e "es=en"an#s , a
    =ul#ure 2$se r#s 2en# /a=. in
    #ime # #$e (reD&$ris#ian era
    2$en a Bu""$is# =i+iliQa#in
    ,luris$e" in Bengal6 O/lige" #
    renun=e #$eir Bu""$is# ,ai#$ /%
    a Hin"u "%nas#% in #$e ,irs#
    =en#uries a,#er &$ris#1 #$e
    Bengalis , #$e eas# gree#e" #$e
    arri+al , M$umme"'s 2arrirs
    alng #$eir ,rn#ier as a release
    ,rm Hin"u ((ressin an"
    eagerl% em/ra=e" Islam6 Sin=e
    #$en1 Bengal $a" /een "i+i"e"
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    334

    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT

    AN OLD MAN AND HIS
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    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    335

    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT

    AN OLD MAN AND HIS
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    "isin#egra#in1 $e 2arne"1 an" i,
    #$is $a((ene"1 #$e l" Bri#is$
    nig$#mare , in+a"ing $r"es
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    ,rm #$e nr#$D2es# ,r=ing #$e
    ga#es , #$e em(ire mig$# /e
    realiQe"6 T$e Pa#$an #ri/es ,
    A,g$anis#an 2ere (ise" #
    =me (uring "2n #$e *$%/er
    Pass # Pes$a2ar an" #$e /an.s
    , #$e In"us in (ursui# , lan"
    #$e%'" =laime" as #$eirs ,r a
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    $a+e an in#erna#inal =risis n
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    #$e PunBa/1 2as e+en grimmer6 A
    @els$man1 Jen.ins $a" gi+en
    $imsel, # #$e PunBa/ 2i#$ a
    (assin e'ual # &are's ,r #$e
    !rn#ier6 S ##al 2as $is
    "e+#in #$a# #$e l" /a=$elr
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    $a+ing marrie" $is PunBa/ '# #$e
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    In"ia eCis#e"'6 @$a#e+er slu#in
    2as =$sen ,r In"ia's (r/lems1
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    'i#'s alrea"% in ,lames6'
    T$e #$ir" g+ernr1 Sir !re"eri=.
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    #$e N@!I an" #$e PunBa/6
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    #$eir li+es rein,r=ing #$e #ies
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    in"e(en"en#6 Mun#/a##en #l"
    $is assem/le" g+ernrs $e 2as
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    n# ging 'lig$#l% # a/an"n
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    Bri#ain ,aile" i# 2as , #$e
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    ,u#ure Pa.is#an 2as s in$eren#l%
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    a =$an=e # ,ail n i#s 2n
    "emeri#s'1 s #$a# la#er '#$e
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    T$se ele+en men "is(la%e" n
    en#$usiasm ,r (ar#i#in6 Nr1
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    #$ere 2as nl% ne 2a% u#1 an
    i"ea =n"emne" /% $is (li=e
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    an" arm% =mman"er as s$eer
    ma"ness6 Mun#/a##en mig$#
    eC(se $imsel, # #$e =r2"s1
    $(ing a glim(se , $im 2ul"
    sme$2 mlli,% #$em6
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    #$e "es(air , &are an" $is
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    "%.e1 3441444 $#1 "ir#%1 angr%
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    #$usan"s rea" in #$a# green
    uni,rm a


    an" /urne" ali+e li.e #r=$es6
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    a2a% ,rm #$eir =a(#rs an"
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    ,ire # (eris$ 2i#$ #$eir ,amilies6
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    # a==e(# #$e "i+isin , In"ia as
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    AN OLD MAN AND
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    #$a#1 2$ile &ngress remaine"
    '(assina#el% a##a=$e" # #$e i"ea
    , a Uni#e" In"ia'1 i# 2ul"
    a==e(# (ar#i#in (r+i"e" #$e #2
    grea# (r+in=es , PunBa/ an"
    Bengal 2ere "i+i"e"6 T$e man
    2$ $a" le" #$em # #$eir
    #rium($ 2as le,# alne 2i#$ $is
    #arnis$e" +i=#r% an" $is /r.en
    "ream6
    A# 3:644 #$e ,ll2ing "a%1 5
    Ma%1 eCa=#l% A4 "a%s a,#er i# $a"
    lan"e" in Ne2 Del$i1 #$e
    +i=eregal Yr. M@345 #. ,,
    ,rm Palam air(r# ,r Ln"n6
    T$is #ime1 i#s ms# im(r#an#
    (assenger 2as Mun#/a##en's
    &$ie, , S#a,, Lr" Isma% an" $e
    =arrie" 2i#$ $im ,r su/missin
    # His MaBes#%'s )+ernmen# a
    (lan ,r #$e "i+isin , In"ia6
    All Mun#/a##en's $(es $a"
    ,un"ere"1 ,inall%1 n #$e r=. ,
    Jinna$'s in#ransigen=e6 He 2as
    ignran# , #$e ne ,a=#r in #$e
    e'ua#in 2$i=$ mig$# $a+e
    =$ange" #$ings1 Jinna$'s illness6
    !r #$e res# , $is li,e1
    Mun#/a##en 2ul" l. /a=. n
    $is ,ailure # m+e Jinna$ as #$e
    single grea# "isa((in#men# ,
    $is =areer6 His (ersnal anguis$
    a# #$e (rs(e=# , ging "2n in
    $is#r% as #$e man @$ "i+i"e"
    In"ia =ul" /e measure" /% a
    "=umen# ,l%ing /a=. # Ln"n
    2i#$ Isma%1 Mun#/a##en's ,i,#$
    (ersnal re(r# # #$e A##lee
    g+ernmen#6
    Par#i#in1 Mun#/a##en 2r#e1 'is
    s$eer ma"ness1' an" 'n ne
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    2ul" e+er in"u=e me # agree
    # i# 2ere i# n# ,r #$is ,an#as#i=
    =mmunal ma"ness #$a# $as
    seiQe" e+er%/"% an" lea+es n
    #$er =urse (en'6
    'T$e res(nsi/ili#% ,r #$is ma"
    "e=isin1' $e 2r#e1 mus# /e
    (la=e" 's'uarel% n In"ian
    s$ul"ers in #$e e%es , #$e
    2rl"1 ,r ne "a% #$e% 2ill
    /i##erl% regre# #$e "e=isin #$e%
    are a/u# # ma.e6'
    T$e )en#le Pr($e# , a Nn+il
    Re+lu#in
    T a =en#ur% ,raug$# 2i#$
    +ilen=e6 )an"$i ,,# al#erna#i+e
    bnn+ilen=e an" =i+il
    "is/e"ien=e6In &$# ,amus
    ($rase1 a F$al,Dna.e" ,a.irF6
    )an"$i =riss=rsH na#in n ,#
    an" in #$ir"D=lass rail2a% =ars #
    s#r i"en#i#% 2i#$ #$e
    im(+eris$e" masses6 He #.
    Bu=.ing$am Pala=e 2i#$ #$e
    *ingDEm(err1 "resse"
    $mes(un =##n s$ee# #$a# 2as
    $is uni,rm1 an" (r1 a li,e ,
    s(ar#an sim(li=i#%6 T$e s%m/l
    , $is =$allenge Age ,
    Im(erialism 2as #$e (rimi#i+e
    2"en s(inning n 2$i=$ $e
    la/re" religiusl% e+er% "a%6

    FA Ra=e Des#ine" # )+ern ar
    Su/"ueF
    @$e#$er eCer=ise" /% a "is#ri=#
    ,,i=er li.e #$e %u in $is
    /ungal2 ;/el2<1 =ir=a 3:806
    r Lr" Mun amng a ,e2 ,
    $is ser+an#s ;#( ((si#e<1
    Bri#is$ In"ia in #$e -i=#rian
    Age 2as =$ara=#eriQe" /% i#s r6
    i#s rigr1 i#s $nes#% an" #$e
    enrmus s=ial ga( 2l In"ia's
    rulers a(ar# ,rm #$e masses #$e%
    rule"6 A##er s=res , #ur/ane"
    ser+an#s1 #$e ,,i=ers , #$e In"ia
    ;((si#e /##m< F"ine" inF in
    slemn s(len"r n=e a mn#$





    T$e Las# &rusa"e , #$e
    Li/era#r , In"ia
    His $an"s res#ing u(n #$e
    s$ul"ers , $is F2al.ing
    s#i=.sF1 $is grea#Dnie=es A/$a
    ;le,#< an" Manu ;rig$#<6 )an"$i
    se#s ,, ,r #$e las# =rusa"e , $is
    li,eH # res#re (ea=e an" l+e in
    #$e +illages , Bengal #rn /%
    $a#e an" mur"er6
    T$e Da% an Age En"e"

    F@i#$ N J% in M% Hear#F
    His (ersnal em/lem1 a ,res$l%
    (lu=.e" rse1 in #$e /u##n$le
    , $is #uni=1 a (ensi+e Ja2a$arlal
    Ne$ru (ses ,r a mmen# in #$e
    gar"en , #$e -i=er%'s $use
    ;/el2<6 AnCius # re=n=ile n
    In"ian sil #$e (arliamen#ar%
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    "em=ra=% , Bri#ain an" #$e
    e=nmi= s=ialism , *arl
    MarC1 Ne$ru agree" 2i#$
    Mun#/a##en #$a# #$e nl%
    al#erna#i+e # "i+i"ing In"ia 2as
    =i+il 2ar6 Relu=#an#l% $e #urne"
    $is /a=. n $is l" lea"er1
    )an"$i1 an" F2i#$ n B% in m%
    $ear#F =mmen"e" #$e -i=er%'s
    (lan # (ar#i#in In"ia1 # $is
    =un#r%men6
    Bu# In"ia's ,ree"m 2as 2n a#
    a #erri/le (ri=e6 Par#i#in $urle"
    #en millin 2re#=$e" (e(le n#
    #$e ra"s1 #$e rail2a%s an" #$e
    un$ar+es#e" ,iel"s , #$e PunBa/
    in #$e grea#es# migra#in in
    $uman $is#r% ;((si#e<6




    T$e Ina"+er#en# Ar=$i#e=# , a
    Trage"% an" Sme , His
    -i=#ims
    Surrun"e" /% ,ur , #$e In"ian
    assessrs 2$ 2ere su((se" #
    ai" $im6 Sir &%ril Ra"=li,,e
    ;2$i#e sui#1 /el2< (ses in #$e
    PunBa/1 ne , #$e #2 In"ian
    (r+in=es i# 2as $is un$a((% l#
    # "i+i"e6 Brn in In"ia , a Si.$
    ,a#$er an" an a/"u=#e" Mslem
    2man6 Tan+ier B#a Sing$
    ;/##m le,#< 2as ne , #$e 34
    millin In"ians # lse $er
    $me6 Si.$ Burnalis# *6S6
    Duggal ;/##m rig$#< an"
    Muslim me"i=al s#u"en# Ais$a
    Ali6 als ls# #$eir $me6 Bu#
    ,un" l+e6 T$e% marrie" an"
    are #"a% li+ing in Ne2 Del$i6

    Sea#e"1 le,# # rig$#1 Nara%an
    A(#e6 ?A b$ange"T -eV
    Sa+ar.ar Da='ui##e"T Na#$uram
    )"se1 ?71 #$e .iller1 a ,ana#i=
    ne2s(a(erman b$ange"T
    -is$nu *ar.are6 ?A6 ar Mslem
    (r(rie#r , a #a2"r% #ra+ellers'
    $#el bli,e im(risV men#6
    S#an"ing6 S$an.er *is#a%a1
    Ba"ge's ser+an# b=n+i=# /u#
    a='ui##e" n a((ealT )(al
    )"se6 576 #$e .illi /r#$er b
    li,e im(risnmen#T Ma"anlal
    Pa$2a6 546 a PunB re,ugee 2$'"
    s2rn # a+enge $is mu#ila#e"
    ,a#$erDim(risnmen#T Digam/er
    Ba"ge6 ?86 #$e arms (e""ler +
    "isguise" $imsel, as a $l% man
    b#urne" s#a#e's 2i#ne release"6
    ;O((si#e< (li=e ($#s


    In"ia's Hl% Man Die"
    Prnun=ing #$e Name , )"

    As $e $a" $(e" $e 2ul"6
    )an"$i "ie" =r%ing FHe RamF
    ;FO$ )" IF< 2i#$ $is las#
    /rea#$6 !a=e ,rQen in #$e s#ill
    sereni#% , "ea#$1 In"ia's
    mur"ere" Ma$a#ma ,,ers $is
    +isage # $is =un#r%men ,r an
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    ul#ima#e an" (a#$e#i= "ars$an6
    His ,ll2ers' (ar#ing #ri/u#e1 a
    s$2er , rse (e#als1 li##ers $is
    2in"ing s$ee#1 ma"e , =##n $e
    $a" s(un $imsel, n $is 2"en
    s(inning 2$eel6
    A Pre=ius Li##le Pla=e
    Simla1 Ma% 37A8
    Luis Mun#/a##en $a" n nee"
    ,r airD=n"i#ining n26 T$
    +ie2 ,rm $is s#u"%'s 2in"2
    alne 2as enug$ # =l $imH #$
    sn2D#i((e" =res#s , #$e 2rl"'s
    $ig$es# mun#ain =$ain1 #$
    Himala%as1 #$e gla=ial 2all
    "i+i"ing In"ia ,rm Ti/e# an"
    &$inT N lnger "i" $is e%es
    re=il a# /lea. lan"s=a(es
    2i#$ering in In"ia remrseless
    /ea#6 T$e +isin /e,re $im n2
    2as ne , unremi##ir greenT
    emeral" la2ns1 saring s#an"s ,
    ,ir1 "eli=a#e =lum(s V mun#ain
    ,ern6 EC$aus#e" /% 2ee.s ,
    un=easing s#rain1 Mun /a##en
    $a" ,ll2e" a #ra"i#in lai"
    "2n /% $is (re"e=essrs6 4
    Isma%'s "e(ar#ure ,r Ln"n1 $e
    $a" a/an"ne" Del$i ,r #$e m
    /iQarre (r"u=# , #$e Bri#is$
    RaB1 a s#rangel% anmalus1 =i
    summa#el% Englis$ =rea#in
    (lan#e" in #$e Himala%an
    ,#$ills1 #l li##le #2n , Simla6
    !i+e mn#$s u# , e+er% %ear
    ,r +er a =en#ur% #$a# minia#ui
    SusseC $amle# 8?44 ,ee# $ig$
    #u=.e" Bus# /el2 #$e r, ,
    #$eD2rl $a" /e=me a grea#
    im(erial =a(i#al1 #$e si#e ,rm
    2$i=$ #$e Bri#iH rule" #$eir
    In"ian Em(ire an" i#s ass=ia#e"
    sa#elli#es ,rm #$e R; Sea #
    Burma6 I# 2as a (re=ius li##le
    (la=e1 2i#$ i#s =#agnal /am
    s#an" rimme" 2i#$ /lue an"
    2$i#e s#ri(e" (illars1 i#s /ra"
    es(lai a"es1 imma=ula#e gar"ens1
    #$e Tu"r /el,r% , &$ris# &$ur=
    &a#$e"ral1 i#s /ells =as#1 in #$e
    mus=ular #ra"i#in , -i=#rU
    &$ris#iani#%1 ,rm #$e /rass ,
    =annns =a(#ure" "uring #$e Sil
    2ars6 A #$usan" miles ,rm #$e
    sea1 ser+e" /% ne narr2Dgau_
    rail2a%1 a gruelling Burne% /%
    =ar1 Simla (ise" "is"ain,ull%
    a/ #$e s=r=$e" an" +erD
    ((ula#e" (lains , In"ia1 =l1
    green a# unmis#a.a/l% Englis$6
    Ea=$ %ear in mi"DA(ril 2$en #$e
    2arm 2ea#$er arri+e"1 #$e -i=
    r%'s "e(ar#ure ,r Simla in $is
    2$i#e an" gl" +i=eregal #ra
    signalle" #$a# #$e mun#ain
    =a(i#al's seasn $a" /egun6 T$e
    R ,ll2e"H /"%guar"s1
    se=re#aries1 AD&s1 generals1
    am/assa"rs ai #$eir s#a,,s1 e+er%
    maBr I&S ,un=#inar% , In"ia's
    =en#ral a"minis#i #in6 Be$in"
    =ame a =$r# , #ailrs1
    $air"ressers1 /# an" sa"=
    ma.ers1 sil+ersmi#$s /%
    a((in#men# # HE #$e -i=er%1
    2ine ai s(iri# mer=$an#s1
    memsa$i/s 2i#$ #$eir mun"s ,
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    luggage1 #$; ,l=.s , "mes#i=s
    an" #$eir #ur/ulen# (rgen%6
    Un#il 374?1 #$e ra ra" line
    en"e" A5 miles a2a% a# *al.a
    an" #$ere #$a# 2$le i =re"i/le
    =$r# #rans,erre" # #2D$rse
    #ngas ,r #$e eig$#D$ #ri(1u(
    #$e $ills # Simla6 Baggage
    ,ll2e" /% /ull=. =ar# an" #$e
    /a=.s , men6 Lng lines ,
    =lies /re u(n #$eir 2r.D
    /en# s(ines an in#ermina/le ,l2
    , =ases ,ull , (##e" s$rim(s1
    ,ie gras1 sausages1 Br"eauC1
    =$am(agne # su((l% #$e
    /an'ue#s 2$i=$ ga+e Simla's
    seasn an elegan=e un(arallele"
    in In"ia6
    T$e =lies 2ere ne=essar%
    /e=ause1 in Simla1 #$e =la( ,
    $+es an" #$e /ar. , #$e
    in#ernal =m/us#in engine 2as
    re(la=e" /% #$e s,# (i#D(a# ,
    $uman ,ee#6 An l" #ra"i#in
    insis#e" #$a# nl% #$ree =arriages1
    an" la#er =ars1 2ere all2e" in
    Simla1 #$se , #$e -i=er%1 #$e
    &mman"erDinD&$ie, , #$e
    In"ian Arm% an" #$e )+ernr
    , #$e PunBa/6 )"1 sai" a l=al
    B.e1 $a" a((lie" ,r (ermissin
    # $a+e a =ar in Simla /u# 2as
    re,use"6 Simla's s#an"ar"
    =n+e%an=e un#il #$e Bri#is$ le,#
    In"ia 2as #$e ri=.s$a26 T$e%
    2ere g"DsiQe"1 re=alle" ne
    2ner1 'n# #$se 2re#=$e" li##le
    #$ings #$a# s#i=. in %ur ri/s'1
    an" ,ur men 2ere re'uire" #
    (ull ea=$ ne u( an" "2n
    Simla's (re=i(i#us sl(es6 A
    ,i,#$ ran alngsi"e # relie+e #$e
    #$ers6
    B% #ra"i#in #$e% "i" n# 2ear
    s$es6 T$eir em(l%ers
    =m(ensa#e" #$em1 $2e+er1 /%
    #$e sum(#uusness , #$eir
    uni,rms6 !amilies =m(e#e" #
    $a+e #$e ms# elegan#l% #urne"D
    u# =lies6 T$e -i=er%'s $a"
    #$e eC=lusi+e rig$# # s=arle#6
    One S=# (u# $is in .il#s6
    An#$er resi"en# $a" #2 se#s ,
    uni,rms ,r $is1 ne ,r
    "a%#ime1 ne ,r #$e e+ening6 All
    usuall% 2re n #$e /reas# ,
    #$eir uni,rms #$e =%($ers r #$e
    =a# , arms , #$e ,amil% in
    2$se ser+i=e #$e% 2ere
    eC(en"ing #$eir lungs6 Alms#
    2i#$u# eC=e(#in #$se =lies
    , Simla su,,ere" ,rm
    #u/er=ulsis6
    T$e ,eas#s #2ar"s 2$i=$ #$e%
    /re #$eir em(l%ers 2ere
    /rillian# an" #$e ms# /rillian# ,
    all #. (la=e in -i=eregal
    L"ge6 T$e ri=.s$a2s , #$e
    #2n's aris#=ra=% /re re"
    rse##es 2$i=$ en#i#le" #$em #
    use #$e -i=er%'s (ri+a#e en#r%
    ,r gran" /alls an" gar"en
    (ar#ies6 T$e #$ers /re 2$i#e
    rse##es an" use" #$e (u/li=
    en#ran=e6 @$a#e+er #$e =lur ,
    #$eir rse##es1 #$e ri=.s$a2's
    ==u(an#s =ul" ,eel sure , ne
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #$ingH n=e insi"e1 2i#$ #$e
    eC=e(#in , a ma$araBa r #21
    #$e% 2ul" n# $a+e # ru/
    s$ul"ers 2i#$ an% =i#iQens ,
    #$e =un#r% #$e% g+erne"6
    'Yu sim(l% =ann# imagine #$e
    /rillian=e , a /all a# -i=eregal
    L"ge in #$e l" "a%s1' muse"
    ne 2man1 '#$e lng lines , #$e
    ri=.s$a2s in #$e nig$# m+ing
    sl2l% u( #$e $ill1 ea=$ 2i#$ i#s
    li##le il lam( gli##ering in #$e
    "ar.ness an" #$e nl% sun" #$e
    s,# (a##er , $un"re"s , /are
    ,ee#6'
    T$e #$er =en#re , Simla's
    s=ial li,e 2as &e=il's H#el1 a
    $s#elr% 2$se $s(i#ali#% 2as D
    la+is$ as an% in #$e 2rl"6 Ea=$
    e+ening a# :630 a #ur/ane" /u#ler
    mar=$e" "2n i#s =ar(e#e"
    =rri"rs #lling a "inner gng
    as #$ug$ i# 2as a P G O
    s#eamer6 T$e gues#s1 /la=. #ie
    an" e+ening "resses1 =ame "2n
    # "ine a# #a/les =+en 2i#$ Iris$
    linen1 Ma((in an" @e//
    sil+er2are1 Dul#n (r=ela an"
    )erman B$emian =r%s#al1
    glasses ,r =$am(agne1 2$is.%1
    2in (r# an" 2a#er a# ea=$ (la=e6
    Simla's $ear# 2as #$e Mall1 a
    /ra" a+enue running ,rm ne
    er , #$e ri"ge in 2$i=$ #$e #2n
    2as se# # #$e #$er1 an eC=lusi+e
    Englis$ (resen=e , #ea s$(s1
    /an.s an" s#res1 i#s sur,a=e as
    =lean s=ru//e" as #$e -i=er%'s
    (r=elain6 A# ne en" s#"
    &$ris# &$un &a#$e"ral in#
    2$i=$ #$e &mman"erDinD&$ie,1
    in ,ull uni,rm1 le #$e =ln%
    e+er% Sun"a%1 #$ere # lis#en # 'a
    (r(er =$ir D a Englis$ +i=es'6
    Un#il @rl" @ar One1 In"ians
    2ere n# all2e" 3 2al. n #$e
    Mall6
    T$a# (r$i/i#in $a" re(resen#e"
    #$e essen=e , Simla6 T$e annu
    m+e # i#s $eig$#s 2as mre
    #$an Bus# a seasnal es=a(e ,rm
    #l $ea#6 I# 2as a su/#le
    rea,,irma#in , Bri#ain's ra=ial
    su(eriri#%1 V #$e sli"i#% ,
    #$se +ir#ues 2$i=$ se# #$e
    Bri#is$ a(ar# ,rm #l (ullula#ing
    /r2n millins s2el#ering a#
    #$eir ,ee# n #$e (ar=$, rea=$es
    , In"ia6
    Mu=$ , #$a# l" Simla 2as
    alrea"% gne /% #$e #ime Lu
    Mun#/a##en arri+e" in earl%
    Ma% 37A86 N2 an In"ian =ul"
    e+e 2al. "2n #$e Mall D
    (r+i"ing $e 2as n# 2earing
    #$e na#in "ress , $is =un#r%6>
    Mun#/a##en ma% $a+e /een
    eC$aus#e" /% $is in#ensi+e
    neg#ii #ins1 /u# $e 2as als in
    an eCu/eran#1 =n,i"en# m"6
    He $a"1 a,#i all1 a=$ie+e" in siC
    2ee.s 2$a# $is (re"e=essrs $a"
    ,aile" # ai =m(lis$ in %ears6 He
    $a" "eli+ere" # 34 D2ning
    S#ree# a (la #$a# ,,ere" Bri#ain
    an $nura/le eCi# ,rm In"ia
    an" # #l In"ians a slu#in1
    $2e+er (ain,ul1 # #$eir
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    im(asse6
    Be=ause $e $a" /een a/le #
    2ring (leni(#en#iar% (2ers
    u# ; A##lee /e,re lea+ing
    Ln"n1 $e $a" n# /een /lige"
    # se=ure #l
    > Simla =$ange" 2i#$ an easil%
    ,reseen ra(i"i#% a,#er
    in"e(en"en=e6 Ti In"ians1
    /e=ause , i#s =nn#a#ins1
    a/an"ne" i# as #$eir summer
    =a(i#al6 FTl nl% #$ing 2$i=$
    remains , #$e l" Simla1' M6 S6
    O/eri1 2ner , &e=il's H# an"
    =$airman , O/eri's H#els L#"1
    lamen#e" in 378?1 'is #$e
    =lima#e6' Oi Englis$ sur+i+r ,
    Simla's gran" "a%s s#ill li+es in
    #$e #2n1 an :8D%earDT 2i"2
    name" Mrs Henr% Perm
    Mn#ague6 S$e li+es alne n2
    in #$e "ar. a# melan=$l%
    -i=#rian mansin , $er
    ma#ernal un=le1 #$e !inan=e
    Mem/er i Lr" &urQn's
    -i=eregal &un=il1 surrun"e"
    /% sue "gs1 ,i+e =a#s1 ,ur
    ser+an an" a $use ,ull ,
    memra/ilia6 Mrs Penn
    Mn#ague1 2$ s(ea.s siC
    language rises e+er% "a% a# ,ur
    in #$e a,#ernn6 Brea.,as# is
    ,ll2e" /% $ig$ #ea i sunse#
    a,#er 2$i=$ Mrs Mn#ague
    re#ires # a rm s$e $as
    e'ui((e" 2i#$ Reni#$
    Trans=eani= ra"i6 T$ere1 2$ile
    Simla slee(s1 Mrs Penn Mn#agi
    lis#ens # $er ra"i un#il "a2n1
    ea+es"r((ing n #$e 2rl"6 A#
    A644 a6m6T $en (er$a(s #$e nl%
    lig$# /urning /e#2een Simla an"
    Ti/e#


    ,rmal agreemen# , #$e In"ian
    lea"ers # $is (lan /e,re
    sen"ing i# /a=. # Englan"6 He
    $a" nl% # assure #$e A##lee
    g+ernmen# #$a# #$e% 2ul"
    a==e(# i# 2$en i# 2as (u# /e,re
    #$em6
    His (lan 2as a "is#illa#in ,
    2$a# Mun#/a##en $a" learne" in
    #$e (ri+a=% , $is s#u"%6 I#
    re(resen#e" $is =are,ul
    e+alua#in1 /ase" n $is
    .n2le"ge , ea=$ lea"er's
    in#ima#e sen#imen#s an"
    =n+i=#ins1 , 2$a# #$e% 2ul"
    a==e(# 2$en #$e =$i(s 2ere
    "2n6 S =n,i"en# 2as $e ,
    $is Bu"gmen# #$a# Bus# /e,re
    lea+ing ,r Simla $e $a"
    ,rmall% annun=e" $is in#en#in
    # (resen# i# # #$em n $is
    re#urn n 38 Ma%6
    Simla's /ris. =lima#e1 i#s
    Ol%m(ian =alm1 $2e+er1
    ins(ire" re,le=#in an"
    un=$ara=#eris#i= "u/#s /egan #
    gna2 a# #$e -i=er%6 Sin=e #$e
    (lan $a" rea=$e" Ln"n1 $e $a"
    /een inun"a#e" /% a s#ream ,
    =a/les ,rm #$e A##lee
    g+ernmen# (r(sing #eC#ual
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    m"i,i=a#ins 2$i=$1 2$ile #$e%
    2ul" n# al#er i#s su/s#an=e1
    2ul" =$ange i#s #ne6
    Mre serius1 $2e+er1 2as #$e
    real =n=ern 2$i=$ un"erla% $is
    gr2ing a((re$ensin6 I, #$e
    im(li=a#ins in #$e (lan $e $a"
    sen# # Ln"n 2ere ,ull%
    realiQe"1 i# 2as n# in# #2
    in"e(en"en# na#ins #$a# #$e
    grea# In"ian su/D=n#inen# 2ul"
    /e "i+i"e"1 /u# #$ree6
    Mun#/a##en $a" inser#e" in #$e
    (lan a =lause 2$i=$ 2ul" all2
    an In"ian (r+in=e # /e=me
    in"e(en"en# i, a maBri#% , /#$
    i#s =mmuni#ies 2is$e" #6 T$a#
    =lause 2as in#en"e" # (r+i"e
    #$a# #$e siC#%D,i+e millin
    Hin"us an" Mslems , Bengal
    =ul" Bin in# ne +ia/le
    =un#r% 2i#$ #$e grea# sea(r# ,
    &al=u##a as #$eir =a(i#al6
    T$e i"ea $a" /een (la=e" /e,re
    Mun#/a##en /% &al=u##a's
    Mslem lea"er1 S$a$ee"
    Su$ra2ar"%1 a nig$#=lu/D an"
    =$am(agneDl+ing (li#i=ian
    2$1 #en mn#$s earlier1 $a"
    unleas$e" #$e #errrs , Dire=#
    A=#in Da% n $is =i#%6 T$e
    -i=er% li.e" i#6 &n#ras#e" #
    Jinna$'s a/erran#1 #2D$ea"e"
    s#a#e1 i# seeme" an en#i#% li.el%
    # en"ure6 T $is sur(rise1 $e $a"
    "is=+ere" Bengal's &ngress
    Hin"u Jea"ers in#rigue" /% #$e
    (rBe=#6 He $a" 'uie#l%
    en=urage" #$eir in#eres#6 He $a"
    e+en "is=+ere" Jinna$ 2ul"
    n# ((se #$e i"ea6 He $a" n#1
    $2e+er1 eC(se" i# # Ne$ru
    an" Pa#el1 an" i# 2as #$is
    +ersig$# #$a# "is#ur/e" $im
    n26 @ul" #$e%1 in ,a=#1 a==e(#
    a (lan #$a# mig$# =s# #$em #$e
    grea# (r# , &al=u##a 2i#$ i#s
    /el# , #eC#ile mills 2ne" /% #$e
    in"us#rialis#s 2$ (r+i"e" #$eir
    (ar#%'s (rin=i(al ,inan=ial
    su((r#? I, #$e% "i"n'#1
    Mun#/a##en1 a,#er all #$e
    assuran=es $e'" gi+en Ln"n1
    2as ging # l. a /l"% ,l
    in #$e e%es , In"ia1 Bri#ain an"
    #$e 2rl"6
    A su""en ins(ira#in s#ru=. $im6
    He 2ul" reassure $imsel, /%
    (ri+a#e "is=ussins 2i#$ #$e
    In"ian lea"er1 2$m1 # #$e
    "is#res $is s#a,,1 $e'" in+i#e" #
    s(en" a $li"a% 2i#$ $im in
    Simla6 U! #$an e+er1 Mun#/a##en
    sa2 $is rela#ins$i( 2i#$ #$e
    gra=ius elegan# Ja2a$arlal
    Ne$ru as #$e (rime su((r# ,
    $is 2n (li in In"ia1 an" #$e
    (rime $(e , a 2arm
    un"ers#an"ing /e#2 Bri#ain an"
    $er l" In"ian Em(ire in #$e
    %ears # =me6
    His 2i,e's ,rien"s$i( 2i#$ #$e
    In"ian Prime Minis#er $a" gr=
    #6 @men li.e E"2ina
    Mun#/a##en 2ere rare in #$e
    2rl" T rarer s#ill in #$e In"ia ,
    37A86 N ne $a" /een /e##er
    a/le # "H Ne$ru ,rm $is s$ell
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    2$en "u/#s an" "e(ressin
    gri((e" $im #l #$e a##ra=#i+e
    aris#=ra# 2$ ra"ia#e" s mu=$
    =m(assin1 in ligen=e an"
    2arm#$6 O,#en1 +er #ea1 a s#rll
    in #$e Mg$ul )ar"e r a s2im
    in #$e +i=eregal (l1 s$e $a"
    /een a/le # =$arm Nel u# ,
    $is glm1 re"ress a si#ua#in
    an" su/#l% en=urage $er $
    /an"'s e,,r#s6
    De#ermine" # ,ll2 $is
    ins#in=#1 Mun#/a##en =alle" #$e
    me /ers , $is s#a,, # $is s#u"%
    an" eC(laine" $is i"ea # #$em6
    T$ 2ere $rri,ie"6 T s$2 #$e
    (lan # Ne$ru 2i#$u# eC(sing
    i# Jinna$ 2ul" /e a =m(le#e
    /rea=$ , ,ai#$ 2i#$ #$e Mslem
    lea"i #$e% (in#e" u#6 I, $e
    "is=+ere" i#1 Mun#/a##en's
    2$le (si#i 2ul" /e "es#r%e"6
    !r a lng #ime1 Mun#/a##en sa#
    silen#l% "rumming #$e #a/le#
    2i#$ $is ,inger#i(s6
    'I'm srr%1' $e ,inall% annun=e"6
    'Yur argumen#s are a/slu##
    sun"6 Bu# I $a+e a $un=$ #$a# I
    mus# s$2 i# # Ne$ru1 an" I
    ging # ,ll2 m% $un=$6'>
    T$a# nig$#1 Mun#/a##en in+i#e"
    Ne$ru # $is s#u"% ,r a glass
    (r#6 &asuall%1 $e (asse" #$e
    &ngress lea"er a =(% , #$e
    (lan i# $a" /een amen"e" /%
    Ln"n1 as.ing $im # #a.e i# #
    $is /e"r
    > I# 2as n# #$e ,irs# #ime
    Mun#/a##en $a" gne agains#
    #$e =m/ine" a"+ , $is s#a,,6 In
    !e/ruar% 37A31 lea"ing ,ur ,
    $is ,l#illa , *D=lass "es#r%i
    #$rug$ #$e Ba% , Bis=a% en
    ru#e # )i/ral#ar1 $e re=ei+e" a
    ,las$ ,rm # !irs# Sea Lr"
    in,rming $im #$a# #$e )erman
    (=.e# /a##les$i(s S=$arn$1 an"
    )neisenau $a" Bus# /een sig$#e"
    s#eering ,r Sain#DNaQaire1 an"
    r"ering $i # (r=ee" #
    in#er=e(# #$em6 I# 2as sunse#6
    Mun#/a##en r"ere" $is ,l#illa
    s#eer a =urse ,r Bres#6 His s#a,,
    rus$e" # #$e /ri"ge (r#es#ing
    #$a# #$e% /een r"ere" # ma.e
    ,r Sain#DNaQaire1 n# Bres#6 N1
    Mun#/a##en sai #$e%'" /een
    r"ere" # in#er=e(# #$e #2
    )erman s$i(s an" $e $a" a
    $un=$1 $e 2ere #$e A"miral
    =mman"ing #$se #2 s$i(s1 $e
    sai"1 $e 2ul" n# i s#eering n
    $is #rue =urse a# sunse# 2$en
    #$e las# re=nnaissan=e (lanes ,
    #l "a% 2ere u#6 T$e ,a=# #$e%
    2ere s(##e" $ea"ing ,r Sain#D
    NaQaire mean# #$e real
    "es#ina#in 2as Bres#6 T$e%
    2ul" s#a% n #$e =urse $e'"
    assigne" #$ei Mun#/a##en's
    $un=$ #urne" u# # /e =rre=#6
    T$e #2 s$i(s 2ere in"eV
    $ea"ing ,r Bres#6 Un,r#una#el%1
    al#$ug$ $is "es#r%ers ra=e" ,r
    Bres# i ?5 .n#s1 #$e )ermans'
    $ea"s#ar# 2as # grea#6 T$e%
    rea=$e" #$e !ren=$ ( sa,el%6
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    an" rea" i#6 T$en1 (er$a(s1
    Ne$ru mig$# le# $im .n2
    in,rmall% 2$a# re=e(#in i# 2as
    li.el% # ge# ,rm &ngress6
    !la##ere" an" $a((%1 Ne$ru
    agree"6
    A ,e2 $urs la#er1 2$ile
    Mun#/a##en "e+#e" $imsel, #
    $is regular e+ening relaCa#in1
    =ns#ru=#ing $is ,amil%'s
    genealgi=al #a/le1 Ja2a$arlal
    Ne$ru /egan # s=ru#iniQe #$e
    #eC# "esigne" # =$ar# $is
    =un#r%'s ,u#ure6 He 2as
    $rri,ie" /% 2$a# $e rea"6 T$e
    +isin , #$e In"ia #$a# emerge"
    ,rm #$e (lan's (ages 2as a
    nig$#mare1 an In"ia "i+i"e"1 n#
    in# #2 (ar#s1 /u# ,ragmen#e"
    in# a "Qen (ie=es6 T$e "r
    Mun#/a##en $a" le,# (en ,r
    Bengal 2ul" /e=me1 Ne$ru
    ,resa21 a 2un" #$rug$ 2$i=$
    #$e /es# /l" , In"ia 2ul"
    (ur6 He sa2 In"ia "e(ri+e" ,
    i#s lungs1 #$e (r# , &al=u##a
    alng 2i#$ i#s mills1 ,a=#ries1
    s#eel 2r.sT *as$mir1 $is
    /el+e" *as$mir1 an
    in"e(en"en# s#a#e rule" /% a
    "es(# $e "es(ise"T H%"era/a"
    /e=me an enrmus1
    in"iges#i/le Mslem /"%
    (lan#e" in #$e /ell% , In"iaT $al,
    a "Qen #$er (rin=el% s#a#es
    =lamuring # g ,, n #$eir
    2n6 T$e (lan1 $e /elie+e"1
    2ul" eCa=er/a#e all In"ia's
    ,issi(arus #en"en=ies D "iale=#1
    =ul#ure1 ra=e D # #$e (in# a#
    2$i=$ #$e su/D=n#inen# 2ul"
    ris. eC(l"ing in# a msai= ,
    2ea.1 $s#ile s#a#es6 T$e Bri#is$
    $a" run In"ia ,r #$ree =en#uries
    2i#$ #$e /%2r" 'Di+i"e an"
    Rule'6 T$e% (r(se" # lea+e i#
    n a ne2 neH '!ragmen# an"
    Lui#'6 @$i#eD,a=e"1 s$a.ing 2i#$
    rage1 Ne$ru s#al.e" in# #$e
    /e"rm , $is =n,i"an#
    *ris$na Menn 2$'"
    a==m(anie" $im # Simla6 @i#$
    a ,urius ges#ure1 $e $urle" #$e
    (lan n # $is /e"6
    'I#'s all +er!' $e s$u#e"6
    Mun#/a##en g# $is ,irs#
    in#ima#in , $is ,rien"'s +ilen#
    rea=#in in a le##er earl% #$e
    ,ll2ing mrning6 !r #$e
    =n,i"en# -i=er%1 i# 2as 'a
    /m/s$ell'6 As $e rea" i#1 #$e
    2$le s#ru=#ure $e $a" s
    =are,ull% ere=#e" "uring #$e (as#
    siC 2ee.s =ame #um/ling "2n
    li.e a $use , =ar"s6 T$e
    im(ressin $is (lan le,#1 Ne$ru
    2r#e1 2as ne , ',ragmen#a#in
    an" =n,li=# an" "isr"er'6 I#
    ,rig$#ene" $im an" 2as =er#ain
    # /e 'resen#e" an" /i##erl%
    "isli.e" /% #$e &ngress Par#%'6
    Rea"ing Ne$ru's 2r"s1 #$e
    (ise"1 sel,Dassure" -i=er% 2$
    " (ru"l% annun=e" # #$e
    2rl" #$a# $e 2as ging #
    (resen# a slu#in # In"ia's
    "ilemma in #en 1"a%s #ime1
    su""enl% realiQe" $e $a" n
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    slu#in a# all6 T$e (lan #$e
    Bri#is$ &a/ine# 2as "is=ussing
    #$a# +er% "a%1 #$e (lan $e'"
    assure" A##lee 2ul" 2in In"ian
    a==e(#an=e1 2ul" ne+er ge# (as#
    #$e ne elemen# in In"ia #$a# $a"
    # a==e(# i#1 #$e &ngress Par#%6
    Mun#/a##en's =ri#i=s mig$#
    a==use $im , +erD=n,i"en=e1
    /u# $e 2as n# a man # /r"
    +er se#/a=.s6 Ins#ea" ,
    "es(n"i Ne$ru's rea=#in1
    Mun#/a##en =ngra#ula#e"
    $imsel, n s$e $im #$e (lan1 an"
    se# u# # re(air #$e "amage6
    !r#una#el% ,= -i=er%1 $is
    ,rien"s$i( 2i#$ Ne$ru 2ul"
    sur+i+e #$e s$" Mun#/a##en's
    /e$es#1 Ne$ru agree" # s#a% n
    an#$er nig$# #= $im #ime # "ra,#
    a re+ise" (lan 2$i=$ mig$# /e
    a==e(#a/le # gress6 I# 2ul"
    $a+e # =lse #$e l($les #$a#
    $a" s "is#r Ne$ru6 T$e ne2 (lan
    2ul" ,,er In"ia's (r+in=es
    an" (rin=es ne =$i=e D In"ia r
    Pa.is#an6
    T$e "ream , an in"e(en"en#
    Bengal 2as gne6 Mun#/
    remaine" =n+in=e"1 $2e+er1
    #$a# Jinna$'s #2D$ea"e" s#a#e V
    n# sur+i+e6 Sme #ime la#er1 $e
    (re"i=#e" # #$e man 2$ 2ul=
    =ee" $im in -i=er%'s Huse1 &6
    R6 RaBag(ala=$ari1 #$a# Eas# Bi
    2ul" /e u# , Pa.is#an in a
    'uar#er , a =en#ur%6 T$e Bangl>
    2ar , 3783 2as # =n,irm $is
    (re"i=#in 2i#$ Bus# ne %ear # s
    T re"ra,# $is (lan1 Mun#/a##en
    =alle" in# $is s#u"% #$e $i
    ran.ing In"ian in $is +i=eregal
    es#a/lis$men#6 I# 2as a su( irn%
    #$a# a# #$a# =ri#i=al Bun=#ure #$e
    In"ian # 2$m Mun#/ #urne"
    $a" n# e+en en#ere" #$a#
    +aun#e" a"minis#ra#i+e eli#e
    In"ian &i+il Ser+i=e6 N "egree
    ,rm OC,r" r &am/ri"ge gi
    $is ,,i=e 2alls6 N ,amil% #ies
    $a" $as#ene" $is rise6 -6 P6 M
    2as an in=ngruus ""i#% in #$e
    rari,ie" air , -i=er%'s Hi sel,D
    ma"e man6
    El"es# sn in a ,amil% , #2el+e1
    Menn $a" 'ui# s=$ 3? # 2r.
    su==essi+el% as a =ns#ru=#in
    2r.er1 =al miner1 ,a $an"1
    s#.er n #$e Su#$ern In"ian
    Rail2a%s1 unsu==ess,ul =V
    /r.er an" s=$l#ea=$er6
    !inall%1 $a+ing #aug$# $imsel, #
    2i#$ #2 ,ingers1 $e #al.e" $is
    2a% in# a B/ as a =ler. in #$e Ii
    a"minis#ra#in in Simla in
    37576>
    @$a# ,ll2e" 2as (r/a/l% #$e
    ms# me#eri= rise in #$a
    minis#ra#in's $is#r%6 B% 37A81
    i# $a" =arrie" Menn # ne =
    ms# senir (s#s n #$e
    -i=er%'s s#a,,1 2$ere $e $a"
    'ui=.l% Mun#/a##en's
    =n,i"en=e an" la#er a,,e=#in6
    Mun#/a##en in,rme" Menn
    #$a#1 /% #$a# e+ening1 $e + $a+e
    # re"ra,# #$e =$ar#er #$a# 2ul"
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    gi+e In"ia $er in"e(en"
    > @$en Menn arri+e" in Del$i
    en ru#e # Simla1 $e "is=+ere"
    e+er% $e 2ne" $a" /een s#len6
    Des(airing1 $e ,inall%
    a((ra=$e" an el"er! #inguis$e"
    Si.$1 eC(laine" $is (lig$# an"
    as.e" ,r a lan , IS ru(ees1 #
    $is ,are # Simla6 T$e Si.$ ga+e
    $im #$e mne%6 @$en Menn
    as.e" , a""ress s $e =ul" (a%
    i# /a=.1 #$e Si.$ sai"H 'N1 un#il
    #$e "a% %u "ii 2ill al2a%s gi+e
    #$a# sum # an% $nes# man 2$
    as.s %ur $el(6' SiC /e,re $is
    "ea#$1 $is "aug$#er re=alls1 a
    /eggar =ame # #$e ,amil% $i
    Bangalre6 Menn sen# $is
    "aug$#er ,r $is 2alle#1 #. u#
    ,i,#een ru(eeT ga+e i# # #$e man6
    He 2as s#ili re(a%ing $is "e/#
    I#s essen#ial (#in1 (ar#i#in1
    $a" # remain an" i# mus# a/+e
    all =n#inue # (la=e #$e
    res(nsi/ili#% ,r ma.ing #$e
    =$i=e u(n #$e In"ians
    #$emsel+es #$rug$ #$e +#e ,
    #$eir (r+in=ial assem/lies6
    Menn ,inis$e" $is #as. in
    a==r"an=e 2i#$ Mun#/a##en's
    ins#ru=#ins6 Be#2een lun=$ an"
    "inner1 $e $a" (er,rme" a #ur
    "e ,r=e6 T$e man 2$ $a"
    /egun $is =areer as a #2D,inger
    #%(is# =ulmina#e" i# /%
    re"ra,#ing1 in /arel% siC $urs n
    an ,,i=e (r=$ l.ing u# n
    #$e Himala%as1 a (lan 2$i=$ 2as
    ging # reDr"er #$e su/D
    =n#inen# an" al#er #$e ma( ,
    #$e 2rl"6
    K > >
    S#ri=.en 2i#$ a +ilen# a##a=. ,
    a((en"i=i#is1 Manu's slen"er
    ,igure s$. un"er #$e /lan.e#s
    $er grea#Dun=le $a" $ea(e" +er
    $er6 Her e%es 2ere "ulle" /% a
    ra=.ing ,e+er6 Her /"% 2as
    $un=$e" in# a ,e#al (si#in in
    an ins#in=#i+e e,,r# # minimiQe
    #$e #erri/le (ain in $er a/"men6
    Silen# an" 2rrie"1 )an"$i
    $+ere" a# $er si"e6
    On=e again $e ,a=e" a =$allenge
    # $is ,ai#$6 )an"$i $a" $a" a
    "ee(Dr#e" /elie, in na#ure
    =ures6 He "enun=e" m"ern
    me"i=ine ,r i#s em($asis n #$e
    /"%'s ($%si=al as(e=#s a# #$e
    eC(ense , #$e s(iri#1 ,r
    =unselling (ills an" "rugs 2$en
    2$a# 2as nee"e" 2as res#rain#
    an" sel,D"is=i(line1 ,r /eing #
    =n=erne" 2i#$ mne%6 T$e
    ,iel"s , In"ia1 $e main#aine"1
    2ere ,ille" 2i#$ na#ural1
    me"i=inal $er/s (la=e" #$ere /%
    )" # =ure #$e na#in's ill6 T
    )an"$i1 na#ure =ure 2as an
    eC#ensin , $is nnD+ilen#
    ($ils($%6 I# 2as ,r #$a#
    reasn $e $a" re,use" # all2
    $is 2i,e's /"% # /e su/Be=#e" #
    #$e +ilen=e , a $%("ermi=
    nee"le as s$e la% "%ing in #$e
    Aga *$an's (ala=e6
    @$en Manu $a" /egun #
    =m(lain , a (ain in $er
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    a/"men1 )an"$i (res=ri/e" #$e
    #rea#men# na#ure =ure "i=#a#e"H
    mu"(a=.s1 a s#ri=# "ie# an"
    enemas6
    Her =n"i#in 2rsene"6 N21
    ?9 $urs la#er1 a =risis 2as a#
    $an"6 !r all $is ,ai#$ in na#ure
    =ures1 )an"$i $a" als s#u"ie"
    me"i=ine a# grea# leng#$6 He
    .ne2 +er% 2ell 2$a# mala"%
    2as gri((ing $is grea#Dnie=e6
    As i# $a" /een in Na.$ali1 $er
    ,ai#$ in $im 2as ##al6 S$e $a"
    =n,i"e" $ersel, en#irel% # $is
    $an"s1 rea"% # " 2$a#e+er $e
    2an#e"6 )an"$i 2as in agn%6
    His na#ure #rea#men# $a" ,aile"6
    T $im i#s ,ailure1 Manu's
    illness1 2ere mani,es#a#ins ,
    #$eir s(iri#ual im(er,e=#ins6
    Bu#1 as $e 2ul" la#er n#e1 $e
    "i" n# '$a+e #$e =urage # le# a
    girl en#rus#e" # me "ie li.e #$a#'6
    He /r.e "2n an" a"mi##e"
    "e,ea#6 '@i#$ #$e u#ms#
    relu=#an=e1' #$e man 2$ $a"
    "enie" $is "%ing 2i,e #$e +ilen#
    #$era(% , a $%("ermi= nee"le
    "e=i"e" # all2 /is "%ing grea#D
    nie=e #$e +ilen=e , #$e
    surgen's s=al(el6 Manu 2as
    rus$e" # #$e $s(i#al ,r an
    emergen=% a(_ "e=#m%6
    As s$e sli((e" un"er #$e
    anaes#$e#i=1 )an"$i gen#l%
    (la=e" (alm n $er /r26 'Hl"
    n # Ramanama1' $e #l" $er1
    'an" all /e 2ell6'
    Hurs la#er1 ne , $er "=#rs1
    s$=.e" a# )an"$i's $agB regar"1
    #. #$e Ma$a#ma asi"e6 Res#1 $e
    /egge" )an"$i1 ease s#rain n
    $is /eing6 FT$e (e(le nee" %ur
    ser+i=es mre #$an eS
    )an"$i l.e" a# $im 2i#$
    "is=nsla#e e%es6 'Nei#$er #$e
    (eV nr #$se in (2er $a+e an%
    use ,r me1' $e sa"l% re(lie"6
    'M% V 2is$ is # "ie in $arness1
    #a.ing #$e name , )" 2i#$ m%
    /rea#$6'


    Pala=es an" Tigers1 Ele($an#s
    an" Je2els
    Ne2 Del$i1 Ma% 37A8
    T$e #ur/ane" ser+an# a"+an=e"
    in re+eren# silen=e #2ar"s #$e
    mamm#$ ,igure , $is mas#er6
    &aressing 2i#$ $is /are ,ee# #$e
    #iger1 (an#$er an" an#el(e s.ins
    #$a# li##ere" $is lng mar=$
    a=rss #$e rm1 $e /re # $is
    em(l%er's /e"si"e a sil+er #ra%
    r"ere" in Ln"n in 3753 #
    mar. #$e #ur , In"ia , His
    R%al Hig$ness #$e Prin=e ,
    @ales6 T$e +ermeil #ea(# se#
    u(n i# ga+e ,, #$e "eli=ius
    ,ragran=e , #$e s(e=ial /len"
    simmering insi"e1 a miC#ure
    ,l2n #2i=e a mn#$ ,rm
    Ln"n alng 2i#$ #$e /is=ui#s
    a==m(an%ing i#1 /% #$e ,irm ,
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    !r#num an" Masn6 On #$e
    2alls , #$e /e"rm1 in i#s
    s$a"2% =rners1 2ere #$e
    s#u,,e" animal $ea"s an" a $s#
    , sil+er #r($ies garnere" /% i#s
    ==u(an# 2i#$ $is lngD/re
    ri,le1 $is (l s#i=. r $is =ri=.e#
    /a#1 all , 2$i=$ $e 2iel"e" 2i#$
    a gen#leman's s.ilL
    T$e ser+an# se# #$e #ra% n a
    /e"si"e #a/le an" /en# "2n #
    $is mas#er6 T$e man 2as a Si.$
    an" $is /la=. /ear"1 #ig$#l%
    rlle" in a sil. ne#1 =ir=le" $is
    slee(ing ,a=e li.e an e/n%
    =llar6
    'Be" #ea1> #$e ser+an# 2$is(ere"
    2i#$ /se'uius s,#ness6
    T$e siCD,#D,urDin=$ ,igure
    /el2 $im s#re#=$e" 2i#$ a lng
    an" ,eline ges#ure6 As $e s2ung
    # $is ,ee#1 an#$er ser+an#
    emerge" ,rm #$e s$a"2s #
    =+er $is mus=ular s$ul"ers
    2i#$ a sil. r/e6 S$a.ing #$e
    slee( ,rm $is e%es1 His Ms#
    )ra=ius Hig$ness Ya"a+in"ra$
    Sing$1 #$e eig$#$ Ma$araBa ,
    #$e In"ian S#a#e , Pa#iala1 gaQe"
    u# n an#$er "a%6
    Ya"a+in"ra$ Sing$ (resi"e"
    +er #$e ms# remar.a/le /"%
    in #$e 2rl"1 an assem/l% unli.e
    an% #$er man $a" e+er s(a2ne"
    r 2as li.el% # s(a2n in #$e
    ,u#ure6 He 2as #$e &$an=ellr ,
    #$e &$am/er , In"ian Prin=es6
    On #$is Ma% mrning1 alms#
    #2 %ears a,#er #$e =%=lne ,
    Hirs$ima an" #$e en" , a 2ar
    #$a# $a" s$a.en #$e 2rl"'s
    ,un"a#ins1 #$e 090 ma$araBas1
    na2a/s1 raBas an" rulers
    =m(sing #$a# =$am/er s#ill
    reigne" as a/slu#e1 $ere"i#ar%
    s+ereigns +er ne #$ir" ,
    In"ia's lan" sur,a=e an" a 'uar#er
    , $er ((ula#in6 T$e% re,le=#e"
    #$e ,a=# #$a# un"er #$e Bri#is$
    #$ere $a" /een #2 In"ias1 #$e
    In"ia , i#s (r+in=es1
    a"minis#ere" /% #$e =en#ral
    g+ernmen# in Del$i1 an" #$e
    se(ara#e In"ia , $er (rin=es6
    T$e (rin=es' ana=$rnis#i=
    si#ua#in "a#e" ,rm Bri#ain's
    $a($aQar" =n'ues# , In"ia
    2$en rulers 2$ re=ei+e" #$e
    Englis$ 2i#$ (en arms r
    (r+e" 2r#$% ,es n #$e
    /a##le,iel"1 2ere all2e" #
    remain n #$eir #$rnes (r+i"e"
    #$e% a=.n2le"ge" Bri#ain as
    (aramun# (2er6 T$e s%s#em
    2as ,rmaliQe" in a series , #rea
    /e#2een #$e in"i+i"ual rulers
    an" #$e Bri#is$ =r2n6 T$e (rir
    $a" re=gniQe" #$e
    'Paramun#=%' , #$e *ing
    Em(err as reB sen#e" in Ne2
    Del$i /% #$e -i=er% an" =e"e"
    # $im =n#rl #$eir ,reign
    a,,airs an" "e,en=e6 T$e%
    re=ei+e" in re#urn Bri#a
    guaran#ee , #$eir =n#inuing
    au#nm% insi"e #$eir s#a#es6
    &er#ain (rin=es li.e #$e NiQam ,
    H%"era/a" r #$e Ma$ai ,
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    *as$mir rule" +er s#a#es 2$i=$
    ri+alle" in siQe r ((ula#in
    na#ins , @es#ern Eur(e6
    O#$ers li.e #$se in #$e *a#$ia
    (eninsula near Bm/a% li+e" in
    s#a/les an" g+erne" "mains
    larger #$an Ln"n's Ri=$mn"
    Par.6 T$eir ,ra#erni#% em/ra=e"
    ri=$es# man in #$e 2rl" an"
    (rin=es s (r #$a# #$eir en#ire .
    "m 2as a =2 (as#ure6 O+er
    ,ur $un"re" (rin=es rule" s#
    smaller #$an #2en#% s'uare
    miles6 A g" num/er , #$em
    ,,> #$eir su/Be=#s an
    a"minis#ra#in ,ar /e##er #$an
    #$a# #$e Bri (r+i"e"6 A ,e2
    2ere (e##% "es(#s mre
    =n=erne" 2i#$ s'uan ing #$eir
    s#a#e's re+enues # sla.e #$eir
    2n eC#ra+agan# "esires 3 2i#$
    im(r+ing #$e l# , #$eir
    (e(les6
    @$a#e+er #$eir (li#i=al
    (r=li+i#ies1 $2e+er1 #$e ,u#ure
    , InV ruling (rin=es1 2i#$ #$eir
    a+erage , 33 #i#les1 0D: 2i+es1
    35D9 =$ile 7D5 ele($an#s1 5D:
    (ri+a#e rail2a% =ars1 ?DA RllsD
    R%=es an" #igers .ille"1 (se" a
    gra+e (r/lem in #$e s(ring ,
    37A86 slu#in # #$e In"ian
    e'ua#in 2ul" 2r. i, i# ,aile"
    # "eal #$eir (e=uliar si#ua#in6
    !r )an"$i1 Ne$ru an" #$e
    &ngress #$e ans2er 2as
    e+i"en#1 (rin=es' reign s$ul" /e
    #ermina#e" an" #$eir s#a#es
    merge" in# in"e(en"en# In"ia6
    T$a# 2as $ar"l% a slu#in
    "esigne" # a((e Ya"a+in"ra$
    Sing$ an" men li.e $im6 His
    s#a#e , Pa#iala iC $ear# , #$e
    PunBa/ 2as ne , #$e ri=$es# in
    In"ia an" $e $a arm% #$e siQe ,
    an in,an#r% "i+isin1 /ul2ar.e"
    /% &en#i #an.s1 # "e,en" i# i,
    ne=essar%6
    An a#ms($ere , =n=ern an"
    #ensin $ung a/u# #$e &$an= ,
    #$e &$am/er , In"ian Prin=es
    as $e si((e" $is #ea6 He 3
    sme#$ing n #$is Ma% mrning
    #$a# #$e -i=er% , In"ia "ie
    .n26 He .ne2 #$a#1 9444 miles
    ,rm $is PunBa/i s#a#e1 in L# a
    man 2as ma.ing a "es(era#e
    (lea s #$a# $is ,u#ure an" #$a# V
    ,ell2 (rin=es 2ul" n# /e #$a#
    # 2$i=$ Ne$ru an" #$e S=i ,
    &ngress 2is$e" # =n"emn
    #$em6
    > > >
    T$e man 2$ 2as # ma.e #$a#
    (lea 2as n# a ma$araBa /
    Englis$man6 He 2as in Ln"n
    2i#$u# #$e -i=er%'s .n2le"
    a((r+al6 Sir &nra" &r,iel"
    2as a missinar%'s sn1 2$
    re(resen#e" ne , #$e grea#
    s#reng#$s an" a# #$e same #ime
    grea# 2ea.nesses , #$e Bri#is$
    2$ $a" run In"ia6 &r,iel" $a"
    s(en# ms# , $is =areer in #$e
    ser+i=e , In"ia's (rin=el% s#a#es
    an" as a resul# #$se s#a#es 2ere
    $is In"ia6 His Bu"gmen# , 2$a#
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    2as g" ,r In"ia 2as 2$a#
    2as g" ,r $er (rin=es6 He
    la#$e" #$eir enemies1 Ne$ru an"
    &ngress1 2i#$ a ,er+ur a# leas#
    e'ual # #$eirs6
    &r,iel" 2as1 in Ma% 37A81 #$e
    -i=er%'s Pli#i=al Se=re#ar%1 $is
    "e(u#% res(nsi/le ,r
    eCer=ising #$e au#$ri#% #$a# #$e
    (rin=es $a" =e"e" # #$e *ing
    Em(err6 A/sr/e" sin=e
    arri+ing in Del$i /% #$e #as. ,
    ,in"ing a slu#in # #$e =n,li=#
    /e#2een &ngress an" #$e6
    Mslem League1 Mun#/a##en
    $a" $a" li##le #ime # 2res#le
    2i#$ #$e (r/lem , &r,iel" an"
    #$e (rin=es6 T$a# $a" n#
    "is#ur/e" &r,iel"6 Dee(l%
    sus(i=ius , $is su(erir's
    ri(ening ,rien"s$i( 2i#$ Ne$ru1
    &r,iel" $a" ,l2n # Ln"n #
    se=ure $is (rin=es a /e##er "eal
    #$an $e #$ug$# Mun#/a##en
    2ul" /e (re(are" # gi+e #$em6
    &r,iel" 2as ma.ing $is (lea in
    a rm ren"ere" uni'ue in
    "e,eren=e # #$e (rin=es , In"ia6
    T$e =#agnal Ln"n ,,i=e ,
    #$e Se=re#ar% , S#a#e ,r In"ia1
    .n2n sin=e #$e "a%s , J$n
    Mrle% as #$e 'gil"e" =age'1
    =ul" /e en#ere" /% ei#$er , #2
    "rs ((si#e #$e se=re#ar%'s
    "es.1 eCa=#l% ali.e in e+er%
    "e#ail6 T$us #2 ma$araBas ,
    e'ual ran. =ul" en#er #$e
    se=re#ar%'s (resen=e a# (re=isel%
    #$e same ins#an#1 s #$a# nei#$er
    2ul" su,,er a lss , ,a=e r
    (re=e"en=e6
    &r,iel" se# $is argumen# /e,re
    #$e ==u(an# , #$a# ,,i=e1 #$e
    Earl , Lis#2el1 2i#$ ,r=e an"
    +igur6 In"ia's (rin=es $a"
    surren"ere" #$eir (2ers i #$e
    Bri#is$ =r2n an" nl% # #$e
    Bri#is$ =r2n1 $e argue"6 A# #$e
    mmen# In"ia /e=ame
    in"e(en"en# #$se (2ers
    s$ul" re+er# # #$em6 T$e%
    2ul" #$en /e ,ree # 2r. u#
    2$a#e+er ne2 arrangemen# #$e%
    =ul" 2i#$ In"ia r Pa.is#an1 r
    i, #$e% =$se1 an" i# 2ere
    (ra=#i=a/le1 #$e% =ul" /e=me
    in"e(en"en#6 An%#$ing less
    2ul" /e a +ila#in , #$e
    #rea#ies #$a# lin.e" Bri#ain # #$e
    s#a#es6
    &r,iel"'s in#er(re#a#in 2as in
    #$e s#ri=# legal sense rig$#6 I#s
    (ra=#i=al =nse'uen=es1
    $2e+er1 2ul" /e a((alling #
    =n#em(la#e6 I, #$e im(li=a#ins
    in &r,iel"'s im(assine" (lea
    2ere realiQe"1 an in"e(en"en#
    In"ia 2ul" /e mena=e" 2i#$
    Bal.aniQa#in n a s=ale e+en
    Ne$ru in Simla $a" n#
    =n#em(la#e"6
    K > >
    I# $a" n=e seeme" # Ru"%ar"
    *i(ling #$a# Pr+i"en=e $a"
    =rea#e" #$e ma$araBas Bus# #
    ,,er man.in" a s(e=#a=le1 a
    "aQQling +isin , mar/le
    (ala=es1 #igers1 ele($an#s an"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    Be2els6 P2er,ul r $um/le1 ri=$
    r (r1 #$eirs 2as an
    eC#rar"inar% /ree"1 2$se
    mem/ers $a" ,uelle" #$se
    legen"s , an In"ia n2 n #$e
    /rin. , eC#in=#in6 T$ a==un#s
    , #$eir +i=es an" +ir#ues1 #$eir
    eC#ra+agan=es an" (re "igali#ies1
    #$eir ,llies an" #$eir
    e==en#ri=i#ies1 $a" enri=$e"
    ,l.li an" en#ran=e" a 2rl"
    $ungr% ,r eC#i= "reams6 T$eir
    "a% 2as en; ing1 /u# 2$en #$e
    ma$araBas , In"ia 2ere gne1
    #$e 2rl" 2u /e a "uller (la=e6
    T$e legen" #$a# surrun"e"
    In"ia's (rin=es 2as #$e 2r. ,
    rela#i+el% small1 num/er , #$eir
    =m(an%1 #$se rulers 2i#$ #
    2eal#$1 #$e #ime an" #$e a((e#i#e
    # in"ulge #$eir ms# imagina#i
    ,an#asies6 A series , =nsuming
    (assins uni#e" #$se eC#ra+ags
    gen#lemen an" #$e% (ursue"
    #$em 2i#$ rare "e+#in6
    Hun#ing1 =a s(r#1 #$eir (ala=es
    an" $arems all ,igure" amng
    #$em1 /u# m ,#en Be2els 2ere a
    ma$araBa's /es# ,rien"s6
    T$e Ma$araBa , Bar"a
    (ra=#i=all% 2rs$i((e" gl" an"
    (reel s#nes6 His =ur# #uni= 2as
    , s(un gl" an" nl% ne ,amil%
    $is s#a#e 2as all2e" # 2ea+e
    i#s #$rea"s6 T$e ,ingernails , e
    mem/er , #$e ,amil% 2ere
    gr2n # eC#rar"inar% leng#$1
    #$en an" n#=$e" li.e #$e #ee#$
    , a =m/ s #$e% =ul" =aress
    #$e B #$rea"s in# (er(en"i=ular
    (er,e=#in6
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    "iamn"s in=lu"e" #$e S#ar ,
    #$e S #$e se+en#$ /igges#
    "iamn" in #$e 2rl"1 an" #$e
    "iamn" ,l /% Na(len III #
    Eugenie6 T$e ms# (re=ius
    /au/le ir #reasure =$es# 2as a
    =lle=#in , #a(es#ries ma"e
    en#irel% , ( in# 2$i=$ $a" /een
    2+en rna#e "esigns , ru/ies
    an" emer
    T$e Ma$araBa , B$ara#(ur $a"
    an e+en mre remarl =lle=#in6
    His mas#er(ie=es 2ere ma"e ,
    i+r%6 Ea=$ re(rea %ears ,
    la/ur ,r an en#ire ,amil%6 T$eir
    2r. "eman"e eC#rar"inar%
    eCa=#i#u"e1 (eeling "2n #$e
    i+r% , ele(# #us.s6 T$e larges#
    #(aQ in #$e 2rl" gleame" li.e
    a &%=l(ea ,rm #$e #ur/an ,
    #$e Si.$ Ma$araBa , *a(ur#ala1
    i#s aT /rillian=e se# ,, /% a ,iel"
    , ?444 "iamn"s an" (earls6
    T$e ,a# #reasure , #$e Ma$araBa
    , Jai(ur 2as /urie" in a
    RaBas#$a si"e1 #$e si#e guar"e"
    ,rm genera#in # genera#in /%
    a (ar#i= /elli=se RaB(u# #ri/e6
    Ea=$ Ma$araBa 2as all2e" #
    +isi# #l n=e in $is li,e#ime #
    sele=# #$e s#nes 2$i=$ 2ul"
    em/ell reign6 Amng i#s mar+els
    2as a ne=.la=e =m(se" ,
    #$ree # ru/ies ea=$ #$e siQe , a
    (igen's egg an" #$ree enrmus
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    em #$e larges# , 2$i=$ 2eig$e"
    74 =ara#s6
    &en#re(ie=e , #$e grea# Si.$
    Ma$araBa , Pa#iala's =l 2as a
    (earl ne=.la=e insure" /% Ll%"s
    ,r ne millin "lla ms#
    in#riguing i#em1 $2e+er1 2as a
    "iamn" /reas#(l luminus
    sur,a=e =m(se" , 3443
    /rillian#l% ma#=$e" /lu
    "iamn"s6 Un#il #$e #urn , #$e
    =en#ur% i# $a" /een #$e =us#m
    , #$e Ma$araBa , Pa#iala #
    a((ear n=e a %ear /e,re $is
    su/Be=#s na.e" eC=e(# ,r #$a#
    "iamn" /reas#(la#e1 $is rgan in
    ,ull an" glrius ere=#in6 His
    (er,rman=e 2as a"Bu"ge" a
    .in" , #em(ral mani,es#a#in
    , #$e S$i+aling1 #$e ($alli=
    re(resen#a#in , Lr" S$i+a's
    rgan6 As #$e Ma$araBa 2al.e"
    a/u#1 $is su/Be=#s glee,ull%
    a((lau"e"1 #$eir =$eers
    a=.n2le"ging /#$ #$e
    "imensins , #$e (rin=el% rgan
    an" #$e ,a=# #$a# i# 2as su((se"
    # /e ra"ia#ing magi= (2ers #
    "ri+e e+il s(iri#s ,rm #$e lan"6
    An earl% Ma$araBa , M%sre
    2as in,rme" /% a &$inese sage
    #$a# #$e ms# e,,i=a=ius
    a($r"isia=s in #$e 2rl" 2ere
    ma"e , =rus$e" "iamn"s6 T$a#
    un,r#una#e "is=+er% le" # #$e
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    (re=ius s#nes 2ere grun" #
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    a sense1 # /ene,i#1 2ere (ara"e"
    #$rug$ #$e s#a#e n ele($an#s
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    ru/ies an" 2$se ears 2ere
    "e=ra#e" 2i#$ ele($an# earD
    rings =m(se" , #$e (rin=e's
    sur+i+ing "iamn"s6
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    a/u# n an ele($an# e+en mre
    gau"il% arra%e"6 T$e animal 2as
    a 344D%earDl" mns#er 2$se
    grea# #us.s $a" s.e2ere" #2en#%
    ri+als in as man% =m/a#s6 All
    $is e'ui(men# 2as in gl"H #$e
    $2"a$ in 2$i=$ #$e (rin=e
    r"e1 $is $arness1 #$e grea#
    sa""leD=l#$1 r s$a/ra=.1
    =+ering $is /a=.6 Li.e
    (en"an#s1 #en gl" =$ains $ung
    ,rm ea=$ , #$e (a=$%"erm's
    ears6 Ea=$ =$ain 2as 2r#$
    O501444 an" ea=$ re(resen#e"
    ne , $is +i=#ries6
    In /#$ (ra=#i=e an" ,l.lre1 #$e
    ele($an# $a" /een ,r
    genera#ins #$e (rin=es'
    (re,erre" means , l=m#in6
    S%m/ls , #$e =smi= r"er1
    /rn ,rm #$e $an" , Rama1
    #$e% 2ere in Hin"u m%#$lg%
    #$e (illars , #$e uni+erse1 #$e
    su((r#s , #$e s.% an" #$e
    =lu"s6 On=e a %ear1 M%sre
    (rs#ra#e" $imsel, in +enera#in
    /e,re #$e larges# /ull ele($an#
    in $is $er"1 #$us re.in"ling $is
    allian=e 2i#$ na#ure's ,r=es6
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    A (rin=e's s#an"ing mig$# /e
    measure" in #$e num/er1 #$e age
    an" #$e siQe , #$e animals
    ,illing $is ele($an# s#a/les6 N#
    (r/a/l% sin=e Hanni/al $a"
    mar=$e" a=rss #$e Al(s1 $a" #$e
    2rl" seen a =lle=#in ,
    ele($an#s # ri+al #$se (u# n
    "is(la% n=e a %ear in M%sre
    ,r #$e Hin"u ,es#i+al , #$e
    Dusse$ra6 One #$usan" animals
    "ra(e" in ela/ra#el% 2+en
    /lan.e#s , ,l2ers1 #$eir
    ,re$ea"s s#u""e" 2i#$ Be2els
    an" gl"1 (ara"e" #$rug$ #$e
    s#ree#s , #$e =i#%6 T #$e
    s#rnges# /ull ele($an# 2en# #$e
    $nur , =arr%ing #$e #$rne ,
    #$e Ma$araBa1 a (e"es#al ,
    massi+e gl" "ra(e" in gl"D
    /r=a"e" +el+e# an" surmun#e"
    /% an um/rella1 #$e s%m/l ,
    (rin=el% (2er6 Be$in" #$a#
    animal =ame #2 mre "e=ra#e"
    ii =m(ara/le s(len"ur an"
    /earing em(#% $2"a$s6 As #$e%
    =am in# sig$#1 a res(e=#,ul
    silen=e se##le" u(n #$e =r2"s
    alng #$ei (a#$6 T$ese em(#%
    $2"a$s 2ere su((se" #
    =n#ain #$e s(iri#s = #$e
    Ma$araBa's ,re/ears6
    In Bar"a1 #$e (rin=el% ,e#es
    2ere ine+i#a/l% $ig$lig$#e" /
    ele($an# ,ig$#s6 T$eir =m/a#s
    2ere #erri,%ing s(e=#a=les6 T2
    enrmus /ull ele($an#s "ri+en
    ma" 2i#$ ,ur% /% lan=es #$rus#
    in# #$eir ,lan.s li.e a (i=a"r's
    Ba/ a# a ,ig$#ing /ull 2ere
    unleas$e" ea=$ #$er6 S$a.ing
    #$e grun" 2i#$ #$eir enrmus
    2eig$# an" #$ s.% 2i#$ #$eir
    ,rig$#ene" #rum(e#ings1 #$e%
    ,ug$# un#il ne , #$ei 2as
    .ille"6
    T$e RaBa , D$en.anal1 a s#a#e
    in eas#ern In"ia1 (r+i"e
    #$usan"s , gues#s ea=$ %ear
    2i#$ an ((r#uni#% # 2i#ness a
    e'uall% im(ressi+e /u# less
    /l"% eC$i/i#in /% $is
    ele($an#s1 #l (u/li= =(ula#in ,
    #2 , #$e ms# sele=# "eniQens
    , $is s#a/le
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    /e,re #$e #urn , #$e =en#ur% 3
    rnamen# $is (ala=e 2i#$ a
    =$an"elier =are,ull% =al=ula#e" #
    sur(a in "imensin #$e larges#
    =$an"elier in Bu=.ing$am
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    -eni=e1 $2e+er1 smene
    (in#e" u# # #$e Ma$ara #$a#
    #$e r, , $is (ala=e mig$# ne#
    su((r# i#s 2eig$#6 He resl+,
    #$e (r/lem /% $a+ing $is
    $ea+ies# (a=$%"erm $is#e" #
    #$e (alai r, 2i#$ a s(e=iall%
    =ns#ru=#e" =rane6 @$en #$e r,
    ,aile" i =lla(se un"er #$e
    animal's 2eig$#1 #$e Ma$araBa
    annun=e" =rre=#l%1 i# 2ul"
    #urn u# D #$a# i# 2ul" su((r#
    $is ne2 =$an"eli#
    T$e =ming , #$e m#r =ar
    ine+i#a/l% =n,ine" #$e r%al el
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    ($an#s # =eremnial1 ra#$er #$an
    ,un=#inal #as.s6 T$e ,irs# au#
    m/ile im(r#e" in# In"ia in
    3:751 a !ren=$Dma"e De DiV
    Bu#n1 2as "es#ine" ,r #$e
    garage , #$e Ma$araBa , Pa#ia
    I#s (ri"e , (la=e 2as re=r"e"
    ,r (s#eri#% /% #$e num/er n
    li=en=e (la#e D 'O'6 T$e NiQam ,
    H%"era/a" a='uire" $is
    au; m/iles 2i#$ a #e=$ni'ue
    2r#$% , $is legen"ar%
    re(u#a#in 3 e=nm%6 @$ene+er
    $is r%al e%es ,ell n an
    in#eres#ing =ar insi #$e 2alls ,
    $is =a(i#al1 $e sen# 2r" # i#s
    2ner #$a# His ECali Hig$ness
    2ul" /e (lease" # re=ei+e i# as
    a gi,#6 B% 37A81 #$e NiQai garage
    +er,l2e" 2i#$ $un"re"s ,
    =ars $e ne+er use"6
    Ine+i#a/l%1 #$e ,a+ure"
    au#m#i+e (la%#$ing , In"ia's
    (rin 2as #$e RllsDR%=e6 T$e%
    im(r#e" #$em in all ,rms an"
    siQ limusines1 =u(es1 s#a#in
    2agns an" e+en #ru=.s6 T$e
    Ma$ar , Pa#iala's #in% Din 2as
    e+en#uall% "2ar,e" in $is
    garages /% 6ue=$ani=al
    ele($an#s1 #2en#%Dse+en
    enrmus Rlls6 T$e ms# eCV
    Rlls in In"ia 2as a sil+erD(la#e"
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    Ma$araBa , B$ara#(ur6 Rumur
    $a" i# #$a# m%s#erius1 seCu
    s#imula#ing 2a+es emana#e"
    ,rm i#s sil+er ,rame an" #$e
    ms# gra=ius ges#ure #$e
    Ma$araBa =ul" a==m(lis$ 2as
    # lan i# # a (rin=el% =lleague
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    als r"ere" a Rlls "ne u( as a
    s$#ing /ra.e ,r $is $un#s6
    One "a% in 37531 $e #. #$e
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    AD&1 Lr" Luis Mun#/a##en1
    u# in i# a,#er /la=. /u=.6 FT$e
    =ar1' #$e ,u#ure -i=er% , In"ia
    n#e" in $is "iar% #$a# nig$#1
    '2en# +er 2il"1 (en =un#r%1
    smas$ing #$rug$ $les an" +er
    /ul"ers1 $ea+ing an" r=.ing
    li.e a /a# a# sea6'
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    Lan=as#er s#%le" # #$e /iQarre
    "esign , #$e Ma$araBa , Al2ar6
    I# 2as gl"D(la#e" insi"e an"
    u#6 T$e =$au,,eur1>
    mani(ula#ing a s#eering 2$eel in
    s=ul(#ure" i+r%1 re(se" n
    gl"D/r=a"e" =us$in6 Be$in"
    $im1 #$e /"% , #$e =ar 2as a
    (er,e=#l% re(r"u=e" re(li=a ,
    #$e =rna#in =a=$ , #$e
    .ings , Englan"6 B% sme
    me=$ani=al mira=le i#s engine
    2as s#ill a/le # $url #$a#
    2eig$#% +e$i=le alng #$e ra" a#
    84 m($6
    @i#$ all #$e re+enue1 "u#ies an"
    #aCes amasse" in #$eir s#a#es a#
    #$eir "is(sal1 #$e (rin=es ,
    In"ia 2ere uni'uel% e'ui((e" #
    in"ulge #$eir (ersnal
    e==en#ri=i#ies6
    T$e (assin , #$e Ma$araBa ,
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    )2alir1 2$ rule" +er ne ,
    #$e /es# run s#a#es in In"ia1 2as
    ele=#ri= #rains6 E+en in $is
    2il"es# (reD&$ris#mas ,an#asies1
    a %ung /% =ul" n# =nBure
    u( an ele=#ri= #rain se# # ri+al
    #$e Ma$araBa's6 I# 2as lai" u#
    +er 504 ,ee# , sli" sil+er rails
    se# n a mamm#$ irn #a/le a#
    #$e =en#re , #$e (ala=e /an'ue#
    $all6 S(e=ial #unnels =u# in #$e
    (ala=e 2alls (rlnge" #$e
    #ra=.s in# #$e r%al .i#=$en6 T$e
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    arun" #$e #a/le an" #$e ruler sa#
    a# i#s $ea"1 (resi"ing +er a
    mamma#$ =n#rl (anel #$a#
    /ris#le" 2i#$ le+ers1 a==elera#rs1
    s2i#=$es an" alarm signals6
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    (ass #$e +ege#a/les1 sen" #$e
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    /an'ue# $all1 r r"er an eC(ress
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    $el(ing ,r a $ungr% gues#6 He
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    (la#eb R B I Y, ' Oi06
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    -i=er%1 #$e (rin=e's =n#rl
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    ras# /ee, an" a (uree , (eas
    +er #$e Ma$aiaBa's gues#s6 I#
    2as a =a#as#r($e 2i#$u#
    (arallel in #$e annals , #$e
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    Dgs 2ere #$e (e=uliar (assin
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    =eremn% s gran"ise #$a# $e
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    "igni#ar% in In"ia1 in=lu"ing
    -i=er%1 # a##en"6 T /is
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    ele($an#s in ,ull reg A,#er #$e
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    la+is$ /an'ue# in =anine =u(le's
    $nur /e,re #$e% 2ere le" ,,
    # #$eir /eau#il a((in#e" /ri"al
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    sui#e6 T$se (r=ee"ings =s# #$e
    Na2a/ O941 a sum 2$i=$ =ul"
    $a+e ,inan=e" #$e /asi= $uman
    nee"s , 3514& $is 9541444
    im(+eris$e" su/Be=#s ,r an
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    an" (ulen=e1 al#$ug$ n# nV
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    ele($an#s /isns .ille" /% #$ree
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    2in"2s1 ea=$ se# in i#s $an"D
    =ar+e" mar/le ,rH =+ere" ne
    ,a=a"e , Jai(ur's mar/le Pala=e
    , #$e @in"6 U"ai_ 2$i#e mar/le
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    an#i= (r=laime" !ren=$ #$e
    language , $is =ur#1 an" "lle"
    u( #ur/ane" Si.$ re#ainers in #$e
    (2"ere" 2igs1 sil. 2ais#=
    .ni=.ers an" sil+erD/u=.le"
    sli((ers , #$e Sun *ing's
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    (ala=es 2ere #$e ms# ela/ra#e
    luCurius /Be=#s e+er "esigne"
    as re=e(#a=les ,r $uman (s#er
    3?:
    !REEDOM AT6 MIDNI)HT
    M%sre's 2as ma"e ,rm a #n
    , sli" gl"1 rea=$e" /% nine
    s#e(s e'uall% in gl"
    re(resen#ing #$e nine s#e(s , #$e
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    2$i=$ i# re(se" 2ere 2$i#e
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    #$rne 2e" i#s ins(ira#in #
    an#$er i"ea (r+i"e" /% #$e Sun
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
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    /r=a"e , i#s =us$in 2as a $le
    (r+i"ing "ire=# a==ess # a
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    a((r(ria#el% (rin=el% rum/le1
    #$e ruler 2as #$us a/le # relie+e
    $is r%al (ersn 2i#$u#
    in#erru(#ing #$e ,l2 , #$e
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    2$ in$a/i#e" #$se (ala=es6 T
    ,ill i#1 #$e% "e+#e" #$emsel+es
    # #2 (as#imes1 seC an" s(r#6
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    in#egral (ar# , a real ruler's
    (ala=e1 #$e (rin=e's (ri+a#e
    (reser+e .e(# regularl% s#=.e"
    2i#$ "an=ing girls an"
    =n=u/ines6
    Usuall%1 #$e Bungles , $is s#a#e
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    (reser+eT #$eir ,auna1 an" a/+e
    all1 #$eir #igers1 , 2$i=$ 541444
    s#ill eCis#e" in In"ia in 37A81 #$e
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    2i#$ 2$a# amun#e" # 2all #
    2all =ar(e#ing6 His #erri#r% als
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    /e#2een #2 2ars1 Sir
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    $ar/ure" 044 , #$e 2rl"'s
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    B$u(in"er Sing$ "emns#ral
    remar.a/l% re,ine" a(#i#u"e ,r
    an e'uall% 2r#$% (rin=el% (as
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    During #$e #rri" PunBa/
    summers1 #$e $arem m+e" u#
    , ; in #$e e+ening #
    B$u(in"er's (l6 T$e (rin=e
    s#a#ine" a , /areD/reas#e" girls
    li.e n%m($s a# in#er+als arun"
    i#s &$un.s , i=e ///ing in #$e
    (l's 2a#er ga+e #$e $# air a
    "eli =$ill 2$ile #$e Ma$araBa
    ,la#e" i"l% a/u#1 =ming #
    (r# #ime # #ime # =aress a
    /reas# r si( a 2$is.%6 T$e 2alls
    an" =e , B$u(in"er's (ri+a#e
    'uar#ers 2ere =+ere" 2i#$
    re(resen#i , #$e er#i= #em(le
    s=ul(#ures ,r 2$i=$ In"ia is
    Bus#l% ,ame =a#algue ,
    =(ula#i+e (ssi/ili#ies #
    eC$aus# #$e ms# in+i min" an"
    a#$le#i= /"%6 A 2i"e sil.
    $amm=. slung in ne = , #$e
    rm all2e" B$u(in"er Sing$1
    in a sense1 # sus(en la2s ,
    gra+i#% 2$ile a##em(#ing #
    (er,rm in #$a# s#a#e sme mre
    =m(leC maneu+res sugges#e"
    /% $is =eiling6
    T sa#is,% $is insa#ia/le $a/i#s1
    #$e imagina#i+e Ma$araBT /ar.e"
    n a (rgramme 2$i=$ 2ul"
    all2 $im # rem"i =$arms ,
    $is =n=u/ines as $is 2n #as#e
    =$ange"6 Sir B$u# (ene" $is
    $arem "rs # a (ara"e ,
    (er,umers1 Be2ellers1 "ressers1
    /eau#i=ians an" "ressma.ers6 He
    e+en .e(# a #ea !ren=$1 Bri#is$
    an" In"ian (las#i= surgens n
    s#an"/% # al# ($%signmies ,
    $is ,a+uri#es a==r"ing # $is
    ,lu=#ua#ing #as #$e "i=#a#es , #$e
    Ln"n ,as$in magaQines6
    !ur#$er # s#ir $is (rin=el%
    ar"urs1 $e =n+er#e" ne 2ing
    , #$e $arem i la/ra#r% 2$se
    #es# #u/es an" +ials (r"u=e" an1
    eC#i= /. s=en#s1 =sme#i=s1
    l#ins an" ($il#resS6 JS,= ' Y, ;O<
    JO
    All #$se (i'uan# re,inemen#s
    ul#ima#el% nl% ser+e" # sere
    ,a#al 2ea.ness in #$e Ma$araBa's
    rien#al (leasure "me6 @$a#
    e+en a Si.$ as $an"smel%
    en"2e" /% na#ure as Sir B$uB
    2as1 =ul" sa#is,% #$e ?04 $ig$l%
    #raine" an" m#i+a#e" la"ies ing
    /e$in" #$e $arem's grilles?
    Re=urse # a($r"isia=s 2as i
    a/le6 His In"ian "=#rs 2r.e"
    u( a num/er , sa+ur% ==#ins
    /ase" n gl"1 (earls1 s(i=es1
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    sil+er1 $er/s an" irn6
    2$ile1 #$eir ms# e,,i=a=ius
    (#in 2as /ase" n a miC#ure ,
    s$re""e" =arr#s an" #$e =rus$e"
    /rains , a s(arr26
    @$en i#s /ene,i#s /egan # 2ane1
    Sir B$u(in"er =alle" in a gru(
    , !ren=$ #e=$ni=ians 2$m $e
    na#urall% assume" 2ul" enB%
    s(e=ial eC(er#ise in #$e ma##er6
    Alas1 e+en #$e e,,e=#s , #$eir
    #rea#men# /ase" n ra"ium
    (r+e" e($emeral /e=ause #$e%1
    li.e #$eir (re"e=essrs1 $a" n
    =ure ,r #$e real illness ,rm
    2$i=$ #$e Ma$araBa su,,ere"6 I#
    2as n# la=. , +irili#% #$a#
    a,,li=#e" #$e Ba"e" an" sa#e"
    (rin=e6 His 2as a mala"% #$a#
    (lague" n# a ,e2 , $is
    sur,ei#e" ,ell2 rulers6 I# 2as
    /re"m6 He "ie" , i#6
    Ine+i#a/l%1 in )"D/sesse"
    In"ia1 legen" an" ,l.lre
    as=ri/e" "i+ine "es=en# # sme
    (rin=es6 T$e Ma$araBas ,
    M%sre #ra=e" #$eir an=es#r% #
    #$e mn6 On=e a %ear1 a# #$e
    au#umnal e'uinC1 #$e Ma$araBa
    /e=ame in #$e e%es , $is (e(le
    a li+ing )"6 !r nine "a%s li.e
    a sa"$u in a Himala%an =a+e1 $e
    se=lu"e" $imsel, in a "ar.ene"
    rm , $is (ala=e6 He "i"n'#
    s$a+e r 2as$6 N $uman $an"
    2as all2e" # #u=$ $im1 n
    e%e # glim(se $im "uring #$se
    "a%s 2$en $is /"% 2as
    su((se"l% in$a/i#e" /% a )"6
    T$e nin#$ "a% $e emerge"6 An
    ele($an# "ra(e" in gl"
    #a(es#ries1 i#s ,re$ea" =+ere"
    2i#$ an emeral"Ds#u""e" s$iel"1
    2ai#e" a# #$e (ala=e ga#e # /ear
    $im ami"s# an es=r# , lan=ers
    n =amel an" $rse/a=. # an
    unD)"Dli.e "es#ina#in1 #$e
    M%sre ra=e #ra=.6 T$ere1 /e,re
    #$e mul#i#u"es , $is su/Be=#s
    Bamme" in# #$e s#an"s1 Bra$min
    (ries#s =$an#ing man#ras /a#$e"1
    s$a+e" an" ,e" $im6 As #$e
    sunse# an" "ar.ness s$ru"e"
    #$e #ra=.1 a Be# /la=. $rse 2as
    /rug$# # #$e (rin=e6 A# #$e
    ins#an# $e mun#e" i#1 #$usan"s
    , #r=$es arun" #$e (erime#er
    , #$e #ra=. 2ere li#6 In #$eir
    ,li=.ering rsea#e glare1 #$e
    (rin=e gall(e" arun" #$e #ra=.
    n $is /la=. $rse # #$e
    a((lause , $is su/Be=#s1 ms# ,
    #$em gra#e,ul /e=ause #$e Sn ,
    #$e Mn 2as /a=. amngs# $is
    (e(le1 sme mre mun"anel%
    #$an.,ul ,r #$e (i=#ures'ue
    (agean# #$eir ruler $a" ,,ere"
    #$em6
    T$e Ma$araBas , U"ai(ur #ra=e"
    #$eir "es=en# ,rm an e+en mre
    im(ressi+e =eles#ial /"%1 #$e
    sun6 T$eirs 2as #$e ms# an=ien#
    #$rne in In"ia1 a rule #$a# $a"
    run unin#erru(#e" ,r a# leas#
    5444 %ears6 On=e a %ear
    U"ai(ur1 #1 /e=ame a .in" ,
    li+ing )"6 Ere=# in #$e (r2 ,
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    a galle% resem/ling &le(a#ra's
    /arge1 $e 2as /rne /a=. a=rss
    #$e =r="ileDin,es#e" 2a#ers ,
    #$e la.e surrun"ing $is (ala=e
    ,r a s%m/li= reDins#alla#in in
    i#s (remises6 On #$e "e=. /e$in"
    $im #$e n/les , $is =ur# in
    lng 2$i#e muslin r/es s#"
    range" in gra#e,ul +enera#in6
    Less gran"ise in #$eir
    (re#en#ins1 /u# n less (ius
    2ere #$e rulers , Benares1 #$e
    sa=re" =i#% n #$e /an.s , #$e
    )anges6 B% #ra"i#in #$e e%es ,
    #$e Ma$araBa , #$se /lesse"
    (re=in=#s $a (en ea=$ "a% n a
    sle an" uni'ue +isin1 #$e
    Hin"u s%m/V =smi= e#erni#%1 a
    Sa=re" &26 Ea=$ "a2n a =2
    2as le" # #$e "2 , #$e
    (rin=el% /e"=$am/er an" Ba//e"
    in #$e ri/s s #$a# ming 2ul"
    s#ir #$e (ius Ma$araBa ,rm $is
    slum/er6 & "uring a +isi# # $is
    =lleague #$e Na2a/ , Ram(ur1
    ,ul,illing mrning ri#ual (se" a
    gra+e (r/lem /e=ause #$e
    Ma$ai 'uar#ers 2ere l=a#e" n
    #$e se=n" ,lr , $is $s#'s
    (ala=e6 Na2a/ ,inall% resr#e" #
    an ingenius #a=#i= # main#ain
    #$i #egri#% , $is gues#'s "a2ns6
    He /ug$# a =rane 2$i=$ ea=$
    m# $is#e" a =2 in a sling u(
    # #$e Ma$araBa's /e"rm 2in
    Terri,ie" /% $er unna#ural
    +%age1 #$e (r animal emi##e"
    a s , ms s (ier=ing #$a# #$e%
    n# nl% 2.e u( #$e (ius
    Ma$a /u# ms# , #$e res# , #$e
    (ala=e as 2ell6
    Pius r a#$eis#1 Hin"u r
    Mslem1 ri=$ r (r1 "e=a"en#
    r sai #$e ma$araBas $a" /een ,r
    alms# #2 =en#uries #$e sures#
    (ills Bri#is$ rule in In"ia6 I# 2as
    in #$eir rela#ins 2i#$ #$e s#a#es
    #$a Bri#is$ $a" a((lie" #
    grea#es# e,,e=# #$e 'Di+i"e an"
    Rule' "= 2i#$ 2$i=$ #$e% 2ere
    a==use" , g+erning In"ia6 In
    #$er% Bri#is$ =ul" rem+e a
    ruler ,rm $is #$rne ,r misrule6
    In ,a ruler =ul" ge# a2a% 2i#$
    alms# an% .in" , u#rageus
    /ern+ "2n # an" in=lu"ing a
    ,e2 "is=ree# mur"ers 2i#$u# #$e
    Bi "is#ur/ing $im D (r+i"e" $is
    l%al#% $a" remaine" in#a=#6 T$
    e+i#a/le resul# 2as a series ,
    gra#e,ul an" generall% rea=#i=
    (rin=el% en=la+es s#u""e" li.e
    an=$rs agains# a re+lu#inar%
    #$rug$u# #$se (ar#s , In"ia
    rule" "ire=#l% /% #$e Bri#is$6
    T$e (rin=es' l%al#% #. mre
    #angi/le ,rms as 2ell6 Ma$araBa
    , J"$(ur's Lan=ers le" #$e
    =$arge #$a# #. 3 ,rm #$e
    Tur.s in Allen/%'s Pales#ine
    =am(aign n 5? Se(#e 37386>
    Bi.aner's &amel &r(s ,ug$# a#
    Bri#ain's si"e in #2 2, &$ina1
    Pales#ine1 Eg%(#1 !ran=e an"
    un"er Luis Mun#/ai r"ers in
    Burma6 )2alir sen# #$e
    /eleaguere" Bri#is$ #$ree /a#,a
    , in,an#r% an" a $s(i#al s$i( in
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    37386 All #$se ,r=es 2ere n
    e'ui((e"1 (ai" ,r an"
    main#aine" /% #$e rulers
    #$emsel+es1 n= g+ernmen# ,
    In"ia6 T$e Ma$araBa , Jai(ur1 a
    maBr ii Li,eguar"s1 le" $is !irs#
    Jai(ur In,an#r% u( #$e sl(es , I
    > In a mre (ea=e,ul s($ere1 #$e
    same Ma$araBa $a" in#r"u=e"
    -> s=ie#% # #$e #a(ere" ri"ing
    /ree=$es 'B"$(urs' ,a+ure" in
    $is s#a#e Lueen -i=#ria's
    Diamn" Ju/ilee =ele/ra#ins in
    Ln"n6 On arri+ing I ,es#i+i#ies1
    #$e un,r#una#e (rin=e
    "is=+ere" #$a# #$e s$i( =arr%ing
    $is li $a" gne "2n a# sea6 T
    sa+e #$e si#ua#in $e 2as ,r=e"
    # "i+ulge # a L #ailr #$e se=re#
    , $2 $is ,a+uri#e #rusers
    2ere ma"e6
    Mn#e &assin in 37A?6 T$e
    Ma$araBa , Bun"i 2n #$e
    Mili#ar% &rss in a=#in 2i#$ $is
    /a##alin in Burma6
    T$e gra#e,ul Bri#is$
    a=.n2le"ge" #$eir "e/# # #$eir
    ,ai#$,ul an" generus +assals /%
    s$2ering #$em 2i#$ $nurs
    an" #$e /au/les #$e% l+e" /es#
    , all1 Be2elDs#u""e"
    "e=ra#ins6 )2alir1 &=$
    Bi$ar an" Pa#iala 2ere a==r"e"
    #$e $nur , ri"ing as $nrar%
    AD&s /esi"e #$e r%al =arriage
    , E"2ar" -II a# $is =rna#in6
    OC,r" an" &am/ri"ge
    =n,erre" #$eir "egrees1
    $nrar% an" earne"1 n #$e
    rulers an" #$eir (rgen%6 T$e
    /eBe2elle" =$es#s , #$e =r2n's
    ms# l%al (rin=es 2ere
    em/ellis$e" /% #$e gli##ering
    s#ars , #$e Or"er , #$e S#ar ,
    In"ia r #$e Or"er , #$e In"ian
    Em(ire6
    I# 2as a/+e all /% #$e su/#le
    gra"a#ins , a (ar#i=ularl%
    ingenius ,rm , a2ar" #$a# #$e
    es#eem , #$e (aramun# (2er
    ,r i#s +assals 2as # /e
    measure"6 T$e num/er , guns
    in #$e salu#e a==r"e" a ruler
    (r+i"e" #$e ,inal an" "e,ini#i+e
    (r, , $is (la=e in #$e (rin=el%
    $ierar=$%6 I# 2as 2i#$in #$e
    -i=er%'s (2er # in=rease #$e
    num/er , guns in a salu#e s as
    # re2ar" a ruler ,r eC=e(#inal
    ser+i=es1 r # re"u=e #$e salu#e
    as a (unis$men#6 SiQe an"
    ((ula#in 2ere n# #$e sle
    ,a=#rs "e#ermining a man's
    salu#e6 !i"eli#% # #$e (aramun#
    (2er an" #$e /l" an"
    #reasure eC(en"e" in i#s "e,en=e
    2ere e'uall% im(r#an#6 !i+e
    rulers D H%"era/a"1 )2alir1
    *as$mir1 M%sre an" Bar"a D
    2ere en#i#le" # #$e su(reme
    a==la"e1 53 guns6 Nine#een1
    se+en#een1 ,i,#een1 #$ir#een
    ele+en an" nine gun s#a#es 2ere
    range" /e$in" #$em6 !r A50
    un,r#una#e raBas an" na2a/s1
    rulers , insigni,i=an# li##le
    (rin=i(ali#ies1 #$ere 2as n
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    salu#e a# all6 T$e% 2ere In"ia's
    ,rg##en rulers1 #$e men ,r
    2$m #$e guns ne+er #lle"6
    T$e In"ia , #$e ma$araBas 2as
    ,#en n#e" ,r su/s#an#ial
    a=$ie+emen#s as 2ell6 @$ere #$e
    rulers 2ere enlig$#ene" men1
    ,#en @es#ernDe"u=a#e"1 #$e
    s#a#e's su/Be=#s enB%e" /ene,i#s
    an" (ri+ileges un.n2n in #$se
    areas a"minis#ere" "ire=#l% /%
    #$e Bri#is$6 Bar"a $a" /anne"
    (l%gam% an" ma"e e"u=a#in
    ,ree an" uni+ersal /e,re #$e #urn
    , #$e =en#ur%6 He $a"
    =am(aigne" ,r #$e
    Un#u=$a/les 2i#$ a Qeal less
    2ell .n2n1 /u# n less sin=ere
    #$an )an"$i's6 He =rea#e"
    ins#i#u#ins # $use an" e"u=a#e
    #$em an" (ersnall% ,inan=e" #$e
    e"u=a#in , #$e man 2$
    /e=ame #$eir lea"er1 Dr B$imra
    Am/e".ar1 a# &lum/ia
    Uni+ersi#% in Ne2 Yr.6 Bi.aner
    $a" #urne" (ar#s , $is RaBas#$an
    "eser# .ing"m in# a (ara"ise
    , ar#i,i=ial la.es an" gar"ens ,r
    $is su/Be=#s' use6 B$(al ,,ere"
    2men an e'uali#% , s#a#us an"
    (si#in une'ualle" in In"ia6
    M%sre $ar/ure" Asia's /es#
    s=ien=e ,a=ul#% an" a =$ain ,
    $%"rele=#ri= "ams an"
    in"us#ries6 T$e "es=en"an# ,
    ne , $is#r%'s grea#es#
    as#rnmers1 a man 2$ $a"
    #ransla#e" Eu=li"'s Prim ,
    )eme#r% in# Sans.ri#1 #$e
    Ma$araBa , Jai(ur1 main#aim $is
    =a(i#al ne , #$e 2rl"'s
    u#s#an"ing /ser+a#ries6 @i#_
    Se=n" @rl" @ar1 a ne2
    genera#in , rulers $a" /egun #
    as #$e #$rnes1 men usuall% less
    ,lam/%an#1 less sel,Din"ulgen#
    #$eir ,a#$ers1 mre =ns=ius ,
    #$e nee" ,r =$ange an" #$e re,
    a#in , #$eir s#a#es6 One , #$e
    ,irs# a=#s , #$e eig$#$ Ma$ari
    Pa#iala 2as # =lse #$e $arem ,
    $is ,a#$er Sir B$u(in"er Sing
    Magni,i=en#6 T$e Ma$araBa ,
    )2alir marrie" a =mmne
    /rillian# "aug$#er , a =i+il
    ser+an#1 an" m+e" u# , $is ,a
    +as# (ala=e6 Un$a((il% ,r #$se
    men an" man% #$ers li.e #$en
    rule" #$eir s#a#es res(nsi/l% an"
    a/l%1 #$e (u/li= 2ul" a
    ass=ia#e #$e ma$araBas , In"ia
    2i#$ #$e eC=ess an" =C#ra+aa , a
    $an",ul amng #$em6
    !r #2 , In"ia's s#a#es1 ,r #2
    (rin=es enB%ing #$e su_ $nur
    , 53 guns1 #$e ini#ia#i+e
    un"er#a.en in Ln"n I &nra"
    &r,iel" $a" (r,un"
    signi,i=an=e6 B#$ s#a#es
    enrmus6 B#$ 2ere
    lan"l=.e"6 B#$ $a" rulers
    2$se re "i,,ere" ,rm #$a# ,
    #$e +as# maBri#% , #$eir
    su/Be=#s6 B#$ =aresse" #$e same
    "reamH # =n+er# #$eir s#a#es
    in# 2$ll% (en"en#1 s+ereign
    na#ins6
    O, all #$e /iQarre an" eC#i=
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    rulers in In"ia1 Rus#umDiDDT
    Aras#uDeDRaman1 @al Mamali.1
    Asi, Ja$1 Na2a/ Mir & Ali.$an
    Ba$a"ur1 MuQa,, arDulDMul.
    NiQamDalDMu"1 Si(a$ i !a#e$
    Jang1 His ECal#e" Hig$ness1
    Ms# !ai#$,ul All% , #$e _
    &r2n1 #$e se+en#$ NiQam ,
    H%"era/a" 2as surel% #$e
    /iQarre6 A "e+u# an" learne"
    Mslem1 $e an" an Islami= =as#e
    (resi"e" +er #$e larges# an"
    ms# ((ulus s#a#e in InV en#i#%
    , 54 millin Hin"us an" nl% ?
    millin Mslems se# $ear# , #$e
    su/D=n#inen#6 He 2as a ,rail1
    li##le1 l" man , ,r #$ree
    2eig$ing /arel% 74 (un"s6
    Years , "e+#e" =$e2ing nu#
    $a" re"u=e" $is #ee#$ # a line ,
    r##ing re""is$D/r2n He li+e"
    in =ns#an# "rea" , /eing
    (isne" /% sme Bealus = an"
    2as ,ll2e" e+er%2$ere /% a
    ," #as#er 2$m $e /i s$are
    $is un+ar%ing "ie# , =ream1
    s2ee#s1 ,rui#s1 /e#el nu#s nig$#l%
    /2l , (ium6 T$e NiQam 2as
    #$e nl% ruler in In"ia e # #$e
    a((ella#in 'ECal#e" Hig$ness'1 a
    "is#in=#in =n,er $im /% a
    gra#e,ul Bri#ain in re=gni#in ,
    $is O50 m6 =n#r # #$eir 2arD
    =$es# in @rl" @ar I6
    In 37A81 #$e NiQam 2as re(u#e"
    # /e #$e ri=$es# man in #$i an"
    #$e legen"s , $is 2eal#$ 2ere
    sur(asse" nl% /% #$e leg #$e
    a+ari=e 2i#$ 2$i=$ $e sug$# #
    $l" i# in#a=#6 He "re
    rum(le" =##n (%Bamas an" illD
    ,rme" gre% sli((ers /ug$# in
    #$e l=al mar.e# (la=e ,r a ,e2
    ru(ees6 !r ?0 %ears $e'" 2rn
    #$e same sile"1 "an"ru,,D
    en=rus#e" ,eQ6 Al#$ug$ $e
    2ne" a gl" ser+i=e ,r 344
    (la=es1 $e a#e ,, a #in (la#e1
    s'ua##ing n a ma# in $is
    /e"rm6 S s#ing% 2as $e1 $e
    sm.e" #$e =igare##e s#u/s le,#
    /e$in" /% $is gues#s6 @$en a
    s#a#e ==asin ,r=e" $im # (u#
    =$am(agne n #$e (rin=el% #a/le1
    $e sa2 # i# #$e single /##le $e
    relu=#an#l% se# u# ne+er g#
    mre #$an #$ree r ,ur (la=es
    ,rm $im6 In 37AA 2$en @a+ell
    2as arri+ing ,r a +i=eregal +isi#1
    #$e NiQam =a/le" Del$i
    en'uiring 2$e#$er1 in +ie2 , i#s
    $ig$ 2ar#ime =s#1 #$e -i=er%
    reall% insis#e" n /eing ser+e"
    =$am(agne6 On=e a 2ee.1 a,#er
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    a re#ainer a((eare" 2i#$ a #ra%
    =n#aining a =u( , #ea1 a /is=ui#
    an" a =igare##e ,r #$e NiQam
    an" $is gues#6 One Sun"a%1 #$e
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    2i#$ a (ar#i=ularl% "is#inguis$e"
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    #$e +isi#r a se=n" #ra% n
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    #ea1 ne /is=ui# an" ne
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    =igare##e6
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    n=e a %ear ,r #$e n/les #
    ma.e #$eir (rin=e a s%m/li=
    ,,ering , a gl" (ie=e 2$i=$
    #$e ruler #u=$e"1 #$en re#urne"
    # i#s 2ner6 In H%"era/a"1 #$ere
    2as n#$ing s%m/li= a/u# #$e
    ,,ering6 T$e NiQam gra//e"
    ea=$ gl" (ie=e an" "r((e" i#
    in# a (a(er /ag /esi"e $is
    #$rne6 On ne ==asin 2$en
    ne ,ell1 $e 2as n $is $an"s an"
    .nees li.e a s$#1 ra=ing i#s
    2ner alng #$e ,lr # #$e
    rlling =in6
    In"ee"1 s miserl% 2as #$e
    NiQam #$a# 2$en $is "=#r
    arri+e" ,rm Bm/a% # gi+e
    $im an ele=#rD=ar"igram1 $e
    =ul"n'# ma.e $is ma=$ine 2r.6
    T$e "=#r ,inall% "is=+ere"
    2$%6 In r"er # sa+e n $is
    ele=#ri=i#% /ill1 #$e NiQam $a"
    =u# /a=. #$e (ala=e's =urren#H n
    ma=$ine =ul" ,un=#in (r(erl%
    n i#6
    T$e NiQam's /e"rm l.e"
    li.e a slum $u#1 i#s ,urnis$ings
    =nsis#ing , a /a##ere" /e" an"
    #a/le1 #$ree .i#=$en =$airs1
    +er,l2ing as$#ra%s an" 2as#eD
    (a(er /as.e#s em(#ie" n=e a
    %ear n #$e NiQam's /ir#$"a%6
    His ,,i=e 2as li##ere" 2i#$
    s#a=.s , "us#% s#a#e ar=$i+es1 i#s
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    Ye#1 #u=.e" in# #$e =rners ,
    #$a# (ala=e 2as a ,r#une /e%n"
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    ne2s(a(er1 2as #$e Ja=/
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    limeH 5:4 s(ar.ling1 (re=ius
    =ara#s6 T$e NiQam use" i# as a
    (a(erD2eig$#6 In #$e +ergr2n
    gar"en 2as a =n+% , "Qens
    , #ru=.s mire" in mu" u( #
    #$eir aCles ,rm #$e 2eig$# ,
    #$eir la"s1 sli" gl" ing#s6
    T$e NiQam's Be2els1 a =lle=#in
    s enrmus i# 2as sai" #$e
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    in"is=rimina#e $ea(s6 He 3 2ell
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    nega#i+e in#eres# ,rm #$e Ba2
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    an" #$e su((r# , $is (e(le6
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    ((ula#in "e#es#e" #$e MT
    minri#% 2$i=$ rule" #$em6
    Nne#$eless1 #$ere 2as n 'ues
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    a/u# #$e ,u#ure #$a# #$e miserl%1
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    ,r $imsel,6
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    &r,iel" $a" in,rme" $im ,
    Bri#ain's "e=isin # lea+e In"iT
    June 37A:1 'I s$all /e ,ree6'
    A similar am/i#in /urne" in #$e
    /reas# , an#$er (2er,ul (i a#
    #$e #$er en" , In"ia6 Reigning
    +er #$e en=$an#e" +alle%
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    /eau#i,ul si#es1 #$e -ale , *asl
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    *as$mir 2as a Hin"u , a $ig$
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    su/Be=#s 2ere +er2$elmingl%
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    in"e(en"en=e a mena=ing
    em($asis6


    A Da% &urse" /% #$e S#ars
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    ,l2n # Ln"n in res(nse # a
    re'ues# ,rm A##lee ,r a
    (ersnal eC(lana#in , 2$a# $a"
    gne 2rng in Simla6 Lr"
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    2arne" $im a# #$e air(r# #$a#
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    $is /rie,=ase #$e ne2 "ra,# , $is
    (lan (re(are" /% -6 P6 Menn
    a,#er Ne$ru $a" +igrusl%
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    =n,i"en# i# $el" #$e .e% # #$e
    In"ian "ilemma6 Be,re lea+ing
    Simla $e'" re=ei+e" Ne$ru's
    assuran=e #$a# &ngress 2ul"
    a==e(# i#6 Mun#/a##en "i" n#
    (r(se '# " an% eC(laining
    a2a%'6 He in#en"e"1 ins#ea"1 #
    su/s#i#u#e #$is (lan ,r #$e l"
    ne an" #ell A##lee an" $is
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    g# u# , $is =ar an" 2al.e"
    (as# #$e (((ing ,las$D/ul/s in#
    #$e /uil"ing in 2$i=$1 Bus# siC
    mn#$s earlier1 $e'" /een gi+en
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    S#a,,r" &ri((s1 an" #$e #$er
    .e% mem/ers , #$e La/ur
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    res#raine"6 Un"aun#e"1
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    2r.6 'I ga+e #$em n a(lg%1'
    $e la#er re=alle"1 'nr an%
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    &mmn2eal#$6 Jinna$ $a"
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    A DAY &URSED B- THE
    STARS
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    se=ure #$e lan , #$e ,,i=ers
    2ul" nee" # =m(le#e #$e
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    &ngress La"er .ne2
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    Mun#/a##en 2as in a $urr_ see
    (2er #rans,erre" # In"ian
    $an"s6 S 2as $e6 Pa#el suggei
    Mun#/a##en em(l% a #imeD
    sa+ing "e+i=e ,r #$e a=#ual #ran
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    "minins li.e &ana"a insi"e
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    June 37A:1 #$en a gra#e,ul &
    gress 2ul" n# se+er #$e
    &mmn2eal#$ #ies #$a#
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    P2er 2$i=$ $e =ul" asT #$em
    2as a==e(#a/le # #$e In"ians6 I#
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    &$ur=$ill1 #$e %ung1
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    Mun#/a##en's m#$er $a" n=e
    2arne" $im lig$#D$ear#e"l% #$a#
    #$e man 2$ 2ul" ne "a% /e
    #$e s%m/l , Eur(ean
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    maBr 2ar#ime =mman" a#
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    /e#2een #$e #2 men6
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    se &$ur=$ill1 '$l"s #$e .e% in
    Englan"6 Nei#$er I nr an% , m
    g+ernmen# =ul" (ssi/l%
    (ersua"e $im1 /u# $e's ,n" ,
    %u6 H #rus#s %u6 Yu $a+e a
    =$an=e6'
    T$eir mee#ing /egan n a
    "i,,i=ul# n#e6 &$ur=$ill1
    Mun#/a##e .ne21 #$ug$# #$e
    +er% i"ea #$e In"ians s$ul" e+er
    /e all2e" 3 #r% # run
    #$emsel+es 2as ma"ness6 'He
    2as a/slu#el% sin=en
    Mun#/a##en remem/ere"1 'in $is
    /elie, #$a# #$e 2rs# #$ing 2$iV
    =ul" $a((en # In"ia 2ul" /e
    # $a+e i#s e,,i=ien# Bri#is$
    a"mini #ra#in , (r+en
    in#egri#% rem+e" an" re(la=e"
    /% a 2$le l# 'ineC(erien=e"1
    #$ere#i=al an" (r/a/l% =rru(#
    In"ians'6
    As $e re+ie2e" $is e,,r#s in
    In"ia1 Mun#/a##en .e(# $is e%es
    ; #$e grea# /al" $ea" glaring a#
    $im ,rm #$e /e"6 !r $al, a
    =en#ui &$ur=$ill $a" sai" 'n' #
    e+er% m+e # /ring In"ia alng
    #$e rV # in"e(en"en=e6 One
    las# &$ur=$illian 'n' n2 2ul"
    /e a "e+as#T ing /l2 # all
    Mun#/a##en's $(es6 @i#$ #$e
    Tr% maBri#% in # Huse ,
    Lr"s1 &$ur=$ill $a" #$e (2er
    # "ela% (assage , In"ii
    in"e(en"en=e /ill ,r #2 ,ull
    %ears6
    T$a#1 #$e am/i#ius %ung
    -i=er% .ne21 '2ul" /e
    a/slu#i ,a#al6' &ngress's
    agreemen# # $is (lan 2as
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    =n"i#inal n "mini s#a#us
    /eing ,,ere" imme"ia#el%6 His
    g+ernmen#1 $is a"minis#i #in1 a
    su/D=n#inen# see#$ing 2i#$
    =mmunal (assins1 =ul" i
    sur+i+e #2 %ears' "ela%6
    E%es $al,D=lse"1 &$ur=$ill
    lis#ene" # Mun#/a##en's argume
    2i#$ #$e ins=ru#a/le air , a
    Bu""$a ls# in #rans=en"en#al
    me"i #in6 N#$ing1 #$e
    (ers(e=#i+e , In"ia's =lla(se1
    =$as1 =i+il V r"er1 a2a.ene"
    $is im(assi+e ,ea#ures6
    Mun#/a##en $a"1 $2e+er16
    /rug$# /a=. ,rm Simla ne ar
    men# #$a# =ul" aruse #$e l"
    lea"er's em#ins6 I# 2as
    &ngreH (rmise # a==e(#
    "minin s#a#us i, i# 2as ,,ere"
    imme"ia#el%1 $e s.il,ull% (ene"
    #$e +is#a , #$e RaB's ms#
    im(la=a/le , agreeing # remain
    2i#$in #$e ran.s , #$e Bri#is$
    &mmn2ea &$ur=$ill's a##i#u"e
    al#ere" (er=e(#i/l%H $is /el+e"
    em(ire mi /e "%ing1 /u# $ere1 a#
    leas#1 2as #$e $(e sme#$ing ,
    i# 2= remain6 T$ere 2ul" /e
    sme#$ing le,# , #$a# l" In"ia
    2$ere 3 /urne" u# $is rman#i=
    %u#$6 Mu=$ mre im(r#an#1
    sme , #$

    Bri#is$ lin.s &$ur=$ill sin=erel%
    /elie+e" in"is(ensa/le # In"ia's
    ,u#ure 2ellD/eing =ul" n2 /e
    main#aine"6
    Sus(i=iusl%1 $e e%e"
    Mun#/a##en6 Di" $e $a+e
    an%#$ing in 2ri#ing? $e as.e"6
    Mun#/a##en sai" $e $a" a le##er
    ,rm Ne$ru1 n2 2i#$ A##lee1
    in"i=a#ing &ngress 2ul"
    a==e(#1 (r+i"ing "minin
    s#a#us 2as =n,erre" 2i#$u#
    "ela%6
    An" 2$a# a/u# $is l" ,e1
    )an"$i?
    )an"$i1 Mun#/a##en a"mi##e"1
    2as un(re"i=#a/le6 He 2as #$e
    ne (#en#iall% gra+e "anger6
    Bu# 2i#$ #$e $el( , Ne$ru an"
    Pa#e_1 $e $(e" $e =ul" =n#ain
    $im in a =risis6
    &$ur=$ill gl2ere" n $is /e"1
    #$in.ing1 $is =igar =lu#=$e"
    /e#2een $is #ee#$6
    !inall%1 $e "e=lare" #$a#1 i,
    Mun#/a##en reall% =ul" "eli+er
    #$e ,rmal1 (u/li= a==e(#an=e ,
    all #$e In"ian (ar#ies # $is (lan1
    #$en1 '#$e 2$(le =un#r%' 2ul"
    /e /e$in" $im6 He an" $is
    &nser+a#i+e Par#% 2ul" Bin
    La/ur in =ramming #$rug$
    Parliamen# #$e $is#ri=
    legisla#in Mun#/a##en nee"e"
    /e,re i#s summer re=ess6 In"ia
    =ul" /e=me in"e(en"en# n# in
    %ears r mn#$s1 /u# in 2ee.s1
    e+en "a%s6
    Ne2 Del$i1 Ma%DJune 37A8
    Dar.1 +el+e# (illars1 #$e sm.e
    , a series , ,uneral (%res =re(#
    in# #$e In"ian s.ies a# (in#s
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    s=a##ere" a=rss #$e su/D
    =n#inen#6 N g$ee r
    san"al2" s#.e" #$se $as#il%
    assem/le" /n,ires6 T$eir
    =ra=.ling ,lames 2ere 2a#=$e"
    +er1 n# /% m=mJraD=$an#ing
    murners1 /u# /% im(assi+e
    =ir=les , Bri#is$ /ureau=ra#s6 I#
    2as (a(er #$se ,lames 2ere
    "e+uring1 ,ur #ns ,
    "=umen#s1 re(r#s an" ,iles6 Li#
    n #$e r"ers , Sir &nra"
    &r,iel"1 #$a# series , /n,ires
    2as =n+er#ing in# as$es #$e
    luri" "e#ails , sme , #$e ms#
    #umul#uus an" (i=#ures'ue
    e(is"es in In"ian $is#r%1 #$e
    =$rni=les , #$e +i=es an"
    s=an"als , ,i+e genera#ins ,
    ma$aDraBas6 Re=r"e" an"
    =a#algue" 2i#$ me#i=ulus =are
    /% su==essi+e re(resen#a#i+es ,
    #$e RaB1 #$se ,iles =ul" $a+e
    /e=me sur=es , /la=.mail in
    #$e $an"s , in"e(en"en# In"ian
    an" Pa.is#an a"minis#ra#ins1 a
    (ur(se n# al#ge#$er
    un,reseen /% #$e Bri#is$
    #$emsel+es 2$en #$e "e=isin
    2as ma"e # a==umula#e #$em6
    N lnger a/le # guaran#ee #$e
    ,u#ure , $is ma$araBas1 &r,iel"
    $a" /een "e#ermine" # (r#e=#1
    a# leas#1 #$eir (as#6 He $a"
    se=ure" #$e A##lee g+ernmen#'s
    agreemen# # #$e "es#ru=#in ,
    #$ese ar=$i+es6 As sn as $e $a"
    re#urne" # Del$i $e r"ere" $is
    Resi"en#s an" (li#i=al agen#s #
    /egin #$e #aming , an% ,iles in
    #$eir (ssessin "ealing 2i#$ #$e
    (ri+a#e li+es , #$eir =$anges6


    #ensi+e =lle=#in ,
    (rngra($i= ($#gra($s in
    In"ia6 T assem/le i#1 #$e ageing
    NiQam $a" "issimula#e" in #$e
    2alls an" =eilings , $is gues#s'
    'uar#ers au#ma#i= =ameras #$a#
    ,ai#$,ull% re=r"e" all #$a# 2en#
    n in #$em6 He $a" e+en
    ins#alle" a =amera /e$in" #$e
    mirrr in $is (ala=e's gues#
    /a#$rm6 T$e =amera's $ar+es#1
    a (r#rai# galler% , #$e grea# an"
    nearDgrea# , In"ia relie+ing
    #$emsel+es n #$e NiQam's #ile#1
    $a" (ri"e , (la=e in $is
    =lle=#in6
    T$e ms# re=en# re(r# in #$e
    NiQam's ,ile "eal# 2i#$ #$e
    Bri#is$ Resi"en#'s e,,r#s #
    ma.e =er#ain #$a# #$e seCual
    (r=li+i#ies , $is sn an" $eir
    2ere #$se /e,i##ing a ,u#ure
    NiQam6 As #a=#,ull% as $e =ul"1
    #$e 2r#$% gen#leman allu"e" #
    =er#ain re(r#s rea=$ing $is ears
    2$i=$ in"i=a#e" #$e %ung
    (rin=e's #as#es "i" n# en=m(ass
    (rin=esses6 T$e NiQam
    siiimmne" $is sn6 T$en $e
    r"ere" in# #$eir (resen=e a
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    (ar#i=ularl% a##ra=#i+e inma#e ,
    $is $arem6 O+er #$e em/arrasse"
    (r#es# , #$e Resi"en#1 $e
    ins#ru=#e" $is sn # gi+e an
    imme"ia#e an" (u/li= re,u#a#in
    , #$e "as#ar"l% insinua#in #$a#
    $e mig$# n# /e in=line" #
    =n#inue #$e ,amil% line6
    O, all #$e s=an"als "isa((earing
    in #$e ,lames , &nra" &rD
    ,iel"'s /n,ires1 nne $a" le,# a
    #ra=e 'ui#e as "is#as#e,ul as #$a#
    , #$e A4D%ear reign , #$e (rin=e
    , a small s#a#e , :441444
    (e(le n #$e e"ges , #$e
    RaBas#$an6 T$e Ma$araBa ,
    Al2ar 2as a man , su=$ =$arm
    an" =ul#ure #$a# $e $a" /een a/le
    # se"u=e a su==essin ,
    -i=er%s in# #lera#ing $is
    a=#i+i#ies6 He $a((ene" #
    /elie+e $e 2as a rein=arna#in ,
    #$e )" Rama6 As a resul# $e
    =ns#an#l% 2re /la=. sil.
    gl+es # (r#e=# $is "i+ine
    ,ingers ,rm #$e =n#amina#ing
    #u=$ , mr#al ,les$1 e+en
    re,using # rem+e #$em #
    s$a.e #$e $an" , #$e *ing ,
    Englan"6 He engage" a num/er
    , Hin"u #$elgians # =al=ula#e
    #$e eCa=# siQe , #$e #ur/an ,
    Rama s #$a# $e =ul" ma.e a
    =(% ,r $imsel,6
    @$a# 2i#$ $is #em(ral rle as a
    (rin=e an" $is =n+i=#in , $is
    "i+ine s#a#us1 Al2ar 2as n# a
    man # res#rain $imsel, in #$e
    eCer=ise , $is (2er6 One , #$e
    /es# s$#s in In"ia1 $e "elig$#e"
    in using =$il"ren as #iger /ai# in
    $is $un#s6 Plu=.ing #$em ,rm
    an% $u# in $is s#ale1 $e assure"
    #$eir $rri,ie" (aren#s $e 2as
    =er#ain # ge# a s$# in# #$e
    /eas# /e,re i# =ul" maul #$eir
    ,,s(ring6 A $mseCual ,
    (ar#i=ularl% (er+erse #as#e1 $e
    ma"e #$e r%al /e" #$e mili#ar%
    a=a"em%1 'uali,%ing %ung men
    ,r en#r% in# #$e ,,i=er =lass ,
    $is arm%6 On=e #$ere1 #$e% 2ere
    eC(e=#e" # (ar#i=i(a#e in $is
    rgies1 a num/er , 2$i=$
    =ulmina#e" in sa"is#i= mur"ers6
    His a/uses , au#$ri#% 2ere
    ,inall% /rug$# # a $ea" /% #2
    in=i"en#s "uring #$e -i=er%al#%
    , Lr" @illing"n6 In+i#e" #
    lun=$ a# -i=er%'s Huse1 Al2ar
    2as sea#e" neC# # La"%
    @illing"n 2$ a"mire"
    e,,usi+el% a large "iamn" ring
    n $is ,inger6 Sli((ing
    A DAY &URSED BY THE
    STARS
    i# ,, $is $an"1 Al2ar (asse" i# #
    #$e -i=ereine ,r $er (ri+a#e
    #em(la#in6
    La"% @illing"n's a"mira#in
    $a" n# /een en#irel% "isin#ere
    Tra"i#in $a" i# #$a# a (rin=e
    2ul" ,,er a -i=er% r
    -i=ereini /Be=# $e r s$e $a"
    a"mire" 2i#$ (ar#i=ular in#eres#6
    La"% @I "n1 2$ $a" n#a/l%
    a"miring e%es 2$en i# =ame #
    (re=ius s# $a" #$us amasse"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    "uring $er s#a% in In"ia a
    =nsi"era/le =lle , Be2eller%6
    S$e sli((e" Al2ar's ring n #
    $er ,inger1 regar" 2i#$ (leasure1
    #$en (asse" i# /a=. # i#s 2ner6
    Al2ar "is=ree#l% as.e" a 2ai#er
    # /ring $im a ,inger /2l6 I i#
    arri+e"1 #$e rein=arna#in ,
    Rama (r=ee"e"1 /e,re #$e 2i"i
    e%es , $is ,ell2 gues#s1
    me#i=ulusl% # 2as$ ,rm $is
    ring U e+er #ra=es #$e -i=ereine's
    ,inger mig$# $a+e le,# u(n i# /
    sli((ing i# /a=. n # $is 2n
    $an"6
    T$e ,inal1 un(ar"na/le =rime ,
    #$e "e(ra+e" (rin=e in #$e , $is
    Bri#is$ /ene,a=#rs #. (la=e n
    a (l ,iel"6 !urius V
    "is/e"ien=e , ne , $is
    (nies "uring a ma#=$1 #$e
    (rin=e $a (r /eas# "ren=$e"
    2i#$ .ersene /e#2een =$u..ers1
    #$en (e all% se# a ma#=$ # i#6
    T$a# ,lagran# (u/li= "is(la% ,
    =ruel animals 2eig$e" mre
    $ea+il% in #$e s=ales , Bus#i=e
    #$an $is (ri+a#e1 /u# e'uall%
    #erminal =ruel#% # a num/er ,
    $is s (ar#ners6 Al2ar 2as
    "e(se" an" (a=.e" ,, in#
    eCile6
    @$ile Al2ar's =ase 2as
    eC=e(#inal1 i# 2as n# #$e nl%
    in=i"i $a+e #ru/le" rela#ins
    /e#2een In"ia's (uri#ani=al
    Bri#is$ rulei #$eir eC#ra+agan#
    +assals6 T$e gra+es# , #$se
    =rises $a" ==asine" /% a
    Ma$araBa , Bar"a6 Dis(lease"
    #$a# #$e I s$ul" $a+e a==r"e"
    #$eir Resi"en# in $is s#a#e1 an
    /s=ure1 i #$e Ma$araBa's e%es
    ra#$er =mmn1 =lnel1 a gun
    salu#e s # $is 2n1 #$e (rin=e
    r"ere" a (air , =annn in sli"
    gl" #i $is salu#e a resnan=e
    mre regal #$an #$e =lnel's6
    T$e Res angere" /% #$e (rin=e's
    ges#ure1 ,r2ar"e" # Ln"n a
    "is# un,a+ura/le re(r# n
    Bar"a's mrals1 a==using $im
    , ensl #$e 2men in $is $arem6
    A"+ise" , 2$a# 2as ging n1
    Bar"a summne" $is
    as#rlgers an" $l% men #
    (r(se a sui#a/le means , ge##i
    , #$e un2an#e" =lnel an" a
    (r(er =nBun=#ure , #$e s#ars
    2$i=$ # " i#6 T$eir
    re=mmen"a#in 2as (isn /%
    "iamn" T$e (rin=e sele=#e" ne
    #$e siQe , an a=rn1 a "imensin
    $el" sui#a/le ,r a man , #$e
    =lnel's ran.1 an" $is
    as#rlgers g i# in# (2"er6
    T$e $ig$l% in"iges#i/le resul#
    2as sli((e" in# #$e =lnel's
    ; ne nig$#1 /u# /e,re i# =ul"
    $a+e #$e "esire" e,,e=#1 #$e (
    (r"u=e" lan"e" #$e =lnel in a
    $s(i#al 2$ere $is s#ma=$ 2as
    (um(e" u#6
    T$e a##em(#e" mur"er , a
    re(resen#a#i+e , #$e &r2n
    /e=ame an a,,air , s#a#e6 T$e
    Ma$araBa's Bu"ges 2ere n#
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    im(resse" /% #$e assuran=es ,
    $is Bra$min (ries#s #$a# #$e% $a"
    "ul% (er,rme" all #$e ri#es
    ne=essar% # assure #$e
    rein=arna#in , #$e =lnel's
    sul1 nr #$se , $is Be2eller
    2$ "e=lare" #$e +alue , #$e
    "iamn" un2illingl% =nsume"
    /% #$e Resi"en# '=rres(n"e"
    eCa=#l% # #$a# , an Englis$
    =lnel'6 T$e Ma$araBa 2as
    "e(se" an" sen# in# eCile ,r
    $is ,ailure (r(erl% # a"minis#er
    a s#a#e "e(en"en# u(n #$e
    Bri#is$ &r2n6
    His eCile 2as a+enge" /% $is
    ,rien" an" ,ell2 ruler1 #$e
    Ma$araBa , Pa#iala6 @$en #$e
    -i=er% 2$'" signe" #$e "e=ree
    , eCile +isi#e" $is s#a#e1 Pa#iala
    r"ere" #$e gunners 2$ 2ul"
    ,ire #$e ?3Dgun salu#e "ue #$e
    re(resen#a#i+e , #$e *ing
    Em(err # s#u,, #$eir =annn
    2i#$ a (2"er ra#in s small
    #$a# #$e en+% , Im(erial
    Englan" 2ul" /e $nure" /%
    an eC(lsin 'n# lu"er #$an a
    =$il"'s ,ire =ra=.er'6
    T$e "es#ru=#in , #$se re=r"s
    2as n# #$e nl% a=#in #$a#
    ,ll2e" &r,iel"'s +isi# #
    Ln"n6 !rm all +er In"ia1
    le##ers /egan # ,l2 in# Ne2
    Del$i ,rm +arius (rin=es
    in,rming #$e =en#ral
    a"minis#ra#in , #$eir in#en#in
    # =an=el #$e agreemen#s 2$i=$
    all2e" In"ian rail2a%s1 (s#s1
    #elegra($ an" #$er ,a=ili#ies #
    ,un=#in in #$eir #erri#ries6 I#
    2as a #a=#i=al ges#ure mean# #
    un"erline #$e (rin=es' /argaining
    (2er in #$e =ming s$2"2n1
    /u# #$e +is#a #$e% (ene" 2as
    a((allingH an In"ia in 2$i=$
    #rains =ul"n'# run1 mail ge#
    "eli+ere" r #ele=mmuni=a#ins
    ,un=#in (r(erl%6
    T$e lus#reless e%es , R/er#
    &li+e gaQe" "2n ,rm #$e grea#
    il (ain#ing a# #$e se+en In"ian
    lea"ers ,iling in# #$e -i=er%'s
    s#u"%6 Re(resen#a#i+es , In"ia's
    A44 millin $uman /eings1 #$se
    millins )an"$i =alle"
    'misera/le s(e=imens ,
    $umani#% 2i#$ lus#reless e%es'1
    #$e% en#ere" Mun#/a##en's s#u"%
    n #$is mrning , 5 June 37A81
    # ins(e=# #$e "ee"s 2$i=$
    2ul" re#urn # #$em #$eir
    =n#inen#6 T$e -i=er% $imsel,
    $a" /rug$# #$em /a=. ,rm
    Ln"n1 ,rmall% a((r+e" /%
    #$e Bri#is$ &a/ine#1 Bus# A: $urs
    /e,re6
    One /% ne1 #$e% #. #$eir
    (la=es a# #$e =ir=ular #a/le in #$e
    =en#re , #$e rmH &ngress1
    re(resen#e" /% Ne$ru1 Pa#el an"
    i#s (resi"en# A=$ar%a *ri(alaniT
    #$e Mslem League1 /% Jinna$1
    Lia'a# Ali *$an an" Ra/
    Nis$#ar6 Bal"e+ Sing$ 2as
    (resen# as s(.esman ,r #$e 9
    millin (e(le 2$ 2ul" /e
    mre "rama#i=all% a,,e=#e" /%
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    #$e 2r"s a/u# # /e s(.en
    #$an an% #$ers in In"ia1 #$e
    Si.$SB1 l0$^
    Agains# #$e 2all sa#
    Mun#/a##en's #2 .e% a"+isers1
    Lr" Isma% an" Sir Eri=
    Mie+ille6 A# #$e =en#re , #$e
    #a/le1 2as #$e -i=er%6 An
    ,,i=ial ($#gra($er $as#il%
    re=r"e" #$e ga#$ering ,r
    $is#r%6 T$en1 in a silen=e
    in#erru(#e" nl% /% #$e ras( ,
    ner+us #$ra#s /eing =leare"1 a
    se=re#ar% se# /e,re ea=$ man a
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    U

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    AN OLD MAN AND
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    Mun#/a##en =n#inue"1 'I s$all
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    s(ea.6 I "n'# 2an# &ngress #
    ,r=e %u in# #$e (en6 I 2an#
    %u # " nl% ne #$ing6 I 2an#
    %u # n" %ur $ea" # s$2
    #$a# %u are in agreemen# 2i#$
    me6
    'I, %u "n'# n" %ur $ea"1 Mr
    Jinna$1' Mun#/a##en =n=lu"e"1
    '#$en %u're #$rug$1 an" #$ere'll
    /e n#$ing mre I =an " ,r
    %u6 E+er%#$ing 2ill =lla(se6
    T$is is n# a #$rea#6 I#'s a
    (r($e=%6 I, %u "n'# n" %ur
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    $ea" a# #$a# mmen#1 m%
    use,ulness $ere 2ill /e en"e"1
    %u 2ill $a+e ls# %ur Pa.is#an1
    an" as ,ar as I am =n=erne"1
    %u =an g # $ell6'
    T$e mee#ing 2$i=$ 2ul"
    ,rmall% re=r" #$e In"ian
    lea"ers' a==e(#an=e , #$e
    Mun#/a##en (lan # "i+i"e In"ia
    /egan eCa=#l% as Mun#/a##en
    $a" sai" i# 2ul"6 On=e again
    #$e -i=er% =n"emne" #$e
    lea"ers # an un,amiliar silen=e
    /% "mina#ing #$e =n+ersa#in
    $imsel, an"1 in a sense1 s(ea.ing
    ,r #$em6 As $e $a" eC(e=#e" $e
    sai"1 all #$ree (ar#ies $a" $a"
    gra+e reser+a#ins a/u# /is (lan
    an" $e 2as gra#e,ul #$e% $a"
    aire" #$em # $im6 Nne#$eless
    &ngress $a" signi,ie" i#s
    a==e(#an=e6 S1 #1 $a" #$e
    Si.$s6 He $a" $a"1 $e sai"1 a
    lng an" ,rien"l% =n+ersa#in
    #$e (re+ius e+ening 2i#$ Mr
    Jinna$ 2$ $a" assure" $im #$e
    (lan 2as a==e(#a/le6
    As $e s(.e #$se 2r"s1
    Mun#/a##en #urne" # Jinna$
    sea#e" a# $is rig$#6 A# #$a# ins#an#
    Mun#/a##en $a" a/slu#el% n
    i"ea 2$a# #$e Mslem lea"er
    2as ging # "6 T$e =a(#ain ,
    #$e *ell%1 #$e su(reme
    =mman"er 2$ $a" $a" an
    en#ire Arm% &r(s en=ir=le" an"
    =u# 6,, /% #$e Ja(anese n #$e
    Im($al Plain1 2ul" al2a%s l.
    /a=. n #$a# ins#an# as '#$e ms#
    $airDraising mmen# , m% en#ire
    li,e'6 !r an en"less se=n"1 $e
    s#are" in# Jinna$'s im(assi+e1
    eC(ressinless ,a=e6 T$en1
    sl2l%1 relu=#an=e =r%ing ,rm
    e+er% (re1 Jinna$ in"i=a#e" $is
    agreemen# 2i#$ #$e ,ain#es#1
    ms# /egru"ging n" $e =ul"
    ma.e6 His =$in m+e" /arel%
    $al, an in=$ "2n2ar"1 #$e
    s$r#es# "is#an=e i# =ul" $a+e
    #ra+elle" =nsnan# 2i#$
    a==e(#ing Mun#/a##en's (lan6
    @i#$ #$a# /rie,1 alms#
    im(er=e(#i/le ges#ure1 a na#in
    , A0 millin $uman /eings $a"
    re=ei+e" i#s ,inal san=#in6
    H2e+er miss$a(en1 $2e+er
    "i,,i=ul# #$e =ir=ums#an=es #$a#
    2ul" a##en" /ir#$1 #$e
    'im(ssi/le "ream' , Pa.is#an
    2ul" a# las# /e rea,
    Mun#/a##en $a" enug$
    agreemen# # g a$ea"6 Be,re
    an% , se+en men =ul" $a+e a
    =$an=e # ,rmula#e a las#
    reser+a#in "u/#1 $e annun=e"
    #$a# $is (lan 2ul" $en=e,r#$
    =ns#i#u#e /asis ,r an In"ian
    se##lemen#6
    @$ile #$e enrmi#% , #$e
    "e=isin #$e% $a" Bus# #a.en
    /egar sin. in1 Mun#/a##en 2i#$
    a (reDarrange" ges#ure1 $a" a ?AD
    (T singleDs(a=e" "=umen# se#
    /e,re ea=$ man6 &las(ing #$e
    las# = $imsel, 2i#$ /#$ $an"s1
    #$e -i=er% li,#e" i# +er $is
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    $ea" 2$i((e" i# /a=. "2n n #
    #$e #a/le6 A# #$e s$ar( =ra=. #
    ,ll2e" #$e sla( , (a(er n
    2" Mun#/a##en rea" u# #$e
    (sing #i#le n $is e'uall%
    im(sing "=umen#H 'T$e
    A"minis#ra &nse'uen=es ,
    Par#i#in'6
    I# 2as a =are,ull% ela/ra#e"
    =$ris#ening (resen# ,rm
    Mun#/a an" $is s#a,, # #$e
    In"ian lea"ers1 a gui"e # #$e
    a2esme #as. n2 la% /e,re
    #$em6 Page a,#er (age1 i#
    summariQe" in i#s /ureau=ra#i=
    Bargn #$e a((alling im(li=a#ins
    , #$eir "e=isin1 $ , #$e se+en
    2as in e+en #$e rem#es# 2a%
    (re(are" ,r #$e s$i $e
    en=un#ere" as $e /egan # #urn
    #$e (ages6 A$ea" la% a (r# , a
    s=(e an" n a s=ale n (e(le
    $a" e+er en=un#ere" /e,i
    (r/lem +as# enug$ # /eggar
    #$e ms# +i+i" imagina#in6 3
    2ere n2 ging # /e =alle"
    u(n # unra+el #$e 2e/ le,#
    /e$ini ?4 =en#uries , =mmn
    $a/i#a#in , #$e su/D=n#inen#1
    # # /i#s #$e (r"u=# , #$ree
    =en#uries , #e=$nlg%6 T$e
    =as$ ir /an.sT s#am(s in #$e (s#
    ,,i=esT /.s in #$e li/rariesT "V
    asse#sT #$e 2rl"'s #$ir" larges#
    rail2a%T BailsT (risnersT in.B
    /rmsT resear=$
    =en#resT$s(i#alsT uni+ersi#iesT
    ins#i#u#insT arl s#aggering in
    num/er an" +arie#%1 2ul" /e
    #$eirs # "i+i"e6
    A s#unne" silen=eD,ille" #$e
    s#u"% as #$e se+en men measure!
    #$e ,irs# #ime 2$a# la% a$ea" ,
    #$em6 Mun#/a##en $a" =are
    s#ageDmanage" #$e s=ene an"
    #$eir rea=#in 2as eCa=#l% 2$a#
    $e $(e" i# 2ul" /e6 I# 2ul"1
    $e la#er #l" $is s#a,,1 $a+e /een
    ami $a" i# n# /een ,r #$e
    gra+i#% , #$e $ur6 He $a"
    ,r=e" #$eseH men # gri(s 2i#$ a
    (r/lem s im(sing #$a# i#s
    reslu#ii =ul" ,eel =er#ain1
    2ul" lea+e #$em nei#$er #$e
    #ime nr #$e ei ,r re=rimina#ins
    in #$e ,e2 2ee.s , =$a/i#a#in
    le,# # #$e
    )an"$i re=ei+e" #$e ne2s =#$e
    "e=isin as $e 2as $a+ing a /a#$
    a,#er $is e+ening 2al.6 @$ile
    ne , $is ,emale "is=i(les sage"
    $is ,ee# 2i#$ a s#ne1 an#$er
    /urs# in 2i#$ an a==un#
    ; -i=er%'s se=n" mee#ing 2i#$
    #$e lea"ers6 Srr2 seeme" # sT
    li.e a s#ain +er $is (in=$e"
    ,ea#ures as s$e #al.e"6 'Ma% )"

    #e=# #$em an" gran# #$em all
    2is"m1' $e sig$e" 2$en s$e'"
    ,inis$e"6
    S$r#l% a,#er se+en '=l=. n
    #$a# e+ening , ? June 37A81 in
    #$e Ne2 Del$i s#u"i , All
    In"ia Ra"i1 #$e ,ur .e% lea"ers
    ,rmall% annun=e" #$eir
    agreemen# # "i+i"e #$e su/D
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    =n#inen# in# #2 se(ara#e1
    s+ereign na#ins6
    As /e,i##e" $is ,,i=e1
    Mun#/a##en s(.e ,irs#6 His
    2r"s 2ere =n,i"en#1 $is
    s(ee=$ /rie,1 $is #nes
    un"ers#a#e"6 Ne$ru ,ll2e"
    s(ea.ing in Hin"i6 Sa"ness
    gras(e" #$e In"ian lea"er's ,a=e
    as $e #l" $is lis#eners1 FT$e
    grea# "es#in% , In"ia1' 2as
    #a.ing s$a(e1 '2i#$ #ra+ail an"
    su,,ering6'Bar ring $is 2n
    em#ins1 $e urge" a==e(#an=e
    , #$e (lan 2$i=$ $a" =ause"
    $im su=$ "ee( (ersnal anguis$
    /% =n=lu"ing 'i# is 2i#$ n B%
    in m% $ear# #$a# I =mmen"
    #$ese (r(sals # %u'6
    Jinna$ 2as neC#6 N#$ing 2ul"
    e+er /e mre illus#ra#i+e , #$e
    enrmus1 %e# 2$ll%
    in=ngruus na#ure , $is
    a=$ie+emen# #$an #$a# s(ee=$6
    M$amme" Ali Jinna$ 2as
    in=a(a/le , annun=ing # $is
    ,ll2ers in a language #$a# #$e%
    =ul" un"ers#an" #$e ne2s #$a#
    $e $a" 2n #$em a s#a#e6 He $a"
    # #ell In"ia's Mslems , #$e
    'mmen#us "e=isin' # =rea#e
    an Islami= s#a#e n #$e su/D
    =n#inen# in Englis$1 =n=lu"ing
    2i#$ #$e 2r"s 'Pa.is#an
    Rin"a/a"'> An annun=er #$en
    rea" $is 2r"s in Ur"u6
    T$e (r($e# , nnD+ilen=e g#
    $is +i=e /a=. #$e "a% ,ll2ing
    #$e lea"ers' a==e(#an=e , #$e
    -i=er%'s (lan6 T$e /rie, res(i#e
    a==r"e" Mun#/a##en /% $is
    "a% , silen=e 2as +er6 S$r#l%
    a,#er nn n A June1
    Mun#/a##en re=ei+e" an urgen#
    =mmuni=a#inH )an"$i 2as
    (re(aring # /rea. 2i#$ #$e
    &ngress lea"ers$i( an"
    "enun=e #$e (lan a# $is e+ening
    (ra%er mee#ing6 Mun#/a##en
    imme"ia#el% sen# an emissar% #
    )an"$i in+i#ing $im # =me #
    see $im1
    )an"$i 2al.e" in#
    Mun#/a##en's s#u"% a# 9 (6m6
    His (ra%er mee#ing 2as a# se+en6
    T$a# le,# Mun#/a##en less #$an
    an $ur in 2$i=$ # 2ar" ,, a
    (#en#ial "isas#er6 His ,irs#
    glan=e a# #$e Ma$a#ma #l"
    Mun#/a##en $2 "ee(l% u(se#
    $e 2as6 &rum(le" u( in $is
    arm=$air 'li.e a /ir" 2i#$ a
    /r.en 2ing'1 )an"$i .e(#
    raising an" "r((ing ne $an"1
    lamen#ing in an alms# inau"i/le
    +i=e1 'I#'s s a2,ul1 i#'s s
    a2,ul6'
    In #$a# s#a#e )an"$i1
    Mun#/a##en .ne21 2as =a(a/le
    , an%#$ing6 A (u/li=
    "enun=ia#in , $is (lan 2ul"
    /e "isas#rus6 Ne$ru1 Pa#el an"
    #$e #$er lea"ers 2ul" /e
    ,r=e" # /rea. (u/li=l% 2i#$
    )an"$i r # /rea. #$eir
    agreemen# 2i#$ $im6 -2ing #
    use e+er%
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    > A num/er , $is lis#eners ,aile"
    # un"ers#an" #$a# ,inal s$i,#
    ,rm Englis$ # Ur"u an"
    #$ug$# Jinna$ $a" =rie"H
    'Pa.is#an's in #$e /ag!'


    A DAY &URSED BY THE
    STARS

    39

    e+ening ,rm #$e mu#$ , #$e
    man 2$ $a" s ,#en (rmise"
    # ,,er $is 2n /"% ,r
    +i+ise=#in ra#$er #$an a==e(# $is
    =un#r%'s "i+isin6
    I# 2as n use /laming #$e
    -i=er% ,r (ar#i#in1 $e sai"6
    L. #e %ursel+es an" in %ur
    2n $ear#s ,r an eC(lana#in ,
    2$a# $as $a((ene"6 Luis
    Mun#/a##en's (ersuasi+eness
    $a" 2n $im #$e ul#ima#e an"
    ms# "i,,i=ul# #rium($ , $is
    -i=er%al#%6
    As ,r )an"$i1 man% an In"ian
    2ul" ne+er ,rgi+e $im $is
    silen=e1 an" #$e ,rail l" man
    2$se $ear# s#ill a=$e" ,r
    In"ia's =ming "i+isin 2ul"
    ne "a% (a% #$e (ri=e , #$eir
    ran=ur6
    Ne+er $a" #$e $an"sme
    =$am/er /uil# # s$el#er #$e
    "e/a#es , In"ia's legisla#rs
    seen a (er,rman=e # ri+al i#6
    S(ea.ing 2i#$u# n#es1 2i#$ an
    au#$ri#% an" =lari#% #$a# a2e"
    e+en $is ms# +irulen# =ri#i=s1
    Luis Mun#/a##en re+eale" #
    In"ian an" 2rl" (inin #$e
    "e#ails , ne , #$e ms#
    im(r#an# /ir#$ =er#i,i=a#es in
    $is#r%1 #$e =m(leC (lan 2$i=$
    2ul" ser+e as #$e (re=ursr , a
    ne2 assem/l% , #$e (e(les ,
    #$e (lane#1 #$e T$ir" @rl"6
    I# 2as #$e se=n" #ime in #$e
    $is#r% , Bri#ain's In"ian
    Em(ire #$a# a -i=er% ga+e a
    (ress =n,eren=e6 I# 2as als #$e
    las#6 T$ree $un"re" Burnalis#s1
    =rres(n"en#s , #$e USSR1
    US1 &$ina an" Eur(e1 miCe"
    2i#$ #$e re(resen#a#i+es ,
    In"ia's (ress1 a reginal1
    religius an" linguis#i= msai=
    , Burnals1 all ,ll2ing 2i#$
    eC#rar"inar% in#en#ness #$e
    mnlgue , #$e -i=er%6
    !r Luis Mun#/a##en #$e (ress
    =n,eren=e 2as #$e a(#$esis1
    #$e ,inal =nse=ra#in , a
    remar.a/le #ur "e ,r=e6 In
    /arel% #2 mn#$s1 +ir#uall%
    a\\ne man/an"1 $e
    $a=La=$ie+e" #$e Im(ssi/le1
    Fes#a/lis$e" a "ialgue 2i#$
    In"ia's lea"ersSse# #$e /asis Tan
    agrees men#1 (ersua"e" $is
    In"ian inierl=u#rsBa==e(# i#1
    eC#ra=#e?\#$e 2$le$ear#e"
    su((r# , /#$ #$[ g+ernmen#
    an" T$eB((si#in in Ln"n6
    He $a" s.ir#e" 2i#$ "eC#eri#%
    an" a li##le lu=. arun" T$e
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    (i#,alls /arring $is ru#e6 An" as
    $is ,inal ges#ure $e $a" en#ere"
    #$e =age , #$e l" lin $imsel,1
    =n+in=e" &$ur=$ill # "ra2 in
    $is =la2s an" le,# $im1 #1
    murmuring $is a((r/a#in6
    Mun#/a##en =n=lu"e" $is #al.
    # a /urs# , a((lause an"
    (ene" #$e ,lr # 'ues#ins6 He
    $a" n a((re$ensin in "ing s6
    >I $a" /een #$ere1' $e 2ul"
    re=all la#er6 'I 2as #$e nl% ne
    2$ $a" /een #$rug$ i# all1
    2$'" li+e" e+er% mmen# , i#6
    !r #$e ,irs# #ime #$e (ress 2ere
    mee#ing #$e ne an" nl% man
    2$ $a" #$e 2$le #$ing a# $is
    ,inger#i(s6'
    Su""enl%1 2$en #$e lng /arrage
    , 'ues#ins /egan # #ri=.le u#1
    #$e ann%mus +i=e , an
    In"ian ne2sman =u# a=rss #$e
    =$am/er6 His 2as #$e las#
    'ues#in a2ai#ing an ans2er6 I#
    2as #$e las# s'uare le,# ,r
    Mun#/a##en # ,ill in1 in #$e
    (uQQle $e'" /een assigne" si
    mn#$s /e,re6
    'Sir1' #$e +i=e sai"1 'i, all agree
    #$a# #$ere is ms# urgen# nee" ,=
    s(ee" /e#2een #"a% an" #$e
    Trans,er , P2er1 surel% %u
    s$ul $a+e a "a#e in min" ?'
    'Yes1 in"ee"1' re(lie"
    Mun#/a##en6
    'An" i, %u $a+e =$sen a "a#e1
    Sir1 2$a# #$en is #$a# "a#e
    (resse" #$e 'ues#iner6
    A num/er , ra(i" =al=ula#ins
    2en# 2$irring #$rug$ #l
    -i=er%'s min" as $e lis#ene" #
    #$se 'ues#ins6 He $a" n#1 in
    ,a# (i=.e" a "a#e6 Bu# $e 2as
    =n+in=e" i# $a" # /e +er% sn6
    'I $a" # ,r=e #$e (a=e1' $e
    re=alle" la#er6 'I .ne2 I $a" # ,r
    (arliamen# # ge# #$e /ill #$rug$
    /e,re #$eir summer re=ess # $
    #$e #$ing #ge#$er6 @e 2ere
    si##ing n #$e e"ge , a +l=an1
    n ,use" /m/1 an" 2e "i"n'#
    .n2 2$en #$e ,use 2ul" g
    ,,6' Li #$e /lurre" images , a
    $rrr ,ilm1 #$e =$arre" =r(ses
    , *a$u ,las$e" a=rss Luis
    Mun#/a##en's min"6 I, an
    u#/urs# , simi #rage"ies 2as
    n# # "rag all In"ia in# an
    a(=al%(se1 $e $a" # ,as#6 A,#er
    ?444 %ears , $is#r%1 544 , PaC
    Bri#anni=a1 nl% a , 2ee.s
    remaine"1 #$e -i=er% /elie+e"1
    /e#2een In"ia an" =$as
    He s#are" a# #$e (a=.e" assem/l%
    $all6 E+er% ,a=e in #$e rm +
    #urne" # $is6 A $us$e"1
    eC(e=#an# silen=e /r.en nl% /%
    #$e 2 , #$e 2"en /la"es ,
    #$e ,ans re+l+ing +er$ea"
    s#ille" #$e r= 'I 2as "e#ermine"
    # s$2 I 2as #$e mas#er , #$e
    2$le e+en#1' 2ul" remem/er6
    'Yes1' $e sai"1 T $a+e sele=#e" a
    "a#e ,r #$e Trans,er , P2
    As $e 2as u##ering #$se 2r"s1
    #$e (ssi/le "a#es 2ere ,
    2$iQQing #$rug$ $is min" li.e
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #$e num/ers n a s(inning ruli
    2$eel6 Earl% Se(#em/er? Mi"D
    Se(#em/er? Mi"DAugus#? Su""e
    #$e 2$eel s#((e" 2i#$ a Bar an"
    #$e li##le /all (((e" in# a sl
    +er2$elmingl% a((r(ria#e #$a#
    Mun#/a##en's "e=isin
    ins#an#aneus6 I# 2as a "a#e
    lin.e" in $is memr% # #$e n
    #rium($an# $urs , $is 2n
    eCis#en=e1 #$e "a% in 2$i=$ $is 3
    =rusa"e #$rug$ #$e Bungles ,
    Burma $a" en"e" 2i#$ #$e
    =n"i#inal surren"er , #$e
    Ja(anese Em(ire6 @$a# mre
    (r(ria#e "a#e ,r #$e /ir#$ , #$e
    ne2 "em=ra#i= Asia #$an
    se=n" anni+ersar% , Ja(an's
    surren"er?
    His +i=e =ns#ri=#e" 2i#$
    su""en em#in1 #$e +i=#r ,
    Bungles , Burma a/u# #
    /e=me #$e li/era#r , In"ia
    annun
    'T$e ,inal Trans,er , P2er #
    In"ian $an"s 2ill #a.e (la 30
    Augus# 37A86'
    Luis Mun#/a##en's
    s(n#aneus "e=isin #
    annun=e #$e "ai
    In"ian in"e(en"en=e n $is 2n
    ini#ia#i+e 2as a /m/s$ell6 In #$e
    =rri"rs , #$e Huse ,
    &mmns1 D2ning S#ree#1
    Bu=.ing$am Pala=e1 n ne $a"
    sus(e=#e" Mun#/a##en 2as
    rea"% # ring #$e =ur#ain "2n s
    (re=i(i#usl% n Bri#ain's In"ian
    a"+en#ure6 In Del$i1 #$e
    -i=er%'s ms# in#ima#e
    =lla/ra#rs $a" n in.ling ,
    2$a# Mun#/a##en 2as ging #
    "6 N# e+en #$e In"ian lea"ers
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    ,r In"ia's in"e(en"en=e =ause
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    30 Augus#1 Sa Ju(i#er an" -enus
    2ul" all lie in #$e ms#
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    a==urse" si#e $ea+ens1 #$e
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    '@$a# $a+e "ne? @$a# $a+e
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    massa=res ,ll21 i# 2ill /e
    /e=ause ,ree In"ia 2aT n a "a%
    =urse" /% #$e s#ars6'


    T$e Ms# &m(leC Di+r=e in
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    /e"rm an" #l" # s#a% #$ere
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    /alan=es an" in re#urn =+er 38^
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #$a# #$e m+ea/le a In"ia's +as#
    a"minis#ra#i+e ma=$ine s$ul"
    /e "i+i"e" u( In"ia1 54P #
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    #$eir =$airs1 #a/les1 /rms an"
    #%(e2ri#ers6 SnH resul#ing
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    #$a# #$e en#ire ($%si=al resur=es
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    sa,es1 54 #a/le lam(s1 384
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    ,ain#es# relu=#an=e # gras( a, #$e
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    2en# In"ia6 T$e (ri+a#e =ars ,
    #$e &mman"erDinD&$ie, , #$e
    In" Arm% an" #$e )+ernr ,
    #$e PunBa/ 2ere assigne" #
    Pa.isU
    T$e ms# remar.a/le "i+isin ,
    all1 $2e+er1 #. (la=e in s#a/le
    %ar"s , -i=er%'s Huse6 A#
    issue 2ere #2el+e $rseD"ra
    =arriages6 @i#$ #$eir rna#e1
    $an"D2rug$# gl" an" sil+er
    "esi, #$eir gli##ering $arnesses1
    #$eir s=arle# =us$ins1 #$e%
    em/"ie" #$e (re#en#ius (m(1
    all #$e maBes#i= "is"ain1 #$a# $a"
    /#$ ,as# a#e" an" in,uria#e" #$e
    RaB's In"ian su/Be=#s6 E+er%
    -i=er%1 eU +isi#ing s+ereign1
    e+er% r%al "igni#ar% (assing
    #$rug$ In"is m"ern #imes $a"
    (rmena"e" #$rug$ #$e RaB's
    =a(i#al in ni #$em6 T$e% 2ere
    #$e ,rmal1 +i=eregal =arriages1
    siC , #$em #rimi in gl"1 siC
    semiDs#a#e =arriages in sil+er6 T
    /rea. u( #$e se#s seeme" a
    #rage"%T ne "minin1 i# 2as
    "e=i"e"1 2ul" ge# #$e B
    =arriages1 #$e #$er 2ul" $a+e
    # se##le ,r #$e sil+er6
    Mun#/a##en's AD&1 L#D&m6
    Pe#er H2es1 (r(se" #$a#
    'ues#in , 2$i=$ "minin
    2ul" ge# 2$i=$ se# , #$se r
    +e$i=les s$ul" /e se##le" /% a
    (r,un"l% (le/eian ges#ure1 #$e
    , a =in6 Besi"e $im1 MaBr
    Ya=u/ *$an1 ne2l% a((in#e" =
    man"er , #$e Pa.is#an
    /"%guar"1 an" MaBr )+in"
    Sing$ =mman"er , #$e
    -i=er%'s /"%guar"1 2a#=$e" as
    #$e sil+er _ 2en# gli##ering u( in
    #$e air6
    'Hea"s!' s$u#e" )+in" Sing$6
    T$e =in =la##ere" n # #$e
    s#a/le %ar"6 T$e #$ree men s# #
    l. a# i#6 A 2$( es=a(e" ,rm
    #$e Si.$ maBr6 Lu=. "e=i"e"
    #$a# #$e gl" =arriages , In"ia's
    im(erial rulers mig$# +e% #$e
    lea"ers , a ne21 s=ialis# In"ia
    #$rug$ #$e s#ree#s , #$eir
    =a(i#al6
    H2es #$en "i+i"e" u( #$e
    $arnesses1 #$e 2$i(s1 #$e
    =a=$men's /#s1 2igs an"
    uni,rms #$a# 2en# 2i#$ ea=$ se#
    , =arriages6 @$en $e rea=$e"
    #$e en" , #$a# s#a=. ,
    e'ui(men# a las# i#em remaine"6
    I# 2as #$e -i=er%'s Ps# Hrn1
    #$e ,laring $rn use" /% #$e
    =a=$man # gui"e $is $rses6 In
    all #$e +i=eregal es#a/lis$men#
    #$ere 2as nl% ne su=$ $rn6
    T$e %ung na+al ,,i=er
    (n"ere" a minu#e6 O/+iusl%1 i,
    #$e $rn 2as /r.en in #21 i#
    2ul" ne+er emi# an#$er sun"6
    He =ul"1 , =urse1 ,li( a =in
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    again6 Su""enl% H2es $a" a
    /e##er i"ea6
    He $el" i# u( # $is =lleagues6
    'Yu .n21' $e sai"1 '%u =an'#
    "i+i"e #$is6 I #$in. #$ere's nl%
    ne slu#in6 I'll $a+e # .ee( i#6'
    @i#$ a smile1 H2es #u=.e" #$e
    $rn un"er $is arm an"
    saun#ere" u# , #$e s#a/le %ar"6>
    I# 2as n# Bus# #$e /.s1 /an.
    n#es1 an" /ureau=ra#s' =$airs
    2$i=$ $a" # /e sr#e" u# an"
    "i+i"e" u( in #$se ,ran#i=
    summer 2ee.s6 S1 #1 "i"
    $un"re"s , #$usan"s , $uman
    /eings1 mem/ers , #$e +as#
    arm% , In"ia's (u/li= em(l%ees
    ,rm railra" (resi"en#s an"
    Bunir minis#ers # s2ee(ers1
    erran" /%s1 /earers an" /a/us1
    #$se in,uria#ing1 (e##%Dmin"e"
    =ler.s 2$ gre2 li.e 2ee"s
    #$rug$ In"ia's a"minis#ra#in6
    Ea=$ 2as gi+en #$e =$i=e ,
    ser+ing In"ia r Pa.is#an6 T$en1
    se(ara#e" in# $uman (iles1 #$e%
    2ere s$un#e" ,, # ne
    "minin r #$e #$er6
    T$e ms# (ain,ul "i+isin , all1
    $2e+er1 in+l+e" 3D5 millin
    Hin"us1 Si.$s1 Mslems an"
    Englis$men assem/le" in #$e
    (ru"es# ins#i#u#in Bri#ain $a"
    (r"u=e" in In"ia1 #$e In"ian
    Arm%6
    Mun#/a##en $a" (lea"e" 2i#$
    Jinna$ # lea+e #$e arm% in#a=#
    ,r a %ear un"er a Bri#is$
    Su(reme &mman"er
    res(nsi/le # /#$ In"ia an"
    Pa.is#an as #$e /es# guaran#r ,
    #$e su/D=n#inen#'s (ea=e in #$e
    #ru/le" 2ee.s sure # ,ll2
    (ar#i#in6 Jinna$ $a" re,use"H an
    arm% 2as #$e in"is(ensa/le
    a##ri/u#e , a na#in's
    s+ereign#%6 He 2an#e"
    Pa.is#an's in /eing1 insi"e i#s
    /r"ers1 /% 30 Augus#6 &ar+e"
    u( #2 #$ir"s # In"ia1 ne #$ir"
    # Pa.is#an1 #$e men , #$e
    In"ian Arm%1 alng 2i#$
    e+er%#$ing else n #$e su/D
    =n#inen#1 2ul" $a+e # /e
    "i+i"e" an" a grea# legen" lai"
    # res#6
    T$e In"ian Arm%H #$e 2r"s
    alne 2ere enug$ # =nBure u(
    #$e
    > T$e -i=er%'s Ps# Hrn res#s
    a 'uar#er , a =en#ur% la#er1 n
    #$e man#el(ie=e , H2es'
    li+ingDrm6 O==asinall%1
    H2es1 n2 a re#ire" a"miral1
    2ill re=un# # $is gues#s , an
    e+ening #$e s#r% , #$e $rn an"
    gi+e i# a (la%,ul ## ,r l"
    #imes' sa.e6 6
    l"1 rman#i= imagesH )unga
    Din1 )en#lemen Ran.ers ,, n a
    s(ree1 #$e Ra" # Man"ala%1 #$e
    Nig$# Runners , Bengal1 @$i#e
    !ea#$ers1 an" )ar% &(er
    urging $is Bengal Lan=ers u( a
    r=.% "e,ile6 !r genera#ins ,
    Englis$ s=$l/%s1 s#u=. in
    un$eale" =lassrms1 #$eir e%es
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    l.ing u# n sme ,rlrn1
    rains2e(# $ea#$1 #$e names , i#s
    regimen#s1 S.inner's an"
    H"sn's an" Pr/%n's Hrse1
    #$e 'Pi,,ers' , #$e !rn#ier !r=e
    Ri,les1 #$e !irs# Si.$s1 #$e
    RaB(u#ana Ri,les1 #$e )ui"es'
    &a+alr%1 2ere s%nn%mus 2i#$
    glr% an" a"+en#ure6
    I# $a" e(i#miQe" #$e -i=#rian
    i"eal , In"ia /e##er #$an
    an%#$ing elseH "ar.1 (lu=.%
    sl"iers S#aun=$l% l%al # #$eir
    "is#an# Em(ress1 le" /% "ug$#%
    %ung Englis$men1 gen#lemen
    all1 s#ea"% un"er #$e Pa#$an's
    ,ire1 g" a# games1 s#ern /u#
    "e+#e" ,a#$ers # #$eir men1
    =$a(s 2$ =ul" $l" #$eir
    li'ur in #$e mess6 I#s "ee"s1 #$e
    eC(li#s , i#s $eres1 2ere #$e
    s#u,, , #$e Bri#is$ In"ian
    legen"6
    T$ere 2ere #$e se(%s1 In"ian
    in,an#r% men1 i6i #$e siege ,
    Ar=l ,,ering #$eir Bri#is$
    ,,i=ers #$eir las# ri=e /e=ause
    #$e% .ne2 /e##ei $2 # en"ure
    #$e agnies , s#ar+a#inT #$e
    )ui"es1 gall(ing "2i , Del$i
    # assaul# #$e mu#ineers in 3:08T
    #$e 9#$ )ur.$as s2arminB u( #$e
    ri"ge ,rm 2$i=$ #$e Tur.s
    "mina#e" #$e /ea=$es
    )alli(liT #$e 33#$ Prin=e Al/er#
    -i=#r's 2n &a+alr%1 #$e 5nV
    R%al Lan=ers1 an" #$e 3:#$
    Lan=ers s#emming #$e rus$ ,
    Rmmel' armur a# Mei.ili in
    #$e @es#ern Deser#1 s(urning #$e
    !iel" Mars$al's =all # surren"er1
    an" (er$a(s sa+ing all Eg%(# /%
    #$ei s#an"6
    T$e arm% $a" /egun as a
    =lle=#in , (ri+a#e armies a#
    #$e ser+i= , #$e Eas# In"ia
    &m(an%6 I#s earl% =$ie,#ains
    2ere ,reeD/#iu mer=enaries
    2$ raise" #$eir (ri+a#e ,r=es1
    #$en $ire" #$em u# # #$e
    &m(an%6 T$e (assage , #ime
    (la=e" a =er#ain aura a/u# #$e
    namesH man% $a"1 in ,a=#1 /een
    a+ari=ius1 /ru#al lu#s (rin=i(al
    in#eres#e" in #$e a==umula#in ,
    2eal#$6 @illiam H"sn1 #l
    ,un"er , H"sn's Hrse1 2as
    a $ar"D"rin.ing1 sa"is#i=1
    (ersnal =urageus man 2$
    ma"e $is ,r#une /% ,alsi,%ing
    $is me a==un#s an" /rr2ing
    large sums , mne% $e $a" n
    in#en#in re(a%ing ,rm #$e
    2eal#$% In"ian su/al#erns 2$m
    $e re=rui#e" $is =lurs6 @$en
    ne , #$em1 in #$e =m(an% , a
    %ung sn1 +1 ,lis$ enug$ #
    (resen# $imsel, a# H"sn's "r
    # en'uire a/= #$e re(a%men# ,
    a lan1 H"sn "is=$arge" $is
    "e/# 2i#$ a (is# .illing /#$ #$e
    ,,i=er an" $is /%6 He "ie"
    #r%ing # relie+e I /esiege"
    Resi"en=e a# Lu=.n2 n 33
    Mar=$ 3:0:6 His a2e" ,ell se#
    $im un"er a #m/s#ne #$a#
    n#e"H 'Here lie#$ all #$a# =ul"
    , @illiam S#e+en Rai.es
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    H"sn1 &mman"an# , H"s


    38A
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    T$a# Mu#in% =$ange" #$e na#ure
    , #$e Arm% as i# =$ange" alms#
    e+er%#$ing else in In"ia6 @i#$
    #$e =$anges1 i#s real saga /egan6
    !r #$e neC# 80 %ears1 #$e In"ian
    Arm% s%($ne" ,, #$e /es#
    (r"u=#s , San"$urs#1 #$e
    in#ense1 am/i#ius sns , #$e
    mi""le an" u((er mi""le
    =lasses1 "e#ermine" # ma.e a
    =areer a# arms /u# una/le #
    a,,r" #$e g" Bri#is$
    regimen#s in 2$i=$ an ,,i=er
    =ul" n# .ee( u( in #$e mess n
    $is (a% alne6 @$ile #$e
    (am(ere" sns , #$e ri=$ 2en#
    ,, # #$e )uar"s # /e=me
    ama#eur sl"iers1 #$e /rig$#
    %ung men a# #$e #( , #$e =lass
    2en# u# # In"ia 2$ere li,e 2as
    =$ea(er1 an" #$e (a% 04P $ig$er1
    # /e=me (r,essinals6 A F r
    LX
    @$ile #$e Bri#is$ Arm% (ara"e"
    an" "rille"''#$rug$ #$e lng
    %ears , #$e PaC Bri#anni=a1 #$e
    In"ian Arm% ,ug$#6 I# ,ug$#
    alms# in=essan#l% alng #$e
    (asses an" (ea.s , #$e !rn#ier1
    a# Lan"i *#al an" u( an" "2n
    #$e *$%/er6 I# 2as "esla#e1
    ,r/i""ing #errain1 serra#e"
    ri"ges1 r=.% sl(es1 /arren
    +alle%s 2i#$ $ar"l% a /us$ ,r
    =+er1 s=r=$e" /% #$e sun in
    summer1 s2e(# /% 2il"1 ,reeQing
    rains in 2in#er6 T$e enem% 2as
    =ruel1 Pa#$ans li.e #$e @aQirs
    an" Ma$su"s1 2$ ,inis$e" ,,
    #$eir 2un"e" (risners 2i#$
    #$eir .ni+es6
    Bu# #$e Pa#$an 2as a /ra+e
    enem%1 =le+er an" =unning1 an"
    $is Bri#is$ ,es eC#en"e" $im #$e
    /egru"ging a"mira#in "ue #
    #$e mem/er , a 'g" si"e'6
    T$se !rn#ier 2ars 2ere a .in"
    , "ea"l% game1 ,ug$# # =ruel
    rules /u# s#ill in,use" 2i#$ a
    #u=$ , #$e (la%ing ,iel"s ,
    E#n6 I#s a=#ins 2ere small
    s=ale1 an ,,i=er an" a ,e2 men
    manning a (i=.e#1 se=uring a
    $ill#(6 T$e% (la=e" a (remium
    n =urage1 (ersnal lea"ers$i(1
    resur=e,ulness an" ini#ia#i+e1
    an" re'uire" a =lse1 #rus#ing
    rela#ins$i( /e#2een ,,i=ers an"
    men6
    I, a %ung ,,i=er's li,e 2as
    gruelling "uring !rn#ier
    =am(aigns1 /a=. in 'uar#ers i#
    2as le" 2i#$ s#%le an" (ana=$e6
    )i+en #$e a/un"an=e , ser+an#s
    in In"ia1 #$e l2 =s# , li+ing1
    #$e s(e=ial (ri+ileges a==r"e"
    #$e arm%1 i# 2as eas% ,r #$se
    %ung men # li+e li.e #$e
    gen#lemen #$e% 2ere su((se"
    # /e6 'Pug' Isma%1 Mun#/a##en's
    &$ie, , S#a,,1 re=alle" /is
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    arri+al in $is regimen#al mess as
    a %ung su/al#ern eC$aus#e" /%
    a $# an" "ir#% #ri( a=rss $al,
    In"ia6 His ,u#ure /r#$er ,,i=ers
    'in ur magni,i=en# mess .i# ,
    s=arle#1 "ar. /lue an" gl"' sa#
    arun" #$e #a/le1 a ser+an#
    /e$in" ea=$ 'in s(#less 2$i#e
    muslin 2i#$ /el#s , #$e
    regimen#al =lurs an" #$e
    regimen#al =res# in #$eir #ur/ans'6
    'T2 r #$ree /2ls , re" rses
    an" a ,e2 (ie=es , su(er/l%D
    =leane" sil+er1' re(se" n #$e
    imma=ula#e linen #a/le=l#$1 an"
    +er #$e man#el(ie=e , #$e
    ,ire(la=e 2as an il , #$e
    regimen#'s R%al &lnelDinD
    &$ie, an"1 n #$e 2alls1 '#$e
    $ea"s , #igers1 le(ar"s1
    mar.$r an" i/eC'6
    THE MOST &OMPLEM
    DI-OR&E IN HISTORY
    I# 2as an era 2$en arm% ,,i=ers
    "resse" li.e ,igures ,rm
    (ere##a6 T$e 'Yell2/%s' ,
    S.inner's Hrse 2re a(ri=# r
    .i#s6 O#$ers 2re s=arle# an"
    gl"1 aQure1 min# green an" sil
    On=e a mn#$1 ea=$ regimen#
    $el" i#s 'Dining In' nig$#1 a ,ri
    =eremnial /an'ue#6 On $is ,irs#
    su=$ ==asin1 a ne2l% arr
    ,,i=er 2as eC(e=#e" # "rin.
    $imsel, # a s#u(r1 #$en s$2 u(
    mrning (ara"e a# siC '=l=.6 A
    #rum(e# =all usuall% (ene" i
    /an'ue#s1 an" all gl" /rai" an"
    (lis$e" /#s1 #$e ,,i=ers man
    in# #$eir mess /e$in" #$eir
    =lnel6
    T$ere in #$e =an"lelig$#1 /e,re a
    #a/le la"e" 2i#$ =rB ,l2ers'
    an" glis#ening sil+er1 #$e% a#e
    meals as ,ine as an% in L @$en
    #$e las# "is$ 2as =leare"1 a
    "e=an#er , (r# 2as /rug$i an"
    (asse" =l=.2ise arun" #$e
    #a/le ,rm #$e =lnel6 An% /i ,
    #$a# #ra"i#in 2as =nsi"ere" an
    illDmen6 T$ree #as#s (r( /%
    #$e =lnel =mman"ing
    in+aria/l% ,ll2e"H #$e *ing
    Em( #$e -i=er%1 #$e regimen#6
    In #$e 8#$ &a+alr%1 #$e =mmai
    ,,i=er ,li((e" $is glass +er $is
    s$ul"er a,#er ea=$ #as#6 BV
    $im1 s#ern an" eC(ressinless1
    e%es ,r2ar"1 #$e mess sergean#
    2 # =rus$ #$e s$ar"s , ea=$
    un"er $is rig$# $eel as $e /ange"
    $is "2n # a##en#in6 T$e
    messes , #$e arm% 2ere 2ell
    s#=.e" 2$is.%1 =lare# an"
    =$am(agne1 all a==essi/le # an
    ,,i=er 2ii signa#ure n a =$i#1
    an" #$e man # a+i" a# all =s#s1
    ne =$rni=ler n#e"1 2as 'a
    /r#$er ,,i=er 2$ "ran. 2a#er
    a# 3
    Ea=$ regimen#'s ms# (re=ius
    (ssessin 2as i#s sil+e
    assr#men# , #r($ies 2$i=$
    2ere i#s un2ri##en $is#r%6 O,#en
    ,,i=er Bining i#s ran.s
    (resen#e" #$e mess 2i#$ a (ie=e
    ins 2i#$ $is name an" #$e "a#e ,
    $is arri+al6 O#$ers mar.e" a reg$
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    #rium($s n #$e (l r =ri=.e#
    grun"s1 r =ele/ra#e" i#s eB n
    #$e /a##le,iel"6 A #ra"i#in 2en#
    2i#$ ea=$ (ie=e6 One 2i# , #$e
    8#$ &a+alr% re=ei+e" i#s
    ni=.name a# a ris#erus Dir6
    nig$# in #$e #$ir#ies6 Li.e
    "run.en un"ergra"ua#es1 #$e regi
    lieu#enan#s $a" =lam/ere" n #
    #$eir mess #a/le #$a# nig_
    glee,ull% urina#e" in unisn in#
    #$e =u(6 Una/le # =n#ain #l
    (uring , #$eir =$am(agneD
    s2llen /la""ers1 i# $a" /een ii
    a#el% "u//e" '#$e O+er,l2 &u('6
    An ,,i=er's mrnings 2ere
    "e+#e" # "rill an" sl"iering
    res# , #$e "a% 2as $is6 T$ere
    2as ne a==e(#a/le 2a% # use
    games6 @$e#$er a# (l1 (igD
    s#i=.ing1 s$#ing1 =ri=.e#1 $i
    ri"ing # #$e $un"s1 #$e %ung
    ,,i=er 2as eC(e=#e" # 2r#
    %u#$,ul energies in sme
    $eal#$% eCer=ise6 I# 2as a "is=i(li
    # a Jesui# seminarian's =l"
    /a#$s /e=ause ne (leasure 2as
    a/sen# ,rm #$a# i"%lli= li,e1 seC6
    T$e ,,i=ers , #$e In"iai 2ere
    en=urage" n# # marr% un#il
    #$eir mi"D#$ir#ies6 Si
    Mu#in%1 In"ian mis#resses 2ere
    in "is,a+ur an" 2$ile /r#$els
    2ere =nsi"ere" ne=essar% an"
    (r(er u#le#s ,r men1 ,,i=ers
    an" gen#lemen 2ere n#
    en=urage" # (a#rniQe #$em6 A
    $ar" ri"e n a $rse 2as
    (r(se" ins#ea"6
    E+er% ,,i=er g# #2 mn#$s'
    lea+e a %ear1 /u# i# 2as eas% #
    ge# ,ar mre 2$en #$e !rn#ier
    2as 'uie#6 T$en #$e arm%'s
    %ung ,,i=ers 2en# ,, # $un#
    (an#$er an" #iger in #$e Bungles
    , &en#ral In"ia1 #$e sn2
    le(ar"1 i/eC an" /la=. /ear in
    #$e ,#$ills , #$e Himala%as1 #
    ,is$ #$e #ena=ius
    n2$s,#eerl,im #$e 'ui=.D
    ,l2ing s#reams , *as$mir6
    Isma% $a" s(en# $is earl% lea+es
    n a $use/a# in Srinagar1 $is
    (l (nies #e#$ere" n #$e /an.
    near/%1 ,laming l#us ,l2ers n
    #$e 2a#ers arun" $im6 @$en #$e
    $# 2ea#$er =ame1 $e m+e" u(
    # )ulmarg a# :444 ,ee# 2$ere
    '#$e (l grun" 2as , real
    Englis$ #ur, an" #$ere 2as a =lu/
    2$ere 2e =ul" all mee# # se##le
    #$e a,,airs , #$e 2rl"'6
    T$e% $a" n# sl+e" #$e a,,airs
    , #$e 2rl"1 #$se %ung
    ,,i=ers , #$e In"ian Arm%6 Bu#
    2i#$ #$eir ri,les #raine" 2i#$
    e'ual a(lm/ n #$e #igers ,
    Bengal r #$e re/ellius #ri/es ,
    In"ia's #umul#uus ,rn#iers1 2i#$
    #$eir /arra=.Drm /alla"s1 #$eir
    /urra (egs , 2$is.%1 #$eir
    (ugree sun $elme#s an" #$eir
    (l s#i=.s1 #$e% $a" /een #$e
    (ru" guar"ians , $is#r%'s
    grea#es# em(ire6
    T$e !irs# @rl" @ar /egan #$e
    Arm%'s se=n" grea#
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #rans,rma#in6 !rm 373: n1
    #en (la=es a %ear a# San"$urs#
    2ere reser+e" ,r In"ian =a"e#s6
    In 37?51 an In"ian Mili#ar%
    A=a"em% (a##erne" n
    San"$urs# 2as es#a/lis$e" a#
    De$ra Dun6 T$e %ung In"ians
    #$se ins#i#u#ins (r"u=e" 2ere
    in"is#inguis$a/le ,rm #$e
    Bri#is$ ,,i=ers n 2$m #$e%
    2ere m"elle"6 A/+e all1 #$e
    Bri#is$ su==ee"e" in e,,a=ing
    amng #$em #$e =mmunal
    "i+isins a,,li=#ing #$eir su/D
    =n#inen# an" in,using #$em 2i#$
    a =mmn l%al#% # arm% an"
    regimen#6
    EC(an"e" # 5D0 millin men /%
    37A01 #$e In"ian Arm% ,ug$#
    2i#$ "is#in=#in in @rl" @ar II
    in I#al%1 #$e @es#ern Deser# an"
    Burma6 N21 ne mre
    ine+i#a/le /%D(r"u=# , #$e
    "e=isin # (ar#i#in In"ia1 #$e
    ,r=e 2$se grea#es# (ri"e $a"
    /een i#s immuni#% #
    =mmunalism1 2ul" $a+e # /e
    /r.en u( n #$se +er% lines6
    > T$e ,ra#ernal s(iri# ins(ire" /%
    =mmn ser+i=e in #$e In"ian
    Arm% 2ul" en"ure1 $2e+er1
    #$rug$ all #$e #ru/le" %ears #
    =me6 One "a%1 a 'uar#er , a
    =en#ur% la#er1 a,#er In"ia an"
    Pa.is#an $a" ,a=e" ea=$ #$er n
    #$e /a##le,iel" ,r #$e #$ir" #ime1
    a gru( , Pa.is#an Armure"
    &r(s ,,i=ers sug$# u# a
    =m(ara/le In"ian uni# # 2$m
    # surren"er a# #$e en" , #$e
    Bangla"es$ 2ar6 T$e% ,inall%
    l=a#e" an In"ian =a+alr% ,,i=er
    in #$e /ar , a ne2l%D=n'uere"
    =lu/6 Be,re a==e(#ing #$eir
    surren"er1 #$e In"ian insis#e" n
    s#an"ing #$em a run" , "rin.s6
    A mimegra($e" ,rm
    su/mi##e" # ea=$ In"ian ,,i=er
    , #$e arm% earl% in Jul% 2as #$e
    +e$i=le , i#s "es#ru=#in6 I#
    re'ues#e" ea=$ man # s(e=i,%
    2$e#$er $e 2is$e" # ser+e in
    #$e In"ian r Pa.is#an Arm%6 T$e
    =$i=e raise" n (r/lem ,r #$e
    arm%'s Hin"u an" Si.$ ,,i=ersT
    Jinna$ "i" n# 2an# #$em in $is
    arm% an" 2i#$u# eC=e(#in #$e%
    =$se # ser+e In"ia6
    !r #$se Mslems 2$se
    ,amil% $mes 2ul" s#ill /e
    l=a#e" in In"ia a,#er (ar#i#in1
    $2e+er1 #$a# sim(le s$ee# ,
    (a(er (se" an a2,ul "ilemma6
    S$ul" #$e% 2al. a2a% ,rm
    #$eir lan"s1 #$eir an=es#ral
    $mes1 ,#en #$eir ,amilies1 #
    ser+e #$e arm% , a s#a#e 2$i=$
    =laime" #$eir allegian=e sim(l%
    /e=ause #$e% 2ere Mslem? Or
    s$ul" #$e% remain /e$in" in #$e
    lan" # 2$i=$ s man% #ies
    /un" #$em1 a==e(#ing #$e ris.
    #$a# an#iDMslem sen#imen#
    2ul" s#i,le #$eir =areers?
    One , #$se 2$ agniQe" +er
    $is "e=isin 2as L#D&l Enai#l
    Ha/i/ulla$1 a +e#eran , El
    Alamein6 Ha/i/ulla$ ,inall% #.
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    a 2ee.en" lea+e an" 2en# # $is
    ,amil% $me in Lu=.n2 2$ere
    $is ,a#$ei $a" /een +i=eD
    =$an=ellr , #$e Uni+ersi#% an"
    2$ere $is m#$e 2as a ,ana#i=al
    su((r#er , Pa.is#an6
    A,#er lun=$1 $e /rr2e" $is
    ,a#$er's =ar an" "r+e arun" #$
    s#ree#s , Lu=.n26 He
    =n#em(la#e" #$e $mes , $is
    an=es#r! me"ie+al /arns in #$e
    .ing"m , Ou"$1 #$e ,amus
    Resi"en=e s#i s=arre" /% #$e
    s$ells , #$e 3:08 Mu#in%6 '!r
    #$is m% an=es#rs gaU #$eir li+es1'
    $e #$ug$#1 '#$is is #$e In"ia I
    "ream# , a# s=$l i Englan"
    an" un"er #$e s$ells , #$e
    )ermans n #$e @es#ern Deser
    T$is is m% $me1 #$is is 2$ere I
    /elng6 I s$all s#a%6'
    !r MaBr Ya=u/ *$an1 a
    %ung Mslem ,,i=er in #$e
    -i=erB /"%guar"1 #$e "e=isin
    2as #$e ms# im(r#an# in $is
    li,e6 He1 # 2en# # (n"er $is
    "e=isin a# $is ,amil% $me in
    #$e (rin=el% s#a , Ram(ur
    2$ere $is ,a#$er 2as Prime
    Minis#er # $is un=le # Na2a/6
    T$en1 2$en #$e% /rug$# in #$eir
    uni# # la% "2n #$eir arms1 #$e
    In"ians Pa.is#anis 2$'" Bus#
    ,inis$e" .illing ea=$ #$er in #$e
    ri=e (a""ies , Ber rganiQe" a
    run" , $=.e% an" ,#/all
    ma#=$es6
    T$e s=an"aliQe" irregulars ,
    S$ei.$ MuBi/ur Ra$man sen# a
    +igrus #es# # Ne2 Del$i6
    !rm #$e ,,i=e , In"ira )an"$i
    =ame a s$ar( message #; In"ian
    =mman"er6 He 2as engage"1 i#
    remin"e" $im1 'in 2ar1 n#
    =ri=.e#6>
    Tense 2i#$ em#in1 $e
    re"is=+ere" $is ,amil% mansin
    nV "r # $is un=le's sum(#uus
    (ala=e6 He $a" s man% $a(
    memries , #$a# $useH a
    $un"re" gues#s "ining ,, $is
    ,amil

    gl" ser+i=e a# &$ris#masT #$eir
    s$#sT #$e guns $ea"ing in# #$e
    Bungle n #$e rlling /a=.s ,
    #2en#% r #$ir#% ele($an#sT #$e
    ,a/ulus /alls #$a# ,ll2e"
    #$em1 a ,ull r=$es#ra (la%ing in
    $is un=le's (ala=e1 #$e lng lines
    , RllsDR%=es "ra2ing u( #
    i#s "rs1 #$e =$am(agne
    ,l2ing6 He remem/ere" #$e
    #en#s line" 2i#$ sil. an" sa#in
    =us$ins an" eC'uisi#e rien#al
    =ar(e#s (i#=$e" in #$e mi"s# ,
    #$e Bungle1 =ramme" 2i#$
    "eli=a=ies ,r #$eir (i=ni=s6 He
    2an"ere" run" $is un=le's
    (ala=e1 sa+uring i#s $ea#e"
    s2imming (l1 i#s grea#
    /an'ue# $all 2i#$ ils , -i=#ria
    an" )erge -6 I# 2as an#$er
    li,e1 $e #$ug$#1 ne "es#ine" #
    "isa((ear in #$e S=ialis# In"ia
    #$a# 2ul" emerge ,rm
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    (ar#i#in6 @$a# (la=e 2ul" #$a#
    In"ia $a+e ,r smene li.e $im1
    Mslem ,,s(ring , a (rin=el%
    ,amil%?
    T$a# e+ening $e #rie" # eC(lain
    $is "e=isin # $is> m#$erH $e
    2as ging # lea+e e+er%#$ing
    /e$in" an" g # Pa.is#an6
    'Yu $a+e li+e" %ur li,e1' $e #l"
    $is m#$er1 'mine lies a$ea" ,
    me6 I " n# #$in. #$ere 2ill /e a
    ,u#ure ,r Mslems in In"ia a,#er
    (ar#i#in6'
    T$e l" 2man l.e" a# $im1
    $al, angr%1 $al, in "is/elie,6 'I "
    n# un"ers#an" all #$is1' s$e sai"6
    '@e $a+e li+e" $ere ,r #2
    =en#uries6 FHam $a2a .i
    lan.$n "arara a%e1F' s$e
    "e=lare" in Ur"u1 '2e "es=en"e"
    n #$e (lains , In"ia n #$e
    2ings , #$e 2in"6 @e $a+e seen
    #$e sa=.ing , Del$i6 @e'+e li+e"
    #$e Mu#in%6 Yur ,re,a#$ers
    ,ug$# #$e Bri#is$ ,r #$is lan"6
    Yur grea# gran",a#$er 2as
    eCe=u#e" in #$e Mu#in%6 @e
    ,ug$#1 ,ug$# an" ,ug$#6 An"
    n2 2e $a+e ,un" a $me $ere6
    Our gra+es are $ere1' s$e sa"l%
    n#e"6
    'I'm l"1' s$e =n=lu"e"1 'm%
    "a%s are num/ere"6 I "n'#
    un"ers#an" (li#i=s /u# as a
    m#$er m% "esires are sel,is$6 I
    am a,rai" #$is 2ill se(ara#e us6'
    N1 $er sn (r#es#e"6 I# 2ul"
    /e as sim(le as i, $e 2ere
    s#a#ine" in *ara=$i ins#ea" ,
    Del$i6
    He le,# #$e neC# mrning6 I# 2as
    a /eau#i,ul summer "a%6 His
    m#$er 2re a 2$i#e sari1 #$e
    Mslem =lur , murning1 an"
    i# u#line" $er li.e a /rig$# s#ain
    agains# #$e sm/re san"s#ne ,
    #$e $use /e$in" $er6 S$e ma"e
    $er sn (ass un"er #$e *ran
    2$i=$ s$e $el" +er $is $ea"1
    #$en #a.e #$e Hl% B. in $is
    $an"s an" .iss i#6 Tge#$er #$e%
    re=i#e" a ,e2 , i#s +erses as a
    (ar#ing (ra%er6 @$en $er las#
    2r"s $a" /een u##ere"1 $is
    m#$er (u,,e" $er =$ee.s an"
    gen#l% /le2 $er /rea#$ #2ar"s
    $er sn # ma.e sure $er (ra%er
    2ul" ,ll2 $im6
    As $e (ene" #$e "r , #$e
    ,amil% Pa=.ar" 2ai#ing # #a.e
    $im # #$e s#a#in1 Ya=u/ *$an
    #urne" # 2a+e g"/%e6 Ere=#1
    "igni,ie" in $er sa"ness1 #$e
    el"erl% 2man =ul" nl% n" in
    re(l%6 Be$in" $er ,rm #$e
    2in"2s , #$e mansin1 a s=re
    , #ur/ane" ser+an#s ges#ure"
    #$eir las# 'Salaams'6 One , #$se
    2in"2s ga+i n # #$e rm
    #$a# Ya=u/ *$an $a" use" as a
    %ung man6 I# 2a s#ill (a=.e"
    2i#$ $is =ri=.e# (a"s an"
    ($#gra($ al/ums1 #$e =u( $e'"
    2n a# (l1 all #$e memra/ilia
    , $is %u#$6 T$ere 2as m $urr%1
    $e #$ug$#6 On=e $e'" se##le" in
    Pa.is#an $e'" =me /a=. #V (i=.
    i# all u(6
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    Ya=u/ *$an 2as1 , =urse1
    2rng6 He 2ul" ne+er re#urn #
    $i ,amil% $me nr 2ul" $e see
    $is m#$er again6 In a ,e2 mn#$
    #ime1 $e 2ul" /e lea"ing a
    /a##alin , #$e Pa.is#an Arm%
    u( a sn+ =+ere" sl(e in
    *as$mir1 assaul#ing a (si#in
    $el" /% men 2$ $a /een $is
    /r#$er ,,i=ers6 Amng #$e uni#s
    see.ing # s#em $is a"+anV
    2ul" /e a =m(an% , #$e
    )ar$2al Regimen#6 I#s
    =mman"er 2ul /e1 li.e
    Ya=u/ *$an1 a Mslem6 Unli.e
    Ya=u/ *$an1 $2e+e $e ma"e
    #$e #$er "e=isin in Jul% 37A86
    He ele=#e" # remain H #$e lan"
    , $is /ir#$6 He1 #1 2as ,rm
    Ram(ur6 His name1 #1 2T
    *$an1 Yunis *$an6 He 2as
    Ya=u/'s el"er /r#$er6 37 33 ;4
    ;
    > > > F U0'O'Y
    T$e /ur"en , =arr%ing u# #$e
    ms# =m(leC #as. in+l+e" in
    In"iT (ar#i#in 2as # ,all u(n
    ne lnel% man la/uring in
    June 37 in #$e Di=.ensian glm
    , $is la2 =$am/ers a# ? Ne2
    S'ua Lin=ln's Inn1 Ln"n6
    Sin=e $e $a" =me "2n ,rm
    OC,r" 2i#l ,irs# in )rea#s an"
    an All Suls' !ell2s$i(1 an aura
    , /rilliai $a" $ung +er Sir
    &%ril Ra"=li,,e as sme men are
    surrun"e" /% aura , sain#liness
    r ra,,is$ness6 T$e sn , a
    2eal#$% s(r#smT Ra"=li,,e $a"
    ,ll2e" #$e la2 2i#$ a (assin
    =m(ara/le # #l 2i#$ 2$i=$ $is
    ,a#$er $a" s(en# $is li,e (ursuing
    ($easan# # gruse6 A slig$#l%
    s#u# man 2i#$ a "e=e(#i+el%
    /enign regar"1 R =li,,e1 i# 2as
    generall% a=.n2le"ge"1 2as #$e
    ms# /rillian# /arris in Englan"6
    Des(i#e $is en=%=l(ae"i=
    .n2le"ge , a +as# arra% ,
    su/Be $2e+er1 Ra"=li,,e .ne2
    +ir#uall% n#$ing a/u# In"ia6 He
    $a" ne 2ri##en a/u# i# nr
    /e=me in+l+e" in an% , i#s
    =m(leC 3; (r/lems6 In"ee"1
    Ra"=li,,e $a" ne+er e+en se# ,#
    n #$e s =n#inen#6 Para"Ci=all%1
    i# 2as ,r #$a# +er% reasn #$a#
    $e summne" ,rm $is =$am/ers
    # #$e ,,i=e , #$e Lr" &$an=e
    n #$e a,#ernn , 58 June i7A86
    T$e =en#ral (r/lem le,#
    unresl+e" /% Mun#/a##en's
    (ar#i (lan 2as 2$ere #$e
    /un"ar% lines "i+i"ing #$e
    (r+in=es , Be an" #$e PunBa/
    2ere # ,all6 A2are #$a# #$e%
    #$emsel+es =ul" e agree n a
    line1 Ne$ru an" Jinna$1 #$e Lr"
    &$an=ellr eC(lains Ra"=li,,e1
    $a" "e=i"e" # (la=e #$e #as. in
    #$e $an"s , a /un =mmissin
    2$se =$airman 2ul" /e a
    "is#inguis$e" En /arris#er6 T$e
    man nee"e" ,r #$a# B/ 2as
    smene 2i#$u# In"ian
    eC(erien=e6 An%ne 2$ .ne2
    #$e =un#r% 2as =er#ain # /e
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    "is'uali,ie" as (reBu"i=e" /% ne
    si"e r #$e #$er6 Ra"=li,,e's
    a"mira/le legal re(u#a#in an"
    $is e'uall% a"mira/le ignran=e
    , In"ia ma"e $im1 #$e Lr"
    &$an=ellr (in#e" u#1 #$e i"eal
    =an"i"a#e6
    Ra"=li,Te sa# /a=. ag$as#6 He
    /arel% .ne2 2$ere #$e PunBa/
    an" Bengal 2ere6 Tr%ing #
    "i+i"e #$em 2as #$e las# B/ in
    #$e 2rl" $e 2an#e"6 I, $e 2as
    ignran# , In"ia1 $e .ne2
    enug$ , Bu"i=ial (r=ee"ings
    # realiQe i# 2ul" /e a #$an.less
    #as.6 Li.e man% Englis$men ,
    $is age an" /a=.grun"1
    $2e+er1 Ra"=li,,e 2as a man
    2i#$ a "ee( sense , "u#%6
    Englan"'s rela#ins$i( # In"ia
    $a" /een uni'ue an" i,1 a# #$is
    =ri#i=al Bun=#ure1 #2 In"ian
    lea"ers 2$ 2ere a/le # agree
    n +ir#uall% n#$ing else $a"
    =n=urre" n #$e a((in#men# ,
    $im1 an Englis$man1 # #$is
    a((alling #as.1 #$en $e ,el# $e
    $a" n =$i=e /u# # a==e(#6
    An $ur la#er1 ,r Ra"=li,,e's
    /ene,i#1 #$e Permanen# Un"er
    Se=re#ar% a# #$e In"ia O,,i=e
    un,l"e" a ma( , #$e su/D
    =n#inen# n $is "es.6 As $is
    ,inger #ra=e" #$e =urse , #$e
    )anges an" #$e In"us1 #$e green
    s#ain re(resen#ing #$e PunBa/
    (lain1 #$e 2$i#e =res# lines , #$e
    Himala%as1 Ra"=li,,e "is=+ere"
    ,r #$e ,irs# #ime #$e u#lines ,
    #$e enrmus (r+in=es $e'"
    agree" # "i+i"eH :: millin
    (e(le1 #$eir $mes an" $+els1
    #$eir ri=eD(a""ies1 Bu#e ,iel"s1
    r=$ar"s an" (as#ures1 rail2a%s
    an" ,a=#ries1 3801444 s'uare
    miles , #$e ear#$'s sur,a=e all
    a/s#ra=#e" "2n # a ,la# (ie=e ,
    =lure" (a(er n a /ureau=ra#'s
    "es. in Ln"n6
    An" n21 n a similar (ie=e ,
    (a(er1 $e 2as ging # $a+e #
    "ra2 #$e line 2$i=$ 2ul" se+er
    #$se en#i#ies as surel% as a
    surgen's s=al(el se+ers #$e /ne
    an" mus=le , a lim/ in an
    am(u#a#in6
    Ra"=li,,e's las# mee#ing /e,re
    $is "e(ar#ure ,r Ne2 Del$i #.
    (la=e in #$e gar"en , 34
    D2ning S#ree#6 &lemen# A##lee
    =n#em(la#e" 2i#$ a =er#ain
    (ri"e #$e man 2$se 2r.
    2ul"1 in a ,e2 2ee.s1 a,,e=# #$e
    li+es , mre In"ians #$an #$a# ,
    an% Englis$man in #$ree
    =en#uries , AnglDIn"ian
    $is#r%6
    T$e In"ian s=ene 2as mena=ing1
    A##lee a=.n2le"ge"1 /u# ne
    #$ing a# leas# ga+e $im grea#
    sa#is,a=#in6 H2 gra#i,%ing i#
    2as #$a# i# 2as an l"
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    2as /eing sen# u# # "ra2 a line
    #$rug$ #$e $melan"s , ::
    millin $uman /eings6
    > > > Luis
    Mun#/a##en $a" /arel% $a" #ime
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    # sa+ur $is #rium($ in
    2ringing an agreemen# ,rm
    In"ia's 2arring (li#i=ians /e,re
    an#$er1 e+en mre =m(leC
    (r/lem 2as #$rus# u(n $im6
    T$is
    #ime $is Ne2 Del$i in#erl=u#rs
    2ere n# ging # /e a $an",
    la2%ers #raine" a# #$e Inns ,
    &ur# /u# #$e 090 mem/ers ,
    Hig$ness Ya"a+in"ra$ Sing$'s
    ,l=. , gil"e" (ea==.s1 #$e ir
    raBas an" na2a/s , In"ia6
    T$ese un(re"i=#a/le1 +la#ile1
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    assem/le" in #$e Ma$araBa ,
    Pa#iala's &$am/er , Prin=es1 ,=
    #$e -i=er% # =n#em(la#e #$e
    nig$#mare #$a# $a" $aun#e" _ ,r
    =en#uries6 I, In"ia's (li#i=ians
    =ul" "i+i"e $er1 $er (r =ul"
    "es#r% $er6 T$e% mena=e" #$e
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    2i#$ a ,a#al ,ragmen#a#in in# a
    s=re , s#a#es1 #$rea#ene" #
    unleas$ a/ru(#l% all #$e
    ,issi(arus #en"en=ies ,
    religin1 regin1 an" language
    2$i=$ lur.e" Bus# /el2 #$e ,i
    sur,a=e , In"ian uni#%6 T$se
    (rin=es $a" (ri+a#e armies air
    ,r=esT #$e =a(a=i#% # "isru(#
    In"ia's railra"s1 (s#al
    muni=a#ins1 #ele($nes1
    #elegra($s1 e+en # al#er #$e
    ,lig$# (a# , $er =mmer=ial
    airlines6 T res(n" # #$eir
    (ressure ,r (en"en=e 2ul" /e
    # s#ar# #$e "isin#egra#in , #$e
    su/D=n#i T$e remains , #$e
    In"ian Em(ire 2ul" /e=me a
    =lle=#i= 2arring #erri#ries
    =er#ain # s#ir #$e en+% , In"ia's
    grea# neig$l &$ina6
    Sir &nra" &r,iel"'s se=re# #ri(
    # Ln"n $a" (r"u=e" a# a
    limi#e" su==ess6 T$e =a/ine# $a"
    a=.n2le"ge" #$a# in #$e 2as
    rig$# in arguing all #$se an=ien#
    (rerga#i+es #$e (rin=e! n=e
    surren"ere" # #$e *ing Em(err
    s$ul" n2 re#urn # # He $a"
    (ene" an es=a(e $a#=$ ,r $is
    (rin=es an" n2 $e $O $esi#a#in
    in urging #$e ms# im(r#an#
    amng #$em # use i#6
    'N ne1' Mun#/a##en n#e"
    2i#$ a =er#ain /i##erness in a r #
    Ln"n1 '$a" gi+en me #$e
    slig$#es# in"i=a#in #$a# #$e (re
    , #$e (rin=es 2as ging # /e as
    "i,,i=ul#1 i, n# mre "i,,i=ul#1
    #$a# , Bri#is$ In"ia6'
    !r#una#el% n ne 2as /e##er
    sui#e" # "eal 2i#$ In"ia's i #$an
    Mun#/a##en6 He 2as1 a,#er all1
    ne , #$eir 2n6 He $a" 2as #
    #$se rulers #$e ms# im(e==a/le
    , re,eren=es1 /l" # $al, #$e
    r%al $uses , Eur(e an"
    a/+e all1 # #$e =r2n #$a s
    lng s$el#ere" #$em6 In"ee"1
    Mun#/a##en $a" ,irs# "is= #$e
    ,a/le" In"ian Em(ire in #$e
    =m(an% , man% , #$e (H
    2$se #$rnes $e n2 (r(se"
    # li'ui"a#e6 T$e% $a" /ee $s#s
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    all alng $is eC#rar"inar%
    "%sse% 2i#$ $is =usin #$e 3 ,
    @ales6 Mun#/a##en $a" lur=$e"
    #$rug$ #$eir Bungles in ( ,
    #igers n #$e /a=.s , #$eir r%al
    ele($an#s6 He $a" "run. = (agne
    ,rm #$eir sil+er g/le#s1 ea#en
    #$e "eli=a=ies , #$e Orie #$eir
    gl" ser+i=es1 "an=e" un"er #$e
    =r%s#al =$an"eliers , /allrms
    2i#$ #$e girl 2$ 2ul" /e=me
    $is 2i,e6 Amr $an",ul , men
    in In"ia1 In"ian r Englis$1 =lse
    enug$ # #$e -i=er% # =all
    $im in (ri+a#e /% $is ,amiliar
    ni=.name 'Di=.ie'1 2ere se+eral
    (rin=el% ,rien"s a='uire" n #$a#
    #ri(6
    !r all $is r%al #ies an" $is
    ,rien"s$i( 2i#$ #$e (rin=es1
    $2e+er Mun#/a##en 2as a
    #ug$Dmin"e" realis#1 =mmi##e"
    # #$se li/eral (rin=i(les 2$i=$
    $a" ma"e $im a==e(#a/le # a
    La/ur g+ernmen#6 T$e (rin=es'
    ,a#$ers mig$# $a+e /een #$e
    sures# ,rien"s , #$e RaBT in #$e
    ne2 era (ening in In"ia1 Bri#ain
    2ul" $a+e # ,in" $er ,rien"s
    else2$ere1 amng #$e S=ialis#s
    , &ngress6 Mun#/a##en 2as
    "e#ermine" # es#a/lis$ #$se
    ,rien"s$i(s1 an" $e .ne2 $e 2as
    n# ging # " i# /%
    su/r"ina#ing In"ia's na#inal
    in#eres#s # #$se , a li##le =as#e
    , ana=$rnis#i= au#=ra#s6
    T$e /es# $e =ul" " ,r $is
    ,rien"s 2as # #r% # sa+e #$em
    ,rm #$emsel+es1 ,rm #$e
    ,an#asies1 #$e megalmania=
    "reams i# $a" /een s eas% #
    nur#ure in #$e (ri+ilege"
    isla#in , #$eir s#a#es6 Sin=e
    $e'" /een a %ung man1 ne
    #erri/le +isin $a" al2a%s
    $aun#e" Mun#/a##en an" =ul"1
    e+en in 37A81 /ring #ears # $is
    e%es6 I# 2as a sig$# $e'" ,#en
    imagine"1 #$e grisl% s(e=#a=le ,
    #$e =ellar , E.a#erin/urg in
    373: 2$ere $is un=le #$e Tsar
    an" #$e =usins 2i#$ 2$m $e'"
    (la%e"1 in=lu"ing Marie1 #$e
    (rin=ess $e'" se=re#l% $(e" #
    marr%1 2ere mur"ere"6 T$ere
    2ere1 $e .ne21 $#$ea"s amng
    #$e (rin=es , In"ia irres(nsi/le
    enug$ # laun=$ #$emsel+es n
    a"+en#ures #$a# =ul" #urn #$eir
    (ala=es in# =$arnel $uses li.e
    #$e Tsar's =ellar6 T$e =urse $is
    2n Pli#i=al Se=re#ar%1
    &r,iel"1 2an#e" sme , #$em
    # ,ll2 =ul" lea" # Bus# #$a#6
    Man% , #$se (rin=es assume"
    Mun#/a##en 2as ging # /e
    #$eir sa+iur1 #$a# $e 2as ging
    # (er,rm #$e mira=le #$a#
    2ul" (reser+e #$em an" #$eir
    (ri+ilege" eCis#en=e6 He 2as n#6
    He $a" nei#$er #$e (2er nr #$e
    "esire6 Ins#ea"1 $e 2as ging #
    #r% # =n+in=e $is "ear an"
    li,elng ,rien"s #$a# #$eir nl%
    =urse 2as # g 'uie# an"
    un(r#es#ing in# /li+in6
    He 2an#e" #$em # a/an"n an%
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    =laims # in"e(en"en=e an" #
    (r=laim #$eir rea"iness # Bin
    ei#$er In"ia r Pa.is#an /e,re
    30 Augus#6 He1 in re#urn1 2as
    (re(are" # use $is +i=eregal
    au#$ri#% 2i#$ Ne$ru an" Jinna$
    # se=ure as #$e (ri=e , #$eir =D
    (era#in #$e /es# arrangemen#s
    (ssi/le ,r #$eir (ersnal
    ,u#ures6
    Mun#/a##en (r(se" $is "eal
    ,irs# # -alla/$/$ai Pa#el1 #$e
    In"ian minis#er res(nsi/le ,r
    "ealing 2i#$ #$e s#a#es6 I,
    &ngress1 Mun#/a##en sai"1
    2ul" agree # all2 #$e (rin=es
    # re#ain #$eir #i#les1 (ala=es1
    (ri+% (urses1 immuni#% ,rm
    arres#1 rig$# # Bri#is$
    "e=ra#ins an" 'uasiD"i(lma#i=
    s#a#us1 $e1 in #urn1 2ul" #r% #
    (ersua"e #$em # sign an A=# ,
    A==essin renun=ing #$eir
    #em(ral (2er1 a==e"ing # #$e
    In"ian Unin an" a/an"ning
    #$eir =lai # in"e(en"en=e6>
    I# 2as a #em(#ing ,,er Pa#el
    .ne2 #$ere 2as n ne in #
    &ngress ran.s 2$ =ul" ri+al
    Mun#/a##en's au#$ri#% in "eali
    2i#$ #$e (rin=es6 Bu#1 $e #l" #$e
    -i=er%1 'i#'s g# # /e e+er%/=
    I, %u =an /ring me a /as.e#
    ,ille" 2i#$ e+er% a((le ,, #$e
    #ree1 _ /u% i#6 I, i# $asn'# g# all
    #$e a((les1 I 2n'#6'
    '@ul" %u lea+e me a "Qen?'
    #$e -i=er% as.e"6
    FT$a#'s # man%1' Pa#el reBine"1
    'I'll le# %u $a+e #26'
    'T ,e21' Mun#/a##en sai"6
    !r a ,e2 minu#es1 #$e las#
    -i=er% an" In"ia's ,u#ure Minis
    , S#a#es /argaine" li.e =ar(e#
    mer=$an#s +er #$se s#a#es 2$i
    en=m(asse" a ((ula#in #2
    #$ir"s #$a# , #$e USA6 !inall%1
    #$ agree" n a ,igureH siC6 T$a#
    $ar"l% lig$#ene" #$e ,rmi"a/le
    #a /e,re Mun#/a##en6 !i+e
    $un"re" an" siC#%D,i+e (rin=es
    minus an" a ,e2 mre ,r
    Pa.is#an1 #$a# s#ill le,#
    Mun#/a##en 2i#$ = 004 a((les
    # (lu=. ,rm a resis#an# #ree in
    #$e ,e2 2ee.s rema ing /e,re
    30 Augus#6
    T$e ,,er Ja2a$arlal Ne$ru 2as
    ma.ing 2as #$e ms# eC#rar"im
    an Englis$man 2ul" e+er
    re=ei+e ,rm an In"ian6 I# 2ul"
    remT uni'ue in #$e annals ,
    "e=lniQa#in6 In #$e +i=eregal
    s#u"% 2$i=$ #$e% $a" s(en# s
    man% anCius $urs #ge#$er1
    Ja2a$ai Ne$ru ,rmall% as.e"
    #$e las# -i=er%1 #$e las#
    ==u(an# , #$e #$n 2$i=$ $a"
    s%m/liQe" #$e (2er agains#
    2$i=$ s man% In"iT $a" /een
    s#ruggling1 # /e=me #$e ,irs#
    ==u(an# , #$e m illus#rius
    ,,i=e an in"e(en"en# In"ia
    2ul" $a+e # ,,er1 #$a# ,
    )+ernrD)eneral6
    T$e germ , Ne$ru's i"ea $a"
    =me ,rm $is ri+al Jinn
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    AnCius # ma.e sure Pa.is#an
    re=ei+e" i#s ,air s$are , #$e s
    =n#inen#'s asse#s1 Jinna$ $a"
    sugges#e" #$a# Mun#/a##en s#a%
    a,#er 30 Augus# as a .in" ,
    su(reme ar/i#er1 un#il #$eir
    "i+isin =m(le#e"6
    Des(i#e #$e magni#u"e , #$e
    $nur /eing ,,ere" $im1 Mi
    /a##en $a" gra+e reser+a#ins
    a/u# a==e(#ing i#1 as "i" $is
    2i,e1 $a" su==ee"e" /rillian#l% in
    $is ,ur mn#$s in In"ia6 He an"
    2i,e =ul" n2 g u# as #$e%
    $a" $(e" 'in a /laQe , gir%'6
    He nl% # 2ell a2are #$a#
    #ru/les lme" a$ea" an" i, $e
    s#a%e;
    > T$e #erms , #$eir a==r" 2ere
    e+en#uall% ens$rine"1 as a ,inal
    assuran #$e (rin=es1 in In"ia's
    =ns#i#u#in6 T #$e las#
    -i=er%'s grea# "is#ress1 I
    Minis#er In"ira )an"$i1 a,#er a
    lng series , maneu+res1
    ,inall% su==ee" /%(assing i#s
    (r+isins in 378? an"
    #ermina#ing #$e s(e=ial s#a#us
    a==r"e (rin=es6
    P6M6
    #$e% =ul" #arnis$ $is earlier
    a=$ie+emen#s6 An" i, $e 2as #
    ,un=#in (r(erl%1 $e ,el# $e
    2ul" $a+e # $a+e a similar
    ,,er ,rm Jinna$6
    T$e "%ing Mslem lea"er1
    $2e+er1 =ul" n# resis# #$e
    (m(1 #$e gau"% =eremnials ,
    #$e #( ,,i=e , #$e S#a#e ,r
    2$i=$ $e'" 2r.e" s $ar"6 He
    $imsel,1 $e #l" Mun#/a##en1
    2ul" /e Pa.is#an's ,irs#
    )+ernrD)eneral6
    E Bu#1 Mun#/a##en (r#es#e"1
    $e'" (i=.e" #$e 2rng B/6
    Un"er #$e Bri#is$ =ns#i#u#inal
    (r=ess 2$i=$ 2ul" (re+ail in
    #$e #2 "minins1 i# 2as #$e
    Prime Minis#er 2$ $a" all #$e
    (2er6 T$e )+ernrD)eneral's
    rle 2as a s%m/li= ne a.in #
    #$e s+ereign's 2i#$ n real
    (2er a##a=$e" # i#6
    His argumen# "i" n# m+e
    Jinna$6 Tn Pa.is#an1' $e =l"l%
    re(lie"1 'I 2ill /e )+ernrD
    )eneral an" #$e Prime Minis#er
    2ill " 2$a# I #ell $im # "6'
    A##lee1 &$ur=$ill1 $is =usin #$e
    *ing1 all =ns=ius , #$e
    grea#ness , #$e $nur /eing
    (ai" Englan" /% Ne$ru's ,,er1
    urge" Mun#/a##en # a==e(# i#6
    S1 #1 "i" Jinna$6
    Be,re $e =ul" a==e(#1
    $2e+er1 #$e /lessing , ne
    man 2as ne=essar%6 T$a# #$e
    man 2$ $a" enun=ia#e" #$e
    "=#rine , nn+ilen=e 2ul"
    =nsen# # ins#alling as
    in"e(en"en# In"ia's ,irs# =$ie, ,
    s#a#e a man 2$se li,e $a" /een
    "e+#e" # #$e s=ien=e , 2ar,are
    seeme" a# ,irs# un#$in.a/le6
    Besi"es1 #$e Ma$a#ma1 in a
    =$ara=#eris#i=all% 'uiC#i=
    ges#ure1 $a" alrea"% gi+en #$e
    2rl" $is i"eal nminee ,r #$e
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    (s#H an Un#u=$a/le s2ee(er
    girl ', s#u# $ear#1 in=rru(#i/le
    an" =r%s#alDli.e in $er (uri#%'6
    !r all #$eir "i,,eren=es1
    $2e+er1 a real a,,ini#% $a"
    gr2n u( /e#2een )an"$i an"
    #$e a"miral #$ir#% %ears $is
    Bunir6 Mun#/a##en 2as
    ,as=ina#e" /% )an"$i6 He l+e"
    $is (u=.is$ $umur6 !rm #$e
    mmen# $e'" arri+e"1 $e $a"
    reBe=#e" all #$e RaB s#ere#%(es
    an" l.e" n #$e Ma$a#ma an"
    $is i"eas 2i#$ an (en min"6
    @i#$ ea=$ , #$eir mee#ings $is
    (ersnal a,,e=#in ,r )an"$i
    $a" gr2n6
    ;,S)an"$i1 an a,,e=#ina#e man
    $imsel,1 $a" sense"
    Mun#/a##en's I 2arm#$ an"
    res(n"e" # i#6 One Jul%
    a,#ernn1 #$e man 2$ $a"
    s(en# s man% %ears in Bri#is$
    Bails 2al.e" in# #$e -i=er%'s
    s#u"%6 T$ere )an"$i as.e"
    Mun#/a##en # a==e(#
    &ngress's in+i#a#in # /e=me
    #$e ,irs# )+ernrD)eneral , #$e
    na#in i# $a" #a.en $im ?0 %ears
    # 2res# ,rm $is =un#r%men6
    )an"$i's 2r"s 2ere an
    immense (ersnal #ri/u#e #
    Mun#/a##en an" an e'uall%
    immense #ri/u#e # #$e Bri#is$6
    L.ing a# $im1 ls# in $is
    enrmus arm=$air1
    Mun#/a##en 2as +er2$elme"1
    i '@e'+e Baile" $#m1 2e'+e
    $umilia#e" $im1 2e?+= s=rne"
    $im6 @e'+e
    ignre" $im1' $e #$ug$#1 'an" $e
    s#ill $as #$e grea#ness , s(iri# #
    ; " #$is6' Tu=$e" alms# #
    #ears1 Mun#/a##en #$an.e"
    )an"$i ,r B $is en=urageinen#B
    I )an"$i a=.n2le"ge" $is
    2r"s 2i#$ /arel% a n" an"
    =n#inue" $is s(ee=$6 @i#$ a
    2a+e , $is "eli=a#e $an"1 $e
    in"i=a#e" #$e s2ee( , -i=er%'s
    Huse an" i#s grea# Mg$ul
    gar"ens6 All #$is1 $e sai" # #$e
    -i=er% 2$ l+e" e+er% regal
    in=$ , #$e (la=e1 2$ re+elle"
    in i#s (m(1 i#s (agean#r% an"
    glamur1 2$ "elig$#e" in i#T
    ser+an#s1 i#s =uisine1 2$
    sa+ure" e+er% ne , i#s
    luCuries1 all #$is 2ul" $a+e #
    g in an in"e(en"en# In"ia6 I#s
    arrgan# (ulen=e i#s
    ass=ia#ins 2i#$ #$e (as#1 2ere
    an a,,rn# # In"ia's im(+eris$ei
    masses6 Her ne2 lea"ers 2ul"
    $a+e # se# an eCam(le6 Munl
    /a##en as #$eir ,irs# =$ie, , s#a#e
    2ul"1 $e $(e"1 gi+e #$e lea=
    M+e u# , -i=er%'s Huse
    an" li+e in a sim(le $me 2i#$#
    ser+an#s1 $e urge"6 Lu#%ens'
    (ala=e =ul" /e =n+er#e" in# a
    $ (i#al6
    Mun#/a##en s#i,,ene" an" a 2r%
    smile =rsse" $is ,a=e6 @i
    )an"$i1 $e #$ug$#1 $e's all /u#
    as.ing me # =lean u# m% U
    #ile#6 A##lee1 #$e *ing1 Ne$ru
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    an" Jinna$ 2ere #$rus#ing $im
    in#= #as. a/u# 2$i=$ $e $a" #$e
    gra+es# ,re/"ings6 An" n2 #!
    "elig$#,ul1 "e+ilis$ l" man 2as
    #r%ing # #urn $im in# In"ia's ,i
    S=ialis#1 a s%m/li= lea"er
    (resi"ing +er a ,i,#$ , man.in"
    ,r sme s(ar#an /ungal2 2$i=$
    $e'" $a+e # s2ee( u# $imsel, e
    mrning6
    T$e gleaming 2$i#eness ,
    Luis Mun#/a##en's s#u"%
    seeme= Sir &%ril Ra"=li,,e a
    2rl" a2a% ,rm #$e ,re/"ing
    glm , 2n la2 =$am/ers1 a
    "i,,eren=e alms# as grea# as #$a#
    /e#2een "es=ri(#in , $is #as.
    $e'" re=ei+e" in Ln"n an" #$e
    ne $e ge##ing ,rm #$e -i=er%
    $urs a,#er $is arri+al in Ne2
    Del$i6
    In #$er%1 Mun#/a##en
    eC(laine"1 $e 2as # /e assis#e"
    /% ( , ,ur Bu"ges in ea=$
    (r+in=e 2$ 2ere su((se" #
    su/mi# #= Bin# re=mmen"a#ins
    as # 2$ere #$e /un"ar% lines
    s$ul" In ,a=# $e alne 2ul"
    $a+e # a==e(# #$e res(nsi/ili#%
    ,r m all #$e "e=isins as i# 2as
    ms# unli.el% #$a# #$se Bu"ges1
    se /% #$e =n,li=#ing (ar#ies #
    ser+e as a"+=a#es , #$eir "il
    (in#s , +ie21 2ul" e+er /e
    a/le # agree n an%#$ing6
    He 2as # "ra2 $is /un"ar%
    lines 'as=er#aining #$e =n#i
    maBri#% areas , Mslems an"
    nnDMslems'6 In "ing s $e
    '#a.e in# a==un# #$er ,a=#rs'6
    N ne $a" an% in#en#in ing
    u# ,r $im 2$a# #$se #$er
    ,a=#rs s$ul" /e r 2$a# $e
    s$ul" gi+e #$em6 T " s
    2ul" $a+e le" Ne$ru an" JinnT
    an#$er , #$eir unen"ing
    argumen#s6


    Irni=all%1 #$e ne s(e=i,i=
    =ri#erin $e 2as gi+en 2as /ase"
    n a ##all% errneus
    assum(#in6 &n+in=e" #$a#
    ,u#ure rela#ins /e#2een In"ia
    an" Pa.is#an 2ul" /e ,rien"l%1
    #$e &mman"erDinD&$ie, , #$e
    In"ian Arm%1 !iel"DMars$al Sir
    &lau"e Au=$iule=.1 au#$riQe"
    Ra"=li,,e # ignre #$e elemen#s
    2$i=$ 2ere usuall% #$e ,irs#
    =n=ern , a na#in in se##ing i#s
    ,rn#iers1 =nsi"era#ins ,
    "e,en=e6
    T$se (in#s1 $2e+er1 2ere
    nl% (reliminar% Bl#s /e,re #$e
    real s$=. a2ai#ing Ra"=li,,e6
    T$ug$ $is #as. (rmise" # /e
    "i,,i=ul#1 Ra"=li,,e $a" =me #
    Del$i =n+in=e" $e 2ul" a#
    leas# $a+e #$e #ime an" ,a=ili#ies
    # =arr% i# u# in a "eli/era#e1
    Bu"i=ius manner6
    N21 $e $ear" Mun#/a##en
    eC(lain1 i# 2as im(era#i+e $is
    "e=isin /e rea"% /% 30 Augus#1
    a "a#e nl% 2ee.s a2a%6
    Mun#/a##en's 2r"s mean# #$a#
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    $e 2ul" ne+er /e a/le e+en #
    glim(se #$e lan"s $e 2as
    su((se" # "i+i"e6 I, #$is a2,ul
    $as#e 2as reall% ,r=e" n $im1
    $e 2arne" Mun#/a##en1 errrs
    an" mis#a.es1 sme , #$em
    (er$a(s gra+e1 2ere /un" #
    =ree( in6
    Mun#/a##en a=.n2le"ge" #$a#
    $e 2as rig$#6 Bu# #$ere 2as n
    #ime6 In"ia 2ul" Bus# $a+e #
    a==e(# 2$a#e+er anmalies =re(#
    in# $is "e=isin as ine+i#a/le
    an" ne=essar%6 He 2ul" $a+e
    nl% ne se# , ins#ru=#ins #
    gi+e Ra"=li,,e1 /u# #$e% 2ul"
    /e ,irm nesH ,inis$ #$e B/ /%
    30 Augus#6S1 ^ [B; OD; LJr
    A s#u//rn1 in"e(en"en# man1
    Ra"=li,,e 2as n# ging # #a.e
    #$e -i=er%'s 2r" as ,inal6 He
    =alle" (ersnall% n /#$ Ne$ru
    an" Jinna$6 T ea=$ $e (u# #$e
    same 'ues#inH 2as i# a/slu#el%
    essen#ial # $a+e "e,ini#i+e
    (ar#i#in lines1 $2e+er
    "e,e=#i+e1 "ra2n /% 30 Augus#?
    B#$ insis#e" i# 2as6
    )i+en #$eir insis#en=e Ra"=li,,e
    $a" n =$i=e /u# # =m(l%6 I#
    2as n#1 $e realiQe"1 a surgen's
    s=al(el $e 2as ging # re'uire
    #
    (er,rm $is +i+ise=#in , #$e
    PunBa/ an" Bengal6 @$a# $e
    2ul"
    nee" 2as a /u#=$er's aCe6
    T$e PunBa/1 Jul% 37A8
    Barel% a "Qen miles ,rm #$e
    2in"2s , #$e -i=er%'s s#u"%
    /egan #$e ,irs# ,iel"s , ne ,
    #$e #2 grea# In"ian (r+in=es
    "es#ine" # /e se+ere" /% &%ril
    Ra"=li,,e's $an"1 #$e PunBa/6
    Ne+er $a" #$e granar% , In"ia
    (rmise" a $ar+es# as a/un"an#
    as #$e ne ri(ening in #$se
    gl"en ,iel"s , /arle%1 sun/urn#
    2$ea#1 un"ula#ing ran.s , =rn
    an" sugar =ane6 Alrea"%1 2i#$
    #$eir sl21 (ain,ul s$u,,le1 #$e
    /ull=.s lur=$e" alng #$e "us#%
    ra"s1 #ugging #$e 2"enD
    2$eele" (la#,rms n 2$i=$
    2ere $ea(e" #$e ,irs# ,rui# , #$e
    ri=$es# sil in In"ia6
    @i#$ ,e2 +aria#ins1 #$e +illages
    #2ar"s 2$i=$ #$e% s#raine" 2i
    i"en#i=alH a 2a#er #an. =+ere"
    /% a sli=. , green s=um 2$V
    2men /ea# #$eir =l#$es an"
    /%s1 ,li=.ing s2i#=$es1 2as$e"
    /laV "ungD=rus#e" 2a#er
    /u,,alesT a =lus#er ,
    mu"2alle" =m(ur in 2$i=$
    /u,,ales1 ga#s1 =2s1 "gs an"
    /are,# =$il"ren =$urr #$eir 2a%
    #$rug$ an.leD"ee( mu" an"
    (u""les , =2 urine e+a( a#ing
    in #$e sunT a $um(/a=.e" C
    (l""ing "um/l% arun" 3
    e#ernal =ir=le , #$e mills#ne1
    =rus$ing grain # mealT a /e+%
    2men (a##ing s#eaming (iles ,
    ,res$ =2 "ung in# #$e ,la# =al
    #$a# 2ul" ,uel #$eir =.ing
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    ,ires66
    T$e $ear# , #$e PunBa/ 2as #$e
    =i#% 2$i=$ $a" /een #$e =a(i ,
    #$e em(ire , a T$usan" an"
    One Nig$#s1 La$re1 #$e (am(ei
    (rin=ess , #$e Mg$ul
    em(errs6 U(ndr# #$e% $a"
    la+is$e" ,ines# ,l2ering , #$eir
    ar#isans' s.illH AurangQe/'s grea#
    ms'ue1 ,aien=es s#ill glis#ening
    a=rss #$e "us# , =en#uries1 #$e
    77 names )" 2ri# in mar/le
    u(n i#s =en#a($T #$e s(ra2ling
    enrmi#% A./ar's ,r# 2i#$ i#s
    enamelle" #erra=es an" mar/le
    grilles s=ul( li.e la=eT #$e
    mausleum , NurBa$an1 #$e
    =a(#i+e /eau#% + marrie" $er
    Bailer an" /e=ame an em(ressT
    #$e #m/ , Anar. 'Pmegrana#e
    Blssm'1 Be2el , A./ar's
    $arem1 /urie" ali+e /es#2ing a
    smile n $is snT #$e ?44 si/ilan#
    ,un#ains , #$e S$ mar )ar"ens6
    Mre =sm(li#an #$an Del$i1
    mre aris#=ra#i= #$an Bm/
    l"er #$an &al=u##a1 #$e =i#% 2as
    ,r man% #$e ms# a##ra=#i+e
    In"ia6 I#s $ear# 2as #$e Mall1 a
    2i"e /ule+ar" ,lan.e" /% =a
    s$(s1 res#auran#s an" #$ea#res6
    La$re /as#e" mre /ars #$an
    /.s$(s6 As man% =us##r
    =r2"e" i#s =a/are#s #$an
    ,ai#$,ul i#s #em(les an" ms'ues6
    I#s lig$# "is#ri=# 2as #$e ms#
    elegan# in In"ia an" #$e =i#% $a"
    3V sa+ure" #$e re(u#a#in ,
    /eing #$e Paris , #$e Orien#6
    I#s s#u"en#s1 n#e" ne /ser+er1
    "resse" li.e a=#rs1 i#s a=#rs 3
    giglsT i#s s=ie#% la"ies li.e
    =ur#esans an" i#s =ur#esans 3
    Ln"n m"els6 I# 2as #$e $me
    , #$e .$aQan=$i1 #$e elegan#1 i
    #uni= sme In"ian 2men 2re
    ins#ea" , saris1 i#s ,l"s ,alling
    .nee leng#$ +er sil. #rusers
    .n##e" a# #$e an.le li.e #$se
    2V /% #$e girls , #$e $arems ,
    i#s an=ien# em(errs6
    I# 2as als $ere #$a# #$e Englis$
    $a" =$sen # im(lan# #$e # ,
    #$se e"u=a#inal $#D$uses in
    2$i=$ #$e% $a" nur#ure" a r
    genera#in , lea"ers6 !rm #$e
    )#$i= s(ires , #$eir =$a(els #
    ## =ri=.e# ,iel"s1 #$eir La#inD an"
    )ree.D,ille" =urri=ula1 #$eir =a
    s2inging mas#ers1 #$eir s=$l
    =a(s an" /laQers 2i#$ seals a
    m##es li.e 'Hea+en's Lig$# ur
    )ui"e' an" '&urage # *n
    #$se s=$ls 2ere (er,e=#
    re(li=as , #$eir Englis$ m"els
    #rans(lan#e" n # #$e $# (lains
    , #$e PunBa/6
    In %ell2ing ran.s #$e ($#s ,
    #$eir games #eams1 s#are" "2n
    ,rm #$eir 2alls1 ran. u(n ran.
    , "ar.1 slemn li##le ,a=es
    (eering u# ,rm un"er #$eir
    rugger =a(s r (ru"l% =lu#=$ing
    #$eir $=.e% s#i=.s an" =ri=.e#
    /a#s6 Hin"u1 Mslem an" Si.$1
    #$se %ung men $a" s#" si"e
    /% si"e a# =$a(el1 /el#ing u# #$e
    r/us# l" &$ris#ian $%mns1 $a"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    s#u"ie" #$e 2r.s , &$au=er
    an" T$a=.era%1 /ruise" an"
    /l"ie" ea=$ #$er n #$e
    (la%ingD,iel"s in (ursui# , #$e
    manl% +ir#ues , #$e rulers ,rm
    2$m #$e% $a" n2 =laime" #$e
    .e%s # #$eir su/D=n#inen#6
    La$re 2as a/+e all1 a #leran#
    =i#% an" =mmunal "is#in=#ins
    /e#2een i#s 0441444 Hin"us1
    3441444 Si.$s1 an" 9441444
    Mslems $a" #ra"i#inall%
    ma##ere" less #$an an%2$ere else
    in In"ia6 On #$e "an=e ,lrs ,
    #$e )%m.$ana an"
    &sm(li#an &lu/s1 #$e
    "is#an=e /e#2een #$e
    =mmuni#ies 2as ,#en re"u=e"
    # #$e #$i=.ness , a sari as
    Si.$s1 Mslems an" Hin"us
    rum/ae" an" "i" #$e ,CD#r#
    #ge#$er6 A# re=e(#ins1 "inners
    an" /alls1 #$e =mmuni#ies
    mingle" in"is=rimina#el% an" #$e
    sum(#uus +illas , i#s 2eal#$%
    su/ur/s 2ere 2ne" 2i#$u#
    "is#in=#in /% Hin"us1 Si.$s1
    Mslems1 &$ris#ians an"
    Parsees6
    All #$a# $a" /een a l+el% "ream
    an" i# 2as a "ream =ming
    ra(i"l% # an en" in Jul% 37A86
    Sin=e Januar%1 Mslem League
    Qeal#s $a" /een $l"ing se=re#
    rallies in #$e areas , #$e PunBa/
    2$ere Mslems (re"mina#e"6
    Using (i=#ures an" #$e s.ulls an"
    /nes , allege" Mslem +i=#ims
    , Hin"u a#r=i#ies else2$ere in
    In"ia1 #$e% ,anne" #$e ,ires ,
    =mmunal $a#re"6 O==asinall%1
    a mu#ila#e" F+i=#im $imsel, 2as
    sen# ,rm rall% # rall% # "is(la%
    $is 2un"s6 A =n=er#e"
    =am(aign , ri#s an"
    "emns#ra#ins $a" ,r=e" #$e
    Hin"uDMslemDSi.$ =ali#in
    g+ernmen# #$a# $a" run #$e
    (r+in=e ,r a "e=a"e # resign6
    As a resul# #$e g+ernr1 Sir
    E+an Jen.ins1 $a" /een /lige"
    # #a.e i#s a"minis#ra#in in# $is
    2n $an"s6
    A ,irs# 2a+e , +ilen=e $a"
    eru(#e" earl% in Mar=$ a,#er a
    Si.$ lea"er $a" $a=.e" "2n a
    (le ,l%ing #$e Mslem League
    /anner 2i#$ a =r% , 'Pa.is#an
    Mur"a/a"' D 'Dea#$ # Pa.is#an'6
    T$e Mslems $a" gi+en $is
    =$allenge a s2i,# an" /l"%
    re(l%6 O+er ?444 (e(le1 ms# ,
    #$em Si.$s1 $a" "ie" in #$e
    =las$es #$a# $a" ,ll2e"6 !l%ing
    +er a series , Si.$ +illages
    "e+as#a#e" /% Mslem
    +igilan#es1 L#D)en6 !ran.
    Messer+%1 &mman"erDinD&$ie,
    , #$e In"ian Arm%'s Nr#$ern
    &mman"1 $a" /een $rri,ie" /%
    #$e r2s u(n r2s , mur"ere"
    Si.$s1 'lai" u# li.e ($easan#s
    a,#er a s$#6'
    T$e au#$ri#ies $a" ,inall%
    su==ee"e" in res#ring r"er1 /u#
    sin #$en u#/urs#s , #ru/le1
    su=$ as #$a# 2$i=$ $a" "es#r%e"
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #$ +illage , *a$u#a 2$i=$ Luis
    Mun#/a##en $a" +isi#e" in
    A(ril1 $ai /een ==urring 2i#$
    gr2ing ,re'uen=%6
    Ine+i#a/l% #$e (isn #$e% s(rea"
    see(e" in# #$e s#ree#s , La$re
    T$e man 2$se #ra=ings n a
    ma( 2ul" "e#ermine i#s "es#in%1
    Si &%ril Ra"=li,,e1 =ame # #$e
    =i#%1 $is $ea" ,ull , #ales $e'"
    $ear" i Englan" , #$e
    glamrus La$re1 , i#s
    "aQQling &$ris#mas seasr i#s
    $un# /all1 i#s $rse s$2s1 i#s
    gli##ering s=ial li,e6 T$ere 2ere
    ,ei e=$es , #$a# La$re in #$e
    =i#% $e "is=+ere"6 Ins#ea"1 $e
    ,un '$ea# an" "us# s#rms1 ri#s
    an" /urning'6
    Alrea"%1 3441444 (e(le $a"
    ,le" i#s s#ree#s in ,ear6 Des(i#e #/
    #erri/le $ea#1 i#s in$a/i#an#s $a"
    gi+en u( an l" PunBa/i summi
    =us#m , slee(ing u#si"e un"er
    #$e s#ars6 T$e "anger , a s#eal#$
    $an" sli##ing a slee(ing #$ra#
    $a" /e=me # grea#6 In =er#ai
    (ar#s , #$e =i#% Mslem %u#$s
    2ul" la% s#ri(s , 2ire alng #l
    ra"1 #$en Ber. #$em #au# in #$e
    (a#$ , a ,as#Dm+ing =%=lis#6
    T$e +i=#ims 2ere al2a%s Si.$s
    /e=ause #$eir /ear"s an" #ur/ans
    gai #$em a2a%6
    T$e ms# #ru/le" area in
    La$re 2as insi"e a se+en
    mile 6/el# V s#ne1 #$e an=ien#
    2all , A./ar en=lsing ne ,
    #$e ms# "ense ((ula#e" areas
    , #$e 2rl"6 T$ere1 ?441444
    Mslems an" 34414; Hin"us an"
    Si.$s'1 34A1444 (e(le (er
    s'uare mile1 see#$e" li.e ,e
    men#ing,am in a la/%rin#$ ,
    alle%s1 su.s1 s$(s1 #em(les1
    ms'u an" "ila(i"a#e"
    "2ellings6 All #$e "urs1 #$e
    s$rie.s1 #$e =lamu , #$e
    /aQaars , Asia a/un"e" in #$a#
    #ur/ulen# mass , $umani# E+er%
    (en (la=e 2as a #$i=.e# ,
    am/ula#r% mer=$an#s6 On rui
    #in #ra%s1 n (la##ers /alan=e" n
    #$eir $ea"s1 n rlling =ar#s1 #$
    "is(la%e" #$eir 2aresH (u,,%
    s(i=e /alls ,rie" in ,a#1 (%rami"s
    ranges1 ge% mun"s , $al+a
    an" /ar,l1 rien#al s2ee#s1
    (a(a%s gua+as1 s#a=.s ,
    /ananas1 glu#inus =lum(s ,
    "a#es ea=$ surrun" /% i#s /la=.
    =lu" , ,lies6 &$il"ren1 #$eir
    e%es 2$i#ene" /% #i granular
    =rus#s , #ra=$ma1 s'ueeQe" #$e
    s%ru( ,rm s#al.s sugar =ane n
    rus#% (resses6
    Alle%s 2ere a /%Qan#ine maQe ,
    s#alls an" s$(s1 =ageDli.e =e se#
    #2 ,ee# a/+e #$e grun" #
    (r#e=# #$em ,rm su""en ,l
    "uring #$e mnsn6 Sme
    un"e,ine" ,rn#ier gru(e" #$em
    in rigi" li##le guil"s1 lea#$er
    2r.ers n ne si"e1 #inDsmi#$s
    n an#/ T$ere 2ere #$e
    Be2ellers' 'uar#er1 i#s #ra%s
    s(ar.le" 2i#$ #$e g= /angles #$a#
    2ere man% Hin"us' #ra"i#inal
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    ,rm , sa+ingsT # (er,umers'
    'uar#er 2i#$ i#s =lus#ers ,
    in=ense s#i=.s an" &$inV nas.s
    2i#$ #$eir eC#i= essen=es ,rm
    2$i=$ #$e (er,umer miCe" 3
    s=en#s # ea=$ =lien#'s 2$imT
    s$ema.ers' s$(s "is(la%ing
    r2s

    gl"Dem/ri"ere" sli((ers1 #$eir
    en"s #a(ering # a (in#
    resem/ling a g/n"la's (r2T
    =ra,#smen "is(la%ing =u(s an"
    rnamen#s , +i#reus enamel1
    sil+er inlai" in (e2#er1
    (er,ra#e" me#al 2r. in s(un
    gl" as ,ine alms# as =##n
    =an"%1 la='uere" (la##ers an"
    rse an" san"al2" /Ces
    inlai" 2i#$ msai=s , i+r% an"
    m#$er , (earl6
    T$ere 2ere s$(s selling arms1
    "aggers1 .ir(ans1 #$e ri#ual
    s2r"s , #$e Si.$s6 T$ere 2ere
    ,l2er mer=$an#s /e$in"
    mun#ains , rses an" garlan"s
    , Basmine s#rung /% #$eir
    =$il"ren li.e /ea"s n a s#ring6
    T$ere 2ere #ea mer=$an#s 2i#$ a
    "Qen +arie#ies , #ea ,rm Be#
    /la=. # li+e green6 T$ere 2ere
    =l#$ mer=$an#s s'ua##ing
    /are,#e" in #$eir s#alls1 /l#s ,
    =l#$ in "Qens , =lurs
    /e$in" #$em6 T$ere 2ere s$(s
    selling 2e""ing #ur/ans
    =as=a"ing in gl" #rim an"
    em/ri"ere" +es#s in s,# ,lss
    sil. , =##n in#ers(erse" 2i#$
    =$i(s , =lure" glass1 #$e
    emeral"s1 ru/ies an" sa(($ires
    , #$e (r6 T$ere 2ere /ar/ersT
    irn2r.ersT =((er1 /rass an"
    #insmi#$s 2r.ing in a
    =a=($n% , =langing
    $ammersT #ailrsT =ar(en#ersT
    s=a+engers1 s(e=ialiQing in #$e
    sale , l" #%res1 /##les1 rags1
    ne2s(a(ersT all #$e #ra"es an"
    =mmer=e , #$e 2rl"
    su==ee"ing ea=$ #$er in nis%
    an" (i=#ures'ue =n,usin6
    Mslem 2men1 s$ru"e" in #$e
    "ar. ,l"s , #$eir /ur'as1 e%es
    ,las$ing /e$in" #$e gauQe grilles
    s=reening #$eir ,a=es1 sli((e"
    li.e nuns a# +es(ers #$rug$ #$e
    $n.ing1 Bangling s2irl ,
    #ngas1 ri=.s$a2s1 /i=%=les1
    lum/ering /ull=. =ar#s6 S#aring
    "2n n #$a# $u//u/ ,rm
    /e$in" #$e $an"D=ar+e" 2"en
    s=reen , $is ,,i=e 2in"2s in
    #$e Hin"u neig$/ur$" 2as
    #$e ri=$es# man in Ol" La$re6
    Alms# a 'uar#er , #$e ,armers
    , #$e PunBa/ 2ere enmes$e"1
    sme , #$em ,r li,e1 in #$e
    gl"en 2e/ #$e ageing Bulagi
    S$a$ s(rea" ,rm #$a# 2in"26
    He 2as #$e ms# su==ess,ul
    usurer in In"ia6
    N2 mur"er s#al.e" #$se
    =lu##ere" alle%s /el2 Bulagi
    S$a$'s 2in"2s6 I# 2as
    senseless1 2an#n mur"er1 i#s
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    +i=#ims sele=#e" a# ran"m
    /e=ause a man 2re a Si.$'s
    #ur/an r a Mslem's ga#ee6
    T$e mur"erers 2ere gn"as1
    #$ugs1 , all #$ree =mmuni#ies1
    (r2ling #$e Ol" &i#% in sear=$
    , a mem/er , a ri+al
    =mmuni#% +en#uring in# #$eir
    neig$/ur$"s1 s#ri.ing1 #$en
    mel#ing ,, in# a maQe ,
    alle%2a%s6
    Dea#$1 ne Bri#is$ (li=e ,,i=er
    remem/ere"1 '=ul" =me li.e
    lig$#ning6 I# 2as +er in a ,las$6
    Be,re %u =ul" sa% F.ni,eF
    %u'" see a /"% "%ing in #$e
    s#ree#s1 e+er% "r 2as s$u#1 an"
    n ne 2as in sig$#6'
    T$e .illings $a" main#aine" an
    eeril% e+en /alan=e /e#2een
    Mslems an" nnDMslems6
    'T$e Mslems are ne u( #"a%1'
    #$e


    =i#%'s Ins(e=#rD)eneral ,
    Pli=e1 J$n Banne#1 2ul" n#e1
    '2$ 2an#s # /e# #$e Hin"us ge#
    i# /a=. #nig$#?'
    E+er% Sa#ur"a%1 #$e (li=e
    (re(are" #2 2ee.l% "iaries1 #$e
    @ee.l% &rime Diar% an" #$e
    @ee.l% &n,i"en#ial Pli#i=al
    A=#i+i#ies Diar%6 Una/le #
    "e=i"e in# 2$i=$ =a#egr%
    =mmunal mur"ers s$ul" ,all1
    Banne#1 2i#$ a ,ine Bri#is$
    /ureau=ra#'s regar" ,r
    #$rug$ness1 r"ere" #$em
    lgge" in# /#$6
    T$e man 2$ 2ul" $a+e #
    "e=i"e in# 2$i=$ "minin
    La$re 2ul" ,all 2as su=$ a
    =n#r+ersial ,igure #$a# #$e
    PunBa/'s g+ernr re,use" #
    ,,er $im #$e $s(i#ali#% , $is
    resi"en=e6 Ins#ea"1 &%ril
    Ra"=li,,e s#a%e" a# !alle##i's1 a
    $#el ,un"e" in 3:94 /% a
    Nea(li#an 2$'" ,allen in l+e
    2i#$ a La$re =ur#esan6 @i#$
    #$e ,er+ur , a "es(era#e man1
    $e s#ruggle" # eC#ra=# sme
    minimal measure , agreemen#
    ,rm #$e Bu"ges 2$ 2ere
    su((se" # assis# $im6
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    2as a useless e,,r#6
    @$ene+er $e 2en# u#1 $e 2as
    assaile" /% #$e $ea# an" /%
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    $is "e=isin6 Pa#$e#i=1 #erri,ie"
    (e(le1 ,ear,ul , seeing a
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    ni=.name" '#$e (ig' /% i#s
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    /% /is si"e1 2ai#ers in 2$i#e
    r/es ,li##ing #$rug$ #$e
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    "ar.ness1 #$e man 2$ .ne2
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    legen"6
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    #$e =i#%'s ri+al ,a=#ins D 'Sa# Sri
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    #ms in #$e $s#ile nig$#6
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    la% #$e se=n" grea# =i#% , #$e
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    ms# sa=re" si#e1 #$e )l"en
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    s$immering #an. , 2a#er1 #$e
    2$i#e mar/le #em(le rse a# #$e
    en" , a mar/le =ause2a%6 I#s
    "me1 =+ere" in gli##ering gl"
    lea,1 s$el#ere" #$e riginal
    manus=ri(# , #$e Si.$'s Hl%
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    (ages 2ra((e" in sil. an"
    =+ere" in ,res$ ,l2ers "ail%6
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    ma"e , (ea= ,ea#$ers6
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    #$a# #em(le 2as a s(iri#ual $
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    & $aun#e" In"ia6 @i#$ #$eir
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    #$eir ,#en im(sing siQe an"
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    ms# =lsel% .ni#1 ms# mar#ial =
    muni#%6
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    , mn#$eis#i= Islam n U
    #$eis#i= Hin"uism alng #$e
    2arring ,rn#iers , #$e PunBa/
    2 #$e #2 ,ai#$s $a" ,irs#
    =lli"e"6 !un"e" /% a Hin"u
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    One )" D #$e Su(reme Tru#$1'
    Si.$ism ,a+ure" un"er #$e
    Mg$uls 2i#$ ,ai#$'s grea#
    ,er#iliQer1 (erse=u Hun"e" /%
    #$eir =ruel#%1 #$e #en#$
    an"+,inaIguJD[ in line , su==e
    ,rm Si.$ism's ,un"er
    =n+er#e" #$e religin #$a# $a"
    /een # re=n=ile Mslems an"
    Hin"us in# a mili#an#1 ,ig$#ing I
    )a#$ering $is ,i+e =lses#
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    /% a "u/leDe"ge" "agger ,#
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    s$a##ere" #$eir =as#e6 Pr=lai
    #$em #$e ,un"ers , $is ne2
    ,ig$#ing ,ra#erni#%1 #$e .$alsa1
    #$e #$e guru /a(#iQe" ea=$ 2i#$ a
    name en"ing in Sing$ D 'lin'1
    s$ul"1 $e sai"1 s#an" u# amng
    #$e mul#i#u"es1 men s ins
    re=gniQa/le #$e% =ul" ne+er
    "en% #$eir ,ai#$6 T$e% 2ul" $s
    "e+el( ins#ea" #$e =urage #
    "e,en" i# 2i#$ #$eir li+es6
    Hen=e,r#$1 $e r"ere"1 Si.$s
    2ul" ,ll2 #$e la2 , #l '*s'6
    T$e% 2ul" le# #$eir /ear"s an"
    $air gr2 ;.es$<6 T$e% ,iC a s#eel
    =m/ ;.ang$a< in #$eir un=u#
    $air1 2ear s$r#s ;.u # $a+e a
    2arrir's m/ili#%1 =arr% a s#eel
    /angle ;.ara< r rig$# 2ris#1 an"
    al2a%s g arun" 2i#$ a .ir(an1
    s2r"6 T$eT enBine" n# #
    sm.e r "rin. al=$l1 nr #
    $a+e seCual =urse 2i#$ a
    Mslem 2man1 nr # ea# mea#
    slaug$#e Mslems slaug$#ere"
    #$eir animals1 /% =u##ing #$eir
    #$ra#s6
    T$e =lla(se , #$e Mg$ul
    em(ire ga+e #$e Si.$s #$e =$a
    =ar+e u# a .ing"m , #$eir
    2n in #$eir /el+e" PunBa/6 Bi
    s=arle#D=a#e" #r(s $a" en"e"
    #$eir /rie, $ur , glr%1 /u#
    =lla(sing in 3:A71 #$e (ru"
    Si.$s $an"e" #$e Bri#is$ #$e
    "e,ea# #$e% 2ul" eC(erien=e in
    In"ia a# #$e PunBa/i =rssr=
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    millin Si.$s s#ill li+e" in #$e I
    T$e% =ns#i#u#e" nl% 3? P ,
    i#s ((ula#in1 /u# 2ne" '
    i#s lan" an" (r"u=e" alms# #2
    #$ir"s , i#s =r(s6 Alms# a #$ir"
    , #$e mem/ers , In"ia's arme"
    ,r=es 2ere Si.$s an" =lse #
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    2inners in #2 @rl" @ars $a"
    =me ,rm #$eir ran.s6>\ lMU# U
    4PD E
    T$e #rage"% , #$e PunBa/ 2as
    #$a# 2$ile Mslems an" Si.$s
    =ul" li+e un"er #$e Bri#is$ #$e%
    =ul" n# li+e un"er ea=$ #$er6
    T$e Mslems' memr% , Si.$
    rule in #$e PunBa/ 2as ne ,
    'ms'ues "enie"1 2men
    u#rage"1 #m/s raQe"1 Mslems
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    /urn# ali+e'6
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    su,,erings a# #$e $an"s , #$e
    PunBa/'s Mg$ul rulers 2ere
    em/e""e" in# a /l"% ,l.lre
    (rea=$e" # e+er% Si.$ =$il" as
    sn as i# rea=$e" #$e age ,
    un"ers#an"ing6 A# #$e )l"en
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    # main#ain ali+e in #$e memr%
    , ea=$ su==ee"ing genera#in ,
    Si.$s1 #$e "e#ails , e+er%
    in"igni#%1 e+er% $rrr1 e+er%
    a#r=i#% #$eir (e(le $a" su,,ere"
    a# #$e $an"s , #$e Mslems6 In
    gr% (r,usin1 $uge il
    (ain#ings "e(i=#e" s(rea"Deagle"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    Si.$s /eing sa2e" in $al, ,r
    re,using # em/ra=e Islam1
    grun" # (ul( /e#2een $uge
    s#ne millsT =rus$e" /e#2een
    mes$ing 2$eels s#u""e" 2i#$
    /la"es li.e gearsT Si.$ 2men a#
    #$e ga#es , #$e Mg$ul's (ala=e
    in La$re seeing #$eir in,an#s
    s(eare" an" /e$ea"e" /% #$e
    Mg$ul's Prae#rian guar"6
    T$e ,ailure , #$e Si.$s # rea=#
    # #$e +ilen=e "ne in Mar=$ #
    #$eir =mmuni#% $a" sur(rise"
    an" =m,r#e" /#$ #$e Mslems
    an" #$e (li#i=ians in Del$i6 T$e
    Si.$s $a" ls# #$eir l" mar#ial
    +igur1 i# 2as 2$is(ere"1 #$e%
    $a" gne s,# 2i#$ (rs(eri#%6
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    , #$eir m"6 Earl% in June1
    2$ile #$e -i=er% an" In"ia's
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    agreemen# in Del$i n In"ia's
    "i+isin1 #$e Si.$ lea"ers$i( $a"
    me# a# a se=re# =un=il in
    Ne"u's H#el in La$re6 I#s
    (ur(se 2as # "e=i"e Si.$
    s#ra#eg% in =ase (ar#i#in 2as
    a==e(#e"6 T$e "minan# +i=e a#
    #$e =un=il 2as #$a# , #$e $#D
    e%e" ,ana#i= 2$ $a" s#ar#e" #$e
    Mar=$ =n,lagra#in /% $a=.ing
    "2n a Mslem League /anner
    2i#$ $is .ir(an6 Tara Sing$1
    =alle" 'Mas#er' /% $is ,ll2ers
    /e=ause $e 2as a #$ir"Dgra"e
    s=$l#ea=$er1 $a" ls# man%
    mem/ers , $is 2n ,amil% in
    #$e +ilen=e $e $a" (r+L.e"
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    s(ee=$ #$a# ,re#l" # 2ell #$e
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    me=$ani=s1 #$e% $a" gra+i#a#e"
    # #$e au#m#i+e in"us#r%6 In
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    ne else =ul" D r "are" D "ri+e
    n #$e same ra" 2i#$ #$em6
    #rage"% sn # +er#a.e #$e
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    "es#ru=# li.e #$e Ja(anese an"
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    +erDrun1 2men "is$nure"6
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    =alling ,r /l"! @J s$all sa#e
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    > > >
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    #$rus# a s=re , maBr an" mi
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    "is=ussins a/u# #$e
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    /eing (rema#urel% re#ire" /%
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    , #$er =i+il an" ,,i=ers1
    s#a%ing n a# In"ia an"
    Pa.is#an's re'ues#1 2i la/ur6
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    =m(se" largel% , &ngress
    Mslem League minis#ers 2as
    alrea"% /eginning # /rea. "
    un"er #$e s#rains im(se" /% #$e
    ,r#$=ming (ar#i#in6 T .e
    ,un=#ining un#il 30 Augus#1
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    arrangemen#6 &ngress 2as
    gi+en all #$e minis#ries /u# ea=$
    min 2as assigne" a Mslem
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    s$i an" ma.e sure $e "i"
    n#$ing inBurius # Pa.is#an's
    in#e Mun#/a##en assigne" a
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    re,eren"um 2$i=$ 2ul"
    "e#ermine 2$e#$er #$e N 2es#
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    =$an=e # (# ,r in"e(en" $e
    n2 re,use" &ngress's "eman"
    # ,,er #$e !rn#ier a sii =$i=e6
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    #$a# (se" /% Mun#/a##en'
    (e#uus sele=#in , 30 Augus#
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    s#r.e , mi"nig$#1 3A Augus# 3!
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    , $mes(un =##n .$a"i1 s
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    Ier $is (ress =n,eren=e1 #$e
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    s#a,,'6 Insis#ing #$is /e 'reme"ie"
    ,r#$2i#$'1 $e assigne" $is a/le
    %un a##a=$e1 Alan &am(/ell
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    res(nsi/ili#ies , +i as#rlger6

    re(la=e #$e Unin Ja=. n In"ia's
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    #$irs#ing ,r in"e(en"en=e6
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    /an"s , sa,,rn1 2$i#e an"
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    as #$e ins#rumen# , #$eir
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    &ngress =n#es#e" #$e rig$# ,
    2$a# #$e% =alle" ')an"$iBi's #%'
    # ==u(% #$e =en#ral (la=e in
    2$a# 2as a/u# # /e=me #$eir
    na#in's ,lag6 T a gr2ing
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    num/er , (ar#% mili#an#s $is
    s(inningD2$eel 2as a s%m/l ,
    #$e (as#1 a 2man's #$ing1 #$e
    $allmar. , an ar=$ai= In"ia
    #urne" in2ar"s u(n $ersel,6
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    $nur n #$e na#inal ,lag 2as
    assigne" # an#$er 2$eel1 #$e
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    2arrirs , As$.a1 ,un"er ,
    #$e Hin"u em(ire1 $a" /rne
    u(n #$eir s$iel"s6 !rame" /% a
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    , s#reng#$ an" au#$ri#%1 $is
    "$arma =$a.ra1 #$e 2$eel , #$e
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    "e=isin 2i#$ "ee( sa"ness6
    'H2e+er ar#is#i= #$e "esign ma%
    /e1' $e 2r#e1 'I s$all re,use #
    salu#e a ,lag 2$i=$ =arries su=$ a
    message6'
    T$a# "isa((in#men# 2as nl%
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    na#in $e'" "ne s mu=$ #
    =rea#e6 N# nl% 2as )an"$i's
    /el+e" In"ia /eing "i+i"e"1 /u#
    #$e (ar#i#ine" In"ia sn # /e
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    "uring $is lng =rusa"e6
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    2ul" ,,er Asia an" #$e 2rl" a
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    ma"6
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    =n#ri/u#e ($%si=al la/ur # #$e
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    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT

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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    =usin #$e *ing #$se $nurs
    an" #i#les #$e% s =$eris$e"6
    @$en $is s(ee=$ 2as ,inis$e"1
    #$e -i=er% in+i#e" 'ues#ins
    ,rn #$e (rin=es6 Mun#/a##en
    2as s#unne" /% #$eir a/sur"i#%6
    Si lu"i=rus "i" sme , #$eir
    (re==u(a#ins a((ear #$a# #$e
    -i=er 2n"ere" i, #$ese men
    an" #$eir Prime Minis#ers reall%
    un"srs#i 2$a# 2as a/u# #
    $a((en # #$em6 T$e (rime
    =n=ern , ne mem /er , #$a#
    "is#inguis$e" ga#$ering 2as
    2$e#$er $e =ul" re#ain #$
    eC=lusi+e rig$# # $un# #igers in
    $is s#a#e i, $e a==e"e" # In"ia6
    T$ a 2an , an#$er (rin=e1
    2$se em(l%er a# #$is =ri#i=al
    Bun=#ure $ai ,un" n#$ing /e##er
    # " #$an # g n a #ur,
    Eur(e's gam/ling =asins an"
    =a/are#s1 (lea"e" #$a# as $is ruler
    2as n #$e $ig$ seas $e "i" n#
    .n2 2$a# =urse , a=#in #
    a"(#6
    Mun#/a##en (n"ere" a
    mmen#1 #$en (i=.e" u( a large
    run" glass (a(erD2eig$# 2$i=$
    res#e" n #$e rs#rum /e,re
    $im6 T2is#ing i# in $is $an" li.e
    sme an=ien# Orien#al sage1 $e
    annun=e"H 'I 2ill l. in# m%
    =r%s#al /all ,r %ur ans2er6'
    !urr2ing $is /r2s1 $e ,iCe"
    #$e /all 2i#$ #$e ms# in#ensel%
    m%s#erius gaQe , 2$i=$ $e 2as
    =a(a/le6 !r #en se=n"s a $ea+%
    silen=e1 /r.en nl% /% #$e
    la/ure" /rea#$ing , sme ,
    #$e mre =r(ulen# rulers1 s#i,le"
    #$e =$am/er6 T$e ==ul# 2as
    a,#er all n# a ma##er #a.en
    lig$#l% in In"ia1 e+en /%
    ma$araBas6
    'A$1' Mun#/a##en 2$is(ere"1
    a,#er mil.ing all #$e "rama $e
    =ul" ,rm #$e ges#ure1 T see
    %ur (rin=e6 He's si##ing a# #$e
    =a(#ain's #a/le6 He sa%s 6 6 6 F%es1
    2$a# is i#?F D $e sa%s Fsign #$e
    A=# , A==essinF6'
    T$e ,ll2ing "a%1 ,r #$e las#
    #ime1 a ,rmal /an'ue#
    assem/le" a -i=er% , In"ia
    an" $er ruling (rin=es6
    Pr,un"l% sa""ene" /% $is
    a2areness , 2$a# 2as
    $a((ening1 Luis Mun#/a##en
    =alle" ,r a ,inal #as# # #$e
    *ing Em(err ,rm $is l"es#
    an" ms# ,ai#$,ul allies6
    'Yu are a/u# # ,a=e a
    re+lu#in1' $e #l" #$em6 'In a
    +er% /rie, mmen# %u'll lse
    ,re+er %ur s+ereign#%6 I# is
    ine+i#a/le6 D n#1' $e (lea"e"1
    '#urn %ur /a=.s n #$e In"ia
    emerging n 30 Augus#6 T$a#
    In"ia 2ill n# $a+e enug$
    =a(a/le men # re(resen# $er
    +erseas6' S$e 2as ging # nee"
    "=#rs1 la2%ers1 a/le
    a"minis#ra#rs1 #raine" ,,i=ers
    # re(la=e #$e Bri#is$ in $er
    arm%6 Man% , #$se (rin=es
    e"u=a#e" a/ra"1 eC(erien=e" in
    $an"ling #$e a,,airs , #$eir
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    s#a#es1 =m/a# +e#erans1 $a"
    s.ills In"ia 2ul" nee"6 T$e%
    =ul" /e=me (la%/%s n #$e
    /ea=$es , #$e Ri+iera1 r #$e%
    =ul" ,,er #$eir ser+i=es # #$e
    na#in an" ,in"S ne2 r.,r
    #$emsel+es an" #$eir =lass in
    In"ian s=ie#%6 He $a" n "u/#
    2$i=$ =urse #$e% s$ul" ,ll26
    'Marr% #$e ne2 In"ia1' $e /egge"
    #$em6
    *as$mir1 Jul% 37A8
    Li.e a =ane s$#ing #$e ra(i"s1
    #$e s#a#in 2agn #2is#e"
    #$rug$ #$e ru#s an" r=.s , #$e
    "ir# (a#$ (arallel # #$e #rren#s
    , #$e Tri.a Ri+er6 T$e "ri+er's
    ,a=e 2i#$ $is (u#ing li(s1 $is
    2ar%1 mis#rus#,ul e%es1 $is =$in1
    i#s u#line ls# un"er s,#
    (u=$es , ,les$1 2as an
    a==ura#e re,le=#in , $is
    =$ara=#er6 He 2as a 2ea.1
    +a=illa#D
    54H
    '2e 2ill al2a%s remain /r#$ers'
    ing man 2$se (er+ersins an"
    rgies $a" gi+en $im #$e
    re(u#a#ii , a Himala%an
    Brgia6 Un,r#una#el%1 Hari
    Sing$1 #$e man 2$ a 'Mr A' $a"
    #i#illa#e" #$e rea"ers , Bri#ain's
    (enn% (ress /e,re #$ 2ar1 2as
    sme#$ing else6 He 2as #$e
    $ere"i#ar% Hin"u Ma$araB , #$e
    ms# s#ra#egi=all% si#ua#e"
    (rin=el% s#a#e in In"ia1 #$e +as
    s(arsel%Dse##le" =rssra"s S#a#e
    , *as$mir 2$ere In"ia1 &$ini
    Ti/e# an" Pa.is#an 2ere "es#ine"
    # mee#6
    T$is mrning1 a (ar#i=ularl%
    "is#inguis$e" +isi#r ==u(ie" #l
    sea# /esi"e Hari Sing$6 Luis
    Mun#/a##en $a" .n2n #$e
    Hin" ruler sin=e #$e% $a"
    gall(e" si"e /% si"e n #$e
    mani=ure" grass V $is (l ,iel"
    a# Jammu "uring #$e -i=er%'s
    #ur 2i#$ #$e Prin=e i @ales6
    Mun#/a##en $a" "eli/era#el%
    arrange" $is s#a#e +isi# Hari
    Sing$'s =a(i#al Srinagar # ,r=e
    a "e=isin n *as$mii ,u#ure u#
    , i#s $esi#an# ruler6
    I# 2as n#1 $2e+er1 in# Pa#el's
    /as.e# #$a# Mun#/a##en (i (se"
    # "r( #$e *as$miri a((le6
    Lgi= seeme" # "i=#a#e #$
    *as$mir 2in" u( in Pa.is#an6 I#s
    (e(le 2ere Mslem6 I# $a" /e
    ne , #$e areas riginall%
    sele=#e" ,r an Islami= s#a#e /%
    Ra$n Ali 2$en $e'" ,irs#
    ,rmula#e" $is im(ssi/le
    "ream6 T$e '.' Pa.is#an 2as ,r
    *as$mir6
    T$e -i=er% a==e(#e" #$a# lgi=6
    He $a"1 $e #l" #$e Ma$an
    /rug$# 2i#$ $im #$e guaran#ee
    , Pa#el n /e$al, , #$e ,u#
    g+ernmen# , In"ia #$a# i,1 as
    seeme" na#ural 2i#$ $is
    +er2$elm Mslem ((ula#in
    an" $is gegra($i=al si#ua#in1
    Hari Sii Bine" Pa.is#an1 In"ia
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    2ul" un"ers#an" an" raise n
    /Be=#i !ur#$ermre1 $e sai"1
    Jinna$ $a" assure" $im #$a# Hari
    Sing$1 e #$ug$ $e 2as a Hin"u
    ruler1 2ul" /e 2el=me" an"
    gi+en $nure" (la=e in $is ne2
    "minin6
    'I "n'# 2an# # a==e"e #
    Pa.is#an n an% a==un#1' Hari Si
    ans2ere"6
    '@ell1' Mun#/a##en sai"1 'i#'s u(
    # %u1 /u# I #$in. %u s/6V
    =nsi"er i# +er% =are,ull% sin=e
    a,#er all alms# 74 P , %ur
    (e(li Mslem6 Bu#1 i, %u "n'#1
    #$en %u mus# Bin In"ia6 In #$a#
    i I 2ill see #$a# an in,an#r%
    "i+isin is sen# u( $ere #
    (reser+e in#egri#% , %ur
    /un"aries6' 1
    'N1' re(lie" #$e Ma$araBa1 'I
    "n'# 2is$ # Bin In"ia ei#/ 2is$
    # /e in"e(en"en#6'
    T$se 2ere Bus# #$e 2r"s #$e
    -i=er% "i" n# 2an# # $ear
    srr%1' $e eC(l"e"1 '%u Bus#
    =an'# /e in"e(en"en#6 Yu're a
    l=.e" =un#r%6 Yu're +erD
    siQe" an" un"erD((ula#e"6 @
    min" ms# #$ug$ is #$a# %ur
    a##i#u"e is /un" # lea" #
    /e#2een In"ia an" Pa.is#an6
    Yu're ging # $a+e #2 ri+al
    =u a# "aggers "ra2n ,r %ur
    neig$/urs6 Yu'll /e #$e =ause
    , i ,D2ar /e#2een #$em6 Yu'll
    en" u( /eing a /a##le,iel"6 T$a#'s
    2$a#ll $a((en6 Yu'll lse %ur
    #$rne an" %ur li,e1 #1 i,
    +u'rK
    n# =are,ul6' ' re
    T$e Ma$araBa sig$e" an" s$.
    $is $ea"6 He .e(# a glm%
    silen=e un#il $e rea=$e" #$e
    ,is$ing =am( $is (ens $a" se#
    u( /% a /en" n #$e ri+er ,r #$e
    #ru# ,is$ing $e 2as ,,ering $is
    "is#inguis$e" +isi#r6 !r #$e res#
    , #$e "a%1 Hari Sing$ ma"e
    =er#ain Mun#/a##en $a" n
    =$an=e # =rner $im alne6
    Ins#ea" #$e -i=er% s(en# $is "a%
    =as#ing in #$e Tri.a's =r%s#alline
    2a#ers ,r #ru#6 E+en #$e% 2ere
    n# (re(are" # a==mm"a#e
    #$e ,rus#ra#e" -i=er% His AD&
    =aug$# all #$e ,is$6
    !r #$e neC# #2 "a%s1
    Mun#/a##en re(ea#e" #$e
    (r=ess6 !inall%1 n #$e #$ir" "a%1
    $e ,el# $is l" ,rien" /eginning
    # 2a+er6 He insis#e" #$e% $a+e a
    ,rmal mee#ing #$e ,ll2ing
    mrning /e,re $is "e(ar#ure
    2i#$ #$eir s#a,,s an" #$e
    Ma$araBa's Prime Minis#er
    (resen# # "ra2 u( an agree"
    (li=% s#a#emen#6
    'All rig$#1' #$e Ma$araBa agree"1
    'i, %u insis# n i#6'
    T$is (ar#i=ular a((le1 $2e+er1
    2as ging # remain ,irml%
    a##a=$e" # i#s #ree6 T$e
    ,ll2ing mrning an AD&
    =ame # Mun#/a##en's sui#e6 His
    Hig$ness 2as srr%1 $e "e=lare"1
    /u# $e 2as su,,ering ,rm an
    u(se# s#ma=$ an" $is "=#r
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    2ul" n# all2 $im # a##en"
    #$eir li##le mee#ing6 T$e s#r%1
    Mun#/a##en 2as sure 2as
    'a/slu#e /alne%'6 In+.ing
    "=#r's r"ers1 $2e+er1 Hari
    Sing$ re,use" e+en # see $is l"
    ,rien" /e,re $e le,#6 A (r/lem
    2$i=$ 2ul" em/i##er In"iaD
    Pa.is#an rela#ins ,r a 'uar#er
    , a =en#ur% an" im(eril 2rl"
    (ea=e $a" ,un" i#s genesis in
    #$a# "i(lma#i= s#ma=$Da=$e6
    Else2$ere1 Mun#/a##en enB%e"
    =nsi"era/l% mre su==ess in $is
    e,,r#s # ,ill Pa#el's /as.e# 2i#$
    a((les6 !r sme , #$e rulers1
    a((en"ing #$eir signa#ure # #$e
    Ins#rumen# , A==essin 2as a
    =ruel #rage"%6 One RaBa ,
    &en#ral In"ia =lla(se" an" "ie"
    , a $ear# a##a=. se=n"s a,#er
    signing6 T$e Rana , D$l(ur
    #l" Mun#/a##en 2i#$ #ears in
    $is e%esH 'T$is /rea.s an allian=e
    /e#2een m% an=es#rs an" %ur
    *ing's an=es#rs 2$i=$ $as
    eCis#e" sin=e 38906' T$e
    )ae.2ar , Bar"a1 ne ,
    2$se ,re/ears $a" ,e" $is
    Bri#is$ Resi"en# "iamn" "us#1
    =lla(se" 2ee(ing li.e a =$il" in
    #$e arms , -6 P6 Menn n
    signing6 One ruler , a #in% s#a#e
    $esi#a#e" ,r "a%s /e,re
    a((en"ing $is signa#ure /e=ause
    $e s#ill /elie+e" in #$e "i+ine
    rig$# , .ings6 T$e eig$#
    ma$araBas , #$e PunBa/ signe"
    #$eir Ins#rumen# #ge#$er "uring
    a ,rmal =eremn% in #$e s#a#e
    /an'ue# $all a# Pa#iala 2$ere Sir
    B$u(in"er Sing$ '#$e
    Magni,i=en#' $a" n=e la+is$e"
    #$e ms# (r"igius $s(i#ali#%
    in In"ia n $is gues#s6 T$is #ime1
    ne (ar#i=i(an# re=alle"1 '#$e
    a#ms($ere 2as s lugu/ri 2e
    mig$# $a+e /een a# a =rema#in6'
    A $an",ul , rulers =n#inue" #
    resis# #$e /lan"is$men#s
    Mun#/a##en1 -6 P6 Menn an"
    Pa#el6 One , Mun#/a##en's
    =lsV (ersnal ,rien"s1 #$e
    Na2a/ , B$(al1 /i##erl%
    =laime" '#$e rule 2ere /eing
    in+i#e" li.e #$e %s#ers1 # a##en"
    #$e #ea (ar#% 2i#$ # @alrus an"
    #$e &ar(en#er'6 U"ai(ur #rie" #
    ,rm a ,e"era#in 2i a num/er ,
    ,ell2 (rin=es 2$se s#a#es
    a"Bine" $is6 S1 #1 " )2alir1
    #$e sn , #$e man 2i#$ a mania
    ,r ele=#ri= #rains6 A# # /e$es# ,
    $is Prime Minis#er1 #$e Ma$araBa
    , Tra+an=re1 a su#$e s#a#e
    2i#$ a sea(r# an" ri=$ uranium
    reser+es1 =lamure" i
    in"e(en"en=e6
    T$e (ressures # $er" #$ese las#
    relu=#an# resis#ers in# Pa#e
    /as.e# /e=ame in#ense as 30
    Augus# "re2 near6 @$ere $e $a"
    l= &ngress rganiQa#ins1
    Pa#el r"ere" "emns#ra#ins
    an" sin agi#a#in # ,r=e #$eir
    $an"s6 T$e Ma$araBa , Orissa
    2as #ra(( in $is (ala=e /% a m/
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    2$i=$ re,use" # le# $im lea+e
    un#il /[ signe"6 Tra+an=re's
    ,r=e,ul Prime Minis#er 2as
    s#a//e" in #$e ,# /% a &ngress
    "emns#ra#r6 S$a.en1 #$e
    Ma$araBa =a/le" De $is
    a==essin6
    Nne , #$e a==essins 2as 'ui#e
    as #em(es#uus as #$a# , # %ung
    Ma$araBa , J"$(ur6 J"$(ur
    $a" Bus# as=en"e" $is #$r n $is
    ,a#$er's "ea#$6 He 2as gi+en # a
    num/er , eC(ensi+e $// li.e
    ,l%ing1 2men an" =nBuring
    #ri=.sT nne , #$em1 $e realiQ,
    li.el% # s#ir #$e s%m(a#$% ,
    &ngress's S=ialis#s6 Tge#$er
    2 $is =lleague1 #$e Ma$araBa ,
    Jaisalmer1 $e arrange" a se=
    mee#ing in Del$i 2i#$ Jinna$ #
    en'uire , #$e Mslem lea"er 2l
    sr# , re=e(#in #$e% mig$#
    eC(e=# i, #$e% #. #$eir
    (rimaril% Hin s#a#es in# $is
    "minin6
    Delig$#e" a# #$e #$ug$# ,
    ri((ing #2 .e% (rin=es a2a%
    ,rm &ngress ri+als1 Jinna$
    #. a /lan. s$ee# , (a(er ,rm
    $is "i "ra2er an" (asse" i# #
    J"$(ur6 'Jus# 2ri#e %ur
    =n"i#ins n #$is (a(er1' $e sai"1
    'an" I'll sign T$e #2 men as.e"
    #ime # 2i#$"ra2 # #$eir $#el #
    (n #$em6 T$ere #$e% ,un" -6 P6
    Menn 2ai#ing ,r #$em6 Ti((e"
    /% ne , $is m%s#erius sur=es
    a/u# #$eir ini#ia#i+e 2$i=$ e+en
    all% =ul" $a+e "ra2n #$er
    s#a#es in# Pa.is#an1 Menn #
    J"$(ur #$e -i=er% 2an#e" #
    see $im urgen#l% a# -i=er%'s
    Hi Sea#ing #$e (rin=e in a
    2ai#ingDrm1 Menn se# ,, n
    a ,rai sear=$ ,r Mun#/a##en6
    !inall% l=a#ing #$e -i=er%1
    2$ $a" i"ea 2$a# $e'" "ne1 in
    $is /a#$1 Menn /egge" $im #
    =me "= an" reasn 2i#$ #$e
    s#u//rn (rin=e6
    His re=en#l% "e=ease" ,a#$er1
    2$'" /een $is ,rien" ,r 59 %e
    2ul" $a+e /een u#rage" /% $is
    /e$a+iur1 #$e -i=er% #l" #$e
    %ung ruler6 I# 2as ,ll% # #r% #
    #a.e #$e su/Be=#s , $is Hin"u
    s#a#e in# Pa.is#an ,r (urel%
    sel,is$ reasns6 In re#urn1 $e
    (rmise" J"$(ur #$a# $e an"
    Menn 2ul" (ersua"e Pa#el #
    a"(# as #leran# a +ie2 as
    (ssi/le #2ar"s $is (ersnal
    'uir.s6
    Mun#/a##en le,# Menn # ge#
    #$e im(e#uus %ung ruler's
    signa#ure n a (r+isinal
    agreemen#6 @$en $e'" gne1
    J"$(ur (ulle" a ,un#ain (en
    ma"e in $is 2r.s$( u# , $is
    (=.e#6 A,#er signing #$e #eC#1 $e
    uns=re2e" i#s =a( an" re+eale" a
    minia#ure D55 (is#l 2$i=$ $e
    (in#e" a# Menn's $ea"6
    'I'm n# gi+ing in # %ur
    #$rea#s!' $e s$u#e"6
    Mun#/a##en1 $earing #$e nise1
    re#urne" an" =n,is=a#e" #$e
    (is#l6>
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    T$ree "a%s la#er Menn
    "eli+ere" a ,inal Ins#rumen# ,
    A==essin # #$e (rin=e's (ala=e6
    )luml% #$e (rin=e signe"6 T$en
    $e "e=i"e" # /ur% $is (as# in a
    =ele/ra#in 2i#$ Menn as $is
    un2illing gues#6 All a,#ernn $e
    (ure" 2$is.% "2n #$e (r
    =i+il ser+an#'s #$ra#6 A,#er #$a#1
    Menn 2as ,r=e" # gul(
    "raug$#s , =$am(agne 2$ile #$e
    (rin=e r"ere" a ,ull s=ale
    /an'ue# , ras# mea#s an"
    game1 an r=$es#ra an" a
    sele=#in , "an=ing girls6 !r
    Menn1 a (ru"is$ +ege#arian1 #$e
    e+ening 2as a nig$#mare6 T$e
    2rs#1 $2e+er1 2as s#ill #
    =me6 Hurling $is #ur/an n #$e
    ,lr in a ,i# , rage /e=ause $e
    #$ug$# #$e musi= 2as # lu"1
    #$e "run.en J"$(ur "ismisse"
    #$e girls an" #$e /an" an"
    annun=e" $e 2ul" ,l% Menn
    # Del$i in $is (ri+a#e (lane6 He
    r=.e#e" ,, #$e ,iel"1 #$en
    #2is#e" $is +ilen#l% ill
    (assenger #$rug$ e+er%
    a=r/a#i= s#un# $e =ul"
    (er,rm 6/e,re lan"ing $im a#
    Del$i air(r#6 )reen an"
    re#=$ing1 Menn $al,D=ra2le"
    ,rm #$e (lane /u# in $is s$a.ing
    ,ingers 2as #$e "=umen# 2$i=$
    2ul" "eli+er ne mre a((le
    in# Pa#el's 2ai#ing /as.e#6
    Des(i#e #$e #ergi+ersa#ins , a
    las# /un=$ , "ie$ar"s1 #$e
    -i=er% 2ul"1 /% 30 Augus#1 /e
    a/le # $nur $is =n#ra=# 2i#$
    Pa#el6 T$e /as.e# , a((les $e
    2ul" (resen# $im 2ul" /e
    +er,l2ing6 !i+e (rin=es 2$se
    s#a#es 2ul" /e insi"e Pa.is#an
    rallie" # Jinna$T Mun#/a##en
    an" Menn $a" (lu=.e" all #$e
    res#1 2i#$ Bus# #$ree eC=e(#ins6
    T$e eC=e(#ins1 $2e+er1 2ere
    maBr nes6 Dri+en /% a =a/al ,
    Mslem ,ana#i=s #erri,ie" a# #$e
    i"ea , lsing #$eir (ri+ileges in
    Hin"u In"ia1 #$e ruler , #$e
    larges# an" ms# ((ulus s#a#e
    in In"ia $a" reBe=#e" all ,
    Mun#/a##en's =unsels6
    Ignring e+er%
    > Years la#er1 Mun#/a##en1
    ,as=ina#e" $imsel, /% magi=1
    (er,rme" #$e re'uire"
    =nBuring #ri=. # 2in ele=#in #
    #$e Magi= &ir=le6 He lane"
    J"$(ur's (enD(is#l # #$e gru(
    # /e "is(la%e" in #$e Magi=
    &ir=le Museum 2$ere i# s#ill
    res#s6
    e,,r# # /ring $im in# an
    agreemen# 2i#$ In"ia1 #$e NiQa
    H%"era/a" s#r+e in +ain #
    ,r=e )rea# Bri#ain # re=gniQ
    s#a#e as an in"e(en"en#
    "minin6 !rm $is (ala=e #$e
    miserl% $a" n# =ease" a /i##er
    (lain# a# /eing 'a/an"ne" /% $is
    = all%'1 an" seeing '#$e /n"s ,
    lng "e+#in' lin.ing $im # #$e
    Em(err se+ere"6 *as$mir1 #1
    =n#inue" in $is re,usal #
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    $imsel, 2i#$ ei#$er "minin6
    T$e reasns .ee(ing #$e #$ir"
    an" las# ruler ,rm a==e"ii In"ia
    2ere , a sme2$a# "i,,eren#
    r"er6 &n+in=e" /% an age #$e
    Mslem League #$a# #$e ,irs# a=#
    , an in"e(en"en# In"ia + /e #
    (isn $is "gs1 #$e Na2a/ ,
    Junaga"$ $a" "e=i"e" ei#l
    (r=laim $is in"e(en"en=e r
    Bin Pa.is#an "es(i#e #$e ,a=# $is
    Hin"u s#a#e 2ul" s$are n
    /r"ers 2i#$ #$e Mslem na#in6
    > > >
    ')en#lemen1 #$is is Mr Sa+age ,
    #$e PunBa/ &ID1' Luis MV
    /a##en #l" #$e #2 s#ar#le"
    In"ian (li#i=ians in $is s#u"% n
    0 A# 'He $as a s#r% %u s$ul"
    $ear6'
    @$a#e+er #$a# s#r% 2as1 i# 2as
    =er#ain # ge# #$e =lse a##e ,
    Jinna$ an" Lia'a# Ali *$an
    /e=ause #$e /"% Sa+age i
    sen#e" 2as .n2n as #$e /es#
    Bri#is$ in#elligen=e rganiQa#i
    In"ia6 In"ee"1 i#s (era#i+es $a"
    (ene#ra#e" #$eir 2n (!
    m+emen#s a# #$e $ig$es# le+els6
    T$e ner+us Sa+age =leare" $is
    #$ra# an" /egan6 T$e in,rm $e
    2as a/u# # re+eal $a" /een
    2rung ,rm (risners in an
    rga#in =en#re #$e &ID $a" se#
    u( in an unuse" 2ing , #$e L
    luna#i= as%lum6 S Se=re# 2as i#
    =nsi"ere" #$a# Sa+age $a"
    /lige" # memriQe i# #$e
    e+ening /e,re in La$re ra#$er
    /ring i# # Del$i n (a(er6
    A gru( , Si.$ eC#remis#s $a"
    lin.e" $an"s 2i#$ #$e ,ana#i=al
    (li#i=al gru( in In"ia1 #$e
    /ig#e" Hin"u Qeal#s i
    Ras$#ri%a S2a%am Se2a.
    Sang$1 #$e RSSS6 A# #$eir $ea"1
    Mas#er Tara Sing$1 #$e #$ir"D
    gra"e s=$l#ea=$er 2$ $a" n
    $is ,ll2ers # "ren=$ In"ia in
    /l" a# #$e Si.$'s se=re
    +=a#in in La$re6 T$e #2
    gru(s $a" agree" # (l #$i
    sur=es an" energies in #errris#
    a=#i+i#%6
    T$e Si.$s1 2i#$ #$eir /e##er
    rganiQa#in1 #raining an" .nU
    , eC(lsi+es1 2ul" "es#r% #$e
    $ea+il% guar"e" 'Pa.is#an S(V
    #$e #rains "es#ine" # =n+%
    ,rm Del$i # *ara=$i #$e .e%
    mV s#res assigne" # #$e ne2
    s#a#e6 Tara Sing$ $a" alrea"%
    ins#T 2ireless se# an" an (era#r
    # (ass in,rma#in a/u# #$e
    "e(ar#ures an" #$eir ru#e # #$e
    Si.$ arme" /an"s "esigna a##a=.
    #$em6
    T$e res(nsi/ili#% ,r #$e se=n"
    a=#in1 Sa+age sai"1 $a" /een
    assigne" # #$e RSSS 2$se
    Hin"u merii/ers1 unli.e #$e
    Si.$s1 =ul" easil% (ass
    #$emsel+es ,, as Mslems6 T$e
    rganiQa#in 2as in #$e (r=ess
    , in,il#ra#ing an uni"en#i,ie"
    num/er , #$eir ms# ,ana#i=al
    su((r#ers in# #$e =i#% ,
    *ara=$i6 Ea=$ $a" /een gi+en a
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    Bri#is$ Arm% Mills $an"D
    grena"e6 Nne , #$em 2as
    a2are , #$e #$ers> eCis#en=e s
    #$a# #$e arres# , ne man 2ul"
    n# =m(rmise #$e (lan6
    On 3A Augus#1 #$se men 2ere
    # s#a#in #$emsel+es alng #$e
    ru#e 2$i=$ 2ul" =arr%
    M$amme" Ali Jinna$ in
    #rium($an# (r=essin #$rug$
    #$e s#ree#s , *ara=$i ,rm
    Pa.is#an's &ns#i#uen# Assem/l%
    # #$e ,,i=ial resi"en=e , #$e
    ne2 )+ernrD)eneral6 As a
    %ung Ser/ian $a" (lunge"
    Eur(e in# #$e $rrr , @rl"
    @ar I1 s ne , #$se Qeal#s
    2as # assassina#e #$e ,un"er ,
    Pa.is#an a# #$e $eig$# , $is
    glr% /% $urling a grena"e in#
    $is (en =arriage6 T$e ,urre
    (r+.e" /% #$a# grisl% mur"er1
    #$e RSSS $(e"1 2ul" laun=$
    #$e en#ire su/D=n#inen# in# a
    sa+age =i+il 2ar ,rm 2$i=$ #$e
    numeri=all% su(erir Hin"us
    2ere /un" # emerge as
    un"is(u#e" rulers6
    T$e ,a=e , #$e man #$e% 2an#e"
    # mur"er 2$i#ene" a# Sa+age's
    2r"s6 Besi"e $im1 Lia'a# Ali
    *$an eC=i#e"l% "eman"e" #$a#
    Mun#/a##en arres# #$e en#ire
    Si.$ lea"ers$i(6 S#unne"1 #$e
    -i=er% 2n"ere" 2$a# # "6
    Run"ing u( #$e Si.$ =$ie,#ains1
    $e ,eare"1 mig$# 2ell s#ar# #$e
    =i+il 2ar #$e RSSS 2an#e"6
    Turning # #$e %ung &ID
    ,,i=er1 $e sai"H 'Su((se I as.
    #$e g+ernr # arres# #$e Si.$
    lea"ers?' Lis#ening # $is
    (r(sal1 Sa+age #$ug$#1 'I'll /e
    /l"% s=are" i, %u "6' T$e%
    2ere1 $e .ne21 isla#e" in
    Amri#sar's )l"en Tem(le6 N
    Si.$ r Hin"u (li=e 2ul"
    a==e(# an r"er # g in a,#er
    #$em an" # sen" in Mslem
    (li=e 2as un#$in.a/le6
    'Sir1' $e re(lie"1 T am srr% #
    $a+e # sa% #$ere are n# enug$
    relia/le (li=e le,# in #$e PunBa/
    # a==m(lis$ an a=#in , #$a#
    sr#6 I $a#e # sa% i#1 /u# I =an see
    n 2a% # =arr% u# su=$ an
    r"er6'
    Mun#/a##en (n"ere" a
    mmen#6 T$en $e annun=e" $e
    2ul" as. ,r a Bin#
    re=mmen"a#in n 2$a# # "
    ,rm #$e PunBa/'s )+ernr1 Sir
    E+an Jen.ins1 an" #$e #2 men
    "esigna#e" # g+ern i#s In"ian
    an" Pa.is#an $al+es a,#er 30
    Augus#6 Lia'a# Ali *$an $al,
    rse ,rm $is =$air a#
    Mun#/a##en's 2r"s6 'Yu 2an#
    # mur"er #$e Luai"DiDAQQam!'
    $e (r#es#e"6
    'I, #$a#'s reall% #$e 2a% %u ,eel
    a/u# i#1 I'll g alng in #$e same
    =ar an" ge# mur"ere" 2i#$ $im1'
    Mun#/a##en re(lie"1 '/u# I'm n#
    ging # #$r2 #$e lea"ers ,
    ,i+e millin Si.$s in# Bail
    2i#$u# #$e agreemen# , #$se
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    g+ernrs6'
    T$a# nig$#1 #$e se=uri#%D
    =ns=ius Sa+age re#urne"
    #\La$re1 /rie,=ase s#u,,e" 2i#$
    #ile# (a(er as a "e=% ,r #$e
    le##er ,r Mun#/a##en # Jen.ins
    $e =arrie" #u=.e" in# $is
    un"er(ai He ,un" Jen.ins a# a
    re=e(#in n #$e la2n , !alle#i's
    H#el1 #$e man 2$ .ne2 mre
    a/u# #$e PunBa/ #$an an%
    @es#erner al rea" Mun#/a##en's
    le##er1 $is s$ul"ers sagge" in
    "es(air6
    '@$a#e+er =an 2e " ?' sig$e"
    Sir E+an Jen.ins6 'H2 =an 2e s'
    #$em?'
    !i+e "a%s la#er1 "uring #$e nig$#
    , 33 # 35 Augus#1 #$e Si.$s
    Tara Sing$ su==ess,ull% eCe=u#e"
    #$e ,irs# ($ase , #$e (rgram
    #$e%'" agree" 2i#$ #$e RSSS6
    T2 =$arges , geligni#e /urie"
    all i#s rig$# , 2a% "es#r%e" #$e
    ,irs# Pa.is#an S(e=ial ,i+e miles
    easi #$e )i""ar/a$a Railra"
    S#a#in in #$e !erQe(re
    Dis#ri=# , PunBa/6
    > > >
    Se'ues#ere" in a greenDs$u##ere"1
    s#u== /ungal2 n #$e e"ge
    Del$i's +i=eregal es#a#e1
    s2el#ering in #$e ((ressi+e
    summer $i Sir &%ril Ra"=li,,e
    /egan # #ra=e u# /un"ar%
    lines n a R= Engineers' ma(6
    T$e remrseless "eman" , all
    =n=erne" ,r s( $a" gi+en $im
    n al#erna#i+e /u# # (er,rm $is
    +i+ise=#in in sli#u"e , $is
    /ungal26 &u# ,, ,rm an%
    $uman =n#a=# 2i#$ grea# en#i#ies
    $e 2as "i+i"ing1 $e 2as ,r=e"
    # +isualiQe #$e im( , $is 2r.
    n areas #$a# see#$e" 2i#$ li,e1
    2i#$ nl% ma(s1 ((i #in #a/les1
    an" s#a#is#i=s # gui"e $im6
    Dail%1 $e 2as =m(elle" # sli=e
    a2a% a# an irriga#in s%s#em
    /e""e" in# #$e sur,a=e , #$e
    PunBa/ li.e #$e +eins in a man's
    $T 2i#$u# /eing a/le # see n
    #$e grun" #$e e,,e=# $is line
    2ul" $i Ra"=li,,e .ne2 2a#er
    2as li,e in #$e PunBa/ an" $e
    2$ =n#r #$e 2a#er =n#rlle"
    li,e6 Ye# $e 2as una/le # sur+e%
    #$e meani ings , $is line "2n
    e+en ne , #$se +i#al =n=re#e
    s(ill2a%s1 s$ ga#es an"
    reser+irs6
    Ne+er 2ul" $e 2al. in a ri=e
    (a""% r s#u"% #$e Bu#e ,iel"
    (en=il 2as ging # mu#ila#e6 He
    2ul" n# /e a/le # +isi# a sii
    ne , #$e $un"re"s , +illages
    #$rug$ 2$i=$ $is line 2ul"
    run =n#em(la#e i#s e,,e=# n #$e
    $el(less (easan#s i# mig$# isla#e
    ,i #$eir ,iel"s1 #$eir 2ells r #$eir
    ra"s6 N# n=e 2ul" $e /e a/l
    s,#en #$e $uman #rage"ies $is
    /un"ar% 2as =er#ain # (r"u=#
    ,ll2ing i#s #ra=e u(n #$e
    sur,a=e , #$e lan" $e 2as "i+i"
    &mmuni#ies 2ul" /e se+ere"
    ,rm #$e lan"s #$e% #ille"1 ,a=#
    ,rm #$eir ,reig$# "e(#s1 (2er
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    (lan#s ,rm #$eir gri"s1 all /e=B
    , #$e #erri/le $as#e In"ia's
    lea"ers$i( $a" im(se" n Ra"=l
    =m(elling $im # "emar=a#e1 n
    an a+erage ?4 miles , ,rn#ier
    e+er% "a%6
    T$e meagre #ls $e (ssesse"
    #urne" u# # /e $(elessl%
    ina"e'ua#e6 I# (r+e" alms#
    im(ssi/le # ,in" an r"nan=e
    ma( large enug$ # ser+e as $is
    mas#er ma(6 T$e "e#ails n #$e
    ma(s $e "i" ,in" 2ere ,#en
    ineCa=#6 T$e PunBa/'s +i#al ,i+e
    ri+ers1 $e n#e"1 $a" a =urius
    #en"en=% # s#ra% as mu=$ as a
    "Qen miles ,rm #$e /e"s
    assigne" #$em /% #$e PunBa/'s
    +aun#e" engineering ser+i=es6
    T$e ((ula#in #a/les 2$i=$
    2ere su((se" # /e $is (rimar%
    gui"e 2ere ina"e'ua#e an"
    =ns#an#l% "is#r#e" /% ea=$ si"e
    # su((r# #$eir =n,li=#ing
    =laims6
    Bengal (r+e" #$e sim(ler #as.6
    Ra"=li,,e $esi#a#e" ,r a lng
    #ime +er &al=u##a's ,a#e6 T$ere
    2as1 $e #$ug$#1 mu=$ lgi= in
    Jinna$'s =laim # i# s #$ere
    mig$# /e a uni#ar% ,l2 , Bu#e
    ,rm ,iel" # mill # (r#6 In #$e
    en"1 $2e+er1 $e ,el# i#s Hin"u
    maBri#% ((ula#in $a" #
    +errule e=nmi=
    =nsi"era#ins6 On=e $e $a"
    resl+e" #$a# 'ues#in1 #$e res# ,
    $is 2r. in Bengal 2as easier6
    His /un"ar%1 $2e+er1 2as 'Bus#
    a (en=il line "ra2n n a ma('
    2i#$ all #$e $ear#/rea. #$a#
    im(lie"6 Alms# n2$ere in #$a#
    #angle , s2am(s1 mars$es an"
    l2Dl%ing ,iel"s =ul" $e ,in"
    #$e (in#s , re,eren=e a
    /un"ar%Dma.er see.s1 ri+ers r
    a line , $ills6
    T$e PunBa/ 2as in,ini#el% mre
    "i,,i=ul#6 La$re's alms# e'uall%
    /alan=e" ((ula#ins s$rie.e"
    #$eir ri+al =laims # #$e =i#% 2i#$
    2$i=$ all ,el# su=$ a "ee(
    em#inal #ie6 !r #$e Si.$s1
    Amri#sar 2i#$ i#s )l"en Tem(le
    =ul" nl% /e in In"iaT %e# i# 2as
    2e"ge" /e#2een Mslem areas6
    Be%n" #$em 2as #$e msai= ,
    =mmunal (=.e#s se#
    $a($aQar"l% amngs# ea=$ #$er6
    Ei#$er1 Ra"=li,,e #$ug$#1 $e
    ,ll2e" # ((ula#in as $is sle
    gui"e1 =rea#ing a $s# ,
    unmanagea/le en=la+es # 2$i=$
    a==ess =ul" ne+er /e assure"1 r
    $e ,ll2e" #$e "i=#a#es ,
    gegra($% an" a mre
    managea/le /un"ar%1 an"
    l((e" #$e (=.e#s ,, 2i#$ all
    #$e #rage"% #$a# mig$# im(l% ,r
    #$se $e 2as =n"emning # li+e
    as minri#ies insi"e a $s#ile
    maBri#%6
    A/+e all1 as #$e 2ee.s , #$a#
    #erri/le summer (asse"1
    Ra"=li,,e su,,ere" ,rm #$e $ea#1
    #$e =ruel1 enner+a#ing $ea#6 T$e
    #$ree rms , $is resi"en=e
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    2ere li##ere" 2i#$ ma(s1
    "=umen#s an" re(r#s all #%(e"
    u# n #$in1 In"ian ri=e (a(er6 As
    $e $un=$e" +er $is "es.1
    slee+es rlle" u(1 #$se s$ee#s ,
    (a(er 2ul" s#i=. #6 $is
    s2ea#ing ,rearms1 lea+ing n
    #$eir "am( s.in 2$en $e $a"
    (eele" #$em ,, a (e=uliar
    s#igma#aH #$e smu"ge"1 gre%
    im(rin# , a ,e2 #%(e" 2r"s1
    ea=$ re(resen#ing1 (er$a(s1 #$e
    $(es1 #$e "es(era#e (leas ,
    #$usan"s , $uman /eings6
    T$e sl2l% re+l+ing 2"en
    /la"es , a ,an sus(en"e" ,rm
    #$e

    =eiling (r+i"e" #$e nl% air in
    #$e /ungal26 O==asinall%1
    =$arB /% sme m%s#erius surge
    , ele=#ri=i#%1 i# 2en# /erser.1
    ,illing /ungal2 2i#$ grea#1
    gus#% /urs#s , air6 Li.e lea+es in
    an au#u 2in"1 "Qens ,
    Ra"=li,,e's (a(ers 2ul" g
    s2irling arun" rm1 #$e
    +illages , #$e illD,a#e" PunBa/
    "ri+en /e,re s#rm6
    !rm a +er% earl% $ur1
    Ra"=li,,e .ne2 #$a# n ma##er
    2$a "i"1 #$ere 2ul" /e #erri/le
    /l"s$e" an" slaug$#er 2$en
    $is re 2as (u/lis$e"6 Alms#
    e+er% "a% as $e la/ure" +er
    $is /un" $e re=ei+e" re(r#s
    ,rm PunBa/i +illages1
    sme#imes #$e +er% = muni#ies
    2$se ,a#e $e 2as "e=i"ing1 in
    2$i=$ (e(le 2$ $a" 3 si"e /%
    si"e ,r genera#ins $a"
    su""enl% #urne" n ea=$ #$er
    ,renQ% , .illing6
    He sa2 +ir#uall% n ne6 E+er%
    #ime $e #rie" # +en#ure u#
    ==.#ail (ar#% r "inner1
    Ra"=li,,e ,un" $imsel,
    surrun"e (e(le (ressing #$eir
    =laims u(n $im6 His nl%
    re=rea#in 2as i ing6 In #$e
    a,#ernn1 $e 2ul" s#rll alng
    #$e ri"ge n 2$i= Bri#is$ $a"
    ga#$ere" #$eir ,r=es in 3:08 #
    =rus$ #$e mu#inei Del$i6
    A# mi"nig$#1 2ear% 2i#$ ,a#igue1
    $e 2ul" 2al. in #$e s#i,lini
    amng #$e gr+es , eu=al%(#us
    #rees in $is gar"en6 O==asinal!
    %ung I&S ai"e 2ul" 2al. 2i#$
    $im6 Usuall%1 a (risner , #$e
    anguis$ $e =ul" n# s$are1
    Ra"=li,,e (a=e" #$e gar"en in
    melan=$l% silen=e6
    O==asinall%1 #$e% #al.e"6
    Ra"=li,,e's sense , (r(rie#%
    2ul" n# all2 $im # s$are $is
    #erri/le /ur"ens 2i#$ an%/"%
    an" $is %ung ai"e 2as #
    =ir=ums(e=# # 'ues#in $im
    a/u# #$em6 An" s1 #2 l"
    OCnians1 #$e% #al.e" , OC,r"
    in #$e $# In"ian nig$#6
    Sl2l%1 2r.ing in /i#s an"
    (ie=es1 #a.ing #$e easies# an"
    ms# e+i"en# #$ings ,irs#1
    Ra"=li,,e s#re#=$e" $is /un"ar%
    "2n #$e ma( , In"ia6 As $e
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    "i" s1 ne #$ug$# $aun#e" $imH
    'I'm ging #$rug$ #$is #erri/le
    B/ as ,as#1 as 2ell as I =an1' $e
    #l" $imsel,1 'an" i# ma.es n
    "i,,eren=e /e=ause in #$e en"1
    2$en I ,inis$1 #$e% are all ging
    # s#ar# .illing ea=$ #$er
    an%2a%!'
    In #$e PunBa/ #$e% alrea"% $a"6
    T$e ra"s an" railra"s , 2$a#
    $a" /een #$e /es#Da"minis#ere"
    (r+in=e in In"ia 2ere unsa,e6
    Si.$ $r"es rame" #$e
    =un#r%si"e li.e /an"s ,
    A(a=$es1 ,alling n Mslem
    +illages r Mslem
    neig$/ur$"s6 A (ar#i=ular
    sa+ager% =$ara=#eriQe" #$eir
    .illings6 T$e =ir=umsise" (enises
    , #$eir male +i=#ims 2ere
    $a=.e" ,, an" s#u,,e" in# #$eir
    mu#$ r in# #$e mu#$ , a
    mur"ere" Mslem 2man6 In
    La$re ne e+ening a /i=%=lis#
    ra=e" u# , an alle%2a% (as# #$e
    =r2"e" =,,ee s$( 2$ere #$e
    =i#%'s ms# ren2ne" Mslem
    =riminal $el" =ur#6 He $urle" an
    enrmus1 /ellD/##me" /rass
    (# use" # =arr% mil. n # i#s6
    (a=.e" #erra=e6 T$e (# 2en#
    =langing #$rug$ #$e =,,ee
    $use1 sen"ing i#s ==u(an#s
    "i+ing ,r =+er6 @$en i# ,aile"
    # eC(l"e1 a 2ai#er (ene" i#6
    T$e (# =n#aine" a gi,# # #$e
    Mslem =riminal ,rm $is Si.$
    ri+als in =rime in Amri#sar6
    S#u,,e" insi"e ins#an#l%
    re=gniQa/le1 2as a su(reme
    (r+=a#inH s=res ,
    =ir=um=ise" (enises6
    In La$re mur"er an" arsn
    2ere s senseless1 s =$a#i= in
    na#ure1 #$a# # ne Bri#is$ (li=e
    ,,i=er i# seeme" 'li.e a =i#%
    =mmi##ing sui=i"e'6 T$e &en#ral
    Ps# O,,i=e 2as ,l"e" 2i#$
    #$usan"s , (s#=ar"s
    a""resse" # Hin"us an" Si.$s6
    T$e% "e(i=#e" men an" 2men
    /eing ra(e" an" slaug$#ere"6 On
    #$e /a=. 2as #$e messageH FT$is
    is 2$a# $as /een $a((ening #
    ur Si.$ an" Hin"u /r#$ers an"
    sis#ers a# #$e $an"s , #$e
    Mslems 2$en #$e% #a.e +er6
    !lee /e,re #$se sa+ages " #$is
    # %u6' T$e% 2ere (ar# , a
    =am(aign , (s%=$lgi=al
    2ar,are /eing =n"u=#e" /% #$e
    Mslem League # =rea#e (ani=
    amng Si.$s an" Hin"us6
    Mslem resi"en#s , La$re's
    g" resi"en#ial
    neig$/ur$"s1 n=e #$e ms#
    #leran# in In"ia1 $a" /egun #
    (ain# green Islami= =res=en#s n
    #$eir ga#e(s#s # (r#e=# #$eir
    +illas ,rm Mslem m/s6 On
    La2ren=e Ra"1 a Parsee
    /usinessman1 mem/er , a smal
    religius se=# una,,e=#e" /% #$e
    =mmunal ,renQ%1 (ain#e" a
    messagi n $is ga#e(s#6 I#s
    2r"s 2ere an e(i#a($ ,r
    La$re's ls# "ream
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    /r#$er$"6 'Mslems1 Si.$s
    an" Hin"us are all /r#$ers1' i#
    rea" '/u#1 O m% Br#$ers1 #$is
    $use /elngs # a Parsee6'
    As #$e (li=e1 largel% Mslem in
    La$re as else2$ere in #$
    PunBa/1 /egan # =lla(se1 #$e
    res(nsi/ili#% , s#emming #$e
    #i" , +ilen=e ,ell in=reasingl%
    n a $an",ul , Bri#is$ ,,i=ers6
    'Y gre2 =alluses n %ur
    em#ins1' remar.e" Pa#ri=.
    !armer1 (li=eman 2$ $a"
    (re+iusl% ,ire" a 2ea(n nl%
    n=e in ,i,#ee %ears , PunBa/
    ser+i=e6 'Yu learne" # use %ur
    #mm%Dgun ,irH an" as.
    'ues#ins la#er6'
    Bill Ri=$1 an#$er Bri#is$ (li=e
    ,,i=er1 remem/ere" ri"ii
    #$rug$ La$re's "ar.ene"
    /aQaars1 #$e $riQn rs% ,rm
    #$e gl , "is#an# ,ires1 2$ile
    Mslems n #$e r,#(s a/+e
    =alle" s,# # ea=$ #$er in #$e
    "ar.ness6 Li.e Ba=.als' =ries #$eir
    2$is(en 2arnings ,li##e" #$rug$
    #$e nig$#H 'Be2are1 /e2are1
    /e2are6'
    On an arms sear=$ in a 2re#=$e"
    m$alla1 an Ol" &i#% slum1 i
    ,,i=er 2$'" 2arne" , #$e (l#
    # .ill Jinna$1 )eral" Sa+a#
    /ange" (en #$e ,lims% "r , a
    $u#6 Bel2 $im in a s'uali"1 un
    rm1 $e =ul" see an l" man
    "%ing , small(C s#re#=$e" u#
    43 =$ar(i1 $is /"% 2i#$ere"1
    $is ,a=e a mass , (us an" sres1
    #erri/le smell li.e a mus#% rag
    (er+a"e" #$e rm6 Si=.ene" /%
    #l uneC(e=#e" glim(se , In"ia's
    #$er1 #imeless miseries1 Sa+O
    grane" an" =lse" #$e "r6
    De+#e" # In"ia1 (ru" , #$eir
    ser+i=e1 im/ue" 2i#$ a (a#ern
    is#i= /elie, in #$eir uni'ue
    =a(a=i#ies # (li=e #$e PunBa/1
    #$ese n 2ere em/i##ere" /% #$e
    +ilen=e s2ee(ing #$eir
    (r+in=e6 Tl /lame" #$eir
    su(erirs1 #$e Si.$s an" #$e
    Mslem League1 /u# a/i all1 #$e%
    /lame" #$e (ru" a"miral in
    -i=er%'s Huse an" 2$a# +I #
    #$eir e%es1 $is "amna/le $as#e in
    /ringing Bri#is$ rule in In"is an
    en"6
    E+en na#ure seeme" "e#ermine"
    # #$2ar# #$em in #$eir las# $e in
    #$e PunBa/1 ,ailing # (r+i"e #$e
    su==ur #$a# mig$# $a+e sa #$em6
    Da% a,#er "a%1 #$eir "es(airing
    e%es s=anne" #$e s.% ll ,r #$e
    =lu"s , a mnsn #$a# re,use"
    # =me6 T$e mns 2i#$ i#s
    las$ing s$ee#s , rain =ul" $a+e
    'uelle" #$e ,ires ra+aB #$e PunBa/
    =i#ies1 i#s =l air =ul" $a+e
    en"e" #$e ma""ening 3 "ri+ing
    men # +ilen# rage6 I# 2as1 #$e
    (li=e $a" al2a%s sai"1 ms#
    e,,e=#i+e ri# =n#rl 2ea(n in
    In"ia1 /u# i# 2as #$e 2ea(n #$a#
    2as n# #$eirs # =mman"6
    In Amri#sar1 #$e si#ua#in 2as
    e+en 2rse6 Mur"er 2as as r#
    an ==urren=e in i#s /aQaars an"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    alle%2a%s as (u/li= "e,e=a#in6
    =i#%'s Hin"us "e+ise" #$e =ruel
    #a=#i= , 2al.ing u( # an
    unsus(e=#ing Mslem an"
    s(las$ing $is ,a=e 2i#$ a +ial ,
    ni#ri= r sul($uri= a=i"6
    Arsnis#s 2ere in a=#in
    e+er%2$ere6
    T$e Bri#is$ Arm% 2as ,inall%
    =alle" in an" a A:D$ur =ur,e2
    (r=laime"6 E+en #$e res(i#e
    #$ese measures /rug$# 2as
    #em(rar%6 One "a%1 a,#er a
    (ar#i=ularl% sa+age u#/urs# ,
    arsn $a" s2e(# #$e =i#%1 i#s
    "es(airing Su(erin#en"en# ,
    Pli=e1 Rule Dean1 em(l%e" as
    a las# resr# a #a=#i= n# # /e
    ,un" in $is ri#D=n#rl manual6
    He r"ere" $is (li=e /an" # #$e
    =en#ral s'uare6 T$ere1 in #$e
    $ear# , #$a# =i#% "issl+ing in
    ,lames1 s#ruggling # ,r=e #$e
    sun" , #$eir musi= +er #$e
    =ra=.le , a "Qen maBr ,ires1
    #$e% ga+e a =n=er# , )il/er#
    an" Sulli+an1 as #$ug$
    sme$2 #$e .in"l% s#rains ,
    HMS Pina,re mig$# res#re
    reasn # a =i#% ging ma"6 S
    JSi " ^A;,I
    T .ee( r"er in #$e PunBa/ a,#er
    30 Augus#1 Mun#/a##en $a"
    "e=i"e" # se# u( a s(e=ial ,r=e
    , 001444 men6 I#s mem/ers
    2ul" /e =ulle" ,rm uni#s ,
    #$e In"ian Arm% li.e #$e
    )ur.$as1 2$se "is=i(line r
    ra=ial rigins ma"e #$em
    rela#i+el% immune # =mmunal
    (assins6 &alle" #$e PunBa/
    Bun"ar% !r=e1 #$e uni# 2as
    (la=e" un"er a Bri#n1 MaB6D)en6
    T6 @6 'Pe#e' Rees1 2$se /rillian#
    $an"ling , $is 37#$ In"ian
    Di+isin in Burma $a"
    im(resse" #$e -i=er%6 T$e ,r=e
    re(resen#e" "u/le #$e num/er
    , men #$e (r+in=e's g+ernr
    $a" es#ima#e" 2ul" /e re'uire"
    # main#ain r"er in #$e PunBa/
    in #$e e+en# , (ar#i#in6 @$en
    #$e s#rm /r.e1 $2e+er1 i#
    2ul" /e s2e(# asi"e li.e
    =as#al $u#s s(lin#ere" /% an
    unrlling #i"al 2a+e6
    T$e /lun# ,a=# 2as n ne1
    Ne$ru1 Jinna$1 #$e PunBa/'s
    .n2le"gea/le g+ernr1 #$e
    -i=er% liimsel,1 ,resa2 #$e
    magni#u"e , #$e "isas#er6 T$eir
    ,ailure # " s 2ul" /a,,le
    $is#rians an" ,=us a 2a+e ,
    =ri#i=ism n In"ia's las# -i=er%6
    Tleran#1 un/ig#e" #$emsel+es1
    Ne$ru an" Jinna$ ea=$ ma"e #$e
    gra+e errr , un"erDes#ima#ing
    #$e "egree # 2$i=$ =mmunal
    (assins #$e% "i" n# s$are =ul"
    in,lame #$e masses , #$eir
    su/=n#inen#6 Ea=$ man
    genuinel% /elie+e" (ar#i#in
    2ul" =l1 n# (r+.e
    +ilen=e6 T$e% assume" #$a#
    #$eir (e(le 2ul" rea=# #
    e+en#s 2i#$ #$e same
    reasna/leness as #$e% 2ul"6
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    T$e% 2ere /#$ grie+usl%
    2rng6 S2e(# u( in #$e eu($ria
    , '#$eir =ming in"e(en"en=e1
    $2e+er1 #$e% #. #$eir "esires
    ,r reali#% an" =mmuni=a#e"
    #$em # #$e rela#i+e ne2=mer in
    #$eir mi"s#1 #$e -i=er%6
    T$eir ,ailure # ,resee e+en#s
    2ul" $a+e /een mi#iga#e" $a"
    an% , #$e +aun#e"
    a"minis#ra#i+e r in#elligen=e
    ser+i=es 2i#$ 2$i=$ #$e
    Bri#is$ $a" g+erne" In"ia ,r a
    =en#ur% /een a/le # (re"i=# #$eir
    =urse6 Nne , #$em "i"6 As a
    resul#1 In"ia1 a((re$ensi+e /u#
    n# genuinel% alarme"1 $ea"e"
    ,r "isas#er6
    Irni=all%1 #$e ne In"ian lea"er
    2$ ,resa2 #$e a2,ul
    "imensins , #$e #rage"% a$ea"
    2as #$e man 2$ $a" #rie" s
    $ar" # (re+en# (ar#i#in6 )an"$i
    $a" s immerse" $imsel, in #$e
    li+es , In"ia's masses1 s$aring
    #$eir srr2 an" su,,erings1 #$eir
    "ail% eCis#en=e1 #$a# $e $a" a
    uni'ue a/ili#% # (er=ei+e #$e
    m" , $is na#in6 He 2as1 $is
    ,ll2ers 2ul" sme#imes sa%1
    li.e #$e (r($e# in an an=ien#
    In"ian legen" si##ing /% a 2arm
    ,ire n a =l" 2in#er's nig$#6
    Su""enl% #$e (r($e# /egins #
    #rem/le6
    'L. u#si"e1' $e #ells a "is=i(le1
    'sme2$ere1 in #$e "ar.ness a
    (r man is ,reeQing6'
    T$e "is=i(le l.s an" in"ee" a
    man is #$ere6 Su=$1 #$e%
    main#aine"1 2as )an"$i's
    in#ui#i+e ,eel ,r #$e sul ,
    In"ia6
    One "a%1 2$ile #$e -i=er% 2as
    =ns#ru=#ing $is PunBa/
    Bun"ar% !r=e1 a Mslem
    2man a##a=.e" )an"$i ,r $is
    ((si#in # (ar#i#in6 'I, #2
    /r#$ers 2ere li+ing #ge#$er in
    #$e same $use an" 2an#e" #
    se(ara#e an" li+e in #2 "i,,eren#
    $uses1 2ul" %u /Be=#?' s$e
    as.e"6
    'A$1' sai" )an"$i1 'i, nl% 2e
    =ul" se(ara#e as #2 /r#$ers6
    Bu# 2e 2ill n#6 I# 2ill /e an
    rg% , /l"6 @e s$all #ear
    ursel+es asun"er in #$e 2m/
    , #$e m#$er 2$ /ears us6'
    Mun#/a##en's real nig$#mare
    2as n# #$e PunBa/6 I# 2as
    &al=u##a6 Sen"ing #r(s #
    &al=u##a1 $e .ne21 2ul" /e
    ,u#ile6 I, e+er #ru/le /r.e u#
    in i#s ,e#i"1 (ullula#ing slums
    an" =nges#e" /aQaars1 n
    num/er , #r(s 2as ging #
    /e a/le # =n#rl i#6 In an%
    e+en#1 #$e =rea#in , $is ,r=e
    ,r #$e PunBa/ $a" #a.en alms#
    all #$e In"ian Arm% uni#s
    regar"e" as relia/le in =ase , a
    religius =n,li=#6
    'I, #ru/le $a" e+er s#ar#e" in
    &al=u##a1> Mun#/a##en 2ul"
    ne "a% re=all1 '#$e /l" #$a#
    2ul" $a+e ,l2n #$ere 2ul"
    $a+e ma"e an%#$ing #$a#
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    $a((ene" in #$e PunBa/ l. li.e
    a /e" , rses6'
    He 2ul" nee" an#$er #a=#i= #
    main#ain =alm in #$e =i#%6 T$e
    ne $e ,inall% =$se 2as a 2il"
    gam/le1 /u# #$e "angers in
    &al=u##a 2ere s grea#1 #$e
    resur=es a+aila/le # mee# #$em
    s limi#e"1 #$a# nl% a mira=le
    =ul" sa+e #$e si#ua#in an%2a%6
    T ere=# a "%.e agains# #$e
    =mmunal ,renQ% , #$e 2rl"'s
    ms# misera/le =i#%1 $e (lanne"
    # em(l% $is "eBe=#e" s(arr21
    Ma$a#ma )an"$i6
    He (u# $is i"ea # )an"$i in la#e
    Jul%6 @i#$ $is Bun"ar% !r=e1
    $e eC(laine"1 $e =ul" $l" #$e
    PunBa/1 /u# i, #ru/le /r.e u#
    in
    &al=u##a1 $e sai"1 '2e're sun.6 I
    =an " n#$ing6 T$ere's a /riga"e
    "2n #$ere1 /u# I "n'# e+en
    (r(se # rein,r=e i#T i,
    &al=u##a ges u( in ,lames1 2ell
    i# Bus# ges u( in ,lames6'
    'Yes1 m% ,rien"1' )an"$i #l"
    $im1 '#$is is #$e ,rui# , %ur
    (ar#i#in (lan6'
    I# mig$# /e1 Mun#/a##en
    a"mi##e"1 /u# nei#$er $e nr
    an%ne else $a" /een a/le #
    (r(se an al#erna#i+e slu#in6
    T$ere 2as1 $2e+er1 sme#$ing
    $e =ul" " n26 Per$a(s
    )an"$i1 #$rug$ #$e ,r=e , $is
    (ersnali#% an" $is nnD+ilen#
    i"eal1 =ul" a=$ie+e sme#$ing
    in &al=u##a 2$i=$ #r(s =ul"
    n# "6 Per$a(s $is (resen=e
    =ul" guaran#ee #$e (ea=e ,
    &al=u##a6 He1 )an"$i1 2ul" /e
    #$e sum ##al , #$e
    rein,r=emen#s #$e -i=er%
    2ul" sen" $is /eleaguere"
    /riga"es6 ) # &al=u##a1
    Mun#/a##en urge"1 '%u'll /e m%
    ne man /un"ar% ,r=eJS1
    Des(i#e Mun#/a##en's (lea1
    )an"$i $a" n in#en#in ,
    ging # &al=u##a6 He $a"
    alrea"% "e=i"e" $e 2ul" s(en"
    In"ia's in"e(en"en=e "a%
    (ra%ing1 s(inning an" ,as#ing
    /esi"e #$e #erri,ie" Hin"u
    minri#% , Na.$ali # 2$se
    sa,e#% an" (r#e=#in $e'"
    (le"ge" $is li,e n $is Ne2
    Year's Da% Pilgrimage ,
    Peni#en=e6 Mun#/a##en's1
    $2e+er1 2as n# # /e #$e nl%
    +i=e urging $im # #$e #errrD
    ri""en slums , &al=u##a6
    T$e 2ner , #$e se=n" +i=e
    2as #$e ms# unli.el% (li#i=al
    all% , M$an"as )an"$i n #$e
    en#ire In"ian su/D=n#inen#6
    In"ee"1 i, ne $a" "eli/era#el%
    se# u# # ,in" a man 2$
    re(resen#e" #$e +er% an#i#$esis ,
    e+er%#$ing #$e ageing )an"$i
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    2as as rem#e as (ssi/le ,rm
    )an"$i's aes#$e#i= eCis#en=e1 a
    mre i"eal ,igure #$an S$a$ee"
    Su$ra2ar"% =ul" n# $a+e /een
    ,un"6
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    T$e A8D%earDl" Su$ra2ar"%
    2as #$e (r##%(e , #$e
    =rruD#e"1 +enal (li#i=ian
    )an"$i mean# # =n"emn /% $is
    "es=ri(#in , #$e minis#ers
    2$m $e $(e" 2ul" rule a
    ne2 In"ia6 His (li#i=al
    ($ils($% 2as sim(leH n=e a
    man $a" /een ele=#e" # ,,i=e
    #$ere F 2as ne+er an% reasn #
    lea+e6 Su$ra2ar"% $a" assure"
    $is =n#inue" (resen=e in (2er
    /% using (u/li= ,un"s #
    main#ain a (ri+a#e arm% ,
    $"lums 2$1 'ui#e li#erall%1
    =lu//e" $is (li#i=al ri+als in#
    silen=e6
    During #$e 37A5 ,amine #$a# $a"
    "e+as#a#e" Bengal1 Su$ra2ar"%
    $a" in#er=e(#e" an" sl" n #$e
    /la=. mar.e# #ns , grain
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    &al=u##a1 an (era#in 2$i=$ $a"
    earne" $im millins , ru(ees6
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    /ar/er1 s(ar.le" 2i#$
    /rillian#ine6 @$ere )an"$i $a" s
    #$e (as# ,ur "e=a"es , $is li,e
    #r%ing # u(r# #$e las# +es#ig
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    /e""ing e+er% =a/are# "an=er
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    ,a# #$a# sl(e" ,rm $is /reas#s #
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    else2$ere1 Su$ra2ar"% $a" se
    s#age ,r #$e .illings 2$i=$ $a"
    ra+age" &al=u##a n Jinna$'s D
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    s#i &al=u##a6 Onl% $e1 $e sai"1
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    an" " #$e ,ires#rm , $a#e
    #$rea#ening #$e =i#%6
    'A,#er all1' $e (lea"e"1 '#$e
    Mslems $a+e as mu=$ a =laim
    n as #$e Hin"us6 Yu $a+e
    al2a%s sai" %u 2ere as mu=$ ,
    us ; #$e Hin"us6'
    One , )an"$i's uni'ue ,a=ul#ies
    $a" al2a%s /een "is=erninB /es#
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    in a ,e1 #$en su/#l% 2r.ing n
    i#1 a((ealing # i#6 He sen!
    genuine =n=ern in Su$ra2ar"%'s
    $ear# ,r #$e ,a#e , $isDM
    ,ll2ers6
    I, $e agree" # s#a% in &al=u##a1
    )an"$i sai"1 i# 2ul" /e n
    =n"i#ins6 !irs#1 Su$ra2ar"%
    2ul" $a+e # eC#ra=# ,rm
    Mslems , Na.$ali a slemn
    (le"ge , #$e sa,e#% , #$e Hi in
    #$eir mi"s#6 I, a single Hin"u
    2as .ille"1 )an"$i ma"e =lea
    2ul" $a+e n =$i=e /u# # ,as#
    # "ea#$6 In #%(i=al )an= ,as$in
    $e 2as #$rus#ing n Su$ra2ar"%
    #$e #erri/le mra s(nsi/ili#% ,r
    $is 2n li,e6
    @$en Su$ra2ar"% /rug$# $im
    #$e (le"ge $e 2an#e"1 )a se# u#
    #$e se=n" (ar# , $is /argain6
    He (r(se" #$e ms =ngruus
    allian=e imagina/le6 He 2as
    (re(are" # s#a%1 $e (r+i"e"
    Su$ra2ar"% =ame # li+e 2i#$
    $im "a% an" nig$#1 si= si"e1
    unarme" an" un(r#e=#e" in #$e
    $ear# , a sr"i" slu &al=u##a6
    T$ere1 #$e ""es# =u(le n #$e
    su/D=n#inen#1 #$e% 2 #ge#$er
    ,,er #$eir li+es as #$e gage ,
    #$e =i#%'s (ea=e6
    'I $a+e g# s#u=. $ere1' )an"$i
    2r#e # Del$i a,#er Su$ra2ar"%
    a==e(#e" $is i"ea1 'an" am n2
    ging # un"er#a.e a gra+e ris.6
    T$e ,u#ure 2ill re+eal i#sel,6
    *ee( =lse 2a#=$6'
    K > K
    Li.e #$e (eeling lea+es , an
    ar#i=$.e1 #$e las# (ages ,
    Mun#/a##en's ,amus =alen"ar
    =ame ,li=.ing ,,6 T #$e
    +er2r.e" -i=er% an" $is
    s#a,,1 #$se las# "a%s , Bri#is$
    rule in In"ia a((eare" '#$e ms#
    $e=#i= , an%'1 an" ea=$
    "isa((earing (age , #$e
    =alen"ar seeme" # =arr% i#s
    (r/lem6 T$e re,eren"um in #$e
    Nr#$D2es# !rn#ier Pr+in=e
    2$i=$ ga+e #$e #erri#r% #
    Pa.is#an $a" # /e rganiQe"1 as
    "i" a se=n" re,eren"um in
    S%$lle# near #$e grea# #ea
    (lan#a#ins , Assam6 T$ere
    2ere all #$e ,es#i+i#ies mar.ing
    in"e(en"en=e # /e arrange"6
    T$e &ngress lea"ers insis#e"
    '#$ere s$ul" /e (len#% , (m('
    # mar. #$e ==asin in #$e l"
    #ra"i#in , #$e RaB6 T$eir grim1
    gre% S=ialism =ul" =me la#er6
    &ngress r"ere" slaug$#er
    $uses #$rug$u# In"ia # /e
    =lse" n 30 Augus#6 !ree
    =inema s$2s 2ere # /e ,,ere"
    in all #$e na#ins' #$ea#res an" in
    Del$i e+er% s=$lD=$il" 2ul"
    re=ei+e a s2ee# an" an
    in"e(en"en=e me"al6 T$ere 2ere
    (r/lems6 In La$re1 a
    g+ernmen# annun=emen#
    "e=lare" #$a# 'in +ie2 , #$e
    "is#ur/e" si#ua#in1 an a=#i+e an"
    =lur,ul (rgramme $as /een
    rule" u#'6 T$e lea"ers$i( , #$e
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    rig$#D2ing Hin"u Ma$asa/$a1
    /i##er ((nen#s , In"ia's
    (ar#i#in1 #l" #$eir ,ll2ers1 'i#
    is im(ssi/le # reBi=e an"
    (ar#i=i(a#e in #$e =ele/ra#ins n
    30 Augus#6' T$e% urge" #$eir
    mem/ers ins#ea" # re"e"i=a#e
    #$emsel+es # #$e ,r=e,ul
    reuni,i=a#in , #$eir 'mu#ila#e"
    M#$erlan"'6
    A 2rangle +er (r#=l
    #em(raril% /rug$# (lans ,r
    Pa.is#an's in"e(en"en=e
    =ele/ra#ins # a $al#6 T$e (ru"
    Jinna$ 2an#e" (re=e"en=e +er
    #$e -i=er% "es(i#e #$e ,a=# #$a#1
    #e=$ni=all%1 $is "minin 2ul"
    n# /e=me in"e(en"en# un#il
    mi"nig$#6 He "i" n# ge# i#6
    T$ere 2ere #$er
    "isa((in#men#s in s#re ,r #$e
    Mslem lea"er6 One , #$e
    $rses #raine" # (ull #$e semiD
    s#a#e =arriage $e'" in$eri#e" /%
    #$e ,li( , a =in 2en# lame an"
    #$e -i=er% $a" # ,,er $im an
    (en Rlls ,r $is ,irs# ,,i=ial
    "ri+e #$rug$ #$e s#ree#s ,
    *ara=$i6 Jinna$ "re2 u( $imsel,
    #$e s=$e"ule , =eremnies $e
    2an#e" # mar. Pa.is#an's /ir#$6
    T$e% $a" /een s=$e"ule" #
    (en 2i#$ a ,rmal s#a#e
    lun=$en a# $is resi"en=e n
    T$urs"a%1 3? Augus# un#il1 a,#er
    sme em/arrasse" "is=ussin ,,
    s#age1 ne , $is ai"es "eli=a#el%
    remin"e" #$e man 2$ 2as
    a/u# # /e=me #$e $ea" , #$e
    2rl"'s ms# im(r#an# Islami=
    na#in #$a# T$urs"a%1 3? Augus#
    ,ell in #$e las# 2ee. , #$e $l%
    mn#$ , Rama"an 2$en ,ai#$,ul
    Mslems arun" #$e 2rl" 2ere
    eC(e=#e" # ,as# ,rm rise #
    sunse#6
    F@$ile #$e -i=er% an" #$e
    lea"ers , #$e #2 ne2
    "minins a##ei # #$se m%ria"
    "e#ails1 #$ree an" a $al, =en#uries
    , Bri#is$ =li #in , In"ia 2as
    ###ering # a =lse 2i#$ #$e ra##le
    , i=e #$usan" glasses1 #$e
    melan=$l% mu##er , ginD
    ins(ire" sen#in an" #$e s$rill1
    em(#% (le"ges , ==.#ailD(ar#%
    ,are2ells6 All ai #$e su/D
    =n#inen#1 a =rus$ing run" ,
    (ar#ies1 a# $mes1 "inners1
    ,are2ell re=e(#ins1 mar.e" #$e
    (assing , an era6
    Ms# , #$e Bri#is$ in In"ia1 ,
    =urse1 #$se =n=erne" ii
    =mmer=e 2$i=$ $a" /rug$#
    #$eir ,re/ears # $er s$res ii
    ,irs# (la=e1 2ere s#a%ing n6 !r
    941444 #$ers1 $2e+er1 sli I&S
    ,,i=ers1 (li=e ins(e=#rs1
    railra" engineers1 ,res#ers1
    muni=a#ins =ler.s1 i# 2as #ime
    # g /a=. # #$a# islan" #l
    al2a%s re,erre" # as 'u# $me'6
    !r sme1 #$e #ransi#in 2u
    (ain,ull% a/ru(#1 an alms#
    +ernig$# m+e ,rm a si
    g+ernr's mansin manne" /%
    s=res , ser+an#s # (rem
    re#iremen# in a =un#r% =##age
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    n a (ensin sn # /e ra+ag
    in,la#in6 T$ere 2ere ,e2 2$
    2ul" n# miss #$e g" li,i
    =lu/s an" #$e (l1 #$e ser+an#s
    an" #$e $un#ing in #$e s( =lima#e
    , #$e S=ialis# Bri#ain # 2$i=$
    #$e% 2ere re#urning %ears i# $a"
    /een a s#an"ar" B.e amng #$e
    Bri#is$ n #$e =n#inen# #$a# #$e
    /es# +ie2 , In"ia 2as ,rm #$e
    s#ern , a I s#eamer $me2ar"
    /un" ,rm Bm/a%6 Man% ,
    #$em in #$e ing 2ee.s1 $2e+er1
    2ul" remem/er #$a# sig$# as
    #$e ss +isin u(n 2$i=$ $is
    e%es e+er res#e"6
    In $un"re"s , /ungal2s #$e
    la=e "ilies1 #$e /ri"al sil+e #$e
    #iger s.ins an" #$e s#ries #$a#
    2en# 2i#$ #$em1 #$e
    ; mus#a=$ie" un=les ls# in #$e
    7#$ Bengal Lan=ers r S.i
    Hrse1 #$e (ugree $elme#s1 #$e
    "e(ressing "ar. an" slemn ,ui
    s$i((e" u# ,rm Ln"n A4
    %ears /e,re1 2as (a=.e" u( ,
    #ri( /a=.6
    A (e(le 2$se grea# ,aul# in
    In"ia1 @ins#n &$ur=$ill remar.1
    $a" /een #$eir al,ness1
    "e(ar#e" in a /urs# , un= #eris#i=
    =n+i+iali#%6 As #$ug$
    im(li=i#l% re=gniQing #$e ne+
    2$i=$ 2ul" ,ll2 #$eir
    "e(ar#ure1 sans1 s$er2ani #uni=s
    a ,l"s , =##n .$a"i miCe"
    2i#$ #$e /usiness sui#s an" "re
    #$e Bri#is$ in =lu/s an" $mes
    a=rss In"ia 2$ere #$e% $a" /een
    seen /e,re6 An eC#rar"inar% air
    , ,rien"liness in,use ga#$erings6
    I# 2ul" /e uni'ueH a =lniQing
    (e(le 2ere #$se #$e% $a"
    =lniQe" in a /urs# , g"2ill
    an" ,rien"s$
    T$e /aQaar , Ol"
    Del$i6&$an"ni &$2.6s2arme"
    2i#$ "e
    Bri#is$ =i+il ser+an#s /ar#ering
    -i=#rlas1 a re,rigera#r1 r e+en
    a =ar ,r Persian =ar(e#s1
    ele($an# #us.s1 i+r%1 gl" an"
    sil+er (ie=es e+en n ==asin1
    #$e s#u,,e" s.ins , #$e animals
    #$e%'" ne+er /een a/le # $un# in
    #$e Bungles , #$e su/D=n#inen#6
    T$ere 2ere #$e sa" lega=ies le,#
    /e$in"1 #$e mnumen#s1 #$e
    s#a#ues1 #$se lnel% =eme#eries
    2$ere alms# 5 millin
    Englis$men la% in Os=ar @il"e's
    '2an"ering gra+es' /% 'Del$i's
    @alls' an" 'A,g$an lan"s an"
    man% 2$ere #$e )anges ,alls
    #$rug$ se+en mu#$s , s$i,#ing
    san"'6
    T$e ,reign ,iel"s in 2$i=$ #$e%
    la% 2ul" n# /e ,re+er
    Englan"1 /u# a# leas# #$eir
    =us#"% 2ul" remain a Bri#is$
    (re==u(a#in6 Be=ause 'i# 2as
    un#$in.a/le 2e s$ul" lea+e ur
    Bri#is$ "ea" in ,reign $an"s'1
    #$e "e(ar#ing RaB $a" (r+i"e"
    ,r #$eir ,u#ure a"minis#ra#in /%
    Bri#ain's Hig$ &mmissin in
    In"ia6 In Englan"1 #$e
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    Ar=$/is$( , &an#er/ur% /egan
    a =lle=#in ,r a ,un" # (r+i"e
    ,r #$eir u(.ee(6>
    A "e=isin 2as ma"e # m+e
    #$e ,amus @ell , &a2n(re
    in# 2$i=$ Nana Sa$i/'s re/els
    $a" #$r2n #$e /u#=$ere"
    remnan#s , 704 men1 2men
    an" =$il"ren a# #$e $eig$# , #$e
    Mu#in% # #$e =eme#er% , #$e
    =i#%'s All Suls &$ur=$6 I#s
    ins=ri(#inH 'Sa=re" # #$e
    (er(e#ual memr% , a grea#
    =m(an% , &$ris#ian (e(le1
    =$ie,l% 2men an" =$il"ren
    2$1 a# #$is s(#1 2ere =ruell%
    massa=re" /% re/els , Nana
    D$m" Pan# , Bi#ar an" =as#1
    #$e "ea" an" #$e "%ing1 in# #$e
    2ell /el2' D 2as =+ere" n 30
    Augus# s as n# # ,,en"
    In"ian sensi/ili#ies6
    T$e "e(ar#ure 2as =$ara=#eriQe"
    /% e+en#s alms# ,u=$ingl%
    Bri#is$ in na#ure6 Un2illing #
    =n"emn #$eir #ug$ li##le (l
    (nies # ,inis$ #$eir li+es
    /e#2een #$e sl#s , a #nga =ar#1
    man% an arm% ,,i=er =$se #
    (u# $is mun#s "2n 2i#$ $is
    ser+i=e re+l+er T$e $un"re"
    $un"s in #$e (a=. , #$e $un# ,
    #$e S#a,, &llege a# Lue##a 2ere
    (u# "2n n #$e r"ers , #$e
    &llege's las# &mman"an#1
    &l6)erge Nel Sm%#$1
    /e=ause $e 2as una/le # ,in"
    #$em sui#a/le $mes6 T$e #as. ,
    .illing #$se '"elig$#,ul
    =m(anins 2i#$ 2$m 2e $a"
    s$are" s man% $urs , s(r#'
    2as1 #$e &lnel n#e"1 'ne ,
    #$e ms# (ain,ul in $is =areer6'
    E+en #$e -i=er%'s S#a,, "e+#e"
    (ar# , ne , i#s mee#ings1
    "es(i#e #$e a((alling "eman"s
    n i#s #ime1 # "e/a#ing 2$a#
    s$ul" /e #$e (r(er ,u#ure ,
    #$e In"ian *ennel &lu/ in a
    (ar#i#ine" In"ia6
    E T$e e,,r# 2as s$r#li+e" an"
    #$e $ar+es# i# (r"u=e" meagre6
    !e2 si#es $i In"ia a 'uar#er , a
    =en#ur% la#er are as ,rlrn an"
    "esla#e as #$se Bri#is$
    =eme#eries ging sl2l% 2il" ,r
    la=. , main#enan=e ,un"s6
    S=ree=$ing mn.e%s =$ase
    liQar"s a=rss #$e gre% =emen#
    sla/ +er Brig6 J$n Ni=$lsn
    2$ le" #$e (s#Dr,=u#in% assaul#
    n Del$i1 an" ,rm Ma"ras #
    Pes$a2ar1 #$e 2ee"s an" 2il"
    grass n2 /s=ure #$e ,a"ing
    ins=ri(#ins n #$e #m/s #$e
    Bri#is$ le,# /e$in"6
    Mun#/a##en issue" s#ri=# r"ers
    #$a# e+er%#$ing 2as # /e le,
    /e$in"1 all #$e s#ern il (r#rai#s
    , &li+e an" Has#ings an"
    @ellesleI all #$e s#ur"% s#a#ues
    , $is grea#Dgran"m#$er
    -i=#ria1 all #$e seal! #$e
    sil+er2are1 #$e /anners1 #$e
    uni,rms1 #$e "i+erse
    (ara($ernali , #$e RaB 2ere #
    /e le,# # In"ia an" Pa.is#an ,r
    2$a#e+er use #$e 2an#e" # ma.e
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    , #$em6
    Bri#ain1 $is &$ie, , S#a,, Lr"
    Isma% n#e"1 2an#e" In"ia'# l.
    /a=. u(n ur ass=ia#in , #$e
    (as# #2 $un"re" %ears 2i#
    (ri"e6 I# is #rue1' $e a"mi##e"1
    '#$e% ma% n# 2an# #$se
    remin"er /u# i# is u( # #$em #
    sa% s6'
    Des(i#e #$e -i=er%'s r"ers1 n#
    all #$e #reasures , Bri#is$ ru
    2ul" /e le,# /e$in"6 On
    ==asin1 Bri#is$ ,,i=ers in #$e
    In"is Arm% 2al.e" ,, 2i#$
    (ie=es , #$eir regimen#al sil+er6
    In Bm/a% (air , assis#an#
    ins(e=#rs , =us#ms 2ere
    summne" # #$e ,,i , #$eir
    "e(ar#ing su(erir1 -i=#r
    Ma##$e2s6
    >@e ma% /e li'ui"a#ing #$e
    em(ire1' Ma##$e2s gr2le"1 '/
    2e're n# #urning #$is #reasure
    +er # In"ian $an"s6' He (in#e"
    #= large me#al l=.er /e$in" $is
    "es. # 2$i=$ $e $a" #$e nl%
    .e%6
    J$n @ar" Orr1 ne , $is #2
    su/r"ina#es1 #imi"l% (ene" #
    /C1 2n"ering i, i# 2ul"
    =n#ain sme (ri=eless Hin"u
    s=ul(#uH sme Be2elle" Bu""$a6
    T $is sur(rise1 $e sa2 i# 2as
    ,ille" 2i#$ ne (iles , /.s6 He
    (i=.e" u( ne an" imme"ia#el%
    un"ers#" # na#ure , #$e
    #reasure6 T$e #run. 2as a
    su(reme a==la"e # #
    /ureau=ra#i= min"6 In a lan"
    2$se #em(le 2alls 2ere
    =+ere" #$e ms# er#i=
    s=ul(#ures e+er ,as$ine" /% #$e
    ,ingers , man1 =n#aine" a
    sele=#in , #$e (rngra($%
    2$i=$1 +er #$e =urse ,i,#%
    %ears1 Bri#ain's Qealus =us#ms'
    ,,i=ers $a" a"Bu"ge" # s=a/rus
    # all2 n # In"ian sil6 Orr
    (i=.e" u( ne1 an al/' =alle" T$e
    ?7 Psi#ins , L+e6 T$e
    (rsai= (s#ures i# re=mmen"
    $e1 n#e"1 /re a/u# as mu=$
    rela#in # #$e elegan# an"
    imagina# "elig$#s (ra=#ise" /%
    #$e Hin"u "ei#ies in #$e #em(les
    , *$aBun as an +er2eig$#
    "2ager's 2al#Qing 2ul" # #$e
    (irue##es , (rima /allerina ,
    #$e Balle# Russe6
    Ma##$e2s slemnl% eC#en"e" #$e
    .e% , #$e #run. # @illi @i#=$er1
    #$e senir , $is #2 ai"es6 He
    =ul" n21 $e "e=lai lea+e In"ia
    se=ure in #$e .n2le"ge #$a# #$e
    =us#ms' grea #reasure remaine"
    in Bri#is$ =us#"%6>
    > T$e ,amus #run. remaine"
    sa,e inS Bri#is$ .ee(ing ,r
    alms# an= "e=a"e6 @i#=$er .e(#
    i# in $is 2n $me 2$ere i# 2as
    ,un" /% $is 2i,e "aug$#er , an
    Angli=an /is$(6 T$e g"
    2man alms# =lla(se" 2$en
    "a%1 a,#er $er $us/an" $a"
    ina"+er#en#l% le,# i# (en1 s$e
    (eere" insi"e6 @i#i in #urn1
    (asse" #$e #run. n $is "e(ar#ure
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    # Orr6 @$en i# 2as Orr's #urn #!
    in 3700 #$ere 2ere1 alas1 n
    sur+i+rs le,# , #$e $ig$Dmin"e"
    line # Bi

    Bm/a%1 Augus# 37A8
    As al2a%s1 $e 2as alne6
    S$ru"e" in silen=e1 M$amme"
    Ali Jinna$ 2al.e" #$rug$ #$e
    earl% mrning sunlig$# #2ar"s a
    sim(le s#ne gra+e in a =rner ,
    Bm/a%'s Mslem =eme#er%6
    T$ere1 $e (er,rme" a ges#ure
    2$i=$1 in #$e "a%s # =me1
    millins , #$er Mslems
    2ul" (er,rm /e=ause , 2$a#
    $e $a" 2rug$#6 Be,re se##ing
    ,, # $is (rmise" lan" ,
    Pa.is#an1 Jinna$ (la=e" a las#
    /u'ue# n #$e #m/ $e 2as
    lea+ing /e$in" ,re+er in In"ia6
    Jinna$ 2as a remar.a/le man1
    /u# (r/a/l% n#$ing in $is li,e
    $a" /een mre remar.a/le r
    mre seemingl% u# , =$ara=#er
    #$an #$e "ee( an" (assina#e
    l+e 2$i=$ $a" lin.e" #$e
    aus#ere Mslem lea"er # #$e
    2man /enea#$ #$a# #m/s#ne6
    T$eir l+e an" marriage $a"
    "e,ie" alms# e+er% a==e(#e"
    =ann , #$e In"ian s=ie#% ,
    #$eir "a%6 In"ee"1 #$e 2man
    s$ul" n# e+en $a+e /een #$ere
    in an Islami= =eme#er%6 T$e 2i,e
    , In"ia's Mslem Messia$ $a"
    n# /een /rn in# #$e ,ai#$ ,
    M$amme"6 Ru##en/$ai Jinna$
    $a" /een /rn a Parsee1 #$e
    "es=en"an#s , #$e Rras#rian
    ,ire 2rs$i((ers , an=ien#
    Persia 2$ le,# #$e =r(ses ,
    #$eir "ea" n 2a#=$#2ers # /e
    =nsume" /% #$e +ul#ures6
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    2$se allegian=e #$e%
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    =mman"e" #$e l=a#in , #$eir
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    =areers s(en# #ge#$er in s(e=ial
    ,ra#erni#% , #$e uni,rm an"
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    AN OLD MAN AND
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    108
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    108
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    =a#as#r($e6
    'Sir1' $e /egge"1 '%u mus# ge#
    Jinna$ # =an=el #$e (r=essin6'
    Eig$#een $urs a,#er an angr%
    m/ $a" s#ne" #$e grea#es#
    In"ian , #$e =en#ur%1 a# 7644
    a6m61 T$urs"a% 3A Augus#1 3:44
    miles ,rm Beliag$a#a Ra"1
    )an"$i's (rin=i(al (li#i=al ri+al
    (re(are" #= sa+ur #$e
    a(#$esis , $is lng s#ruggle6
    M$amme" Ali Jinna$ $a"
    su==ee"e" 2$ere #$e srr2ing
    lea"ei in #$e ruins , H%"ari
    Huse $a" ,aile"6 Des(i#e
    )an"$i1 "es(i#e #$e "i=#a#es ,
    lgi= an" reasn1 "es(i#e1 a/+e
    all1 #$e ,a#al "iseas, l=.e" in $is
    lungs1 Jinna$ $a" "i+i"e" In"ia6
    In a ,e2 mmen#s ai aus#ere
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    assem/l% $all in *ara=$i 2ul"
    2i#ness #$e /ir#$ , #$e ms
    ((ulus Mslem na#in in #$e
    2rl"6 Range" in #$e s$ellD
    s$a(ee $all's =ir=ling r2s ,
    sea#s 2ere #$e re(resen#a#i+es ,
    #$e AH millin (e(le Jinna$ $a"
    le" n #$eir Hegira #
    na#in$"6
    T$e% 2ere a =lur,ul assem/l%H
    s#li" PunBa/isDin gre% as#ra.$ai
    =a(s an" #ig$#l% /u##ne"
    s$er2anis1 2$i#e +ersins , a
    (ries#' =ass=.T gl2ering
    Pa#$ansT @aQirs1 Ma$su"s1
    A,ri"is1 /eige an; gl"D,le=.e"
    #ur/ans #2is#e" +er #$eir $ea"s1
    mus#a=$es s=arrinB #$eir 2in"D
    /urne" ,a=esT s$r#1 "ar.
    Bengalis1 re(resen#a#i+es , i
    (r+in=e Jinna$ $a" ne+er
    +isi#e" an" 2$se (e(le $e
    mis#rus#e" #ri/al lea"ers ,rm
    Balu=$is#anT 2men ,rm #$e
    In"us -alle%1 #$ei $ea"s
    s$ru"e" in sa#in /ur'asT 2men
    , #$e PunBa/ in gl" s(e=.le"
    s$al2ars1 #uni=s1 +er /ellD
    /##me" =ul##es6
    Besi"e Jinna$1 sa# #$e -i=er%
    ,rm 2$se relu=#an# $an"s #$
    Mslem lea"er $a" (rise" $is
    s#a#e6 Mun#/a##en gl2e" in $i
    2$i#e na+al uni,rm an" #$e
    "e=ra#ins $e s l+e" #
    2ear1 T s(len"i"l% ,i##ing ,igure
    ,r #$e ==asin1 #$e ,irs# , #$e
    =eremnie 2$i=$1 in #$e =urse
    , #$e neC# ?9 $urs1 2ul"
    ,rmall% #ermina# Bri#ain's
    +erlr"s$i( , #$e su/D
    =n#inen#6
    A #au# smile =reasing $is
    =m(se" ,ea#ures1 Mun#/a##en
    rs # "eli+er #$e Ring's g"
    2is$es # $is ne2es# "minin6
    T$e Mun#/a##en1 # =ele/ra#e an
    ==asin $e $a" $(e" 2ul"
    ne+e #a.e (la=e1 "e=lare"H 'T$e
    /ir#$ , Pa.is#an is an e+en# in
    $is#rB His#r% seems sme#imes
    # m+e 2i#$ #$e in,ini#e
    sl2ness , gla=ier1 an"
    sme#imes # rus$ ,r2ar" in a
    #rren#6 Jus# n21 in #$i (ar# ,
    #$e 2rl"1 ur uni#e" e,,r#s
    $a+e mel#e" #$e i=e an" m+e
    sme im(e"imen#s ,rm #$e
    s#ream an" 2e are =arrie" in #$e
    ,u ,l"6 T$ere is n# #ime #
    l. /a=.6 T$ere is nl% #ime #
    l. ,r2ar"6'
    @i#$ #$se 2r"s1 #$e -i=er%
    l.e" si"e2a%s #2ar"s Jinna$6
    His "is"ain,ul ,a=e1 $is
    (ar=$men#D"r% s.in1 emi##e"
    e+en a# #$is
    su(reme ins#an# n mre #ra=e ,
    em#in #$an #$e ,ea#ures , a
    P$arani= "ea#$ mas.6
    D>1i 5 ? ^ VG ^ J
    T 2ul" li.e # eC(ress m%
    #ri/u#e # Mr Jinna$1' $e
    "e=lare"6 'Our =lse (ersnal
    =n#a=# an" #$e mu#ual #rus# an"
    un"ers#an"ing #$a# $as gr2n
    u# , i#1 are1 I ,eel1 #$e /es#
    mens ,r ,u#ure g" rela#ins6'
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    As $e "rne" #$rug$ $is
    ri#ualis#i= ($rases1 Mun#/a##en
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    2ere a""resse"6 T$e -i=er% $a"
    $a" n mre su==ess in
    (ersua"ing Jinna$ # =an=el #$eir
    #$rea#ene" (r=essin #$an $e
    $a" $a" in #r%ing # ge# $im #
    a/an"n $is "ream , Pa.is#an6
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    #$rug$ #$e s#ree#s , *ara=$i in
    a =lse" =ar 2ul" $a+e /een1
    Jinna$ ,el#1 an a=# , =2ar"i=e6
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    emergen=e , #$e na#in ,r
    2$i=$ $e'" 2r.e" s $ar" 2i#$
    a ges#ure li.e #$a#6 &me 2$a#
    ma%1 Mun#/a##en 2as ging #
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    assassin's /m/ in an (en =ar1
    a# #$e si"e , a man $e "isli.e"1
    # =ele/ra#e #$e /ir#$1 , a na#in
    # 2$se =rea#in $e $a" /een
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    'T$e #ime $as =me # /i" %u
    ,are2ell1' $e =n=lu"e"6 'Ma%
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    ma% s$e =n#inue in ,rien"s$i(
    2i#$ $er neig$/urs an" 2i#$ all
    #$e na#ins , #$e 2rl"6'
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    l.e" li.e a ((e gi+ing an
    au"ien=e # #$e ,ai#$,ul 2i#$ $is
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    #$e /ase , $is ema=ia#e" #$ra#6
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    =lniQe" 2ere (ar#ing as
    ,rien"s1 $e agree"1 'an" I
    sin=erel% $(e #$a# 2e s$all
    remain ,rien"s6' A 3?D=en#ur%Dl"
    Islami= #ra"i#in , #leran=e ,r
    #$e /elie,s , #$ers 2ul"1 $e
    (rmise"1 '/e ,ll2e" an"
    (ra=#ise" /% us6' Pa.is#an1 $e
    "e=lare"1 '2ul" n# /e ,un"
    2an#ing in ,rien"l% s(iri# /% ur
    neig$/urs an" all #$e na#ins ,
    #$e 2rl"6'
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    i#1 #$e s(ee=$es 2ere +er1 #$e
    #rial a# $an"6 Si"e /% si"e1 #$e
    #2 men1 ri+als in s man%
    "mains1 emerge" ,rm #$e grea#
    #ea. "rs , #$e assem/l% $all6
    @ai#ing /e,re #$em 2as #$e
    /la=. (en RllsDR%=e #$a# 2as
    # =arr% #$em #$rug$ #$eir
    r"eal6 'T$e "amn #$ing l.s
    li.e a $earse1' Mun#/a##en
    #$ug$#6 !r a /rie, se=n"1 $e
    ,iCe" $is e%es n $is 2i,e6 He
    $a" gi+en $er "ri+er s#ri=# r"ers
    # s#a% 2ell /e$in" $is =ar6 He
    2as =er#ain s$e 2ul" ,in" a
    2a% # #$2ar# #$em6
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    a series , grisl% images ,r=e"
    #$eir 2a% a=rss Mun#/a##en's
    min"T a +i+i"1 men#al (i=#ure
    s=reene" /e$in" $is =are,ull%
    arrange" (u/li= ,a=a"e6 T$e%
    $a" n#$ing # " 2i#$ #$is
    (r=essin6 T$e% 2ere #$e g$s#s
    , (r=essins (as#1 s#irre" /%
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #$e (ages , #$se genealgi=al
    =$ar#s 2$i=$ 2ere Mun#/a##en's
    (assin6 On # ne , #$eir
    /ran=$es1 $e $a" me#i=ulusl%
    (la=e" #$e name , $is grea#D
    un=le1 #$e Tsai AleCan"er II1
    n#ing /% $is name1 '"e=ease" 3?
    !e/ruar% 3::3'6 AleCan"er II $a"
    /een /l2n in# lum(s ,
    s""en ,les$ in Sainl Pe#ers/urg
    D /% a /m/ #$r2n in# $is
    (en =arriage6 !ur#$er "2r #$a#
    same /ran=$ , $is ,amil% 2as
    #$e name , an#$er un=le1 #$V
    )ran" Du.e Serge1 .ille" in
    374A /% an anar=$is#'s /m/ in
    ai alms# i"en#i=al in=i"en#6 On
    s#ill an#$er (age1 2as #$e en#r%
    /earinB #$e name , $is =usin
    Ena 2$ $a" gne # $er
    2e""ing # S(ain' Al,ns MIII1
    $er sa#in 2e""ing g2n =+ere"
    2i#$ #$e ,les$ am /l" , #$e
    =a=$man .ille" /% a /m/
    #$r2n in# $er =arriage
    )r#es'ue ($an#ms ,rm $is
    ,amil%'s (as#1 #$e% seeme" n2 #
    =r2" in# $is (en RllsDR%=e
    alng 2i#$ #$e %ung -i=er%6
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    s#ar#e"6 T$e% "i" n# s(ea.6 H
    $a" ne+er .n2n Jinna$ # /e
    an%#$ing /u# #ense1 Mun#/a##e
    #$ug$#1 /u# n2 #$e #ensin
    ra"ia#ing ,rm $is /eing 2as
    almH (al(a/le6 A $ear#Ds#((ing
    ?3Dgun +i=eregal salu#e ,ll2e"
    #$ei "2n #$e "ri+e u# in#
    *ara=$i's s#ree#s6 T$ere1 #$e
    =r2"s 2ei 2ai#ing1 #$e
    enrmus1 $a((%1 eCul#ing
    =r2"s1 a sea , ann%mi ,a=es
    =n=ealing sme2$ere1 n sme
    s#ree# =rner1 a# sme #urnin a#
    sme 2in"2 le"ge r r,#(1
    #$e ,a=e , #$e man 2$ 2an#>
    # .ill #$em6 T$e #$reeDmile
    ru#e 2as line" /% #r(s /u#
    #$eir /ae 2ere all # #$e =r2"6
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    seem in la#er %ears as #$uB #$a#
    ?4Dminu#e ri"e $a" las#e" 5A
    $urs6 T$e% m+e" a# a (a
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    =linging # lam(D(s#s an" #e
    ($ne (les1 "angling ,rm
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    #$e Rlls 2ere li+ing1 #$e%
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    an% se=n" a $an" grena"e =i
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    !r=e" # res(n" # #$e reBi=i
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    $a" n =$i=e /u# # a=# u
    gr#es'ue =$ara"e6 Mun#/a##en
    2ul" ne+er ,rge# $a+ing # (u
    $is $an" u( an" "2n in
    r$%#$mi= 2a+es1 ,r=ing a smile
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    n # ,a=e1 2$ile $is e%es .e(#
    s2ee(ing #$e =r2"1 s#u"%ing
    #$se ,ai

    l.ing ,r a sullen s#are1 a (air
    , ,rig$#ene" e%es1 sme =lue #
    #ell $im '$ere1 #$is is 2$ere i#'s
    ging # $a((en'6
    I# 2as n# #$e ,irs# #ime $e $a"
    /een in su=$ a si#ua#in in In"ia6
    During #$e Prin=e , @ales' #ur
    #$e &ID $a" un=+ere" a (l# #
    #$r2 a /m/ in# #$e r%al =ar
    as $e r"e #$rug$ #$e s#ree#s ,
    #$e S#a#e , B$ara#(ur n :
    De=em/er 37536 Yung
    Mun#/a##en $a" /een /lige" #
    mas'uera"e as $is =usin /%
    ri"ing a# #$e $ea" , #$e r%al
    (r=essin in #$e =ar usuall%
    ==u(ie" /% #$e Prin=e6
    T$e memries , #$a# $arr2ing
    eC(erien=e ,las$e" #$rug$ $is
    min" n2 as $e 2a#=$e" #$a# sea
    , ,a=es sli"e (as#6 '@$i=$ ne is
    i#?' $e .e(# #$in.ing6 'Is i# #$a#
    ne I'm 2a+ing #? Or #$e ne
    /esi"e $im?' T$ere 2ere #$e sill%
    re,le=#ins6 He remem/ere" a
    mili#ar% se=re#ar% # a g+ernr
    , Bengal 2$'" =aug$# an
    assassin's /m/ an" #$r2n i#
    /a=.T /u# #$en1 Mun#/a##en
    remin"e" $imsel,1 $e'" ne+er
    /een a/le # =a#=$ a =ri=.e# /all6
    He .e(# #$in.ing , $is 2i,e
    /e$in" $im1 2n"ering i, s$e'"
    su==ee"e" in =un#erman"ing $is
    r"ers6 He "i" n# "are in#erru(#
    $is +igil e+en ,r a se=n" #
    #urn arun" # see6 &easelessl%1
    $is e%es s=anne" #$e $riQn
    a/+e #$e =r2"1 ra"ar /ea=ns
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    (ie=e , me#al ,l%ing #2ar"s #$e
    =ar6
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    ,rm #$e /al=n% , $is $#el n
    -i=#ria Ra"1 a %ung man
    #ig$#ene" $is gri( n #$e &l# DA0
    s2elling $is =a# (=.e#6 @$ile
    $is e%es 2a#=$e" #$e ,a=es
    2a+ing ,rm #$e 2in"2s , #$e
    /uil"ing ((si#e1 $e sl2l%
    ,li=.e" ,, #$e sa,e#% =a#=$ , $is
    2ea(n6 @$en Mun#/a##en's
    =ar neare" $is /al=n%1 )6 D6
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    2r" , #$e (l# # Del$i1 '(u# u(
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    rig$# # $a+e #$a# 2ea(n6 His
    ser+i=e 2i#$ #$e PunBa/ (li=e
    $a" en"e" 5A $urs earlierT $e
    2as n $is 2a% $me #
    Englan"6
    In #$eir =ar1 Mun#/a##en an"
    Jinna$ =n#inue" # mas. #$eir
    a((re$ensin /e$in" #$eir
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    #$e ris.s #$e% $a" #a.en #$a# #$e%
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    sin=e ge##ing in# #$e =ar6 T$e
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    =ri#i=s =nsi"ere" $is 2rs#
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    ,ailing1 2as #$e -i=er%'s
    grea#es# =m,r# as #$e s#rain
    mun#e"6 FT$ese (e(le li.e
    me1' $e .e(# #elling $imsel,6
    'A,#er all1 I $a+e gi+en #$em
    #$eir in"e(en"en=e6' He =ul"
    n# /elie+e #$ere 2ere men in
    #$a# =r2" 2illing # .ill $im6
    His (resen=e1 $e sin=erel%
    #$ug$#1 mig$# sa+e Jinna$6
    FT$e% Bus# 2n'# .ill $im1' $e
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    same #ime6'
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    ,ee#6 He .e(# $is $an" ,iCe" n
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    (asse" /e%n" #$e range 2$ere
    $e =ul" ,,er i#s ==u(an#s an%
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    (ure" $imsel, ,ur ,ingers
    S=#=$6
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    2a% # mena=ing silen=e6 A
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    2$ere i# 2ill $a((en6 !r ,i+e
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    AN OLD MAN AND
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    $a" /een rus$ing # La$re
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    Pna in an In"ian Arm%
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    37A8
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    AN OLD MAN AND
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #$e (rina =as#e6
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    AN OLD MAN AND
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    na#in , 580 millin Hin"us1 84
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    344144 Parsees an" 5A1444 Je2s
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    54 millin a/rigines sme li.e
    #$e Nagas , Nagalan" s#ill
    $un#ing $uman $ea"s6 II millin
    In"ians 2ere essen#iall% nma"s1
    eCer=ising $ere"i#ar% =
    =u(a#ins as sna.e =$armers1
    ,r#une #ellers1 g%(sies1 Bugglers1
    2a#e "i+iners1 magi=ians1 #ig$#D
    r(e 2al.ers1 $er/ +en"rs1
    2$i=$ .e( #$em =ns#an#l%
    m+ing ,rm +illage # +illage6
    ?: #$usanV In"ians 2ere /rn
    e+er% "a%1 a 'uar#er , #$em #
    "ie /e,re #$e ag , ,i+e6 34
    millin #$er In"ians "ie" ea=$
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    un"ernuris$men# an" "iseases
    li.e small(C era"i=a#e" in ms
    (ar#s , #$e ear#$6
    T$eir grea# su/D=n#inen# 2as
    #$e ms# in#ensel% s(iri#ual area
    ii #$e nDirl"T /ir#$(la=e , ne
    grea# religin1 Bu""$ismT
    m#$erlan=


    504

    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT

    @HILE THE @ORLD SLEPT

    503

    , Hin"uismT "ee(l% in,luen=e"
    /% IslamT a lan" 2$se )"s
    =ame in a /e2il"ering arra% ,
    ,rms an" ,iguresT 2$se
    religius (ra=#i=es range" ,rm
    %ga an" #$e ms# in#ensi+e
    me"i#a#in , 2$i=$ #$e $uman
    s(iri# 2as =a(a/le1 # animal
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    sa=ri,i=e an" "e/au=$e" seCual
    rgies (er,rme" in =lan"es#ine
    Bungle #em(les6 T$e (an#$en ,
    #$e Hin"us =n#aine" +er ?
    millin "ei#ies1 a )" ,r e+er%
    m%#$i= mani,es#a#in an"
    (ra=#i=al nee" imagina/le6 T$ere
    2ere )"s an" )""esses ,r
    #$e "an=e1 (e#r%1 sngT ,r
    "ea#$1 "es#ru=#in an" "iseaseT
    )""esses li.e Mar.$ai De+i a#
    2$se ,ee# ga#s 2ere sa=ri,i=e"
    # =$e=. =$lera e(i"emi=s1 an"
    )"s li.e De+a In"ra 2$ 2as
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    =a(a=i#ies a.in # #$se
    "is(la%e" n In"ia's grea# #em(le
    ,rieQes6 )" 2as $el" mani,es#
    in /an%an #rees1 in In"ia's 3?9
    millin mn.e%s1 in #$e $eres
    , $er m%#$lgi=al e(i=s1 in $er
    544 millin sa=re" =2sT
    2rs$i((e" in F$er sna.es1
    (ar#i=ularl% =/ras1 2$ ea=$
    %ear .ille" 541444 , #$e
    '$umans 2$ +enera#e" #$em6
    In"ia's se=#s in=lu"e"
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    an=ien# Persia's ,ire 2rs$i((ers1
    an" Jains1 a Hin"u ,,s$#
    2$se a"$eren#s in #$e lan" ,
    #$e 2rl"'s l2es# li,e
    eC(e=#an=%1 $el" all eCis#en=e s
    sa=re" #$a# #$e% re,use" # ea#
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    ina"+er#en#l% in$ale an" .ill an
    inse=#6
    T$e na#in 2ul" em/ra=e sme
    , #$e ri=$es# men in #$e 2rl"
    an" ?44 millin (easan#s li+ing
    n #$e ,rn#iers , eCis#en=e1
    "is(erse" +er 2$a# mig$# $a+e
    /een ne , #$e ear#$'s ri=$es#
    sur,a=es an" 2as ne , i#s
    (res#6 :? P , In"ia's
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    =a(i#a in=me a+erage" ,i+e
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    sle(#1 "e,e=a#e"1 ,rni=a#e"1 an"
    "ie" in #$eir (en s#ree#s6 In"ia
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    33A =ms a %ear1 /u# $er s.ies
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    .ilme#res , $er lan"1 an area
    #$e siQe , Eas# an" @es#
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    #$e Birlas1 #$e Ta#as an" #$e
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    $an",ul , 2eal#$% lan"2ners
    an" =a(i#alis#s6
    Her im(erial rulers $a" ma"e n
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    e,,r# # in"us#rialiQe $er6 Her
    eC(r#s 2ere alms# eC=lusi+el%
    =mm"i#iesH Bu#e1 #ea1 =##n1
    #/a==6 Ms# , $er ma=$iner%
    $a" # /e im(r#e"6 In"ia's (er
    =a(i#a =nsum(#in , ele=#ri=i#%
    2as laug$a/l% l21 ne #2
    $un"re"#$ #$a# , #$e Uni#e"
    S#a#es6 Her sil =n#aine" a# leas#
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    irn re /u# $er s#eel (r"u=#in
    2as /arel% a millin #ns a %ear6
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    $er ((ula#in a (un" , ,is$
    (er =a(i#a a %ear6
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    #$a# (r/lems 2ere #$e nl%
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    melan=$l% #$ug$#1 $2e+er1
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    ,eeling 2i#$ 2$i=$ In"ia's
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    a #u=$ing1 i, nai+e /elie, #$a#
    sme$2 #$eir "e(ar#ure 2as
    ging # ease #$e #erri/le
    /ur"ens un"er 2$i=$ s$e
    agniQe"6
    T$e man u(n 2$m #$se
    /ur"ens 2ul" n2 2eig$ ms#
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    ($ne =all ,rm La$re1
    Ja2a$arlal Ne$ru $a" $a"
    nei#$er #$e #ime nr #$e
    in=lina#in # 2ri#e a s(ee=$6 His
    2r"s 2ere eC#em(raneus1
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    'Lng %ears ag 2e ma"e a #r%s#
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    n2 #$e #ime =mes 2$en 2e
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    2$ll% r in ,ull measure1 /u#
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    , #$e mi"nig$# $ur1 2$ile #$e
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    ,rm $is li(s1 %e# ,r Ja2a$arlal
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    a=$ie+emen# $a" /een ,a#all%
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    2$a# I 2as sa%ing1' $e 2ul"
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    ,rg##en #$e i"eal 2$i=$ ga+e
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    $er s#reng#$6 @e en" #"a% a
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    "is=+ers $ersel, again6
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    2$ere all $er =$il"ren ma%
    "2ell6'
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    (le"ge #$emsel+es # #$e ser+i=e
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    a ri((ling 2a+e , #$un"er
    =la##ere" a=rss #$e mi"nig$# s.%
    an" a "ren=$ing mnsn rain
    s(a##ere" #$e #$usan"s ,
    r"inar% In"ians Bamming #$e
    area arun" #$e $all6 &lu#=$ing
    /i=%=les1 in 2$i#e &ngress =a(s
    an" s$a(eless #uni=Ve ,
    $mes(un =##n1 in 2$i#e s$ir#s
    an" sla=.s1 saris an" /usiness
    sui#s1 #$e% s#" silen# in #$e
    "2n(ur1 #$eir eCu/eran=e
    s#ille" /% #$e a2esmeness ,
    #$e mmen# a((ra=$ing6
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    =l=. +er #$e s(ea.er's s#an"
    =re(# u( # #$e rman numeral
    MII6 Hea"s /2e"1 #$e
    re(resen#a#i+es sa# in me"i#a#i+e
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    , mi"nig$#6 N# a ,igure s#irre"
    as #$se #2el+e $ea+% #lls
    mar.e" #$e en" , a "a% an" an
    era6
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    s#r.e ,ell1 a #neless s$rie.
    re+er/era#e" #$rug$ #$e $all
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    galler%1 a (rimi#i+e =all ,rm
    a=rss In"ia's #ra=.less =en#uries6
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    /ir#$ , #$eir na#in6 T #$e
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    (assing , an age6
    T$a# age $a" /egun n a s,#
    summer "a% in a li##le S(anis$
    (r# in 3A75 2$en &$ris#($er
    &lum/us saile" ,, a=rss #$e
    en"less green seas # #$e e"ge ,
    #$e 2rl" in sear=$ , In"ia an"
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    #$a# "is=+er% an" i#s
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    masses =ir=ling #$e gl/e /% #$e
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    a# i#s =re6 AQ#e=1 In=a1 S2a$ili1
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    Algerian1 Burmese1 !ili(in1
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    unen"ing s#ream , (e(les1
    na#ins an" =i+iliQa#ins +er
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    #$e =lnial eC(erien=eT
    "e=ima#e"1 im(+eris$e"1
    e"u=a#e"1 =n+er#e"1 =ul#urall%
    enri=$e" r "e/ase"1
    e=nmi=all% eC(li#e" r
    s#imula#e"1 /u# ,inall%1
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    irre+=a/l% al#ere" /% i#6
    N2 #$e ,amis$e" $r"es , a
    =n#inen# in (ra%er $a" =laime"
    #$eir ,ree"m ,rm #$e ar=$i#e=#s
    , #$e grea#es# em(ire #$se
    =en#uries $a" (r"u=e"1 a realm
    #$a# "2ar,e" in "imensin1
    ((ula#in an" im(r#an=e #$e
    "mains , Rme1 Ba/%ln1
    &ar#$age an" )ree=e6 @i#$ #$e
    =r2n Be2el , #$e Bri#is$
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    /r2n Asia#i= $an"s # 2$i=$ i#
    /elnge"1 n #$er =lnial
    em(ire =ul" lng en"ure6 T$eir
    rulers mig$# #r% 2i#$ r$e#ri=
    an" arms # =$e=. $is#r%'s
    nrus$ing #i"eT #$eirs 2ul" /e
    ,u#ile1 /l"% ges#ures
    =n"emne" /% #$is mmen# #
    ,ailure6 Irre+=a/l%1 "e,ini#i+el%1
    #$e in"e(en"en=e , In"ia =lse"
    a =$a(#er in man's eC(erien=e6
    T$e =n=$ s$ell's =all in Ne2
    Del$i's &ns#i#uen# Assem/l%
    #$a# Augus# nig$# mar.e" #$e
    /eginning , #$e (s#D2ar
    $is#r% , #$e 2rl"6
    Ou#si"e #$e assem/l% $all1 #$e
    rain $a" s#((e" an" a Bu/ilan#
    m" s2e(# +er #$e =r2"6 As
    Ne$ru emerge"1 #$usan"s ,
    $a((% (e(le rus$e" ,r2ar"1
    #$rea#ening # engul, $im an"
    #$e minis#ers /e$in" $im in #$eir
    em/ra=e6 @a#=$ing #$e #$in
    s=reen , (li=emen #r%ing #
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    'Yu .n21' $e sai" # an ai"e
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    ,ig$# 2i#$ Linli#$g21 #$e
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    FI'll /e "amne" i, 2e "n'# $a+e
    ur in"e(en"en=e in #en %earsF6
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    2n'#F1 #$e Prime Minis#er
    re=alle" 2i#$ a laug$6 FIn"ia 2ill
    n# /e ,ree in m% #ime Mr
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    , #$e #2 ne2 s#a#es1 #$e
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    sign /earing #$e 2r" '=lse"' #
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    ai In"ian na#inalis# 2$'"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    II6 In Simla1 a# #$e s#r.e ,
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    "2n #$e Mall1 #$ a+enue n
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    !alle##i's in La$re1 #$e TaB in
    Bm/aT $un"re"s mre in+a"e"
    #$e res#auran#s an" "an=e ,lrs
    #$a# $a /een reser+e" ,r gues#s
    in "inner Ba=.e#s an" e+ening
    g2ns6>
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    alle%s , Ol" Del$i1 2ere $ung
    in green1 sa,,rn an" 2$i#e lig$#
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    guru"2aras 2ere u#line" in
    garlan"s i lig$# /ul/s6 S #1
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    s2ee(ers' =ln%1 amng 2$=
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    > One mem/er , #$e
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    (la=e #$e rig$# # re'uire #$e
    RaB's ,a+u a((arel1 #$e "inner
    Ba=.e#1 ,r i#s gues#s6

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    sing =$eer an" 2al. in a /u%an#
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    &nnaug$# Pla=e 2ere #$rnge"6
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    rulers s2arme" 2i#$ =ele/ra#ing
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    , #$em =lim/e" n # #$e /ar
    an" as.e" #$e =r2" # Bin $im
    in singing #$eir ne2 na#inal
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    a "is=n=er#ing "is=+er%H #$e%
    "i"n'# .n2 #$e 2r"s6
    A# Mai"en's $#el in Ol" Del$i1
    #$e ms# ,amus es#a/lis$men#
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    in #$e =i#%1 a /eau#i,ul In"ian girl
    in a sari "an=e" ,rm #a/le #
    #a/le1 #2is#ing a re" "#1 a #ila.1
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    2i#$ an in#ensel% (ersnal
    ges#ure6 He use" i# as #$e (re#eC#
    # .iss ,r #$e ,irs# #ime Ais$a
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    me# a ,e2 "a%s earlier6 T$eir
    em/ra=e 2as #$e ,irs# ges#ure ,
    a lng an" mar+ellus l+e s#r%
    /eginning a# a ms# inaus(i=ius
    mmen#6 T$eir (ar#i=ular (assin
    2as ging # run a#$2ar# #$e
    (assins a/u# # s2ee( nr#$ern
    In"ia6 *ar#ar Duggal Sing$ 2as
    a Si.$6 Ais$a Ali 2as Mslem6
    Des(i#e #$e eCu/eran=e ,
    In"e(en"en=e Nig$#1 #$e
    s$a"2s , #$a# =ming s#rm
    la% alrea"% +er (ar#s , #$e
    =a(i#al6 In #$eir neig$/ur$"s
    in Ol" Del$i1 man% Mslems
    2ere 2$is(ering a ne2 slgan
    (u# u# /% ,ana#i=s , #$e
    Mslem LeagueH '@e g#
    Pa.is#an /% rig$# D 2e'll #a.e
    Hin"us#an /% ,r=e6' T$a#
    mrning1 a mulla$ in an Ol"
    Del$i ms'ue $a" remin"e" $is
    ,ai#$,ul a# (ra%ers #$a# Mslems
    $a" rule" Del$i ,r =en#uries
    an"1 'Ins$a Alla$ D )" 2illing1'
    #$e% 2ul" again6 Mean2$ile1
    Hin"u an" Si.$ re,ugees ,rm
    #$e PunBa/1 (a=.e" in#
    ma.es$i,# re,ugees' =am(s
    arun" Del$i1 #$rea#ene" # #urn
    #$e =a(i#al's Mslem
    neig$/ur$"s in# a /n,ire #
    =ele/ra#e in"e(en"en=e6
    -6 P6 Menn1 #$e /rillian#
    /ureau=ra# 2$ $a" re"ra,#e"
    Mun#D/a##en's (ar#i#in (lan
    an" =aCe" s man% (rin=es in#
    a==e"ing # In"ia1 (asse" #$e
    mi"nig$# $ur in $is si##ingD
    rm 2i#$ $is #eenage "aug$#er6
    @$en #$e sun" , =n=$ s$ells
    an" =$eering =r2"s "ri,#e" in#
    #$eir 'uie# (arlur1 Menn's
    "aug$#er lea(e" u( an" =rie" u#
    $er "elig$#6 Her ,a#$er remaine"
    ,iCe" in $is =$air1 n= eCu/eran=e
    n $is ,a=e6
    'N21' $e sig$e"1 'ur nig$#mares
    reall% s#ar#6>
    !r millins , #$ers n #$e
    su/D=n#inen#1 $2e+er1 mi"nigl
    3A Augus# mar.e" #$e /eginning
    , a (ar#% 5A $urs lng6 In #$e
    ,= a# Lan"i *#al in #$e *$%/er
    2$le s$ee( ras#e" +er a "Q
    raring ,ires6 T$e ,,i=ers an"
    men , #$e *$%/er Ri,les an" 3
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    #$eir #ra"i#inal enemies =ele/ra#
    2i#$ a #ri/al /an'ue#6 T$e
    =mman"ing ,,i=er ,,ere" $is
    a"Bu#a an" gues# , $nur &a(#6
    *enne#$ Dan=e1 #$e (ie=e "e
    resis#an=e s$ee('s li+er' 2ra((e"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    in ,a##% %ell2 in#es#ines6 A#
    mi"nig$#1 # eC=i#e" #ri/esmen
    gra//e" #$eir ri,les an"1
    s$rie.ing '#$e *$%/er urs1 #$e
    *$%/er is urs'1 sen# a (un" ,
    lea" in# #$e nig$# air6
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    ==urre" #$ere "uring #$e
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    em/ra=e" (u/li=l%6 In
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    2$ere )an= $a" ,un"e" $is
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    s=$l #ea=$er 2$; /een Baile"
    ,r #r%ing # $is# In"ia's ,lag in
    37A51 2as gi+en # $nur ,
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    in+i#a#ins $a" rea" 'Na#inal
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    ,ur## %ears in #$e I&S1 $a" /een
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    e+en 2i "$#i6 Su=$ a
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    manner in 2$i=$ #$e Bri#is$ I
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    %ears ser+i=e in #$e I&S1 $e
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    a Bril ,rien"6
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    #$usan"s , =i#ies1 #2ns i
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    ,ee# , #$e )"s1 #$eir (ignan#
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    n #$eir ne2 na#in6 In Benares1
    #$e lea"ing (as#r% ma.er earne
    =nsi"era/le sum (e""ling an
    in"e(en"en=e =a.e in In"ia's
    na#i= =lurs1 i#s ,rs#ing ma"e
    , ranges1 (is#a=$is an" mil.6
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    men#s #$a# ,#en $a" /een
    sli((er% 2i#$ #$e /l" s(ille" in
    J =$arges1 in #$a# =i#% 2$se
    $is#r% 2as ineC#ri=a/l%
    in#er#2ine" + In"ia's
    in"e(en"en=e s#ruggle1 2$se
    s#ree#s $a" 2i#nesse" s m



    "emns#ra#ins1 $ar#als1 an"
    s#ri.es1 an en#ire (e(le 2en#
    2il" 2i#$ B%6 !rm #$e (ala#ial
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    a(ar#men# $uses , Marine
    Dri+e # #$e "is#an# slums ,
    Parel1 ,rm #$e +illas , Mala/ar
    Hill # #$e =lu##er , #$e T$ie+es
    Mar.e#1 Bm/a% 2as a la.e ,
    lig$#6 'Mi"nig$# $as /e=me
    mi""a%1' 2r#e ne ne2sman1 'i#
    2as a ne2 Di2ali1 a ne2 I"1 a
    Ne2 Year's E+e D i# 2as all #$e
    ,es#i+als , a lan" , ,es#i+als
    rlle" in# ne D ,r #$is 2as #$e
    !es#i+al , !ree"m6'
    Sme#$ing less #$an u#rig$#
    reBi=ing inaugura#e" #$a#
    ,es#i+al in a num/er , "inners
    an" /an'ue#s a=rss In"ia6 T$e%
    #. (la=e in 2$a# $a" /een $er
    l" (rin=el% s#a#es6 T$e "a% ,
    #$e Ma$araBas 2as +er an" ,r
    sme , #$em1 s#ill unre=n=ile"
    # #$e lss , #$eir (ri+ileges an"
    #$e en" , #$eir 2rl" , (m(
    an" s(len"ur1 30 Augus# 2ul"
    /e a "a% , murning6 In $is
    /rig$#l%Dli# /an'ue# $all1 #$e
    NiQam , H%"era/a" ,,ere" a
    ,are2ell /an'ue# # $is Bri#is$
    a"minis#ra#rs 2$se rle 2as
    en"ing alng 2i#$ $is 2n6
    Des(i#e #$e gaie#% , #$e NiQam's
    numerus (rgen% an" #$e
    elegan=e , #$e 2men (resen#1
    #$e "inner $a" #$e lugu/rius air
    , a 2a.e6 A##$een",#$e "inner1
    s$r#l% /e,re mi"nig$#1 #$e l"
    miser1 "resse" in a (air , #rn
    an" ,a"e" #rusers1 s#" #
    (r(se a ,inal #as# # #$e *ing
    Em(err6 J$n Pe%#n1 an
    Englis$ gues#1 s=ru#iniQe" #$e
    NiQam's murn,ul ,a=e6 'H2
    sa"1' $e #$ug$#1 '#2 $un"re"
    %ears , $is#r% en"ing in ne
    /rie,1 (a#$e#i= ges#ure6'
    !r man% In"ians1 #$e nig$# #$e%
    an" #$eir =un#r%men $a"
    "reame" , ,r %ears 2as a
    ,rig$#,ul $rrr6 T L#D&l J6 T6
    Sa#araD+ala1 a Parsee , #$e
    !rn#ier !r=e Ri,les1 i# 2ul"
    al2a%s /e ass=ia#e" 2i#$ #$e
    ms# si=.ening sig$# $is 2arD
    $ar"ene" e%es $a" e+er seen6 I#
    2as #$e gruesmel% mu#ila#e"
    /"ies , an en#ire Hin"u ,amil%
    in a ,laming ruin in #$e
    Balu=$is#an =i#% , Lue##a6
    Besi"e #$em1 mu#ila#e" 2i#$
    e'ual sa+ager%1 2ere #$e /"ies
    , #$e /ra+e an" generus
    Mslem ,amil% #$a# $a" ,,ere"
    #$em s$el#er6 Sus$ila Na%ar1 a
    /eau#i,ul %ung "=#r assigne"
    /% )an"$i # a =am( , 541444
    re,ugees in #$e 2es#ern PunBa/1
    $a" s(en# #2 %ears in Bail an"
    gi+en ms# , $er /rie, a"ul# li,e
    # a=$ie+ing #$e mmen#
    mi"nig$# 3A Augus# re(resen#e"6
    N21 i# /rug$# $er n B%1 n
    sense , ,ul,ilmen#6 S$e 2as
    =ns=ius nl% , #$e miser% ,
    $er #$usan"s , =$arges ms# ,
    #$em lis#ening in #$e nig$# ,r
    #$e sun"s , #$e Mslem $r"es
    #$e% 2ere =er#ain 2ul" =me #
    slaug$#er #$em6
    La$re1 #$e =i#% #$a# s$ul" $a+e
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    /een #$e ga%es# s(# n #$e
    su/=n#inen#1 2as a s=ene ,
    "e+as#a#in6 &a(#6 R/er# A#.ins1
    2$'" le" $is )ur.$as in# #$e
    =i#% a# sun"2n1 ,un" $is =am(
    /esiege" /% (a#$e#i=1 ,rig$#ene"
    Hin"us6 &lu#=$ing /a/ies1
    /e""ing1 a sui#=ase r #21 #$e%
    /egge" # /e all2e" insi"e #$e
    (r#e=#i+e =ir=le , $is sl"iers6
    Alms# a $un"re" #$usan"
    Hin"us an" Si.$s 2ere #ra((e"
    insi"e Ol" La$re's 2alle" =i#%1
    #$eir 2a#er =u#1 ,ires raging
    arun" #$em1 m/s , Mslems
    s#al.ing #$e alle%s u#si"e #$eir
    m$allas 2ai#ing # (un=e n
    an%ne +en#uring u#6 One m/
    $a" se# #$e =i#%'s ms# ,amus
    Si.$ guru"2ara neC# # #$e S$a$
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    2i#$ glee a# #$e s=reams , #$e
    2re#=$e" Si.$s /eing ras#e"
    ali+e insi"e6
    &al=u##a1 #$e =i#% 2$i=$ s$ul"
    $a+e /een eC(l"ing in +ilen=e1
    2as un"erging a /e2il"ering
    me#amr($sis6 I# $a" /egun
    #imi"l%1 #en#a#i+el% /e,re
    sun"2n 2$en a (r=essin ,
    Hin"us an" Mslems $a"
    mar=$e" #$rug$ #$e =i#%
    #2ar"s )an"$i's $ea"'uar#ers a#
    H%"ari Huse6 In i#s 2a.e #$e
    =i#%'s a#ms($ere $a" /egun #
    =$ange6 In #$e +ilen# Bungles ,
    *el"anga Ra" an" arun"
    Seal"a$ s#a#in1 Hin"u an"
    Mslem gn"as $a" s$ea#$e"
    #$eir "aggers # Bin in $anging
    #$e In"ian ,lag ,rm /al=nies
    an" lam((s#s6 S$ei.$s (ene"
    #$e "rs , #$eir ms'ues # #$e
    a"$eren#s , *ali1 an" #$e% in
    #urn in+i#e" Mslems # #$eir
    #em(les # =n#em(la#e #$e
    gr#es'ue image , #$e )""ess
    , Des#ru=#in6
    Men 2$ 2ul" $a+e /een
    (re(are" # =u# ea=$ #$er's
    #$ra#s 5A $urs earlier1 n2
    s$. $an"s in #$e s#ree#6
    @men an" =$il"ren1 Hin"u an"
    Mslem ali.e1 ,,ere" s2ee#s #
    mem/ers , #$e ((si#e
    =mmuni#%6 T$e =i#% #$a#
    e+ening remin"e" *umar Bse1
    a Bengali 2ri#er1 , #$e
    &$ris#mas E+e s=ene in All
    Luie# n #$e @es#ern !rn#1
    2$en !ren=$ an" )erman
    sl"iers emerge" ,rm #$eir
    #ren=$es # ,rge# ,r a /rie,
    mmen# #$a# #$e% 2ere enemies6
    @$ile In"ia =ele/ra#e"1 #$e grea#
    $use 2$i=$ $a" /een #$e
    re(si#r% , Bri#ain's im(erial
    (2er in In"ia 2as un"erging a
    re+lu#in6 !rm ne en" , #$e
    $use # #$e #$er1 ser+an#s
    rus$e" alng #$e S=rri"rs1
    /s=uring r sna#=$ing a2a% an%
    seal r s%m/l li.el% # ,,en"
    #$e sensi/ili#ies , In"ia's ne2l%
    in"e(en"en# =i#iQens6
    Mun#/a##en 2as "e#ermine"
    #$a#1 n #$eir In"e(en"en=e
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    Da%1n In"ianT +isi#ing 2$a# 2as
    n2 )+ernmen# Huse 2ul"
    /e =n,rn#e" 2i#l an%
    "is#as#e,ul remin"ers , #$e age
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    n#$ing /u# g ,rm rm #
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    #$e ,,en"ing 2r"s '-i=er%'s
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    ')+ernmen# Huse'6 An#$er
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    a/+e Dur/ar Hall6 One se# ,
    seals "i" n =$ange $2e+er6
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    =%($er $a" /een $i (ersnal
    insignia an" #$e =igar /an"s1
    ma#=$/Ces1 sa( /ars an /u##er
    (a##ies , #$e ne2 B+ernmen#
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    Mun#/a##en's -is=un#'s =rne#
    a/+e $is 'M , B'6
    As #$eir 2r. 2as ging n1 a
    "elega#in , In"ian lea"ers sei
    /% #$e &ns#i#uen# Assem/l%
    arri+e"6 RaBen"ra Prasa"1 #$e
    (resi"ei , #$e assem/l%1
    ,rmall% in+i#e" #$e eCD-i=er%
    # /e=me In"ia's ,irs# )+ernrD
    )eneral6 I# 2as #$e se=n"
    $nur #$e a"miral $a" re=ei+e"
    #$a# e+ening6 A ,e2 mmen#s
    /e,re1 $e $a" learne" #$a# $is
    =usin )erge -I1 in re=gni#in
    , $is a==m(lis$men#s in In"ia1
    $a" ele+a#e" $im a ran. in #$e
    (eerage1 ,rm -is=un# # Earl6
    Mun#/a##en a==e(#e" Prasa"'s
    in+i#a#in1 (le"ging # ser+e
    In"ia as i, $e 2ere $imsel, an
    In"ian6 T$en Ne$ru ga+e
    Mun#/a##en an en+el(e
    =n#aining #$e lis# , #$e men
    2$1 2i#$ $is a((r+al1 2ul"
    =ns#i#u#e #$e ,irs# g+ernmen#
    , an in"e(en"en# In"ia6
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    , (r# an" (ersnall% ,ille" $is
    +isi#rs' glasses6 @$en $e $a"
    "ne s1 $e raise" $is 2n an"
    sai" T In"ia'6 A,#er a si(1 Ne$ru
    in #urn raise" $is #
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    laug$#er6 In #$e $as#e , #$is
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    La$re railra" s#a#in1 a
    $an",ul , Englis$men ma"e
    #$eir 2a% #2ar"s #$e 2ai#ing
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    sl"iers 2$ $a" ma"e #$e
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    Bri#ain's a=$ie+emen#s n #$e
    su/D=n#inen#6 N2 #$e% 2ere
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    $an"s #$e =anals1 #$e $ig$2a%s1
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    /een #$e si#e , a #erri/le
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    gru( , (r#ers 2$eeling a
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    $a" # s#e( +er a =r(se l%ing
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    in"i,,eren=e # i#1 $is su""en
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    /e=me # #$e $rrrs , #$e
    PunBa/6
    Rule Dean1 #$e Amri#sar (li=e
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    glm ,rm #$e 2in"2 , $is
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    =i#% #$a# $a" /een $is
    res(nsi/ili#%6 He =ul" see n
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    /een F$is "u#% # (r#e=#6
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    '#erri/le1
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    2$ in #$ree mn#$s' #ime 2ul"
    /e selling (las#i=s "= # "r in
    @el2%n )ar"en &i#%1' seeme" a
    2rl" a2a%6 T$e ruin a# 303
    Beliag$a#a Ra" 2as silen#6 A#
    i#s ga#e1 a $an",ul V nnD+ilen#
    Hin"u an" Mslem +lun#eers
    s#" 2a#=$6 N# single lam(
    /ul/1 n# e+en a =an"le ,li=.ere"
    ,rm #$e /r.V 2in"2s ,
    H%"ari Huse6 N#$ing1 n# e+en
    #$e e+en#s , #l mmen#us
    nig$#1 $a" /een all2e" #
    in#ru"e n #$e ,irml% es#e lis$e"
    ru#ine , #$e men an" 2men
    insi"e6 In #$e s(a=ius rV 2$i=$
    ser+e" as #$eir =mmunal
    "rmi#r%1 #$e% la% s#re#=$e" V 1
    n s#ra2 (alle#s6 On ne , #$em1
    neC# # $is nea#l%Daligne"
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    2; =lgs1 $is )i#a1 $is
    "en#ures an" $is s#eelDrimme"
    s(e=#a=les1 2as ,amiliar1 /al"D
    $ea"e" ,igure6 @$en #$e =l=.s
    $a" =$ime" # magi= mi"nig$#
    an" In"ia $a" a2a.ene" # li,e
    an" ,ree"i M$an"as
    *aram=$an" )$an"i $a" /een
    sun" aslee(6
    'O$ L+el% Da2n , !ree"m'
    Benares1 30 Augus# 37A8
    A# #$e ,irs# =l /rea#$ ,
    a((ra=$ing "a2n1 #$e mis#s
    /egan # rise ,rm #$e 2a#er6 As
    #$e% $a" sin=e #ime immemrial1
    #$e mul#i#u"es =ame 2i#$ #$em
    # #$e /an.s , #$e grea# an"
    sa=re" ri+er1 #$e M#$er )anges1
    #$e Su(reme )i+er , li,e1 #
    sear=$ a (assage # e#erni#% in a
    ri#ual immersin in i#s 2a#ers6
    N#$ing mig$# /e mre
    a((r(ria#e #$an #$a#1 2i#$ #$e
    "a2ning , 30 Augus# 37A81
    Benares1 man's l"es# =i#%1
    s$ul" ,,er #$e uni'ue $mage
    , i#s mrning ri#es ,r #$e /ir#$
    , #$e 2rl"'s ne2es# na#in6
    T$se ri#es 2ere a =ns#an#l%
    rene2e" eC(ressin , #$e
    an=ien# (assin Bining #$e
    Hin"us an" #$eir sa=re" ri+er6
    T$eir m%s#i= unin 2as
    Hin"uism's eC(ressin , #$a#
    ins#in=#i+e $uman nee" #
    (r(i#ia#e #$e ineC(li=a/le ,r=es
    g+erning man's "es#in%6 !rm
    an i=e =a+e a# #$e ,# , a
    Himala%an sn2/e" 341?44 ,ee#
    $ig$1 #$e )anges ran 3044 miles
    # #$e gre% 2a#ers , #$e Ba% ,
    Bengal1 #ra+ersing n i#s 2a%
    ne , #$e ms# #rri"1 +erD
    ((ula#e" areas n #$e gl/e6 I#
    2as a ,i=.le s#ream1 regularl%
    sa+aging #$e lan"s , #$e
    (easan#s 2$ a"re" i# 2i#$
    ,l"s , a((alling in#ensi#% an"
    "ura#in6 I#s ru#e 2as s(rin.le"
    2i#$ #$e ruins , "eser#e" #2ns
    an" +illages1 mu#e 2i#nesses #
    #$e a/ru(# s$i,#s i#smean"erings
    $a" #a.en +er #$e =en#uries6
    Ye#1 "es(i#e i#s #em(es#uus
    na#ure1 e+er% ,# , i#s
    2a#er=urse 2as =nsi"ere"
    (r(i#ius1 an" nne mre s
    #$an #$se alng #$e gen#le ,urD
    mile =ur+e i# ma"e as i# s2ung
    (as# Benares6 Sin=e #$e "a2n ,
    $is#r%1 sin=e #$e #ime , i#s
    =n#em(raries1 Ba/%ln1
    Nine+e$ an" T%re1 Hin"us $a"
    =me #$ere # /a#$e in #$e
    )anges1 # "rin. i#s 2a#er1 #
    /esee=$ #$e ,a+ur , sme
    =a(ri=ius )"6
    N2 #$e silen# #$rngs ,l2e"
    a=rss #$e g$a#s1 #$e s#ne
    #erra=es s=aling "2n Benares'
    s#ee( ri+er /an.s # #$e 2a#er's
    e"ge6 Ea=$ (ilgrim /re a
    /u'ue# , ,l2ers an" a li##le
    lam( , =am($r il1 i#s ,lame
    #$e s%m/l , lig$# "is(ersing
    #$e s$a"2s , ignran=e6 In #$e
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    ri+er1 #$usan"s mre1 a "i+isin
    , #$e "e+u#1 2ere alrea"%
    s#an"ing 2ais# "ee( in #$e sl2D
    m+ing 2a#er1 all regar"s #urne"
    eas#1 ea=$ rigi"1 silen# ,igure
    =lu#=$ing $is ,li=.ering lam(1 s
    #$a# ,rm a "is#an=e #$eir
    +a=illa#ing lig$#s seeme" # s.i(
    +er #$e sur,a=e , #$e 2a#er li.e
    a $r"e , ,ire,lies6
    E+er% e%e ,iCe" n #$e eas#ern
    $riQn1 #$e% 2ai#e" ,r #$e
    "ail%
    'e2al , #$e $ea+ens' ms#
    2n"rus mira=le1 #$e
    a((earan=e , a re""is$ "is=
    sli"ing u( ,rm #$e en#rails ,
    #$e ear#$1 #$e ; -is$nu in $is
    in=arna#in as #$e sun6 As i#s
    e"ge sli((e" in# mrning s.%1
    an eBa=ula#in , (ra%er /urs#
    ,rm #$se #$usan" #$ra#s6
    T$en1 in gra#i#u"e ,r ne ,ur#$er
    rene2al , )"'s grea mira=le1
    #$e% =as# #$eir lam(s an" ,l2ers
    u(n #$e 2a#ers , )anges6
    In #$e =i#%1 as i# "i" e+er%
    mrning1 #$e $nur , /eing #$e
    (ersn # s#e( a=rss #$e
    #$res$l" , #$e Tem(le , )l"1
    Ben ,rems# s$rine1 /elnge"
    #$is mrning # Pan"i# B$a2ani
    S$ai !e2 men in Benares ,el#
    mre in#ensel% #$e B% , #$is
    "a2n #$a# ageing man , )"6
    !r %ears1 Pan"i# S$an.ar $a"
    ,i In"ian na#inalis#s ,leeing
    ,rm #$e Bri#is$ &ID #$e
    san=#uar% = s$rine6
    A ,las. , )anges 2a#er an" a
    +ial , san"alD2" (as#e ii
    $an"s1 Pan"i# S$an.ar mar=$e"
    #$rug$ $is #em(le's glr 2ar"s
    a s#um(% grani#e u#=r((ing6
    T$a# $ea+% #$um/ risi #$e
    "ar.ness 2as #$e ms# (re=ius
    Hin"u reli= in Benares6 S$ar
    ,re/ears $a" earne" #$eir
    "es=en"an#s #$e rig$# # /e i#s
    (erB =us#"ians /% $i"ing i# ,rm
    #$e Mg$ul $r"es , #$e Em
    AurangQe/6 T$a# $e s$ul" /2
    /e,re i# #$is Augus# mi $um/l%
    #$an.ing #$e )"s ,r #$e /ir#$
    , m"ern In"ia1 ' uni'uel%
    a((r(ria#e ges#ure6 T$e =ul# #$a#
    (ie=e , s#ne re(res 2as #$e
    l"es# ,rm , 2rs$i( .n2n #
    man6
    I# 2as #$e lingam1 a s#ne
    ($allus s%m/liQing #$e seCual
    , #$e )" S$i+a1 #$e s%m/l ,
    ,r=e an" #$e regenera#i+e (
    na#ure6 Benares 2as #$e =en#re ,
    #$e =ul# #$a# 2rs$i(! P$alli
    s#u""e" #$e =i#%1 rising ,rm
    alms# e+er% ne , i#s #; an"
    g$a#s6 A# #$e sun's ,irs# ra%s1
    #$usan"s , Hin"us S$an.ar1
    eC(ressing #$eir gra#i#u"e a# #$e
    rein=arna#in an=ien# na#in /%
    l+ingl% =aressing #$se /ul/us
    s#ne T 2i#$ san"alD2" (as#e1
    )anges 2a#er an" =2 "ung1
    garl #$em 2i#$ marigl"s1
    ,,ering #$em rse (e#als an" #$e
    /i##ei , S$i+a's ,a+uri#e #ree1
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #$e /il+a>
    > T$e rigins , #$e lingam an"
    #$eD=ul# , i#s 2rs$i( are eC(lai#
    =lur,ul Hin"u legen"6 S$i+a
    an" $is 2i,e Durga1 /#$ "run.
    a# #$e #iH sur(rise" in #$e a=# ,
    =(ula#in /% #$e +isi# , a
    "elega#in , #$eir ,ell le" /%
    -is$nu6 A/sr/e" in al=$l an"
    #$eir ama#r% a#$le#i=s1 #$e "i+ii
    ignre" #$eir +isi#rs6 S$=.e"
    /% su=$ /e$a+iur1 #$eir ,ell2
    )"s =u# /#$ an" le,#6
    @$en S$i+a an" Durga 2ere
    in,rme" , 2$a# $a" $a((ene"1
    #$eir s! s in#ense #$e% "ie" in
    #$e (si#in in 2$i=$ #$e%'" /een
    sur(rise"6 'M S$i+a (r=laime"1
    '$as .ille" me1 /u# i# $as als
    gi+en me ne2 li,e a s$a(e1 #$a#
    , #$e lingam6' Hen=e,r#$1 $e
    (r=laime"1 $is (ries#s 2en men
    # 'em/ra=e #$e 2rs$i( , m%
    lingam6 I# is 2$i#e6 I# $as #$ree
    e%e ,a=es6 I# is arra%e" in a
    #iger's s.in6 I# eCis#e" /e,re #$e
    2rl" an" i# #


    As #$e =lurs , "a2n
    /rig$#ene" #$e =i#%1 a (ara"e ,
    Un#u=$a/les1 /a=.s /en# un"er
    /un=$es , ,agg#s an" lgs1
    "es=en"e" #$e s#e(s , #$e ms#
    $all2e" s(# in Benares1 #$e
    Mani.arni.a g$a#6 A ,e2
    minu#es la#er1 ,ur men =arr%ing
    a /am/ s#re#=$er n #$eir
    s$ul"ers a((eare" a# #$e $ea"
    , #$e s#e(s6 In ,rn# , #$em
    mar=$e" a ,i,#$ man gen#l%
    s#r.ing a gng1 =$an#ing 'Ram
    is Tru#$'6 His 2r"s 2ere a
    remin"er # all #$se 2a#=$ing
    #$e (r=essin #$a# #$e%1 #1
    2ul" ne "a% =me # #$e same
    en" as #$e ,igure 2ra((e" in a
    =##n 2in"ingDs$ee# n #$e
    s#re#=$er6
    !r =en#uries1 # "ie in Benares
    $a" /een #$e $ig$es# /lessing #
    2$i=$ a "e+u# Hin"u =ul"
    as(ire6 Dea#$ insi"e a =ir=le ?9
    miles in =ir=um,eren=e arun"
    #$e =i#% li/era#e" a sul ,rm #$e
    =easeless =%=le , i#s
    rein=arna#ins1 an" en#i#le" i# #
    Bin ,r e#erni#% #$e 2$ll%
    enlig$#ene" in #$e (ara"ise ,
    Bra$ma6 T$a# (ri+ilege $a"
    ma"e Benares a =i#% # 2$i=$
    (ilgrims =ame in sear=$1 n# ,
    li,e1 /u# , "ea#$6
    T$e /earers /rug$# #$e remains
    , #$e ,irs# , #$is mrning's
    =laiman#s # Benares' /n # #$e
    ri+er's e"ge ,r a las# immersin
    in #$e )anges6 One , #$em
    (rie" (en #$e Ba2s , #$e
    ann%mus ,a=e n #$e s#re#=$er1
    an" s(rin.le" a ,e2 "r(s ,
    2a#er "2n #$e "ea" man's
    #$ra#6 T$en #$e% (la=e" $is
    /"% n a 2ai#ing (%re6T$e
    Un#u=$a/les ser+ing #$e g$a#
    =+ere" #$e =r(se 2i#$ a
    (%rami" , san"alD2" lgs
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    an" (ure" a (ail , g$ee1
    =lari,ie" /u##er1 +er i#6
    S.ull s$a+en1 $is /"% (uri,ie"
    /% ri#ual a/lu#ins1 #$e "e,un=#'s
    el"es# sn =ir=le" #$e (%re ,i+e
    #imes6 T$en an a=l%#e ,rm #$e
    near/% #em(le # )anes$1 #$e
    ele($an# )"1 $an"e" $im a
    #r=$ ,ire" a# #$e #em(le's e#ernal
    ,lame6 He #$rus# i# n # #$e
    (%re6 A rus$ , ,lame /urs#
    #$rug$ #$e lg (%rami"6
    T$e murners s'ua##e" silen#l%
    arun" #$e (%re as i# /urne"1
    sen"ing an il% /la=. =lum#! ,
    sm.e in# #$e s.%6 Su""enl%1 a
    "ull '((' =ame +er #$e
    =ra=.ling , #$e ,lames6 A# #$e
    sun"1 a gra#e,ul (ra%er rse
    ,rm #$e murnersrDT$e
    "e,un=#'s s.ull $a" /urs#6 His
    sul $a" es=a(e" ,rm $is /"%6
    On #$is mrning , 30 Augus#
    37A81 2$en In"ia 2as release"
    ,rm im(erial /n"age1 Benares1
    as i# "i" e+er% "a%1 $a" /egun #
    ,,er i#s su(reme "eli+eran=e #
    i#s "ea"6
    T$e ,irs# un=er#ain s(u##ering ,
    a =an"le $a" a((eare" in #$e
    2in"2s , #$e $use n
    Beliag$a#a Ra" Bus# a,#er 5
    a6m61 an $ur a$ea" , )an"$i's
    usual rising #ime6 T$e glrius
    "a% 2$en $is (e(le 2ul"
    sa+ur a# las# #$eir ,ree"m
    s$ul" $a+e /een an a(#$esis
    ,r )an"$i1 #$e =ulmina#in , a
    li,e , s#ruggle1 #$e ,inal
    an" #$e /eginning , all /eings6
    I# "is(erses ur #errrS an" ur
    #ears1 an" gran#s us #$e /Be=# ,
    all ur "esires6' #rium($ , a
    m+emen# 2$i=$ $a" s#irre" #$e
    a"mira#in , #$e 2rl"6 I# 2as
    an%#$ing /u# #$a#6 T$ere 2as n
    B% in #$e $ear# , #$e man in
    H%"ari Huse6 T$e +i=#r% ,r
    2$i=$ )an"$i $a" sa=ri,i=e" s
    mu=$ $a" #$e #as#e , as$es1 an"
    $is #rium($ 2as in"eli/l% #ain#e"
    /% #$e (rs(e=#s , a =rning
    #rage"%6
    As $e $a" /een 2$en =rssing
    in# #$e #ur/ulen# mars$lan"s ,
    Na.$ali #$a# Ne2 Year's Da%
    Bus# se+en mn#$s /e,re1 #$e
    gen#le a(s#le , nnD+ilen=e
    2as assaile" #$is mrning /%
    'ues#ining an" sel,D"u/#6 'I am
    gr(ing1' $e $a" 2ri##en # a
    ,rien" #$e e+ening /e,re6 'Ha+e
    I le" #$e =un#r% as#ra%?'
    As al2a%s in mmen#s , "u/#
    an" (ain1 )an"$i $a" #urne" #=
    #$e /. #$a# $a" s lng /een
    $is in,alli/le gui"e1 #$e =eles#ial
    sn< , #$e B$aga+a" )i#a6 H2
    ,#en $a" i#s +erses =nsle"
    $im1 (er mi##ing $im # smile in
    #$se "ar. $urs 2$en n #$er
    ra% , lig$ a((eare" # s,#en #$e
    "ar. $riQns6
    S'ua##ing /areD=$es#e" n $is
    (alle#1 )an"$i $a" /egun $i
    (ersnal "a% , murning1 #$e
    ,irs# "a% , In"ia's in"e(en"en#s
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    rea"ing #$e )i#a6 @i#$ $is
    "is=i(les arun" $im1 #$e
    Ma$a#ma's $igl lis(ing +i=e $a"
    2el=me" #$e "a2n 2i#$ #$e
    ,irs# , #$e )i#a eig$#een
    "ialgues1 #$e "es(airing (lea ,
    #$e 2arrir ArBuna # #l )"s6
    T$e% 2ere eeril% a((r(ria#e #
    #$is (rmising %e# (a#$e#
    mmen# in In"ian $is#r%6
    'On #$e ,iel" , D$arma1 n #$e
    $l% ,iel" , *uru1 m% men ai
    #$e sns , Pan"u are arra%e"1
    /urning 2i#$ "esire # ,ig$#6 @/
    mus# #$e% "1 O SanBa%a?'
    I# 2as a sun" as l" 6as man1
    #$e anguis$e" ras( , s#ne n
    s#i In a =ur#%ar" , #$e +illage
    , &$a#ar(ur1 near Del$i1 #$e ,igi
    s(ra2le" n #$e r(es s#re#=$e"
    #au# /e#2een #$e 2"en ,rame =
    =$ar(i (ene" $is e%es6 Be,re
    $im1 e#=$e" in #$e am/er gl2
    #2is# , =r" /urning in a sau=er
    , =am($r il1 2as #$e image #
    $a" mar.e" all #$e "a2ns , $is
    a"ul# eCis#en=eH $is 2i,e1 /en# =
    #$e #2 sla/s , a mills#ne6 Her
    ,a=e /s=ure" /% #$e ,l"s ,
    s$a2l "ra(ing $er $ea"1 s$e
    "um/l% =$urne" # (2"er #$e
    grT 2$i=$ 2ul" sus#ain an#$er
    "a% in #$e li,e , an In"ian
    (easan
    T$a# (easan#1 a 05D%earDl"
    Bra$min name" RanBi# Lai1 r
    mure" a /rie, (ra%er # -is$nu6
    T$en $e s#e((e" (as# $is 2i,e1 ,
    $is mu" $u#1 # Bin #$e
    sil$ue##es , $is ,ell2 +illagers
    sli( #$rug$ #$e $al, lig$# # #$e
    near/% ,iel" 2$i=$ 2as #$e
    =mm #ile# ,r #$e #$ree
    #$usan" in$a/i#an#s ,
    &$a#ar(ur6
    T$e ,reign rule en"ing in #$is
    Augus# "a2n $a" /arel% "is#u
    #$se (easan#s #ru"ging "um/l%
    #$rug$ #$e s$a"2s6 Ne+er i
    li,e $a" RanBi# Lai a""resse" s
    mu=$ as a single 2r" # a r
    sen#a#i+e , #$e alien ra=e #$a#
    rule" $is =un#r%6 He an" $is
    ,ell2 +illagers nl% l.e"
    u(n an Englis$man n=e a %ear
    2$en a Dis#ri=# &lle=#r +isi#e"
    &$a#ar(ur # +eri,% #$e
    eCa=#i#u"e , i#s (al#r%
    =n#ri/u#in # #$e re+enues ,
    #$e In"ian s#a#e6 T$e nl+ ($rase
    Lai =ul" ar#i=ula#e in #$e #ngue
    , In"ia's l" rulers 2as #$e ne
    $e an" $is ,ell2s em(l%e" #
    "es=ri/e #$e a=# #$e% 2ere a/u#
    # (er,rmH '=all , na#ure6'
    I, #$e 2r"s use" # "es=ri/e i#
    2ere ,reign1 $2e+er1 i# 2as
    r"ere" ,r Lai1 a Bra$min1 /% a
    ="e , 5? s#ri=# la2s uni'uel%
    Hin"u in #$eir "e#ail an"
    =m(leCi#%6 Lai =arrie" in $is
    le,# $an" a /rass +essel ,ille"
    2i#$ 2a#er6 T$e "$#i $e 2re
    2as nei#$er ne2 nr ,res$l%
    2as$e"6 T$e ,iel" #2ar"s 2$i=$
    $e an" $is ,ell2s mar=$e" $a"
    /een sele=#e" /e=ause , i#s
    "is#an=e ,rm a ri+er /an.1 a
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    2ell1 a =rssra"1 a (n"1 #$e
    neares# sa=re" Ban%an #ree an"
    #$e +illage #em(le6
    Rea=$ing #$e ,iel"1 Lai $ung #$e
    #ri(le =r" , $is Bra$min's
    sa=re" #$rea" +er $is le,# ear1
    =+ere" $is $ea" 2i#$ $is
    lin=l#$1 an" s'ua##e" as =lse
    # #$e grun" as 2as ($%si=all%
    (ssi/le6 An%#$ing less 2as a
    gra+e ,,en=e1 as 2ul" $a+e
    /een (er,rming $is a=# ,rm a
    2all r #$e /ran=$ , a #ree6 T$us
    ens=n=e"1 $e 2as enBine"
    ,rm l.ing a# #$e sun1 #$e
    mn1 s#ars1 ,ire1 an#$er
    Bra$min1 #$e +illage #em(le r a
    Ban%an #ree6 @$en $e'" ,inis$e"1
    $e 2as$e" $is $an"s an" ,ee#
    2i#$ #$e 2a#er in $is /rass +essel
    /e,re $ea"ing ,r #$e +illage
    #an. ,r $is ri#ual a/lu#in6 On=e
    #$ere1 $e sele=#e" a $an",ul ,
    "ir# # ai" $is 2as$6 I#s na#ure1
    #1 2as rigrusl% (res=ri/e"6
    T$e "ir# =ul" n# =me ,rm a
    2$i#e an#s' nes#1 sal# ear#$1 a
    (##er's ,iel"1 a =2 (as#ure1 a
    #em(le en=lsure1 r grun"
    #u=$e" /% #$e s$a"e , a
    Ban%an #ree6 MiCing $is 2a#er
    2i#$ #$e mu"1 $e 2as$e" $is
    sile" (ar#s 2i#$ $is le,# $an"6>
    @$en $e'" ,inis$e"1 $e 2as$e"
    $is $an"s ,i+e #imes1 /eginning
    2i#$ #$e le,#T $is ,ee# ,i+e #imes
    /eginning 2i#$ #$e rig$#T rinse"
    $is mu#$ eig$# #imes #a.ing
    =are1 a# #$e ris. , =mmi##ing a
    #erri/le ,,en=e1 # s(i# #$e 2a#er
    u# ea=$ #ime # #$e le,# si"e ,
    $is /"%6 T$a# "ne1 $e 2as
    rea"% ,r #$e #2en#%D#$ir" an"
    ,inal /ser+an=e , $is mrning
    /2el m+emen#6 He #. #$ree
    si(s , 2a#er1 #$in.ing as $e "i"
    s , -is$nu6
    T$a# ri#e a==m(lis$e"1 RanBi#
    Lai $ea"e" /a=. # $is $u# (as#
    #$e ,iel"s ,rm 2$se relu=#an#
    sils $e s=ra#=$e" #$e /are
    ingre"ien#s , sur+i+al ,r
    $imsel,1 $is 2i,e an" $is se+en
    =$il"ren6 Be%n" #$em1 a# #$e
    =res# , an alms# im(er=e(#i/le
    rise1 Lai =ul" see in #$e ,irs#
    glimmer , "a2n #$e s2ee(ing
    /ran=$es , a #ri ,
    > T #$e r#$"C Hin"u1 #$e
    na+el is #$e /"%'s ,rn#ier6 !r
    a=#s (er,rme" /el2 i#1 #$e le,#
    $an" is use"T ,r #$se a/+e1
    #$e rig$# is generall% em(l%e"6
    /a/ul #rees6 Li.e um/rellas1 #$eir
    /ran=$es (ene" +er a ,la#
    (ie=e , ear#$6 I# 2as #$e +illage
    =rema#in grun" 2$ere ,r ,i+e
    =en#uries #$e "ea" , &$a#ar(ur
    $a" /een lai" u(n #$eir ,uneral
    (%res6 I, #$ere 2as ne
    ines=a(a/le =er#ain#% in #$e
    =ir=le , =er#ain#ies #$a#
    =ir=ums=ri/e" #$a# In"ian
    (easan#'s li,e1 i# 2as #$a# i#
    2ul" en" n a /e" , s#i=.s
    #$ere in #$a# =rema#in grun"6
    Be%n"1 a (ur(lis$ s#ne #2er
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    (ier=e" #$e /lueDgre% $riQn
    li.e sme gigan#i= ($alli=
    s%m/l6 A# i#s le,# 2ere a (air ,
    gra=e,ul "mes1 ruins , #$e
    #$ir#een#$D=en#ur% me#r(lis ,
    #$e Sul#an Alau""in1 ,un"er ,
    ne , #$e se+en =i#ies , an=ien#
    Del$i6 Barel% #2en#% miles
    nr#$1 in #$e /ra" a+enues ,
    Ne2 Del$i1 RanBi# Lai an" $is
    ,ell2 +illagers $a" an $is#ri=
    ren"eQ+us #$is mrning6 !r
    ms# , #$em1 i# 2ul" /e #$e
    ,irs# #ime #$e%'" ma"e #$a# /rie,
    Burne%6 RanBi# Lai $a" ma"e i#
    nl% n=e in 05 %ears1 # /u% a
    gl" /angle in #$e /aQaar ,r #$e
    marriage , $is el"es# "aug$#er6
    T$is mrning1 $2e+er1 ,r #$e
    +illagers , &$a#ar(ur as ,r #$e
    in$a/i#an#s , all #$e +illages
    arun" Del$i1 "is#an=e n lnger
    eCis#e"6 Tri/u#aries , an
    immense an" #rium($an# s#ream1
    #$e% ,l2e" 2i#$ #$e "a2n
    #2ar"s #$e =en#re , #$eir
    reBi=ing =a(i#al #= =ele/ra#e in
    i#s s#ree#s #$e en" , a
    =lniQa#in ms# , #$em $a=
    n# e+en .n2n6 \ S S
    Ne2 Del$i1 30 Augus# 37A8
    'O$ l+el% "a2n , ,ree"m #$a#
    /rea.s in gl" an" (ur(le +er aT
    an=ien# =a(i#al1' (r=laime"
    In"ia's (e# laurea#e in
    /ene"i=#in +e #$e =r2"s
    s2arming in# Ne2 Del$i6 T$e%
    =ame ,rm all si"e, T$ere 2ere
    =ara+ans , #ngas1 #$eir /ells
    Bingling gail%6 T$ere 2ei
    /ull=.s1 $arnesses an" $,s
    (ain#e" 2i#$ range1 green an"
    2$il s#ri(es1 #ugging 2"enD
    2$eele" (la#,rms =r2"e" 2i#$
    (e(l T$ere 2ere #ru=.s
    +er,l2ing 2i#$ (e(le1 #$eir
    r,s an" ,lanl galleries ,
    (rimi#i+e (ain#ings , sna.es1
    eagles1 ,al=ns1 sa=n =2s an"
    =l mun#ain lan"s=a(es6
    Pe(le =ame n "n.= $rse an"
    /i=%=le1 2al.ing an" running1
    =un#r% (e(le 2i#$ #ur/a ,
    e+er% s$a(e an" =lur
    imagina/le1 #$eir 2men in
    /rig$#1 ,es#i saris1 e+er% /au/le
    #$e% 2ne" gli##ering n #$eir
    arms1 ,rm #$V ears1 ,ingers an"
    nses6
    !r a /rie, mmen# in #$a#
    ,ra#ernal =$r#1 ran.1 religin a
    =as#e "isa((eare"6 Bra$mins1
    Un#u=$a/les1 Hin"us1 Si.I
    Mslems1 Parsees1 AnglD
    In"ians laug$e"1 =$eere"1 an"
    ==asina 2e(# 2i#$ em#in6
    RanBi# Lai ren#e" a #nga ,r ,ur
    annas < $imsel,1 $is 2i,e an" $is
    se+en =$il"ren6 All arun" $im1
    Lai =U $ear #$er (easan#s
    eC=i#e"l% eC(laining # #$eir .i#$
    an" .in +6
    #$e% 2ere all ging # Del$i6
    FT$e Bri#is$ are ging1F #$e%
    =rie"6 'Ne$ru is ging # raise a
    ne2 ,lag6 @e are ,ree!'
    T$e s$rie. , sil+er #rum(e#s
    sun"ere" #$e mrning air6 @i#$ a
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    ,inal /urs# , -i=#rian (m( #$e
    ,irs# ,,i=ial =eremn% , #$is
    eC#rar"inar% "a% 2as
    /eginning6 I# 2as #$e s2earingD
    in , #$e ,irs# =ns#i#u#inal
    )+ernrD)eneral , #$e ne2
    "minin , In"ia6
    As slemn as $e $a" /een in
    *ara=$i1 Lueen -i=#ria's grea#D
    gran"sn a"+an=e" #2ar"s #$e
    #$rne 2$ere $e 2ul" re=ei+e a
    =$arge an" an $nur uni'ue in
    #$e =ming annals ,
    "e=lniQa#in6 !r Luis
    Mun#/a##en1 '#$e ms#
    remar.a/le an" ins(iring "a% in
    $is li,e' 2as /eginning1 #$e "a%
    $e 2ul" /e $an"ing +er =$arge
    , #$e $ear#lan" , $is grea#D
    gran"m#$er's em(ire6
    His 2i,e 2al.e" /% $is si"e in a
    sil+er lame' g2n1 a "ia"em se#
    in $er /r2n $air6 De#ermine"
    #$e "a% '2ul" g ,, 2i#$ #$e
    u#ms# (m('1 Mun#/a##en $a"
    su(er+ise" e+er% "e#ail , In"ia's
    in"e(en"en=e =eremnies 2i#$
    $is l+e , (agean#r% an" $is
    #eu#ni= Qes# ,r "e#ail6 A
    =lur,ul uni,rme" es=r#
    (re=e"e" #$e regal (air as #$e%
    ,l2e" #2ar"s #$se =rimsn
    #$rnes in 2$i=$ ,i+e mn#$s
    /e,re #$e%'" /een ins#alle" as
    -i=er% an" -i=ereine6
    Range" # #$eir rig$# an" le,# n
    #$e mar/le "ais un"er a +el+e#
    =an(% 2ere #$e ne2 mas#ers ,
    In"ia1 Ne$ru in =##n B"$(urs
    an" a linen +es#6 -alla/$/$ai
    Pa#el mre #$an e+er #$e
    s=2ling Rman em(err in $is
    2$i#e "$#i1 all #$e #$ers in
    #$eir li##le 2$i#e &ngress =a(s6
    Ta.ing $is (la=e1 an amusing
    #$ug$# s#ru=. Mun#/a##en6 T$e
    men an" 2men range" /esi"e
    $im (r/a/l% $a" nl% ne
    eC(erien=e in =mmnH #$e% $a"1
    alms# all , #$em1 ser+e" #ime
    in a Bri#is$ F(risn6 Be,re #$a#
    arra% , ,rmer gues#s , His
    MaBes#%'s g+ernmen#'s (risn
    a"minis#ra#in1 Luis
    Mun#/a##en raise" $is rig$#
    $an" an" slemnl% s2re #
    /e=me #$e $um/le an" ,ai#$,ul
    ,irs# ser+an# , an in"e(en"en#
    In"ia6 @$en $e'" ,inis$e"1 #$se
    minis#ers 2$se names Ne$ru
    $a" ,rg##en # (la=e in $is
    en+el(e #$e e+ening /e,re1
    s2re #$eir a#$s a# #$e $an"s ,
    #$e man 2$'" gi+en In"ia $er
    in"e(en"en=e6
    Ou#si"e1 #$e e=$es , #$e 53D
    gun salu#e> mar.ing #$e e+en#
    /egan # rll a=rss In"ia's
    reBi=ing =a(i#al6 @ai#ing ,r #$e
    Mun#D/a##ens a# #$e ,# , #$e
    re"D=ar(e#e" s#e(s lea"ing u# ,
    Dur/ar Hall 2as #$e gl" s#a#e
    =arriage assem/le" alms# $al, a
    =en#ur% earlier /% #$e =ra,#smen
    , Ln"n's Messrs Par.er an"
    &m(an%1 ,r #$e r%al +isi# #
    In"ia , )erge - an" Lueen
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    Mar%6 In ,rn# ,
    > T$e l" -i=eregal ?3Dgun
    salu#e $a" /een re"u=e" # 53
    guns ,r #$e &ns#i#u#inal
    )+ernrD)eneral6
    i#s siC ma#=$e" /a%s1 #$e en#ire
    )+ernrD)eneral's B"%guar"
    2 assem/le" in glis#ening /la=.
    Ba=.D/#s1 2$i#e ri"ingD/ree=$i
    2$i#e #uni=s =lse" /% s=arle#
    sas$es em/ri"ere" in gl"6
    T$e grea# (r=essin Bangle"
    "2n #$e "ri+e , -i=er%'s Hn
    all ,lu##ering (ennan#s an"
    lan=es1 (in# men an"
    (s#illins1 =le guar"s1 an"
    =nne=#ing ,iles1 /uglers an"
    =mman"ers1 ,ur s'uB rns ,
    #$e 2rl"'s ,ines# $rsemen
    agli##er in s=arle# an" gl"
    (r#rai# ,rm an l" s#r%/.1
    #$e las# (ara"e , #$e Bri#is$ RaB1
    N""ing 2i#$ #$se s#i,, an"
    gra=e,ul $al,Dges#ures 2i#$ 2$i
    r%al#% =n"es=en"s #
    a=.n2le"ge #$e masses1 #$e
    #au#i% en Mun#/a##ens "r+e
    "2n a line , salu#ing #r(s #
    #$e gn 2rug$#Dirn ga#es ,
    Lu#%ens's (ala=e6 T$ere1 u#si"e1
    InV 2ai#e"6
    I# 2as an In"ia su=$ as n
    Englis$man $a" seen in #$
    =en#uries6 T$is 2as n =urius
    =r2" =me # /e "aQQle" /% I
    =ir=uses , #$e RaB1 # a((lau"
    #$e s(e=#a=les s#age" ,r #$eir en#
    #ainmen# /% #$eir rulers6 T$e
    "imensins , In"ia $a" al2a%s
    /V in $er masses1 an" #"a%1
    #$se masses 2ere #$rnging
    Ne2 Del$i num/ers an" a
    "ensi#% ne+er seen /e,re6
    Ju/ilan#1 eC=i#e"1 glee,+ unrul%1
    #$e% s2arme" arun" #$e
    (r=essin1 ,r=ing #$e $rses
    #$e B"%guar" "2n # a sl2
    2al.6 All Mun#/a##en's
    (r#=l1 $is =are,ul
    arrangemen#s =al=ula#e" n #$e
    #ra"i#ins , an# In"ia1
    =lla(se"1 engul,e"1
    +er2$elme" /% #$e ne2 In"ia
    /rn # "a%1 a +i/ran#1 see#$ing
    mass "r2ning #$e s=arle# an"
    gl" ii $a((% /r2n $r"e ,
    $uman /eings6
    &aug$# in #$e =r2" alng #$e
    Mun#/a##ens' ru#e1 #$e S
    Burnalis# 2$ #$e nig$# /e,re1
    $a" gree#e" in"e(en"en=e /%
    .iss a Mslem me"i=al s#u"en#1
    su""enl% #$ug$# '#$e =$ains are
    /re ing all arun" me'6 He
    remem/ere" $2 n=e1 as a
    =$il"1 an Eng s=$l/% $a"
    ,r=e" $im ,, a si"e2al.6 'N
    ne =ul" " #$a me n21' $e
    #$ug$#6 In #$e =r2"1 $e n#e"1
    #$ere 2ere n m ri=$ r (r1
    Un#u=$a/les r mas#ers1
    la2%ers1 /an. =le =lies r
    (i=.(=.e#s1 Bus# $a((% (e(le
    em/ra=ing an" =allinB ea=$ #$er
    'AQa" Sa$i/ D @e are ,ree1 Sir!'
    'I# 2as as #$ug$ an en#ire
    (e(le $a" su""enl%
    re"is=+ere" # $me1' n#e" ne
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    2i#ness # #$a# $a((%
    (an"emnium6 Seeing na#in's
    ,lag ,l%ing ,r #$e ,irs# #ime +er
    #$e Del$i ,,i=ers' n MaBr U6 &6
    Du/e%1 an ,,i=er in #$e In"ian
    Arm%1 #$ug$#H' mess 2$ere
    2e'+e /een s#ges1 n2 #$ere's
    n ne a/+e us /u# /r#$er
    In"ian ,,i=ers6'
    !r man% sim(le In"ians1 #$e
    magi= 2r" in"e(en"en=e mea
    ne2 2rl" 2as a# $an"6 RanBi#
    Lai1 #$e (easan# ,rm &$a#$ai
    assure" $is =$il"ren #$a# '#$ere
    2ill /e mu=$ # ea# n2 /ee
    In"ia is ,ree'6 Pe(le re,use" #
    (a% /us ,ares1 assuming #$e%
    s$ul" n2 /e ,ree6 A $um/le
    /eggar 2al.e" in# an en=lsure
    reser+e" ,r ,reign "i(lma#s6 A
    (li=eman as.e" $im ,r $is
    in+i#a#in6
    'In+i#a#in ?' $e ans2ere"1 '@$%
    " I nee" an in+i#a#in ? I $a+e
    m% in"e(en"en=e6 T$a#'s
    enug$6'
    +
    A=rss In"ia1 s=enes , reBi=ing
    similar # #$se in #$e =a(i#al
    mar.e" #$is memra/le
    mrning6 In &al=u##a a# :644
    a6m61 a $r"e ,rm #$e =i#%'s
    slums s2e(# #$rug$ #$e ga#es ,
    #$e maBes#i= g+ernr's (ala=e6
    @$ile #$e las# Bri#is$ g+ernr1
    Sir !re"eri=. Burr2s1 an" $is
    2i,e /rea.,as#e" in a =rner ,
    #$e $use #$e =r2" ra=e"
    #$rug$ #$e s(a=ius salns6 In
    Burr2s' /e"rm1 sme ,
    #$se misera/le =rea#ures 2$'"
    ne+er sle(# n an%#$ing s,#er
    #$an a (a#=$ , "ir# r #$e r(es
    , a =$ar(i1 =ele/ra#e" #$eir
    in"e(en"en=e /% Bum(ing u( an"
    "2n li.e eC=i#e" =$il"ren n
    #$e /e" in 2$i=$ #$e g+ernr's
    la"% $a" /een slee(ing an $ur
    /e,re6 Else2$ere in #$e $use1
    #$ers eC(resse" #$eir B% a#
    In"ia's in"e(en"en=e /% s#a//ing
    #$e il (ain#ings , In"ia's
    ,rmer rulers 2i#$ #$e #i(s ,
    #$eir um/rellas6
    Trams an" #rlle%s ran ,ree ,
    =$arge all "a%6 A =i#% #$a# $a"
    ,eare" i# 2ul" e=$ #$is "a% #
    #$e sun" , gun,ire rang 2i#$
    $a((ier sun"sH #$e eC(lsin ,
    ,ire =ra=.ers6
    In Bm/a%1 eC=i#e" =r2"s
    s2arme" in# #$a# =i#a"el ,
    im(erial elegan=e1 #$e TaB Ma$al
    H#el6 All "a% lng1 in Ma"ras1
    #$e "ar. su#$DIn"ian =r2"s
    s#reame" alng #$e 2a#er,rn# #
    !r# Sain# )erge # s#are 2i#$
    (ri"e an" ra(#ure a# #$eir na#in's
    ,lag ,l%ing a# las# +er #$e ,irs#
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    gail%D/e"e=.e" /a#s s#age" an
    in"e(en"en=e rega##a in #$e /a%
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    /egun Bri#ain's In"ian a"+en#ure6
    In"ia's ,ree"m /rug$# ,ree"m
    , a ms# #angi/le na#ure # ne
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    =a#egr% , (e(le6 Jail "rs
    (ene" /e,re #$usan"s ,
    =n+i=#s gran#e" (ar"n as an
    In"e(en"en=e Da% ges#ure6
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    =mmu#e"6 M%s#i= In"ia1 #$e
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    2$i=$ s2(e" "2n ,rm #$e
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    ," ,rm #$e $an"s , a l=al
    sa"$u1 seeme" # $nur #$e
    ==asin 2i#$ an eCul#an#
    /ea#ing , #$eir 2ings6 In #$e
    Bungles , Ma"ura1 near Ma"ras1
    #$er $l% men in"ulge" in #$e
    u#la2e" s(e=#a=le , $.D
    s2inging6 Im(aling #$e ,les$ ,
    #$eir /a=.s n irn =la2s
    sus(en"e" ,rm a .in" , gi//e#1
    #$e% "angle" a/+e ga2.ing
    =r2"s1 ,,ering #$eir agn% ,r
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    alms6
    E+er%2$ere1 #$e "a% 2as
    =$ara=#eriQe" /% #$e g"2ill
    "is(la%e= #2ar"s #$e Bri#is$
    an" #$e "igni#% 2i#$ 2$i=$ #$e%
    (ar#i=i(a#e" ir =eremnies 2$i=$
    ,r man% , #$em mar.e" a sa"1
    ns#algi= mmen# In S$illng1
    #$e Bri#is$ =mman"ing ,,i=er
    , #$e Assam Ri,le
    s(n#aneusl% s#" "2n1
    gi+ing $is In"ian "e(u#% #$e
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    #$eir uneC(e=#e" $li"a%6
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    2ee(ing1 una/le # /ear #$e sig$#
    an#$er na#in's ,lag ging u(
    #$a# (le 2$ere $er /el+e"
    Unii Ja=. $a" ,l2n6
    !r #$e #$er grea# "minin
    /rn n #$e su/D=n#inen#1 3
    Augus# 2as a (ar#i=ularl%
    aus(i=ius "a%6 I# 2as #$e las#
    !ri"a% #$e $l% mn#$ ,
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    Rama"an6 T$e ,es#i+i#ies 2ere
    alms# as mu=$ H =ele/ra#in ,
    #$e s#a#e's ,un"er as #$e% 2ere
    , #$e s#a#e i#sell Jinna$'s ($#
    an" name 2ere e+er%2$ereH in
    2in"2s1 /aQaars s#res1 n
    enrmus #rium($al ar=$es
    s(anning =i#% s#ree#s6 T$
    Pa.is#an Times e+en (r=laime"
    #$a#1 #$rug$ #$e +i=e , #$ei
    =are#a.ers1 #$e =amels1 mn.e%s
    an" #igers , #$e La$re Q
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    #$e Luai"DeDAQQam an"
    #rum(e#in 'Pa.is#an Rin"a/a"'6
    T$ere ma% $a+e /een n ,lags ,
    #$e ne2 s#a# in Da==a1 =a(i#al ,
    i#s eas#ern 2ing1 /u# e+er%2$ere
    #$ere 2er (i=#ures , #$e lea"er
    2$'" ne+er +isi#e" i#s sil6
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    "a% /% assuming ,ull (2ers ,r
    $i su((se"l% =eremnial ,,i=e6
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    2$ ,r %ears $a" n# =ease" #
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    g+ern $is ne2 na#iH as a
    "i=#a#r6
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    =m,r#ing (resen=e , $is
    =lses li+ing rela#i+e6 044 miles
    ,rm *ara=$i1 n #$e /al=n% ,
    ,la# in &la/a1 ne , Bm/a%'s
    ms# elegan# su/ur/s1 a %un
    2man $a" "e=ra#e" $er
    /al=n% 2i#$ #2 ,lags1 ne ,r
    In"ia an
    ne ,r Pa.is#an6 T$e%
    s%m/liQe" #$e #erri/le "ilemma
    In"e(en"en=e Da% $a" (se" ,r
    $er1 as 2ell as ,r s man%
    #$ers6 Dina1 #$e nl% =$il" ,
    M$amme" Ali Jinna$1 $a" /een
    una/le # "e=i"e # 2$i=$
    =un#r% s$e 2is$e" # /elng1
    #$e lan" , $er /ir#$1 r #$e
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    ,a#$er6
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    lur.ing /e$in" #$is eu($ri=
    In"e(en"en=e Da%1 man% an
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    e=s#as% , $is =ele/ra#ing
    =un#r%men6 In Lu=.n21 Anis
    *i"2ai 2ul" al2a%s remem/er
    #$e in=ngruus s(e=#a=le , a
    gru( , =$eering1 laug$ing
    (e(le 2a+ing ,lags1 neC# #
    #$ers in #ears /e=ause #$e%'"
    Bus# learne" , #$e "ea#$ , =lse
    rela#i+es in #$e PunBa/6
    *$us$2an# Sing$1 a Si.$ la2%er
    ,rm La$re1 2as ##all%
    in"i,,eren# # #$e ga% =r2"s
    arun" $im in Ne2 Del$i6 'I $a"
    n#$ing # reBi=e a/u#1' $e
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    an" millins li.e me1 #$is
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    #rage"%6 T$e%'" mu#ila#e" #$e
    PunBa/1 an" I $a" ls#
    e+er%#$ing6'
    T$e PunBa/1 30 Augus# 37A8
    In"ia's B%,ul In"e(en"en=e Da%
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    2as in"ee" a "a% , $rrr ,r
    #$e PunBa/6 T$e (re"minan#
    =lur , #$e "a2n , ,ree"m
    /rea.ing +er i#s an=ien# +is#as
    2as n# (ur(le an" gl" /u#
    =rimsn6 In Amri#sar1 2$ile #$e
    =i#%'s ne2 au#$ri#ies "u#i,ull%
    (er,rme" #$enDin"e(en"en=e
    ri#uals a# #$e =i#%'s Mg$ul
    ,r#ress1 an enrage" $r"e ,
    Si.$s 2as ra+aging a Mslem
    neig$/ur$" less #$an a mile
    a2a%6 T$e% slaug$#ere" i#s male
    in$a/i#an#s 2i#$u# mer=% r
    eC=e(#in6 T$e 2men 2ere
    s#ri((e"1 re(ea#e"l% ra(e"1 #$en
    (ara"e" s$a.ing an" #erri,ie"
    #$rug$ #$e =i#% # #$e )l"en
    Tem(le 2$ere ms# $a" #$eir
    #$ra#s =u#6
    In #$e Si.$ s#a#e , Pa#iala1 Si.$
    /an"s (r2le" #$e =un#r%si"e
    (un=ing n Mslems #r%ing #
    ,lee a=rss #$e ,rn#ier #
    Pa.is#an6 Prin=e Balin"ra Sing$1
    #$e Ma$araBa's /r#$er1 s#um/le"
    n ne su=$ /an" arme" 2i#$
    $uge .ir(ans6 Plea"ing 2i#$
    #$em # re#urn # #$eir +illages1
    $e sai"H 'T$is is $ar+es# #ime6
    Yu s$ul" /e $me =u##ing
    %ur =r(s6'
    T$ere is an#$er =r( # =u#
    ,irs#1' re(lie" #$eir lea"er sli=ing
    #$e air 2i#$ $is .ir(an6
    Amri#sar's re"D/ri=. rail2a%
    s#a#in $a" /e=me a .in" ,
    re,ugee
    =am(1 a =learing $use ,r
    #$usan"s , Hin"us 2$'" ,le"
    ,rm
    Pa.is#an's $al, , #$e PunBa/6
    T$e% s2arme" arun" i#s
    2ai#ing
    rm1 i#s #i=.e# ,,i=e1 i#s
    (la#,rms1 rea"% # s=ru#iniQe
    ea=$ arri+ing
    #rain ,r missing rela#i+es an"
    ,rien"s6 J
    La#e in #$e a,#ernn , 30
    Augus#1 #$e s#a#in mas#er1 &$an
    Sing$1 (us$e" $is 2a% #$rug$
    #$eir nearD$%s#eri=al1 2ee(ing
    ran. 2i#$ all #$e au#$ri#% $is
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    $im6 Sing$ 2as (re(are" ,r #$e
    s=ene #$a 2ul" ,ll2 #$e
    arri+al , #$e in=ming Num/er
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    arri+ing in $is s#a#in6 Men am
    2men 2ul" rus$ # #$e
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    ea=$ #$er in grie, an" $%s#eria6
    Pe(le in #ears 2ul" rus$ ,ri
    =arriage # =arriage =alling ,r a
    missing rela#i+e1 l.ing ,r
    smi ne ,rm #$eir +illage 2$
    mig$# /ring #$em ne2s6 T$ere
    2ul" I #$e a/an"ne" =$il"ren
    2ee(ing s,#l% n a s#a=. ,
    luggage1 #l /a/ies /rn in ,lig$#
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    /eing nurse" /% #$eir m#$ers in
    #$e mi"s# i #$a# milling m/6
    A# #$e $ea" , #$e (la#,rm
    Sing$ #. $is (la=e an"
    ,,i=ius 2a+e" #$e in=ming
    l=m#i+e # a $al#6 As i#s grea#
    s#eel ,rai rlle" # a s#( a/+e
    $is $ea"1 Sing$ glim(se" a
    s#range sig$#6 ! arme" sl"iers
    2ere s#an"ing guar" +er #$e
    sullen engine "ri+i @$en #$e
    $iss , es=a(ing s#eam an" #$e
    s$rie. , #$e /ra.es $ "ie"1
    Sing$ su""enl% realiQe"
    sme#$ing 2as #erri/l% 2rng6
    T$e /a//ling mul#i#u"es (a=.ing
    #$e (la#,rm 2ere (e#ri,ii ,rQen
    in# an eerie silen=e /% #$e sig$#
    /e,re #$em6 Sing$ s#ai "2n #$e
    line , eig$# =arriages6 All #$e
    2in"2s , #$e =m(a men#s
    2ere 2i"e (en /u# #$ere 2as
    n# a single $uman /eing s#ai ing
    a# an% , #$em6 N# a single "r
    $a" (ene"6 N# a single (ers
    2as ge##ing ,, #$e #rain6 T$e%
    $a" /rug$# $im a #rain,ul , ($
    #ms6
    T$e s#a#in mas#er s#r"e # #$e
    ,irs# =arriage1 sna#=$e" (en
    "r an" s#e((e" insi"e6 In ne
    $rri/le ins#an# $e un"ers#" U
    n ne 2as ge##ing ,, #$e Ten
    D2n EC(ress in Amri#sar #$a#
    niB I# 2as n# a #rain,ul ,
    ($an#ms #$e%'" /rug$# $im1 i#
    2as a #rV ,ul , =r(ses6 T$e
    ,lr , #$e =m(ar#men# /e,re
    $im 2a #angle" Bum/le , $uman
    /"ies1 #$ra#s =u#1 s.ulls
    smas$e"1 /i e+is=era#e"6 Arms1
    legs1 #run.s , /"ies 2ere
    s#re2n alng =rri"rs ,
    =m(ar#men#s6 !rm sme2$ere
    in #$a# g$as#l% $ui Bun.D$ea( a#
    $is ,ee#1 Sing$ $ear" a sun" ,
    s#rangle" gargl RealiQing #$a#
    #$ere mig$# /e a ,e2 sur+i+rs1
    Sing$ =alle" u#H >' are in
    Amri#sar6 @e are Hin"us an"
    Si.$s $ere6 T$e (li=e are (res
    D n# /e a,rai"6'
    A# $is 2r"s a ,e2 , #$e "ea"
    /egan # s#ir6 T$e s#ar. $rr= #$e
    s=enes #$a# ,ll2e" 2ul" /e
    ,re+er a nig$#mare engrT u(n
    #$e s#a#in mas#er's min"6 One
    2man (i=.e" $er $us/a


    585

    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT

    '$ l+el% "a2n , ,ree"m'

    se+ere" $ea" ,rm #$e
    =agula#ing (l , /l" /% $er
    si"e6 S$e =lu#=$e" i# in $er arms
    s$rie.ing $er grie,6 He sa2
    2ee(ing =$il"ren =linging # #$e
    /"ies , #$eir slaug$#ere"
    m#$ers1 men in s$=. as #$e%
    (ulle" #$e /"% , a mu#ila#e"
    =$il" ,rm a (ile , =r(ses6 As
    #$e =r2" alng #$e (la#,rm
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    realiQe" 2$a# $a" $a((ene"1
    $%s#eria s2e(# #$eir ran.s6
    Num/1 #$e s#a#in mas#er ma"e
    $is 2a% "2n #$e line , /"ies6
    In e+er% =m(ar#men# , e+er%
    =arriage #$e sig$# 2as #$e same6
    B% #$e #ime $e rea=$e" #$e las#
    ne $e 2as ill6 Reeling /a=. n
    # #$e (la#,rm1 $is ns#rils
    im(regna#e" 2i#$ #$e s#en=$ ,
    "ea#$1 Sing$ #$ug$#1 'H2
    =ul" )" (ermi# su=$ a #$ing?'
    He #urne" # l. /a=. a# #$e
    #rain6 As $e "i"1 $e sa2 in grea#
    2$i#eD2as$e" le##ers n #$e ,lan.
    , #$e las# =ar #$e assassins'
    =alling =ar"6 FT$is #rain is ur
    In"e(en"en=e gi,# # Ne$ru an"
    Pa#el1' i# rea"6
    In &al=u##a1 #$e un,a#$ma/le
    al=$em% , #$a# s#range l" man
    2i#$ $is (ra%ers an" $is
    s(inningD2$eel 2as sme$2
    =as#ing i#s s(ell +er #$e slums in
    2$i=$ e+er%ne $a" eC(e=#e" an
    eC(lsin # "2ar, in "imensin
    an" $rrr #$e 2rs# , #$e
    $a((enings in #$e PunBa/6 T$e
    (rmise in$eren# in #$e
    (r=essin 2$i=$ $a" mar=$e"
    # H%"ari Huse #$e e+ening
    /e,re $a" /een realiQe"6 All
    a=rss &al=u##a1 n #$e a+enues
    an" #$rug$,ares 2$i=$ Bus# a
    %ear /e,re $a" /een li##ere"
    2i#$ #$e =r(ses , Dire=# A=#in
    Da%1 Mslems an" Hin"us $a"
    (ara"e" an" =ele/ra#e" #ge#$er6
    I# 2as1 2r#e )an"$i's se=re#ar%1
    P%arelal Na%ar1 'as i, a,#er #$e
    /la=. =lu"s , a %ear ,
    ma"ness1 #$e suns$ine , sani#%
    an" g"2ill $a" su""enl%
    /r.en #$rug$6'
    T$e alms# in=re"i/le =$ange in
    &al=u##a's =lima#e $a" /een
    signalle" a# "a2n 2i#$ #$e
    arri+al a# H%"ari Huse ,
    an#$er (r=essin1 #$is ne
    =m(se" , %ung girls6
    Hin"us an" Mslems #$e%'" /een
    2al.ing sin=e mi"nig$# # #a.e
    "ars$an ,rm )an"$i1 a .in" ,
    m%s#i= =mmunin engen"ere"
    /% /eing in #$e (resen=e , a
    grea# s(iri#6 T$e% $a" /een #$e
    ,irs# in an unin#erru(#e" ,l2 ,
    (ilgrims #$a# $a" =n+erge" all
    "a% lng n H%"ari Huse6
    E+er% $al, an $ur1 )an"$i $a"
    $a" # in#erru(# $is me"i#a#in
    an" s(inning # a((ear n #$e
    (r=$ /e,re #$e =r2"s6
    Be=ause $e =nsi"ere" #$is a "a%
    , murning1 $e $a" n#
    (re(are" a ,rmal message ,
    =ngra#ula#ins ,r #$e (e(le
    $e'" le" # ,ree"m6 T$a#
    message =ame s(n#aneusl%
    an" i# 2as a""resse" n# #
    In"ia's masses /u# # #$eir ne2
    rulers6
    'Be2are , (2er1' $e 2arne" a
    gru( , (li#i=ians =me #
    see. $is /lessing1 '(2er
    =rru(#s6 D n# le# %ursel+es
    /e en#ra((e" /% i#s (m( an"
    (agean#r%6 Remem/er %u are in
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    ,,i=e # ser+e ; (r in In"ia's
    +illages6'
    T$a# a,#ernn1 2i#$ a /lea#ing
    , =n=$ s$elis1 ?41444 (er
    #$ree #imes #$e num/er #$a# $a"
    ga#$ere" #$e "a% /e,re1 (ui
    "2n Beliag$a#a Ra" ,r
    )an"$iBi's (ra%er mee#ing6 )am
    a""resse" #$em ,rm a 2"en
    (la#,rm $as#il% ere=#e" in #$e %i
    u#si"e #$e $use6 He
    =ngra#ula#e" #$em n 2$a# #$e%
    $a" a=== (lis$e" in &al=u##a6
    T$eir n/le eCam(le1 $e $(e"1
    mig$# insB #$eir =un#r%men in
    #$e PunBa/6
    S$a$ee" Su$ra2ar"%1 $is
    ,ea#ures #au# ,rm #$e s#rain , a
    5AD$ ,as#1 a""resse" #$e
    mul#i#u"e 2$en )an"$i $a"
    ,inis$e"6 T$e n 2$'" /een #$e
    un=$allenge" lea"er , &al=u##a's
    Mslems as.e" miCe" assem/l%
    # se# a seal u(n #$eir
    re=n=ilia#in /% Bining 3 in
    =r%ing 'Jai D Hin" D -i=#r% #
    In"ia'6 A# $is s$u#1 an ans2er
    rar /urs# li.e a =la( , mnsn
    #$un"er ,rm ?41444 #$ra#s6
    A,#er #$e mee#ing1 #$e #2 men
    se# u# #ge#$er n a #ur , =i#%
    in )an"$i's l" &$e+rle#6 T$is
    #ime1 $2e+er1 i# 2as n# +
    s#nes an" =urses #$a# #$e =r2"
    , &al=u##a gree#e" #$e Ma$a#n
    =ar6 A# e+er% s#ree# =rner #$e%
    s$2ere" i# 2i#$ rse2a#er an
    gra#e,ul =r%H ')an"$iBi1 %u $a+e
    sa+e" us!'
    Pna1 30 Augus# 37A8
    T$e =eremn% /eing $el" n a
    +a=an# l# in #$e inlan" =i#% ,
    PV 337 miles su#$Deas# ,
    Bm/a%1 2as similar #
    #$usan"s li. #a.ing (la=e all
    a=rss #$e ne2 "minin ,
    In"ia6 I# 2as a i raising6 One
    #$ing1 $2e+er1 se# #$e li##le
    ri#ual a(ar# ,rm ms #$e #$ers6
    T$e ,lag sl2l% m+ing u( a
    ma.es$i,# s#a,, in #$e =e , a
    gru( , 044 men 2as n# #$e
    ,lag , an in"e(en"en# In"i 2as
    an range #riangle an"
    em/laQne" u(n i# 2as #$e s%n
    2$i=$1 in a slig$#l% m"i,ie"
    ,rm1 $a" #errriQe" Eur(e ,r a
    a"e1 #$e s2as#i.a6
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    range (ennan# in Pna #$e
    same reasn as i# $a" /een n
    #$e /anners , Hi#ler's 3 Rei=$6 I#
    2as an Ar%an s%m/l6 I# $a"
    /een /rug$# # In"ia a# s
    Bun=#ure ls# in #$e mis#s , #ime
    /% #$e ,irs# 2a+es , Ar%an
    'uerrs # su/"ue #$e su/D
    =n#inen#6 T$e men ga#$ere"
    a/u# Pna all /elnge" # #$e
    RSSS1 #$e (araD,as=is#
    m+emen#1 sr 2$se mem/ers
    $a" /een assigne" #$e #as. ,
    assassina#ing Jii alng 2i#$
    Mun#/a##en in *ara=$i A: $urs
    earlier6 Hin"u Qea #$e% sa2
    #$emsel+es as #$e $eirs # #$se
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    an=ien# Ar%ans6
    T$e% s$are" ne em#i i 2i#$
    #$e /es(e=#a=le" (r($e# i
    ((si#e ,lan. n #$e su/D
    =n#inen#6 T$e%1 #1 2ere "es(er
    (aine" /% #$e "i+isin , In"ia6
    T$eir i"en#i,i=a#in 2i#$
    Ma$a#ma )an"$i an" #$e #$ings
    $e s#" ,r1 $2e+er1 en"e"
    #$ere6
    T$e gru( # 2$i=$ #$e%
    /elnge" =$eris$e" an $is#ri=
    "ream1 # re=ns#i#u#e a grea#
    Hin"u em(ire ,rm #$e
    $ea"2a#ers , #$e In"us Ri+er #
    eas#ern Burma1 ,rm Ti/e# #
    &a(e &mrin6 T$e% "es(ise"
    )an"$i an" all $is 2r.s6 T
    #$em1 In"ia's na#inal $er 2as
    #$e ar=$Denem% , Hin"uism6
    T$e "=#rine , nnD+ilen=e
    2i#$ 2$i=$ $e $a" le" In"ia #
    in"e(en"en=e 2as in #$eir e%es a
    =2ar"'s ($ils($% #$aB# $a"
    +i#ia#e" #$e ,r=e an" =$ara=#er
    , #$e Hin"u (e(les6 T$ere 2as
    n (la=e in #$eir "reams ,r #$e
    /r#$er$" au" #leran=e ,
    In"ia's Mslem minri#%
    (rea=$e" /% )an"$i6 T$e%
    =nsi"ere" #$emsel+es1 as
    Hin"us1 #$e sle $eirs # In"ia's
    Ar%an =n'uerrs an" #$ere,re
    #$e rig$#,ul (r(rie#rs , #$e
    su/=n#inen#6 T$e Mslems1 #$e%
    $el"1 2ere "es=en"an#s , an
    usur(ing =lan1 #$a# , #$e
    Mg$uls6
    Bu#1 a/+e all1 #$ere 2as ne sin
    ,r 2$i=$ #$e% =ul" ne+er
    (ar"n In"ia's el"erl% lea"er6
    T$a# #$e% s$ul" e+en $a+e
    a==use" $im , i# 2as #$e ,inal
    =ruel irn% in #$e =ruelles# %ear
    in M$an"as )an"$i's li,e6 T$e%
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    (li#i=ian 2$ $a" ((se" i#
    un#il #$e +er% en"1 slel%
    res(nsi/le ,r In"ia's (ar#i#in6
    T$e man s#an"ing in ,rn# ,
    #$eir ga#$ering in Pna #$a#
    Augus# a,#ernn 2as a
    Burnalis#6 Na#$uram )"se $a"1
    in #$a# summer , 37A81 Bus#
    /e=me ?81 %e# slig$# (a"s ,
    /a/% ,a# s#ill =lung # $is =$ee.s1
    gi+ing $im a "e=e(#i+el% %ung
    an" inn=en# l.6 He $a"
    eC=e(#inal e%es1 large1 sa" an"
    =m(elling in #$eir slig$#l%
    =rsse" gaQe6 In re(se1 #$ere
    2as al2a%s a/u# $is regar" a
    ,ain# air , "isa((r+al1 a s#rain
    a/u# #$e mu#$ an" ns#rils as
    #$ug$ $e $a" Bus# smelle" a
    neig$/ur's /"% "ur /u# 2as
    # (li#e r # in$i/i#e" #
    eC(ress $is "is#as#e6
    N21 $2e+er1 #$se ,ea#ures
    2ere n# in re(se6 Earlier1
    Na#$uram )"se $a" ma"e =lear
    $is sen#imen#s n In"ia's
    In"e(en"en=e Da% n #$e ,rn#
    (age , #$e "ail% (a(er $e e"i#e"1
    #$e Hin"u Ras$#ra D Hin"u
    Na#in6 T$e s(# usuall% ,ille"
    /% $is "ail% e"i#rial $a" /een
    le,# /lan.1 i#s 2$i#e =lumns
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    surrun"e" /% a /la=. /an" ,
    murning6
    T$e =eremnies all arun" In"ia
    =ele/ra#ing in"e(en"en=e 2ere1
    $e #l" $is ,ll2ers1 '"eli/era#e
    =amu,lage # =n=eal ,rm #$e
    (e(le #$e ,a=# #$a# $un"re"s ,
    Hin"u men 2ere /eing
    massa=re" an" $un"re"s ,
    Hin"u 2men /eing .i"na((e"
    an" ra(e"6'
    FT$e +i+ise=#in , In"ia1' $e
    s$u#e"1 2as 'a =alami#%
    =n"emning millins , In"ians
    # $rri/le su,,erings6' I# 2as1
    '#$e 2r. , #$e &ngress Par#%
    an"1 a/+e all1 i#s lea"er
    )an"$i6'
    @$en $e $a" ,inis$e"1 Na#$uram
    )"se le" $is 044 ,ll2ers in
    #$e salu#e # #$eir ,lag6 T$um/s
    (resse" agains# #$eir $ear#s1 #$eir
    $an"s' (alms "2n6a# rig$#
    angles # #$eir =$es#s1 #$e%
    +2e" '# #$e M#$erlan" 2$i=$
    ga+e me /ir#$ an" in 2$i=$ I
    $a+e gr2n #$a# m% /"% is
    rea"% # "ie ,r $er =ause'6
    As $e al2a%s "i"1 Na#$uram
    )"se ,el# a #remr , (ri"e
    ,lu##er a=rss $is /eing as $e
    re=i#e" #$se 2r"s6 All $is li,e1
    ,rm $is s=$l eCamina#ins
    #$rug$ $al, a "Qen #ra"es1
    Na#$uram )"se $a" /een a
    ,ailure a# e+er%#$ing $e'"
    un"er#a.en6 T$en $e'" em/ra=e"
    #$e eC#remis# "=#rines , #$e
    RSSS6 S#ee(ing $imsel, in i#s
    lre an" li#era#ure1 #ea=$ing
    $imsel, # 2ri#e1 # s(ea.1 $e $a"
    ma"e $imsel, ne , #$e
    m+emen#'s ,rems#
    (lemi=is#s6 N2 $e sa2 ,r
    $imsel, a ne2 rle6 He 2ul"
    /e=me a +enge,ul s(iri#1
    (uri,%ing In"ia , #$e ,es , a
    mili#an# Hin"u resurre=#in6 In
    #$a# rle1 ,r #$e ,irs# #ime1
    Na#$uram )"se 2ul" n# /e a
    ,ailure6
    Ne2 Del$i1 30 Augus# 37A8 3
    !r %ears # =me1 #$e ne grea#
    memr% le,# /% 30 Augus# 37A8
    ii In"ia 2ul" /e #$e =r2"s1 #$e
    mul#i#u"inus $r"es inun"a#ing
    ii a $uman sea #$e e+en# #$a# $a"
    /een "esigne" as #$e $ig$ (in# =
    #$e ne2 na#in's in"e(en"en=e
    =ele/ra#ins6 I# 2as #$e ,,i=ial
    raisin , #$e In"ian ,lag a# ,i+e
    '=l=. in #$e a,#ernn in an
    (en s(a= near Ne2 Del$i's
    In"ia )a#e1 a san"s#ne ar=$
    "e"i=a#e" # #l 741444 In"ians
    2$'" "ie" ,r #$e Bri#is$
    Em(ire in @rl" @ar On
    Luis Mun#/a##en an" $is
    a"+isers1 "ra2ing n #$se
    manua 2$i=$ $a" r"ere" all #$e
    gran"ise mani,es#a#ins , #$e
    RaB1 $i es#ima#e" ?41444 (e(le
    2ul" a##en"6 T$e ,igure 2as
    2rng1 n# 3 a ,e2 #$usan" /u#
    /% 2ell +er $al, a millin6
    Ne+er /e,re $T an%ne e+er
    seen an%#$ing rem#el% li.e i# in
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    In"ia's =a(i#al =i#%6
    S#re#=$ing u# in e+er% "ire=#in1
    #$e masses #$a# $a" =n+erg n
    #$e si#e engul,e" #$e li##le ,,i=ial
    #ri/une ere=#e" neC# # #$e ,U
    (le6 T ne s(e=#a#r1 i# l.e"
    li.e 'a ra,# ///ing n a s#n
    sea>6 E+er%#$ing D e+er% +es#ige
    , #$e /arriers1 #$e /an"s#an"s1 3
    =are,ull% (re(are" +isi#rs'
    galler% an" gui"eDr(es D 2as
    s2i a2a% in a "ense #rren# ,
    $uman /eings6 Hel(less1 #$e
    (li=e ll n as /arriers 2ere
    #ram(le"1 =$airs sna((e"1 li.e
    #2igs un"er a ma ,#6 Ls# in
    #$se masses1 RanBi# Lai1 #$e
    (easan# 2$'" le,# +illage ,
    &$a#$ar(ur a# "a2n1 #$ug$# #$e
    nl% =r2"s in In"ia J i# mus# /e
    ,r #$e melas1 #$e $l% /a#$ing
    ,es#i+als in #$e )anges1 #ig$#l%
    "i" #$e #$rng (ress arun" $im
    #$a# Lai an" $is 2i,e =ulV e+en
    ea# #$e =$a(a#is #$e%'" /rug$#
    2i#$ #$em ,rm #$eir +illi T$e%
    2ere una/le # m+e #$eir $an"s
    ,rm #$eir si"es # #l mu#$s6
    EliQa/e#$ &llins an" Muriel
    @a#sn1 La"% Mun#/a##en's
    se=re#aries1 arri+e" Bus# a,#er
    ,i+e6 T$e% $a" =me "resse" ,r
    #$e ==asin1 in ,res$ 2$i#e
    gl+es1 #$eir /es# ==.#ail
    "resses an" /rig$# li##le ,ea#$ere"
    $a#s6 Su""enl% #$e% ,un"
    #$emsel+es =aug$# u( in #$e
    surge , #$a# $a((%1 s2ea#%1 $al,D
    na.e" =r2"6 T$e% 2ere li#erall%
    s2e(# ,, #$eir ,ee# an" #$rus#
    ,r2ar" /% #$e =r2"'s
    remrseless "ri+e6 &lu#=$ing
    ea=$ #$er ,r su((r#1 #$eir $a#s
    as.e21 #$eir "resses "is$e+elle"1
    #$e% s#ruggle" "es(era#el% #
    remain u(rig$#6 !r #$e ,irs# #ime
    in $er li,e1 EliQa/e#$1 2$'"
    a==m(anie" La"% Mun#/a##en
    n all $er 2ar#ime #ri(s1 2as
    ,rig$#ene"6 Tig$#ening $er gri(
    n Muriel's arm1 s$e gas(e"H
    '@e're ging # /e #ram(le" #
    "ea#$!'
    Muriel s=anne" #$e $r"es
    $emming #$em in n all si"es6
    'T$an. )"1' s$e murmure" 2i#$
    a sig$ , relie,1 'a# leas#1 #$e%'re
    n# 2earing s$es6'
    Pamela Mun#/a##en1 #$e 38D
    %earDl" %unger "aug$#er , #$e
    )+ernrD)eneral1 arri+e" 2i#$
    #2 , $er ,a#$er's s#a,,6 @i#$
    enrmus "i,,i=ul#% #$e% 2r.e"
    #$eir 2a% #2ar"s #$e 2"en
    #ri/une6 A $un"re" %ar"s a2a%
    #$e% =ame n an im(assa/le
    /arrier , (e(le1 all sea#e"1
    s'ueeQe" s #ig$#l% #ge#$er #$a#
    #$ere 2as /arel% a /rea#$ , air
    /e#2een #$em6
    S(##ing $er ,rm $is (la=e n
    #$e #ri/une Ne$ru s$u#e" a# $er
    # =rss +er #$e (e(le # #$e
    (la#,rm6
    'H2 =an I?' s$e s$u#e" /a=.6
    'I'+e g# $ig$ $eels n6'
    Ta.e #$em ,,1' re(lie" Ne$ru6
    Pamela =ul"n'# "ream , "ing
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    sme#$ing as un"igni,ie" n
    su=$ an $is#ri= ==asin6 'O$1'
    s$e gas(e"1 'I =ul"n'# " #$a#6'
    'T$en lea+e #$em n1' sai"
    Ne$ru6 'Jus# 2al. +er #$e
    (e(le6 T$e% 2n'# min"6'
    'O$1' re(lie" Pamela1 '#$e $eels
    2ill $ur# #$em6'
    'Dn'# /e a sill% girl1' sna((e"
    Ne$ru6 'Ta.e #$em ,, an" =me
    a=rss6'
    @i#$ a sig$1 #$e "aug$#er ,
    In"ia's las# -i=er% .i=.e" ,,
    $er s$es1 (i=.e" #$em u( an"
    se# ,, a=rss #$e =ar(e# ,
    $uman /eings se(ara#ing $er
    ,rm #$e (la#,rm6 Laug$ing
    glee,ull%1 #$e In"ians +er 2$m
    s$e 2as #rea"ing $el(e" $er
    alng1 s#ea"%ing $er s$a.ing
    legs1 gui"ing $er el/21 (in#ing
    2i#$ "elig$# # $er s$in% $ig$
    $eels6
    A# #$e ins#an# #$e /rig$# #ur/ans
    , #$e /"%guar" es=r#ing #$e
    Mun#/a##ens' s#a#e =arriage
    a((eare" n #$e $riQn1 #$e
    =r2" #$rus# ,r2ar" 2i#$ a
    2a+eDli.e $ea+e6 !ll2ing $er
    (aren#s' sl2 (rgress ,rm #$e
    #ri/une1 Pamela 2i#nesse" an
    in=re"i/le s(e=#a=le6
    In #$a# $uman sea surrun"ing
    #$e #ri/une 2ere #$usan"s ,
    2men =lu#=$ing nursing /a/ies
    a# #$eir /reas#s6 Terri,ie" #$a#
    #$eir in,an#s 2ul" /e =rus$e"
    /% #$e m/'s surge1 #$e% rea=#e"
    2i#$ a "es(era#e ges#ure6 T$e%
    $urle" #$em u( in# #$e air li.e
    ru//er /alls1 #ssing #$em /a=.
    u( again ea=$ #ime #$e% #um/le"
    "2n6 In an ins#an#1 #$e air 2as
    ,ille" 2i#$ $un"re"s , in,an#s6
    'M% )"1' #$ug$# #$e %ung girl
    $er e%es 2i"e 2i#$ 2n"er1 'i#'s
    raining /a/ies!'
    !rm $is =arriage1 Mun#/a##en
    ins#an#l% realiQe" #$ere 2asn'#
    #$e +agues# =$an=e , =arr%ing
    u# #$e ela/ra#el% (lanne" ri#ual
    $e'" (re(are" # a==m(an% #$e
    ,lag raising6 He $imsel, =ul"n'#
    e+en ge# u# , #$e =arriage6
    'Le#'s Bus# $is# #$e ,lag1' $e
    s$u#e" # Ne$ru6 FT$e /an"'s
    s2am(e"6 T$e% =an'# (la%6 T$e
    guar"s =an'# m+e6'
    O+er #$e =r2"'s $a((% "in1 #$e
    men n #$e (la#,rm $ear" $is
    =all6 T$e sa,,rn1 2$i#e an"
    green /anner , a ,ree In"ia
    =lim/e" u( #$e ,lag(le 2$ile1
    #au#l% ere=# in $is =arriage1
    Lueen -i=#ria's grea#Dgran"sn
    mar.e" i#s (rgress 2i#$ a
    ,rmal salu#e6
    A rar , un#rammelle"
    $a((iness /urs# ,rm $al, a
    millin #$ra#s as #$e ,l"s , #$e
    ,lag rse a/+e #$e $ea"s , #$e
    =r2"6 In #$e B% , #$a# su/lime
    se=n"1 In"ia ,rg# #$e /a##le ,
    Plasse%1 #$e +engean=e , 3:081
    #$e massa=re , Amri#sar6
    !rg##en ,r an ins#an# 2ere #$e
    $umilia#ins , mar#ial la21
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #$e JaJAJ'Ds2inging (li=e
    =$arges1 #$e eCe=u#ins , $er
    in"e(en"en=e mar#%rs6 T$ree
    "i,,i=ul# =en#uries 2ere se# asi"e
    # all2 $er # sa+ur un,e##ere"
    #$e "elig$# , #$a# mmen#6
    E+en #$e $ea+ens seeme" rea"%
    # /rig$#en i#s $is#ri= im(a=#6
    As In"ia's ne2 ,lag neare" #$e
    (ea. , i#s ,lags#a,,1 a rain/2
    su""enl% ,las$e" a=rss #$e s.%6
    T a (e(le # 2$m #$e ==ul#
    2as an /sessin an" #$e
    =eles#ial /"ies #$e (rer"ina#rs
    , Man's "es#in%1 i#s a((earan=e
    =ul" nl% /e in#er(re#e" as a
    mani,es#a#in , #$e Di+ine6
    Ms# eC#rar"inar% , all1 i#s
    green1 %ell2 an" in"ig /an"s
    2ere eeril% similar # #$e =lurs
    , #$e ,lag ,rame" in i#s (er,e=#
    ar=6 As i# gli##ere" #$ere1 a +i=e
    'ui+ering 2i#$ 2n"er rse ,rm
    #$e ,a=eless $r"e arun" #$e
    (la#,rm6
    '@$en )" $imsel, gi+es us a
    sign su=$ as #$is1' i# =alle" u# in
    Hin"i1 '2$ =an s#an" agains#
    us?'
    T$e ms# eC#rar"inar%
    eC(erien=e , #$eir li+es n2
    a2ai#e" Luis an" E"2ina
    Mun#/a##en1 #$eir ri"e /a=. #
    Lu#%ens' (ala=e6 T$eir gil"e"
    =arriage /e=ame a sr# , li,eD
    ra,#1 #sse" ami"s# #$e ms#
    $%s#eri=al1 $a((%1 eCu/eran#
    #$rng , $uman /eings ei#$er ,
    #$em $a" e+er seen6 Ne$ru
    $imsel, 2as (asse" u( in# #$e
    =arriage # ri"e 2i#$ #$em1 'ui#e
    li#erall% #$rus# a/ar" /% $is
    =un#r%men6 T$e 2$le #$ing1
    Mun#/a##en #$ug$#1 2as 'a
    .in" , an enrmus (i=ni= ,
    alms# a millin (e(le1 all ,
    #$em $a+ing mre ,un #$an
    #$e%'" e+er $a" in #$eir li+es'6 He
    imme"ia#el% un"ers#" #$a# #$is
    s(n#aneus1 un=n#rlla/le1 /u#
    u##erl% $a((% u#/urs# 2as a ,ar
    #ruer re,le=#in , #$e meaning
    , #$is "a% #$an all #$e (m( an"
    (agean#r% $e'" (lanne" ,r i#6
    S#an"ing u( in #$e mi""le , a
    ,res# , 2a+ing $an"s #$rus#
    ,ran#i=all% #2ar"s $is1
    Mun#/a##en s=anne" #$e =r2"1
    #r%ing # ,in" an u#er limi# #
    #$a# ,iel" , $uman $ea"s6 He
    =ul" see nne6 As ,ar as $is
    e%es =ul" rea=$ #$ere 2as #$e
    =r2"1 al2a%s #$e =r2"6
    T$ree #imes1 Mun#/a##en an"
    $is 2i,e leane" u# , #$e
    =arriage an" $aule" a/ar" an
    eC$aus#e" 2man a/u# #
    #um/le un"er i#s 2$eels6 T$e #ri
    #. #$eir (la=es n #$e /la=.
    lea#$er sea#s "esigne" # =us$in
    #$e *ing an" Lueen , Englan"6
    T$e% sa# #$ere1 "ar. e%es 2i"e
    2i#$ 2n"er1 #$e e"ges , #$eir
    saris (ulle" a=rss #$eir giggling
    mu#$s1 /un=ing alng 2i#$
    In"ia's las# -i=er% an"
    -i=ereine laug$ing $a((il% a#
    #$eir si"es6
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    A/+e all1 ,r Luis an" E"2ina
    Mun#/a##en #$e memr% , #$is
    glrius "a% 2ul" al2a%s /e
    ass=ia#e" 2i#$ a =r%1 a +i/ran#1
    in#ermina/l% re(ea#e" =r%6 N
    Englis$man in In"ian $is#r%
    $a" /een (ri+ilege" # $ear i#
    s$u#e" 2i#$ #$e em#in an"
    sin=eri#% #$a# 2en# 2i#$ i# #$a#
    a,#ernn in Ne2 Del$i6 Li.e a
    series , #$un"er=la(s i# /urs#
    +er an" +er again ,rm #$e
    =r2"1 #$e ((ular san=#in ,
    Mun#/a##en's a=$ie+emen#6
    S#an"ing #$ere in $is s$a.ing
    =arriage1 $e re=ei+e" sme#$ing
    nei#$er $is grea#Dgran"m#$er
    nr an% , $er (rgen% $a"
    re=ei+e"1 #$e $mage1 #$e real
    $mage1 , #$e (e(le , In"ia6
    'Mun#/a##en *i Jail' #$e =r2"
    %elle" again an" again1
    'Mun#/a##en *i Jai D Lng Li+e
    Mun#/a##en!'6
    SiC #$usan" miles ,rm #$e
    eCul#ing =r2"s , Ne2 Del$i1
    in #$e $ear# , #$e S=##is$
    Hig$lan"s1 an ,,i=ial =ar
    en#ere" #$e =ur#%ar" , #$e
    =as#le , Balmral6 I#s sle
    ==u(an# 2as imme"ia#el%
    s$2n # #$e s#u"% in 2$i=$
    )erge -I a2ai#e"6 B2ing
    s#i,,l%1 #$e Earl , Lis#2el1 las#
    Se=re#ar% , S#a#e ,r In"ia1
    slemnl% in,rme" #$e U *ing
    #$a# #$e Trans,er , P2er #
    In"ian $an"s $a" /een
    a==m(lis$e"6 T$e na#ure , #$e
    mnar=$'s reign 2as irre+=a/l%
    al#ere"T $is n lnger 2as #$e
    "esigna#in , )erge -I1 ReC
    Im(era#r6 He $a" n21 Lis#2el
    eC(laine"1 # re#urn # )erge
    -Ps =us#"% I #$se an=ien#
    seals 2$i=$ $a" /een #$e /a"ge
    , #$e Se=re#ar% , ! S#a#e's
    ,,i=e1 #$e s%m/l , #$e lin.s
    /in"ing #$e In"ian Em(ire # #$e
    Bri#is$ =r2n6
    Un$a((il%1 $e =n#inue"1 #$ere
    2ere n seals6 Smene %ears
    /e,re $a" mislai" #$em6 T$e
    nl% su+enir $is las# Se=re#ar%
    , S#a#e ,r In"ia =ul" ,,er #
    #$e s+ereign 2as a ri#ualis#i=
    n" , $is $ea" an" #$e s%m/li=
    eC#ensin , an em(#% (alm6
    Dus.1 an" #$e "us# raise" /% a
    millin ,ee#1 se##le" +er #$e
    =a(i#al , In"ia6 T$usan"s
    =n#inue" # #$rng i#s s#ree#s1
    singing1 =$eering1 em/ra=ing6 In
    Ol" Del$i1 /% #$e 2alls , #$e
    Re" !r#1 #$usan"s ,
    =ele/ra#ing (e(le s2arme"
    #$rug$ a gigan#i= u#"r
    =arni+al , sna.e =$armers1
    Bugglers1 ,r#une #ellers1 "an=ing
    /ears1 2res#lers1 s2r"
    s2all2ers1 ,a.irs (ier=ing #$eir
    =$ee.s 2i#$ sil+er s(i.es1
    ,lau#is#s6 O#$er #$usan"s
    #ru"ge" u# , #$e =i#% #2ar"s
    #$e en"less (lains ,rm 2$i=$
    #$e%'" =me6 RanBi# Lai1 #$e
    Bra$min (easan# ,rm
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    &$a#$ar(ur1 2as amng #$em6 T
    Lai's "is#ress1 #$e #nga "ri+er
    2$'" as.e" ,ur annas # /ring
    $im # Del$i n2 2an#e" #2
    ru(ees # #a.e $im $me6
    -2ing #$a# 2as # $ig$ a (ri=e
    # (a% ,r ,ree"m1 $e an" $is
    ,amil% se# u# # 2al. #$e #2en#%
    miles /a=. # #$eir +illage6
    Alne a# las# in #$e (ri+a#e
    =$am/er , #$eir (ala=e1 Luis
    an= E"2ina Mun#/a##en ,ell
    in# ea=$ #$er's arms6 Tears ,
    s$ee $a((iness (ure" "2n
    #$eir ,a=es6 T$e 2$eel , #$eir
    li+es $a" =m ,ull =ir=le6 In #$e
    s#ree#s , #$e =i#% in 2$i=$ a
    'uar#er , a =en#ur /e,re #$e%
    $a" ,allen in l+e1 #$e% $a"
    s$are" a #rium($1 ,el# a
    eC$ilara#in su=$ as is gi+en #
    ,e2 (e(le # .n26 !r #$e
    a"mira e+en #$ug$ $e $a"
    #as#e" #$e eCul#an# (leasure ,
    a==e(#ing ## surren"er , #$ree
    'uar#ers , a millin Ja(anese1
    $is li,e 2ul ne+er (r"u=e
    an#$er eC(erien=e # ri+al i#6 I#
    $a" /een1 Lu Mun#/a##en
    #$ug$#1 li.e #$e $%s#eri=al
    =ele/ra#in a# #$e en" , 2ar D
    nl% #$is $a" /een 'a 2ar /#$
    si"es $a" 2n1 a 2ar 2i#$T
    lsers'6
    T$e ,ll2ing mrning1 a +isi#r
    ,rm Ne2 Del$i rang #$e /ell
    Num/er 34 D2ning S#ree#6 I#s
    ==u(an#1 &lemen# A##lee1 $
    e+er% reasn # ,eel sa#is,ie"6
    In"ia's in"e(en"en=e $a" /een T
    =m(anie" /% an u#(uring ,
    g"2ill an" ,rien"s$i( #2ai
    Bri#ain su=$ as n ne $a"
    #$ug$# (ssi/le siC mn#$s /e,=
    &m(aring $er a=#ins # #$se
    , Hllan" in In"nesia an" !rai
    in In"D&$ina1 ne "is#inguis$e"
    In"ian $a" "e=lare"1 '@e = n#
    /u# a"mire #$e =urage an"
    (li#i=al =a(a=i#% , #$e Brii
    (e(le6'
    Luis Mun#/a##en1 $2e+er1
    $a" sen# $is ,rmer Se=re#
    )erge A/ell1 # =au#in A##lee
    agains# an% eC=essi+e Bu/ila#ii
    n M

    '$ l+el% "a2n , ,ree"m'

    5:3

    su=$ "e=lara#ins6 T$e manner in
    2$i=$ in"e(en"en=e $a" /een
    a=$ie+e"1 A/ell #l" A##lee in #$e
    gar"en , $is resi"en=e1 2as a
    grea# #rium($ /#$ ,r $is
    g+ernmen# an" #$e man $e $a"
    =$sen as $is las# -i=er%6 Bu#1
    $e 2arne"1 "n'# =ele/ra#e #$e
    #rium($ # 'ui=.l% r #
    (u/li=l%1 /e=ause #$e ine+i#a/le
    =nse'uen=e , (ar#i#in 2as
    ging # /e '#$e ms# a((alling
    /l"s$e" an" =n,usin'6
    A##lee (u,,e" a# $is (i(e an"
    sa"l% s$. $is $ea"6 T$ere
    2ul" /e n /as#,ul
    #rum(e#ings1 n sel,Dsa#is,ie"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    (r=lama#ins =ming ,rm
    D2ning S#ree#1 $e agree"6 He
    2as 'un"er n illusin'6 @$a#
    #$e% $a" a==m(lis$e" 2as
    im(r#an# /u# $e 2ell .ne2 #$ere
    2as n2 a (ri=e # /e (ai" an"
    #$a# (ri=e 2as ging # /e
    '#erri/le /l"s$e" in #$e In"ia
    2e $a+e le,#'6
    T$e #ime $a" =me # (en
    Pan"ra's /C6 !r Bus# a se=n"
    Luis Mun#/a##en (ause"1 $is
    gaQe u(n #$e #2 manilla
    en+el(es in $is $an"6 Ea=$
    =n#aine" a se# , #$e ne2 ma(s
    , #$e su/D=n#inen# an" less
    #$an a "Qen #%(e2ri##en (ages
    , (a(er6 T$e% 2ere #$e las#
    ,,i=ial "=umen#s Bri#ain 2ul"
    /e'uea#$ In"ia1 #$e ,inal ,in.s in
    a =$ain #$a# $a" /egun 2i#$
    EliQa/e#$ I's R%al &$ar#er #
    #$e Eas# In"ia &m(an% in 3077
    an" =n#inue" "2n # #$a# a=#
    +er 2$i=$1 /arel% a mn#$
    /e,re1 a =ler. $a" mu##ere" 'Le
    Ri le -eu@6 Nne , #$e
    "=umen#s 2$i=$ $a" (re=e"e"
    #$em1 $2e+er1 $a" (r"u=e" a
    rea=#in as imme"ia#e r as
    /ru#al as #$ese 2ere ging #6
    T$e% 2ere1 ine+i#a/l%1 #$e
    =a#al%s#s , #$e #rage"% (re"i=#e"
    # Bri#ain's Prime Minis#er in $is
    D2ning S#ree# gar"en6
    Mun#/a##en (asse" #$em #
    Ne$ru an" Pa.is#an's Prime
    Minis#er1 Lia'a# Ali *$an1
    sugges#ing #$e% s#u"% #$em in
    #2 "i,,eren# rms1 #$en re#urn
    ,r a Bin# mee#ing in #2 $urs'
    #ime6 T$e ,ur% =n#r#ing #$eir
    ,a=es n #$eir re#urn reassure"
    Mun#/a##en n a# leas# ne
    (in#H &%ril Ra"=li,,e $a"
    (er,rme" $is #$an.less #as.
    2i#$ #rue im(ar#iali#%6 B#$ men
    seeme" e'uall% enrage"6 As sn
    as #$e% sa# "2n1 #$e% eC(l"e"
    in a rus$ , angr% (r#es#s6
    In"ia's in"e(en"en=e
    =ele/ra#ins 2ere +er6
    &%ril Ra"=li,,e $a" ,ll2e" $is
    ins#ru=#ins rigrusl% in
    a((l%ing $is s=al(el # #$e ma(
    , In"ia6 @i#$ a ,e2 minr
    eC=e(#ins1 #$e lines $e'" #ra=e"
    in #$e PunBa/ an" Bengal 2ere
    #$se im(se" /% #$e religius
    (ersuasin , #$e maBri#%
    ((ula#ins6 T$e resul# 2as
    eCa=#l% 2$a# e+er%ne $a"
    (re"i=#e"H #e=$ni=all% ,easi/le1 in
    (ra=#i=al a((li=a#in a "isas#er6
    T$e line in #$e Bengal
    =n"emne" /#$ (ar#ies #
    e=nmi= ruin unless #$e% =ul"
    =lla/ra#e6 Eig$#%D,i+e (er =en#
    , #$e 2rl"'s Bu#e 2as gr2n in
    #$e area #$a# $a" gne #
    Pa.is#an1 /u# #$ere 2as n# a
    single mill ,r (r=essing i# in
    #$e ne2 s#a#e's #erri#r%6 In"ia
    2un" u( 2i#$ +er a $un"re"
    Bu#e mills1 #$e (r# , &al=u##a
    ,rm 2$i=$ i# 2as s$i((e" # #$e
    2rl" D an" n Bu#e6
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    T$e PunBa/ /un"ar% +er
    2$i=$ Ra"=li,,e $a" agniQe" s
    mu=$1 /egan in a #ra=.less 2"
    n #$e e"ge , *as$mir 2$ere
    #$e 2es#ern /ran=$ , a ri+er
    =alle" #$e UB$ en#ere" #$e
    PunBa/6 !ll2ing 2$ere
    (ssi/le #$e Ra+i r Su#leB
    Ri+ers1 i# ran 544 miles su#$ #
    #$e nr#$ernms# e"ge , #$e
    )rea# In"ian Deser#6 La$re
    2en# # Pa.is#an1 Amri#sar 2i#$
    i#s )l"en Tem(le # In"ia6
    As i# 2as =n"emne" ,rm #$e
    s#ar# # "1 Ra"=li,,e's line sli=e"
    in# #2 (ar#s #$e lan"s an"
    (e(les , In"ia's ms# =lsel%
    .ni#1 mili#an# =mmuni#%1 #$e
    Si.$s6 -enge,ul an" em/i##ere"1
    #$e% 2ere n2 # /e=me #$e
    (rin=i(al a=#rs in #$e #rage"% ,
    #$e PunBa/6
    T$e maBr =n#r+ers% (r"u=e"
    /% Ra"=li,,e's a2ar" 2ul"
    =me +er ne , $is rare
    eC=e(#ins # $is maBri#%
    ((ula#in (rin=i(le6 I# in+l+e"
    a s'uali" li##le =i#% =alle"
    )ur"as(ur near #$e nr#$ern
    eC#remi#% , #$e PunBa/6 T$ere1
    Ra"=li,,e6 $a" ele=#e" # ,ll2
    #$e na#ural /un"ar% line , #$e
    Ra+i Ri+er1 lea+ing #$e =i#% an"
    #$e Mslem +illages arun" i#
    insi"e In"ia1 ins#ea" , =rea#ing a
    Pa.is#ani en=la+e (r#ru"ing in#
    In"ian #erri#r%6
    I# 2as a "e=isin ,r 2$i=$
    Pa.is#an's millins 2ul" ne+er
    (ar"n $im6 !r1 $a" Ra"=li,,e
    a2ar"e" )ur"as(ur # Pa.is#an1
    i# 2as n# #$a# "ir#%1
    in=nse'uen#ial =i#% Jinna$'s
    s#a#e 2ul" $a+e 2n6 @i#$ i#1
    ine+i#a/l%1 2ul" $a+e =me #$e
    en=$an#e" +ale ,r 2$i=$ #$e
    "%ing Mg$ul Em(err Je$angir
    $a" =rie" in "es(air '*as$mir D
    nl% *as$mir'6
    @i#$u# )ur"as(ur1 In"ia 2ul"
    $a+e n (ra=#i=a/le lan" a==ess
    # *as$mir an" i#s +a=illa#ing
    Hin"u Ma$araBa1 Hari Sing$1
    2ul" $a+e $a" n =$i=e eC=e(#
    # lin. *as$mir's "es#in% #
    Pa.is#an6 Unin#en#inall%1 alms#
    ina"+er#en#l%1 Ra"=li,,e's s=al(el
    $a" ,,ere" In"ia #$e $(e ,
    =laiming *as$mir6
    T$e man 2$ $a" /een as.e" #
    ser+e as #$e ar#isan , In"ia's
    +i+ise=#in /e=ause $e $a"
    .n2n s li##le a/u# i#1
    =n#em(la#e" ,r #$e las# #ime in
    $is li,e #$e murn,ul lan"s=a(es
    , #$e =un#r% $e'" "i+i"e"6 &%ril
    Ra"=li,,e1 un"er =lse se=uri#%
    guar"1 2as ging $me6 T$e las#
    #as. a==m(lis$e" /% #$e I&S
    ,,i=er "elega#e" # assis# $im
    $a" /een # =m/ $is (lane ,r a
    (ssi/le /m/6 Ls# in $is
    #$ug$#s1 #$e Bri#is$ Buris#
    2a#=$e" ,rm $is air=ra,#'s
    2in"2 as #$e PunBa/'s en"less
    ,iel"s , 2$ea# an" sugar=ane
    sli((e" (as#1 #$eir ,urr2s
    in"eli/l% al#ere" n2 /% #$e
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    #ra=ings , $is (en=il n a ma(6
    Ra"=li,,e .ne2 2ell #$e grie,
    an" =ns#erna#in #$e lines $e'"


    5:5
    ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#
    (r"u=e" 2ere ging # =ause6
    T$ere $a" /een1 alas1 n lines $e
    =ul" $a+e "ra2n #$a# 2ul" n#
    $a+e /rug$# ,r#$ #$eir $ar+es#
    , anguis$ an" su,,ering6 T$e
    elemen#s ineCra/l% (r(elling
    #$e PunBa/ # #rage"% $a" /een
    in$eren# in #$e si#ua#in lng
    /e,re &%ril Ra"=li,,e $a" /een
    summne" # In"ia6 As =er#ain
    as #$e e#ernal =%=le , #$e
    PunBa/'s seasns1 #$e
    =nse'uen=es , $is a2ar"
    2ul"1 $e .ne21 /e #erri/le
    /l"s$e"1 +ilen=e an"
    "es#ru=#in6 An"1 Bus# as =er#ain1
    $e .ne2 i# 2as $e 2$ 2ul" /e
    /lame" ,r i# all6
    Pa=.e" a2a% in $is luggage 2ere
    Ra"=li,,e's ($%si=al su+enirs ,
    $is s#a% in In"ia1 a (air ,
    rien#al =ar(e#s $e'" /ug$# in
    Del$i's /aQaar6 His real
    su+enirs 2ul" al2a%s /e
    men#al6 On $is a((in#men# /#$
    Ne$ru an" Jinna$ $a" agree" #
    /e /un" /% $is "e=isin an" use
    all #$eir au#$ri#% # im(lemen#
    i#6 N21 in unseeming $as#e1
    /#$ men rus$e" # =n"emn
    #$se (ar#s 2$i=$ "i" n# sui#
    #$em1 sa/#aging i#1 alms#1 2i#$
    #$eir 'illD#em(ere" rea=#ins'6
    In a ,e2 "a%s' #ime1 in #$se la2
    =$am/ers ,rm 2$i=$ $e'" se#
    u# ,r In"ia1 a #$rug$l%
    "isen=$an#e" Ra"=li,,e rea=#e"
    # #$eir u#/urs# 2i#$ #$e ne
    ges#ure a+aila/le # $im6 He
    "is"ain,ull% re#urne" #$e O5444
    $e 2as # $a+e re=ei+e" as $is
    ,ee ,r (re(aring #$e ms#
    =m(leC /un"ar% a2ar" ,
    m"ern #imes6
    On #$e (lains /el21 in+isi/le #
    Ra"=li,,e1 #$e grea#es# migra#in
    in $uman $is#r% 2as alrea"%
    /eginning6 Pre=ursrs , #$e
    s#rm # =me1 a ,irs# #ri=.le ,
    $el(less (e(le s#aggere" alng
    #$e PunBa/'s =anal /an.s1 "2n
    $er "ir# (a#$s1 an" unmar.e"
    #ra=.s1 +er $er grea# Trun.
    Hig$2a%1 a=rss $er un$ar+es#e"
    ,iel"s6 In a ,e2 $urs1 #$e
    (u/li=a#in , Ra"=li,,e's re(r#
    2ul" a"" s#ill an#$er
    "imensin # #$e $rrrs
    en,l"ing #$a# (r+in=e 2$i=$
    $a" /een #$e arena , s man% ,
    man.in"'s "ramas6 -illages
    2$se Mslem in$a/i#an#s $a"
    eCul#e" a# #$e /ir#$ , Pa.is#an
    2ul" ,in" #$emsel+es in In"iaT
    in #$ers1 Si.$s /arel% ,inis$e"
    =ele/ra#ing 2$a# #$e% $a"
    mis#a.enl% #$ug$# 2as #$eir
    $amle#'s a##a=$men# # In"ia1
    /e,re #$e% $a" # ,lee ,r #$eir
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    li+es #2ar"s Ra"=li,,e's /r"er
    a=rss #$e ,iel"s #$e%'" =ul#i+a#e"
    ,r %ears6
    Sn #$e anmalies 2$i=$
    Ra"=li,,e $a" 2arne" $as#e
    2ul" (r"u=e /e=ame mani,es#6
    In (la=es1 #$e $ea"2r.s , a
    =anal s%s#em en"e" u( in ne
    =un#r%1 #$e em/an.men#s 2$i=$
    (r#e=#e" #$em in an#$er6
    Sme#imes #$e line ran "2n #$e
    $ear# , a +illage1 lea+ing a
    "Qen $u#s in In"ia1 a "Qen
    mre in Pa.is#an6 O==asinall% i#
    e+en /ise=#e" a $me1 lea+ing a
    ,rn# "r (ening n # In"ia
    an" a rear 2in"2 l.ing in#
    Pa.is#an6 Alms# all #$e PunBa/'s
    Bails 2un" u( in Pa.is#an6 S1
    #1 "i" i#s sli#ar% luna#i=
    as%lum6
    T$ere1 in a su""en /un# ,
    lu=i"i#%1 i#s #erri,ie" Hin"u an"
    Si.$
    'OH LO-ELY DA@N O!
    !REEDOM> 5:?
    inma#es /egge" #$eir =us#"ians
    # sen" #$em # In"ia6 T$e
    Mslems1 #$e% reasne"1 2ul"
    slaug$#er #$em i, #$e% remaine"
    in Pa.is#an! T$eir (lea 2as
    reBe=#e"6 !ar less (res=ien# #$an
    #$se luna#i=s ,r 2$m #$e%
    2ere res(nsi/le1 #$e as%lum's
    "=#rs ,resa2 n su=$ "anger6
    &n"es=en"ingl% #$e% assure"
    #$eir (a#ien#s '#$eir ,ears 2ere
    imaginar%'6 T$e% 2ere an%#$ing
    /u# #$a# # i S
    'Our Pe(le Ha+e )ne Ma"'
    T$e PunBa/1 Augus#DSe(#em/er
    37A8
    I# 2ul" /e uni'ue1 a =a#a=l%sm
    2i#$u# (re=e"en#1 un,reseen in
    magni#u"e1 unr"ere" in (a##ern1
    unreasne" in sa+ager%6 !r siC
    #erri/le 2ee.s1 li.e #$e ra+ages
    , a me"ie+al (lague1 a mama
    ,r mur"er 2ul" s2ee( a=rss
    #$e ,a=e , nr#$ern In"ia6 T$ere
    2ul" /e n san=#uar% ,rm i#s
    s=urge1 n =rner ,ree ,rm #$e
    =n#agin , i#s +irus6 Hal, as
    man% In"ians 2ul" lse #$eir
    li+es in #$a# s2i,# s(lurge ,
    slaug$#er as Ameri=ans in ,ur
    %ears , =m/a# in @rl" @arn6
    E+er%2$ere #$e man% an" #$e
    s#rng assaul#e" #$e 2ea. an"
    #$e ,e26 In #$e s#a#el% $mes ,
    Ne2 Del$i's AurangaQe/ Ra"1
    #$e sil+er su.s ,Ol"
    Del$i's&$an"ni&$2.6#$e
    m$allas , Amri#sar1 #$e elegan#
    su/ur/s , La$re1 #$e /aQaar ,
    Ra2al(in"i1 #$e 2alle" =i#% ,
    Pes$a2arT in s$(s1 s#alls1 mu"
    $u#s1 +illage alle%2a%sT in /ri=.D
    .ilns1 ,a=#ries an" ,iel"sT in
    rail2a% s#a#ins an" #ea $usesT
    =mmuni#ies 2$i=$ $a" li+e"
    si"e /% si"e ,r genera#ins ,ell
    u(n ea=$ #$er in an rg% ,
    $a#e6 I# 2as n# a 2ar1 n# a =i+il
    2ar1 n# a guerrilla =am(aign6 I#
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    2as a =n+ulsin1 #$e su""en1
    s$a##ering =lla(se , a s=ie#%6
    One a=# (r+.e" an#$er1 ne
    $rrr ,e" an#$er1 ea=$
    slaug$#er /eg# i#s su==essr1
    ea=$ rumur i#s imi#a#r1 ea=$
    a#r=i#% i#s =un#er(ar#1 un#il1
    li.e sl2Dm#in images , a
    /uil"ing "isin#egra#ing un"er #$e
    im(a=# , an eC(lsin1 #$e 2alls
    , PunBa/ s=ie#% =rum/le" u(n
    ea=$ #$er6
    T$e "isas#er $a" i#s eC(lana#ins6
    In"ia an" Pa.is#an 2ere a# #$e
    memen# , #$eir /ir#$ li.e a (air
    , Siamese #2ins lin.e" /% a
    malignan# #umur1 #$e PunBa/6
    &%ril Ra"=li,,e's s=al(el $a"
    se+ere" #$e #umur1 /u# i# $a"
    n# /een a/le # =ar+e u# #$e
    =an=erus =ells in,e=#ing ea=$
    $al,6 His line $a" le,# 0 millin
    Si.$s an" Hin"us in Pa.is#an's
    $al, , #$e PunBa/1 +er 0
    millin Mslems in In"ia's $al,6
    Pr""e" /% #$e "emagguer% ,
    Jinna$ an" #$e lea"ers , #$e
    Mslem League1 #$e PunBa/'s
    eC(li#e" Mslems $a"
    =n+in=e" #$emsel+es #$a#1
    sme$21 in Pa.is#an #$e Lan"
    , #$e Pure1 Hin"u mne%D
    len"ers1 s$(.ee(ers1 Qamin"ars
    an" aggressi+e Si.$ lan"lr"s1
    2ul" "isa((ear6 Ye# #$ere #$e%
    2ere n #$e a,#erma#$ ,
    in"e(en"en=e1 s#ill rea"% #
    =lle=# #$eir ren#s1 s#ill
    ==u(%ing #$enDs$(s an" ,arms6
    Ine+i#a/l%1 a sim(le #$ug$#
    s2e(# #$e Mslem massesH i,
    Pa.is#an is urs1 s # are #$e
    s$(s1 ,arms1 $uses an"
    ,a=#ries , #$e Hin"us an"
    Si.$s6 A=rss #$e /r"er #$e
    mili#an#
    'ur (e(le $a+e gne ma"'
    5:0
    Si.$s (re(are" # "ri+e #$e
    Mslems ,rm #$eir mi"s# s
    #$e% =ul" ga#$er n # #$e
    a/an"ne" lan"s #$eir /r#$ers
    2$m Ra"=li,,e's s=al(el $a"
    le,# in Pa.is#an6
    An" s1 in a /e2il"ering ,renQ%1
    Hin"us1 Si.$s an" Mslems
    #urne" n ea=$ #$er6 In"ia 2as
    e+er a lan" , eC#ra+agan#
    "imensins1 an" #$e $rrr , #$e
    PunBa/'s .illings1 #$e a/un"an=e
    l $uman anguis$ an" su,,ering
    #$e% 2ul" (r"u=e1 "i" n# ,ail
    #$ai an=ien# #ra"i#in6 Eur(e's
    (e(les $a" slaug$#ere" ea=$
    #$er 2i" /m/s1 s$ells an" #$e
    =al=ula#e" $rrrs , #$e gas
    =$am/ersT #$i (e(le , #$e
    PunBa/ se# u# # "es#r%
    #$emsel+es 2i#$ /am/= s#a+es1
    $=.e%Ds#i=.s1 i=eD(i=.s1 .ni+es1
    =lu/s1 s2r"s1 $ammers /ri=.s
    an" =la2ing ,ingers6 T$eirs 2as
    a s(n#aneus1 irra#ina
    slaug$#er6 A((alle" a# #$e
    em#ins #$e% $a" ina"+er#en#l%
    un leas$e"1 #$eir "es(era#e
    lea"ers #rie" # =all #$em /a=. #
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    reasr I# 2as a $(eless =r%6
    T$ere 2as n reasn in #$a# /rie,
    an" =ruV seasn 2$en In"ia
    2en# ma"6
    &a(#6 R6 E6 A#.ins , #$e 5J:
    )ur.$as gas(e" in $rrr a# #$e
    sigl a# $is ,ee#6 A ,igure ,
    s(ee=$ $e'" ,#en $ear" /u# $a"
    ne+er /elie+e $a" #a.en n
    reali#% un"er $is e%es6 T$e
    gu##ers , La$re 2ere ru ning
    re" 2i#$ /l"6 T$e /eau#i,ul
    Paris , #$e Orien# 2as a +is ,
    "esla#in an" "es#ru=#in6
    @$le s#ree#s , Hin"u $mes
    2e a/laQe1 2$ile Mslem (li=e
    an" #r(s s#" /% 2a#=$ing6 A#
    nigl #$e sun"s , l#ers
    ransa=.ing #$se $mes seeme"
    # A#.ins li #$e =run=$ ,
    #ermi#es /ring in# lgs6 A# $is
    $ea"'uar#ers BraganQa's H#el1
    A#.ins $a" /een /esiege" /% a
    $r"e , (a#$el $al,D$%s#eri=al
    Hin"u /usinessmen rea"% #
    ,,er $im an%#$ii #2en#%D,i+e1
    #$ir#%1 ,i,#% #$usan" ru(ees1
    #$eir "aug$#ers1 #,= 2i+es'
    Be2eller%1 i, nl% $e 2ul" le#
    #$em ,lee #$e $ell La$re 3
    /e=me in $is Bee(6
    In near/% Amri#sar1 /ra"
    se=#ins , #$e =i#%1 i#s Msl
    se=#ins1 2ere n#$ing /u# $ea(s
    , /ri=. an" "e/ris1 #2is#ing =i
    , sm.e "ri,#ing a/+e #$em
    in# #$e s.%1 +ul#ures .ee(ing #l
    +igil n #$eir s$a##ere" 2alls1 #$e
    (ungen# arma , "e=m(i
    =r(ses (ermea#ing #$e ruins6
    E+er%2$ere #$e ,a=e , #$e Pui
    2as "is,igure" /% similar s=enes6
    In L%all(ur #$e Mslem 2r in a
    #eC#ile ,a=#r% #urne" n #$e
    Si.$s 2$ s$are" #$e miser #$eir
    lms an" slaug$#ere" e+er% ne
    , #$em6 T$ere1 #$e in #$a# $a"
    $rri,ie" &a(#6 A#.ins 2as
    magni,ie" # an alms# un/e
    a/le "imensinH #$is #ime i# 2as
    an en#ire irriga#in =anal #$a#
    in=arna"ine" /% $un"re"s ,
    Si.$ an" Hin"u =r(ses6
    In Simla1 !a% &am(/ellD
    J$nsn1 2i,e , Lr" Mun#/a#
    (ress a##a=$e1 ga(e" in $rrr a#
    #$e s(e=#a=le s$e /e$el" ,rn
    +eran"a , &e=il's H#el 2$ere
    #$e RaB's summering rulers $a"
    si((e" #$eir #ea6 Si.$s n
    /i=%=les1 2a+ing #$eir .ir(ans1
    2ere s2(ing "2n #$e Mall
    =$asing ,leeing Mslems li.e
    $un#ers a ,C6 T$e% 2ul" ri"e
    u( /e$in" a gas(ing +i=#im an"
    /e$ea" $im 2i#$ ne #erri/le
    s2is$ , #$eir s2r"s6 An#$er
    Englis$2man sa2 #$e $ea" ,
    ne , #$eir +i=#ims1 a ,eQ s#ill
    ,iCe" ,irml% # i#1 rlling alng
    #$e s#ree# 2$ile #$e Si.$ assassin
    ,uriusl% (ursue" $is neC# +i=#im
    2a+ing $is /l"% s2r"1
    s$rie.ingH 'I'll .ill mre! I'll .ill
    mre!'
    A man's eCe=u#iner =ul" /e a
    ,rien" r a s#ranger6 E+er% "a%
    ,r ,i,#een %ears1 NiranBan Sing$1
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    a Si.$ #ea mer=$an# in #$e
    Mn#gmer% /aQaar1 $a" ser+e"
    a (# , Assam #ea # #$e
    Mslem lea#$er2r.er 2$
    =ame rus$ing # $is s$( ne
    Augus# mrning6 He 2as se##ing
    #$e man's ra#in n $is li##le
    /rass /alan=e 2$en $e l.e" u(
    # see $is =us#mer1 $is ,a=e
    =n#r#e" in $a#e1 (in#ing a#
    $im an" s=reaming '*ill $im1 .ill
    $im!'
    A "Qen Mslem $"lums
    ra=e" u# , #$e alle%6 One
    se+ere" Sing$'s leg a# #$e .nee
    2i#$ a s2r"6 In an ins#an# #$e%
    $a" .ille" $is 74D%earDl" ,a#$er
    an" $is nl% sn6 T$e las# sig$#
    $e sa2 as $e ls# =ns=iusness
    2as $is 3:D%earDl" "aug$#er1
    s=reaming in ,rig$#1 /eing
    =arrie" ,, n #$e s$ul"ers ,
    #$e man # 2$m $e'" /een
    ser+ing #ea ,r ,i,#een %ears6
    T$ere 2ere "is#ri=#s in 2$i=$ n#
    a single +illage 2en# un$arme"1
    n# a /aQaar 2as le,# s#an"ing6
    E+er%2$ere #$e minri#%
    =mmuni#% 2as gri((e" /% ,ear
    an" #errr6 In U.arna1 a MslemD
    "mina#e" millD#2n n #$e
    La$reJ*ara=$i rail2a%1
    Ma"anlal Pa$2a1 a s#=.% 54D
    %earDl" In"ian Na+% +e#eran1
    =2ere" insi"e #$e $me , $is
    aun#6 T$rug$ #$e 2in"2s $e
    =ul" see #$e #2n's Bu/ilan#
    Mslems "an=ing1 singing1
    2a+ing ,lags1 =$an#ing #$eir
    ne2es# slgan 'HANS *E LIYA
    PA*ISTAN1 LAD*E*N)E
    HINDUSTAN@E g# Pa.is#an
    /% laug$ing1 2e'll ge# In"ia /%
    ,ig$#ing6' Ma"anlal $a#e"
    Mslems6 In $is .$a.i uni,rm
    2i#$ #$e /la=. s#ri(e , #$e RSSS
    $e $a" $el(e" #errriQe #$em6
    N2 i# 2as $is #urn # /e
    #errriQe"6 '@e are all
    ,rig$#ene"1' $e #$ug$#1 '2e are
    li.e s$ee( 2ai#ing ,r slaug$#er6'
    @$ere #$e% 2ere "minan#1 #$e
    Si.$s 2ere #$e /es# rganiQe"1
    ms# +i=ius .illers , all6
    A$me" Ra,rulla$2as a Mslem
    #enan# ,armer in a li##le +illage
    near !erQ(re1 assaul#e" ne
    nig$# /% a Si.$ Ba##$a6 '@e .ne2
    2e 2ere ging # /e .ille" li.e
    ra#s1' $e re=alle"6 '@e $i" /e$in"
    ur =$ar(is1 /e$in" ur (iles ,
    =2 "ung6 T$e Si.$s /r.e
    "2n #$e "r 2i#$ aCes6 I 2as
    $i# /% a /ulle# m m% le,# arm6 As
    I #rie" # s#an"1 I sa2 m% 2i,e
    ge# ,ur /ulle#s6 Bl" 2as
    =ming ,rm $er #$ig$ an" /a=.6
    M% ?D%earDl" sn 2as $i# in #$e
    a/"men6 He "i" n# =r%6 He ,ell
    "2n6 He 2as "ea"6
    EI #. $l" , m% 2i,e an" m%
    se=n" sn6 @e le,# #$e "ea"
    =niia
    an" =ra2le" u# # #$e s#ree#6 I
    sa2 Si.$s s$#ing "2n #
    Mslems =ming ,rm #$e #$er
    $u#s6 Sme 2ere =arr%ing a2
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    girls n #$eir s$ul"ers6 T$ere
    2ere s$rie.s an" 2ailings an"
    s$i ings6 T$e Si.$s Bum(e" n
    me an" "ragge" m% "ea" 2i,e
    ,rm r arms6 T$e% .ille" #$e
    se=n" /% an" le,# me # "ie in
    #$e "us# $a" n s#reng#$ # 2ee(
    r #ears # "r(6 M% e%es 2ere as
    "r% #$e ri+ers , #$e Sin" /e,re
    #$e mnsn6 I ,ell "2n
    un=ns=iu
    In S$ei.$(ura1 a #ra"ing #2n
    nr#$ , La$re1 #$e en#ire Hin
    an" Si.$ =mmuni#% 2as $er"e"
    in# an enrmus 'gD"2n'1
    $uge 2are$use use" /% #$e
    #2n /an. # s#re #$e sa=.s ,
    gn $el" as =lla#eral ,r i#s lans6
    On=e insi"e1 #$e $el(less Hin"
    2ere ma=$ineDgunne" /%
    Mslem (li=e an" arm%
    "eser#ers6 T$i 2ere n sur+i+rs6
    One =ns#an# re,rain s(rang ,rm
    #$e li(s , #$e Bri#is$ ,l,i
    2$'" s#a%e" n # ser+e in #$e
    In"ian r Pa.is#an armiesH T# +
    ,ar 2rse #$an an%#$ing 2e sa2
    in @rl" @ar II6'
    R/er# Trum/ull1 a +e#eran
    =rres(n"en# , #$e Ne2 Y=
    Times1 n#e"H T $a+e ne+er /een
    as s$a.en /% an%#$ing1 e+en #$e
    (ile"Du( /"ies n #$e /ea=$D
    $ea" , Tara2a6 In In"ia #e
    /l" ,l2s ,#ener #$an rain
    ,alls6 I $a+e seen "ea" /% #$e
    $un"ri an"1 2rs# , all1
    #$usan"s , In"ians 2i#$u#
    e%es1 ,ee# r $an Dea#$ /%
    s$#ing is mer=i,ul an"
    un=mmn6 Men1 2men a
    =$il"ren are =mmnl% /ea#en #
    "ea#$ 2i#$ =lu/s an" s#nes a le,#
    # "ie1 #$eir "ea#$ agn%
    in#ensi,ie" /% $ea# an" ,lies6'
    T$e 2arring =mmuni#ies
    seeme" # ri+al ea=$ #$er in
    sa+age One Bri#is$ ,,i=er , #$e
    PunBa/ Bun"ar% !r=e
    "is=+ere" ,V Mslem /a/ies
    'ras#e" li.e (igle#s n s(i#s in a
    +illage rai"e" Si.$s'6 An#$er
    ,un" a gru( , Hin"u 2men1
    #$eir /reB me#$"i=all% mu#ila#e"
    /% Mslem Qeal#s1 /eing
    $ea"e" slaug$#er6
    In Mslem areas1 Hin"us 2ere
    sme#imes ,,ere" #$e =$i=e
    =n+er#ing # Islam r ,leeing
    Pa.is#an6 Bag$ Das1 a Hin"u ,an
    in a $amle# 2es# , L%all(ur1 2as
    mar=$e" 2i#$ #$ree $un" ,ell2
    Hin"us # a ms'ue se# /% a
    small (n" in a neig$/ui
    +illage6 T$eir ,ee# 2ere 2as$e"
    in #$e (n"1 #$en #$e% 2ere $er
    in# #$e ms'ue an" r"ere" #
    si# =rssDlegge" n #$e ,lr6 '
    maul+i rea" a ,e2 +erses , #$e
    *ran6 'N21' $e #l" #$em1 'T
    $a+e #$e =$i=e , /e=ming
    Mslems an" li+ing $a((il% r
    /e .ille"6'
    '@e (re,erre" #$e ,rmer1'
    a=.n2le"ge" Das6 Ea=$
    =n+er# gi+en a ne2 Mslem
    name an" ma"e # re=i#e a +erse
    ,rm *ran6 T$en #$e% 2ere
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    $er"e" in# #$e ms'ue's
    =ur#%ar" 2l a =2 2as ras#ing6
    One /% ne #$e Hin"us 2ere
    ma"e # ea# a (


    , i#s ,les$6 Das1 a +ege#arian
    un#il #$a# ins#an#1 '$a" a +mi#ing
    sensa#in'1 /u# $e =n#rlle" i#
    /e=ause1 $e #$ug$#1 T 2ill /e
    .ille" i, I " n# /e% #$eir
    =mman"'6
    His neig$/ur1 a Bra$min1 as.e"
    (ermissin # #a.e $is 2i,e an"
    #$ree =$il"ren /a=. # $is $u# #
    ge# $is s(e=ial 2e""ing (la#es
    an" ,r.s in +ie2 , #$e
    im(r#an=e , #$e mmen#6
    !la##ere"1 $is Mslem =a(#rs
    agree"6 FT$e Bra$min $a" a
    .ni,e $i""en in $is $use1' Das
    remem/ere"6 '@$en $e g#
    $me1 $e #. i# ,rm i#s $i"ingD
    (la=e6 He =u# $is 2i,e's #$ra#1
    #$en #$e #$ra#s , $is #$ree
    =$il"ren6 T$en $e s#a//e" $is
    2n $ear#6 Nne , #$em
    re#urne" # ea# #$e mea#6'
    A m#i+e #$a# $a" n#$ing # "
    2i#$ religius ,er+ur 2as mre
    ,#en /e$in" #$e Mslem a##a=.s
    n Hin"us an" Si.$s in Pa.is#an6
    I# 2as gree"1 a sim(le1 ,#en
    =are,ull% r=$es#ra#e" e,,r# #
    gra/ #$e lan"s1 s$(s an" 2eal#$
    , #$eir neig$/urs6
    Sar"ar Prem Sing$11a Si.$1
    eCer=ise" #$e ==u(a#in #$e
    Mslems "e#es#e" mre #$an an%
    #$er in a +illage near Sial.#6
    He 2as a mne%Dlen"er6 T
    /elnge" # a +er% ri=$ ,amil%1'
    Prem Sing$ n#e"1 'I $a" a /ig
    $use1 "u/leDs#rie" 2i#$
    s#rng irn ga#es in ,rn#6
    E+er%ne in #$e +illage .ne2 I
    2as #$e ri=$es#6 Man% Mslems
    mr#gage" #$eir Be2els 2i#$ me6
    I .e(# #$em in a /ig irn sa,e6 A#
    sme #ime in $is li,e alms#
    e+er% Mslem in #$e +illage $a"
    (le"ge" $is rnamen#s 2i#$ me6'
    One mrning Bus# a,#er
    in"e(en"en=e1 Prem Sing$ sa2 a
    milling m/ , Mslems
    s#reaming #2ar"s $is $use1
    /ran"is$ing =lu/s1 =r2/ars1
    .ni+es6 He re=gniQe" alms#
    e+er% male in #$e =r2"6 T$e%
    $a" all a# ne #ime r an#$er
    /een $is =re"i#rs6 FT$e sa,e1 #$e
    sa,e1' #$e% s=reame"6
    T$e% eC(e=#e" # rea( a ri=$
    $ar+es#1'Prem Sing$ .ne26 His
    sa,e1 $2e+er1 =n#aine"
    sme#$ing mre #$an Mslem
    Be2els6 L=.e"1 insi"e 2as a
    "u/leD/arrelle" s$#gun an"
    #2en#%D,i+e =ar#ri"ges6 Sing$
    (ene" #$e sa,e1 gra//e" #$e gun
    an" rus$e" # #$e se=n" ,lr6
    !r an $ur $e ran ,rm 2in"2
    # 2in"2 "e,en"ing $is $me
    ,rm #$e m/ #r%ing # /ea# in
    $is ga#e6 As $e "i" s1 an
    a((alling s=ene 2as #a.ing (la=e
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    n #$e ,lr /el26 &er#ain #$e
    Mslem m/ 2as a/u# # /rea.
    in# #$e $use1 $is 2i,e
    summne" Prem Sing$'s siC
    "aug$#ers # $is ,,i=e6 S$e #.
    a $uge "rum , =.ing
    .ersene an" "ren=$e" $ersel, in
    i#s =n#en#s6 A,#er /esee=$ing #$e
    mer=% , #$e Si.$'s guru1 Nana.1
    an" urging $er "aug$#ers #
    ,ll2 $er eCam(le1 s$e se#
    $ersel, a/laQe6
    On #$e ,lr a/+e1 s#ill ,ig$#ing
    "es(era#el%1 $er $us/an" 2as
    m%s#i,ie" /% #$e si=.ening "ur
    "ri,#ing u( #$e s#air=ase6 !inall%1
    2$en $e $a" nl% ,i+e =ar#ri"ges
    le,#1 #$e m/ 2i#$"re2 an" #$e
    eC$aus#e" Si.$ s#aggere"
    "2ns#airs6 T$ere #$e $rri,ie"
    mne%len"er "is=+ere" #$e
    reasn ,r #$e a=ri" s#en=$ #$a#
    $a" $aun#e" $im6 S#re#=$e" in
    ,rn# , $is (en sa,e 2ere #$e
    =$arre" =r(ses , $is 2i,e an"
    #$ree , $is "aug$#ers 2$ $a"
    (re,erre" sel,Dimmla#in # #$e
    ris. , ra(e a# Mslem $an"s6
    N# all #$e Si.$s an" Hin"us
    "ri+en ,rm #$eir $mes 2ere
    2eal#$%6 *ul"i( Sing$ 2as a 3AD
    %earDl" /%1 #$e sn , a Si.$
    s$are=r((er1 ne , ,i,#% Hin"us
    an" Si.$s in a +illage , siC
    $un"re" Mslems nr#$ ,
    La$re6 He s$are" #$e miser% ,
    $is #2Drm $u# 2i#$ $is
    (aren#s1 #2 /u,,ales an" a
    =26 One "a% #$eir Mslem
    neig$/urs surrun"e" #$eir
    'uar#er s$u#ing1 'Lea+V
    Pa.is#an r 2e 2ill .ill %u6'
    T$e% ,le" # #$e $me , #$e
    ms# im(r#an# Si.$ in #$e
    +illage ET$e Mslems =ame 2i#$
    s2r"s1 .ni+es1 lng irn (i.es
    2ill .ersene =l#$s #ie" n #$em
    # /urn us6 @e #$re2 /ri=.s an"
    s#ne a# #$em1 /u# #$e% 2ere a/le
    # se# ,ire # ur $use6 T$e%
    =aug$ $l" , ne Si.$ an" se#
    ,ire # $is /ear"6 E+en #$ug$
    $is /ean 2as /urning1 $e s#ill
    .ille" ne Mslem /% #$r2ing
    a /ig /ri=. a $is $ea"6 T$en $e
    ,ell "2n "ea" mu##ering #$e
    name , #$e Si. guru6
    'T$e% "ragge" #$e men u#si"e
    an" .ille" #$em in #$e s#ree#s1
    ran # #$e r,6 T$e 2men 2ere
    #$ere 2a#=$ing6 T$e% .ne2 #$V
    2ul" /e =a(#ure" an" ra(e"6
    Sme , #$em $a" /a/ies in #$eir
    arm T$e% ma"e a /ig ,ire n #$e
    r,6 T$e% ,e" #$eir /a/ies #$eir
    /,ea mil.1 =r%ing , #$e ,a#e
    +er#a.ing #$em6 T$en #$e%
    #$re2 #$e /a/i in #$e ,ire an"
    Bum(e" in a,#er #$em6'
    T =ul" n# /ear #$e sig$#1' #$e
    Si.$ %u#$ remem/ere"6 He lea
    ,, #$e r, an" in #$e =n,usin
    an" gr2ing "ar.ness es=a(e" a
    #ree in 2$se /ran=$es $e $i" ,r
    #$e neC# siC $urs6
    'A /a" smell 2as =ming ,rm
    #$e $use /e=ause , #$e /urni
    /"ies1' $e re=alle"6 'M% m#$er
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    an" ,a#$er "i" n# =me u#1
    .ne2 #$e% $a" /een .ille" r $a"
    Bum(e" in# #$e ,ire6 I sa2 # girls
    /eing =arrie" a2a%6 T$e% "i" n#
    =r%6 T$e% 2ere un=ns=i
    '@$en #$ere 2as (ea=e la#e a#
    nig$#1 I =ame "2n ,rm #$e #r I
    2en# in# #$e $use6 T$e% 2ere
    all "ea"6 E+er%/"% in #$e +il.
    eC=e(# #$e #2 girls an" m%sel,
    $a" /een .ille"6' T$e 3AD%earDi
    Si.$ s(en# #$e nig$# in #$a#
    =$arnel $use1 # s#unne" e+en
    # 2e A# "a2n1 $e #rie" #
    re=gniQe #$e =$arre" ,rms ,
    $is (are amng #$e /la=.ene"
    /" es , #$e ,rien"s an"
    neig$/urs $ .n2n all $is li,e6
    He =V ul"n'#6 He ,un" a /l"D
    =a#e" .i l%ing n #$e ,lr an"
    =$((e" $is un=u# $air ,rm $is
    $ea" s =ul" (se as a Mslem6
    T$en $e ,le"6
    Hrrr $a" n ra=e1 an" #$e
    #erri/le anguis$ , #$se AuB
    "a%s in #$e PunBa/ 2as me#e"
    u# 2i#$ alms# /i/li=al /alan=e1
    an e%e ,r an e%e1 massa=re ,r
    massa=re1 ra(e ,r ra(e1 /lin"
    =ruel#% ,r /lin" =ruel#%6 T$e
    nl% "i,,eren=e /e#2een *ul"i(
    Sing$ an" M$amme" Ya'u/
    2as #$eir religin6 M$amme"
    # 2as a 3AD%earDl" /%6 He
    li+e" in In"ia near Amri#sar6 T$e
    Mslem %u#$ 2as (la%ing
    mar/les in ,rn# , #$e $u# in
    2$i=$ $e li+e" 2i#$ $is (aren#s
    an" siC /r#$ers an" sis#ers 2$en
    #$e Si.$s a##a=.e"6 He manage"
    # $i"e in #$e sugar =ane a# #$e
    e"ge , $is +illage6
    FT$e Si.$s =u# #$e /reas#s ,
    sme 2men6 T$e #$ers /egan
    # run arun" 2i#$ ,ear1' $e
    remem/ere"6 'Sme , ur
    +illagers .ille" #$eir 2n 2i+es
    an" "aug$#ers # (re+en# #$e
    Si.$s ,rm ge##ing #$em6 T$e
    Si.$s s(eare" #2 , m% small
    /r#$ers #$rug$ #$eir /"ies6
    M% ,a#$er =ul" n# /ear #$e
    sig$#6 He ran am.6 He 2as
    running $ere an" #$ere li.e a
    ma"man1 s2inging a s2r"6 T$e
    Si.$s =ul" n# =a#=$ $im in #$e
    (en ,iel"s6 T$e% se# #$e +illage
    "gs # run a,#er $im6 T$e "gs
    /egan # /i#e $is legs an" s m%
    ,a#$er $a" # sl2 "2n $is
    running6 T$en #$e Si.$s =aug$#
    $im6 Sme $el" $im #ig$#6 T$e%
    (ulle" $im "2n1 =u# $im in#
    (ie=es 2i#$ #$enDs2r"s1 m%
    ,a#$er6 His $ea"1 $an"s an" legs
    2ere se(ara#e" ,rm $is /"%6
    T$en #$e% all2e" #$e "gs #
    ea# #$e /"%6'
    !i,#% , #$e ,i+e $un"re"
    Mslems in M$amme"'s
    +illage sur+i+e" #$e massa=re1
    sa+e" /% #$e in#er+en#in , a
    (a#rl , #$e PunBa/ Bun"ar%
    !r=e6 M$amme"1 sle
    sur+i+r , $is ,amil%1 2as '#a.en
    in# a #ru=. manne" /% )ur.$a
    arm% men # #ra+el # an
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    un.n2n lan" 2$i=$ #$e lea"ers
    sai" /elnge" # Mslems'6
    T$e memr% , #$a# #erri/le
    u($ea+al 2ul" lea+e an
    in"eli/le s=ar u(n millins ,
    (e(le6 Rare 2ere #$e PunBa/i
    ,amilies 2$i=$ "i" n# lse a
    rela#i+e in #$e senseless
    slaug$#er6 !r %ears # =me1 #$e
    PunBa/ 2ul" /e an assem/lage
    , memries1 ea=$ re=lle=#in
    mre (ignan#1 mre $arr2ing
    #$an #$e neC#T #$e same #erri/le
    a==un#s , a (e(le su""enl%
    u(r#e" ,rm #$e lan"s #
    2$i=$ #$e%'" /een a##a=$e" ,r
    %ears an" #$r2n in# (ani=D
    s#ri=.en ,lig$#6 A s(e=ial (assin
    a##a=$e" San# Sing$1 a Si.$1 #
    #$e lan" ,rm 2$i=$ $e 2as
    "ri+en6 He $a"1 in a sense1
    /ug$# #$a# lan" 2i#$ $is /l"1
    #$e /l" $e'" s$e" ,r Bri#ain
    n #$e /ea=$ , )alli(li in
    @rl" @ar I6 I# $a" #a.en $im
    siC#een %ears # =lear an" (lan#
    #$e (l# $e'" /een a2ar"e"1 li.e
    #$usan"s , #$er Si.$ arm%
    +e#erans1 in an area re=laime" /%
    a Bri#is$ =anal irriga#i in s=$eme
    /e#2een #$e Ra+i an" Su#leB
    ri+ers su#$D2es# , La$re6 He
    $a" /rug$# $is /ri"e # #$e #en#
    in 2$i=$ $e'" li+e" ,r +er a
    "e=a"e1 raise" $is =$il"ren n
    #$a# lan"1 /uil# #$ere #$e ,i+eD
    rm mu" /ri=. $use #$a# 2as
    /#$ $is (ri"e an" #$e measure
    , $is li,e's a=$ie+emen#s6 T2
    "a%s /e,re in"e(en"en=e1 ne
    , San# Sing$'s Mslem
    ,iel"2r.ers /rug$# $im a
    (am($le# /eing se=re#l% (asse"
    amng #$e Mslems , #$e area6
    'T$e Si.$s an" Hin"us " n#
    /elng # #$is lan" an% mre6
    T$e% s$ul" /e "ri+en u#1' i#
    sai"6 T$e a##a=. =ame #$ree "a%s
    la#er6 Sanl Sing$ an" #$e 544
    ,ell2 Si.$s , $is +illage
    "e=i"e" # ,lee ,r #$eii li+es6 He
    2as assigne"1 2i#$ ,i+e #$er
    men un"er an :4D%earDl" eC
    arm% sergean#1 # g n a #ru=.
    as an es=r# ,r #$e +illage
    2men Be,re lea+ing1 $e 2en#
    # #$e guru "2ara1 #$e #em(le
    $e'" $el(e" #i /uil"6 T =ame $ere
    2i#$ n#$ing1' $e (ra%e"6 'I lea+e
    2i#$ n#$inB I as. nl% ,r %ur
    (r#e=#in1' $e /egge" #$e guru
    Nana.6
    Jus# u#si"e a +illage =alle"
    Bir2alla #$e guru's (r#e=#in
    en"eV San# Sing$'s #ru=. ran u#
    , (e#rl6 He remem/ersH 'I# 2as
    "arl @e $a" /een "ri+ing /esi"e
    #$e rail2a% #ra=. ins#ea" , n
    #$e rai # a+i" /eing seen /%
    Mslems6 @e $a"D/een #l" #$e%
    $a" ma"e $uge ra" /l=. in
    Bir2alla an" 2ere .illing all #$e
    Hin"us ai Si.$s #$e% =ul" ,in"6
    @e =ul" $ear #$em s$u#ing
    an" s$rie.ii in #$e "ar.ness
    /e=ause #$e #2n 2as nl% a ,e2
    $un"re" %ar a2a%6
    'An el"erl% Mslem sa2 us an"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    ran ,, in# #$e nig$#6 @e .ne2
    $a" gne # 2arn #$em6 T$en 2e
    $ear" #$e +i=es =ming ,r i @e
    2ere #erri,ie"6 Our lea"er #.
    #$e "e=isin #$a# 2e 2ul" s$e
    all ur 2men6 @e "i" n# 2an#
    # (ermi# #$em # /e ra(e" a
    "e,ile"6 @e arrange" #$em in
    #$ree lines si"e /% si"e si##ing n
    3 grun"6 @e /an"age" #$eir
    e%es6 One 5Dmn#$Dl" /a/% 2as
    ,ee"i a# #$e /reas# , i#s m#$er6
    @e #l" #$em # re=i#e #$e Si.$
    (raT F)" is #ru#$F +er an" +er
    again6
    'M% 2i,e 2as in #$e mi""le6 M%
    #2 "aug$#ers 2ere #$ere1
    "aug$#erDinDla2 an" m% #2
    gran""aug$#ers6 I #rie" n# #
    ll $a" a "u/leD/arrelle"
    s$#gun6 T$e #$ers $a" a D?4?
    ri,le1 #2 +l+ers an" ne S#en
    gun6 I 'u#e" #$e s=ri(#ures #
    #$em ,rm ,i,#$ /. , #$e
    guru's Hl% B. 2$i=$ sa%s1
    FE+er%#$ing is 2ill , )"1 an"
    i, %ur #ime $as =me %u $a+e
    # "ieF6 I #. a 2$i#e
    $an".er=$ie, an" #l" #$e #$ers
    I 2ul" 2a+e i# #$ree #i =un#ing
    # #$ree6 T$en 2e 2ul" s$#6
    T 2a+e" i# n=e an" sai" FE. D
    ne!F I 2a+e" a se=n" #ime sai"
    F" D #2!F All #$e #ime I 2as
    (ra%ing F)"1 "n'# a/an meF6 I
    raise" i# a #$ir" #ime6 As I "i" I
    sa2 $ea"lig$#s in #$e "is#a I #.
    #$is as a sign in ans2er # m%
    (ra%ers6 I sai" 2e mus# as. # ,r
    $el(6
    ' F@$a# i, #$e (e(le in #$e =ar
    are Mslem?F sai" #$e sergean#6 '
    F@e mus# as. an%2a%1F I sai"6
    'I# 2as a #ru=. , #$e arm%6 T$e%
    2ere Mslem sl"iers1 /u ,,i=er
    2as a g" man1 a maBr6 He
    sai" $e 2ul" sa+e us6 @e .isse"
    $is ,ee#6 T$en 2e se# ,T again6'
    &al=u##a1 38 Augus# 37A8
    T$e% 2ere alms# 3441444
    s#rng6 Sin=e ,i+e '=l=. #$e%
    $a" /een 2ai#ing ,r $im1
    inun"a#ing #$e s'uare ,
    Nar.el"nga1 lining #$e r,#(s
    arun" i#1 $anging ,rm
    2in"2s1 =lus#ere" n /al=nies6
    Human $ea"s1 li.e a "ense arra%
    , ri(e ,rui#s1 seeme" #
    =ns#i#u#e #$e ,liage , i#s ,e2
    #rees6 Eig$#een $un"re" miles
    ,rm #$e (lains , #$e PunBa/1
    2$ere Hin"u an" Mslem .ille"
    ea=$ #$er 2i#$ su=$ sa"is#i=
    ,ur%1 #$a# m"is=rimina#el% miCe"
    mass , Hin"us an" Mslems
    a2ai#e" #$e a((earan=e , #$e
    li##le man 2$ $a" =$e=.e" #$e
    +ilen=e , #$e ms# +ilen# =i#%
    in Asia6
    @$en a# las# )an"$i's ,rail
    sil$ue##e a((eare" a/+e #$e
    =r2" , $ea"s ringing $is li##ie
    (ra%er (la#,rm1 a sr# , m%s#i=
    =urren# seeme" # gal+aniQe #$e
    mul#i#u"e6 &n#em(la#ing #$a#
    $ea+ing =r2"1 +i/ran# 2i#$ B%
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    an" en#$usiasm1 a su""en "u/#
    gna2e" #$e Ma$a#ma6 I# seeme"
    # g" # /e #rue6
    'E+er%/"% is s$2ering
    =ngra#ula#ins n me ,r #$e
    niira=le &al=u##a is 2i#nessing1'
    $e sai"6 'Le# us all #$an. )" ,r
    His a/un"an# mer=%1 /u# le# us
    n# ,rge# #$a# #$ere are isla#e"
    s(#s in &al=u##a 2$ere all is n#
    2ell6'
    A/+e all1 $e as.e" $is
    ,ll2ers1 Hin"us an" Mslems
    ali.e1 # Bin $im in #$e (ra%er
    #$a# #$e 'Mira=le , &al=u##a'
    2ul" n# '(r+e # /e a
    mmen#ar% e/ulli#in'6
    @$a# ne unarme" nnD+ilen#
    man 2as a==m(lis$ing in #$e
    2rl"'s meanes# =i#%1 001444
    $ea+il% arme" (r,essinal
    sl"iers 2ere una/le #
    a==m(lis$ in #$e PunBa/6 T$e
    PunBa/ Bun"ar% !r=e1 (u#
    #ge#$er 2i#$ su=$ =are /% #$e
    -i=er% an" #$e &mman"erDinD
    &$ie, , #$e In"ian Arm%1 2as
    +er2$elme" /% e+en#s in #$e
    (r+in=e i# $a" /een "esigne" #
    sa,eguar"6 T$a# i# 2as1 2as
    un"ers#an"a/le6 T2el+e , #$e
    PunBa/'s "is#ri=#s 2ere a,lameT
    sme , #$se "is#ri=#s =+ere"
    areas larger #$an all Pales#ine
    2$ere 3441444 Bri#is$ sl"iers
    2ere una/le # .ee( r"er #$a#
    au#umn6 T$e #an.s an" #ru=.s
    2ere (rl% a"a(#e" # #$e "ir#
    #ra=.s an" (a#$s #$a# =rissD
    =rsse" #$e PunBa/6 T$e i"eal
    2ul" $a+e /een =a+alr%1 ,
    =urse1 /u# #$ere 2ere n =a+alr%
    uni#s le,# in #$e arm% 2$i=$ $a"
    n=e glrie" in #$e $rse6
    T$e !r=e's #as. 2as in,ini#el%
    =m(li=a#e" /% #$e
    a"minis#ra#i+e =lla(se in #$e
    (r+in=e6 &a/les1 mail an"
    #ele($nes su""enl% s#((e"
    2r.ing6 !r la=. , /e##er
    a==mm"a#in1 #$e In"ians
    2ere ,r=e" # g+ern #$eir $al,
    , #$e PunBa/ ,rm a $use 2i#$
    ne #ele($ne line an" a ra"i
    ins#alle" in a #ile#6
    T$e si#ua#in in Pa.is#an 2as ,ar
    2rse6 T$e ne2 na#in 2as
    +erging n =$as6 Jinna$'s
    missing =r'ue# se# $a" /een
    l=a#e"1 $u# li##le else6 Hun"re"s
    , rail2a% =arriages =ramme"
    2i#$ ma#erial "es#ine" ,r #$e
    ne2 s#a#e "isa((eare"1 2ere
    s#len1 r #urne" u( a# #$e 2rng
    "es#ina#in6 In *ara=$i1 #$e
    "es.s an" =$airs $a"n'# arri+e"6
    )+ernmen# em(l%ees $a" #
    s'ua# n #$e si"e2al.s in ,rn#
    , #$eir ,,i=es1 (e=.ing u# n
    #$eir #%(e2ri#ers #$e ,irs# ,,i=ial
    #eC#s , #$e larges# Mslem
    na#in in #$e 2rl"6 Insi"e1 #$eir
    senirs g+erne" #$eir ne2
    na#in si##ing n =ra#es an"
    /Ces6
    T$e e=nm% 2as in a #urmil6
    Pa.is#an $a" 2are$uses
    /ulging 2i#$ $i"e1 Bu#e an"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    =##n an" n #anneries1 ,a=#ries
    r mills # (r=ess i#6 S$e
    (r"u=e" a 'uar#er , #$e su/D
    =n#inen#'s #/a== /u# "i" n#
    $a+e a ma#=$ ,a=#r% in 2$i=$ #
    (r"u=e ma#=$es # lig$# $er
    sm.ers' =igare##es6 T$e /an.ing
    s%s#em 2as (aral%se" /e=ause
    #$e /an.s' Hin"u managers an"
    =ler.s $a" ,le" # In"ia6
    I# 2as +er $er s$are , #$e
    g"s , #$e l" In"ian Arm%1
    $2e+er1 #$a# Pa.is#an
    en=un#ere" In"ian /a" ,ai#$ in a
    2a% #$a# seeme" #an#amun# # a
    "eli/era#e e,,r# # Be(ar"iQe
    $er sur+i+al6 O, #$e 3841444 #ns
    , arm% s#res Pa.is#an 2as
    all##e" un"er #$e Par#i#in
    Agreemen#1 s$e 2ul"
    ul#ima#el% ge# 94446 T$ree
    $un"re" s(e=ial #rains $a" /een
    assigne" # =arr% $er arms an"
    r"nan=e T$ree arri+e"6 O(ening
    #$em1 a #eam , Pa.is#ani
    ,,i=ers "is=+ere= #$e%
    =n#aine" 0444 (airs , s$es1
    0444 unser+i=ea/le ri,les1 a =n
    signmen# , nurses' sm=.s1 an"
    a num/er , 2"en =ra#es
    s#u,,eV 2i#$ /ri=.s an"
    (r($%la=#i=s6
    T$is #ri=.er% le,# /i##er memries
    in Pa.is#an an" a "ee(Dsea#ei
    =n+i=#in amng man% #$a#
    #$eir In"ian neig$/urs 2ere
    #r%ing # s#rangle #$em in #$e
    =ra"le6 T$e% 2ere n# alne in
    #$a# =n+i=#ir !iel"DMars$al Sir
    &lau"e Au=$inle=.1 2$'" /een
    as.e" # s#a% # su(er+ise #$e
    "i+isin , #$e armies' g"s1
    in,rme" #$e Bri#is )+ernmen#1
    T $a+e n $esi#a#in 2$a#se+er
    in a,,irming #$a# #$ (resen#
    In"ian &a/ine# is im(la=a/l%
    "e#ermine" # " all in i (2er
    # (re+en# #$e es#a/lis$men# ,
    #$e Dminin , Pa.is#an
    I# 2as n# In"ia's ma=$ina#ins1
    $2e+er1 #$a# 2ere #$e real #$re
    # Pa.is#an6 T$e ne2 na#in1 li.e
    i#s In"ian neig$/ur1 2as a/u#
    /e engul,e" /% #$e ms# massi+e
    migra#in in $uman $is#r%6 T
    +ilen=e ra=.ing #$e PunBa/ 2as
    (r"u=ing i#s ine+i#a/le resul#1 #
    resul# sug$# /% #$e "es(era#e
    men /e$in" i# n /#$ si"e#T , #
    /r"er6 !rm ne en" , #$e
    PunBa/ # #$e #$er1 #a.ing 2$a#
    (ssessins #$e% =ul" =arr%1 /%
    =ar1 /i=%=le1 #rain1 mule1 /ull
    =ar#1 an" n ,#1 a #erri,ie"
    (e(le 2ere ,leeing #$eir $mes1
    rus$ing in $ea"lng ,lig$#
    #2ar"s an% (rmise , sa,e#%6
    T$e% 2ul" (r"u=e an
    eC=$ange , ((ula#in1 an
    u#(uring , $umani#%1 n a
    s=ale an" , an in#ensi#% ne+er
    /e,re re=r"e"6 B% #$e #ime #$e
    m+emen# rea=$e" ,l"#i"e in
    la#e Se(#em/er1 ,i+e millin
    $uman /eings 2ul" =lg #$e
    ra"s an" ,iel"s , #$e PunBa/6
    Ten an" a $al, millin (e(le1
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    enug$ # ,rm1 i, #$e% Bine"
    $an"s1 a =lumn s#re#=$ing ,rm
    &al=u##a # Ne2 Yr.1 2ul" /e
    u(r#e"1 ms# , #$em in #$e
    /rie, s(an , #$ree mn#$s6 T$eir
    un(re=e"en#e" eC"us 2ul"
    =rea#e #en #imes #$e num/er ,
    re,ugees #$e =rea#in , Israel
    2ul" (r"u=e in #$e Mi""le
    Eas#1 #$ree r ,ur #imes #$e
    num/er , "is(la=e" (ersns
    2$'" ,le" eas#ern Eur(e a,#er
    #$e 2ar6 I# /egan1 ,r #$e
    2re#=$es 2$ =m(se" i#1 in a
    millin "i,,eren# 2a%s 2i#$ a
    millin "i,,eren# (ar#ing
    ges#ures6
    !r #$e Mslems , #$e In"ian
    #2n , *arnal1 nr#$ , Del$i1
    #$e 2r" 2as annun=e" /% a
    "rummer mar=$ing #$rug$ #$eir
    neig$/ur$"s1 #$um(ing $is
    "rum1 (r=laiming in Ur"u1 '!r
    #$e (r#e=#in , #$e Mslem
    ((ula#in1 #rains $a+e arri+e" #
    =arr% #$em # Pa.is#an6' T2en#%
    #$usan" (e(le le,# #$eir $mes
    2i#$in an $ur1 mar=$ing ,, #
    #$e rail2a% s#a#in # #$e /ea# ,
    #$e "rum6 A #2n =rier in,rme"
    #$e 5444 Mslems , #$e In"ian
    #2n , *asauli #$a# #$e% $a"
    #2en#%D,ur $urs # lea+e6
    Assem/le" a# "a2n #$e
    ,ll2ing mrning n a (ara"e
    grun"1 all #$eir /elngings
    eC=e(# ne /lan.e# a(ie=e an"
    #$e =l#$es #$e% 2re 2ere #a.en
    ,rm #$em6 T$en1 a (a#$e#i=
    gaggle , (e(le1 #$e% s#ar#e" #
    2al. #2ar"s #$eir Prmise"
    Lan"6
    Ma"anlal Pa$2a1 #$e man 2$'"
    =2ere" in $is aun#'s $use
    #$in.ing '@e're li.e s$ee(
    2ai#ing ,r a slaug$#er'1 le,# in a
    /us /elnging # $is =usin6
    E+er%#$ing #$e ,amil% =ul"
    m+e 2en# in# #$e /usH
    ,urni#ure1 =l#$es1 mne%1 gl"1
    (i=#ures , S$i+a6 E+er%#$ing
    eC=e(# i#s ms# im(r#an#
    mem/er1 Ma"anlal's ,a#$er6 He
    re,use" # lea+e /e=ause $is
    as#rlger $a" #l" $im 54
    Augus# 37A8 2as n# an
    aus(i=ius "a% # /egin a
    Burne%6 Des(i#e #$e ,a=# a
    Mslem ,rien" $a" 2arne" $im
    an a##a=. n #$e Hin"us 2as
    (lanne" ,r #$a# "a%1 "es(i#e #$e
    mur"ers an" /urning #$a# $a"
    alrea"% ==urre"1 $e re,use" #
    /u"ge ,rm $is $me un#il #$e
    mmen# $is as#rlger $a"
    assure" $im 2as (r(i#iusH 5?
    Augus# a# 76?4 in #$e mrning6
    N ne 2as immune6 T$e
    Mslem (a#ien#s a# #$e La"%
    Linli#$g2 TB Sana#rium in
    *asauli 2ere r"ere" u# , #$e
    =lini= /% #$eir Hin"u "=#rs6
    Sme , #$em $a" nl% ne
    lungT #$ers 2ere re=+ering
    ,rm (era#ins1 /u# #$e% 2ere
    #a.en # #$e sana#rium's ga#e s
    an" #l" # s#ar# 2al.ing #
    Pa.is#an6 In Pa.is#an #$e
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    #2en#%,i+e sa"$us , #$e Ba/a
    Lai as$ram 2ere "ri+en u# ,
    #$e /uil"inH 2$ere #$e% $a"
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    me"i#a#in1 %ga ai Hin"u s#u"%6
    @ra((e" in #$eir range r/es1
    #$eir sain#1 S2ai Sun"ar1 n #$e
    as$ram's mira=ulus 2$i#e $rse
    a# #$eir $ea"1 #$i mar=$e" ,,
    =$an#ing man#ras1 2$ile /e$in"
    #$em a m/ se# #$e as$ram
    a/laQe6
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    "e(ar#ure 2as # sa+e 2$a# ,e2
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    mer=$an# in Mn#gmer%1
    2ra((i A41444 ru(ees in a
    mne%D/el# arun" $is 2ais# ',r
    /ri/ing # Mslems alng #$eir
    2a% n# # .ill us'6 Man%1
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    #en"e" # $a+e #$eir li,eDsa+ings
    in Be2els an" gl" /angli One
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    gl" an" Be2eller% in (a=.ages
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    a li, e,,r#s1 ?41444 ru(ees an"
    ,r#% #las , gl"1 in# a li##le
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    lse i#1 $e #ie" i# # $is 2ris#6 I#
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    arm6
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    un#rans(r#al I# 2as $er =26
    T$e "e+u# Hin"u $a" a s(e=ial
    +enera#in ,r i ageing /eas#6
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    # ea# i#'1 s$e sei ,ree6 O+er=me
    /% #$e /eas#'s murn,ul s#are1 s$e
    a==m(lis$e" a 3 a=#in n i#s
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    (2"er an" (resse" a H #ila. "#
    n i#s ,re$ea" # /ring i# lu=.6
    Alia H%"er1 a 2eal#$% Mslem
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    li,e#ime1 /u# li.e #uris#s se##ing
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    mra #$e% s(en# in #$e ,amil%
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    (re=i (ssessins n #$e /alan=e
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    ,l an" ri=e6 Her sis#er ,inall%
    sele=#e" $er re" an" gel"
    em/ri"e 2e""ing sari6 Her
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    =uriusl%1 2i#$ #$e s#ar , Da+i"6
    A$a #e *ran1 i#s =+er in
    rse2" inlai" 2i#$ m#$er ,
    (earl6
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    T$e =n=ern , Bal"e+ RaB1 a
    2eal#$% Hin"u ,armer near M
    2ali1 2as n# # sa+e $is 2eal#$
    /e,re lea+ing1 /u# # "es#r
    &er#ain #$e% 2ul" /e a##a=.e"
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    an" $is ,i+e /r#$ers #. #$e
    =n#en#s , #$e ,amil% sa,e # #$e
    H , $is $me6 He 2as n# ging
    # 'le# m% mne% ,all in# #$e $i
    , sme laQ% Mslem'6 T$e%
    $ea(e" #$eir =urren=% in# a (ile6
    T


    2ee(ing $%s#eri=all%1 #$e% li# #$e
    ms# eC#rar"inar% /n,ire #$eir
    e%es 2ul" e+er /e$l"H #$eir
    li,e#ime sa+ings li#erall% ging
    u( in ,lames6
    Sme le,# "e#ermine" # re#urn6
    A$me" A//as1 a Mslem
    Burnalis# ,rm Pani(a# nr#$ ,
    Del$i1 $a" al2a%s ((se"
    Pa.is#an1 an" i# 2as n# #
    Jinna$'s Prmise" Lan" $e =$se
    # ,lee1 /u# # Del$i6 )ing u#
    , #$e $use1 A//as's m#$er
    $ung a sign n #$e "r6 T$is
    $use /elngs # #$e A//as
    ,anil% 2$i=$ $as "e=i"e" n# #
    g # Pa.is#an'1 i# rea"6 T$is
    ,amil% is nl% #em(raril% ging
    # Del$i an" 2ill re#urn6'
    !r -i=.ie Nn1 #$e /eau#i,ul
    Englis$ 2i,e , ne , Pa.is#an's
    ms# im(r#an# men1 Sir !erQ
    *$an Nn1 a $arr2ing ,lig$#
    /egan 2i#$ #$e arri+al , an
    un.n2n messenger n $er
    "rs#e( in *ulu1 $er +a=a#in
    $me6 I# 2as in a Hin"u area
    near Simla 2$i=$ $a" gne #
    In"ia6
    T$e%'re =ming # %ur $use
    #nig$#1' $e sai"6 S$e $a" #2
    s$#guns an" a re+l+er 2$i=$
    /elnge" # $er $us/an" 2$
    2as alrea"% in La$re6 S$e
    arme" #2 #rus#e" Mslem
    ser+an#s 2i#$ #$e s$#guns6
    Al#$ug$ s$e'" ne+er ,ire" a gun
    in $er li,e1 s$e .e(# #$e re+l+er
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    =ul" see /urs#s , ,lames ,lare
    u( in #$e +alle% lea"ing #2ar"s
    $er $me1 #$e $uses , $er
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    a/laQe /% Hin"u m/s6 Sl2l%1
    #$a# =$ain , ,ires =re(# #2ar"s
    $er6 T$e 55D%earDl" girl .e(#
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    Englis$ girl6
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    In ,ear an" /i##erness1 $a#re" an"
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    #$usan"s1 ,inall% inun"a#ing in
    #$eir 2re#=$e" millins #$e ra"s
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    2ere ging # (se a #erri/le
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    s=ale6 T$e% /e=ame1 ine+i#a/l%1
    #$e =arriers , #$e #erri/le
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    +ilen=e # #$r2 s#ill mre
    $el(less (e(le n # #$e ra"s6
    T$eir #erri/le migra#in 2ul"
    al#er ,re+er #$e ,a=e an"
    =$ara=#er , ne , #$e ri=$es#
    s2a#$es , lan" n #$e gl/e6
    Barel% a Mslem 2ul" remain
    a# man% , #$e si#es 2$ere #$e
    Mg$uls $a" (r"u=e" ne ,
    Islam's grea# ,l2erings6 Barel%
    a #$usan" Si.$s an" Hm"us
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    9441444 2$ $a" "2el# in
    La$re1 la#e Augus#1 as #$e
    +ilen=e rea=$e" a =res=en"1
    ann%mus $ar (er,rme"
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    murning a# #$e /ase , #$e =i#%'s
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    &al=u##a1 Augus# 37A8
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    'Mira=le &al=u##a' s#ill $el"6 !i+e
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    Hin"us T Mslems in ne
    ,ra#ernal =$r#1 =+ere" #$e
    immense s2ee( &al=u##a's
    Mai"an 2$se green eC(anse
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    =ri=.e#ers6 )an"$i $irm in #$e
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    =ul" n# $a+e imagine s(e=#a=le
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    ,es#i+al , I"DulD!i#r1 =r2"s $a"
    =me # $is e+ening (ra%er
    mee#ing in un(re=e"ei num/ers6
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    Hin"us an" Mslems $a" ,l
    (as# #$e 2in"2s , #$e
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    el"erl% IeH $a" #a.en u(
    resi"en=e1 see.ing $is /lessing1
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    silen=e1 )an"$i s(en# n , #$e
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    a 2is$es6 As $e "i" s1
    #$usan"s , Hin"us an"
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    #$e s#ree#s6 T$e% =$an#e" slgans
    , uni#% ,rien"s$i(1 s2a((e"
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    =igare##es1 s(ra%e" ea=$ #$er
    2i#$ rse2 eC=$ange" =a.es an"
    =an"%6
    @$en )an"$i ,inall% rea=$e" #$e
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    mee#ing in #$e mi""le , #$e
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    ,a/ulus s(e=#a=le , s mu=$
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    3V /r.e $is (le"ge , silen=e #
    =r% u# in Ur"u1 #$e ((ular lanB
    , In"ia's Mslems1 'I" Mu/ara.
    D Ha((% I"'6
    !r $un"re"s , #$usan"s ,
    PunBa/is1 #$e ,irs# ins#in=#i+e rei
    #$e =a#a=l%sm s$a.ing #$eir
    (r+in=e 2as # rus$ #2ar"s #$e
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    an" r"er D #$e rail2a% s# T$e
    names , #$e #rains 2$i=$1 ,r
    genera#ins1 $a" rum/leV #$eir
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    2ell , ne , Bri#ain's ms#
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    #$e Unin Pa=i,i=1 /un" u( a
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    an" (rgress6
    N21 in #$e la#e summer ,
    37A81 #$se #rains 2ul" /e=me
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    In"ians #$e /es# $(e , ,leeing
    #$e nig$#mares surrun"ing
    #$em6 !r #ens , #$usan"s ,
    #$ers #$e% 2ul" /e=me
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    ," an" 2a#er1 un"er #$e
    remrseless sun , a summer #$e
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    $an"D$l" a# ea=$ "r1 n #$e
    s#e(s1 n #$e =u(lings1 un#il a
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    "ense =lus#er , $umans
    en,l"e" ea=$ =ar li.e a $r"e ,
    ,lies s2arming +er a sugar
    =u/e6 @$en #$ere 2ere n
    $an"$l"s le,#1 $un"re"s mre
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    r,s1 =linging in (re=arius
    un=er#ain#% # #$e $# me#al un#il
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    s2ea#ing /"ies1 #$eir 2$is#les
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    Prmise" Lan"6
    !r Ni$al B$rann/i1 a Hin"u
    s=$l#ea=$er1 $is 2i,e an" siC
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    ne+er e+en /egan6 A,#er 2ai#ing
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    lea+e #$e s#a#in , #$e li##le
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    #aug$# ,r #2en#% %ears1 Ni$al
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    #$e engine6 As i# "isa((eare"1 a
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    Alla$DDA./ar D )" is )rea#'1
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    Sme #$re2 #$e $el(less
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    2ai#e" li.e /u#=$ers # slaug$#er
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    (ursue" #$em1 .ille" #$em an"
    $urle" #$em1 #$e "ea" an" #$e
    "%ing1 in# a 2ell $i ,rn# , #$e
    s#a#in6 T$e s=$l#ea=$er1 $is
    2i,e an" siC =$il"ren =lung #
    ea=$ #$er in #errr in #$eir
    =m(ar#men#6 T$e Mslems
    /a##ere" #$eir 2a% insi"e an"
    /egan # s$#6
    'T$e /ulle#s $i# m% $us/an" an"
    m% nl% sn1' Ni$al's 2i,e 2ul"
    al2a%s remem/er6 'M% sn 2as
    =r%ing F@a#er1 2a#er!F I $a"
    nne # gi+e $im6 I =rie" ,r
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    an" $is e%es =lse"6 M% $us/an"
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    #$em u( /% s$a.ing #$eir /"ies6
    T$ere 2as n res(nse6
    'M% "aug$#ers 2ere =linging #
    me an" $l"ing m% sari #ig$#6
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    T$e% =arrie" a2a% m% #$ree
    el"es# "aug$#ers6 T$e el"es# 2as
    /ea#en n #$e $ea"6 S$e
    s#re#=$e" $er $an"s # me an"
    =rie"H FMa1 Ma6F I =ul" n#
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    m+e6
    'Sme #ime la#er #$e Mslems
    #. m% $us/an" an" sn ,rm
    #$e #rain an" #$re2 #$em in# #$e
    2ell6 I# 2as #$e en" , #$em6 I
    #urne" $%s#eri=al6 I s$u#e" li.e
    a ma" 2man6 I ls# all ,eelings1
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    $er #rain 2ul"1 li.e #$e
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    #$e #$er en" , #$e PunBa/6
    *as$miri Lai1 #$e Hin"u 2$
    $a" 2ai#e" # /egin $is ,lig$# n
    a "a#e $is as#rlger $a"
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    ineCa=# s=ien=e6 !ur#een miles
    s$r# , #$e sa,e#% , #$e In"ian
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    ,, $is ,ee#6
    A ,e2 =ars a2a%1 s(i=eDseller
    D$ani Ram #$re2 $is 2i,e an"
    ,r6 =$il"ren n # #$e ,lr as
    #$e ,irs# +lle%s s#ru=. #$e #rain6
    A (il , 2un"e" ,ell n #( ,
    #$em #6 As #$eir /l" ,l2e"
    +er $in


    Ram $a" an i"ea # 2$i=$ $e
    2ul" 2e1 (er$a(s1 $is an" $is
    =$il"ren's li+es6 He "i((e" $is
    $an"s in #$e 2un"s , $is "%ing
    neig$/urs an" smeare" #$eir
    /l" +er $is 2n an" $is
    =$il"ren's ,a=e s #$e a##a=.ers
    mig$# lea+e #$em ,r "ea"6
    As #$e (a=e , #$e ,lig$# in /#$
    "ire=#ins gre21 #$se #rainDla"s
    , 2re#=$e" re,ugees /e=ame #$e
    (rime #arge#s , assaul# n /#$
    si"es , #$e /r"er6 T$e% 2ere
    am/us$e" 2$ile #$e% s#" in
    s#a#ins r in #$e (en =un#r%6
    Tra=.s 2ere #rn u( # "erail
    #$em in ,rn# , 2ai#ing $r"es
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    , assailan#s6 A==m(li=es
    smuggle" in# #$eir
    =m(ar#men#s ,r=e" #$em #
    s#( a# (reD=$sen si#es /%
    (ulling n #$e emergen=% =r"6
    Engineers 2ere /ri/e" r =2e"
    in# "eli+ering #$eir (assengers
    in# an am/us$6 On /#$ si"es ,
    #$e /r"er a man's seCual rgan
    /e=ame1 in #$e #rues# sense1 $is
    s#a,, , li,e6 In In"ia1 Si.$s an"
    Hin"us (r2le" #$e =ars ,
    am/us$e" #rains1 slaug$#ering
    e+er% male #$e% ,un" 2$ 2as
    =ir=um=ise"6 In Pa.is#an1
    Mslems ra=e" alng #$e #rains
    mur"ering e+er% man 2$ 2as
    n#6
    T$ere 2ere (eri"s , ,ur an"
    ,i+e "a%s a# a s#re#=$ "uring
    2$i=$ n# a single #rain rea=$e"
    La$re r Amri#sar 2i#$u# i#s
    =m(lemen# , "ea" an"
    2un"e"6 U6&6 Du/e%1 #$e
    In"ian Arm% maBr 2$'" /een
    +er2$elme" 2i#$ B% n
    In"e(en"en=e Da% a# #$e sig$# ,
    $is =un#r%'s ,lag ,l%ing +er #$e
    mess 2$ere $e'" /een $um/le"
    /% $is Bri#is$ su(erirs1 $a" a
    s#ar. "emns#ra#in , #$e (ri=e
    , #$a# ,ree"m in La$re 2$ere
    $e 2as an In"ian liaisn ,,i=er6
    A #rainDla" , "ea" an"
    2un"e" rlle" in# #$e railra"
    s#a#in6 As i# s#((e"1 /l"
    see(e" u# ,rm un"er #$e "rs
    , ea=$ , i#s silen#
    =m(ar#men#s1 "ri((ing n #
    #$e rails 'li.e 2a#er ,l2ing u#
    , a re,rigera#r =ar n a $#
    "a%'6
    As in s man% #$er areas #$a#
    au#umn1 #$e Si.$ Ba##$as
    "is#inguis$e" #$emsel+es /% #$e
    rganiQa#in an" sa+ager% ,
    #$eir a##a=.s1 /esmir=$ing /%
    #$eir +i=iusness #$e name , a
    grea# (e(le6 On=e1 $a+ing
    am/us$e" a #rain in Amri#sar1
    #$e% sen# a (ar#% "isguise" as
    relie, 2r.ers /a=. #$rug$ #$e
    #rain1 .illing an% +i=#ims #$e%'"
    misse" in #$eir riginal
    slaug$#er6 Margare# Bur.eD
    @$i#e1 Li,e MagaQine's grea#
    ($#gra($er1 remem/ere"
    seeing a gru( , #$se Si.$s in
    Amri#sar s#a#in1 '+enera/le in
    #$eir lng /ear"s an" 2earing
    #$e /rig$# /lue #ur/ans , #$e
    A.ali se=#1 si##ing =rssDlegge"
    alng #$e (la#,rm'6 Ea=$ '$el" a
    lng =ur+e" sa/re a=rss $is
    .nee D 2ai#ing 'uie#l% ,r #$e
    neC# #rain'6
    Mili#ar% guar"s 2ere (la=e" n
    #$e #rains /u# all # ,#en #$e%
    ,aile" # ,ire n #$eir a##a=.ers i,
    #$e% 2ere ,rm #$e same
    =mmuni#%6 T$ere 2ere $eres
    #6 PuQQle" /% #$e uneC(e=#e"
    sla=.ening , #$e s(ee" , $is
    #rain siC#% miles s$r# , #$e
    Pa.is#an /r"er1 A$me" Ra$ur1 a
    railra" 2r.er1 s=ram/le" # #$e
    l=m#i+e6
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    T$ere $e s(##e" a (air , Si.$s
    $an"ing #$e #rain's Hin"u
    engineei a 2a" , ru(ee n#es as
    a /ri/e # s#( #$e #rain in
    Amri#sar s#a#in T$e #erri,ie"
    Ra$ur sli((e" /a=. # 2arn #$e
    Bri#is$ lieu#enan =mman"ing
    #$eir es=r# , 2$a# $e'" seen6
    Lea(ing alng #$e r, , #$e
    2agns li.e mailD#rain r//ers in
    a 2es#ern1 #$e %ung ,,i=e an"
    #2 , $is men ra=e" # #$e
    l=m#i+e6 Re+l+er in $an"1 #$
    Bri#is$er r"ere" #$e engineer #
    s(ee" u(6 His re(l% 2as # slam
    43 #$e /ra.es6 T$e Bri#is$er
    .n=.e" $im u# 2i#$ $is (is#l
    /u#l @$ile $is sl"iers #ie" u(
    #$e engineer1 $e #. +er #$e
    #rain' =n#rl6 Minu#es la#er1
    Ra$ur an" $is ?444 Mslem
    (assengers 2er #rea#e" # an
    eC#rar"inar% s(e=#a=le6 @$is#le
    s$rie.ing1 #$e %un Bri#is$er n
    #$e ,#(la#e1 #$eir #rain
    r=.e#e"1 #$rug$ Amri#sa
    s#a#in a# siC#% miles an $ur
    (as# a s#unne" arm% , Si.$s1
    s2r" glin#ing1 2ai#ing #
    massa=re #$em6 Sa,el% "eli+ere"
    # Pa.is#an1 #$ #rain's gra#e,ul
    Mslem (assengers $ung a
    garlan" arun" #$ Englis$man's
    ne=.6 I# 2as n# ma"e , #$e
    #ra"i#inal marigl /lms1
    $2e+er1 /u# =urren=% n#es6
    N #rains 2ere immune6 T$e
    #rain /earing $un"re"s , Mslei
    ser+an#s , #$e l" +i=eregal
    es#a/lis$men# in Simla "2n #
    Dell 2as s#((e" a#6 #$e sun"
    , an eC(l"ing ,ire =ra=.er in
    Sni(T s#a#in6 Hun"re"s ,
    Si.$s rus$e" #$e #rain6 On /ar"1
    Hin"i #urne" n #$e Mslems a#
    2$se si"es #$e%'" ser+e" #$e
    Em(ir In #$eir =m(ar#men#1
    Sara$ Isma%1 "aug$#er , Lr"
    Isma%1 ai $er ,ian=e1 !lig$#D
    Lieu#enan# @en#% Beaumn#1
    ne , Lr" Mur /a##en's
    AD&s1 #. u# a (air , (is#ls6
    &n=eale" un"er a (i ,
    sui#=ases a# #$eir ,ee# 2as a #$ir"
    ==u(an# , #$e =m(ar#mei
    in+i#e" #$ere /e=ause , #$e
    s(e=ial =ir=ums#an=es6 I# 2as
    #$; Mslem /earer1 A/"ul
    Hami"6
    A (air , 2ellD"resse"1 2ellD
    s(.en Hin"us (ene" #$e "r
    #$e =m(ar#men# an" "eman"e"
    # l. ,r #$e Mslem #ra+elli
    2i#$ #$em6 A# #$eir 2r"s1 #$e
    sui#=ases $i"irg #$e /earer s$
    ,rm #$e ,rig$#ene" man's
    #rem/ling6
    'One s#e( ,r2ar" an" %u're
    "ea"1' Sara$ #l" #$e Hin"i
    (in#ing $er Smi#$ an" @essn
    a# #$em6 A/"ul Hami" 2ul" #$e
    nl% Mslem $ #$e #rain #
    rea=$ Del$i ali+e6
    T$se #rains , "ea#$1 as #$e%
    /e=ame .n2n1 2ul" ,rm a (H
    , #$e grisl% PunBa/ legen" in #$e
    %ears # =me1 a =m(en"ium
    g$as#l% #ales ea=$ mre =nil$ng
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    #$an #$e neC#6 Ri=$ar" !is$er1
    re(resen#a#i+e , #$e Ameri=an
    &a#er(illar Tra=#r &m(ai
    2ul" /e $aun#e" ,r #$e res# ,
    $is li,e /% #$e ne #$rug$ 2$i
    $e li+e"6 Hal,2a% /e#2een
    Lue##a an" La$re1 a gru( ,
    Msle s#((e" $is #rain6 @$ile
    ne /an" , Mslems ra=e"
    #$rug$ i #rain1 #$r2ing an%
    Si.$ #$e% ,un" u# , #$e
    2in"21 an#l


    ?45

    ,ree"m a# mi"nig$#

    'ur (e(le $a+e gne ma"'

    ?4?

    2ai#e" n #$e (la#,rm # /ea#
    ea=$ +i=#im # "ea#$ 2i#$ s#range
    =lu/s #$ree ,ee# lng1 =ur+ing a#
    ne en" in# a $al, mn6 T$e
    $rri,ie" mi"2es#erner 2a#=$e"
    as #$ir#een Si.$s 2ere #$r2n
    u# # "ie in a si=.ening
    =a=($n% , s=reams an"
    s$a##ering /nes6 Be#2een
    +i=#ims1 #$e Mslems 2a+e"
    #$eir /l"% =lu/s1 s$u#ing ,r
    mre6 As #$e #rain (ulle" u#1
    lea+ing #$e #$ir#een /a##ere" Si.$
    =r(ses /e$in"1 !is$er ,inall%
    learne" 2$a# #$e ins#rumen#s ,
    #$eir "es#ru=#in $a" /een6 T$e%
    2ere $=.e% s#i=.s6
    His sur(rises 2ere n# 'ui#e
    +er6 An#$er s#ar#ling image
    a2ai#e" #$e Ameri=an in La$re
    s#a#in6 A/+e #$e =r(ses alng
    #$e s#a#in's (la#,rm1 a /iQarre
    /ea=n ami"s# i#s =$as1 2as a
    sign similar # #$se (s#e" in all
    #$e rail2a% s#a#ins , #$e
    PunBa/6 I# 2as a remin"er ,
    #$se $a((ier "a%s 2$en #$e
    (r+in=e , #$e !i+e Ri+ers $a"
    /een 'a m"el , r"er an"
    (rs(eri#%'6
    'A =m(lain# /. is $el" a# #$e
    "is(si#in , #ra+ellers in #$e
    s#a#in mas#er's ,,i=e1' i# rea"6
    'An% #ra+eller 2is$ing # l"ge a
    =m(lain# a/u# #$e ser+i=es
    en=un#ere" "uring $is Burne%
    is in+i#e" # ma.e use , i#6'
    &al=u##a1 Augus# 37A8
    T$is #ime1 #$e% 2ere alms# a
    millin 2ai#ing ,r $im6 Da%
    a,#er "a%1 "uring #$a# #erri/le
    ,r#nig$# 2$en #$e PunBa/ $a"
    gne /erser.1 #$e siQe , #$e
    =r2"s a##en"ing )an"$i's
    regular e+ening (ra%er mee#ing
    gre21 #rans,rming in #$eir
    s#ea"%1 s(e=#a=ular gr2#$ #$e
    sa+age me#r(lis in# an asis
    , (ea=e an" ,ra#erni#%6 T$e ms#
    misera/le =i#%D"2ellers in #$e
    2rl" $a" $ear" #$e message ,
    #$e ,rail messenger , l+e an"
    mas#ere" #$eir an=es#ral urge ,r
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    +ilen=e an" $a#e6 T$e mira=le
    , &al=u##a $a" $el"T #$e =i#%1 as
    #$e NE@ YOR* TIMES n#e"1
    >2as #$e 2n"er , In"ia'6
    )an"$i1 2i#$ =$ara=#eris#i=
    $uniili#%1 re,use" # #a.e =re"i#
    ,r i#6 '@e are #%s in #$e $an"s
    , )"1' $e 2r#e in $is (a(er1
    #$e HariBan6 'He ma.es us "an=e
    # His #une6' A le##er ,rm Ne2
    Del$i1 $2e+er1 ren"ere" # #$a#
    $um/le &aesar #$e $nur $e
    2as "ue6 'In #$e PunBa/ 2e $a+e
    001444 sl"iers an" largeDs=ale
    ri#ing n ur $an"s1' Luis
    Mun#/a##en 2r#e # $is
    '"eBe=#e" s(arr2'6
    'In Bengal1 ur ,r=e =nsis#s ,
    ne man an" #$ere is n ri#ing6'
    As a mili#ar% lea"er an" an
    a"minis#ra#r #$e las# -i=er%
    $um/l% as.e" '# /e all2e" #
    (a% #ri/u#e # m% One Man
    Bun"ar% !r=e'6
    T$e PunBa/1 Augus# 37A8
    T$e #2 men r"e si"e /% si"e
    in an (en =ar6 T$ree "e=a"es
    s#ruggle agains# Bri#is$ rule
    s$ul" $a+e earne" #$e Prime
    Minis#ei , #$e ne2 na#ins ,
    Pa.is#an an" In"ia #$e rig$# #
    ri"e in #rium( #$rug$ Bu/ilan#
    =r2"s , #$eir a"miring
    =un#r%men6 Ja2a$arl Ne$ru an"
    Lia'a# Ali *$an r"e ins#ea" in
    "e(resse" silem #$rug$ s=enes
    , $rrr an" miser%1 #$e ,a=es
    #$eir =un#r%mi #urne" #2ar"s
    #$em alig$# 2i#$ e+er% em#in
    /u# gra#i#u"e a# #' /lessings
    ,ree"m $a" /rug$# #$em6 !r
    #$e se=n" #ime1 #$e ,# men
    #ure" #$e PunBa/1 s#ruggling #
    ,in" sme ,rmula # res#= r"er
    # i#s =$a#i= lan"s=a(e6
    E+er%#$ing $a" es=a(e" #$eir
    =n#rl6 T$eir (li=e $a" =lla(si
    T$eir armies remaine" l%al D
    /u# nl% Bus#6 In"i,,eren=e #1 sr
    #imes e+en a=#i+e =m(li=i#% in
    2$a# 2as ging n1 (aral%se" #/
    =i+il a"minis#ra#in6 N2 as
    #$eir =ar s(e" (as# "e+as#a#e" +ill
    a,#er "e+as#a#e" +illage1
    un$ar+es#e" ,iel"s1 2re#=$e"
    =lumns re,ugees1 Hin"us an"
    Si.$s #ru"ging "um/l% eas#1
    Mslems "un 2es#1 #$e #2
    lea"ers1 an ai"e n#i=e"1 seeme"
    # s$rin. in# /a=. sea# , #$e
    =ar1 =lla(sing1 alms#1 un"er #$e
    /ur"en , # miser%6 F
    A# las# Ne$ru /r.e #$e
    ((ressi+e silen=e6 '@$a# $ell
    #$is #i#in $as /rug$# us1' $e
    sai" # Lia'a# in a $al, 2$is(er6
    '@e n ,resa2 an%#$ing li.e #$is
    2$en 2e agree" # i#6 @e'+e
    /een /r#! H2 =ul" #$is $a+e
    $a((ene"?'
    'Our (e(le $a+e gne ma"1'
    Lia'a# re(lie"6
    Su""enl% a ,igure /r.e ,rm a
    line , re,ugees an" /l#e #$eir
    =ar6 I# 2as a man1 a Hin"u1 $is
    ,a=e alms# "is,igure" anguis$1
    $is /"% =n+ulse" 2i#$ s/s6
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    He $a" re=gniQe" N Ne$ru 2as
    a /ig man1 a sa$i/ ,rm Del$i1
    ,rm #$e g+ern 2$ =ul" "
    sme#$ing6 Tears (uring "2n
    $is ,a=e # m/ #$e mu=us
    ,l2ing ,rm $is nse1 $is
    =n#r#e" ,ingers "a2n air in a
    /esee=$ing /alle#1 #$e un.n2n
    Hin"u /egge" Nel $el( $im6
    T$ree miles u( #$e ra" a /an"
    , Mslems $a" # a# $is re,ugee
    =lumn ,rm #$e sugar =ane an"
    sna#=$e" a2 nl% =$il"1 a 34D
    %earDl" "aug$#er6 He l+e" $is
    li##le girl1 $ # Ne$ru1 $e l+e"
    $er +er% mu=$6 ')e# $er /a=. ,r
    me1 ge# $er /a=.6'
    Ne$ru #um/le" /a=. n #$e =ar
    sea#1 alms#1 as $e 2ul" ai"e1
    ($%si=all% ill a# #$is s#ar.1 "ire=#
    =n,rn#a#in 2i#$ #$e i
    +er2$elming s man% , $is
    =un#r%men6 He 2as Prime 3 ,
    ?44 millin (e(le %e# $e 2as
    $el(less # ai" #$is ne ,rH
    2ee(ing man1 /egging $im #
    (er,rm a mira=le an" ge# $is
    li##le "aug$#er /a=.6 O+er=me
    2i#$ anguis$1 Ne$ru slum(e"
    ,r2ar" =lu#=$ing $is $ea" in $is
    $an"s 2$ile $is es=r# gen#l%
    rem+e" #$e grie,Ds#ri=.en ,a#$er
    ,rm #$e running /ar" , $is
    =ar6
    T$a# nig$#1 s#ill s$a.en /% $is
    eC(erien=e1 Ne$ru =ul" n#
    slee(6 !r $urs $e (a=e" #$e
    =rri"r , #$e $use in La$re
    in 2$i=$ $e 2as s#a%ing1
    2rr%ing an" #$in.ing6 T$e
    =mmunal =ruel#% , 2$i=$ $is
    (e(le $a" su""enl% s$2n
    #$emsel+es =a(a/le 2as a
    s$=.ing re+ela#in # Ne$ru6
    Pa#el1 $is ,rien"l% ,e1 =ul"1 as
    $e $a" in an earlier mee#ing1
    "ismiss i# 2i#$ a s$rug , $is
    s$ul"ers an" #$e 2r"sH 'A$1
    #$is $a" # $a((en6' Ne$ru =ul"
    n#6 E+er% ,i/re , $is /eing 2as
    re(elle" /% #$e $a#re" s2ee(ing
    #$e PunBa/6 He 2as n# a,rai" #
    ((se i#1 e+en a# #$e ris. ,
    lsing #$e su((r# , $is Hin"u
    =un#r%men6
    T$e #ru/le 2as $e "i"n'# .n2
    $26 T$e =a#a=l%sm s$a.ing #$e
    PunBa/ $a" #$rus# u(n $im a
    /ur"en ,r 2$i=$ n#$ing in $is
    li,e $a" (re(are" $im6 He
    rea=#e" /% las$ing u# 2i#$ $is
    'ui=.1 im(e#uus #em(er in
    s(e=i,i= si#ua#ins6 T$a#
    a,#ernn1 near Amri#sar1
    in,rme" #$e Si.$s , a +illage
    2ere (lanning a massa=re ,
    #$eir Mslem neig$/urs! $e'"
    r"ere" #$e Si.$ lea"ers # /e
    /rug$# # $im un"er an
    enrmus /an%an #ree6
    T $ear %u are (lanning #
    massa=re %ur Mslem
    neig$/urs #nig$#1' $e #l"
    #$em6 'I, a $air n #$eir $ea"s is
    #u=$e"1 I 2ill $a+e %u
    reassem/le" $ere a# "a2n
    #mrr2 an" (ersnall% gi+e
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    m% /"%guar"s #$e r"ers #
    s$# #$e l# , %u6'
    Ne$ru's "ilemma 2as $2 #
    #ransla#e an e,,e=#i+e1 isla#e"
    a=#in li.e #$a# # #$e s=ale , #$e
    se=n" larges# na#in in #$e
    2rl"1 a na#in /ese# /%
    (r/lems n ne2 na#in $a"
    e+er ,a=e"6 @rrie" an"
    eC$aus#e"1 $e 2.e $is AD& a#
    56?4 an" as.e" $im # raise
    Del$i n #$e 2ireless ,r #$e
    la#es# re(r#6 In #$a# li#an% , /a"
    ne2s #$ere 2as ne i#em 2$i=$
    mig$# =nsle $im6 T$e ageing
    lea"er $e'" ,rsa.en n #$e issue
    , (ar#i#in 2as s#ill (er,rming
    $is mira=le6 &al=u##a 2as 'uie#6
    T$e signal 2as ne s$ar( /las#
    , a 2$is#le6 A# i#s n#e1 siC
    Hin"us gli"e" u( /e$in" #$e #2
    mi""leDage" men 2al.ing
    (ea=e,ull% "2n #$e mi""le ,
    #$e a+enue6 T$e (air s#ar#e" #
    run1 /u# #$ere 2as n es=a(e6
    S$rie.ing 'Mslem1 Mslem'1 #$e
    #eenage Hin"us (ummelle" #$em
    # #$e grun"6 T$e #2 #errriQe"
    men s2re #$e% 2ere Hin"us1
    =alling u# Hin"u names1
    =laiming a""resses in Hin"u
    neig$/ur$"s6 T$eir
    assailan#s' 38D%earDl" lea"er1 a
    s#u"en# name" Sunil R%1
    2an#e" /e##er (r, #$an #$a#6 He
    ri((e" (en #$e ,l"s , #$eir
    "$#is6 B#$ /re #$e s#igma#a ,
    #$e ,ai#$ , M$amme" #$e%
    2ere =ir=um=ise"6
    One , #$eir #eenage =a(#rs
    #$re2 a #2el +er #$eir $ea"s
    an#$er .n##e" #$eir arms 2i#$ a
    r(e6 !ll2e" /% a gr2ing
    =r2 2a+ing =lu/s1 .ni+es an"
    irn /ars1 #$e #2 2re#=$e" men
    2ei $er"e" "2n #$e s#ree#1 #$e
    %u#$s %ung enug$ # $a+e
    /een #$e sns1 s$u#ing ,r #$eir
    /l"6 T$eir @a% , #$e &rss
    =+ere" 5& %ar"s "2n # #$e
    maBes#i= /en" , a ri+er6
    'In nrmal #unes1' #$eir 38D%earD
    l" =a(#r la#er "e=lare"1 '+
    2ul" n# $a+e (llu#e" #$e
    sa=re" 2a#er 2i#$ Mslem /li
    T$ere 2ere man% religius
    Hin"us "ing (uBa n #$e /an.s
    , #l ri+er6 Sme 2men 2ere
    #a.ing /a#$s6'
    T$e% (us$e" #$eir +i=#ims in#
    #$e 2a#er u( # #$eir 2ais#s6 J
    irn =r2/ar ,las$e" in# #$e s.%
    an" lan"e" 2i#$ a #$um( n #l
    $ea" , #$e ,irs# 2$im(ering
    Mslem6 His s.ull ,ra=#ure"1 #$e
    ( man =rum(le" in# #$e ri+er1
    a =armine $al ,rming a =ir=le
    n i sur,a=e 2$ere $is $ea" $a"
    sli((e" /enea#$ #$e 2a#ers6
    T$e #$er man ,ug$# ,r $is
    li,e6 FT$e same /% $i# $im n #
    $ea"1' #$e =$ie, assassin re=alle"6
    '&$il"ren #$re2 /ri=.s in $is ,aV
    An#$er s#a//e" $im in #$e ne=.
    # /e +er% sure $e 2as "ea"6'
    Arun" #$e si#e #$e Hin"u
    2rs$i((ers =n#inue" #$eir
    (ra%eH #$eir "e+#ins
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    un"is#ur/e" /% #$e mur"er /eing
    =mmi##e" a ,V %ar"s a2a%6 R%
    .i=.e" #$e #2 /"ies u#
    #2ar"s mi"s#ree 2$ere #$e
    ri+er's =urren# =ul" =arr% #$em
    a2a%6 As #$e% "isa((ear an" #$e
    2a.e le,# /% #$eir /l" /len"e"
    2i#$ #$e Ri+er Hg$lT mu""%
    2a#er1 a =r%1 re(ea#e" #$ree
    #imes1 rse ,rm #$eir .ille '*ali
    Ma%i *i Jai! D Lng li+e #$e
    )""ess *ali!'
    I# 2as earl% mrning1 ?3 Augus#
    37A86 A,#er siC#een mira=ul=
    "a%s1 #$e +irus $a" ,inall%
    a,,e=#e" #$e &i#% , Drea",ul Nig
    T$e Pea=e , &al=u##a $a" /een
    s$a##ere"6 As else2$ere1 #$e in,
    #in $a" /een s(rea" /% #rainD
    la"s , re,ugees arri+ing 2i#$
    #$ #ales , $rrr ,rm #$e
    PunBa/6 I#s igni#in 2as (r+i"e"
    /% I rumur1 ne+er su/s#an#ia#e"1
    #$a# a Hin"u /% $a" /een
    /ea#en "ea#$ /% Mslems n a
    #rlle% =ar6
    A# #en '=l=. #$a# nig$# a (ara"e
    , %ung Hin"u ,ana#i=s /u in#
    #$e =ur#%ar" , H%"ari Huse1
    "eman"ing # see #$e Ma$a#r
    S#re#=$e" n $is s#ra2 (al#e
    /e#2een $is ,ai#$,ul Manu an"
    an# grea#Dnie=e1 A/$a1 )an"$i
    2as aslee(6 T$rus#ing ,r2ar" a
    "aH an" /an"age" %u#$ #$e%
    =laime" $a" /een /ea#en /%
    Mslems1 m/ /egan # s$rie.
    slgans an" $url r=.s a# #$e
    $use6 Manu V A/$a 2.e u(
    an" rus$e" # #$e +eran"a1 #r%ing
    # =alm #$e =r3 I# 2as n use6
    Pus$ing asi"e )an"$i's
    su((r#ers1 #$e =r2" s(il in#
    #$e in#erir , #$e $use6 )an"$i1
    aruse" /% #$e ,ra=as1 u( # ,a=e
    #$em6 '@$a# ma"ness is #$is?' $e
    as.e"6 T ,,er m%sel, ,r a##a=.6'
    T$is #ime $is 2r"s 2ere ls# in
    #$e =r2"'s "in6 T2 Mslems1
    ne /ea#en an" /l"%1 es=a(e"
    i#s ran.s an" rus$e" # =ru=$
    /e$in" #$e (r#e=#ing u#line ,
    )an"$i's ,rame6 !rm #$e =r2"
    a /la=.Ba=. Qi((e" #2ar"s
    #$em1 missing #$e Ma$a#ma's
    $ea" /% in=$es1 # =ras$ in# #$e
    2all /e$in" $im6
    A# #$a# mmen# #$e (li=e1
    summne" /% ne , )an"$i's
    2rrie" ,ll2ers1 rea=$e" #$e
    $use6 A s$a.en )an"$i la% /a=.
    "2n n $is s#ra2 (alle#1 una/le
    # slee(6 'T$e Mira=le ,
    &al=u##a1' $e n#e"1 '$as (r+e"
    # /e a nine "a%s' 2n"er6'
    @$a# ,e2 illusins #$e Ma$a#ma
    ma% $a+e $a" le,# a/u#
    &al=u##a's (ea=e 2ere s$a##ere"
    #$e neC# "a%6 S$r#l% a,#er nn a
    =n=er#e" /urs# , a##a=.s 2ere
    laun=$e" n #$se Mslem
    slums 2$se in$a/i#an#s1
    ins(ire" /% )an"$i's mira=le1
    $a" re#urne" # #$eir $mes6 In
    ms# =ases #$e a,#a=.ers 2ere le"
    /% ,ana#i=s , #$e RSSS1 #$e
    Hin"u eC#remis# rganiQa#in
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    2$se ,ll2ers $a" salu#e"
    #$eir range s2as#i.aD
    em/laQne" ,lag in Pna n
    In"e(en"en=e Da%6 On
    Beliag$a#a Ra"1 a ,e2 $un"re"
    %ar"s ,rm )an"$i's resi"en=e1 a
    (air , $an"Dgrena"es 2ere
    #sse" in# a #ru=. =arr%ing
    ,rig$#ene" Mslems a2a% ,rm
    #$e neig$/ur$"6
    )an"$i imme"ia#el% rus$e" #
    #$e si#e6 T$e s(e=#a=le si=.ene"
    $im6 T$e #2 "ea" 2ere (r
    "a%Dla/urers "resse" in rags6
    E%es glss%1 #$e% la% in a s#i=.%
    mas$ , /l"1 $r"es , ,lies
    =ree(ing +er #$e H(s , #$eir
    (en 2un"s6 A ,ur anna (ie=e
    $a" #um/le" ,rm #$e rags ,
    ne , #$em an" s(ar.le" n #$e
    (a+emen# /esi"e $is /"%6
    )an"$i s#" $%(n#iQe" /% #$e
    =l"D/l"e" /u#=$er%6 S
    si=.ene" 2as $e /% #$e sig$# #$a#
    $e re,use" $is e+ening meal6 He
    la(se" in# m"% silen=e6 T am
    (ra%ing ,r lig$#1' $e sai"6 T am
    sear=$ing "ee( 2i#$in m%sel,6 In
    #$a#1 silen=e $el(s6'
    T$a# e+ening1 a,#er a /rie, s#rll1
    $e sa# "2n n $is s#ra2 (alle#
    an" /egan # "ra,# a (u/li=
    (r=lama#in6 He $a" ,un" #$e
    ans2er ,r 2$i=$ $e'" /een
    sear=$ing6 T$e "e=isin $is
    (a(er annun=e" 2as
    irre+=a/le6 T res#re sani#% #
    &al=u##a1 )an"$i 2as ging #
    su/mi# $is 8:D%earDl" /"% # a
    ,as# un# "ea#$6 ^^ S ;
    T$e 2ea(n )an"$i 2as ging
    # /ran"is$ # res#re sani#% #
    &al=u##a 2as a singularl%
    anmalus ne # em(l% in a
    =un#r% in 2$i=$ ,r =en#uries
    "ea#$ ,rm $unger $a" /een a
    =ns#an# an" =mmn =urse6 Ye#
    i# 2as a "e+i=e as l" as In"ia6
    T$e an=ien# (ra%er , #$e ris$is1
    Hin"uism's earlies#6 ages D 'I,
    %u " #$a#1 i# is I 2$ 2ill "ie' D
    $a" ne+er =ease" # ins(ire a
    (e(le usuall% "e(ri+e" , an%
    #$er means , =er=in6 In #$e
    In"ia , 37A81 (easan#s
    =n#inue" # ,as# n #$e
    "rs#e(s , mne%Dlen"ers1
    /esee=$ing # #$eir su,,ering a
    sus(ensin , #$eir "e/#s6
    &re"i#rs # =ul" ,a # ,r=e
    #$eir "e/#rs # mee# #$eir
    /liga#ins6 )an"$i's genii $a"
    /een # gi+e a na#inal
    "imensin # 2$a# $a" /een an
    in"i+i"u #a=#i=6
    In #$e $an"s , #$a# =unning li##le
    man #$e ,as# /e=ame #$e m
    (#en# 2ea(n e+er 2iel"e" /%
    an unarme" an" un"er"e+el(>
    (e(le6 Be=ause a ,as# ,r=e" n
    an a"+ersar% a sense , urgen#
    #$a# =m(elle" $im # ,a=e an
    issue1 )an"$i resr#e" # i#
    2$ene+i $e ,un" $imsel,
    =n,rn#e" /% an insurmun#a/le
    /s#a=le6
    His =areer 2as s#u""e" /% #$e
    a=$ie+emen#s 2n /% $is
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    maB; ,as#s6 SiC#een #imes1 ,r
    grea# r minr reasns1 $e $a"
    (u/li= re,use" # #a.e
    nuris$men#6 T2i=e $is ,as#s $a"
    =+ere" #2en#%Di "a%s1 =arr%ing
    $im # li,e's u#er ,rn#iers6
    @$e#$er #$e%'" /een i Su#$
    A,ri=a ,r ra=ial Bus#i=e1 r in
    In"ia ,r Hin"uDMslem uni# #
    en" #$e s=urge ,
    Un#u=$a/ili#% r # $as#en
    Bri#ain's "e(ar#ur )an"$i's ,as#s
    $a" m+e" $un"re"s , millins
    , (e(le arun" #l gl/e6 T$e%
    2ere as mu=$ a (ar# , $is (u/li=
    image as $is /am/ s#a+e1 $is
    "$#i an" $is /al" $ea"6 A
    na#in1 :?P , 2$se in$a/i#an
    =ul" n# rea" an" $a" n a==ess
    # a ra"i1 s#ill manage" sme$
    # ,ll2 ea=$ , )an"$i's sl2
    =ru=i,iCins1 s$u""ering in rare
    an ins#in=#i+e uni#% 2$ene+er $e
    2as mena=e" /% "ea#$6
    !as#ing 2as ,r )an"$i1 ,irs# ,
    all1 a ,rm , (ra%er1 #$e /es# 2a
    # all2 #$e s(iri# # "mina#e
    #$e ,les$6 Li.e seCual
    =n#inen=e1 2as an elemen#
    essen#ial # man's s(iri#ual
    (rgress6 T /elie+e1' $ s#resse"1
    '#$a# sul ,r=e =an nl% /e
    in=rease" #$rug$ #$e in=reasin
    "mina#in , #$e ,les$6 @e
    ,rge# # easil% #$a# ," 2as
    n# ma" # "elig$# #$e (ala#e1 /u#
    # sus#ain #$e /"% as ur sla+e6'
    In (ri+a#e ,as#s ,,ere" $im #$e
    (er,e=# #l 2i#$ 2$i=$ # ,ul,il
    $is =ns#a#_ nee" ,r (enan=e6
    In (u/li= #$e sel,Dim(se"
    su,,ering , a ,as# ma"e i#1
    )an"$i $el" #$e ms# e,,e=#i+e
    arm in #$e arsenal , nnD
    +ilen=e1 an" $e /e=am #$e
    2rl"'s grea#es# #$ere#i=ian n
    i#s use6 A ,as#1 )an"$i /elie+e"
    =ul" nl% /e un"er#a.en un"er
    =er#ain =n"i#ins6 I# 2as useles
    # ,as# agains# an enem% n
    2$se l+e an" a,,e=#in #$e
    ,as#er $aV n =laim6 I# 2ul"
    $a+e /een a/sur" an" agains# $is
    #$eries ,r ; Je2is$ inma#e ,
    Bu=$en2al" # em(l% a ,as#
    agains# $is S6S =a(#rs r ,r a
    (risner in a Si/erian gulag #
    ,as# agains# $i S#alinis# guar"s6
    Ha" a Hi#ler r S#alinDrule"
    In"ia ins#ea"Br,#$i Bri#is$1 #$e
    ,as#1 )an"$i a=.n2le"ge"1
    2ul" $a+e /een an in
    e,,e=#ualB%e\a(a6
    A ,as# ga+e a (r/lem a +i#al
    "imensin , #ime6 I#s "rama#iV
    mena=e ,r=e" (e(le's #$ug$#s
    u# , #$e ru#s in 2$i=$ #$e% 2en
    a==us#me" # run an" ma"e
    #$em ,a=e ne2 =n=e(#s6 T /e
    e,,e=#i+e a (li#i=al ,as# $a" #
    /e a==m(anie" /% (u/li=i#%6 I#
    2as a 2ea(n # /e use" rarel%
    an" nl% a,#er =are,ul #$ug$#
    /e=ause1 i, re(ea#e" # ,#en1 i#
    =ul" /e=me an /Be=# ,
    ri"i=ule6
    )an"$i em(l%e" #2 .in"s ,
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    (u/li= ,as#s6 T$e ,irs# an" ms#
    "rama#i= 2as a ,as# 'un# "ea#$'
    in 2$i=$ $e +2e" # a=$ie+e a
    s(e=i,i= en" r s#ar+e6 T$e
    se=n" 2as a ,as# ,r a ,iCe"1
    (re"e#ermine" "ura#in6
    Sme#imes i# 2as a ,rm ,
    (ersnal (enan=e sme#imes a
    (u/li= a#nemen# ,r $is
    ,ll2ers' errrs1 a =m(elling
    2a% # /ring #$em /a=. # #$e
    Ma$a#ma's "is=i(line6
    A se# , rigrus rules g+erne"
    #$em6 )an"$i "ran. nl% 2a#er
    miCe" 2i#$ a (in=$ ,
    /i=ar/na#e , s"a6 Sme#imes
    /e,re /eginning $e s#i(ula#e"
    #$a# $is ,ll2ers mig$# a"" #$e
    Bui=e , ne s2ee# lime r a
    lemn # #$e 2a#er # ma.e i#
    (ala#a/le6 He $a" an a+ersin1
    un"ers#an"a/le in #$e
    =ir=ums#an=es1 # i#s #as#e6 In
    375A1 "uring $is ,irs# #2en#%Dne
    "a%s' ,as#1 $e $a" all2e" $is
    "=#rs # a"minis#er $im a
    glu=se enema 2$en $e
    2ea.ene" #2ar"s #$e en"1 sin=e
    $e 2as n# em/ar.e" n a ,as#
    un# "ea#$1 /u# ne , a
    (re=isel% "e,ine" "ura#in6
    N21 a((ra=$ing $is se+en#%D
    eig$#$ /ir#$"a%1 )an"$i (re(are"
    # in,li=# n $imsel, n=e again
    #$e sel,Dim(se" su,,ering , a
    (u/li= ,as#6 T$is #ime $e 2as
    em(l%ing $is 2ea(n n a ne2
    .in" , =n,li=#6 He 2as ,as#ing
    n# agains# #$e Bri#is$ /u#
    agains# $is 2n =un#r%men an"
    #$e irra#inal ,renQ% gri((ing
    #$em6 T sa+e #$e ,i+es ,
    #$usan"s , inn=en#s 2$
    mig$# "ie in &al=u##a's +ilen=e1
    $e 2as (re(aring # ris. n #$eir
    /e$al, 2$a# li,e remaine" in $is
    el"erl% /"%6
    A2are , #$e #erri/le ris.s a ,as#
    a# $is age 2ul" mean1 )an"$i's
    "is=i(les sug$# "es(era#el% #
    "issua"e $im6
    'Ba(u1' 'ues#ine" $is l"
    &ngress all% /e=me Bengal's
    ,irs# In"ian g+ernr1 &6 R6
    RaBag(ala=$ari1 '$2 =an ne
    ,as# agains# gn"asT
    T 2an# # #u=$ #$e $ear# ,
    #$se 2$ are /e$in" #$e
    gn"as1' )an"$i re(lie"6
    'Bu# i, %u "ie1' $is l" ,ll2er
    (lea"e"1 '#$e =n,lagra#in %u
    are #r%ing # en" 2ill /e e+en
    2rse6'
    'A# leas#1' )an"$i ans2ere"1 T
    2n'# /e a li+ing 2i#ness # i#6'
    N#$ing 2as ging # m+e $im6
    La#e in #$e e+ening , 3
    Se(#em/er1 )an"$i 2.e Manu
    an" A/$a # in,rm #$em $is ,as#
    $a" /egun 2i#$ #$e su((er $e'"
    /een una/le # ea# a,#er +ie2ing
    #$e +i=#ims in ,rn# , H%"ari
    Huse6 He 2ul" su==ee" r "ie1
    $e sai"6 'Ei#$er #$ere 2ill /e
    (ea=e in &al=u##a r I 2ill /e
    "ea"6'
    T$is #ime )an"$i's ($%si=al
    ,r=es =rum/le" 2i#$ "iQQ%ing
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    s(e= T$e em#inal s#rain $e'"
    /een un"er sin=e Ne2 Year's
    Da% $i le,# i#s #ra=e6
    T$e ,ll2ing "a% $is "=#r
    "is=+ere" $is $ear# 2as alrea=
    missing ne /ea# in ,ur6 A,#er a
    mi""a% massage an" a 2ar 2a#er
    enema1 $e a/sr/e" a li#re ,
    2a#er an" /i=ar/na#e , s"
    S$r#l% #$erea,#er $is +i=e
    /e=ame s 2ea. i# 2as /arel% a
    2$is(e
    In a ,e2 $urs #$e ne2s , #$e
    =$allenge $e'" #$r2n "2n
    s2eB a=rss &al=u##a an" s=res
    , anCius +isi#rs #$rnge" #$e
    s#ree arun" H%"ari Huse6 Bu#
    #$e e(i"emi= , +ilen=e alrea"%
    laun=$> =ul" n# /e =$e=.e" in
    a "a%6 !ires1 l#ing1 .illing
    =n#inue" (lague #$e =i#%6 !rm
    $is (alle# )an"$i $imsel, =ul"
    $ear a sinis# sun" /e#.ening
    s#ill mre .illings1 a "is#an# e=$
    , gun,ire6
    As $e la% in agn% $is ,ll2ers
    sug$# u# #$e lea"ers , #$e =i#%
    Hin"u eC#remis#s6 T$usan"s ,
    #$eir ,ell2 Hin"us in Na.$s
    sur+i+e"1 #$e% (in#e" u#1
    /e=ause , #$e (le"ge )an"$i
    $a" e #ra=#e" ,rm Na.$ali's
    Mslem lea"ers6 I, #$e slaug$#er
    , Msier in &al=u##a =n#inue"
    an" )an"$i "ie"1 #$e resul#1 #$e%
    2arne 2ul" /e #$e massa=re ,
    #ens , #$usan"s , Hin"us
    in'Na.$a
    B% #$e mrning , #$e se=n"
    "a% , $is ,as#1 a ne2 sun" $i
    /egun # mingle 2i#$ #$e =ra=.
    , gun,ire1 #$e =$an# , =alls ,r
    (ea raise" /% #$e "elega#ins
    s#reaming $i gr2ing num/er
    #2ar H%"ari Huse6 &al=u##a's
    ri#ers (ause" # (n"er
    )an"$i's /l; (ressure1 $is $ear#
    ra#e1 #$e amun# , al/umen in
    $is urine6 RaBag (ala=$ari =alle"
    # annun=e #$a# #$e =i#%'s
    uni+ersi#% s#u"en#s 2e laun=$ing
    a m+emen# # res#re (ea=e #
    #$e =i#%6 Hin"u ai Mslem
    lea"ers rus$e" # #$e ,ailing
    )an"$i's /e"si"e # /eg $i #
    gi+e u( $is ,as#6 One Mslem
    #$re2 $imsel, a# )an"$i's ,eV
    =r%ingH 'I, an%#$ing $a((ens #
    %u1 i# 2ill /e #$e en" ,r us
    Mslem N "es(airing
    su((li=a#ins1 $2e+er1 2ere
    ging # s$a.e #$e +1 /urning
    insi"e )an"$i's eC$aus#e" /"%6
    T 2ill n# s#( m% ,i un#il #$e
    glrius (ea=e , #$e las# ,i,#een
    "a%s $as /een res#re"1' in#ne"6
    A# "a2n n #$e #$ir" "a%1
    )an"$i's +i=e 2as a murmur6 I
    (ulse $a" 2ea.ene" s ra(i"l%
    #$a# $is "ea#$ /e=ame an inimins
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    ?34

    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT

    >OUR PEOPLE HA-E )ONE
    MAD'

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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    'OUR PEOPLE HA-E )ONE
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    ?3

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    =lnialism $as "enie" us6 Yu
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    an" $ere %u #2 are as.ing me
    # #a.e i /a=.!'
    'Yu mus# un"ers#an"1' Ne$ru
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    sai"6 'Yu'+e g# # #a.e i#6 @e'
    (le"ge ursel+es # " 2$a#e+er
    %u sa%6'
    'Bu# #$is is #erri/le1' Mun#/a##en
    sai"6 'I, an%ne e+er ,in"s u
    %u'+e #urne" #$e =un#r% /a=.
    # m% $an"s1 %u'll /e ,inis$ei
    (li#i=all%6 T$e In"ians .ee( #$e
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    'ues#in6' 6
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    ,in" a 2a% # "isguise i#1 /u# i
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    manage6'
    Mun#/a##en #$ug$# a mmen#6
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    /a=. n $is /ri"ge1 'I'll " i#1 anV
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    '2e in+i#e %u6'
    FT$e Emergen=% &mmi##ee1'
    Mun#/a##en =n#inue"1 'musi
    =nsis# , #$e (e(le I nmina#e6'
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    'N# i, i#'s ging # "ela% #$ings1'
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    e+e ne 2ul" ma.e sme
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    assigne" 38D%earDl" "aug$#er
    Pamela # 2r. 2i#$ Rees as $is
    se=re#ar%6
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    Mun#/a##en (ene" #$e
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    sessin eC(sing #$e In"ian
    lea"ers # #$e #erri,%ing reali#%
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    > T$e Bun"ar% !r=e $a" /een
    "i+i"e" a# #$e insis#en=e , /#$
    #$e In# an" Pa.is#ani
    )+ernmen#s 2$ =laime" #$ere
    2as n (ssi/ili#% , res#H r"er
    in #$e PunBa/ i, #$e arme" ,r=es
    (era#ing #$ere res(n"e" n# #
    #$ /u# # a #$ir" au#$ri#%6 T$eir
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    +in=e" #$e #2 na#ins sim(l%
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    (ur(ses6 Lr" Isma%1 an In"ian
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    "minins1 I reall% /elie+e i#
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    I%enagar1 Ne$ru's Prin=i(al
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    '%u 2ill lea+e #$e rm6 Yu
    2ill g imme"ia#el% # #$e
    air(r#6 Yu 2ill n# lea+e1 ea# r
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    2$i=$ Mun#/a##en 2as =a(a/le6
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    mar#ial an" s$# #$e res# n #$e
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    2ul" $a+e a salu#ar% e,,e=# n
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    alne re(resen#e" :441444
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    (e(le1 a =ara+an alms# min"D
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    AN OLD MAN AND
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    $2e+er1 amng #$se num/ an"
    2re#=$e" =rea#ures1 #$a# #$e
    a2,ulness , 2$a# 2as
    $a((ening /e=ame a((aren#6
    E%es an" #$ra#s ra2 2i#$ "us#1
    ,ee# /ruise" /% s#nes r #$e
    searing as($al#1 #r#ure" /%
    $unger an" #$irs#1 enr/e" in a
    s#en=$ , urine1 s2ea# an"
    "e,e=a#in1 #$e re,ugees (l""e"
    "um/l% ,r2ar"6 T$e% ,l2e" n
    in ,il#$% "$#is1 saris1 /agg%
    #rusers1 ,ra%e" san"als1
    sme#imes nl% ne s$e1 ,#en
    nne a# all6 El"erl% 2men =lung
    # #$eir sns1 (regnan# 2men #
    #$eir $us/an"s6 Men =arrie"
    in+ali" 2i+es an" m#$ers n
    #$eir s$ul"ers1 2men #$eir
    in,an#s6 T$e% $a" # en"ure #$eir
    /ur"en n# ,r a mile r #2 /u#
    ,r a $un"re"1 #2 $un"re"
    miles1 ,r "a%s n en" 2i#$
    n#$ing # nuris$ #$eir s#reng#$
    /u# a =$a(a#i an" a ,e2 si(s ,
    2a#er6
    T$e =ri((le"1 #$e si=. an" #$e
    "%ing 2ere sme#imes $ung in
    slings #ie" # #$e mi""le , a
    (le1 ea=$ en" , 2$i=$ res#e"
    n #$e s$ul"er , a sn r
    ,rien"6 S#ra((e" # /a=.s
    =lla(sing un"er #$eir /ur"en
    2ere /un"les sur(assing a man's
    2eig$#6 Balan=e" n #$eir
    2men's $ea"s 2ere (re=arius
    (iles , 2$a# a "es(era#e (e(le
    $a" /een a/le # sal+age ,rm
    #$eir $mesH a ,e2 =.ing
    u#ensils1 a
    urge" %u # gi+e u( #$is $use1'
    #$e Ma$a#ma sai"6 'N2 I see
    #$is is #$e $ear# , In"ia6 Here is
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    2$ere In"ia is g+erne" ,rm6
    T$is is #$e san=#uar% in #$e
    s#rm6 @e mus# .ee( i# u( an"
    ali %ur su==essrs mus# li+e
    $ere6'
    (r#rai# , S$i+a1 #$e guru
    Nana.1 a =(% , #$e *ran6
    Sme mi /alan=e" lng /am/
    s#a+es n #$eir s$ul"ers1 ,rm
    ea=$ , 2$i= li.e #$e (ans , a
    /alan=e1 $ung #$eir /elngingsH
    an in,an#1 (er$a# in a sa=. a# ne
    en"T #$e ingre"ien#s 2i#$ 2$i=$
    # /egin a ne2 $i a s$+el1 a
    2"en $e1 a sa=. , see" grain
    $anging ,rm #$e #$e
    Bull=.s1 /u,,ales1 =amels1
    $rses1 (nies1 s$ee(1 ga#s
    miC> #$eir miser% 2i#$ #$a# ,
    #$e "is#raug$# 2ners ,r=ing
    #$em a$ea Bull=.s an"
    /u,,ales lur=$e" ,r2ar"
    #ugging #$e s$i(s , #$ gr#es'ue
    eC"us1 2"enD2$eele"
    (la#,rms $ea(e" 2i#$ g"
    T$ere 2ere (%rami"s ,
    =$ar(is1 s#ra2 (alle#s1 ra.es1
    (lug$s1 (i=l aCes1 /ags , las#
    %ear's $ar+es#6 Li,e ra,#s # #$eir
    2ners' s$i_ 2re=.e" li+es1 #$e%
    2ere $ea(e" 2i#$ /un"les , l"
    =l#$esT =a sinall% a 2e""ing
    sari gli##ering in gl" an" sil+er
    (ee(ing ,ri #a2"r% (ilesT
    $.a$sT #$e su+enirs , a
    /e##er #ime1 a =u(le 2e""ing
    (resen#sT (#s an" (ans1 #$eir
    num/er1 i, #$e% 2ere Hin"uH
    al2a%s en"ing in T /e=ause a
    num/er en"ing in 'O' li.e TO' 2a
    inaus(i=ius6 T$ere 2ere1 in
    #$se =lumns1 sle"ges1 #ngas1
    #$e /ur' =ar#s use" /% #$e
    Mslems # =arr% 2men in
    (ur"a$1 $a%2aini an%#$ing 2i#$
    2$eels r runners # 2$i=$ #$e
    ema=ia#e" ,rame , $rse r
    /ull=. =ul" /e $i#=$e"6
    I# 2as n# Bus# a /rie, #ri( #
    an#$er +illage #$se $el(less
    In"ian an" Pa.is#anis 2ere
    ma.ing6 T$eirs 2as #$e #re. ,
    #$e u(r#e"1 i Burne% 2i#$ n
    re#urn a=rss $un"re"s , miles1
    ea=$ mile mena=ei 2i#$
    eC$aus#in1 s#ar+a#in1 =$lera1
    a##a=.s agains# 2$i=$ #$en 2as
    ,#en n "e,en=e6 Hin"u1
    Mslem an" Si.$1 #$se
    re,ugees 2en #$e inn=en# an"
    #$e unarme"1 illi#era#e (easan#s
    2$se nl% li,i $a" /een #$e
    ,iel"s #$e% 2r.e"1 ms# ,
    2$m "i" n# .n2 2$a a
    -i=er% 2as1 2$ 2ere
    in"i,,eren# # #$e &ngress Par#%
    an" #$i Mslem League1 2$
    $a" ne+er /#$ere" 2i#$ issues
    li.e (ar#i#ii r /un"ar% lines r
    e+en #$e ,ree"m in 2$se name
    #$e%'" /eei (lunge" in# "es(air6
    An" al2a%s1 s#al.ing #$em ,rm
    ne en" , #$e $riQn # #$V
    #$er 2as #$e sun1 #$e =ruel1
    remrseless sun =m(un"ing
    #$eii miseries1 ,r=ing #$eir
    $aggar" ,a=es # a /laQing s.% #
    /eg Alla$ S$i+a1 #$e guru
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    Nana.1 ,r #$e relie, , a
    mnsn #$a# re,use" #= =me6
    !r L#6 Rain Sar"ilal1 es=r#ing a
    =lumn , Mslem re,ugees ui
    , In"ia1 ne image 2ul"
    al2a%s remain , #$a# $arr2ing
    eC(erien=eH T$e Si.$s1 li.e
    +ul#ures1 ,ll2ing #$e =ara+an
    line1 /argaining 2i#$ #$e
    un$a((% re,ugees +er #$e ,e2
    (ssessins #$e% 2ere #r%ing #
    #a.e a2a%1 $l"ing u# Cs #$e
    (ri=e "r((e" 2i#$ ea=$ (assing
    mile un#il #$e "es(era#e re,ugees
    2ere (re(are" # gi+e a2a% #$eii
    (ssessins ,r a =u( , 2a#er6'


    &a(#6 R6 E6 A#.ins an" $is
    )ur.$as s(en# 2ee.s es=r#ing
    re,ugee =lumns1 #a.ing Si.$s
    in# In"ia1 #$en /ringing a $r"e
    , Mslems /a=. +er #$e same
    ru#e6 A# #$e /eginning , a
    mar=$1 $e remem/ere"1 #$e
    re,ugees 2ul" /e relie+e"1
    alms# $a((%1 # /e en ru#e6
    'T$en 2i#$ #$e $ea#1 #$e #$irs#1
    #$e ,a#igue1 #$e en"less miles1
    #$e% s#ar#e" #$r2ing #$ings
    a2a% un#il1 a# #$e en"1 #$e% $a"
    alms# n#$ing le,#6'
    O==asinall% a (lane 2ul"
    a((ear in #$e mer=iless s.% #
    "r( ,"6 A (ani=.e" rus$
    2ul" ,ll26 A#.ins's )ur.$as
    2ul" $a+e # (r#e=# #$e (i#i,ul
    ra#ins 2i#$ ,iCe" /a%ne#s #
    insure #$eir Bus# "is#ri/u#in6
    On=e1 $e 2as s#ar#le" /% #$e
    sig$# , a /la=.Dan"D2$i#e "g
    running a2a% 2i#$ a =$a(a#i an"
    a =r2" =$asing i#1 rea"% # .ill
    #$e "g # ge# #$e =$a(a#i /a=.6
    @rs# , all 2ere #$se 2$
    =ul" n# ma.e i#1 #$se 2$
    2ere # %ung r # l"1 #
    2ea.ene" /% illness1 eC$aus#in
    r $unger # g n6 T$ere 2as
    #$e (i#i,ul sig$# , =$il"ren
    2$se (aren#s n lnger $a" #$e
    s#reng#$ # =arr% #$em1 le,#
    /e$in" # "ie in #$e 2a.e , a
    =ara+an6 T$ere 2ere #$e el"erl%1
    resigne" # "ea#$1 ###ering ,,
    in# #$e ,iel"s in sear=$ , #$e
    s$a"e , a #ree un"er 2$se
    =m,r#ing /ran=$es #$e% mig$#
    a2ai# #$eir en"6 Engra+e" in #$e
    memr% , Margare# Bur.eD
    @$i#e 2ul" /e #$e image , a
    =$il" le,# /% #$e si"e , #$e ra"
    #ugging #$e arms , i#s "ea"
    m#$er1 ,ailing # =m(re$en"
    2$% #$se arms 2ul" ne+er
    (i=. i# u( again6
    *ul"i( Sing$1 an In"ian
    Burnalis#1 =ul" ne+er ,rge# 'an
    l" Si.$1 ,l2ing /ear" ,le=.e"
    2i#$ gre%' #$rus#ing $is /a/%
    gran"sn #2ar"s $is Bee(1
    /egging $im # #a.e $im1 'S a#
    leas# $e 2ill li+e # see In"ia'6 H6
    -6 R6 I%enagar1 Ne$ru's (rin=i(al
    se=re#ar%1 =ame n #2 In"ian
    Arm% lieu#enan#s in a s#a#in
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    2agn ri"ing /e$in" a =lumn
    , 3441444 re,ugees6 T$eir B/1
    #$e% eC(laine"1 2as # l. a,#er
    #$e ne2/rn a,i" #$e "ea"6 @$en
    a 2man 2en# in# la/ur1 #$e%
    2ul" (u# $er in# #$e /a=. ,
    #$eir 2agn 2i#$ a mi"2i,e6
    T$e% 2ul" s#( Bus# lng
    enug$ # all2 $er # "eli+er6
    T$en1 2$en #$e neC# =an"i"a#e
    ,r #$eir im(r+ise" "eli+er%
    rm arri+e"1 #$e m#$er1 nl%
    $urs (er$a(s ,rm "eli+er%1
    2ul" $a+e # #a.e $er ne2/rn
    in,an#1 lea+e #$e 2agn1 an"
    resume $er 2al. # In"ia6
    T$e $uman "e/ris le,# /e$in" /%
    #$se =lumns 2as #erri/le6 T$e
    ,r#%D,i+e miles , ra"si"e ,rm
    I a$re # Amri#sar1 alng 2$i=$
    s man% (asse"1 /e=ame a lng1
    (en gra+e%ar"6 Be,re ging
    "2n i#1 &a(#6 A#.ins 2ul"
    al2a%s s(rin.le a $an".er=$ie,
    2i#$ a,#erDs$a+e l#in an" #ie i#
    arun" $is ,a=e # #em(er #$e
    #erri/le smell6 'E+er% %ar" , #$e
    2a%1' $e remem/ere"1 '#$ere 2as
    a /"%1 sme /u#=$ere"1 sme
    "ea" , =$lera6 T$e +ul#ures
    $a" /e=me s /la#e" /% #$eir
    ,eas#s #$e% =ul" n lnger ,l%1
    an" #$e 2il" "g s "eman"ing
    in #$eir #as#e #$e% a#e nl% #$e
    li+ers , #$e =r(se li##ering #$e
    ra"6'
    Pr#e=#ing #$se =$a#i=
    =lumns1 s(rea" u# +er miles
    , ra an" ,iel"1 2as a
    s#aggering (r/lem6 T$e% 2ere
    li.el% # /e a##a=.e alms#
    an%2$ere alng #$eir mar=$6 As
    al2a%s1 i# 2as #$e Si.# 2$se
    a##a=.s 2ere #$e ms# ,rmi"a/le
    an" #$e ms# sa+age6 T$e 2ul"
    rise in s$rie.ing $r"es ,rm #$e
    sugar =ane an" 2$ea# ,ie. #
    s#ri.e $el(less s#ragglers r #$se
    (ar#s , a =ara+an #$a# 2ei ms#
    +ulnera/le6 L#6 )6 D6 Lai 2ul"
    ne+er ,rge# an l" Msle in a
    =lumn $e 2as es=r#ing #ugging
    #2ar"s Pa.is#an #$e n
    (ssessin $e'" sa+e" ,rm $is
    $mes#ea"1 a ga#1 A "Qen mil
    ,rm #$e ,rn#ier , $is ne2
    $me1 #$e l" man's ga# /egan
    a "a #2ar"s a s#an" , sugar
    =ane6 T$e l" man ,ll2e" in
    ,rani (ursui#6 Su""enl%1 li.e a
    +enge,ul 2rai#$1 a Si.$ rse
    ,rm #$e sug =ane1 /e$ea"e" #$e
    l" man an" ran ,, 2i#$ $is
    ga#6
    O,#en i# ,ell # a $an",ul ,
    $eri= Si.$ arm% ,,i=ers # "e,%
    # sen#imen#s , #$eir 2n (e(le
    /% "e,en"ing $el(less Mslen
    Ou#si"e
    !erQ(re6L#6&L)ur/a.s$
    Sing$ =ame n #$e ms# g$a
    sig$# $e'" e+er seenH #$e =r(ses
    , a Mslem =lumn 2a%lai"
    Si.$s1 /eing "e+ure" /%
    +ul#ures6 He mar=$e" $is #2 Si
    (la#ns # #$e si#e6 He ma"e
    #$em s#an" a# a##en#in in #$e $
    an" s#en=$ 2$ile $e #l" #$emH
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    FT$e Si.$s 2$ "i" #$is "isgrai
    #$eir (e(le6 !r %u # le# i#
    $a((en # #$se un"er %ur
    (r#e=# 2ul" /e an e+en 2rse
    "isgra=e # ur (e(le6'
    Mar=$ing =lumns , re,ugees
    ,#en (asse" ea=$ #$er n
    $ig$2a%s , #$eir eC"us6
    O==asinall% #$eir em/i##ere"
    ==u(s lea(# n ea=$ #$er in a
    las# s(asm , $a#e1 a""ing a ,e2
    +i=#imH #$e #ll ea=$ $a"
    su,,ere"6 Mre rarel%1 a s#range
    ($enmenn 2= ==ur6 Hin"u r
    Mslem (easan#s 2ul" =all #
    ea=$ #$er #$e 3V #ins , #$e
    $mes#ea" #$e%'" ,le"1 urging
    #$se (assing in #$e 43 "ire=#in
    # la% =laim # #$eir lan"s6
    As$2ini *umar1 a %ung (li=e
    ,,i=er1 2ul" al2a%s remen #$e
    sig$# , #2 re,ugee =lumns
    s#reaming "2n #$e )rea# Tr
    Hig$2a% /e#2een Amri#sar an"
    Jullun"ur6 T$ere1 2$ere #$e M
    "nians , AleCan"er #$e )rea#
    an" #$e $r"es , #$e Mg$uls
    #r"1 a line , Mslems ,l2e"
    #2ar"s Pa.is#an1 a line , Hii
    in# In"ia6 T$e% (asse" in eerie
    silen=e6 T$e% "i" n# l. a#
    #$er6 T$e% eC=$ange" n $s#ile
    ges#ures1 n mena=ing glaH
    O==asinall% a =2 es=a(e"
    ,rm ne =lumn # #$e #$er
    ming gall(6 O#$er2ise #$e
    =rea. , 2"en 2$eels1 #$e +
    s$u,,ling , #$usan"s , ,ee#1
    2ere #$e nl% sun"s rising ,r=
    =lumns6 I# 2as as #$ug$1 in #$e
    "e(#$s , #$eir 2n miser%


    THE )REATEST MI)RATION
    IN HISTORY

    ?50

    !REEDOM AT mi"nig$3
    re,ugees in ea=$ =lumn $a"
    ins#in=#i+el% un"ers#" #$e
    miser% , #$se (assing #$e #$er
    2a%6 666 6
    D inSiD
    @$e#$er m+ing eas# r 2es#1
    #$se =lumns all e+en#uall%
    s(ille" in# $uman (ls /% #$e
    ri+er/an.s , #$e #$ree , #$e
    PunBa/'s grea# ri+ers /arring
    #$eir ru#e1 #$e Ra+i1 #$e Su#leB1
    an" #$e Beas6 T$ere1 arun" ea=$
    , #$e ,erries1 =anal $ea"2r.s
    an" /ri"ges ,,ering a ru#e
    a=rss #$e 2a#ers1 #$e% 2ai#e"
    ,r $urs1 sme#imes "a%s1 #
    in,il#ra#e #$e ,l2 , #ra,,i=
    (uring +er #$se $(elessl%
    en=um/ere" (assages6 Es=a(e
    +al+es alng #$e ru#e , &%ril
    Ra"=li,,e's 2an"ering (en=il1
    #$se /ri"ges an" ,erries 2ul"
    /e ,r #en millin In"ians an"
    Pa.is#anis in #$a# a2,ul au#umn
    an en" an" a /eginning1 a (in#
    , #ransi#in ,rm #$e li+es an"
    lan"s #$e%'" le,# /e$in" # #$e
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    un=er#ain "es#inies #2ar"s
    2$i=$ #$e% 2ere ,leeing6
    Ls# in #$e ,a=eless $r"es
    (uring a=rss #$e Su#leB a#
    Suleman.i Hea" ne Se(#em/er
    a,#ernn 2as a s#=.% 54D%earD
    l" %u#$6 He $a" 2i"e1 "ar.
    e%es1 #$i=. li(s glaQe" /% a
    s(arse mus#a=$e1 an" a "ense
    s$=. , Be#D/la=. $air6 I# 2as
    Ma"anlal Pa$2a1 #$e %ung man
    2$'" ,le" in $is =usin's /us
    2$ile $is ,a#$er $a" s#a%e"
    /e$in" 2ai#ing ,r #$e
    aus(i=ius "a#e (i=.e" /% $is
    as#rlger6
    T$e Pa.is#ani sl"iers a# #$e
    2es#ern en" , #$e /ri"ge $a"
    =n,is=a#e" $is /us an"
    e+er%#$ing i# =n#aine"H
    ,urni#ure1 =l#$es1 gl"1 =urren=%1
    (i=#ures , S$i+a6 As millins ,
    #$ers 2ul" #$a# au#umn1
    Ma"anlal 2as en#ering $is ne2
    =un#r% 2i#$u# a =in in $is
    (=.e#1 2i#$ #$e =l#$es $e 2re
    as $is nl% /aggage6 S#e((ing
    ,rm #$e /ri"ge in# In"ia1
    Ma"anlal ,el# 'na.e"1 as i, I'"
    /een ##all% l#e"1 #$r2n n
    #$e ra"'6 Em/i##ere"1 $e +2e"
    #$a# #$e Mslems , In"ia s$ul"
    ,lee as $e $a"1 2i#$u# a sui#=ase
    r a sile" ru(ee n#e # =m,r#
    #$em6
    His angr% ,a=e 2as Bus# an#$er
    in an in"is#inguis$a/le ,l2 ,
    misera/le ,a=es1 ea=$ e#=$e" # a
    =mmn "esign /% =mmn
    su,,ering6 Ye# Ma"anlal 2as a
    man (i=.e" /% #$e s#ars In"ia
    2rs$i((e" # /e se# a(ar# ,rm
    #$se ann%mus ,igures
    s$u,,ling +er #$e /ri"ge 2i#$
    $im6 One "a%1 s$r#l% a,#er $is
    /ir#$1 #$e as#rlgers $a"
    (re"i=#e" $is 2as 'a name #$a#
    2ul" /e .n2n #$rug$u# all
    In"ia'6 His ,a#$er remem/ersH
    T "i" n# n#i=e #$e (s#man
    s#an"ing /esi"e me #$a#
    De=em/er "a% in 375: un#il $e
    s$. me # gi+e me #$e
    #elegram6 I# 2as ,rm m% 2n
    ,a#$er6 A sn $a" /een /rn #
    me #$e (re+ius nig$#6 I $a"
    /e=me = ,a#$er a# #$e %ung age
    , 376 I ga+e sme #i(s # #$e
    (s#man /e=ause $e $a" /rug$#
    me g" ne2s1 an" /ug$# sme
    la"s1 s2ee#s1 ,r m% ,,i=e
    =lleagues6 T$en I $urrie"
    $me6
    '@$en I rea=$e" $me I #u=$e"
    #$e ,ee# , m% ,a#$er as a sigi ,
    res(e=#6 He (u# sugar in m%
    mu#$ /e=ause i# 2as a $a((
    reunin6 I #. #$e =$il" n m%
    la(6 I #$ug$#H FI 2ill gi+e $im #$
    /es# e"u=a#in6 Le# $im /e an
    engineer r a "=#r s #$a# $e
    s$ul /ring a g" name ,r #$e
    ,amil%6F
    'I =alle" #$e learne" (an"i#s an"
    as#rlgers # =$se a name ,V
    $im6 T$e% sai" i# mus# /egin
    2i#$ FMF6 I =$se FMa"anlalF6
    TI as#rlgers s#u"ie" #$eir
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    =$ar#s6 T$e% (r($esie"
    Ma"anlal 2u gr2 u( 2ell6
    One "a%1 #$e% annun=e"1 m%
    sn's 2as a name #$ 2ul" /e
    .n2n #$rug$u# all In"ia6
    'E+il e%es ,ell n me1 $2e+er6
    !r#% "a%s a,#er Ma"anlal +i
    /rn1 m% 2i,e "ie" , a =$ill6
    M% sn 2as /rig$# an"
    mis=$ie+= in $is s=$l"a%s1 /u#
    sl2l% $e /e=ame a (r/lem
    =$il" an" /eB # s$2 re/ellius
    #en"en=ies6 In 37A0 $e ran a2a%
    ,rm ur $i I =n#a=#e" all m%
    .i#$ an" .in #$rug$u# #$e
    PunBa/1 /u# n .ne2 $is
    2$erea/u#s6 A,#er sme
    mn#$s1 I re=ei+e" a le##er1 $a"
    run a2a% # Bm/a% # Bin #$e
    na+%6 @$en $e =ame $ $e
    /egan $is (li#i=al a=#i+i#ies 2i#$
    #$e RSSS1 a##a=.ing #$e N lems6
    I 2as 2rrie" ,r $im6 S in Jul%
    37A8 I 2en# # Del$i #= m%
    ,rien" Sar"ar Tarl. Sing$1 ne
    , #$e se=re#aries , #$e g Pan"i#
    Ne$ru6 I as.e" $im # $el( sa+e
    m% sn ,rm $is e+il ; (anins6
    He agree"6 He (rmise" # sen"
    me a le##er re=mmen m% sn ,r
    #$e ,ines# (si#in I =ul" $a+e
    as.e" ,r $im1 ai (in#men# #
    #$e gra"e , Assis#an# Su/D
    ins(e=#r , Pli=e6'
    Ma"anlal learne" ,rm rela#i+es
    s$r#l% a,#er rea=$ing In"iai #$a#
    $is ,a#$er $a" /een se+erel%
    2un"e" in a #rain am/us! ,un"
    $im in !erQ(re Mili#ar%
    Hs(i#al6 T$ere in #$a# eni 2ar"
    ree.ing , /l" an" an#ise(#i=1
    #$e su,,erings , In"ia sue $a" a
    ,a=e ,r Ma"anlal1 #$a# , $is
    ,a#$er 'all (ale an" #ren =+ere"
    +er /% /an"ages'6
    B% sme mira=le1 #$rug$ #$e
    =$as an" =n,usin , #$e ! #$e
    le##er *as$miri Lai $a" sug$# in
    Del$i $a" rea=$e" $i (resse" i#
    n $is sn6 ) # Del$i1 $e
    /egge"6 S#ar# a ne2 3 'Bin a
    g" g+ernmen# ser+i=e'6
    Ma"anlal #. #$e le##er1 /u# $e
    $a" n in#eres# in Bining
    g+ernmen# ser+i=e6 T$e
    as#rlgers $a" /een rig$#6 I# 2
    /e $is "es#in% # /e=me an
    ann%mus (li=eman ls# i
    (r+in=ial (li=e s#a#in6 His
    2ul" in"ee" /e a name #$a ne
    "a% /e .n2n #$rug$u# all
    In"ia6
    S#e((ing u# , #$a# $s(i#al1 #$e
    +isin , $is mu#ila#e s#ill /e,re
    $im1 ne em#in (er+a"e"
    Ma"anlal1 an em#in ,el# /%
    #$usan"s in In"ia #$a# au#umn6
    I# $a" n#$ing # " 2i#$ Bining
    #$e (li=e6 T 2an# re+enge1'
    Ma"anlal +2e"6
    T$e li,e , -i=.ie Nn1 #$e
    /eau#i,ul Englis$ 2i,e , Sir
    !erQ *$an Nn1 "e(en"e" n
    #$e =n#en#s , a small1 run"1
    #in =an6 I# =n#aine" *i2i
    ma$gan% s$e (lis$6 T$e
    res(i#e -i=.ie $a" ,un" in #$e
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    (ala=e , #$e Hin"u RaBa ,
    Man"i $a" /een s$r#Dli+e"6 T$e
    2$le =un#r%si"e 2as a,#er $er6
    Si.$ /an"s $a" #$rea#ene" #
    .i"na( #$e RaBa's =$il"ren i, $e
    "i" n# #urn $er u#6
    T$e RaBa an" )au#am Sa$gal1 a
    %ung Hin"u =emen#D"ealer $er
    $us/an" $a" sen# # res=ue $er1
    /a#$e" $er in (ermangana#e ,
    (#assium # "ar.en $er s.in6
    N2 #$e% s#aine" $er ,a=e 2i#$
    #$e s$e (lis$ #$a# 2as ging #
    $a+e # =n+in=e an% Si.$ 2$
    en=un#ere" $er in #$e $urs
    a$ea" #$a# s$e 2as an In"ian6 A#
    sunse#1 #$e RaBa's Rlls1 i#s
    =ur#ains "ra2n # gi+e i# a
    m%s#erius air1 2as sen# ra=ing
    u# , #$e (ala=e as a "e=%6
    -i=.ie1 2ra((e" in a sari1 a re"
    #ila. mar. n $er ,re$ea"1 a
    gl" ring a##a=$e" # $er le,#
    ns#ril1 ,ll2e" a ,e2 minu#es
    la#er in )au#am's 37A8 D"ge6
    T$a# ,irs# maneu+re 2as a
    su==ess6 As $er #ensin ease"1
    -i=.ie $a" # s#( ,r a =all ,
    na#ure6 I# 2as (uring 2i#$ rain
    an" in #$e "ar.ness #$e =an ,
    s$e (lis$ su""enl% #um/le"
    ,rm #$e un,amiliar ,l"s , $er
    sari6 Lis#ening # i# rlling a2a%
    n #$e (e//les in $er ra"si"e
    "i#=$1 -i=.ie grane"6 T$e
    las$ing mun#ain rain 2as
    2as$ing a2a% $er "isguise6 S$e
    2as /e=ming ei#$er a Qe/ra r
    an easil% i"en#i,ia/le 2$i#e
    2man6 T$a# =an 2as $er nl%
    $(e , re#rea#ing /a=. in# #$e
    "ar. ann%mi#% #$a# =ul" sa+e
    $er6 &ursing1 s$e gr(e" in #$e
    "ar.ness amng #$e (e//les an"
    /ram/les l.ing ,r i#6 !inall%1
    2i#$ a s$rie.1 s$e ,un" i#6
    &lu#=$ing #$e =an as #$ug$ i#
    =n#aine" "iamn"s1 s$e rus$e"
    # #$e =ar 2$ere Sa$gal smeare"
    a ne2 =a# , (lis$ n $er ,a=e6
    Jus# s$r# , )ur"as(ur #$e =ar
    ran in# a ra"/l=. manne" /%
    a /an" , Si.$s6 T$e%
    surrun"e" #$e =ar6 Sa$gal
    s(##e" a =emen# mer=$an# 2i#$
    2$m $e'" "ne /usiness6
    '@$a#'s ging n?' Sa$gal as.e"6
    FT$e Englis$ 2i,e , !erQ
    *$an Nn $as es=a(e" ,rm
    #$e Ma$araBa , Man"i1' #$e man
    eC(laine"6 E+er% Si.$ in #$e
    =un#r%si"e 2as l.ing ,r $er6
    A$1 sai" Sa$gal1 $e'" (asse" #$e
    RaBa's Rlls #2en#% miles u( #$e
    ra"6 He 2as ging # Amri#sar
    2i#$ $is (regnan# 2i,e6 T$e man
    (eere" in# #$e =ar6 As $e "i" s1
    -i=.ie (ra%e" ,r #$e e,,i=a=% ,
    $er s$e (lis$ an" #$a# #$e Si.$
    2ul"n'# a""ress $er in Hin"i6
    He s#are" a# $er 2i#$ =urius
    e%es6 T$en $e (ulle" /a=. an"
    2a+e" #$em #$rug$ #$e
    ra"/l=.6 As #$eir =ar rlle" ,,
    #2ar"s In"ia Arm%
    Hea"'uar#ers an" sa,e#%1 -i=.ie
    san. /a=. n # $er sea
    A/sen#min"e"l% s$e /egan #
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    #a( #$e li" , $er s$e (lis$ =an
    2i $er ,ingernail6 S$e #urne" #
    $er =m(anin6
    'Yu .n21 )au#am1' s$e sai"
    2i#$ a smile1 'm% $us/an" 2
    ne+er /u% me a Be2el I'll #reasure
    as mu=$ as #$is #in =an6'
    -i=.ie Nn's eC(erien=e 2as
    unusual6 S$e $a" /een #$e #arge#
    #$e Si.$s' $a#re"1 n# /e=ause
    s$e 2as Englis$ /u# /e=ause s$e
    + marrie" # a (rminen#
    Mslem6 T$e Englis$ 2ere
    rarel% mles in #$a# #em(es#uus
    au#umn6 During #$e 2rs# 2ee.s
    , Aug an" Se(#em/er1 !ale##i's
    H#el in La$re remaine" an
    asis in eC(l"ing PunBa/1 i#s
    r=$es#ra (la%ing ,r "an=ing
    e+er% niB Englis$men an" la"ies
    in "inner Ba=.e# an" e+ening
    "ress si(T ==.#ails n i#s mnD
    li# #erra=e nl% /l=.s a2a% ,rm
    #$e gu ruins , a Hin"u
    neig$/ur$"6
    An" %e#1 , all #$e $un"re"s ,
    re,ugee =lumns s#rea.ing ,a=e
    , #$e PunBa/ #$a# au#umn1 #$e
    ms# in=ngruus 2as Hin"u1
    Si.$ r Mslem1 /u# Bri#is$6
    T2 /uses guar"e" /% a = (an%
    , )ur.$a sl"iers =arrie"
    "Qens , el"erl% re#ire" Bri#is
    a2a% ,rm #$a# isla#e" an"
    se=lu"e" $a+en # 2$i=$ #$e%'"
    re# Simla6 In =$arming "ar.D
    /eame" li##le =##ages =alle"
    'Trail's 3 'Sa,e Ha+en' an" 'Mn
    Re(s'1 #$eir ,a=a"es enli+ene"
    /% rar rses an" +ile#s1 #$e% $a"
    =$sen # en" #$eir li+es alng
    #$a# ri"ge 2$i=$ $a" s%m/liQe"
    s 2ell #$e RaB #$e%'" ser+e"6
    Ma #$em $a" /een /rn in In"ia
    an" .ne2 n #$er $me6 T$e%
    #$e re#ire" Rmans , #$e RaB1
    eCD=lnels , #$e /es# regime
    #$e In"ian Arm%1 ,rmer Bu"ges
    an" senir ,,i=ers , #$; 2$'"
    n=e a"minis#ere" #$e li+es ,
    millins , In"ians6
    T$e% an" #$eir 2i+es $a" $a"
    li##le mre #ime in 2$i=$ # (T
    #$eir ,lig$# #$an #$e "es(era#e
    PunBa/is n #$e (lains /el26
    Simla's si#ua#in $a"
    "e#erira#e" s$ar(l% #$e /uses
    $a" /ee # /ring #$em # Del$i
    an" sa,e#%6 T$e%'" /een gi+en an
    $ (a=. a sui#=ase1 =lse #$eir
    /ungal2s an" /ar" #$eir /us6
    !a% &am(/ellDJ$nsn1 #$e 2i,e
    , Mun#/a##en's (ress a r"e
    "2n # Del$i 2i#$ #$em6
    Ine+i#a/l%1 ms# , #$e Engl n
    #$e /us 2ere +er 906 Li.e ms#
    men , #$eir age1 #$e%6s ,rm a
    =mmn a,,li=#in1 2ea.
    /la""ers6 E+er% #2 $urs #/
    s#((e" an" #$e men ###ere"
    u#6 @a#=$ing #$se l" mi $a"
    n=e rule" In"ia urina#ing /% #$e
    ra"si"e un"er #$e si+e1 /rnQe
    s#ares , #$eir )ur.$a guar"s1 a
    s#range %e# ingl% a((r(ria#e
    #$ug$# ,las$e" a=rss !a%
    &am(/ellDJ min"6
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    I#s 2ner1 )6 D6 Birla1 2as #$e
    (a#riar=$al $ea" , ne , In"ia's
    #2 grea# in"us#rial ,amilies1 a
    mne#ar% Mg$ul 2$se arra%
    , in#eres#s in=lu"e" #eC#ile
    ,a=#ries1 insuran=e1 /an.s1
    ru//er1 an" manu,a=#uring6
    Des(i#e #$e ,a=# #$a# )an"$i $a"
    rganiQe" In"ian la/ur's ,irs#
    s#ri.e in ne , $is mills1 $e $a"
    /een ne , )an"$i's earlies#
    ,ll2ers6 He 2as ne , #$e
    (rin=i(al ,inan=ial su((r#ers ,
    #$e &ngress Par#%6 N2 $e
    ,,ere" #$e Ma$a#ma ,ur rms
    in ne , #$e #2 2ings , $is
    (ala#ial es#a#e6 I# 2ul" /e #$e
    ms# elegan# si#e in 2$i=$
    )an"$i $a" li+e" sin=e $is re#urn
    # In"ia6 I# 2ul" als /e #$e
    las#6
    T$e =a(i#al , In"ia /e%n"
    )an"$i's ne2 a/"e =n#inue" #
    reel 2i#$ +ilen=e6 T$ere 2ere
    s man% un=lle=#e" =r(ses
    li##ering #$e =i#% #$a# ne
    (li=eman remar.e" i# 2as 'n
    lnger (ssi/le # "is#inguis$
    /e#2een a "ea" man1 a $rse r a
    /u,,al'6 A# #$e mrgue1 #$e
    eCas(era#e" =rner (r#es#e"
    a/u# #$e insis#en=e , #$e (li=e
    #$a# $e =n#inue # ,ill u# (r(er
    /ureau=ra#i= ,rms ,r ea=$ ,
    #$e /"ies (uring in# $is
    es#a/lis$men#6 F@$% " #$e
    (li=e ma.e me eCamine ea=$ ,
    #$em ,r F=ause , "ea#$F ?' $e
    (r#es#e"6 'An%/"% =an see
    2$a# $a((ene" # #$em6'
    !in"ing (e(le # $an"le #$e
    =r(ses li##ering #$e s#ree#s 2as
    "i,,i=ul# /e=ause , In"ia's =as#e
    an" religius #a/s6 One "a%
    E"2ina Mun#/a##en an" $er
    $us/an"'s na+al ai"e1 L#6D&m"r6
    Pe#er H2es1 (asse" a /la#e"
    =r(se in #$e =en#re , Ne2
    Del$i6 S$e #l" H2es # s#(
    an" 2a+e" a (assing #ru=. # a
    $al#6 I#s Hin"u "ri+er l.e" a#
    #$e =r(se1 as a =as#e Hin"u1 an"
    re,use" # #u=$ i#6 Un(er#ur/e"1
    In"ia's las# -i=ereine (i=.e" i# u(
    $ersel, 2i#$ H2es's $el( an"
    la"e" i# in# #$e #ru=.6
    'N21' s$e r"ere" #$e
    as#nis$e" "ri+er1 '#a.e $im #
    #$e mrgue6'
    Del$i's Mslems1 ms# , 2$m
    n2 2an#e" # ,lee # Pa.is#an1
    2ere assem/le" in a series ,
    re,ugee =am(s 2$ere #$e% =ul"
    2ai# in rela#i+e sa,e#% ,r
    #rans(r#a#in # Mr Jinna$'s
    Prmise" Lan"6 &ruel irn%1
    #$se Mslems 2ere $er"e" in#
    #2 magni,i=en# mnumen#s ,
    #$a# /rie, era 2$en #$eir Mg$ul
    ,re/ears $a" ma"e Del$i #$e
    ms# s(len"i" =i#% in #$e 2rl"1
    Huma%un's Tm/ an" #$e Purana
    Lila ;l" ,r#<6 Be#2een 3041444
    # 5441444 (e(le 2ere ging #
    li+e in #$se reli=s , Islam's
    an=ien# gran"eur in =n"i#ins ,
    in"es=ri/a/le ,il#$ 2i#$u#
    s$el#er ,rm #$e sun r #$e
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    mnsn's =a#ara=#s6 S #erri,ie"
    2ere #$se 2re#=$es /% #$e
    #$ug$# , lea+ing #$eir
    (r#e=#i+e 2alls #$a# #$e% re,use"
    # +en#ure u# e+en # /ur% #$eir
    "ea"6 Ins#ea"1 #$e% #$re2 #$em
    ,rm #$e ram(ar#s # #$e Ba=.als6
    Ini#iall%1 #$e Purana Lila $a" #2
    2a#er #a(s ,r 501444 Be(le6
    One +isi#r n#e" i's inma#es
    "e,e=a#ing an" +mi#ing in #$e
    same (l , 2a#er in 2$i=$
    2men 2ere 2as$ing #$eir
    =.ii (#s6
    Sani#a#in 2as /% (en la#rine1
    an" #$e =ns#rain#s , In"$
    s=ie#% remaine" in +igur6
    Des(i#e #$e gr2ing ,il#$1 #$e
    re,uge in Purana Lila re,use" #
    =lean #$eir la#rines6 A# #$e $eig$#
    , Del$ #ru/les #$e Emergen=%
    &mmi##ee $a" # sen" 344
    Hin"u s2ee(# un"er arme"
    guar" in# #$e ,r# # (er,rm #$e
    =$res i#s MslV inma#es re,use"
    # =arr% u#6>
    An#$er , Del$i's =urses1 i#s
    /ureau=ra=%1 remaine" unmU /%
    #$e =a#as#r($e6 @$en #$e
    re,ugees in Huma%un's Tm/ /eB
    # "ig a""i#inal la#rines1 a
    re(resen#a#i+e , #$e Ne2 Del$i
    & missiner's O,,i=e (rm(#l%
    (r#es#e" /e=ause '#$e% 2ere
    s(il #$e /eau#% , #$e la2ns'6
    Ine+i#a/l%1 =$lera /r.e u#6
    SiC#% (e "ie" , #$e "rea"
    "isease in ,r#%Deig$# $urs a#
    Purana Lila6r Heal#$ De(ar#men#
    =$se # gi+e #$e =ause , #$eir
    "ea#$ as 'gasl en#eri#is' # =+er
    #$eir ,ailure # (r+i"e serum in
    #ime6 @$en "e(ar#men#'s
    re(resen#a#i+e ,inall% arri+e"1 $e
    /rug$# ?58 /a#e , serum an"
    n nee"les r s%ringes6
    Des(i#e #$ese (r/lems1 #$e
    e,,r#s , #$e Emergen=% &mmi
    se# u( /% Mun#/a##en1 Ne$ru
    an" Pa#el /egan # /e ,el#6 -
    #r( rein,r=emen#s in #$e =i#%1
    a 5AD$ur =ur,e2 2as (r=laiH
    an" a series , arms sear=$es
    =arrie" u#6 )ra"uall%1 #$e #i"
    +ilen=e /egan # e//6
    T$e r"eal , #$se "a%s /rug$#
    Luis Mun#/a##en Ja2a$arlal
    Ne$ru e+en =lser #ge#$er6
    Ne$ru me# 2i#$ #$e -i=er% #2
    r #$ree #imes a "a%T ,#en1 as
    Mun#/a##en n#e #$e #ime1
    'sim(l% an" slel% ,r =m(an%1
    # un/ur"en $is sul /#ain 2$a#
    =m,r# I =an gi+e $im'6
    Sme#imes Ne$ru 2 2ri#e #
    $im1 /eginningH 'I "n'# .n2
    2$% I am 2ri#ing #$is I eC=e(#
    #$a# I ,eel I mus# 2ri#e #
    smene # ge# m% #ru/les l
    =$es#6'
    T$e In"ian lea"er "r+e $imsel,
    2i#$u# (i#% "uring #$a# (e In a
    ,e2 mn#$s $e 2en#1 ne , $is
    ,emale a"mirers n#e"1'
    > T$ere 2ere #$er1 similar
    in=i"en#s else2$ere6 In Pa.is#an1
    #$e Hin"i Si.$s in a re,ugee
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    =am( =m(laine" /i##erl% #
    #$eir Mslem guar"s #$V 2ere
    /eing ,r=e" # li+e in ,il#$
    /e=ause #$ere 2ere n
    Un#u=$a/les # =le #$eir
    la#rines6 In *ara=$i1 Jinna$'s
    =a(i#al1 #$e =i#%'s sani#a#in an"
    =leaning ser+i=es /egan #
    =lla(se /e=ause , #$e ,lig$# ,
    Hin"u Un#u= T =$e=. #$e
    $aemrr$age #$e =i#%'s Mslem
    a"minis#ra#rs (r=laime" #
    #u=$a/les 2$a# #$e% al2a%s $a"
    /een in Hin"u s=ie#%1 a (e(le
    a(ar#1 , ma.ing #$em (aria$s1
    $2e+er1 #$e% ma"e #$em a
    (ri+ilege" se=#6 T$i all2e" #
    "is#inguis$ #$emsel+es /%
    2earing green an" 2$i#e
    arm/an"s # #$se , #$e
    Mslem Na#inal )uar"6 T$e
    (li=e 2ere gi+en rigrusH #ins
    # (r#e=# an%ne 2earing #$se
    arm/an"s6


    l.ing li.e a ??D%earDl"
    T%rne P2er # a man 2$'"
    s(en# #$ree %ears in Belsen'6 His
    se=re#ar%1 H6 -6 R6 I%enagar1
    =aug$# $im ne "a%1 $is $ea" n
    $is =$es#1 =a#=$ing ,i+e minu#es'
    slee(6
    'I'm eC$aus#e"1' Ne$ru sai"6 T
    slee( nl% ,i+e $urs a nig$#6
    )" I 2is$ I =ul" slee( siC6
    H2 man% " %u slee( ?' $e
    as.e"6
    'Se+en r eig$#1' 2as $is
    se=re#ar%'s re(l%6
    Ne$ru l.e" a# $im 2i#$ a
    grima=e6 'A# #imes li.e #$is1' $e
    sai" 'siC $urs is essen#ial6 Se+en
    is a luCur%6 Eig$# is a (si#i+e
    +i=e6'
    !r )an"$i in Birla Huse #$e
    "imensins , Del$i's +ilen=e
    2ere a sur(rise an" a s$=.6 T$e
    man 2$ $a" ((se" Pa.is#an
    s reslu#el% 2ul" n2 re(la=e
    Jinna$ as #$e i"l , #$e
    Mslems 2$'" /een le,# /e$in"
    in In"ia6 As sn as )an"$i
    arri+e" in Del$i1 a s#ream ,
    Mslem "elega#ins ,l"e"
    Birla Huse1 #$eir lea"ers
    =a#alguing #$e ills #$e%'"
    su,,ere" a# Si.$ an" Hin"u
    $an"s1 /egging )an"$i #
    remain in #$e =a(i#al1 /lin"l%
    =er#ain $is (resen=e 2ul"
    guaran#ee #$eir sa,e#%6 S#unne"1
    #$e Ma$a#ma argee" n# '# lea+e
    Del$i ,r #$e PunBa/ un#il i# $as
    n=e again /e=me i#s ,rmer
    (ea=e,ul sel,'6
    )an"$i 2as ne+er mre ,ai#$,ul
    # #$e i"eals /% 2$i=$ $e'" li+e"1
    ne+er mre 2$ll% =nsis#en# #
    #$e message $e'" (rea=$e"1 #$an
    in #$a# sa" #2ilig$# , $is ,i,e6
    &n,rn#e" 2i#$ #$e =a#a=l%sm
    $e'" (re"i=#e"1 $e =lung # #$e
    (rin=i(les #$a# $a" sus#aine" $im
    sin=e Su#$ A,ri=aH l+e1 nnD
    +ilen=e1 #ru#$1 a /elie, in #$e
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    )" , all Man.in"6 T$eir
    rele+an=e # )an"$i $a" n#
    =$ange"1 $is ,ai#$ in #$em
    remaine" in#a=#6 @$a# $a"
    =$ange" 2as In"ia6
    T (rea=$ l+e an" nnD+ilen=e
    # In"ia's masses as a means ,
    ((sing $er Bri#is$ rulers $a"
    /een ne #$ingH # (rea=$ l+e
    an" ,rgi+eness # men 2$'"
    2i#nesse" #$e massa=re , #$eir
    =$il"ren1 #$e ra(e , #$eir 2i+esT
    # 2men 2$'" $a" #$eir
    rela#i+es' #$ra#s =u# /e,re #$eir
    e%esT # (e(le "es(airing in #$e
    ##ali#% , #$eir lssT 2as
    sme#$ing else6 )an"$i
    "es(era#el% /elie+e" in #$e
    +ali"i#% , $is message as #$e
    nl% es=a(e ,rm #$e =%=le ,
    $a#re"6 Bu# i# 2as a message ,r
    sain#s1 an" #$ere 2ere ,e2 sain#s
    in #$e re,ugee =am(s , In"ia
    #$a# au#umn6
    Des(i#e $is un=er#ain $eal#$1
    )an"$i 2en# ea=$ "a% # #$se
    =am(s1 #r%ing sme$2 # rea=$
    #$eir em/i##ere" inma#es =r%ing
    ,r +engean=e6 'Tell us1 O a(s#le
    , nnD+ilen=e1' s=reame" #$e
    in$a/i#an#s , ne1 '$2 are 2e
    # eCis#? Yu #ell us # gi+e u(
    ur arms1 /u# in #$e PunBa/ #$e
    Mslems .ill Hin"us a# sig$#6 D
    %u 2an# us # /e /u#=$ere" li.e
    s$ee(?'
    'I, all #$e PunBa/is 2ere # "ie #
    #$e las# man 2i#$u# .illing1'
    )an"$i re(lie"1 '#$e PunBa/
    2ul" /e=me immr#al6' As $e
    $a" =unselle" #$e E#$i(ians1
    #$e Je2s1 #$e &Qe=$s an" #$e
    Bri#i $e n2 =unselle" $is
    enrage" Hin"u =un#r%menH
    'O,,er %u as nnD+ilen#1
    2illing sa=ri,i=es6'
    His ans2er 2as a =$rus ,
    u#rage" Beers an" 'g # #$e I
    an" see ,r %ursel,6 His
    re=e(#in in #$e Mslem =am(s
    2as n /e##er1 "es(i#e $is
    a=$ie+emen#s in &al=u##a6 A#
    ne1 a man an r($ane" 5D
    mn#$Dl" /a/% a# $im6 Tears in
    $is e%es1 ) =ul" nl% =nsle
    #$e Mslems l.ing n /%
    sa%ingH 'DiV )"'s name n %ur
    li(s i, ne=essar%1 /u# " n# lse
    $ear# #nis$e"1 #$e Mslems in
    #$eir #urn Beere" a# $im6
    @$en $e "r+e unes=r#e" in#
    Purana Lila =am(1 a m Mslem
    re,ugees s2irle" arun" $is =ar1
    =ursing $im6 Smene _ (en i#s
    "r6 Un(er#ur/e"1 $e s#e((e"
    u# , #$e =ar in# mi"s#6 His
    +i=e 2as s 2ea. ,rm #$e ,as#
    #$a# smene $ re(ea# $is 2r"s
    as $e a""resse" #$e angr% =r2"6
    T$ere 2as n "i,,eren=e as ,ar as
    $e 2as =n=erne"1 $e '/e#2een
    Hin"u1 Mslem1 &$ris#ian an"
    Si.$6 All are ne # T$e re2ar"
    ,r #$a# ,ra#ernal message 2as an
    u#rage" rar , (i ,rm #$e
    Mslems arun" $im6
    An" %e# n#$ing 2ul" enrage
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    man% Hin"us #$a# au#umn asH as
    $is sli=i#u"e ,r #$e Mslem
    +i=#ims , #$eir +ilen=e1 $is i
    en=e #$a# (ain an" su,,ering
    .ne2 n religin1 an" a Ms
    2un"s =ul" /e as grie+us as
    a Hin"u's6 T$e Mira=le , &al
    $a" 2n #$e li##le man #$e
    gra#i#u"e , man% an In"ian
    Mslen i# als se# man% a Hin"u
    $ear# agains# $im6
    )an"$i 2as n# a man #
    =m(rmise 2i#$ #$e em#ins U
    2ere s#irre" u( /% $is ,i"eli#% #
    $is 2n /elie,s6 He $a" al miCe"
    &$ris#ian an" Hin"u $%mns1
    rea"ings ,rm #$e *ran1 #$e
    Ne2 an" Ol" Tes#amen# 2i#$
    #$se , #$e )ITA a# $is (i
    mee#ings1 an" "es(i#e #$e #ensin
    $e 2en# n rea"ing ,rm #$e * a#
    $is mee#ings in Del$i6
    Su""enl% ne a,#ernn a
    ,urius +i=e in $is assem/l% =
    u#H 'Our m#$ers an" sis#ers
    2ere ra(e"1 ur (e(le .ille" #
    3 +erses6' ')an"$i Mur"a/a" D
    Dea#$ # )an"$i1' an#$er V
    s$rie.e"6 T$e res# , #$e
    au"ien=e Bine" in #$e u(rar6
    T$ere (an"emnium6 S#unne"1
    )an"$i 2as una/le # g n6 He
    s$u#e" "2n6 @$a# #$e Bri#is$
    an" #$e Bers , Su#$ A $a"
    ne+er /een a/le # a=$ie+e1
    )an"$i's 2n =un#r%men su==e
    in "ing6 !r #$e ,irs# #ime in $is
    li,e1 )an"$i 2as una/le # =m a
    (u/li= (ra%er mee#ing6
    !r Ma"anlal Pa$2a1 #$e %ung
    man 2$se name 2ul" ne /e
    .n2n #$rug$u# all In"ia1 #$e
    ra" # re+enge /egan "=#r's
    ,,i=e6 T$e ,,i=e 2as l=a#e" in
    #$e =i#% , )2alir1 37A miles
    su#$Deas# , Del$i1 #$e =a(i#al
    , #$e s#a#e 2$se ma$araBa $a"
    /een a""i=#e" # ele=#ri= #rains6
    @i#$ $is /al"1 $ig$D"me" $ea"
    an" ##$less smile1 #$e
    $me(a#$is# 2$ ==u(ie" #$a#
    ,,i=e /re an eerie resem/lan=e
    # )an"$i6 Dr Da##a#ra%a
    Par=$ure 2as ,amus #$rug$u#
    )2alir ,r $is si#a ($ala"i1 a
    na#ure =ure , =ar"amm see"s1
    nins1 /am/ s(ru#s1 sugar
    an" $ne% 2i#$ 2$i=$ $e #rea#e"
    /rn=$i#is an" (neumnia6
    He 2as ,amus ,r sme#$ing
    else as 2ell6 I# 2as n# a =$es#
    =m(lain# #$a# $a" /rug$#
    Ma"anlal # $is ,,i=e6
    Par=$ure's real (assin 2as
    (li#i=s6 He 2as #$e lea"er , #$e
    Hin"u eC#remis# rganiQa#in1
    #$e RSSS1 in )2alir6
    An an#iDMslem ,ana#i=1
    Par=$ure main#aine" a (ri+a#e
    arm% , 3444 ,ll2ers 2i#$
    2$i=$1 as $e 2ul" la#er /as#1
    $e 2ul" "ri+e 941444 Mslems
    ,rm In"ia6 Ms# , #$e siCDanna
    ,ees $e =lle=#e" ,rm $is
    (a#ien#s an" , #$e (li#i=al
    ,un"s $e raise" 2en# #
    (ur=$asing =lu/s1 .ni+es1 #iger
    =la2s an" ,irearms ,r $is li##le
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    arm%6 He 2as al2a%s n #$e
    l.u# ,r ne2 re=rui#s1 an" #$is
    s#=.% re,ugee 2i#$ $is $a#re" ,
    #$e Mslems an" $is eC(erien=e
    in #$e RSSS seeme" an i"eal
    =an"i"a#e6 Par=$ure (rmise"
    Ma"anlal a =$an=e # sa+ur #$e
    +engean=e $e sug$#6 In re#urn
    ,r allegian=e1 #$e $me(a#$
    ,,ere" Ma"anlal ,"1 l"ging
    an" all #$e Mslems $e =ul"
    .ill6
    Ma"anlal a==e(#e"6 !r #$e neC#
    mn#$ $e (era#e" in ne ,
    Par=$ure's '=mman"s'1
    slaug$#ering $el(less Mslems
    ,leeing ,rm B$(al # Del$i
    eCa=#i% as Mslems $a" #rie" #
    slaug$#er $is ,a#$er in Pa.is#an6
    '@e 2ai#e" a# #$e s#a#in1'
    Ma"anlal 2ul" re=all6 '@e
    s#((e" #$e #rain6 @e g# n
    /ar"6 @e mur"ere" #$em6'
    T$eir a=#i+i#ies /e=ame s
    /la#an# #$a# #$e% in=urre" Del$i's
    2ra#$6 )an"$i $imsel,
    "enun=e" #$em a# a (ra%er
    mee#ing6 )2alir's Hin"u
    Ma$araBa ,inall% =unselle"
    Par=$ure # rein in $is men6
    !rus#ra#e"1 Ma"anlal le,# ,r
    Bm/a%6 He 2as /eginning #
    enB% #$e li,e , a (r,essinal
    re,ugee6 T$is #ime1 $2e+er1
    $e'" "e=i"e" i# 2as $is #urn #
    (la% #$e lea"er's rle6 He
    regis#ere" in a re,ugee =am( an"
    rganiQe" a /an" , ,i,#% %ung
    ,ll2ers6 T$en $e m+e" in#
    a=#in6
    '@e 2ul" g e+er% "a% #
    Bm/a% # #$e Mslem 'uar#er6
    @e 2ul" en#er a $#el1 #$e /es#1
    r"er a /ig meal1 #$ings I'" ne+er
    ea#en /e,re6 T$en1 2$en #$e%
    as.e" ,r mne%1 2e 2ul" sa%
    2e $a" nne1 2e 2ere re,ugees6
    I, #$e% "i"n'# li.e i# 2e 2ul"
    /ea# #$em an" /rea. #$ings6
    'O#$er #imes 2e 2ul" /ea#
    Mslems in #$e s#ree# an" #a.e
    #$eir mne%6 Or 2e 2ul" #a.e
    #$e #ra%s , Mslem +en"rs an"
    sell #$ings n #$em ursel+es6
    E+er% nig$# a# #$e =am( m+ /%s
    2 re(r# # me an" gi+e me
    2$a# #$e% $a" #a.en6 I 2ul"
    "i+i"e I# 2as a g" li,e6 Sl2l%1
    I 2as ge##ing 2eal#$%6'
    Sn Ma"anlal 2as ,r=e" #
    Bus#i,% $is rig$# # lea"ers$i(
    a=#ins mre su/s#an#ial #$an
    (e##% #$e,#6 A# #$e Mslem
    ,es#i+a Bairam $e #. #2
    ,ll2ers an" #$ree $an"D
    grena"es an" se# ,r #$e =i#% ,
    A$me"nagar1 3?5 miles a2a%6
    T$ere #$e% #$ #$eir grena"es a# a
    (assing Mslem (r=essin6 As
    #$e% eC(.C Ma"anlal "as$e"
    "2n #$e =i#%'s un,amiliar
    alle%2a%s1 l.ing a (la=e #
    $i"e ,r a ,e2 $urs6 Su""enl%1
    ,la#ing ,rm a /ale n #$e ,irs#
    ,lr , a "ila(i"a#e" $#el =alle"
    #$e De==an ) Huse1 $e sa2 a
    ,amiliar /Be=#1 #$e s2as#i.aD
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    s#am(e" n (ennan# , #$e
    RSSS6 He ran insi"e6
    'Hi"e me1' $e sai"1 /urs#ing in#
    #$e $#el .ee(er's ,,i=e1 Bus#
    #$r2n a /m/ a# a Mslem
    (r=essin!'
    Sea#e" a# $is "es. in #$e ,,i=e
    2as #$e l=al lea"er , #$e R #$e
    (u"g% ?8D%earDl" 2ner , #$e
    De==an )ues# Huse1 -iH
    *ar.are6 *ar.are lea(# u( an"
    #$re2 $is arms in# #$e air
    ges#ure , #$an.sgi+ing6 T$en1
    (ening #$em 2i"e1 $e ga#$ere
    #$e %ung /m/D#$r2er in a
    ,ra#ernal em/ra=e6 !r Ma"anlal
    ra" # re+enge 2ul" n lnger
    /e a sli#ar% ne6
    Ne2 Del$i1 5 O=#/er 37A8
    An in"e(en"en# In"ia an" #$e
    2rl" alng 2i#$ i# =ele/ra#e>
    se+en#%Deig$#$ /ir#$"a% , #$e
    grea#es# In"ian ali+e6 B% #$e
    #$us #elegrams1 le##ers an"
    messages ,l"e" )an"$i's sui#e
    a# Birla H /ringing #$e Ma$a#ma
    #$e a,,e=#ina#e $mage , $is
    (e(. $is ,rien"s arun" #$e
    2rl"6 A (r=essin , re,ugees
    an" H Si.$ an" Mslem lea"ers
    ,l2e" #$rug$ $is rm1
    (la=ing 3 ,ee# #$eir ,,erings ,
    ,l2ers1 ,rui#s an" s2ee#s6
    Ne$ru1 Pa#el1 Mun#/a##en1
    minis#ers1 ne2smen1 "i(lma#s1
    ga+e #$e "a% #$eir (resen=e #$e
    s#am( , a na#inal $li"a%6
    T$ere 2as n $li"a% s(iri# in
    )an"$i's 'uar#ers1 $2e+er1 ,
    $is +isi#rs 2as s#ru=. /% #$e
    ($%si=al 2ea.ness , In"ia's 3
    lea"er1 an" a/+e all /% #$e
    (r,un" melan=$l% "am(enii
    usuall% =$eer,ul s(iri#6 T$e man
    2$ $a" n=e +2e" $e li+e #
    /e 350 %ears /e=ause #$a# 2as
    #$e #ime nee"e" /% a s , nnD
    +ilen=e # ,ul,il $is missin1
    $a" "e=i"e" # mar. #$e (H ,
    an#$er %ear in $is li,e /%
    (ra%ing1 ,as#ing1 an" s(en"ing n
    $is "a% a# $is /el+e" s(inningD
    2$eel6 He 2an#e" $is /ii
    =ele/ra#in # /e a =ele/ra#in ,
    #$a# (rimi#i+e "e+i=e an" #$e'

    i# s#" ,r1 #$e +ir#ues an
    in"e(en"en# In"ia 2as $as#ening
    # ,rge# in sa+ager% an"
    +ilen=e6
    @$% 2as e+er%ne s$2ering
    =ngra#ula#ins n $im1 $e as.e"
    $is e+ening (ra%er mee#ing6 I#
    2ul" $a+e /een mre
    a((r(ria#e '# ,,er
    =n"len=es'6
    'Pra%1' $e #l" $is ,ll2ers1 '#$a#
    #$e (resen# =n,lagra#in en"s r
    He #a.es me a2a%6 I " n# 2is$
    an#$er /ir#$"a% # +er#a.e me
    in an In"ia in ,lames6'
    '@e $a" gne # $im in ela#in1'
    -alla/$/$ai Pa#el's "aug$#er
    n#e" in $er "iar% #$a# "a%1 '2e
    re#urne" $me 2i#$ $ea+%
    $ear#s6'
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    T$e ra"i , in"e(en"en# In"ia
    $nure" $is /ir#$"a% #$a#
    e+ening 2i#$ a s(e=ial
    (rgramme6 )an"$i "i" n# e+en
    lis#en6 He (re,erre" ins#ea"
    sli#u"e an" $is s(inningD2$eel1
    $earing in i#s 2$ir #$e
    murmuring , '#$e s#ill1 sa"
    musi= , $umani#%'6
    T$e PunBa/1 Se(#em/erDO=#/er
    37A8
    T$e #rage"ies , (ar#i#in 2ul"
    n#6$a+e /een =m(le#e $a" #$e%
    n# /een a==m(anie"1 as e+er%
    =n,li=# sin=e #$e "a2n ,
    $is#r%1 /% an u#(uring ,
    seCual sa+ager%6 Nearl% all ,
    #$e a#r=i#ies =ursing #$e
    un$a((% (r+in=e 2ere
    em/ellis$e" /% #$eir rg% ,
    ra(e6 Tens , #$usan"s F, girls
    an" 2men 2ere seiQe" ,rm
    re,ugee =lumns1 ,rm =r2"e"
    #rains1 ,rm isla#e" +illages1 in
    #$e ms# 2i"es=ale .i"na((ing
    , m"ern #imes6
    I, #$e% 2ere Si.$ r Hin"u1 a
    2man's a/"u=#in 2as usuall%
    ,ll2e" /% a religius
    =eremn%1 a ,r=e" =n+ersin #
    ma.e a girl 2r#$% , $er
    Mslem =a(#r's $me r $arem6
    San#s$ Nan"lal1 a 39D%earDl"
    Hin"u1 #$e "aug$#er , a la2%er
    near #$e Pa.is#an =i#% ,
    Mian2ali1 2as #a.en a,#er $er
    .i"na((ing # #$e $me , #$e
    +illage ma%r6
    >I 2as sla((e" a ,e2 #imes1' s$e
    remem/ere"1 '#$en sme/"%
    arri+e" 2i#$ a (ie=e , /ee, #$e%
    ,r=e" me # ea#6 I# 2as
    a#r=ius6 I $a" ne+er ea#en mea#
    in m% li,e6 E+er%ne laug$e"6 I
    /egan # =r%6 A mulla$ arri+e"
    an" re=i#e" a ,e2 +erses , #$e
    *ran 2$i=$ $e ,r=e" me #
    re(ea# a,#er $im6'
    T$en $e ga+e $er a ne2 name6
    San#s$ /e=ame 'Alla$ Ra.i$ D
    S$e 2$m )" $as sa+e"'6 T$e
    girl )" $a" sa+e" 2as ,,ere"
    a# au=#in # #$e +illage males6
    Her (ur=$aser 2as a 2"D
    =u##er6 'He 2as n# a /a" man1'
    s$e 2ul" re=all 2i#$ gra#i#u"e a
    'uar#er , a =en#ur% a,#er $er
    r"eal1 '$e "i"n'# ma.e me ea#
    an% mre mea#6'
    T$e Si.$s' #en#$ guru $a"
    s(e=i,i=all% enBine" $is
    ,ll2ers agains# seCual
    in#er=urse 2i#$ Mslem 2men
    # (re+en# 2$a# $a((ene" in #$e
    PunBa/6 T$e ine+i#a/le resul# 2as
    a legen" amng #$e
    Si.$s #$a# Mslem 2men 2ere
    =a(a/le , (ar#i=ular seCual
    (r2ess6 Un"er #$e im(a=# ,
    e+en#s in #$e PunBa/1 #$e Si.$s
    ,rg# #$e guru's a"mnis$men#
    an" ga+e ,ree rein # #$eir
    ,an#asies6 @i#$ mr/i" ,renQ%1
    #$e% ,ell n Mslems
    e+er%2$ere1 un#il a #ra"e in
    .i"na((e" Mslem girls
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    ,luris$e" in #$eir (ar#s , #$e
    PunBa/6
    B#a Sing$1 a 00D%earDl" Si.$
    +e#eran , Mun#/a##en's Burma
    =am(aign1 2as 2r.ing $is
    ,iel"s ne Se(#em/er a,#ernn
    2$en $e $ear" a #erri,ie" s=ream
    /e$in" $im6 He #urne" # see a
    %ung girl1 (ursue" /% a ,ell2
    Si.$1 rus$ing #2ar"s $im6 T$e
    girl #$re2 $ersel, a# B#a
    Sing$1 /egging 'Sa+e me1 sa+e
    me!'
    He s#e((e" /e#2een #$e girl an"
    $er =a(#r6 He un"ers#"
    ins#an#l% 2$a# $a" $a((ene"6
    T$e girl 2as a Mslem 2$m
    #$e Si.$ $a" seiQe" ,rm a
    (assing re,ugee =lumn6 T$is
    2$ll% uneC(e=#e" in#rusin ,
    #$e (r+in=e's miseries u(n $is
    (l# , lan" ,,ere" B#a Sing$
    a (r+i"en#ial ((r#uni#% #
    resl+e #$e (r/lem ms#
    ((ressing $im1 $is 2n
    sli#u"e6 He 2as a s$% man
    2$'" ne+er marrie"1 ,irs#
    /e=ause , $is ,amil%'s ina/ili#%
    # (ur=$ase $im a 2i,e1 #$en
    /e=ause , $is na#ural #imi"i#%6
    'H2 mu=$?' $e as.e" #$e girl's
    =a(#r6 '!i,#een $un"re" ru(ees1'
    2as #$e ans2er6 B#a Sing$ "i"
    n# e+en /argain6 He 2en# in#
    $is $u# an" re#urne" 2i#$ a
    sile" (ile , ru(ee n#es6 T$e
    girl 2$m #$se /an.n#es
    (ur=$ase" 2as 38 %ears l"1
    #$ir#%Deig$# %ears $is Bunir6 Her
    name 2as Reni/T s$e 2as #$e
    "aug$#er , small$l"ers in
    RaBas#$an6 T #$e lnel% l" Si.$
    s$e /e=ame an a"ra/le
    (la%#$ing1 $al, "aug$#er1 $al,
    mis#ress1 a 2n"rus (resen=e
    2$ =m(le#el% "isru(#e" $is
    li,e6 T$e a,,e=#in $e'" ne+er
    /een a/le # /es#2 /urs# +er
    Reni/ in a ,l"#i"e6 E+er% #$er
    "a% B#a Sing$ 2as ,, # #$e
    neares# /aQaar # /u% $er sme
    /au/leH a sari1 a /ar , sa(1 a
    (air , em/ri"ere" sli((ers6
    T Reni/1 2$'" /een /ea#en an"
    ra(e" /e,re $er ,lig$#1 #$e
    =m(assin an" #en"erness
    (ure" u# # $er /% #$e lnel%
    l" Si.$ 2as as +er2$elming
    as i# 2as uneC(e=#e"6 Ine+i#a/l%1
    $er res(nse 2as gra#e,ul
    a,,e=#in an" s$e 'ui=.l%
    /e=ame #$e (le arun" 2$i=$
    B#a Sing$'s li,e #urne"6 S$e
    2as 2i#$ $im in $is ,iel"s "uring
    #$e "a%1 mil.e" $is 2a#er
    /inTales a# "a2n an" "us.1 la%
    2i#$ $im a# nig$#6 SiC#een miles
    ,rm #$eir $u#1 #$e 2re#=$e"
    #i"es , #$e re,ugees ,l2e" u(
    an" "2n # e )ran" Trun.
    Hig$2a%6 B#a Sing$'s #2el+e
    a=res , lan" /e=ame a lum( ,
    i=e =u# a(ar# ,rm #$e $a#re"D
    ,ille" ,le # 2$i=$ i# /elnge"6
    One "a% #$a# au#umn1 2ell
    /e,re #$e "a2n as Si.$ #ra"i#ir
    "i=#a#e"1 a s#range mel"% ,
    ,lu#es a"+an=e" "2n #$e ra"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    #V B#a Sing$'s $use6
    Surrun"e" /% singers an"
    neig$/urs =arr% ing s(u##ering
    #r=$es1 as#ri"e a $rse
    $arnesse" in +el+e# an" /angles1
    B#a Sing$ r"e u( # #$e
    "rs#e( , $is 2n $me #
    =laim as $is /ri"e #$e li##le
    Mslem girl $e'" (ur=$ase" 2i#$
    a sile" s#a=. , ru(ee n#es6
    A guru /earing #$e )ran#$ Sa$i/1
    #$e Si.$ Hl% B.1 ,ll2e"
    $im in# #$e $use 2$ere1
    #rem/ling in #$e ne2 sari $e'"
    /ug$# $er Reni/ 2ai#e"6
    Ra"ian# 2i#$ $a((iness1 $is $ea"
    =+ere" in a $e2 s=arle# #ur/an1
    B#a Sing$ s'ua##e" /esi"e
    Reni/ n #$e ,lr , $is $use6
    T$e (ries# eC(laine" # #$em #$e
    /liga#ins , marrie" li,e6 T$en1
    2$ile #$e ga#$ering in#ne" $is
    ($rases a,#er $im1 $e rea" ,rm
    #$e sa=re" #eC#6
    @$en $e'" ,inis$e"1 B#a Sing$
    s#" u( an" =lu#=$e" ne en" ,
    an em/ri"ere" sas$T Reni/
    =lu#=$e" #$e #$er6 !ur #imes1
    Reni/ ,ll2e" $im in la2ans1
    ,ur m%s#i= =ir=umam/ula#ins
    , #$e Hl% B.6 A# #$e ins#an#
    #$e ,ur#$ =ir=le 2as Bine"1 #$e%
    2ere marrie"6 Ou#si"e1 #$e sun
    , an#$er "a% rse +er #$eir
    ,iel"s6
    A ,e2 2ee.s la#eJ #$e seasn
    2$i=$ $a" /rug$# s mu=$
    $rrr an" $ar"s$i( # $is ,ell2
    PunBa/is /es#2e" a las# gi,# n
    B#a Sing$6 His 2i,e
    annun=e" s$e 2as /earing #$e
    $eir $e'" "es(aire" , e+er
    $a+ing6 I# 2as as #$ug$ sme
    s(e=ial (r+i"en=e $a" single"
    u# #$e el"erl% Si.$ an" #$e
    Mslem girl ,r i#s /lessing6
    T$a# 2as n# #$e =ase6 !r #$a#
    unli.el% =u(le1 a lng an" =ruel
    r"eal 2$i=$ 2ul" ne "a%
    /e=me ,r millins #$e s%m/l
    , #$e e+ils , (ar#i#in 2as sn
    # /egin6
    Sl2l%1 #$e 2riggling lines ,
    re" (ins n #$e ma(s ,
    )+ernmen# Huse a"+an=e"
    #2ar"s #$eir "es#ina#in1 a
    re,ugee =am(6 !r /#$ #$e
    In"ian an" Pa.is#an
    )+ernmen#s1 #$e "eluge ,
    $meless1 2an"ering millins
    (uring a=rss #$eir /r"ers
    (se" (r/lems su=$ as ,e2
    na#ins $a" /een =alle" n #
    ,a=e6 T$se su,,ering mul#i#u"es
    eC(e=#e" mira=les6 T$e% $a"
    2n #$e (ana=ea , ,ree"m an"
    #$e% /elie+e" #$a# sme$2 i#
    2ul" gi+e #$eir lea"ers #$e
    (2er # e,,a=e #$eir ills6
    D6 !6 *ara.a1 an In"ian
    Burnalis#1 ,un" a "aQe"1 el"erl%
    Si.$ 2an"ering arun" a =am(
    in Jullun"ur =lu#=$ing in $is
    $an"s a s$ea, , (a(er #rn ,rm
    a s=$l/%'s n#e/.6 On i#1 a
    (u/li= 2ri#er $a" ins=ri/e" a lis#
    , all #$e /elngings #$e Si.$
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    $a" ls# in Pa.is#anT $is =21 $is
    $use1 $is =#1 (#s an" (ans6 T
    ea=$ i#em #$e Si.$ $a" assigne"
    a +alue6 T$e ##al 2as A044
    ru(ees6 He 2as1 $e #l" *ara.a1
    ging # (resen# $is /ill # #$e
    g+ernmen# /e=ause #$e
    g+ernmen# 2ul" (a% $im6
    '@$i=$ g+ernmen#?' *ara.a
    as.e"6
    >M% g+ernmen#1' re(lie" #$e
    l" Si.$6 T$en 2i#$ #u=$ing
    ignran=e $e a""e"1 'Please1
    Sa$i/1 =an %u #ell me 2$ere I
    =an ,in" mT g+ernmen#?'
    T$e ri=$ su,,ere" as 2ell as #$e
    (r6 One Si.$ ,,i=er in Amri##a
    #urne" $is garage in# a (ri+a#e
    re,ugee =am(6 I# 2as ,ille" /%
    $al, i "Qen , $is ,rien"s6 T2
    mn#$s /e,re #$e% $a" /een
    millinaireH in La$re6 N2 #$e%
    2ere "es#i#u#e6 An#$er ,,i=er
    2ul" re=all i man 2ee(ing
    un=n#rlla/l% n #$e re,ugee
    #rain $e 2as es=r#inB #2ar"s
    Del$i6 T$e man1 2ell "resse"1
    #l" $im $e'" /een 2i(eV u#1
    ruine"6
    'Yu reall% $a+e n#$ing le,#?'
    as.e" #$e ,,i=er6
    'Onl% 0441444 ru(ees1' ans2ere"
    #$e man6
    'Bu#1' (r#es#e" #$e ,,i=er1
    '%u're s#ill ri=$!'
    N1 2as #$e re(l%6 'I'm ging #
    "na#e e+er% (ie , i# # $a+inT
    Ne$ru an" )an"$i .ille"6'
    Han"ling #$e in,luC , re,ugees
    2as a #as. , un/elie+a/le "imen
    sins6 Millins , /lan.e#s1 #en#s1
    +a==ines $a" # /e ,un" an
    "is#ri/u#e"6 Pr+i"ing #$e ,"
    # .ee( #$em ali+e "eman"e"
    lgis#i=al e,,r# , s#aggering
    siQe6 As #$e =am(s +er,l2e"
    =n"i#in /e=ame un/eara/le6
    T$e s#en=$ , "ea#$1 "e=a% an"
    "isease seeme # rise a/+e ea=$
    ne li.e #$e mrning mis# ,, a
    la.e6
    T$e s#en=$ , ,ree"m1' /i##erl%
    =m(laine" a Si.$ =lne
    "ri+ing in# su=$ a =am( near
    Amri#sar6 Insi"e an#$er1 an
    In"ia Burnalis#Dn#e" ne %ung
    man .ee(ingZaZ +lgS/Ssi"ems
    "%in n*B$a\D nF# #F
    `ni,B(BlBier\las#Bgurs1T/u#SBeS
    ureSiJLgasJi 2$ 2ul" sna#=$
    a2a%Z#$e /lan.e#
    =+erigTBgi?FH%Z2$en s, "ie"6
    )an"$i eC=e(#e"1 nne ,
    Del$i's (li#i=al lea"ers 2ul"
    /e ;
    ,amiliar # #$e inma#es , #$se
    =am(s r as l+e" /% #$em as
    /r2nD$aire" Englis$2man in
    a =ris(l% (resse" S# J$n uni,ru
    As #$e 2ee.s (re=e"ing (ar#i#in
    $a" in a sense /elnge" # $
    $us/an"1 s #$e 2ee.s , In"ia's
    #rial 2ul" /e E"2ina Mun
    /a##en's6 S$e "r+e $ersel,
    "uring #$a# au#umn 2i#$ a
    relen#less ,ur
    a sel,D"is=i(line #$a# n# e+en $er
    $us/an" =ul" sur(ass6 I# 2as
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    1 #$ug$ in #$e s'ualr ,
    #$se =am(s1 =m,r#ing #$e si=.
    an" #l
    "%ing1 s$e 2as sme$2 a#ning
    ,r e+er% eC#ra+agan=e , $er se
    in"ulgen# %u#$6 Her
    =m(assin1 /a=.e" /% $er
    inna#e sense au#$ri#%T $er
    "e+#in en$an=e" /% $er
    .n2le"ge an" #alen# ,
    rganiQa#in1 ma"e E"2ina
    Mun#/a##en an un,rge##a/le
    ,igu # #$usan"s , In"ians6
    S$e 2as a# $er "es. e+er%
    mrning a# 9 a6m61 2i#$ /arel% ,i
    $urs' slee( /e$in" $er6 All "a%
    s$e m+e" ,rm =am( # =anH
    ,rm $s(i#al # $s(i#al1
    (r/ing1 s#u"%ing1 =ri#i=iQing1
    =rre=#ii T$se 2ere n#
    (er,un=#r% +isi#s6 S$e .ne2
    $2 man% 2a#er #a a =am(
    s$ul" $a+e (er #$usan"
    inma#es1 $2 # ma.e sure n
    ne misse" an in=ula#in1 $2
    # rganiQe $%giene an"
    sani#a#in6
    H6 -6 R6 I%enagar1 Ne$ru's =$ie,
    se=re#ar%1 remem/ere" $er
    arri+ing ,r an Emergen=%
    &mmi##ee a# siC '=l=. ne
    e+ening a,#er #2el+e $urs
    #uring #$e =am(s un"er a
    /ea#ing sun6 Her AD&s
    =lla(se" in slee( in #$e
    =mmi##ee an#erm1 2$ile
    insi"e E"2ina1 '=l1 (re=ise1
    (ragma#i=1 (er,e=#l% grme"1
    se# u# $er /ser+a#ins an"
    re=mmen"a#ins n a 2$le
    range , (r/lems'6
    S$e $a#e" # ,l% an" 2as
    +ilen#l% ill e+er% #ime s$e 2as
    in #$e air6 Ye# s$e ,le2 2$ene+er
    s$e =ul" # sa+e #ime1 (u##ing a
    ,res$ =a# , li(s#i=. n $er
    +mi#Ds#aine" mu#$ /e,re ea=$
    lan"ing6 S$e $a" n $esi#a#in in
    r"ering RA! 2ar $eres # #a.e
    ,, agains# all sa,e#% regula#ins
    in ##al "ar.ness 2$en an urgen#
    (r/lem a2ai#e" $er6
    FT$e ne s#u(i" #$ing # #ell $er
    2as1 Yur EC=ellen=%1 I "n'#
    #$in. i# 2ul" /e sui#a/le ,r
    %u # " #$is1' L#6 &m"r6 H2es1
    $er $us/an"'s AD&1 re=alle"6 'I,
    %u "i"1 s$e 2ul" imme"ia#el%
    " i#6'
    N sig$# 2as # gruesme1 n
    $u# # ,il#$%1 n #as. #
    "emeaning1 n In"ian # ill ,r
    $er =nsi"era#in6 H2es 2ul"
    al2a%s remem/er $er s'ua##ing
    u( # $er an.les in mu" /esi"e
    men "%ing , =$lera1 ne , #$e
    ms# ,rig$#,ul , "ea#$s1 =alml%
    s#r.ing #$eir ,e+ere" ,re$ea"s
    "uring #$e las# mmen#s , #$eir
    eCis#en=e6
    T$se #ragi= 2ee.s in In"ia an"
    Pa.is#an 2ere a #ime , $rrr1
    /u# #$e% 2ere a #ime , $eres as
    2ell1 ms# , #$em un.n2n an"
    un#$an.e" $eres1 #$eir "ee"s
    ,rg##en as sn as #$e% 2ereD
    a==m(lis$e"6 T$e sen#imen#s ,
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    man% 2ere summe" u( /%
    As$2ini *umar1 a Hin"u (li=e
    ,,i=er in Amri#sar6 FT$e nl%
    2a% # =ling # ne's sani#% in
    #$a# $ell1' $e n#e"1 '2as # #r% #
    sa+e ne ,i,e a "a%6' I# 2as a #as.
    # 2$i=$ #$e %ung (li=eman
    =nse=ra#e" $imsel, 2i#$ a
    n#a/le an" su==ess,ul ar"ur6
    T$ere 2ere Si.$s 2$ $i"
    Mslem ,rien"s ,r mn#$s r
    sa+e" #$em ,rm #$e m/sT
    Hin"us1 li.e an un.n2n
    #ra+elling salesman 2$ (ulle"
    A$me" An2ar1 a 55D%earDl"
    Mslem railra" =ler.1 ,rm #$e
    m/ #r%ing # .ill $im1 s$u#ing
    'He's a &$ris#ian'T Mslems1 li.e
    #$e =a(#ain , #$e !rn#ier !r=e
    Ri,les 2$ "ie" "e,en"ing a
    =lumn , Si.$s agains# $is
    =un#r%men6
    )ra"uall%1 a sem/lan=e , r"er
    /egan # emerge ,rm #$e =$as6
    Dis=i(line in /#$ armies
    im(r+e"1 e,,e=#i+e #a=#i=s ,r
    (r#e=#ing #rains an" re,ugee
    =lumns 2ere "e+ise"6 T$e
    Emergen=% &mmi##ee1 2$i=$
    Ne$ru 2ul" =all '#$e /es# lessn
    in a"minis#ra#in a ne2
    g+ernmen# e+er $a"'1 /egan #
    ge# i#s gri( n #$e PunBa/6 T$e
    millins , re,ugees s#aggere"
    n1 /u# #$e +ilen=e 2$i=$ $a"
    (r+.e" #$eir ,lig$# /egan #
    "iminis$6 I#s 2aning 2as signa
    ne la=ni= line in an
    in#elligen=e re(r# su/mi##e" #
    #$e Eme &mmi##ee6
    T$e (ra=#i=e , #$r2ing
    Mslems ,rm #rain 2in"2s1' i#
    'is n #$e "e=line6'
    One las# male"i=#in a2ai#e"
    #$se un,r#una#e mul#i#u"eH
    mnsn arri+e"6 T$e $ea+ens1
    ,rm 2$i=$ #$e PunBa/'s mis
    millins $a" /egge" su==ur in
    #$e searing $ea# , Augu
    Se(#em/er1 ,inall% $urle" "2n
    #$e rains #$e%'" $ar"e" 2i#$
    su=$ as In"ia $a" n# seen in
    $al, a =en#ur%6 I# 2as alms# as #
    a (an#$en , #$e PunBa/'s angr%
    g"s 2ere ,linging a (ar#inB
    u(n a (e(le 2$ $a"
    "is(lease" #$em6 Turne" in#
    #rren ,i+e ri+ers , #$e PunBa/1
    #$e ri+ers 2$i=$ $a" gi+en #$e (r
    i#s name an" sus#aine" an"
    nuris$e" i#s u(r#e" =$il"ren
    n2 # /e=me #$e ,inal
    ins#rumen#s , #$eir "es#ru=#in6
    &ursing ,, #$e grea# sl(es ,
    #$e Himala%as1 s2elling #$ei
    2i#$ mel#e" sn21 #$e rains /urs#
    in# #$e (lains in 2alls , #$e
    $eig$# , a $use6 Ri+er/e"s
    2$i=$ $a" /een "rie" # a /% #$e
    summer sun /e=ame ,aming
    #rren#s6 Par#i#in ai PunBa/'s
    =$as $a" "isru(#e" #$e ,l"
    2arning s%s#em in un"er #$e
    Bri#is$6 Alms# 2i#$u# n#i=e
    #$se 2alls , 2a#er in# #$e
    $ear# , #$e PunBa/ n #$e
    e+ening , 5A Se(#em/er1 s (as#
    #$eir ri+er/an.s1 "r2ning in a
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    rum/le li.e #$e en" , #$e #ens ,
    #$usan"s , re,ugees 2$'"
    =lla(se" #$ere ,r a H slee(6
    A/"ul Ra$amanAli1 a Mslem
    small$l"er1 $a" s#((e" , nig$#
    2i#$ $un"re"s , ,ell2 +illagers
    /% #$e /an.s , #$e "ri ri+er/e"
    , #$e Beas6 A s(e=ial air , B%
    an" relie, $a" ani #$eir =am(T
    Pa.is#an an" #$e sa,e#% , i#s
    ,rn#iers 2as n_ miles a2a%6
    !r ms#1 #$se ,rn#iers 2ul"
    remain a "ream1 a s=re amng
    #$em sur+i+e" #$e ,renQie" rus$
    , #$e Bes nig$#6
    Ali1 $is /ull=. =ar# (lan#e" n a
    li( , $ig$ grun" a# #$[ ri"ge ,
    #$e =am(1 2as a2a.ene" /%
    s=reams an" #$e #$un #$e
    nrus$ing 2a#er6 He s=ram/le"
    n # $is =ar# 2i#$ $is 3 T$e
    2a#er lea(# u( # #$e $u/s , i#s
    2$eels1 # i#s (la#,r #$eir .nees1
    ,inall% # #$eir =$es#s /e,re i#s
    rus$ a/a#e"6 !V "a%s Ali's ,amil%
    =lung # #$eir =ar#1 2i#$u#
    nuris$men#1 #reH 2i#$ =l"1
    2a#=$ing #$e 2a#ers =arr% (as#
    #$em in an in"is=ri #i"e #$e
    s(lin#ere" /ull=. =ar#s1 /la#e"
    animals an" =rB #$eir ,rien"s
    an" neig$/urs6
    Bri"ges #$a# $a" $el" ,as# ,r
    "e=a"es 2ere su/merge" r


    ?A5

    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT

    THE )REATEST MI)RATION
    IN HISTORY

    ?A?

    ,rm #$eir (ilings /% #$e 2a#er's
    #erri,%ing ,r=e6 MaBr U6&6
    Du/e%1 , #$e In"ian Arm%1 sa2
    #$e 2a#ers , #$e Beas inun"a#e
    #$e rail2a% /ri"ge +er #$e ri+er
    u#si"e Amri#sar6 Bull=. =ar#s1
    #$eir /ull=.s1 #$eir 2ners 2ere
    /eing s2e(# alng /% #$e ri+er1
    #$en smas$e" agains# #$e gir"ers
    2i#$ a ,r=e #$a# 'sna((e" #$e
    =ar#s li.e ma#=$/Ces an" .ille"
    #$e $umans an" animals'6
    Li,e MagaQine's Margare#
    Bur.eD@$i#e $a" # ,lee #$e
    /an.s , #$e Ra+i in 2a#er u( #
    $er 2ais#1 $er li,e sa+e" /% #$e
    ,ran#i= 2arning , an In"ian
    ,,i=er6 @$en #$e 2a#ers ,inall%
    re=e"e"1 s$e 2en# /a=. # #$e
    si#e1 a mea"2 /e#2een a
    rail2a% ram( an" #$e ri+er 2$ere
    A444 Mslems $a" $al#e" ,r #$e
    nig$#6 Less #$an a #$usan" $a"
    sur+i+e"6 T$e mea"2 '2as li.e
    a /a##le,iel"H =ar#s +er#urne"1
    $use$l" g"s an" ,arm #ls
    (resse" in# a mas$ , mu" an"
    2re=.age'6
    !r )ur=$aran Sing$1 a Si.$
    (li=e ,,i=er1 ne image 2ul"
    al2a%s remain as a s%m/l ,
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #$a# ,inal agn%6 He sa2 i# in #$e
    su/lime sunlig$# , earl%
    mrning #$e "a% #$e 2a#ers
    /egan # g "2n6 !es#ne" in
    #$e /ran=$es , a (ee(ul #ree1
    a/+e #$e remains , #$e
    re,ugees $e'" /een assigne" #
    (r#e=#1 2as #$e =r(se , a
    )ur.$a sl"ier1 $is remains
    /eing me#$"i=all% "e+ure" /%
    +ul#ures6
    f > >
    N ne 2ul" e+er .n2 $2
    man% (e(le ls# #$eir li+es
    "uring #$se #erri/le 2ee.s6 S
    =$a#i= 2ere #$e =ir=ums#an=es
    surrun"ing #$em1 s =m(le#e
    2as #$e (r+in=e's /rie,
    a"minis#ra#i+e =lla(se1 #$a# i#
    2as im(ssi/le # ma.e an%
    a==ura#e =an+ass6 T$e num/er ,
    #$se le,# # "ie /% #$e ra"si"e1
    #$r2n in 2ells1 =rema#e" in #$e
    ,lames , #$eir $mes r
    +illages1 2as /e%n" re=.ning6
    T$e ms# eC#ra+agan# es#ima#es
    2ul" #al. , ne r #2 millin
    "ea#$s6 T$e ,rems# In"ian
    s#u"en# , #$e massa=res1 Ju"ge
    )6 D6 *$sla1> se# #$e ,igure a#
    04414446 Bri#ain's #2 lea"ing
    $is#rians , #$e (eri"1 Pen"erel
    Mn1>> 2$ 2as ser+ing in
    Pa.is#an a# #$e #ime1 an" H6 -6
    H"sn1>>> 2ul" (la=e #$e
    "ea#$s a# /e#2een 5441444 an"
    50414446 Sir &$an"ulal Tri+e"i1
    In"ia's ,irs# )+ernr , #$e
    PunBa/ an" #$e ,,i=ial ms#
    =nne=#e" 2i#$ e+en#s in #$e
    (r+in=e1 es#ima#e" #$e #ll a#
    55014446
    T$e num/er , re,ugees1 a# leas#1
    2ul" /e .n2n6 All #$a#
    au#umn an" 2ell in# #$e 2in#er
    #$e% 2ul" =n#inue # ,l2
    #$rug$ @aga1 a=rss Suleman.i
    an" Ball.i Hea"s1 0441444 #$is
    2ee.1 8041444 #$e neC#1 un#il #$e
    ,ull =m(lemen# , #en an" a
    $al, millin $a" /een
    > S#ern Re=.ning /% )(al Das
    *$sla1 Bm/a%H Jai= B.s
    379?6
    >> Di+i"e an" Lui# /% Pen"erel
    Mn1 Ln"nH &$a## G
    @in"us L#"61 37936
    >>> T$e )rea# Di+i"e /% H6 -6
    H"sn1 Ln"nH Hu#=$insn
    an" &61 37976
    rea=$e"6 S#ill an#$er millin
    2ul" =rss #$e ,rn#iers in mre
    (ea=e,ul =ir=ums#an=es in
    Bengal6 Ine+i#a/l%1 #$e $rrrs ,
    #$e PunBa/ =as# a 2a+e ,
    =ri#i=ism n #$e las# -i=er% an"
    In"ia's (li#i=al lea"ers6 !rm
    Ln"n1 @ins#n &$ur=$ill1 s
    lng a ,e , In"ian ,ree"m1
    =mmen#e" 2i#$ illD=n=eale"
    sa#is,a=#in n> #$e s(e=#a=le ,
    (e(le 2$ $a" "2el# in (ea=e
    ,r genera#ins un"er #$e '/ra"1
    #leran# an" im(ar#ial rule , #$e
    Bri#is$ &r2n'1 #$r2ing
    #$emsel+es n ea=$ #$er '2i#$
    #$e ,er=i#% , =anni/als'6
    &lemen# A##lee as.e" Lr"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    Isma% in earl% O=#/er i, Bri#ain
    '$a" n# #a.en #$e 2rng =urse
    an" rus$e" #$ings # mu=$'6 His
    2as1 , =urse1 an im(ssi/le
    'uer% # ans2er6 @$a# $a"
    $a((ene"1 $a" $a((ene"6 @$a#
    mig$# $a+e $a((ene" $a" n# #$e
    =n+i=#in #$a# s(ee" 2as
    essen#ial i, In"ia 2as # /e sa+e"
    ,rm a "isas#er g+erne" #$e las#
    -i=er%'s a=#ins1 $a" n#6 One
    #$ing 2as =er#ain6 In"ia's lea"ers
    $a" n# nl% en"rse"
    Mun#/a##en's (li=% # m+e as
    'ui=.l% as (ssi/le1 #$e% $a"1
    2i#$u# eC=e(#in1 urge" #$a#
    =urse u(n $im6 S(ee"1 Jinna$
    ne+er =ease" re(ea#ing1 2as #$e
    essen=e , #$e =n#ra=#6 S(ee"
    2as #$e elemen# -alla/$/$ai
    Pa#el $a" /argaine" ,r /%
    ma.ing i# =lear &ngress 2ul"
    a==e(# mem/ers$i( in #$e
    &mmn2eal#$ nl% i, (2er
    2as #rans,erre" imme"ia#el%6
    Ne$ru =ns#an#l% 2arne" #$e
    -i=er% #$a# "ela% in rea=$ing a
    "e=isir 2ul" =n,rn# In"ia
    2i#$ #$e ris. , =i+il 2ar6 E+en
    )an"$i "es(i#e $is ((si#in #
    (ar#i#in1 s#ill urge" ne =urse
    n Mun# /a##enH ge# u# , In"ia
    imme"ia#el%6 Mun#/a##en's
    (re"e=essi Lr" @a+ell1 2as
    e'uall% =n+in=e" , #$e nee"
    ,r s(ee"1 e+en a #$e (ri=e , #$e
    (r+in=eD/%D(r+in=e e+a=ua#in
    $e $a" urge" i $is O(era#in
    Ma"$use6
    Lr" Mun#/a##en $imsel,
    2ul" al2a%s remain (ersua"e"
    #$a gi+en #$e =ir=ums#an=es $e
    ,un" n $is arri+al in In"ia in
    37A ,ll2ing an% #$er =urse
    2ul" $a+e (lunge" In"ia in#
    =$ s#ri,e n an un(re=e"en#e"
    s=ale1 s#ri,e Bri#ain 2ul" $a+e
    $a" nei#$ #$e resur=es nr #$e
    2ill # =n#rl6
    T$e +ilen=e #$e (ar#i#in
    agreemen# (r"u=e" in #$e
    PunBa/ 2 ,ar 2rse #$an
    an%#$ing Mun#/a##en r #$e
    eC(er#s =unselli $im $a"
    en+isage"6 T$e 001444 men ,
    #$e PunBa/ Bun"ar% !r =rea#e"
    # main#ain r"er in #$e
    (r+in=e1 2ere +er2$elme" /%
    i s$eer "imensin , a =a#a=l%sm
    2i#$u# (re=e"en#6 Ye# $2e
    #erri/le #$e =nse'uen=es , #$a#
    u($ea+al 2ere1 #$e% 2ere ,
    =n,ine" # ne In"ian (r+in=e
    an" neD#en#$ , In"ia's ((ula#i
    T$e ris.s , an% #$er =urse
    2as #$a# i# mig$# eC(se all In"iT
    #$e $rrr 2$i=$ (ar#i#in $a"
    +isi#e" n #$e PunBa/6
    !r #$e millins , +i=#ims ,
    (ar#i#in1 #$e lng an" (aiH
    mn#$s , rese##lemen# an"
    rein#egra#in s#ill lme" a$ea"6
    3
    !6M6

    ?AA

    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT

    $a" (ai" #$e (ri=e ,r ,ree"m1
    an" #$a# (ri=e 2ul" lea+e i#s
    /i##er im(rin# ,r %ears # =me6
    T$a# au#umn i# ,un" i#s
    eC#ra+agan# eC(ressin in a =r%
    , rage an" ,rus#ra#in1 a =r%
    s$rie.e" # a Bri#is$ ,,i=er /%
    an em/i##ere" gru( , re,ugees
    s#ar+ing in a PunBa/ =am(H
    'B,ing /a=. #$e RaB!'
    '*as$mir D nl% *as$mir!'
    *as$mir1 55D5A O=#/er 37A8
    T$e =eremn% in #$e /rillian#l%
    illumina#e" Dur/ar Hall , #$e
    (ala=e , #$e Ma$araBa ,
    *as$mir in Srinagar 2as #$e
    =limaC , ne , #$e ms#
    an=ien# ,eas#s in #$e Hin"u
    =alen"ar6 E+er% %ear a# #$e rising
    , #$e O=#/er mn1 Hin"us
    mar.e" #$e legen"ar% nineD"a%
    s#ruggle , #$e )""ess Durga1
    #$e 2i,e , Lr" S$i+a1 2i#$ #$e
    min#aur Ma$is$asura /% a nineD
    "a% ,es#i+al6 As $is an=es#rs $a"
    ,r a =en#ur%1 Han Sing$1
    Ma$araBa , *as$mir1 =lse" #$e
    37A8 ,es#i+al n #$e e+ening ,
    5A O=#/er /% re=ei+ing a ri#ual
    (le"ge , allegian=e ,rm #$e
    assem/le" n/les an" "igni#aries
    , $is s#a#e6 One /% ne #$e%
    a"+an=e" # #$e ,# , $is
    #$rne an" (resse" in# $is
    (rin=el% (alm a s%m/li=
    ,,ering , a (ie=e , gl"
    2ra((e" in a sil. $an".er=$ie,6
    T$e (e#ulan# ma$araBa 2as a
    ,r#una#e man6 He 2as ne ,
    #$ree rulers le,# ,rm #$a#
    eC#ra+agan# =as#e , (rin=es 2$
    s#ill sa# u(n #$eir #$rnes6 T$e
    #2 #$ers 2ere #$e Na2a/ ,
    Junaga"$1 2$ere i# 2as /e##er #
    $a+e /een /rn a "g #$an a
    man1 an" #$e NiQam ,
    H%"era/a"6 Agains# e+er%
    argumen# , gegra($% an"
    lgi=1 Junaga"$ $a" #rie" # #a.e
    $is li##le s#a#e1 l=.e" in #$e $ear#
    , In"ia1 in# Pa.is#an6 His "a%s
    2ere num/ere"H in /arel% a
    ,r#nig$#'s #ime #$e In"ian Arm%
    2ul" 2al. in# $is s#a#e1 gi+ing
    #$e ruler Bus# enug$ #ime # ,ill
    a (lane 2i#$ $is 2i+es an" $is
    ,a+uri#e (e#s an" ,lee #
    Pa.is#an6 T$e NiQam's "a%s 2ere
    num/ere" as 2ell Des(i#e a
    lng1 las#D"i#=$ s#ruggle # ,r=e
    Bri#ain an" In"ia #V re=gniQe
    $is in"e(en"en=e1 $e # 2ul"
    see $is s#a#e ,r=i/l in#egra#e"
    in# an in"e(en"en# In"ia n#
    lng a,#er #$e las# -i=er%'
    "e(ar#ure6
    Hari Sing$ $a" lng re=+ere"
    ,rm #$e "i(lma#i= s#ma=$Da=/
    2$i=$ $a" s(are" $im #$e
    "e=isin Luis Mun#/a##en $a"
    2an## $im # #a.e1 ma.ing u( ais
    min" # Bin ei#$er In"ia r
    Pa.isU /e,re 30 Augus#6 Sea#e"
    un"er $is gl"en um/rella1 i#s
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    ,l"s s$a(V in #$e ,rm , a
    l#us /lssm1 a "iamn"D
    en=rus#e" #ur/an n I $ea"1 $is
    ne=. ringe" /% a "Qen s#ran"s
    , (earls se##ing ,, # emeral"
    #$a# 2as #$e (ru"es# (ssessin
    , $is "%nas#%1 HT Sing$ s#ill
    =lung # #$e "ream $e $a"
    ar#i=ula#e" # $is l" ,rie /% #$e
    /an.s , #$e Tri.a Ri+er6 He
    2an#e" # s#a% n #$a# #$r #
    se=ure #$e in"e(en"en=e , #$e
    en=$an#e" +ale 2$i=$ #$e E In"ia
    &m(an% $a" sl" $is ,re/ears
    a =en#ur% /e,re ,r

    ?A9
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    millin ru(ees an" an annual
    #ri/u#e , siC s$a2ls s(un ,rm
    #$e g'ssamer #$in (as$mina
    2l #$a# gre2 n #$e ne=.s ,
    #$e ga#s (as#ure" in *as$mir's
    mun#ain ranges6 T$a# 2as Bus# a
    "ream1 $2e+er6 A /ru#al
    a2a.ening 2as /arel% ,r#%D
    eig$# $urs a2a%6
    @$ile #$e n/les , *as$mir1 in
    Hari Sing$'s /rillian#l%
    illumina#e" Dur/ar Hall1 2ere
    (er,rming #$eir ri#ual a=# ,
    /eisan=e # #$eir ruler1 an#$er
    gru( , men 2ere ,r=ing #$eir
    2a% in# a ma=$iner%D(a=.e"
    rm ,i,#% miles eas# ,
    Srinagar6n #$e /an.s , #$e
    J$elum Ri+er6 One , #$em
    s#ra((e" a =lum( , "%nami#e
    s#i=.s # a (anel =lu##ere" 2i#$
    le+ers an" "ials6 S$u#ing a
    2arning1 $e ,ire" i# 2i#$ a ma#=$
    an" ran u# , #$e /uil"ing6 Ten
    se=n"s la#er1 an earDs(li##ing
    rar s$. #$e (2er s#a#in ,
    Ma$ura6 As i# "i"1 ,rm #$e
    /r"ers , Pa.is#an # La"a.$
    an" #$e mun#ain 2alls , &$ina1
    #$e lig$#s 2en# u#6
    In ne #erri,%ing s#r.e1 #$e
    $un"re"s , /ul/s gli##ering in
    Hari Sing$'s =r%s#al =$an"eliers
    /lin.e" u#1 (lunging $is (ala=e
    in# "ar.ness6 A# #$a# same
    ins#an#1 (2er "isa((eare"
    #$rug$u# $is l+el% =a(i#al6 On
    #$eir ,l2erD/e"e=.e"
    $use/a#s mre" in #$e
    glimmering 2a#ers , La.e Dal1
    s=res , Englis$men an"
    2men (n"ere" #$e meaning ,
    #$e m%s#i,%ing "ar.ness6 T$se
    re#ire" =lnels an" =i+il
    ser+an#s =ul" n# realiQe i# %e#1
    /u# #$e ,ailing lig$#s 2ere an
    men annun=ing #$e en" ,
    #$eir un#ru/le" eCis#en=e in a
    (ara"ise , suns$ine an" ,l2ers
    2$ere a man =ul" li+e #$e
    "ream , #$e Em(err Je$angir
    n #$ir#% (un"s s#erling a
    mn#$6
    In $is /e"rm in $is ,a#$er's
    (ala=e 2$ere an (era#in n $is
    leg $a" =n,ine" $im1 *aran
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    Sing$1 #$e Ma$araBa's el"es# sn1
    lis#ene" # #$e maning , #$e
    2in" "ri+ing "2n #$e -ale ,
    *as$mir ,rm #$e gla=iers , #$e
    Himala%as6 T$en1 li.e $is ,a#$er1
    $is gues#s an" #$usan"s , #$er
    *as$miris1 #$e %ung *aran
    Sing$ $ear" an#$er sun"
    "ri,#ing alng #$e 2in"'s /i##er
    =urren#s6 His /l" ran =l" as1
    l%ing in #$e "ar.ness1 $e lis#ene"
    # i#6 I# 2as #$e "is#an# =r% ,
    Ba=.als "es=en"ing n #$e =i#%6
    A $r"e , Ba=.als , an#$er
    sr# 2as als s2ee(ing #2ar"s
    Srinagar an" #$e -ale ,
    *as$mir n #$a# nig$# , 5A
    O=#/er 37A86 !r #$e (as# ,r#%D
    eig$# $urs $un"re"s , Pa#$an
    #ri/esmen $a" /een s(illing in#
    Hari Sing$'s s#a#e # (u# an en"
    # $is "ream , in"e(en"en=e6
    T$e (ri+a#e arm% $e $a" =un#e"
    n # "e,en" $im $a"1 ,r #$e
    ms# (ar#1 ei#$er "eser#e" # #$e
    in+a"ers r "isa((eare" in# #$e
    $ills6
    T$e rigins , #$a# /ru#al an"
    unannun=e" assaul# alms#
    =er#ainl% la% in an inn=en#
    re'ues# ma"e #2 mn#$s earlier1
    n !ri"a%1 5A Augus#1 /%
    M$amme" Ali Jinna$ 34 $is
    Bri#is$ Mili#ar% Se=reD


    #ar%6 EC$aus#e" /% $is 2ee. ,
    "i,,i=ul# neg#ia#ins1 2ea.ene"
    /% #$e un,rgi+ing "isease in $is
    lungs1 Jinna$ $a" "e=i"e" $e
    nee"e" a +a=a#in6 He ins#ru=#e"
    #$e Se=re#ar%1 &l6 @il$am
    Birnie1 # g # *as$mir an"
    arrange ,r $im # s(en" #2
    2ee.s res#ing an" relaCing in
    mi"DSe(#em/er6
    T$e =$i=e , *as$mir ,r $is
    $li"a% 2as en#irel% na#ural6 T
    Jinna$1 as # ms# , $is
    =un#r%men1 i# seeme"
    in=n=ei+a/le #$a# *as$mir1 2i#$
    a ((ula#in +er #$ree'uar#ers
    Mslem1 =ul" /e=me an%#$ing
    /u# a (ar# , Pa.is#an6
    T$e Bri#is$ ,,i=er1 nne#$eless1
    re#urne" ,i+e "a%s la#er 2i#$ an
    ans2er #$a# s#unne" Jinna$6 Hari
    Sing$ "i"n'# 2an# $im # se# ,#
    n $is sil1 e+en as a #uris#6 T$e
    re(l% ga+e Pa.is#an's lea"ers a
    ,irs# in"i=a#in #$a# #$e si#ua#in
    in *as$mir 2as n# e+l+ing as
    #$e% $a" =m(la=en#l% assume"6
    !r#%Deig$# $urs la#er1 Jinna$'s
    g+ernmen# in,il#ra#e" a se=re#
    agen# in# *as$mir # e+alua#e
    #$e si#ua#in an" "e#ermine #$e
    Ma$araBa's real in#en#ins6
    T$e re(r# $e /rug$# /a=. 2as
    a s$=.ing neH Hari Sing$ $a"
    n in#en#in , Bining $is s#a#e
    # Pa.is#an6 T$a# 2as sme#$ing
    #$e ,un"ers , Pa.is#an =ul"
    n# #lera#e6 In mi"DSe(#em/er1
    Lia'a# Ali *$an =n+ene" a
    se=re# mee#ing , a sele=# gru(
    , =lla/ra#rs in La$re #
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    "e=i"e $2 # ,r=e #$e
    Ma$araBa's $an"6
    T$e =ns(ira#rs "ismisse"
    imme"ia#el% #$e i"ea , u#rig$#
    in+asin6 T$e Pa.is#ani Arm%
    2as n# rea"% ,r an a"+en#ure
    2$i=$ =ul" 2ell lea" # 2ar
    2i#$ In"ia6 T2 #$er
    (ssi/ili#ies1 $2e+er1 (resen#e"
    #$emsel+es6 T$e ,irs# $a" /een
    u#line" /% &l6 A./ar *$an1 a
    San"$urs# gra"ua#e 2i#$ a #as#e
    ,r =ns(ira=%6 He (r(se" #$a#
    Pa.is#an su((l% #$e arms an"
    mne% # ,men# an u(rising ,
    *as$mir's "issi"en# Mslem
    ((ula#in6 I# 2ul" re'uire
    se+eral mn#$s1 /u# #$e en"1
    *$an (rmise"1 2ul" see ',r#%
    r ,i,#% #$usan" *as$miris
    "es=en"ing n Srinagar # ,r=e
    #$e Ma$araBa # a==e"e #
    Pa.is#an'6
    T$e se=n" al#erna#i+e 2as e+en
    mre in#riguing6 I#s s(nsr 2as
    #$e &$ie, Minis#er , #$e
    !rn#ier Pr+in=e1 an" i#
    in+l+e" #$e ms# #ru/lesme
    an" ,eare" ((ula#in n #$e
    su/D=n#inen#1 #$e Pa#$an
    #ri/esmen , #$e Nr#$D2es#
    !rn#ier6 Pa.is#an $a" in$eri#e"
    ,rm Bri#ain #$e (r/lem ,
    .ee(ing #$e (ea=e in #$eir
    #ur/ulen# #ri/al (reser+es1 an"
    #$e #ri/e's l%al#% # #$e
    g+ernmen# , #$eir Mslem
    /r#$ers in *ara=$i 2as n# # /e
    #a.en ,r gran#e"6 As Bri#ain's
    las# )+ernr , #$e Pr+in=e1
    Sir Ola, &ere1 $a" (re"i=#e"1
    #$e agen#s , #$e .ing ,
    A,g$anis#an 2ere alrea"%
    arusing #$e #ri/es see.ing #$eir
    su((r# ,r #$e eC(ansin , $is
    .ing"m # Pes$a2ar an" #$e
    /an.s , #$e In"us6 Sen"ing
    #$se "angerus $r"es #
    Srinagar $a" =nsi"era/le
    a((eal6 I# 2ul" ,r=e #$e s2i,#
    ,all , #l Ma$araBa an" #$e
    anneCa#in , $is s#a#e #
    Pa.is#an6 An" ,,erii #$e
    #ri/esmen #$e ((r#uni#% # l#
    #$e /aQaars , *as$mir1 2u
    .ee( #$eir =+e#us e%es ,, #$e
    /aQaars , Pes$a2ar6
    T$e ga#$ering =lse" 2i#$ a s#ern
    2arning ,rm #$e Prime Minis##
    T$e (era#in mus# /e a
    =m(le#e se=re#6 !inan=e 2ul"
    /e (r+i" /% se=re# ,un"s ,rm
    $is ,,i=e6 Nei#$er #$e ,,i=ers ,
    Pa.is#an's anr $er =i+il ser+an#s1
    nr1 a/+e all1 #$e Bri#is$
    ,,i=ers an" a"min #ra#rs in #$e
    ser+i=e , #$e ne2 s#a#e1 2ere #
    /e gi+en a==ess # # se=re#6
    T$ree "a%s la#er1 in #$e =ellar ,
    a rams$a=.le /uil"ing in Pes#
    2ar's l" 2alle" =i#%1 a gru( ,
    #ri/al lea"ers me# #$e man =$s
    # aruse #$eir em#ins an" lea"
    #$em n #$e mar=$ # Srinag
    MaBr *$urs$i" An2ar6 An2ar1
    a +la#ile =$ara=#er 2i#$ a (en=$i
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    ,r ge##ing $imsel, u( in 2eir"
    "isguises1 seeme" an unli.el%
    =$i His =n+en#inal mili#ar%
    =areer $a" en"e" 2$en $e $a"
    /V =as$iere" ,rm #$e In"ian
    Arm%6,r a((r(ria#ing mess
    ,un"s # 2n use6 T$e #ri/al
    lea"ers arun" $im1 2i#$ #$eir
    lse r/es T un#rimme" /ear"s1
    l.e" li.e #$e 2arrirs , Saul
    an" Da' Si((ing #$eir s=en#e"
    #ea1 "ra2ing n #$eir $.a$s1
    #$e% lis#ene= An2ar's sm/re
    assessmen# , #$e si#ua#in in
    *as$mir6 T$e in, Hin"u
    Ma$araBa 2as a/u# # Bin $is
    s#a#e # In"ia6 I, sme#l 2as n#
    "ne urgen#l%1 In"ia1 $e 2arne"1
    2ul" sn == *aslimir1 an"
    millins , #$eir Mslem
    /r#$ers 2ul" ,all ur Hin"u
    rule6 T$e% mus# assem/le #$eir
    #ri/al le+ies1 # /egin a ! @ar ,r
    #$eir /r#$ers in *as$mir6
    Im(li=i# in $is in+i#a#in #1 #$a#
    (a#ri#i= =rusa"e 2as an#$er
    e'uall% an=ien# /u# less $e lure6
    I# 2as mre li.el% # gal+aniQe
    #$e ar"ur , #$e Pa#$ans # an%
    s(iri#ual a((eal D #$e (rmisD ,
    l#6
    @i#$in $urs1 in #$e mu"D2alle"
    =m(un"s , #$eir +illageH
    en=am(men#s1 in Lan"i *#al1
    alng #$e *$%/er1 in #$e $iV
    gr##es 2$ere ,r "e=a"es
    #$e%'" manu,a=#ure" #$eir ri,les1
    in se=re# "e(#s , #$eir
    smugglers' =ara+ans1 #$e Pa#$ans
    (asse" an=ien# =all , Islam ,r
    Hl% @ar1 Ji$a"6 !rm /aQaar #
    /aT se=re# emissaries /egan #
    /u% u( s#=.s , $ar" #a=. an" gi
    miC#ure , =m meal1 grun"
    =$i=.(eas an" sugar6 A ,e2 ruu#
    , #$a# miC#ure1 #a.en #2 r
    #$ree #imes a "a% 2i#$ 2a#er 43
    =ul" sus#ain a Pa#$an ,r "a%s6
    )ra"uall%1 #$e men1 #$e 2ea an"
    #$e su((lies /egan # ,l2 # #$e
    se=re# assem/l% (in#s 2$i=$
    #$e% 2ul" laun=$ #$eir =rusa"e
    # sa+e #$eir *asl /r#$ers an"
    sla.e #$eir an=es#ral #$irs# ,r
    (illage6
    N# nl% 2ere #$e +i=es a# /#$
    en"s , #$e #ele($ne line En

    /u# #$e% /elnge" # #2 , #$e
    ms# im(r#an# men in Pa.is#an6
    Sir )erge &unning$am 2as #$e
    g+ernr , #$e Nr#$D@es#
    !rn#ier Pr+in=e1 an" #$e man
    # 2$m $e 2as #ele($ning
    ,rm $is ,,i=e in Pes$a2ar 2as
    L#6 )en6 Sir !ran. Messer+%1 #$e
    &mman"erDinD&$ie, , #$e
    Pa.is#ani Arm%6
    T sa%1 l" /%1 I $a+e #$e
    im(ressin1' &unning$am #l"
    Messer+%1 '#$a# sme#$ing
    s#range is ging n $ere6' !r
    "a%s1 $e sai"1 #ru=.s =r2"e"
    2i#$ #ri/esmen =$an#ing ''
    Alla$DA./ar' $a" /een (uring
    #$rug$ Pes$a2ar6 His 2n
    &$ie, Minis#er seeme" # /e #$e
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    man s#irring u( #$e Pa#$ans6
    E+er%ne1 in #$e =i#% eC=e(# $im
    a((eare" a2are , #$e
    "es#ina#in , #$a# en#$usias#i=
    arma"a6
    'Are %u a/slu#el% =er#ain1' $e
    as.e" Messer+%1 '#$a# #$e
    g+ernmen# is s#ill ((se" # a
    #ri/al in+asin , *as$mir?'
    &unning$am's #ele($ne =all $a"
    =aug$# #$e general in #$e mi""le
    , $is (re(ara#ins ,r a #ri(6 T$e
    g+ernmen# , Pa.is#an $a"
    ma"e =er#ain #$a#1 2$en #$e
    #ri/al in+asin /egan1 #$e
    FBri#is$ &mman"erDinD&$ie,
    2ul" /e 9444 miles a2a% in
    Ln"n #r%ing # (ur=$ase arms
    # re(la=e #$se In"ia $a" ,aile"
    # "eli+er6
    T =an assure %u I'm ((se" #
    an% su=$ i"ea1' Messer+% #l" $is
    =lleague1 'an" #$e Prime
    Minis#er $as (ersnall% gi+en
    me $is assuran=e $e is #6'
    '@ell1' &unning$am sai"1 '%u'"
    /e##er in,rm $im , 2$a#'s
    ging n u( $ere6'
    Messer+% =alle" n Lia'a# Ali
    *$an a ,e2 $urs la#er n $is
    2a% # Ln"n6 As serene as a
    Bu""$a n a /asDrelie, in #$e
    #em(les , )an"$ara1 Lia'a# Ali
    *$an reassure" #$e =mman"er
    , $is arm%6 His ,ears 2ere
    grun"less1 $e sai"6 Pa.is#an
    2ul" ne+er #lera#e su=$ an
    a=#in6 He 2ul" imme"ia#el%
    =n#a=# #$e &$ie, Minis#er , #$e
    Pr+in=e an" r"er $im # s#(
    $is u#rageus a=#ins6 T$us
    reassure"1 Messer+% ,le2 ,, #
    Ln"n # (ur=$ase #$e s$ell an"
    =annn # ,uel #$e =n,li=# #$a#
    $a" /een s =are,ull% "esigne"
    # eru(# "uring $is a/sen=e6
    T$e Pa.is#aniD*as$miri !rn#ier1
    55D5A O=#/er 37A8
    I#s lig$#s u#1 i#s m#r =u#1 #$e
    (reD2ar !r" s#a#inD2agn sli"
    #$rug$ #$e gla=ial nig$# # "ra2
    # a s#( a $un"re" %ar"s ,rm
    #$e /ri"ge6 Be$in" i# s#re#=$e" a
    =$ain , "ar. s$a"2s1 a =lumn
    , #ru=.s ea=$ ,ille" 2i#$ silen#
    men6 T$e ,ra=as , #$e #rren#s
    , #$e J$elum Ri+er rus$ing
    #$rug$ i#s r=.% /e" /el2
    #$em ,ille" #$e nig$#6 In #$e
    s#a#inD2agn1 Saira/ Ha%a#
    *$an1 a 5?D%earDl" lea"er , #$e
    Mslem League's )reen S$ir#s1
    ner+usl% (i=.e" a# #$e
    '*ASHMIR D ONLY
    *ASHMIR!'
    #i(s , $is ,laring mus#a=$e6
    T$e #erri#r% , #$e s#a#e , *a
    la% a# #$e #$er en" , #$e /ri"ge
    /e,re $im6
    E%es ,iCe" # #$a# /ri"ge1 $e
    2a#=$e" ,r #$e ,lare 2$i=$ #ell
    $im #$a# #$e Mslem #r(s ,
    Hari Sing$'s arm% n #$e si"e
    $a" mu#inie"1 .ille" #$eir Hin"u
    ,,i=ers1 =u# #$e #ele($i #
    Srinagar an" seiQe" #$e guar" a#
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #$eir en" , #$e /ri"ge6 Sui $e
    sa2 i#s rsea#e #ail =u# an ar=
    agains# #$e /la=. nig$# s.%6 *$an
    s#ar#e" $is s#a#inD2agn an"
    lur=$e" a=rss #$e /ri"g 2ar ,r
    *as$mir $a" /egun6
    A ,e2 minu#es la#er $is =lumn
    rlle" un((se" in# #$e =i s$e"
    , #$e li##le =i#% ,
    MuQa,,ara/a"6 A (air , slee(ing
    = agen#s s#um/le" u# # 2a+e i#
    # a $al# ,r #$eir ins(e=#in6 S$
    #$eir 2ar=ries1 #$e Pa#$ans lea(#
    n #$em6 T$e% (ursue" ne =
    /a=. # $is s$e" 2$ere $e
    "es(era#el% #rie" # =li=. sme
    li,e i "ea" #ele($ne6 T$ere #$e
    angr% Pa#$ans #ie" $im u( 2i#$ #l
    , #$e useless ins#rumen#6
    T$e %ung lea"er , #$e
    in+asin's a"+an=e guar" 2as Bi
    T$e (era#in =ul" n# $a+e
    /een mre su==ess,ul6 T$e r
    Srinagar la% (en /e,re #$e
    Pa#$ans1 3?0 miles , (a+
    "e,en"e" ra"1 a (rmena"e
    2i#$u# "anger #$e% =ul" =V
    /e,re "a%/rea.6 @i#$ #$e ,irs#
    lig$# , "a2n1 #$usan"s ,
    #ri/esmen 2ul" s2ee( in# #$e
    slee(ing =a(i#al , Hari Saira/
    Ha%a# *$an an" $is a"+an=e
    guar" 2ul" +er2/ (ala=e6 He
    2ul"1 $e #$ug$#1 /ring #$e
    Ma$araBa $is / #ra% an" 2i#$ i#
    #$e ne2s #$a# 2as ging # ,l%
    arun" #$e +I #$is 55n" ,
    O=#/er 37A86 *as$mir
    /elnge" # Pa.is#an6
    T$e %ung man 2as 'ui=.l%
    "isa/use" , $is "ream6 T$e s#
    2$ $a" =n=ei+e" #$is in+asin
    $a" ma"e ne ,a#al mis=al=
    @$en Saira/ Ha%a# *$an
    2an#e" # se# $is ,r=e n #$e
    Srinagar1 $e "is=+ere" i# $a"
    "isa((eare"6 T$ere 2as n#
    Pa#$an arun" $is +e$i=les6 T$e%
    $a" ,a"e" in# #$e nigl =rusa"e
    # "eli+er #$eir Mslem /r#$ers
    , *as$mir $a" /e a n=#urnal
    eC=ursin # #$e Hin"u /aQaar ,
    MuQa,!ara/a
    Be=ause , #$e l# in i#s s=res
    , s$(s1 M$amme" A 2ul"
    ne+er again +isi# #$e -ale ,
    *as$mir6 'I# 2as e+er% $imsel,1'
    Saira/ *$an re=alle"6 FT$e
    #ri/esmen s$# smas$e" in
    "rs an" ri((e" u# an%#$ing ,
    +alue6'
    Des(airing1 Saira/ *$an an" $is
    ,,i=ers #rie" # s#V li#erall%
    #ugging a# #$eir r/es in an e,,r#
    # (ull #$em ai #$eir l#6 '@$a#
    are %u "ing?' $e .e(# (lea"ing6
    '@e $ # Srinagar6'
    I# 2as a =n=er# ,r #$e "ea,6
    N#$ing =ul" =$e=. #$a# i

    ,renQ% ,r l#6 Srinagar 2as n#
    ging # /elng # #$se Pa#$an
    #ri/esmen #$a# O=#/er nig$#6
    Or"ering #$eir a"+an=e # #$e
    r$%#$m , #$eir (illaging1 #$e%
    2ul" re'uire A: $urs # =+er
    #$e neC# 80 miles "2n # #$e
    (2er s#a#in 2$se "es#ru=#in
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    $a" (lunge" #$e (ala=e , Hari
    Sing$ in# "ar.ness6
    Ne2 Del$i1 5A O=#/er 37A8
    T$e ,irs# ne2s , #$e #ri/al
    in+asin , *as$mir rea=$e"
    Ne2 Del$i mre #$an A: $urs
    a,#er Saira/ Ha%a# *$an's
    a"+an=e guar" $a" seiQe" i#s .e%
    /ri"ge +er #$e J$elum Ri+er6
    T$e In"ian )+ernmen# re=ei+e"
    i#1 n# in a "es(airing
    =mmuni=a#in ,rm #$e
    Ma$araBa1 /u# #$rug$ a =$annel
    as remar.a/le as i# 2as
    unr#$"C6 Alng #$e (rin=i(al
    $ig$2a% , #$e PunBa/'s eC"us1
    a/+e #$e ra" 2$ere ,r eig$#
    2ee.s #$e 2re#=$e" millins $a"
    ,le"1 sus(en"e" ,rm #$e (les
    n 2$i=$ #$e /la#e" +ul#ures
    s#ill (er=$e"1 2as a #ele($ne
    line Un.ing In"ia an" Pa.is#an6
    T$an.s # #$a# line i# 2as s#ill
    (ssi/le ,r Ra2al(in"i 384A #
    =all a num/er 2$i=$ mig$# $a+e
    /een a 2rl" a2a%1 Ne2 Del$i
    ?4386 T$se 2ere #$e (ri+a#e
    num/ers , #$e &mman"ersDinD
    &$ie, , #$e Pa.is#ani an" In"ian
    Annies6 T$e% 2ere Bri#is$6 T$e%
    2ere =lse ,rien"s6 T$e% 2ere
    ,rmer =mra"es in #$e l"
    In"ian Arm%6
    Jus# /e,re ,i+e '=l=. n #$e
    a,#ernn , !ri"a%1 5A O=#/er1
    MaB6 )en6 Duglas )ra=e%1
    re(la=ing )eneral Messer+%
    2$'" /een sen# # Ln"n1 g#
    $is ,irs# in#ima#in , 2$a# $a"
    $a((ene" in *as$mir #$rug$ a
    se=re# in#elligen=e re(r#6 I# ga+e
    #$e rai"ers' s#reng#$1 armamen#
    an" #$eir l=a#in6 )ra=e% "i"
    n# $esi#a#e6' He imme"ia#el%
    2en# # #$e (ri+a#e ($ne in
    Messer+%'s 'uar#ers an"
    =mmuni=a#e" #$a# (re=ius
    in,rma#in # #$e las# man
    Jinna$ 2ul" $a+e 2an#e" # ge#
    i#1 #$e man 2$ =mman"e" #$e
    nl% ,r=e 2$i=$ =ul" "en%
    *as$mir # #$e rai"ers1 #$e
    &mman"erDinD&$ie, , #$e
    In"ian Arm%6
    L#6 )en6 Sir R/ L=.$ar#1 a
    S=# an" a San"$urs# =lassma#e
    , )ra=e%'s1 2as s#unne" /% $is
    l" ,rien"'s re(r#6 He in #urn
    =mmuni=a#e" i# # #2 mre
    (e(le1 /#$ , #$em Englis$H
    #$e )+ernrD)eneral1 Lr"
    Mun#/a##en1 an" !iel"DMars$al
    Au=$inDle=.6
    T$e "ialgue ini#ia#e" /%
    )ra=e%'s #ele($ne =all #$a#
    a,#ernn 2as #$e ,irs# in an
    eC#rar"inar% series ,
    =n+ersa#ins6 T$e =n,li=# Bus#
    eru(#ing 2ul" (se ,r #$e
    Englis$ ,,i=ers in+l+e" in i# an
    a((alling mral "ilemma6 As
    men1 #$e% 2ere =n=erne" 2i#$
    (re+en#ing #$e s(rea" , #$e
    =n,li=#1 2i#$ s#((ing #$e
    In"ians an" Pa.is#anis 2$ $a"
    /een #$eir =mra"es in arms
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    ,rm .illing ea=$ #$er6 As
    ,,i=ers1 #$e r"ers #$e% 2ul"
    re=ei+e 2ul" ,re'uen#! run
    "ire=#l% =un#er # #$se "esires6
    T$e =ll'u% (ene" in )ra=e%'s
    an" L=.$ar#'s eC=$ange 2u
    =n#inue1 e+en 2$en #$e armies
    #$e% =mman"e" 2ere ,a=ing ea;
    #$er in #$e sn2s , *as$mir6
    T$eir a##i#u"e 2ul" earn ,r #$
    un$a((% Englis$men #$e se+ere
    "isa((r+al , #$e g+ernmen#s
    #$ ser+e" an" $as#en #$eir
    "e(ar#ure ,rm #$e su/D
    =n#inen#6 Ye#1 # ,a=# #$a# an allD
    u# 2ar1 2i#$ all #$e senseless
    .illing i# 2ul" $a in+l+e"1 "i"
    n# /rea. u# /e#2een In"ia an"
    Pa.is#an #$a# au#ui 2as "ue in n
    small (ar# # #$e se=re#
    eC=$anges =arrie" /% #l
    #ele($ne 2ire lin.ing
    Ra2al(in"i 384A # Ne2 Del$i
    ?4386
    Mun#/a##en re=ei+e" #$e ne2s
    as $e 2as "ressing ,r a /an' in
    $nur , T$ailan"'s !reign
    Minis#er6 @$en #$e las# gues# 3
    le,#1 $e as.e" Ne$ru # s#a%
    /e$in"6 T$e Prime Minis#er 2as
    s#um /% #$e ne2s6 T$ere 2as
    s=ar=el% a (ie=e , in,rma#in
    #$a# == $a+e u(se# $im mre6 He
    l+e" $is an=es#ral $me a/+e
    all (la li.e 'a su(remel%
    /eau#i,ul 2man 2$se /eau#%
    is alms# im(ers= an" a/+e
    "esire'6 He l+e" 'i#s ,eminine
    /eau#% , ri+er an" +s an" la.e
    an" gra=e,ul #rees'6 Time an"
    again "uring #$e s#ruggle
    ,ree"m $e $a" gne $me #
    =n#em(la#e #$e '$ar" munl an"
    (re=i(i=es an" sn2D=a((e"
    (ea.s an" gla=iers1 an" =ruel
    ,ier=e #rren#s rus$ing "2n #
    #$e +alle%s /el2'6
    T$e )+ernrD)eneral 2as #
    "is=+er an#$er Ne$ru r
    *as$mir issue6 T$e =l1
    "e#a=$e" in#elligen=e
    Mun#/a##e a"mire"
    "isa((eare"1 # /e re(la=e" /%
    an ins#in=#i+e1 em# res(nse
    ,uelle" /% (assins e+en #$e
    *as$miri Bra$min =uli =n#rl6
    'As &alais 2as 2ri##en u(n #$e
    $ear# , %ur Lueen U Ne$ru
    2ul" =r% u# # $im ne "a% #
    eC(lain $is a##i#u" *as$mir is
    2ri##en u(n mine6'
    S#ill an#$er s#rm% in#er+ie21
    #$is ne 2i#$ !iel"DMT
    Au=$inle=.1 remaine" ,r
    Mun#/a##en6 T$e Su(reme
    &mm #l" #$e )+ernrD
    )eneral $e 2an#e" # airli,#
    imme"ia#el% a / , Bri#is$ #r(s
    # Srinagar # (r#e=# an"
    e+a=ua#e i#s $un"r re#ire"
    Bri#is$ers6 I, #$e% 2eren'# g#
    u#1 $e 2arne"1 #$e% 2 #$e
    +i=#ims , a ,rig$#,ul rg% ,
    ra(e an" massa=re6
    'I am srr%1' Mun#/a##en sai"1 'I
    =ann# agree6' H2e+er< #$a#
    (rs(e=# 2as1 $e =ul" n#
    en"rse #$e use , Bri#is$ s n
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    #$e sil , a su/D=n#inen#
    /e=me in"e(en"en#6 I, #$e
    ging # /e mili#ar% in#er+en#in
    in *as$mir1 $e "e=lare"1 a< $e
    2as =n=erne" i# 2ul" $a+e #
    /e /% In"ian1 n# Bri#is$1 'T$se
    (e(le u( #$ere 2ill all /e
    mur"ere" an" #$eir /l= /e n
    %ur $an"s1' an angr%
    Au=$inle=. (r#es#e"6 '@ell1' #$e
    un$a((% Mun#/a##en re(lie"1 'I
    s$all Bus# $a+e #$a#
    res(nsi/ili#%6 I#'s #$e (enal#% ,
    $a+ing #$e B/6 Bu# I'm n# ging
    # ans2er ,r 2$a# 2ill $a((en i,
    Bri#is$ #r(s ge# in+l+e"6'
    T$e ,ll2ing a,#ernn a D&?
    , #$e R%al In"ian Air !r=e
    (u# "2n n #$e a/an"ne" "ir#
    s#ri( , Srinagar Air(r#6 I#
    =arrie" -6 P6 Menn1 #$e =i+il
    ser+an# 2$ $a" (resi"e" +er
    s man% (rin=el% a==essins #
    In"ia1 &lnel Sam Mane.s$a2
    , #$e In"ian Arm%1 an" an air
    ,r=e ,,i=er6
    T$e "e=isin # sen" #$e #$ree
    men # Srinagar $a" /een #a.en
    /% an eC#rar"inar% mee#ing ,
    #$e =a/ine#'s De,en=e &mmi##ee
    #$a# mrning6 T$e =mmi##ee
    $a" /een =n,rn#e" 2i#$ a (lea
    ,r $el( ,rm #$e /eleaguere"
    Ma$araBa6 @rrie" /% $is
    =n+ersa#in 2i#$ Au=$inle=.1
    a2are , $2 in#ense Ne$ru's
    ,eelings 2ere1 Mun#/a##en $a"
    realiQe" mili#ar% in#er+en#in
    2as li.el%6 De#ermine" i# s$ul"
    $a+e a legal ,rame2r.1 $e $a"
    =n+in=e" $is g+ernmen# #$a#
    In"ia s$ul" n# sen" $er #r(s
    in# *as$mir un#il #$e Ma$araBa
    $a" ,,i=iall% a==e"e"1 #$us
    ma.ing $is s#a#e legall% a (ar# ,
    In"ia6
    He 2en# e+en ,ur#$er6 He 2as as
    a##a=$e" # =er#ain "em=ra#i=
    n#ins in In"ia's ser+i=e as $e
    $a" /een in #$e ser+i=e ,
    )erge -I6 Jus# as $e $a" al2a%s
    /elie+e" i# 2ul" /e im(ssi/le
    ,r Bri#ain # remain in In"ia
    agains# In"ia's 2ill1 s $e
    /elie+e" #$ere =ul" /e n
    slu#in in *as$mir #$a# ran
    a#$2ar# #$e sen#imen#s , i#s
    Mslem maBri#%6 He $a" n
    "u/# 2$a# #$e% 2ere6 'I am
    =n+in=e"'1 $e 2ul" 2ri#e in a
    re(r# # $is =usin #$e *ing n
    8 N+em/er1 '#$a# a ((ula#in
    =n#aining su=$ a $ig$
    (r(r#in , Mslems 2ul"
    =er#ainl% +#e # Bin Pa.is#an6'
    Des(i#e Ne$ru's reser+a#ins1 $e
    (ersua"e" $is Prime Minis#er
    an" $is &a/ine# # a##a=$ #
    *as$mir's a==essin a =a(i#al
    (r+isin6 T$e Ma$araBa's
    a==essin 2ul" /e =nsi"ere"
    #em(rar%6 I# 2ul" /e ren"ere"
    (ermanen# nl% a,#er la2 an"
    r"er $a" /een res#re" an" i#
    $a" /een =n,irme" as
    re(resen#ing #$e 2ill ,
    *as$mir's ((ula#in /% a
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    (le/is=i#e6
    -6 P6 Menn 2as r"ere" #
    Srinagar # (resen# #$e &a/ine#'s
    #erms i #$e Ma$araBa 2$ile #$e
    ,,i=ers a==m(an%ing $im
    s#u"ie" #$e mili#ar% si#ua#in6
    @$ile #$e% ,le2 ,,1 #$e ,rmer
    Su(reme Allie" &mman"er
    Su#$DEas# Asia se# in m#in
    #$e (re(ara#ins ,r an $is#ri=
    airli,# # *as$mir6 He r"ere" ali
    In"ia's =i+il air #rans(r# # "r(
    #$eir (assengers 2$ere+er #$e%
    2ere an" $ea" ,r Del$i6
    U>K E E >
    S$r#l% /e,re mi"nig$# n
    Sa#ur"a%1 59 O=#/er1 %e#
    an#$er re,ugee Bine" #$e
    grea#es# eC"us in $is#r%6 T #$e
    #en an" a $al, millin Hin"us1
    Si.$s an" Mslems 2$ $a"
    ,le" #$eir $mes #$a# au#umn
    2as a""e" ne mre ,igure1 Hari
    Sing$1 #$e Ma$araBa , *as$mir
    His /ull=. =ar# 2as a
    =m,r#a/le Ameri=an s#a#inD
    2agn lea"in a =ara+an , #ru=.s
    an" =ars in#K2$i=$ $is ms#
    (re=ius /elnging $a" /een
    (a=.e"6 N marau"ing /an"s
    2ere ging # mena=e $i ,lig$#H
    $is 2ellDarme" /"%guar" 2ul"
    2a#=$ +er $is +%age Nr
    2ul" $is #ri( "eli+er #$e
    "2n=as# Ma$araBa # a =$lera
    in,es#e" re,ugee =am(1 /u# # a
    (leasura/le eCile in %e# an#$e
    (ala=e1 $is 2in#er (ala=e in
    Jammu1 2$ere $e $a" n=e
    2el=me" #$ Prin=e , @ales
    an" $is %ung AD&1 Lr" Luis
    Mun#/a##er T$ere1 2$ereD$is
    su/Be=#s 2ere (re"minan#l%
    Hin"u1 $e =ul" $( # "2ell in
    sa,e#%6
    Mr 'A' an" $is ,u#ile $(es ,
    in"e(en"en=e $a" /een engul,e
    /% #$e (re=i(i#us rus$ , e+en#s6
    All Hari Sing$'s maneu+res $a
    2n $im /arel% #$ree mn#$s
    u#si"e #$e a((le /as.e# Luis
    Murn /a##en $a" #en"ere" $im6
    On #$e a"+i=e , -6 P6 Menn1 $e
    2, lea+ing $is mena=e" =a(i#al
    2$ile Menn re#urne" # Del$i
    # in,ri $is =lleagues #$a# #$e
    Ma$araBa 2as rea"% # a==e(#
    an% #erms #$e (r(se" in re#urn
    ,r #$eir ai"6
    He 2ul" ne%er again se# ,# in
    #$e (ala=e $e 2as ,leeirig #$
    nig$#6 In a ,e2 %ears1 2$en #$e
    (ala=e $a" /een =n+er#e" in#
    luCur% $#el1 #$e =rri"rs alng
    2$i=$ $e $a" ,rli=.e" 2i#$ #l
    ,,i=ers , #$e arm% 2$se
    l%al#% $a" (r+e" s ,ragile
    2u 2el=me 2eal#$% Ameri=an
    #uris#s6 @$ile $is ser+an#s
    em(#i $is s#rng/Ces , #$eir
    (earls1 emeral"s an" "iamn"s1
    Hari Sin $imsel, sug$# u# #$e
    #2 /Be=#s $e #reasure" ms#1
    $is ma#=$ Pur"e% s$#guns 2i#$
    2$se /lueD/la=- /arrels $e $a"
    /las#e" 3 2a% # #$e 2rl"'s
    "u=. s$#ing re=r 36 A glum
    eC(ressin n 3 ,a=e1 $e =aresse"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    #$eir 2ellDile" s#=.s6 T$en1
    =are,ull% l=.i #$em in# #$eir
    lea#$er =ase1 $e =arrie" #$em #
    $is 2ai#ing V $imsel,6
    A,#er a "i,,i=ul# se+en#eenD$ur
    #ri(1 #$e Ma$araBa's =araU rea=$e"
    Jammu6 T$e eC$aus#e" Hari
    Sing$ 2en# imme"ia#el% $is
    (ri+a#e 'uar#ers # re#ire6 Be,re
    ging # slee(1 $e =alle" an Al #
    issue $is las# r"er as a ruling
    ma$araBa6 '@a.e me u( (nlg -6
    P6 Menn re#urns ,rm Del$i1' $e
    sai"1 '/e=ause #$a# 2ill mi In"ia
    $as "e=i"e" # =me # m%
    res=ue6 I, $e "esn'# =me /e,i
    "a2n1 s$# me in m% slee( 2i#$
    m% ser+i=e re+l+er1 /e=ause i,
    $asn'# arri+e"1 i# 2ill mean all is
    ls#6'
    As sn as #$e%'" re#urne" #
    Del$i1 -6 P6 Menn an" #$e i
    ,,i=ers 2$'" a==m(anie" $im
    # Srinagar ma"e #$eir re(r

    an#$er mee#ing , #$e &a/ine#'s
    De,en=e &mmi##ee6 T$eir
    2r"s ma"e sm/re $earing6
    T$e Ma$araBa 2as rea"% a# las#
    # (resen# *as$mir # In"ia1 /u#
    #$e Pa#$an rai"ers 2ere nl% ?0
    miles ,rm Srinagar an" =ul" a#
    an% mmen# seiQe #$e nl%
    air(r# in *as$mir n 2$i=$
    In"ia =ul" lan" $er #r(s6
    T$e Bri#is$ =mman"ers , In"ia
    s arm% an" air ,r=e /#$ raise"
    /Be=#ins # mili#ar%
    in#er+en#in6 I# 2ul" /e a
    "is#an#1 "angerus (era#in in
    #$e mi"s# , a ((ula#in 2$i=$
    =ul" 2ell (r+e $s#ile6
    Sensing #$e in#ensi#% , In"ian
    em#in n #$e issue1
    Mun#/a##en +errule" #$em6 He
    2arne" #$a# #$e (era#ins #$e%
    2ere em/ar.ing n =ul" /e
    lng an" in+l+e ,ar mre men
    an" resur=es #$an an%ne mig$#
    ,resee6 Bu# 2i#$ $is &a/ine#
    "e#ermine" # a=#1 Mun#/a##en
    #$re2 #$e ,ull 2eig$# , $is 2n
    mili#ar% eC(erien=e in# #$e
    /alan=e6
    He r"ere" an airli,# # s#ar#
    ,l%ing #r(s # Srinagar a# "a2n
    #$e ,ll2ing mrning6 E+er%
    a+aila/le #rans(r# in #$e
    =un#r%1 =i+il an" mili#ar%1 2as
    # /e use" in #$e e,,r#6 T$e
    #r(s 2ul" $a+e # =ling a# all
    =s#s # #$e air(r# an" Srinagar
    un#il rein,r=emen#s in armur
    an" ar#iller% =ul" rea=$ #$em /%
    lan"6 T$se rein,r=emen#s 2ere
    r"ere" # lea+e imme"ia#el% /%
    #$e nl% lan" lin. Bining In"ia
    # *as$mir1 #$e ina"e'ua#e ra"
    &%ril Ra"=li,,e's (en=il $a"
    (r+i"en#iall% "eli+ere" # In"ia
    2$en $e $a" assigne" Ne2
    Del$i #$e #2n , )ur"as(ur
    2i#$ i#s largel% Mslem
    ((ula#in6
    @$ile #$e ,renQie" (re(ara#ins
    ,r #$e (era#in 2ere un"er
    2a%1 Mun#/a##en r"ere" -6 P6
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    Menn # ,l% # Jammu6 Hari
    Sing$ 2ul" n# "ie , a /ulle#
    in #$e /rain n #$e ,irs# nig$# ,
    $is ,lig$#6 -6 P6 Menn rea=$e"
    $is /e"si"e /e,re #$e eC(ira#in
    , #$e ul#ima#um #$e Ma$araBa
    $a" gi+en $is AD&6 @i#$ $im1
    a2ai#ing nl% Hari Sing$'s
    signa#ure1 2as #$e A=# ,
    A==essin 2$i=$ 2ul" (r+i"e
    a legal ,rame2r. ,r In"ia's
    a=#in6
    -6 P6 Menn 2as /a=. in $is
    Del$i $me la#e n #$e e+ening
    , #$a# same Sun"a%1 59 O=#/er6
    AleCan"er S%mn1 Bri#ain's
    De(u#% Hig$ &mmissiner1
    Bine" $im ,r a "rin. a ,e2
    minu#es a,#er $is re#urn6 Menn
    2as Bu/ilan#6 He (ure" #$em
    ea=$ a s#i,, "rin.6 As #$e% sa#
    "2n1 an enrmus smile s(rea"
    a=rss $is ,a=e6 He raise" $is
    glass # S%mn6 T$en $e (ulle" a
    (ie=e , (a(er ,rm $is Ba=.e#
    (=.e# an" 2a+e" i# gail%
    #2ar"s #$e Englis$man6
    'Here i# is1' $e sai"6 '@e $a6'e
    *as$mir6 T$e /as#ar" signe" #$e
    A=# , A==essin6 An" n2 #$a#
    2e'+e g# i#1 2e'll ne+er le# i# g6'
    > > >
    In"ia 2ul" /e #rue # -6 P6
    Menn's (rmise6 T$e ?57 Si.$s
    , #$e
    !irs# Si.$ Regimen# an" eig$#
    #ns , ma#erial lan"e" /% nine E
    n a mira=ulusl% em(#%
    Srinagar air,iel" a# "a2n1
    Mn"a% O=#/er1 2ul" /e Bus#
    #$e ,irs# ins#almen# in an
    unin#erru(#e" , men an"
    ma#erial In"ia 2ul" (ur in#
    *as$mir6 E+en#i 3441444 In"ian
    sl"iers 2ul" ,ig$# in #$e
    sn2% $ig$lan"s #$a# /een
    (ara"ise ,r s man% #ru#
    ,is$ermen an" $un#ers , #$e e$
    i/eC6
    &uriusl%1 i# 2as n# s mu=$ #
    mili#ar% genius r # #$e er an"
    "e#ermina#in , #$eir sl"iers
    #$a# #$e In"ians 2ul" 2e
    ini#ial su==ess in *as$mir1 as #
    ,ur#een !ren=$1 S=##is$1 S(a
    I#alian an" Pr#uguese nuns ,
    #$e !ran=is=an Missinaries , N
    B% (ausing # sa=. #$eir =n+en#
    in #$e li##le =i#% , Baram nl%
    ?4 miles ,rm Srinagar1 2$en
    #$e% s$ul" $a+e /een "r n #$e
    =a(i#al , *as$mir an" i#s +i#al
    air,iel"1 #$e Pa#$an ra 2ul" en"
    Jinna$'s "ream , Bining
    Je$angir's /el+e" +ale # na#in6
    All "a%1 Mn"a%1 58 O=#/er1
    2$ile #$e !irs# Si.$s sei #$eir
    ,ragile $l" n *as$mir's nl%
    air(r#1 #$e Pa#$ans in mulla$
    2ere gi+ing +en# # #$eir an=ien#
    a((e#i#es ,r ra(e (illage6 T$e%
    +ila#e" #$e nuns1 massa=re" #$e
    (a#ien#s in #$eir =lini=1 l#e" #$e
    =n+en# =$a(el "2n # i#s las#
    /rass "rD.
    T$a# e+ening1 =lu#=$ing $er
    =ru=i,iC an" (ra%ing ,r '#$e
    =n+V
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    , *as$mir'1 #$e =n+en#'s
    Belgian M#$er Su(erir1 Sis#er
    A"el#ru"e1 "ie" , $er 2un"s6
    Her sa=ri,i=e an" #$a# , $er
    nuns an" (a#ien#s 2ul" n#
    s$a.e #$e $l" , Islam n i#s ai
    Li1 *as$miri s#rng$l" a#
    #$e ,# , #$e Himala%as6 Bu#
    #$eT
    gi+en #$e sl"iers , Ja2a$arlal
    Ne$ru #$e =ri#i=al $urs #$e% n #
    ins#all #$emsel+es in #$e -ale ,
    *as$mir6
    T$e% 2ul" n# lea+e again6 B%
    #$e #ime #$e Pa#$ans resume=
    a##a=. i# 2as # la#e6 T$e
    In"ians s#emme" #$eir a"+an=e1
    2$en #$eir ,irs# armure" =ars
    arri+e" +er Ra"=li,,e's ra"1 i
    #$e rai"ers in a (i#=$e" /a##le
    u#si"e Srinagar6 )ra"uall% #$e%
    #$em in "isr"er /a=. u( #$e
    -ale , *as$mir1 alng #$e
    #$rug$ 2$i=$ #$e%'" "es=en"e"
    n Srinagar1 #2ar"s #$e # #$e%'"
    seiQe" n a /i##er O=#/er nig$#
    /elie+ing all *as$mir /e #$eirs
    2i#$u# ,iring a s$#6 See#$ing
    2i#$ anger1 Jinna$ #$e Bri#is$
    =mman"ers , $is arm% /%
    sen"ing Pa.is#ani "isguise" as
    irregulars # *as$mir # s#i,,en
    #$e "emraliQe" rT Mre #ri/al
    le+ies 2ere raise"1 an" ,r
    mn#$s in #$e $s#ile = 2in#er
    #$e 2ar 2ul" rage n6
    Ul#ima#el%1 #$e "is(u#e 2ul"
    rea=$ #$e Uni#e" Na#inH l+el%
    +ale1 2$se name $a" /een #$e
    las# 2r"s # (ass #$e liB "%ing
    Mg$ul1 2ul" #a.e i#s (la=e
    alngsi"e Berlin1 Pales#ir *rea
    in #$e galler% , #$e 2rl"'s
    unsl+e" (r/lems6 T$e

    ?0:

    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT

    =i#e # 2$i=$ Mun#/a##en $a"
    2i#$ su=$ "i,,i=ul#% se=ure"
    Ne$ru's agreemen# 2ul" /e
    relega#e" # #$a# +as# ,ile ,
    ,rg##en g" in#en#ins6 T$e
    s#a#e 2ul" remain "i+i"e"
    alng #$e /a##le lines , 37A:1
    #$e -ale , *as$mir in In"ian
    $an"s1 #$e nr#$ern #erri#ries
    arun" )ilgi# 2i#$ Pa.is#an6 A
    'uar#er , a =en#ur% la#er1
    *as$mir's "is(u#e" (ssessin
    2ul" remain #$e (rin=i(al
    su/Be=# , "is=r" /e#2een In"ia
    an" Pa.is#an1 #$e ne seemingl%
    insurmun#a/le /arrier # #$eir
    re=n=ilia#in6
    T2 Bra$mins ,rm Pna
    Pna1 3 N+em/er 37A8
    T$e %ung Hin"u mili#an# 2$
    $a" le" $is ,ll2ers n 30 Au
    in #$eir salu#e # #$e s2as#i.aD
    s#am(e" /anner , #$e R i i V1
    =nl (la#e" 2i#$ 2n"ering e%es
    #$e 2$i#e2as$e" s$e" 2$i=$ 2as
    al # /e=me #$e ne2 $me ,
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    $is ne2s(a(er #$e Hin"u
    Ras$#ra1 Hin"u Na#in6 T$e s$e"
    s$el#ere" a ,la#D/e" (ress an" a
    #ele ma=$ine , #$e Press Trus#
    , In"ia6 NeC# # i#1 a leanD#
    s#re#= +er #$e ,e2 u(#urne"
    (a=.ing =ases an" #res#le #a/les
    #$a# s#i#u#e" #$e (a(er's e"i#rial
    ,,i=es6
    T$a# 2as $ar"l% an ins#alla#in
    # ins(ire a R#$ermere Hears#1
    %e# n AnglDSaCn'(ress lr"
    e+er eCul#e" +er $is ^ an" s#eel
    $ea"'uar#ers 2i#$ a (urer B%
    #$an #$a# ra"ia#ing ,rn ,a=e ,
    Na#$uram )"se6 He 2as
    "resse" in #$e s(ar#an 2ar" #$a#
    2as $is uni,rmH a /agg% 2$i#e
    s$ir#1 a +es# , ra2 =##n1 a
    sarngDli.e "$#i =are,ull%
    arrange" in #$e #ra"i#inal Mar
    s#%le1 i#s le,# en" $.e" un"er
    $is leg an" #$e /ul. , i#s H
    ga#$ere" n $is rig$# $i(6 His
    usuall% "ur mien 2as enli+ene"
    2i"e i, sme2$a# #ense smile as
    $e m+e" ,rm gues# # g
    slemnl% assuring ea=$ , $is
    "e#ermina#in # re"e"i=a#e $is
    Bi # #$e Hin"u =ause6
    A# #$e =en#re , #$e (ar.ing l#
    2as a small #a/le 2$se =n
    )"se $a" arrange" $imsel, 2i#$
    #$e ,ussiness , a $s#ess se u#
    #ea ,r #$e +isi# , #$e l=al
    "2ager6 As #$is 2as an aus(ii
    ==asin1 i# 2as la"en 2i#$
    ar#,ull% "is(la%e" (iles ,
    s2ee#sH mun"s , /ar,i1 =ils ,
    $al+a1 gela#inus S'uares ,
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    2i#$ sugar6 Be$in" #$em1
    (er=la#ing gs 2as an enrmus
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    #$rug$u na#i+e Pna ,r #$ree
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    miles # "r =u( , =,,ee in a
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    s(ar#an a/u# #$e 2ar"r/e ,
    Nara%an A(#e6 Tnig$# $e 2H
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    , ,ur#i+eness1 a .in" ,
    un"ers#a#e" s#eal#$6 His smile
    2as ne+er ,ull1 /u# al2a%s 'ui=.6
    He 2as )"se's (ar#ner an" al#er
    eg1 #$e /usiness manager an"
    a"minis#ra#r , #$e Hin"u
    Ras$#ra6 His "r%1 /la=. $air $a"
    alrea"% /egun # re#rea# /a=.
    a=rss $is s=al(6 A# #$e /a=. ,
    $is $ea"1 $2e+er1 i#s =ils
    (r#ru"e" ,rm #$e un"ersi"e ,
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    $is s.ull s #$a#1 in (r,ile1 A(#e1
    2i#$ $is sl(ing ,re$ea" an"
    lng ,ine nse1 resem/le" a .in"
    , mas=uline Ne,er#i#i6 His
    "minan# ,a=ial ,ea#ure 2as $is
    e%es6 T$e% 2ere s,# an" /la=.
    an" #$eir gaQe ne+er le,# $is
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    $is ,rien"s sai"1 's(.e 2i#$ $is
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    (e(le lis#ene"'6
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    %unger #$an $is (ar#ner6 He 2as
    as immerse" in #$e 2rl" as
    )"se 2as "e#a=$e" ,rm i#6 He
    2as a "er an" a m+er1 an
    rganiQer an" a (lanner6 N2
    #$a# #$e gues#s 2ere ser+e"1 $e
    s#e((e" # #$e =en#re , #$e
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    , #$e /ar" "eli+ering $is
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    (resen#e" #$e ,irs# a##ra=#in ,
    #$e e+ening1 a s(ee=$ /% $is
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    &are,ull% r=$es#ra#ing #$e rising
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    #$rug$ #$e su/Be=#s #$a# $a"
    (re==u(ie" $im sin=e Luis
    Mun#/a##en $a" (u/lis$e" $is
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    )an"$i1 &ngress an" In"ia's
    "i+isin6 ')an"$i sai" In"ia 2ul
    "i+i"e" +er $is "ea" /"%1' $e
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    #$eir enemies6 N21 2$ile Hin"u
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    "e,en"s #$eir Mslem
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    sa+e #$emsel+es ,rm /eing
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    n #$e (en s#ree#s 2$ile #$e
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    =en#uries #$e +=a#in , =i#% ,
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    e"u=a#in in Ln"n's Inns
    &ur#6 T$e lessns $e $a" "ra2n
    ,rm $is s#a% in #$a# san=#uar%


    ?95
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    Bri#is$ /ureau=ra#1 $e 2riggle"
    u# , a (r#$le in Marseilles
    ,rm #$e s$i( #a.ing $im /a=. #
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    gi+en a "u/le li,eDsen#en=e #
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    Islan"s1 nl% # /e release" in a
    (s#D2ar (li#i=al amnes#%6
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    +ilen=e6 His "=#rine 2as
    Hin"u#+a1 #$e "=#rine , Hin"u
    ra=ial su(rema=%1 an" $is "ream
    2as , re/uil"ing a grea# Hin"u
    em(ire ,rm #$e sur=es , #$e
    In"us # #$se , #$e
    Bra$ma(u#ra1 ,rm &a(e
    &mrin # #$e Himala%as6 He
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    ,un"e" in Pna n 30 Ma%
    37A56 Ea=$ , i#s mem/ers
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    '"i=#a#r>6 Besi"es #$eir alms#
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    '"i=#a#r'1 an#$er m%s#i=1 e+en
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    T$e% s$are" #$a# ms# res#ri=#i+e
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    T@O BRAHMINS !ROM
    POONA
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    $is n#e/. 2$en $e s#ar#e"6 In
    #$e s$a"2s in ne =rner , l#
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    2as .n2n # #$e (li=e6 His
    "ssier /re #$e same n#a#in
    A(#e'sH 'P#en#iall% "angerus6'
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    a (rin#ing (ress6 I# 2as -is$nu
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    #$rug$u# In"ia1 $a" ,allen a,#er
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    nl% # ser+e $is ,a#$er6 Be,re
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    minis#ering # $is mas#er's ms#
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    mr#als1 #$e mar#ini lea"ers 2$
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    AN OLD MAN AND
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    T$ea#


    ?99

    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT

    T@O BRAHMINS !ROM
    POONA

    ?98

    sa+uring ,ilms li.e S=arJa=e
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
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    $ear#s6 !i


    ?9:

    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT

    T@O BRAHMINS !ROM
    POONA

    ?97

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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    37A8
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    ," /e se# u(n $is #a/le
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    remaining # #$em6 A#
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    reser+es $a" ##alle" ,ur /illin
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    an imme"ia#e a"+an=e , 544
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    #$e /alan=e , $er s$are an
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    an" Ma"anlal ,le" A$me"nagar6
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    # #$eirs6
    [VF]b
    Ne2 Del$i1 35 Januar% 37A:
    S mu=$ $a" =$ange" sin=e #$eir
    =ru=ial mee#ings in #$is same +ii
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    2i#$$l" Pa.is#an's 004 millin
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    !6M6
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    ,as# $a" n# $a"6 Bu# #$e ,as#
    als (er(leCe" man% /e=ause1
    unli.e &al=u##a1 n u#/urs# ,
    +ilen=e $a" (re=e"e" )an"$i's
    su""en "e=isin # /egin i#6
    Del$i 2as #ense1 /u# #$e
    =mmunal massa=res in #$e =i#%
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    $a" s#((e"6 Ye# )an"$i1 2i#$
    $is in#ui#i+e ,eeling ,r $is
    (e(le1 $a" (er$a(s sense"
    sme#$ing #$ers "i" n#H #$a#
    an#$er massi+e eC(lsin ,
    +ilen=e 2as "angerusl% =lse
    # eru(#in in In"ia6
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    =n"i#ins $e'" se# ,r en"ing i#
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    =ns#erna#in an" e+en u#rig$#
    $s#ili#%6 &n"i#ins in Del$i
    2ere ,ar less =n"u=i+e #
    su==ess #$an $a" /een #$eD=ase
    in &al=u##a6 T$e =a(i#al 2as +
    ,l2ing 2i#$ re,ugees =r%ing u#
    #$eir $a#re" , #$e Mslems1
    es=a(e #$e =l" an" miser% ,
    #$e re,ugee =am(s1 #$e% $a" seiT
    ms'ues an" Mslem $mes all
    a=rss #$e =i#%6 N2 #$eir Ma$a#
    2an#e" #$em # re#urn #$se
    "2ellings # #$eir $a#e" Mslem
    2n an" g /a=. # #$eir
    2re#=$e" =am(s6 )an"$i's
    "e=isin # ma.e (a%men# #
    Pa.is#an , i#s 004 millin
    ru(ees a =n"i#in ,r en" $is
    ,as# als in,uria#e" a 2i"e
    segmen# , (u/li= (inin an"
    "i+ii #$e In"ian )+ernmen#6
    All #$se =nsi"era#ins1
    $2e+er1 n2 la% /e$in" #$e s.ii
    =#genarian slee(ing in #$e sun
    u#si"e Birla Huse6 !r 2ei
    e+en mn#$s1 i# mig$# $a+e
    seeme" # sme #$a# )an"$i
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    message $e $a" (rea=$e" a
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    #$e ris$is 2$i=$ $e $a" use" s
    "rama#i= agains# #$e Bri#is$1
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    all In"ia ' $e 2as an" 2$a# $e
    s#" ,r6 !r #$e las# #ime1 $e
    2as ,r=ing =un#r%men #
    (n"er #$e meaning , $is li,e
    an" #$e niessag $a" sug$# #
    "eli+er #$em6
    Pna1 3? Januar% 37A:
    Se+en $un"re" miles ,rm #$e
    =a(i#al , In"ia1 in #$e 2$i#eD2a
    s$e" in 2$i=$ /arel% #en 2ee.s
    earlier #$e% $a" inaugura#e" #$e
    ,,i=es , #$eir Hin"u Ras$#ra
    ne2s(a(er1 #2 men s#" #rans
    /e,re #$e glass 2in"2 , a
    #ele#%(e ma=$ine6 T$e ,l2 , u
    /ulle#ins (uring ,rm #$eir
    #ele(rin#er 2ul" al#er irre+=a/l
    "es#inies , Na#$uram )"se
    an" Nara%an A(#e6 T$e% ann+
    #$e /eginning , )an"$i's ,as#
    an" #$e =n"i#ins $e'" se# ,r =i
    i#6 One , #$em =a#al%se" #$e
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    ra" # a =rime #$a# 2ul" $e #$e
    2rl"6 I# 2as )an"$i's "eman"
    ,r #$e (a%men# , Pa.iH 004
    millin ru(ees6
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    (li#i=al /la=.mail6 T$e ma
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    2$m $e $a" n=e gne # Bail
    an" 2$m $e n2 la#$e" 2i#$
    in#ensi#% 2as #r%ing # =er=e
    In"ia's g+ernmen# in# surren=
    # #$e Mslem ra(is#s an"
    mur"erers6 Li.e A(#e1 li.e all #$e
    Hin"u ,ana#i=s , Pna1 )"se
    $a" ,#en (r=laime" i# 2# a
    /lessing i, )an"$i 2ere ,r=i/l%
    rem+e" ,rm #$e In"ian (
    s=ene6 His 2r"s1 as #$eirs1 $a"
    /een n#$ing mre #$an #$e rs ,
    a (li#i=al ,ana#i=6
    )"se #urne" # A(#e6 AH $is
    gran"ise (lans ,r guerrilla
    (aigns in H%"era/a"1 ,r .illing
    Jinna$1 2ere 'si"es$2s'1 $e


    Onl% ne a=# s$ul" =n=ern
    #$em n26 T$e% mus#
    =n=en#ra#e all #$eir energies1 all
    #$eir resur=es1 n ne su(reme
    /Be=#i+e6 '@e mus# .ill )an"$i1'
    )"se "e=lare"6
    T$e las# s$a,#s , Del$i's 2in#er
    sunlig$# 2arme" #$e slen"er
    /r2n ,igure , Ma$a#ma
    )an"$i as $e a"+an=e" 2i#$
    s#ea"% s#ri"es a=rss #$e
    imma=ula#el% #rimme" la2n ,
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    2al. alne6'
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    "e=lare"1 2as 'an a((eal # )"
    # (uri,% #$e suls , all an"
    ma.e #$em #$e same6 Hin"us an"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    $ere as /r#$ers6'
    Lis#ening # #$se 2r"s1 ea=$
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    Margare# Bur.eD@$i#e
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    'grea#ness $+ere" +er #$a# ,rail
    li##le ,igure #al.ing s earnes#l%
    in #$e "ee(ening #2ilig$#'6
    'Del$i is n #rial n21' $e
    2arne"6 '@$a# I "eman" is #$a#
    n amun# , slaug$#er in In"ia
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    "u#%6' S$ul" all #$e Hin"us an"
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    in #$is =un#r% mus# /e
    (r#e=#e"'6 All =mmuni#ies1 all
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    '#rue In"ians1 /% re(la=ing
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    2rl" is ,u#ile6'
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    Pna1 3? Januar% 37A:
    N (r%ing e%es /ser+e" #$e
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    #$e 2r"s s(.en /% Na#$uram
    )"se #$a# nig$# 2ere #$e i
    im(r#an# an In"ian (li=eman
    =ul" $ear6 Besi"e $im1 un=$ara
    is#i=all% silen#1 2as $is (ar#ner
    A(#e6 O((si#e $im 2ere -i
    *ar.are1 #$e 2ner , #$e
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    Pa$2a1 #$e PunBa/i re,ugee
    2$m #$e s#ars $a" "es#ine"
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    )"se re+ie2e" #$e In"ian
    (li#i=al s=ene ,r #$em6 T$e
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    '@e mus# s#( )an"$i1' $e
    "e=lare"6
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    Pa$2a's imme"ia#e agreei
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    ((r#uni#% # sa+ur #$a# re3
    $e'" sug$# sin=e $e'" le,# $is
    ,a#$er n $is $s(i#al /e" in !er
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    siC mn#$s earlier6 *ar.are
    agree" as 2ell6
    !rm #$e Hin"u Ras$#ra1 #$e
    ,ur men 2en# # #$e $me V
    arms (e""ler 2$ 2al.e" a/u#
    Bm/a% Pr+in=e "isguise"
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    $is earrings an" ne=.la=es V
    /la=. +el+e# =l#$1 Digam/er
    Ba"ge se# n # a rug n $is ,l
    =$i=es# i#ems in $is armur%6
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    T$e% a sele=#in , $an"D
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    Na#$uram )"se 2as a i ,e2
    (ssessins6 His 2ere
    re(resen#e" /% #$e #2 sli(s ,
    (a


    ?:4

    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT

    se# /e,re a =ler. in #$e Pna
    ,,i=e , #$e Orien#al Li,e
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    2$i=$ )"se $a" ne+er
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    5444 ru(ees1 $e assigne" # #$e
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    '##$/rus$'1 a =are,ull% s$re""e"
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    , lu.e2arm 2a#er an"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    /i=ar/na#e , s"a6 )an"$i
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    @$en $e $a" ,inis$e"1 $e #urne"
    # a #as. $e $a" /een /r"ing
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    ,as# =an ma.e me gi+e i# u(1' $e
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    # li+e6F'
    His =$an=es , sur+i+al 2ere
    alrea"% a =n=ern # #$e %ung
    girl 2$ 2as $is "=#r6 His
    ($%si=al resur=es $a"
    "iminis$e" n#a/l% sin=e $is
    re#urn # Del$i6 His .i"ne%s $a"
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    (la=e" n #$em6 His anguis$ a#
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    ?:3
    'LET )ANDHI DIE!'
    $is
    2eig$ing6Sus$ilaNa%%ara"mi##e
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    Na%%ar .ne21 2i#$ /ru#al
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    s2i,#ness1
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    ?:5

    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT

    'LET )ANDHI DIE'6'

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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    a# #$e -i=#ria Terminus1 #$e
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    s#a#in in 2$i=$ s man% %ung
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    ?::
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    Hun"re"s , ,ai#$,ul =r2"e"
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    namas#e1 re#urning e+en in slee(
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    a"mirers6
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    =un#r%men /u#1 n2 #$a# i# $a"1
    $e 2as "e#ermine" n# # le# g1
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    2ul" =ease # $a+e an% in#eres#
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    lea"ers # $is /e"si"e # assure
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    AN OLD MAN AND
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    s$e 2ul" remem/er 50 %ears
    la#er1 re=alling #$a# (ar#ing in a
    =r2"e" rail2a% s#a#in6
    'Rman=e an" re+lu#in 2ere
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    ur "reams6'
    As )(al rea=$e" #$e =arriage
    "r1 s$e (ulle" $im # $er6
    '@$a#e+er $a((ens1 "n'# 2rr%1'
    s$e 2$is(ere"1 'I s$all ,in" a
    2a% # #a.e =are , m%sel, an"
    #$e =$il"6' S$e (resse" in# $is
    $an"s a (a=.e# , =$a(a#is s$e
    $a" ma"e ,r $im # ea# "uring
    #$e +%age6 T$en s$e "re2 /a=.
    an" 2a#=$e" $im se##le in# $is
    sea#6 In a =a=($n% , /anging
    =u(lings an" s$u#e" ,are2ells1
    #$e #rain /egan # lur=$ ,r2ar"6
    @a+ing #$eir "aug$#er's =$u//%
    arm1 s$e s#" #rans,iCe" n #$e
    (la#,rm1 2a+ing g"/%e1
    2a#=$ing $is (ru" sil$ue##e
    "isa((ear1 silen#l% 2is$ing $im
    '#$e /es# , su==ess' 2i#$ all #$e
    ar"ur , $er mili#an#'s $ear#6
    Des(i#e $is =ri#i=al s#a#e1
    )an"$i's min" remaine" =r%s#al
    =lear #$a# Sa#ur"a% mrning6 He
    $a" en#ere" #$e #$ir" an" ,inal
    ($ase , a ,as#6 T$e ,irs# A:
    $urs 2ere al2a%s =$ara=#eriQe"
    /% in#ense s#ma=$ =ram(s an"
    $unger (ains6 T$en #$e nee" ,r
    ," (asse"1 # /e ,ll2e" /%
    #2 r #$ree "a%s , nausea an"
    "iQQiness6 @$en #$e% in #urn $a"
    run #$eir =urse a s#range
    #ran'uilli#% in+a"e" $im6 A(ar#
    ,rm a =ns#an# a=$ing in $is
    Bin#s1 2$i=$ Manu an" $is #$er
    ai"e massage" 2i#$ g$ee1 $e n
    lnger su,,ere"6 @$ile Sus$ila
    an" $er #$ree =lleagues "e/a#e"
    $2 man% $urs , li,e
    remaine" # $im1 $e 2as
    #ran'uill% 2ri#ing a ,e2 2r"s in
    Bengali n #$e /a=.s , $is l"
    en+el(es6
    @$en $e'" ,inis$e" $e ges#ure"
    # $is se=re#ar% P%arelal Na%ar6
    His un,ailing sense , #iming
    $a" n# a/an"ne" $im6 I, $is
    ,as# 2as n #$e +erge ,
    a=$ie+ing i#s gal as $is
    ,ll2ers (rmise" $im i# 2as1
    #$en #$e #ime $a" =me # ma.e
    sure #$a# 2$a# i# se=ure" 2ul"
    /e (ermanen# an" n# Bus# #$e
    resul# , a =m(assina#e "esire
    # sa+e $is li,e6 He "i=#a#e" #
    P%arelal a se+enD(in# =$ar#er ,
    #$e =n"i#ins $e 2is$e"
    ,ul,ille" i, $e 2as # en" $is ,as#6
    T$e lea"ers$i( , e+er% (li#i=al
    rganiQa#in in Del$i1 in=lu"ing
    $is ,es , #$e Hin"u
    Mal#asa/$a1 2ul" $a+e # sign
    i# /e,re $e 2ul" =nsi"er $is
    #erms $a" /een me#6 T$e
    =n"i#ins 2ere un/Be=#ina/le
    in (rin=i(le1 %e# rea=$e" u# #
    #u=$ alms# e+er% ($ase , #$e
    =i#%'s li,e6 T$e% range" ,rm
    re#urning # #$e Mslems #$e 33'
    ms'ues seiQe" an" =n+er#e"
    in# $mes r #em(les /%
    re,ugees #V en"ing #$e /%=## ,
    Mslem s$(.ee(ers in #$e
    /aQaars , 43V Del$i an"
    guaran#eeing #$e sa,e#% ,
    Mslem +%agers6
    Na%ar rus$e" ,, # (resen# $is
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    =n"i#ins # #$e Pea=e &m
    mi##ee es#a/lis$e" # sa+e
    )an"$i's li,e6 Del$i 2as
    2ra((e" in ] m" , #ensin
    an" eC=i#emen# su=$ as i# $a" n#
    seen sina In"e(en"en=e Da%6 A
    2a+e , ((ular ,er+ur
    eC(l"e" ,rn &nnaug$# &ir=us
    # #$e ms# rem#e alle%2a%s ,
    #$e =i#%6 E+er% 2$ere (e(le
    mar=$e" a/u# in =$an#ing
    =r2"s6 Del$i's =mmer=ia li,e
    sim(l% s#((e"6 O,,i=es1 s#res1
    ,a=#ries1 /aQaars1 =a,es1 all 2ere
    =lse"6 Alms# a $un"re"
    #$usan" (e(le , all =as#es an"
    =mmuni#ies assem/le" in a
    mamm#$ rall% /e,re Ol"
    Del$i's Juma MasBi"1 s$u#ing
    ,r #$eir lea"ers # a==e(#
    )an"$i's "eman"s T$e Hin"u
    ,rui# (e"lars , Sa/Qiman"i1 ne
    , #$e =a(i#al's ms# eC(lsi+e
    areas1 rus$e" # Birla Huse #
    in,rm )an"$i #$a# #$eI 2ere
    en"ing #$eir /%=## , #$eir
    Mslem =lleagues6
    Insi"e1 )an"$i s2ung /e#2een
    /urs#s , lu=i"i#% an" a =ma#se
    s#a#e6 Smene sugges#e" a""ing
    a ,e2 #eas(ns , range Bui=e
    #= $is 2a#er6 Aler#1 $e (ene" $is
    e%es an" (r=laime" #$a# 2ul"
    /e a sa=rilege 2$i=$ 2ul"
    /lige $im # ,as# ,r 53 "a%s6
    Sus$ila Na%%ar /egge" # /e
    all2e" # '=u(' $is .i"ne%s1 #
    =+er #$em 2i#$ su=#in =u(s
    2$i=$ mig$# s(ee" u( #$eir
    sl2ing r$%#$m6 He re,use"6
    'Bu# Ba(u'1 s$e (r#es#e"1 'i#'s a
    (ar# , #$e na#ure =ure %u
    a==e(#'6
    'T"a%1' $e murmure" 2ea.l%1
    ')" is m% nl% na#ure =ure6'
    His ms# "e+#e" "is=i(le1
    Ja2a$arlal Ne$ru1 a/an"ne" $is
    Prime Minis#er's ,,i=e # si# /%
    $is (alle#6 T$e s(e=#a=le , #$e
    l" man's "e=line 2as # mu=$
    ,r #$e lea"er 2$'" /een $is
    ,a+uri#e sn +er #$e lng %ears
    , #$eir =rusa"e #ge#$er6 Una/le
    # /ear i#1 Ne$ru #urne" $is ,a=e
    # a =rner an" 2e(#6
    Luis Mun#/a##en an" $is 2i,e
    =ame in #$eir #urn6 T$e eCD
    -i=er% 2as as#nis$e" #
    "is=+er #$a#1 "es(i#e #$e
    #rmen#s $e'" en"ure"1 )an"$i
    s#ill $a" a '=$i(mun.is$ gl2'1
    $e 2as s#ill =a(a/le , li##le
    /urs#s , $umur6
    'A$1' )an"$i sai" in gree#ing1 'i#
    #a.es a ,as# n m% (ar# # /ring
    #$e mun#ain # Ma$me#6'
    E"2ina 2as (r,un"l%
    sa""ene"6 As #$e% le,# $is rm1
    s$e /urs# in# #ears6 'Dn'# /e
    sa"1' $er $us/an" #l" $er6 He
    $a" /een ins(ire" /% #$e sig$#6
    'He's "ing 2$a# $e 2an#s # "1'
    $e sai"6 'He's a ms# /ra+e li##le
    man6'
    N ($enmenn 2as as "ee(l%
    r#e" in #$e In"ian (s%=$e1D nr
    as
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    "e,ian# , (re=ise "e,ini#in1 as
    #$e m%s#i= ri#e , "ars$an6 A
    (easan# eC(erien=e" "ars$an
    2$en1 a,#er 2al.ing /are,# ,r
    $un"re"s , miles1 $e ,irs#
    glim(se" #$e 2a#ers , #$e Hl%
    M#$er )anges6 He .ne2 i#
    again 2$en #$e ,irs# ri+ule#s ,
    #$a# sa=re" 2a#er =urse" "2n
    $is s.in6 A man mig$# $a+e i# in
    Hin"uism's ms# sa=re" s$rines1
    a# a =rema#in1 a# a (li#i=al
    rall%1 in #$e =r2" arun" a grea#
    lea"er r1 a/+e all1 in #$e
    (resen=e , a $l% man6 Dars$an
    (r"u=e" an in"e,ina/le =urren#1
    (assing ,rm gi+er # re=ei+er1 a
    /lessing1 a /ene"i=#in1 #$e
    emana#in , sme /ene,i=en#
    s(iri#ual in,luen=e6
    On #$e a,#ernn , Sa#ur"a%1 38
    Januar%1 #$a# an=ien# an"
    im(erius In"ian nee" ,r
    "ars$an ,un" eC(ressin ,r
    #2 men se(ara#e" /% 844 miles1
    /% an alms# un/ri"gea/le gul,
    , sen#imen#1 %e# 2$se names
    2ere sn # /e lin.e" /% #$e
    #i"es , $is#r%6
    T$e +i=e #$a# rea=$e" #$e
    ,ai#$,ul 2$ =r2"e" n # #$e
    la2n , Birla Huse #$a#
    a,#ernn ,r )an"$i's e+ening
    (ra%ers 2as li##le mre #$an a
    ,ain# gas(6 )an"$i /arel% $a" #$e
    ,r=e # s(ea. ,r #$ree minu#es1
    an" e+en #$se minu#es 2ere
    (un=#ua#e" /% lng silen=es as
    $e gr(e" ,r #$e s#reng#$ # g
    n6 'I# is n# 2i#$in an%/"%'s
    (2er # sa+e m% li,e r en" i#1>
    $e sai"6 'I# is nl% in )"'s
    (2er6'
    T"a% $e #l" $is au"ien=e $e
    sa2 'n reasn' ,r en"ing $is
    ,as#6 A 2rrie" gran es=a(e"
    #$e =r2"6 As sn as #$e (ra%er
    2as =n=lu"e" all ,ell in# a lng
    =lumn ,r #$eir e+ening
    "ars$an6 T$e sense , anguis$
    ,illing #$se men an" 2men
    2as #erri/le6 T$e ne2s , $2
    =lse )an"$i 2as # "ea#$ $a"
    /% n2 #u=$e" #$em all6 Man%
    a srr2ing In"ian 2al.ing
    sl2l% a=rss #$e la2n , Birla
    Huse in #$e ,as#D,alling sunse#
    2n"ere" 2$e#$er $e 2as a/u#
    # see In"ia's )rea# Sul ,r #$e
    las# #ime6J !r alms# an $ur
    #$eir #u=$ing "ars$an 2en# n1
    #$e lng an" silen# =lumn
    s$u,,ling /%1 man% ,a=es 2e#
    2i#$ #ears1 2$ile n #$e sunD
    (r=$ #$e ,rail an" 2i#$ere" li##le
    #$ing #$a# 2as #$e =en#re , #$eir
    a##en#in #sse" in ,i#,ul slee(
    un"er $is 2$i#e s$a2l6
    E+er%#$ing 2as rea"% n26
    Ma"anJal an" *ar.are 2ere in
    Del$i 2i#$ #$eir $an"Dgrena"es1
    #ime /m/s an" #$e $meDma"e
    (is#l Ba"ge $a" ,un" #$em6
    )(al )"se 2i#$ a se=n"
    (is#l 2as en ru#e # Bin #$em6
    Ba"ge 2ul" lea+e in $is #urn
    #$a# e+ening6 An" in /arel% an
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    $ur's #ime1 A(#e an" Na#$uram
    )"se 2ul" /ar" #$e Air In"ia
    D&? #$a# 2ul" se# #$em
    irre+=a/l% n #$e ra" Birla
    Huse6
    T$e #2 men 2ere 2el=me" #
    Sa+ar.ar Sa"an 2i#$ #$e sa
    "e,eren=e #$e% $a" /een s$2n
    n @e"nes"a% e+eningD T$is #i
    #$eir s#a% 2as /rie,6 Sa+ar.ar
    a==m(anie" #$em /a=. "2n i
    s#airs # #$e grille , $is sa"an6
    His ms# ar"en# "is=i(les 2ere
    se## u# # mur"er a man -eer
    Sa+ar.ar "e#es#e" 2i#$ all #$e
    ,ur% 2$i=$ $is Qeal#'s sul 2as
    =a(a/le6 Des(i#e #$a# ,a=#1 #$ere U
    n#$ing in $is rigi"l% =m(se"
    "emeanur # in"i=a#e #$e ennr
    , #$a# mmen#6 Har"l% an
    em#in regis#ere" n $is gla=ial
    rega $is #au#1 (urse" $(s6 He lai"
    a $an" n )"se an" A(#e's
    s$ul"e
    'Be su==ess,ul1' $e 2/is(ere"1'666
    an" =me /a=.6'
    In Ne2 Del$i an in#ermina/le
    ,l2 , $uman /eings =n+erge"
    Birla Huse1 i#s mem/ers
    /esee=$ing )an"$i # en" $is
    ,as#6 T$ (ure" "2n
    Al/u'uer'ue Ra"1 a =lumn
    3441444 s#rng1 #$i miles in
    leng#$1 2a+ing a galaC% ,
    =lure" ,lags an" /anners1 I
    rar , #$eir =r% 'Li+e )an"$i #'
    #en #$usan" #imes s#rnger #$
    #$e =ries , 'Le# )an"$i Die' #$a#
    $a" rung u# n #$a# same s#r6
    ,i+e "a%s earlier6
    T$e Ass=ia#in , Tnga
    Dri+ers'1 FT$e Rail2a% @r.e
    Unin>1 'Ps# an" Telegra($
    Em(l%ees'1 FT$e HariBans , I
    B$angi S2ee(ers' &ln%'1
    'Del$i's @men's League'T #$e%
    /; #$e signs , an en#ire (e(le
    seiQe" /% #$e urgen# nee" # rus$
    2ar"s #$e (alle# 2$ere #$e
    Ma$a#ma la% "%ing6 T$e%
    ,l"e" #$ru #$e ga#es , Birla
    Huse1 #ram(ling i#s ,l2er/e"s
    an" rse gar"e a ///ing #i"e ,
    $ea"s =r%ing u# #$eir slgans ,
    /r#$er$i ,,ering #$eir li+es #
    sa+e )an"$i's6
    Sensing #$eir m"1 sensing
    (er$a(s #$a# #$e =limaC , )an"l
    e,,r#s 2as a# $an"1 Ne$ru
    m+e" # #$e mi=r($ne n #$e
    (raT grun" ,rm 2$i=$ #$e
    Ma$a#ma a""resse" $is
    ,ll2ers6
    'I sa2 #$e ,ree"m , In"ia as a
    +isin1' $e sai"6 'I $a" =$ar! #$e
    ,u#ure , Asia n m% $ear#6' I#
    2as )an"$i1 $e #l" #$e =r+ 'an
    ""Dl.ing man 2i#$ n ar# ,
    "ressing an" n (lis$ in 3 2a%
    , s(ee=$'1 2$ $a" gi+en $im
    #$a# +isin6
    'T$ere is sme#$ing grea# an"
    +i#al in #$e sil , ur =un#
    2$i=$ =an (r"u=e a )an"$i1' $e
    =rie"6 'N sa=ri,i=e 2as # grV
    # sa+e $im /e=ause nl% $e =an
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    lea" us # #$e #rue gal an" n# #
    ,alse "a2n , ur $(es6'
    A su""en "is=r"an# n#e1 #$e
    angr% =r% , (r#es# , a re,u# in
    #$e =r2" milling in ,rn# ,
    Birla Huse1 gree#e" $is 2r=6s6
    =ame ,rm #$e li(s , Ma"anlal
    Pa$2a6 Dri+en /% a .in" ,
    mr/i" =urisi#%1 *ar.are an"
    Ma"anlal $a" ,ll2e" #$e
    =r2"s # Birla Huse1 lis#ening
    # #$em /esee=$ing #$e man #$e%
    $a" =me # Del$i # .ill # en"
    $is ,as#6 Una/le # =n#rl $is
    em#in a# Ne$ru's 2r"s1 #$e
    54D%earDl" Ma"anlal $a"
    =mmi##e" #$e in=re"i/l% s#u(i"
    /lun"er , s$rie.ing u# $is
    (r#es#6
    *ar.are 2a#=$e" in "es(air as
    #2 (li=emen #. $im in#
    =us#"%6 I, #$e $a#e" ,igure
    insi"e #$e $use sur+i+e" $is
    ,as#1 *ar.are #l" $imsel,1 $e
    mig$# n21 /e=ause ,
    Ma"anlal's i"i#i= ges#ure1 ne+er
    $a+e # ,a=e #$eir a##em(# n $is
    li,e6
    *ar.are's ,ears 2ere grun"less6
    A ,e2 minu#es la#er1 as #$e
    =r2"s "ri,#e" a2a%1 Ma"anlal
    2as release"6 Disgrun#le"
    re,ugees 2ere =mmn(la=e in
    Del$i6 T$e (li=e $a" n# e+en
    /#$ere" # 'ues#in $im r #a.e
    $is name6%
    La#e in #$e e+ening a man rus$e"
    in# Birla Huse6 In $is $an"s
    P%arelal Na%ar /re #$e ne
    message 2$i=$ =ul" sa+e
    )an"$i ,rm #$e "ea#$ $is
    "=#rs ,eare" 2as imminen#6
    )an"$i's li,e $ung n a #$rea"
    #$a# nig$#6 His (ulse 2as 2ea.
    an" irregular6 He $a" /een
    "elirius earlier in #$e e+ening6
    His =n#inuing ina/ili#% # (ass
    urine seeme" # ,re#ell a
    general =Bla(se , $is s%s#em6
    )an"$i 2as aslee( 2$en
    P%arelal en#ere" #$e rm1 /u# a
    ,unereal a#ms($ere (er+a"e"
    $is 'uar#ers6 P%arelal 2$is(ere"
    # $is /el+e" em(l%er6 He "i"
    n# m+e6 !inall%1 $e s$. $is
    s$ul"ers6 )an"$i s#irre" an" $is
    e%es (ene"6 P%arelal "re2 a
    (a(er ,rm $is (=.e#1 un,l"e"
    i# an" $el" i# u( # #$e
    Ma$a#ma's ,a=e6 I# 2as a =$ar#er
    #$e Pea=e &mmi##ee $a" Bus#
    signe"1 $e eC(laine"1 a (le"ge #
    res#re '(ea=e1 $armn% an"
    ,ra#erni#% /e#2een #$e
    =mmuni#ies'6
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    sa#is,a=#in6 T$en $e as.e" i, all
    #$e =i#%'s lea"ers $a" signe" i#6
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    #2 signa#ures1 $e a"mi##e"1
    #$se , #$e lea"ers , #$e l=al
    /ran=$es , #$e rganiQa#ins
    $ea"e" /% $is ms# im(la=a/le
    ,es1 #$e Hin"u Ma$asa/$a an"
    #$e RSSS6
    T$e% 2ul" sign #mrr21
    P%arelal sai"6 T$e #$ers
    guaran#ee" #$eir signa#ures an"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    #$eir a==e(#an=e , #$e =$ar#er6
    Brea. $is ,as# n21 P%arelal
    /egge"1 #a.e sme#$ing #
    sus#ain $im #$rug$ #$e =ming
    nig$#6
    )an"$i s$. $is $ea" in an
    im(a#ien# li##le ges#ure6 @i#$
    "i,,i=ul#% $e #urne" # $is
    se=re#ar%6
    'N1' $e murmure"6 'N#$ing
    mus# /e "ne in $as#e6 3 2ill n#
    /rea. m% ,as# un#il #$e s#nies#
    $ear# $as mel#e"6'
    A #ele($ne's Barring ring
    in#erru(#e" #$e mee#ing in #$e
    ,,i=e ,
    Dr RaBen"ra Prasa"1 #$e
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    T$ =ame ,rm Birla Huse6
    )an"$i's =n"i#in $a" #a.en a sU
    #urn ,r #$e 2rse6 I, #$e
    reslu#in a==e(#ing $is se+en
    (in#! #ime signe" /% all #$e
    lea"ers 2$se signa#ures $e'"
    re'ues#e" n# rus$e" # $is
    /e"si"e i# mig$# 2ell arri+e #
    la#e6 I# 2as 33644 Sun"a%1 3:
    Januar%6 !r alms# an $ur1
    )an"$i $a" /een "a usl% =lse
    # sli((ing in# a =ma6
    A s$a##ere" eC(ressin n $is
    ,a=e1 Prasa" (asse" #$e ne2s <
    men =r2"ing $is ,,i=e6 T$e%
    2ere #$ere # (u# #$e las# signs
    n #$a# =ri#i=al "=umen#1 #$e
    (a(er $is se=re#ar% $a" s$2n
    )T #$e e+ening /e,re6 Ta.ing a
    ,e2 .e% lea"ers 2i#$ $im an" #
    #$e #$ers # ,ll2 as ,as# as
    #$e% =ul"1 Prasa" rus$e" #
    Huse6 )an"$i 2as l%ing
    un=ns=ius n $is /e"1 #$e
    mem/# $is en#urage $+ering
    arun" $im li.e nurses arun" a
    V (a#ien#6 As $e $a" #$e e+ening
    /e,re1 P%arelal #rie" # =all #$en
    # 2a.e $im /% gen#l% =aressing
    $is ,re$ea"6 He "i" n (n"6
    Smene /rug$# a "am(
    =m(ress 2$i=$ 2as a((lie" 3
    $ea"6 As i#s =$ill (ene#ra#e" $is
    /eing1 )an"$i s#irre"1 #$en (
    $is e%es6 Seeing #$e ga#$ering
    arun" $im1 a ,ain# smile =rease
    ,a=e6 He $a" a==m(lis$e" a
    mira=le , 2$i=$ nl% $e 2as
    =a( T$e men s#an"ing /% $is
    /e"si"e 2ere "i+i"e" /% ri+ers
    , /l= an#agnisms =en#uries
    l"6 T$ere 2ere Si.$s in #$e /lue
    #ur/a #$e mili#an# A.ali se=# neC#
    # Mslems in ,eQQes an"
    ,l2ing rV &ngressmen in
    "$#isT Parsees an" &$ris#ians in
    Ln"nDi lunge sui#sT Hin"u
    Un#u=$a/les ,rm #$e B$angi
    S2ee &ln%T rangeDr/e"
    sa"$usT #$e lea"ers , #$e
    eC#remis#s Hin"u Ma$asa/$aT
    an" e+en #$e sel"mDseen
    re(resen#a#i+e , /r#$er$" ,
    Qeal#s1 #$e RSSS1 s#an"ing
    #ran'uill% alngsi" Hig$
    &mmissiner , Pa.is#an6
    RaBen"ra Prasa" .nel# "2n
    /esi"e #$e ,igure =rum(le" u(
    =$ar(i6 His se+enD(in# =$ar#er1
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    $e #l" )an"$i1 n2 /re al
    signa#ures $e'" re'ues#e"6 I# 2as
    #$eir unanimus1 "ee(l%D,el# #$a#
    $e /rea. $is ,as#6 One /% ne #$e
    men arun" #$e /e" =n,$
    Prasa"'s 2r"s 2i#$ #$eir 2n6
    A# #$eir re=i#al1 an air , sen
    ,l2e" a=rss #$e Ma$a#ma's
    =un#enan=e6 He in"i=a#e" #$a
    2an#e" # s(ea.6
    Manu (resse" $er ear agains# $is
    li(s6 S$e n#e" "2n ea=$ (i in a
    n#e/.1 #$en (asse" i# #
    P%arelal 2$ rea" i# # #$e ga#$eH
    T$e% $a" gi+en $im e+er%#$ing
    $e $a" as.e" ,r1 /u# $e 2as n#
    'ui#e rea"% # (rnun=e #$e
    2r"s #$e% s "es(era#el% 2a #
    $ear6 @$a# #$e% $a" a=$ie+e" in
    Del$i #$e% mus# n2 see a=$ie+e
    #$rug$u# all In"ia1 $e 2arne"6
    I, #$e% 2ere (le"ging ( in Del$i
    /u# 2ere ging # /e in"i,,eren#
    # +ilen=e else2$ere1 #

    (le"ge 2as 2r#$less an" $e
    2ul" /e ma.ing a mis#a.e #
    /rea. $is ,as#6
    E+en in $is ,ee/le =n"i#in1 #$e
    =unning "es(# , /r#$er$"
    .ne2 $e $a" #$e men arun"
    $im 2$ere $e 2an#e" #$em1 an"
    $e in#en"e" # eC#ra=# #$e las#
    measure , a==r" ,rm #$em6
    Pan#ing1 Le (ause" ,r #2
    minu#es # ga#$er $is s#reng#$
    /e,re /eginning again6 P%arelal1
    +er=me /% em#in1 =ul" n
    lnger rea" u# #$e s=ra(s ,
    (a(er Manu (asse" u( ,rm
    )an"$i's =$ar(i6 He $an"e" #$e
    #as. +er # $is sis#er Sus$ila6
    'N#$ing =ul" /e mre ,lis$
    #$an # #$in. In"ia mus# /e ,r
    Hin"us alne an" Pa.is#an ,r
    Mslems alne6 I# is "i,,i=ul# #
    re,rm #$e 2$le , In"ia an"
    Pa.is#an1 /u# i, 2e se# ur $ear#s
    n sme#$ing1 i# mus# /e=me a
    reali#%6
    'I,1 a,#er lis#ening # all #$is1 %u
    s#ill 2an# me # gi+e u( m% ,as#1
    I s$all " s6 Bu# i, In"ia "es
    n# =$ange ,r #$e /e##er1 2$a#
    %u sa% is a mere ,ar=e6 T$ere
    2ill /e n#$ing le,# ,r me /u# #
    "ie6'
    A #remr , relie, ri((le"
    #$rug$ #$e rm6 One /% ne
    #$e men (resen# =ame #
    )an"$i's /e"si"e # assure $im
    #$e% un"ers#" #$e ,ull im(r#
    , #$eir =+enan# 2i#$ $im6 T$e
    lea"er , #$e RSSS1 #$e
    rganiQa#in #$a# =laime" #$e
    allegian=e , #$e =mman"
    2$i=$ 2as in Del$i # mur"er
    )an"$i1 a""e" $is (le"ge # #$e
    #$ers6 'Yes1' $e +2e"1 '2e
    s2ear ,ull% # =arr% u# %ur
    =mman"s6'
    @$en #$e las# , #$eir
    (r#es#a#ins , g" ,ai#$ $a"
    /een u##ere"1 )an"$i /e=.ne"
    Manu /a=. # $is si"e6 'I 2ill
    /rea. m% ,as#6 )"'s 2ill /e
    "ne1' s$e 2r#e n $er (a"6 A
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    s$rie. , #$e (ures# B% /urs#
    ,rm $er li(s as s$e rea" #$se
    2r"s # #$e ga#$ering6
    An eC#rar"inar% air , relie,
    an" #rium($ s2e(# #$e rm1 a
    /urs# , en#$usiasm as eCu/eran#
    as #$a# gree#ing #$e ne2s , a
    ((ular =an"i"a#e's ele=#ral
    #rium($6 @$en i# $a" s#ille"1
    )an"$i insis#e" #$a# all Bin $im
    in (ra%er1 a Bu""$is# man#ra1
    rea"ings ,rm #$e )i#a1 #$e
    *ran1 #$e Bi/le1 #$e 'MaQ"a$'
    (ra%er , Rras#erism1 ,inall% a
    $%mn # #$e Si.$'s grea# guru1
    )+in" Sing$1 2$se ,eas# "a% i#
    2as6 )an"$i's e%es remaine"
    =lse"6 A ra"ian# air , B%
    illumina#e" $is (in=$e" li##le
    ,a=e as $e lis#ene"1 $is $(s
    m+ing a# ea=$ (ra%er6
    !r=ing $er 2a% #$rug$ #$e
    =r2" , ne2smen an"
    ($#gra($ers 2$'" s2arme"
    in# #$e rm a# #$e ne2s #$a#
    )an"$i 2as /rea.ing $is ,as#1
    A/$a /rug$# a glass , range
    Bui=e rein,r=e" 2i#$ glu=se #
    )an"$i's /e"si"eS+iaulana AQa"1
    a Mslem an" ,rmer (resi"en#
    , &ngress1 an" Ja2a$arlal
    Ne$ru1 /#$ #rem/ling 2i#$
    em#in1 #. #$e glass in #$eir
    $an"s an" raise" i# # )an"$i's
    li(s6 T$e glare , eC(l"ing
    ,las$D/ul/s ,ille" #$e rm 2i#$
    "aQQling


    In"ia's resilien#1 in"mi#a/le
    )rea# Sul 2as emerging ,rm
    #$e s$a"2s6
    A# a/u# #$e same #ime as
    )an"$i 2as mun#ing $is s=ales1
    siC men emerge" in# a li##le
    =learing in #$e "ense
    un"ergr2#$ s#re#=$ing /e$in"
    Ne2 Del$i's Birla Tem(le6
    T$ere1 2ell u# , ears$# , an%
    =urius +isi#rs1 #$e% (ause"6
    Be,re "e=i"ing 2$en an" $2
    # ma.e #$eir a##em(# n
    )an"$i's li,e1 Na#$uram )"se
    an" Nara%an A(#e 2an#e" # #es#
    #$e 2ea(ns 2i#$ 2$i=$ #$e%
    (lanne" # .ill $im6
    )(al )"se #. u# ,rm
    un"er $is Ba=.e# #$e D?5 =ali/re
    (is#l $e'" /ug$# in Pna ,r
    544 ru(ees6 He la"e" i#1 (i=.e"
    u# a #ree1 /a=.e" 50 ,ee# an"
    (ulle" #$e #rigger6 N#$ing
    $a((ene"6 He s$. i# an"
    (ulle" #$e #rigger again6 Again
    n#$ing $a((ene"6
    A(#e m#ine" # Ba"ge # #a.e
    u# $is (is#. @$ile $is ,ell2
    =ns(ira#rs l.e" n #ensel%1
    Ba"ge (in#e" #$e gun a# #$e #ree
    a# 2$i=$ )(al $a" /een aiming6
    He (ulle" #$e #rigger6 T$is #ime
    #$ere 2as a s$ar( re(r#6 T$e
    =ns(ira#rs rus$e" # #$e #ree #
    =$e=. #$e mar. #$e /ulle# $a"
    ma"e6 T$ere 2as nne6 I# $a"
    ,allen # #$e grun" $al,2a% #
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #$e #ree6 Ba"ge ,ire" again6 T$is
    #ime #$e run" ,le" 2ell # #$e
    rig$# , #$e #ree6 He ,ire" ,ur
    mre #imes6 N# a single run"
    $i# #$e #arge#6 As A(#e $a" ,eare"
    in Bm/a%1 $is (is#l 2as as
    li.el% # .ill #$em as i# 2as #
    .ill )an"$i6
    A "ismal silen=e se##le" +er #$e
    =ns(ira#rs6 Na#$uram )"se
    2a#=$e" 2i#$ silen# ,ur% as $is
    /r#$er /egan # (i=. a# $is
    (is#l 2i#$ $is ineC(er# ,ingers6
    E+er%#$ing $a" 2r.e"
    (er,e=#l%1 $e #$ug$#1 e+er%#$ing
    eC=e(# #$e +i#al elemen# #$a# 2as
    a# #$e $ear# , #$e ma##er1 a
    ,irearm #$a# =ul" .ill a man a#
    50 ,ee#6 T$e% $a" g# #$emsel+es
    an" #$eir luggage # Del$i
    un"e#e=#e"6 T$e% 2ere all
    =mmi##e" # #$e "ee"6 Bu# n21
    unless $is /r#$er =ul" ,iC $is
    ,irearm1 #$e% 2ul" $a+e # .ill
    )an"$i 2i#$ ne (is#l #$a#
    "i"n'# 2r. an" a se=n" #$a#
    =ul"n'# $i# an%#$ing6
    T$e ms# im(r#an# +isi#r #
    en#er Birla Huse #$a# "a% 2as
    #$e Bm/a% =##nD/r.er
    2$m )an"$i $a" sen# #
    *ara=$i # arrange $is +isi# #
    Pa.is#an6 As )an"$i $a" /een
    li+ing $is r"eal1 Je$angir Pa#el
    $a" /een =n"u=#ing se=re#
    neg#ia#ins 2i#$ Jinna$ ,r a
    #ri( 2$i=$ $a" a((eare" less an"
    less li.el% e+er # #a.e (la=e
    2i#$ ea=$ (assing "a%6 Jinna$'s
    ,irs# rea=#in $a" /een 2ar% an"
    $s#ile6 His "ee(1 ingraine"
    mis#rus# , #$e man 2$se
    #a=#i=s $a" "ri+en $im %ears
    /e,re ,rm #$e ran.s , #$e
    &ngress Par#% remaine"
    uns$a.en6 In a""i#in $is alms#
    (arania= sus(i=in , In"ia's
    in#en#ins (rm(#e" $im # l.
    ,r sme ul#erir m#i+e in #$e
    (r(sal , #$e man $e'" n=e
    la/elle" a '=unning Hin"u ,C>6
    In"ia's "e=isin # (a% $im #$e
    ru(ees $e s "es(era#el% nee"
    an" #$e gr2ing realiQa#in
    amng $is 2n =un#r%men #$a#
    i# 2 a,#er all1 ,r #$eir ,ell2
    Mslems in In"ia #$a# )an"$i
    2as su,,eri s,#ene" Jinna$'s
    s#an"6 I, )an"$i's ,as# $a" n#
    (ene" #$e "i # $is $ear#1 i# $a"
    a# leas# (ene" #$e "rs , $is
    ne2 na#in1 #$e "a% #$e ,as#
    en"e"1 Jinna$ ,inall% agree" #
    2el=me $is (li#i=al ,e # #$e
    sil , Pa.is#an6
    T$e "e=isin aruse" a saring
    sense , (ur(se an" +igui #$e
    Ma$a#ma6 ASrea# #urningD(in#
    in $is li,e $a" /een rea=$e"1 las#
    $e =ul" m+e $is "=#rine ,
    nnD+ilen=e u# , In"ia6 He _
    al2a%s re,use" # " s /e,re
    /e=ause In"ian in"e(en"en=e
    2as ,irs# #as.6 N2
    in"e(en"en=e 2as se=ure" an"
    $is ,as# $a" se# =un#r%men /a=.
    n #$e =urse $e'" =$ar#e" ,r
    #$em6 @$ere /e # /egin $is ne2
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    missin #$an in Pa.is#an? T$e
    In"ian su/D=n#ii $a" ls# i#s
    ($%si=al uni#%1 /u# $e1 a# leas#1
    2ul" s#ri+e # res#n s(iri#ual
    uni#%6
    N# nl% 2ul" $e g #
    Pa.is#an1 /u# $e $a" a +isin ,
    $U 2ul" g6 I# 2as a "ream
    #$a# $a" /een s#irring 2i#$in $im
    ,r 2e Jinna$ 2an#e" $im # g
    /% /a# ,rm Bm/a% #
    *ara=$i1 /u# 2as # /anal a
    means , l=m#in ,r a man
    2i#$ )an= genius ,r #$e
    "rama#i= ges#ure6 As $e $a"
    mar=$e" a=rss #$e /r , #$e
    Trans+aal1 as $e $a" gne "2n
    # #$e sea ,r $is ,is#,ul , as $e
    $a" gne # a #$usan" +illages
    # (rea=$ /r#$er$"1! +ilen=e
    an" (r(er $%giene1 s 2ul" $e
    g # Pa.is#anH n 3 He 2ul"
    2al. # Jinna$'s ne2 na#in
    a=rss #$e sre an" /lee PunBa/1
    alng #$e ra"s , #$e eC"us n
    2$i=$ s man% H ,ell2s $a"
    su,,ere" an" "ie"6 Jus# a %ear
    /e,re $e $a" /een 2al #$rug$
    #$e mars$es , Na.$ali
    "eli+ering 2i#$ ea=$ s#e(
    Peni#en#'s Pilgrimage $is $ealing
    message6 N2 $e 2ul" se again
    n a ne2 (ilgrimage1 a
    (ilgrimage , $(e # /in" u_
    na#in's 2un"s an" su/s#i#u#e a
    s(iri#ual /n" , /r#$er$"
    Bus#i=e ,r #$e ($%si=al /n"s
    (ar#i#in $a" =as# a2a%6
    !r #$e mmen# #$e ,ee# )an"$i
    2an#e" # =arr% $im # Pa. =ul"
    n# =arr% $im e+en a=rss #$e
    la2n , Birla Huse6 He n#1
    $2e+er1 ging # le# #$a#
    $an"i=a( .ee( $im ,rm #$e
    regular an" re+ere" , $is
    a((in#men#s1 $is "ail% =n,rn#
    2i#$ $is =un#r%men a# $is
    e+ening (ra%er mee#ing6 Des(i#e
    #$e , $is en#urage #$a# $e 2as
    s#ill # 2ea. # a##en" in (e
    )an"$i insis#e" n /eing =arrie"
    # #$e mee#ing in a =$air6 3 al,#
    n #$e s$ul"ers > a (air , $is
    ,ll2ers1 $e r"e li.e Orien#al
    (#en#a#e #$ri6 >$ #$e 2ai#ing
    =r2"1 $is $an"s Bine $ea"
    /2ing in #$e namas#e gree#ing
    # #$e s=res , (e(le 2ai#e"
    ,r a ne2 "ars$an 2i#$ In"ia's
    resus=i#a#e" (r($e#6

    6 +er% e%e in #$e =r2" ,ll2e"
    $is (rgress (as# Birla's lng
    6Hellis1 /ill2ing 2i#$ i#s range
    an" s=arle# /ugain+illaea
    /lssms1 u( #$e li##le ,lig$# ,
    san"s#ne s#e(s1 a=rss #$e la2n
    # #$e (la#,rm ,rm 2$i=$ a
    2ee. earlier $e $a" annun=e"
    $is nearD,a#al ,as#6 N# all #$e
    e%es s=ru#iniQing $is m+emen#s
    as $e se##le" n # $is s#ra2
    (alle# s#u"ie" #$em 2i#$ a2e an"
    re+eren=e1 $2e+er6 A# 2i"el%
    s=a##ere" in#er+als n #$e la2n1
    #$ree (airs , e%es 2a#=$e" 2i#$
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    an assassin's glare6 Na#$uram
    )"se1 $is /r#$er )(al1 an"
    Nara%an A(#e $a" n# =me #
    #$e (ra%er mee#ing # re=ei+e
    )an"$i's "ars$an6 T$e% 2ere
    #$ere # s#u"% #$e grun"s ,
    Birla Huse an" # ,in" a 2a% #
    assassina#e $im6
    I# 2as #$e ,irs# #ime in $is li,e
    )(al )"se $a" seen )an"$i6
    He 2asn'# im(resse" /% #$e 2an
    sil$ue##e s'ua##ing n $is (ra%er
    (la#,rm6 T )(al $e 2as 'Bus# a
    s$run.en li##le l" man'6 He "i"
    n# ,eel an% surge , $a#re"
    l.ing a# $im6 '*illing $im1' $e
    2ul" ne "a% "e=lare1 '2as an
    im(ersnal #$ing # me6 He 2as
    a /a" in,luen=e n #$e (e(le6'
    @$a# #$e 2ar% )(al )"se "i"
    sense 2as #$e (resen=e in #$e
    =r2" , a num/er , (lainD
    =l#$es (li=emen6 Lea+ing #$e
    (ra%er grun"s $e n#i=e" a su/D
    ma=$ineDgun n #$e =am( #a/le
    , #$e (li=e #en# a# #$e ga#e6
    '@e $a+e +er% li##le =$an=e ,
    ge##ing a2a%1' $e #$ug$# #
    $imsel,6
    !r#%D,i+e minu#es la#er1 #a.ing
    (re=au#ins # see #$a# #$e% 2ere
    n# ,ll2e"1 #$e (rin=i(al
    =ns(ira#rs sli((e" ne /% ne
    in# Rm A4 , #$e Marina
    H#el in Ne2 Del$i's &nnaug$#
    &ir=us 2$ere A(#e an" )"se
    $a" regis#ere" as S6 an" N6
    Des$(an"e6 *ar.are r"ere"
    2$is.ies ,r $imsel, an" A(#e6
    A(#e annun=e" #$e #ime $a"
    =me # #a.e a "e=isin6 His
    /ser+a#ins a# Birla Huse $a"
    =n+in=e" $im #$ere 2as nl%
    ne mmen# 2$en #$e% =ul" /e
    =er#ain )an"$i 2ul" /e
    eC(se" an" +ulnera/le6 T$a#
    2as 2$en #$e% 2ul" s#ri.e6
    T$e% 2ul" .ill )an"$i1 $e sai"1
    a# ,i+e '=l=. #$e neC#
    a,#ernn1 Tues"a%1 54 Januar%1
    "uring #$e ri#ual 2$i=$ $a"
    =ns#i#u#e" #$e Ma$a#ma's ms#
    ,ai#$,ull% .e(# a((in#men# 2i#$
    $is (e(le1 $is (ra%er mee#ing6
    S$r#l% a,#er 7 a6m6 n #$e
    ,ll2ing mrning1 a #aCi rlle"
    alng #$e re" /ri=. 2all
    s=reening #$e rear , #$e Birla
    es#a#e u( # #$e 2$i#e2as$e"
    2"en ga#e #$a# 2as i#s ser+ =e
    en#ran=e6 Unmles#e"1 i#s #2
    (assengers 2al.e" #$rug$ #$e
    ga+e in# a li##le =ur#%ar"1 n
    ne si"e , 2$i=$ 2as a neD
    s#re% =emen# s$e" "i+i"e" in#
    =ellli.e rms6 I# $use" #$e
    es#a#e's ser+an#s6 T$e rear , #$a#
    s$e" =ns#i#u#e" #$e re"
    san"s#ne 2all , #$e (a+ilin in
    ,rn# , 2$i=$ )an"$i $el" $is6
    e+ening (ra%ers6
    i# 2ui" /urn6 Ba"ge li# #$e =r"6
    I# ,lame" u( in a =lu" , sm.e
    #$a# le,# #$e se+en =ns(ira#rs
    =ug$ing an" =$.ing6 As #$e
    a=ri" ,umes /ill2e" #$rug$ #$e
    /a#$rm1 #$e% all /egan # (u,,
    ,ran#i=all% n =igare##es # =+er
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    #$e sm.e #$a# seeme" =er#ain #
    /e#ra% #$em6
    @$en =alm 2as res#re"1 A(#e
    assem/le" #$em in #$e /e"rm
    # assign ea=$ man $is #as.6 T$e
    man 2$se su""en
    "e#ermina#in # .ill )an"$i $a"
    /rug$# #$em # Del$i #. n
    (ar# in #$e "is=ussins6
    Na#$uram )"se la% graning
    n $is /e"1 =ri((le" /% a
    migraine $ea"a=$e6 Ma"anlal1
    A(#e eC(laine"1 2ul" $i"e a
    #ime /m/ agains# #$e u#si"e
    e"ge , #$e /ri=. 2all /e$in"
    Birla Huse near #$e (ra%er
    ga#$ering6 I#s eC(lsin 2ul"
    laun=$ #$eir a=#in an" se# ,, a
    2a+e , (ani= # ,a=ili#a#e #$e
    assassina#in6
    Ba"ge an" )(al )"se 2ul"
    in #$e mean#ime $a+e en#ere" #$e
    ser+an#s' =ell #$a# $e an" Ba"ge
    $a" re=nni#re" #$a# mrning6
    I, smene s#((e" #$em1 #$e%
    2ul" eC(lain #$a# #$e% 2ere
    ging # ($#gra($ )an"$iBi
    ,rm #$e rear as $e a""resse" $is
    (ra%er mee#ing6 A# #$e ins#an#
    Ma"anlal's /m/ 2en# ,,1
    Ba"ge 2ul" (en ,ire n
    )an"$i ,rm alms# (in#D/lan.
    range6 )(al /esi"e $im 2ul"
    (us$ a $an"Dgrena"e #$rug$ #$e
    a(er#ure6
    T /e a/slu#el% =er#ain #$eir
    +i=#im "i" n# es=a(e1 *ar.are1
    arme" 2i#$ a grena"e1 2ul" /e
    in ,rn# , )an"$i1 mingling
    2i#$ #$e ,ai#$,ul6 He # 2ul"
    $url $is grena"e n )an"$i a#
    #$e mmen# Ma"anlal's /m/
    2en# ,,6 Na#$uram an" A(#e
    2ul" =n#rl #$e (era#in6
    Na#$uram 2ul" signal # A(#e
    2$en *ar.are 2as in (la=e in
    ,rn# , )an"$i1 an" A(#e 2ul"
    gi+e Ma"anlal #$e sign #
    "e#na#e $is /m/6
    In #$eir "e#ermina#in #
    eC#ermina#e )an"$i1 inn=en#
    li+es1 A(#e a"mi##e"1 2ul" /e
    ls#6 T$a# =ul" n# /e $el(e"6 A
    ,e2 mre inn=en# li+es 2as #$e
    (ri=e In"ia 2ul" $a+e # (a%
    ,r #$e "ea#$ , #$e man $e $el"
    res(nsi/le ,r #$e slaug$#er ,
    s man% $un"re"s , #$usan"s
    , Hin"us in #$e PunBa/6
    An eC=ru=ia#ing #ensin se##le"
    +er #$e rm6 Na#$uram )"se
    la% s(ra2le" n $is /e" maning
    s,#l% un"er #$e #r#ure , $is
    $ea"a=$e6 S #$a# #$ere 2ul" /e
    n +isi/le lin. /e#2een #$em
    #$e% "resse" #$emsel+es as
    "i,,eren#l% as (ssi/le6 T
    a==m(lis$ #$e su(reme ges#ure
    , $is eCis#en=e1 A(#e1 #$e l+er
    , 2ellD=u# #2ee"s1 (u# n a
    "$#i6 *ar.are "ar.ene" $is
    e%e/r2s an" (resse" a re" #ila.
    "# # $is ,re$ea"6 Ma"anlal
    "nne" a ne2 /lue sui# $e $a"
    /ug$# in Bm/a%6 T$e re,ugee
    ,rm #$e PunBa/ 2as ging # #$e
    ren"eQ+us #$e as#rlgers $a"
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    (re"i=#e" a# $is /ir#$ "resse" as a
    gen#leman6 !r #$e ,irs# #ime in
    $is li,e1 Ma"anlal Pa$2a 2as
    2earing a =a# an" #ie6


    #l" $im # g in# $is rm6
    Ba"ge #. $al, a "Qen s#e(s
    #2ar"s #$e "r an" ,rQe6
    N#$ing 2ul" e+er ma.e
    Digam/er Ba"ge g in# #$a#
    rm6 N $a#re"1 n (assin1 n
    mena=e 2ul" /e s#rng enug$
    # "ri+e $im a=rss i#s #$res$l"6
    A +i=e $a" s(.en # Ba"ge6 I#
    2as #$e +i=e , an In"ia as l"
    as i#s ris$is an" i#s rain ,res#s1
    #$e In"ia , signs an" (r#en#s6
    T$e 2ner , #$e rm1 si##ing
    /as.ing in #$e sun1 $a" ne e%e6
    T$ere 2as n men as
    inaus(i=ius as #$a#6 Trem/ling1
    Ba"ge re#urne" # A(#e6 'He $as
    ne e%e1' $e 2$is(ere"1 'I'm n#
    ging in# $is rm6'
    A(#e $esi#a#e"6 On #$e (ra%er
    grun" #$e $%mns $a" ,inis$e"
    an" )an"$i 2as /eginning #
    s(ea.6 His +i=e 2as s 2ea.
    #$a# Sus$ila Na%%ar $a" #
    re(ea# ea=$ ($rase $e u##ere" #
    #$e =r2"6 &learl%1 #$e
    eC$aus#e" )an"$i's s(ee=$ 2as
    n# ging # las# lng6 A(#e
    realiQe" $e "i" n# $a+e #ime #
    argue6 He #l" )(al )"se #
    g in# #$e rm as (lanne" an"
    (us$ $is grena"e #$rug$ #$e
    2in"2 2$en $e $ear" #$e
    eC(lsin , Ma"anlal's /m/6
    He assigne" #$e relu=#an# Ba"ge
    a ne2 missin6 MiC 2i#$ #$e
    =r2" in ,rn# , )an"$i1 $e
    sai"6 )e# in as =lse as (ssi/le
    an" ,ire a# $im $ea" n 2$en #$e
    #ime =mes6
    )(al )"se 2al.e" # #$e
    ser+an#s' rm1 n""e" # i#s
    neDe%e" 2ner1 an" =lse" #$e
    "r /e$in" $im6 In #$e "ar.ness
    $e s#ar#e" # m+e #2ar"s #$e
    lig$# (uring #$rug$ #$e
    2in"2s ,rm 2$i=$ $e 2ul"
    #$rus# $is grena"e #2ar"s #$e
    Ma$a#ma's /a=.6
    On #$e (ra%er grun"1 )an"$i
    =n#inue" $is a""ress6 'He 2$
    is an enem% , Mslems is an
    enem% , In"ia1' $e "e=lare"6
    )(al )"se =ul" $ear Sus$ila
    re(ea#ing $is 2r"s as $e m+e"
    #$rug$ #$e "ar.ness #2ar"s #$e
    grille6 @$en $e rea=$e" i#1 $e
    "is=+ere" # $is $rrr #$e ,irs#
    gra+e ,la2 in A(#e's s=$eme6
    A(#e $a" n# /#$ere" # en#er
    #$e =ell n $is mrning
    ins(e=#in6 T$e grille #$rug$
    2$i=$ )"se 2as su((se" #
    (us$ $is grena"e 2as eig$# ,ee#
    a/+e #$e grun"6 A(#e $a" n#
    un"ers#" in ma.ing $is
    =al=ula#ins #$a# #$e le+el , #$e
    (ra%er grun" la2n 2as
    =nsi"era/l% $ig$er #$an #$e
    le+el , #$e =ur#%ar" in 2$i=$
    #$e ser+an#s' 'uar#ers 2ere
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    l=a#e"6 E+en 2i#$ $is arms
    eC#en"e" ,ull leng#$1 )(al's
    ,inger#i(s /arel% rea=$e" #$e
    /ase , #$e grille6 Des(era#el%1
    $e gr(e" in #$e "ar.ness ,r #$e
    neDe%e" man's =$ar(i6 !inall%
    l=a#ing i# $e ,ran#i=all% /egan #
    (ull i# #2ar"s #$e 2in"2 s
    #$a# i# =ul" ser+e as a /ase n
    2$i=$ # =lim/6
    Ou#si"e e+er%#$ing 2as se#6
    Na#$uram )"se sa2 *ar.are in
    (si#in1 (re(are" # #$r2 $is
    grena"e a# #$e man 2$ a# #$a#
    ins#an# 2as "is=ussing #$e '=ruel
    #rea#men#' , /la=.s in Ameri=a6
    T$e #ime $a" =me6 Na#$uram
    (u# $is $an" # $is =$in an"
    s=ra#=$e"6
    A(#e sa2 $im6 He in #urn raise"
    $is arm # Ma"anlal6 T$e PunBal
    2as rea"%6 T$e mmen# ,r
    2$i=$ $e'" /een 2ai#ing sin=e
    $e'i 2al.e" a=rss #$e /ri"ge a#
    Suleman.i Hea" #$a# Augus#
    a,#ernB $a" arri+e"6 He 2as
    ging # ge# $is re+enge6 I# 2as a
    =$an=e $e 2a n# ging # miss6
    &alml%1 "eli/era#el%1 $e "re2 n
    $is =igare##> T$en $e /en# +er
    an" (resse" i#s gl2ing #i( # #$e
    ,use , #$e /m a# $is ,ee#6
    'I, 2e =ling # #$e eC=ellen#
    "e=isins #a.en1' Sus$ila 2as
    re(ea#in # #$e assem/l%1 '2i#$
    )" as ur 2i#ness1 2e s$all rise
    # a mu= $ig$er mral (lane 6 66'
    A# #$a# (re=ise mmen# #$e rar
    , Ma"anlal's eC(l"ing #im
    /m/ /urs# +er #$e (ra%er
    grun" 2i#$ ,rig$#ening ,ur%6 A
    =lum , sm.e s(e2e" u( ,rm
    #$e /m/ si#e6 'O$ M#$er!'
    Sus$i! gas(e"6
    '@$a# /e##er "ea#$ =ul" %u
    as.1' )an"$i as.e" $er1 re(ra=
    in $is ,ain# +i=e1 '#$an # "ie in
    #$e a=# , (ra%er?'
    In #$e =ell Bus# /e$in" #$em1
    )(al )"se 2as =lim/ing n #
    =$ar(i # rea=$ #$e grille a/+e
    $im6 T$e r(es , #$e =$ar(i
    2$i= $e'" =un#e" n as a
    (la#,rm 2ere s sla=. #$a# #$e%
    sagge" alm # #$e "ir# ,lr6 His
    e,,r#s $a" a""e" /arel% #$ree
    in=$es # $ $eig$#6 Balan=ing n
    i#s 2"en ,rame1 )(al (ulle"
    $imsel, u( i ,ar as $e =ul"6 His
    e%es s#ill "i" n# 'ui#e rea=$ #$e
    /ase , #l (ening6 T$e nl%
    #$ing $e =ul" " 2as (us$ #$e
    grena"e /lin" #$rug$ #$e grille
    an" le# i# ,all n 2$e+er 2as
    si##ing #$ere6 ! rea=$e" ,r #$e
    grena"e6 As $e "i" s1 $e
    realiQe" n sun" V ,iring1 n
    rar , *ar.are's eC(l"ing
    grena"e 2as =ming ,rT #$e
    (ra%er grun"6 All $e =ul" $ear
    2as #$e +i=e , )an"$i =allir
    ,r r"er6
    @i#$ all #$e s#reng#$ , $is 2ea.
    ,rame1 )an"$i 2as (lea"ir # #$e
    =r2"6 'Lis#en! Lis#en!' $e sai"6
    'I#'s n#$ing6 I#'s Bus# #l arm%
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    $a+ing sme (ra=#i=e6 Si# "2n
    an" /e =alm6 T$e (ra%e
    =n#inue6'
    &n,usin $a" s2e(# #$e gar"en
    in #$e 2a.e , Ma"anlal's /m
    N ne $a" /een inBure" /% #$e
    eC(lsin1 /u# i# $a" (r+.e
    eCa=#l% #$e /urs# , (ani= #$e
    =ns(ira#rs $a" =un#e" n #
    =+i #$e assassina#in6 Un"er i#s
    =+er1 *ar.are (us$e" u( # 2i#$
    ,i,#een ,ee# , )an"$i6
    T$e 2ea.ene" man 2as an
    eC(se"1 $el(less #arge#1 as
    "e,en=ele as a =ri((le in a
    2$eel=$air6
    *ar.are s#ar#e" # (ull u# $is
    grena"es6 As $e "i" s $e l.=
    a# #$e grille /e$in" )an"$i's
    $ea" ,r #$e =n,irming glin# ,
    a (is#V /arrel r #$e #um/ling
    /la=. s$a(e , a grena"e6 T,aere
    2as n#$in *ar.are ,rQe6

    )(al )"se Bum(e" "2n ,rm
    #$e =$ar(i6 He 2asn'# ging #
    " i#6 Le# #$e #$ers s#ri.e1 $e
    #$ug$#6 He 2asn'# (re(are" #
    "r( $is grena"e 2i#$ n i"ea
    2$m $e 2ul" .ill6 He $urrie"
    #$rug$ #$e "ar.ness # #$e "r
    an" gras(e" ,r i#s =las(6 He
    =ul"n'# ,in" i#6 @$en $is
    ner+us ,ingers l=a#e" i#1 #$e%
    =ul"n'# ma.e i# 2r.6 A sense
    , (ani= s2e(# $im6 He 2as
    ging # /e #ra((e" #$ere in #$e
    rm , #$e neDe%e" man6
    In #$e gar"en1 *ar.are1 $is
    ,ingers 2ra((e" #ig$# arun" $is
    $an"Dgrena"e1 =n#inue" # s#are
    a# #$e li##le grille1 2ai#ing ,r
    sme gleam , a (is#l6 @i#$
    ea=$ (assing ins#an#1 #$e =urage
    , #$e 2ner , #$e De==an
    )ues# Huse ,a"e"6 Su""enl% $e
    sa2 Ba"ge in #$e =r2" ?4 ,ee#
    a2a%6 '@$a#'s $e "ing $ere?'
    *ar.are #$ug$#6 '@$% "esn'#
    $e " sme#$ing?'
    Ba"ge n lnger $a" an%
    in#en#in , "ing an%#$ing
    eC=e(# ,lee6 T$e man 2$'" $a"
    ?8 arres#s "i" n# (r(se # ge#
    an#$er6 He 2as n# an i"ealis#
    r a (li#i=al ,ana#i= /u# a
    /usinessman6 His /usiness1 $e
    #l" $imsel,1 2as selling arms1
    n# using #$em6 A+i"ing
    *ar.are's glare1 $e sli((e" ,,
    in# #$e =r2"6
    T #$e rear , Birla Huse #$e
    m#$er , a ?D%earDl" /%
    (la%ing /e$in" #$e /ri=. 2all
    $a" seen Ma"anlal lig$# $is
    /m/ an" 2al. a2a%6 N2 s$e
    (in#e" $im u# # an air ,r=e
    ,,i=er6 'I#'s $im! I#'s $im 3' s$e
    s=reame"6
    )(al1 sl+ing a# las# #$e ri""le
    , #$e "rD=las(1 emerge" ,rm
    $is =ell /lin.ing a# #$e sunlig$#6
    He $ear" $er s=reams1 #$en sa2
    #2 men1 ne in a /lue uni,rm1
    "ragging Ma"anlal # #$e
    grun"6 He s(##e" A(#e an" $is
    /r#$er in #$e =r2"6 T$e%
    seeme" /e2il"ere"1 n# %e#
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    =m(re$en"ing #$e enrmi#% ,
    #$eir ,ailure6 )(al Bine" #$em6
    T$e #$ree &$i#(a2an Bra$mins
    $esi#a#e" a se=n" #$en1 realiQing
    #$eir e,,r# $a" /een a ##al
    ,ailure1 $ea"e" ,r #$e green
    &$e+rle# #aCi A(#e $a" $ire"6
    @i#$u# a #$ug$# ,r #$eir
    ,ell2 =ns(ira#rs1 #$e% g# in
    an" #l" #$e "ri+er # $ea" ,r
    "2n#2n Del$i as ,as# as $e
    =ul"6
    A ,e2 se=n"s la#er *ar.are sa2
    #$e (li=e /un"ling Ma"anlal
    alng #$e "ri+e a# ne si"e , #$e
    gar"en #2ar"s #$e #en# #$e%'"
    se# u( in ,rn# , #$e $use6
    @$a#e+er reslu#in $e $a" le,#
    n2 "isa((eare"6 He relaCe" $is
    gri( n $is grena"e6 He $a" nl%
    ne #$ug$#H $2 # es=a(e6
    On #$e (la#,rm1 )an"$i $a" a#
    las# res#re" r"er6 @$ile #$e
    rumur #$a# 'a =raQ% PunBa/i
    re,ugee' $a" ma"e a
    "emns#ra#in agains# $im s2e(#
    #$e =r2"1 $e =alml% annun=e"H
    T ma% s#ar# ,r Pa.is#an n26 I,
    #$e g+ernmen# an" "=#rs
    (ermi# me1 I =an s#ar#
    imme"ia#el%6' T$en1 smiling
    $a((il%1 'ui#e una2are , #$e
    mira=ulus es=a(e $e'" Bus#
    eC(erien=e"1 )an"$i 2as li,#e"
    /a=. in# $is =$air an =arrie" in
    #rium($ ,rm $is (ra%er
    mee#ing6
    An +er2$elming sense ,
    ,ailure assaile" A(#e an" #$e
    )"ses i #$eir #aCi $ea"ing /a=.
    # #2n6 Na#$uram /urie" $is
    $ea" in $ $an"s1 #$e (ain , $is
    $ea"a=$e $a" /e=me
    un/eara/le6 T$e% $i n i"ea
    2$a# #$eir neC# s#e( s$ul" /e6
    T$eir =n,i"en=e in A(#e s=$eme
    $a" /een s =m(le#e #$a# nne
    , #$em $a" e+en en+isagi #$e
    (ssi/ili#% , i#s ,ailing6 T$e%
    2ere in gra+e "anger n26 Ma"a
    lal "i" n# .n2 #$eir names1 /u#
    $e .ne2 #$e% =ame ,rm Pi
    an" $e .ne2 #$e name , #$eir
    (a(er6 @i#$ #$a#1 i# 2ul" n# #a
    #$e (li=e lng # ge# #$em6
    T #$e /i##er "raug$# , ,ailure
    2as a""e" #$e (ang , $umilia#i=
    T$e% $a" ,aile" #$e ,ana#i=s in
    Bm/a% ,rm 2$m #$e%'" #a.
    mne% ,r #$eir 'im(r#an#
    missin'6 A/+e all1 #$e% $a"
    ,aile" # Qeal# a# Sa+ar.ar Sa"an
    # 2$m #$e%'" s2rn
    allegian=e6
    Na#$uram aruse" $imsel, ,rm
    $is s#u(r an" #l" $is /r#$er
    Mara#$i # g /a=. # Pna an"
    es#a/lis$ an ali/i6 He $a" a ,am
    # 2rr% a/u#6 He an" A(#e
    2ul" "e=i"e n #$e neC# s#e(6
    A_ r"ere" #$e "ri+er # s#(6
    )(al g# u#6 T$e #aCi /earing
    A(#e a $is /r#$er "isa((eare" in
    #$e #ra,,i=6
    A# Birla Huse #$e m" 2as
    similar # #$a# 2$i=$ $a" ,ll+
    )an"$i's es=a(e ,rm "ea#$
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    2$en $e'" /r.en $is ,as# #2 "T
    /e,re6 Telegrams /egan # (ur
    in =ngra#ula#ing #$e Ma$a#i T$e
    ($ne rang in=essan#l%6 Ne$ru
    an" Pa#el rus$e" # em/r $im6
    S=res , +isi#rs "es=en"e" n
    $is 'uar#ers6 Amng #$e ,irs'
    arri+e 2as E"2ina Mun#/a##en6
    'I $a+e s$2n n /ra+er%1'
    )an"$i gail% #l" #$e eCD-i=erei
    He reall% $a" #$ug$# Ma"anlal's
    /m/ 2as an arm% uni# (ra=#isi
    'A$1' $e sig$e"1 '/u# i, smene
    ,ire" a# me (in# /lan. an ,a=e"
    $is /ulle# 2i#$ a smile1 re(ea#ing
    #$e name , Rama1 #$e s$ul"
    in"ee" /e "eser+ing ,
    =ngra#ula#ins 3'
    T$ree messages rea=$e" #$e
    /e"si"e , D6 @6 Me$ra1 #$e De,
    Ins(e=#rD)eneral , Pli=e ,r
    Del$i1 an" #$e man 2$ 2=
    nrmall% $a+e /een res(nsi/le
    ,r in+es#iga#ing #$e a##em(#
    )an"$i's li,e 2as #$a# e+ening
    l%ing in /e" 2i#$ #$e ,lu an" a _
    ,e+er6 T$e ,irs# sim(l% in,rme"
    $im smene $a" eC(l"e" a
    /; a# )an"$i's (ra%er mee#ing
    an" #$e /m/ #$r2er $a" /een
    arres T$e se=n"1 #2 $urs
    a,#er #$e ,irs#1 in,rme" $im #$e
    /V #$r2er 2as resis#ing
    in#errga#in6 Me$ra au#$riQe"
    #$ir"D"e (r=e"ures6
    I# 2as #$e #$ir" an" las# message
    $e re=ei+e" #$a# 2as gin



    "e#ermine #$e =urse , #$e
    in+es#iga#in6 I# =ame ,rm #$e
    man 2$ 2as #$e nminal $ea"
    , #$e'Del$i (li=e1 D6 J6
    SanBee+i1 a (li#i=al (li=eman
    2$se real ,un=#in 2as
    "ire=#ing In"ia's &en#ral
    In#elligen=e Bureau6 A #a=i#
    a==r" eCis#e" /e#2een #$e #2
    men6 SanBee+i $a" arrange" #
    /e assigne" #$e #( B/ in Del$i
    /e=ause1 as $e eC(laine" #
    Me$ra1 '/e,re I re#ire I 2an# a
    ,lag ,l%ing n m% =ar1 a Bee(
    es=r# an" a guar" (resen#ing
    arms 2$en I ge# # #$e ,,i=e'6
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    Del$i's (li=e =$ie,1 /u# $e $a"
    al2a%s le,# running #$e (li=e #
    Me$ra6 N21 # Me$ra's
    sur(rise6SanBee+i /lun#l%
    in,rme" $imH 'Dn'# /#$er
    a/u# #$e Ma"anlal =ase6 I'll
    $an"le #$e in+es#iga#in m%sel,6'
    In $is =ell in #$e Parliamen#
    S#ree# (li=e s#a#in1 Ma"anlal
    2as /eginning # (a% #$e (ri=e
    , $is n#rie#%6 Bruise" an"
    eC$aus#e"1 $e /egan # =a+e in
    un"er #$e (ressure /rug$# /%
    #$e #$ree (li=emen 2$ $a"
    /een in#errga#ing $im ,r #2
    $urs6 Ma"anlal 2as s#ill l%al
    # $is ,ell2 =ns(ira#rs6
    Des(i#e #$e ,a=# $e alne $a"
    a=#e"1 $e 2as sure #$e% 2ul"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    #r% again6 He 2as "e#ermine" #
    2in #$em as mu=$ #ime as $e
    =ul" /% re,using # #al.6
    Nne#$eless1 a# #$e +er%
    /eginning $e %iel"e" a +i#al
    (ie=e , in,rma#in6 He
    a"mi##e" $e 2as n# a =raQ%
    PunBa/i re,ugee a=#ing alne1 /u#
    ne , a gru( , .illers6 He
    ga+e #$e num/er , (e(le
    in+l+e"1 se+en6 T$e% $a"
    agree" # .ill )an"$i1 $e sai"1
    /e=ause '$e 2as ,r=ing #$e
    re,ugees # gi+e u( #$e ms'ues1
    2as res(nsi/le ,r gi+ing
    Pa.is#an $er ru(ees an" $el(ing
    #$e Mslems e+er% 2a% $e
    =ul"'6
    T$en1 =al=ula#ing #$a# #$e #$ers
    $a" /% n2 $a" #ime # ,lee1 $e
    ga+e a $armless a==un# , #$eir
    a=#i+i#ies in Del$i6 Su""enl%1 in a
    mmen# , sel,Dasser#in1 $e
    ga+e #$e (li=e a se=n" =lue6
    He a"mi##e" $e $a" /een a#
    Sa+ar.ar Sa"an 2i#$ $is
    ass=ia#es an" /as#e" $e $a"
    (ersnall% me# #$e ,amus
    (li#i=al ,igure6 T$e (li=e #$en
    ,r=e" $im # "es=ri/e ea=$ ,
    $is ,ell2 =ns(ira#rs6 His
    "es=ri(#ins 2ere n# +er%
    $el(,ul6 He ga+e nl% ne name1
    *ar.are's1 an" manage" # gi+e
    i# 2rngH '*ir.ree6'
    His "es=ri(#in , )"se1
    $2e+er1 =n#aine" a #$ir" +i#al
    s=ra( , in,rma#in6 He ga+e
    $is ==u(a#in6 He sai" $e 2as
    #$e 'e"i#r , #$e Ras$#ri%a r
    Agrani Mar$a##a language
    ne2s(a(er'6 T$e name , #$e
    (a(er 2as in=m(le#e an" misD
    s(elle"1 /u# #$se 2r"s 2ere
    s#ill #$e ms# (re=ius s=ra( ,
    in,rma#in #$e (li=e =ul"
    $a+e $a"6
    @$ile #$e in#errga#in
    =n#inue"1 (li=e rus$e" ,, #
    sear=$ #$e Hin"u Ma$asa/$a an"
    #$e Marina H#el6 T$e% ,un" n
    ne6 Ba"ge an" $is ser+an# 2ere
    miles a2a% n a #rain $ea"ing
    ,r Pna6


    >@e Mus# )e# )an"$i Be,re
    #$e Pli=e )e# Us'
    Ne2 Del$i an" Bm/a%1 53D57
    Januar% 37A:
    )(al )"se's $al,Dea#en /is=ui#
    =lung # #$e r, , a mu#$
    su""enl% gne "r% a# #$e sig$#
    /e,re $im6 Han"=u,,e"1 a $"
    in# 2$i=$ e%eDsli#s $a" /een =u#
    +er $is $ea"1 a s=re ,
    (li=emen surrun"ing $im1 a
    man 2as /eing mar=$e" s#raig$#
    #2ar"s #$e lun=$ =un#er a#
    2$i=$ )(al an" *ar.are s#"
    in #$e Ol" Del$i rail2a% s#a#in6
    Pe#ri,ie"1 )(al re=gniQe" $is
    rum(le" /lue sui#6 I# 2as #$e sui#
    Ma"anlal $a" s (ru"l% "nne"
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #$e "a% /e,re # .ill )an"$i6
    As un/#rusi+el% as (ssi/le1 $e
    #urne" /a=. # #$e =un#er #r%ing
    # "isa((ear in# i#s "ar.
    2"en /ul.6 Un"er $is s#i,ling
    $"1 Ma"anlal =n#inue" $is
    mar=$6 !r #$e ,i,#$ #ime sin=e
    "a2n1 in #$eir sear=$ ,r $is =D
    =ns(ira#rs1 #$e (li=e 2ere
    ,r=ing $im # s=ru#iniQe #$e
    (assengers /ar"ing a #rain in
    Del$i s#a#in6
    Hungr%1 "iQQ% 2i#$ ,a#igue1 $e
    =n#em(la#e" #$e =r2"s rus$ing
    #2ar"s #$e =ars , #$e Bm/a%
    EC(ress 2i#$ #$e res#ri=#e"
    +isin im(se" /% #$e sa=. +er
    $is $ea"6 As $is e%es ,ell n #$e
    ,amiliar /ul. , *ar.are's /a=.
    $un=$e" +er #$e lun=$ =un#er1
    $e s#ar#e"6 A (li=eman1 sensing
    $is m+emen#1 =aug$# $is arm6
    Ma"anlal =ug$e" # =+er $is
    ina"+er#en# ges#ure6 T$en $e
    mar=$e" s#raig$# (as# )"se an"
    *ar.are # #$e 2ai#ing Bm/a%
    #rain6 T$e las# #2 =ns(ira#rs
    le,# in Del$i 2ul" ,lee
    un"e#e=#e"6
    T$e maBr (re==u(a#in , #$e
    (li=e in #$e a,#erma#$ ,
    Ma"anlal's /m/ eC(lsin 2as
    assuring )an"$i's sa,e#%6 I, $is
    nminal su(erir1SanBee+i1$a"
    #a.en +er res(nsi/ili#% ,r #$e
    in+es#iga#in1 )an"$i's
    (r#e=#in 2as s#ill #$e
    res(nsi/ili#% , #$e ,luDs#ri=.en
    D6 @6 Me$ra6 Bun"le" u( in an
    +er=a#1 $is ,e+er s#ill raging1
    Me$ra (resen#e" $imsel, a# Birla
    Huse a# mi""a%6
    'Du/le mu/ara.1' $e sai"1 as $e
    /2e" in gree#ing # In"ia's
    lea"er6
    '@$% #$is "u/le mu/ara.T
    as.e" )an"$i6
    'Be=ause'1 Me$ra sai"1 '%u
    su==ess,ull% =m(le#e" %ur ,as#
    an" "i" 2$a# m% (li=e =ul"
    n# "6 Yu /rug$# (ea=e #
    Del$i6 Se=n"l%1 %u es=a(e" #$e
    /m/6'
    'Br#$er1' )an"$i re(lie" 2i#$ $is
    ##$less smile1 'm% li,e is in #$e
    $an"s , )"6' I# 2as (re=isel%
    /e=ause $e 2an#e" #$e Ma$a#ma
    # (u# i# in $is $an"s #$a# Me$ra
    2as in #$e gar"en , Birla
    Huse6
    T$e man 2$ $a" #rie" # .ill
    $im1 Me$ra eC(laine" # )an"!
    $a" n# a=#e" alne6 He 2as ne
    , a gru( , se+en (l##ers6 T$,
    2as a serius li.eli$" #$a# #$e
    #$ers 2ul" #r% again6 He 2anl
    $is (ermissin # in=rease #$e
    guar" a# Birla Huse1 an" # seai
    sus(i=ius =$ara=#ers =ming #
    $is (ra%er mee#ings6
    'I 2ill ne+er agree1' )an"$i sai"
    in a sr# , $al, s$rie.6 'D ?
    sear=$ (e(le ging in# a
    #em(le r =$a(el ,r (ra%er?'
    'N1 Sir1' Me$ra re(lie"1 '/u#
    #$ere is n ne in #$em 2$ i
    #arge# ,r an assassin's /ulle#6'
    'Rama is m% nl% (r#e=#in1'
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    )an"$i re#r#e"6 'I, $e 2an#! en"
    m% li,e1 n/"% =an sa+e me1
    e+en i, a millin , %ur (li=ei
    2ere (s#e" $ere # guar" me6
    T$e rulers , #$is =un#r% $a+e
    ,ai#$ in m% nnD+ilen=e6 T$e%
    #$in. %ur (li=e guar" 2ill ! m%
    li,e6 @ell1 m% (r#e=#in is
    Rama1 an" %u 2ill n# +ila#e
    (ra%er mee#ings 2i#$ %ur (li=e
    r s#( (e(le =ming in6 I, "1 I
    2ill lea+e Del$i an" "enun=e
    %u as #$e reasn ,r lea+ing6'
    Me$ra 2as =res#,allen6 He .ne2
    )an"$i 2ell enug$ # . $e 2as
    n# ging # =$ange $is min"6
    He 2ul" $a+e # ,in" a #
    (r#e=# #$e Ma$a#ma in s(i#e ,
    $imsel,6
    'A# leas#1' Me$ra sai"1 '2ill %u
    all2 me # =me # #$e (T
    mee#ing e+er% "a% (ersnall%?'
    'A$1' sai" )an"$i1 'as an
    in"i+i"ual %u are al2a%s
    2el=me
    A# #en minu#es # ,i+e1 "es(i#e
    $is ,e+er1 Me$ra 2as /a=. a#
    Huse in =i+ilian =l#$es6 He $a"
    alrea"% in=rease" #$e _
    =n#ingen# arun" #$e $use
    ,rm ,i+e # #$ir#%DsiC1 ms# ,
    (lainD=l#$es men r"ere" #
    mingle 2i#$ #$e =r2"6 Hi""en
    Me$ra's =a#1 la"e" an" ==.e"1
    2as a @e//er an" S=## ?i
    +e#eran , #$e !rn#ier =ul" ge#
    i# ,, $is $i( an" (u# #$ree r in a
    /ull'sDe%e #2en#% ,ee# a2a% in
    less #$an ,i+e se=n"s6 3
    Ma$a#ma le,# $is 'uar#ers ,r #$e
    (ra%er grun"1 Me$ra # #$e s(#
    $e in#en"e" # ==u(% e+er%
    a,#ernn 2$ile & remaine" in
    Del$i6 I# 2as rig$# a# )an"$i's
    si"e6 As lng as 3 #$ere1 #$e
    +e#eran (li=eman ,el#
    reasna/l% =n,i"en# n aH 2as
    ging # .ill )an"$i6
    On=e again1 )an"$i $a" # /e
    =arrie" # $is (ra%er (la#,r ,irs#
    2r"s 2ere ,r #$e $a#eD,ille"
    %ung re,ugee 2$'" + #a.e
    re+enge ,r #$e su,,erings
    (ar#i#in $a" #$rus# n $im i
    ,amil%6 'D n# $a#e r =n"emn
    #$e man 2$ #$re2 #$e )an"$i
    (lea"e"6 He urge" #$e (li=e #
    release Ma"anlal6 '- n rig$# #
    (unis$ a (ersn 2e #$in.
    2i=.e"1' $e sai"6
    !r #$e man 2$ $a" s
    uneC(e=#e"l% #a.en +er #$e
    in+es in# #$e a##em(# n
    )an"$i's li,e1 ne #$ing 2as
    /+ius6 T$e =ns(ira=% 2i#$
    2$i=$ $e 2as =n,rn#e" $a"
    /een $a#=$e" in Bm/a%
    Pr+in=e6 Ma"anlal $a"
    in"i=a#e" $is ,ell2 =ns(ira#rs
    2ere all Ma$aras$#rans6 He
    $imsel, $a" =me # Del$i ,rm
    Bm/a% 2$ere $e a"mi##e"
    $a+ing +isi#e" Sa+ar.ar's
    resi"en=e6 SanBee+i's ,irs# a=#in1
    #$ere,re1 2as # aler# #$e
    Bm/a% (li=e an" as. #$em #
    assign smene # #$e =ase6 T
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    =Dr"ina#e Bm/a%'s
    in+es#iga#in 2i#$ $is1 SanBee+i
    r"ere" #2 ,,i=ers , #$e Del$i
    &ID # ,l% # Bm/a% # (resen#
    #$e Bm/a% (li=e ,,i=er
    assigne" # #$e =ase 2i#$ 'all #$e
    ,a=#s' un=+ere" in Del$i6
    T$eir #ri( 2ul" (r"u=e #$e
    ,irs#1 alms# in=m(re$ensi/le
    /lun"er , #$e in+es#iga#in in#
    #$e a##em(# n )an"$i's li,e6 T$e
    #2 Del$i (li=emen negle=#e"
    # #a.e 2i#$ #$em a =(% , #$e
    .e% "=umen# in #$e
    in+es#iga#in1 Ma"anlal's
    (reliminar% s#a#emen# =m(le#e"
    an" #%(e" /e,re mi"nig$# #$e
    e+ening /e,re6 T$e nl%
    "=umen# #$e% #. 2as a #2
    /% ,ur =ar" n 2$i=$ a ,e2
    salien# ,a=#s $a" /een B##e"
    "2n /% $an"6 T$e% in=lu"e"
    *ar.are's name1 misDs(elle" as
    '*ir.ree'6 Missing 2as #$e ms#
    +i#al in,rma#in #$e Del$i
    (li=e (ssesse"1 #$e
    a((rCima#e i"en#i,i=a#in ,
    A(#e an" )"se's ne2s(a(er6
    T$e man ,r 2$m #$eir re(r#
    2as "es#ine" alrea"% $a" mre
    an" /e##er in,rma#in si##ing n
    $is "es. #$an #$e% $a" n #$eir
    li##le sli( , (a(er6 A# ?51
    Jams$i" 'Jimm%' Nagar+alla 2as
    a De(u#% &mmissiner ,
    Pli=e in =$arge , #$e Bm/a%
    &ID S(e=ial Bran=$'s Se=#ins
    One an" T21 res(nsi/le ,r #$e
    ga#$ering , l=al (li#i=al
    in#elligen=e an" #$e sur+eillan=e
    , ,reigners6 I# 2as n# ,r $is
    a/ili#ies as an in+es#iga#r1
    $2e+er1 #$a# Nagar+alla $a"
    /een assigne" # #$e Ma"anlal
    =ase6 T$e reasn s(.e +lumes
    a/u# #$e "ilemma =n,rn#ing
    #$e In"ian (li=e in sele=#ing
    men ,r #$e in+es#iga#in6 I# 2as
    $is religin6 T gi+e #$e =ase # a
    Mslem $a" seeme"
    ina((r(ria#e6 T (u# i# in #$e
    $an"s , a Hin"u ris.e"
    sele=#ing an ,,i=er 2$
    $ar/ure" se=re# an#iD)an"$i
    sen#imen#s6 Nagar+alla1
    ,r#una#el%1 2as nei#$er6 He 2as
    a Parsee6
    Bm/a% Pr+in=e's Hme
    Minis#er6MrarBi Desai1$a"
    gi+en $im #$e =ase alng 2i#$
    #$e (re=ius s=ra( , in,rma#in
    n $is "es.6 Desai $a" re=ei+e"
    #$is ,rm a sur=e # 2$m
    Ma"anlal $a" /as#e" , $is
    in#en#in # .ill )an"$i #$e 2ee.
    /e,re6 Ma"anlal's (rin=i(al
    ass=ia#e1 #$e sur=e re+eale"1
    2as a man name" *ar.are6 He
    =ame ,rm A$me"nagar6>
    > B% an eC#rar"inar%
    =in=i"en=e1 Desai n 35
    Januar% $a" =me u(n #$e
    A$me"nagar (li=e re(r# , #$e
    "is=+er% n 3 Januar% ,
    *ar.are's arms =a=$e in #$e
    rm , #$e manager , $is
    $#el6 Desai $a" imme"ia#el%
    "eman"e"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    Nagar+alla se# #$e ma=$iner% in
    m#in # i"en#i,% $im6 !r #$e
    %ung ,,i=er #$ere seeme" n
    'ues#in #$a#1 sner r la#er1 #$e
    ra" # #$e men 2$ $a" #rie" #
    mur"er )an"$i $a" # (ass /%
    #$e 'uie# $use amng #$e (alms
    an" me"lar #rees , *elu.sar
    Ra"6 Nagar+alla $a" as.e"
    Desai ,r (ermissin # arres#
    Sa+ar.ar n #$e /asis ,
    Ma"anlal's +isi# # $im #$e 2ee.
    /e,re6 Desai $a" re,use" 2i#$
    #$e angr% 'uer%H 'Are %u ma"?
    D %u #$in. I 2an# #$is 2$le
    (r+in=e # g u( in sm.e?'
    I, Nagar+alla =ul" n# =n,ine
    Sa+ar.ar # a (risn =ell1
    $2e+er1 $e =ul" a# leas#
    =n,i"e $im # a /rillian#
    rganiQa#in =rea#e" /% #$e
    Bri#is$ #$a# 2as #$e (ri"e , #$e
    Bm/a% &ID1 i#s @a#=$ers'
    Bran=$6 T$e /ran=$ 2as
    =m(se" , 304 men an"
    2men 2$se i"en#i#ies 2ere
    .n2n nl% # #$eir =mman"er6
    Blin" men1 /eggars 2i#$ s#un#e"
    lim/s1 Mslem 2men in
    /ur'as1 ,rui# (e"lars1 s2ee(ers1
    #$e% $a" .e(# Bm/a%'s (li#i=al
    agi#a#rs un"er #$eir gaQe ,r a
    'uar#er , a =en#ur%6 During all
    #$se %ears1 #$e% li.e" # /as#1
    n# a single ,igure assigne" #
    #$eir s=ru#in% $a" es=a(e" #$em6
    NagarD+alla's ,irs# a=#in in $is
    ne2 assignmen# 2as # ,iC #$eir
    2a#=$,ul e%es n -eer Sa+ar.ar
    an" $is Bm/a% resi"en=e6
    Nagar+alla's in+es#iga#in /egan
    2i#$ #$e same (rmising
    s2i,#ness as Del$i's $a"6 @i#$in
    a ,e2 $urs $e $a" g# #$e ,ull
    i"en#i#% , -is$nu *ar.are1 as
    2ell as $is ==u(a#in an" #$e
    ,a=# #$a# $e $a" /een missing
    ,rm A$me"nagar sin=e 9
    Januar%6 S$r#l% #$erea,#er1 $e
    learne" ,rm a (li=e in,rmer
    #$a# 'ne Ba"ge , Pna'1 a
    (e##% arms mer=$an#1 2as an
    ass=ia#e , *ar.are in $is
    '=ns(ira=% # #a.e #$e li,e , #$e
    Ma$a#ma'6
    Imme"ia#el% in,rme" , #$e
    re(r#1 #$e Pna (li=e =alle"
    n Ba"ge's s$( # ,in" $e 2as
    missing6 T$e% #l" Nagar+alla $e
    2as (r/a/l% $i"ing 'in
    #$eBungles arun" #$e =i#%'6
    Un,r#una#el%1 #$e Pna (li=e
    ne+er /#$ere" # +eri,% #$e
    =n#inue" a/sen=e , #$e 2an#e"
    arms (e"lar6 A ,e2 $urs a,#er
    #$e ,irs# en'uir%1 Ba"ge re#urne"
    # #$e =i#% ,rm $is eC(e"i#in #
    Del$i6 !r #$e neC# #en "a%s1
    2$ile #$e (li=e 2$'"
    ass=ia#e" $is name 2i#$
    Ma"anlal's /m/ less #$an ,r#%D
    eig$# $urs a,#er i#s eC(lsin
    2$% *ar.are $a" n# /een
    arres#e"6 T$e sl2 Burne% , $is
    'uer% #$rug$ ,$V =$annels ,
    #$e In"ian (li=e (r+i"e" a
    (ain,ul illus#ra#in , an#$er
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    ,a=#H "es#ine" # re#ar" #$e
    in+es#iga#in , #$e /m/ a#
    Birla Huse1 #$e =rus$ini /ur"en
    , re" #a(e s#rangling ('=e
    (r=e"ures6 I# #. se+en "a%s1
    un#il 37 Jan uar%1 ,r Desai's
    'uer% # rea" #$e A$me"nagar
    &ID6 T$ere1 i# 2ul" si# ,
    an#$er ,i+e "a%s /e,re a
    2arran# ,r *ar.are's arres#
    2ul" /e issue" n P Januar%6
    Desai $imsel,1 2$ sa2
    $un"re"s , similar (a(ers =rss
    $is "es. ea=l "a%1 "i" n#
    remem/er #$e re(r# a# #$e #ime
    $e re=ei+e" #$e name ,
    Ma"anlal3 =lleagues6
    2ere l.ing ,r $im1 #$e ,a.e
    sa"$u 2ul" /e si##ing in #$e
    /a=. rm , $is arms s$(
    .ni##ing u( #$e /ulle#D(r, +es#s
    , 2$i=$ $e 2as s (ru"6
    )i+en #$e (rgress , $is 2n
    in+es#iga#in1 Nagar+alla 2as
    n# im(resse" /% #$e in,rma#in
    $an"e" # $im /% #$e Del$i
    (li=e ,,i=ers6 Mre+er1 #$e
    #2 men1 ne , 2$m 2as a
    Si.$1 $a" ele=#e" # s#a% in a
    $#el 2$se (r(rie#r 2as
    .n2n # #$e Bm/a% &ID as a
    Si.$ eC#remis# agi#a#r6 T$a#
    $ar"l% seeme" # Nagar+alla a
    Bu"i=ius a=#in n #$e (ar# ,
    ,,i=ers assigne" # in+es#iga#e a
    =ns(ira=% # .ill )an"$i6
    He "e=i"e" $e "i"n'# nee" #$eir
    $el(6 Brus'uel%1 $e r"ere" #$em
    # re#urn # #$eir $#el an" s#a%
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    AN OLD MAN AND
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    $a" =$ara=#eriQe" D6 J6
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    2a#=$e" +er #$e in+es#iga#in
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    in na


    A54

    >@B MUST )ET )ANDHI
    BE!ORE THB rOLI&E )ET6
    US' A5

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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    $ #ri(6
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    ]


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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    sugges#e" $e mig$# rea" $er
    $an" ,r $erJDelig$#e"1 #$e girl
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    Islam D Ms'ue a# Me$rauli1
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    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    Ours 2ill /e #$e #erri/le
    $umilia#in i, 2e " n#
    su==ee"6''
    !inall% 2e "e=i"e" # g # #$e
    (la=e 2$ere 2e $a" (re+iusl%
    gne ,r s$#ing an" #$a# (la=e
    2as Bus# /e$in" Birla Man"ir r
    Birla Tem(le6 @e 2en# #$ere6 @e
    $a" # imagine 2$e#$er )an"$iBi
    2ul" /e si##ing 2$en #$e #ime
    ,r #$e s$#ing =ame1 r
    2$e#$er $e 2ul" /e in a
    s#an"ing (si#in6 @e =ul" n#
    .n2 2$i=$ i# 2ul" /e6 I# 2as a
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    ma##er , =$an=e s 2e $a" # #r%
    #$ings /#$ 2a%s6
    A==r"ingl%1 A(#e (i=.e" u# a
    #ree 2$i=$ 2as a /a/ul #ree se#
    a(ar# ,rm #$e #$ers6 He sa#
    "2n /esi"e i# # imagine #$e
    $eig$# )an"$iBi 2ul" $a+e /een
    2$ile $e 2as si##ing6 @$ere $is
    $ea" 2as1 $e ma"e sme mar.s
    n #$e #ree 2i#$ a .ni,e6 ' @ell1'
    $e sai" # Na#$uram1 '#a.e #$is #
    /e )an"$iBi's $ea"T #$is # /e $is
    /"%6 N2 ,in" #$e #arge#6'
    Na#$uram "re2 a2a% # a range
    , a/u# 54 # 50 ,ee#6 !rm
    #$ere1 $e ,ire" a# #$e #arge#6 One
    a,#er an#$er $e ges n ,iring1
    ,ur #imes6 He ,in"s $is #arge#H
    $e ,in"s i# O6*6 A(#e 2en# u( #
    #$e #ree6 He l.e" a# #$e (la=e
    2$ere $e $a" ma"e #$e mar.s
    ,r )an"$iBi's $ea"6 T$e /ulle#s
    2ere all #$ere6
    '@ell1 Na#$uram1' $e sai"1
    'i#'s(er,e=#!'
    )an"$i's grea# 2r. in Del$i
    2as alms# "ne6 He $a" arri+e"
    ,ur mn#$s /e,re in a =i#% ,
    #$e "ea"1 i#s gran" /ule+ar"s
    e"ge" 2i#$ =r(ses1 (ani= an"6
    ,ear ram(an# in i#s
    neig$/ur$"s1 i#s g+ernmen#
    ,rig$#ene" an" in "isarra%6 N21
    #$e =a(i#al 2as =alm6 Or"er $a"
    /een res#re"6 T$e agn% , $is
    ,as# $a" "rama#i=all% al#ere" i#s
    mral =lima#e6 I# 2as #ime ,r
    $im # lea+e6
    @$ile1 in a near/% gla"e1 a man
    ,ire" ,ur /ulle#s a# a mar. n a
    #reeD#run. re(resen#ing $is $ea"1
    )an"$i se# a #en#a#i+e "a#e ,r
    $is "e(ar#ure ,rm Ne2 Del$i6
    He =$se ? !e/ruar%6 He 2ul"
    re#urn ,irs# # $is as$ram u#si"e
    @ar"$a6 T$en1 #en "a%s la#er1 $e
    2ul" s#ar# $is age" ,ee# "2n
    #$e $ig$2a%s 2$ere s man%
    $a" /een massa=re"1 $(ing
    2i#$ #$e ,r=e , $is l+e #
    re+erse #$e =urren#s , #$e
    grea#es# migra#in in $uman
    $is#r%1 see.ing in $is (ilgrimage
    # Pa.is#an #$e las# grea# mira=le
    /e=.ning # $im li.e a mirage
    n a "eser# $riQn6
    As al2a%s1 e+er% mmen# ,
    )an"$i's "a% 2as =are,ull%
    (lanne" an" use"6 He s(un6 He
    $a" $is mu"(a=. an" $is enema6
    He s#u"ie" Bengali6 He 2r#e a
    "Qen le##ers6 He la/ure" n $is
    "ra,# , $is ne2 =ns#i#u#in ,r
    #$e &ngress Par#%6 He re=ei+e"
    a s#ream , +isi#rs6 He B.e"
    2i#$ In"ira )an"$i an" $er
    =usin1 Tara Pan"i#T au#gra($e"
    a (i=#ure ,r Margare# Bur.eD
    @$i#e6 As $e "i" s1 $e #l" $er
    Ameri=a s$ul" a/an"n #$e
    a#mi= /m/6 Nn+ilen=e1 $e
    sai"1 2as #$e nl% ,r=e #$e
    /m/ =ul" n# "es#r%6 In an
    a#mi= a##a=.1 $e 2ul" urge $is
    ,ll2ers # s#an" ,irm1 'l.ing
    u(1 2a#=$ing 2i#$u# ,ear1
    (ra%ing ,r #$e (il#'6
    Su""enl%1 2i#$ #$e s2i,#ness , a
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    mnsn "2n(ur1 a =r"an#
    n#e in#ru"e" u(n #$a# /us%1
    $a((% "a%6 A gru#6 Hin"us an"
    Si.$s ,rm #$e !rn#ier
    Pr+in=e1 +i=#ims , a #en
    massa=re n #$e "a% $e $a"
    annun=e" $is ,as#1 =ame # =all6
    Be )an"$i =ul" ,,er #$em an
    eC(ressin , $is grie,1 ne , #
    em/i##ere" num/er snarle" a#
    $im1 'Yu $a+e "ne us enug$
    $i Yu $a+e ruine" us u##erl%6
    Lea+e us alne6 ) re#ire # #$e
    ! ala%as6'
    His 2r"s s#unne" )an"$i6 T$e
    li##le /"% seeme" # =rum(l $e
    $ear" #$em1 as #$ug$ sme
    #erri/le 2eig$# 2as =rus$ing "
    n $im6 )ing u# # $is (ra%er
    mee#ing $is (a=e 2as la/ure"1
    $an"s #$a# usuall% res#e" n
    Manu an" A/$a as lig$#l% as
    2is( =##n .$a"i gri((e" #$eir
    s$ul"ers ,r su((r#6
    His +i=e s,# an" 2ea.1 a
    #erri/le sa"ness un"erlining ea=l
    $is s%lla/les1 In"ia's Ma$a#ma
    /egan # a""ress $is =un#r%men
    #$e las# #ime6 T$e s$a"2s ,
    2in#er #2ilig$# 2ere alrea"%
    /egini # #$rus# #$eir s#ains
    a=rss #$e la2n as $e s(.e6
    Ine+i#a/l%1 #urne" # #$e
    eC=$ange 2i#$ #$e angr% re,ugee
    #$a# $a" s u_ $im6
    '@$m s$all I lis#en # ?' $e
    as.e" #$e silen# ga#$ering /e,re
    / 'Sme as. me # s#a% $ere
    2$ile #$ers as. me # g a2a%6
    SV re(r+e an" re+ile me1
    2$ereas #$ers eC#l me6 @$a#
    am I # #$en?' $e as.e"
    r$e#ri=all%1 $is +i=e s,# an"
    ,ull , $ur#6 T 2$a# )"
    =mman"s me # "6 I see.
    (ea=e ami"s# "isr"er6'
    A,#er a lng an" #$ug$#,ul
    silen=e1 )an"$i =n=lu"e"6 '
    Himala%as1' $e sai"1 'are $ere6'
    S$r#l% a,#er #$e =n=lusin ,
    )an"$i's (ra%er mee#ing1 a l=
    "is#an=e #ele($ne =all rea=$e"
    #$e (li=e ,,i=er in =$arge ,
    in+e ga#ing #$e a##em(# n $is
    li,e6 Sin=e Ma"anlal $a" /r.en
    "2nT gi+en $is "e#aile"
    =n,essin1 SanBee+i's en'uir%
    $a" ma"e li##le , gress6 S#ill
    g+erne" /% $is uns$a.ea/le
    =n+i=#in #$a# #$e .il 2ul" n#
    re#urn1 $e $a" m+e" i# ,r2ar"
    a# #$e same leisuT (a=e #$a# $a"
    =$ara=#eriQe" i# sin=e $e $a"
    #a.en i# un"er $is =i man"6
    His =aller # $a" s=an# (rgress
    # re(r#6 'Jimm%' Nagar+al
    Bm/a% in+es#iga#in $a"
    %iel"e" li##le ne2 a,#er i#s ,irs#
    A: $ T$e Bm/a% @a#=$ers'
    Bran=$ =n#inue" i#s +igilan=e a#
    #$e gT , Sa+ar.ar Sa"an1 /u# #$e
    Ma=$ia+ellian lea"er insi"e 2as
    # =U # re+eal $is $an"6 An"
    %e#1 sme malignan# ra"ia#in
    seeme" emana#e ,rm #$a#
    $use6 Sme#$ing in #$e =ns#an#
    ,l2 , Sa+ar. ,ll2ers in an"
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    u# , i#s (remises s(.e #
    Nagar+alla's (l man's ins#in=#s6
    'Dn'# as. me 2$%1' $e #l"
    SanBee+.'/u# I Bus# .n2 an#$er
    a##em(# is =ming6 I#'s sme#$ing
    I =an ,eel in #$e a#ms($ere
    $ere6>
    '@$a# " %u 2an# me #
    " ?'SanBee+i eC(l"e"6Ne$ru
    an" Pa#el $a" /#$ urge" )an"$i
    # all2 #$e (li=e # sear=$ #$e
    (u/li= =ming # $is (ra%ers6
    )an"$i's ans2er1 SanBee+i
    eC(laine" angril%1 2as1 >I, $e
    sees a (li=eman in uni,rm a#
    $is (ra%ers1 $e'll g n a ,as# #
    "ea#$6 @$a# =an 2e "?'
    T$e ans2er # SanBee+i's
    'ues#in la% n #$e "es. ,
    an#$er In"ian (li=eman 844
    miles ,rm Del$i6 U6 H6 Ran a1
    #$e De(u#% Ins(e=#rD)eneral in
    =$arge , #$e &ID Pna1 $a"
    ,inall% /#aine" #$e in,rma#in
    $e =ul" $a+e g# ,ur "a%s
    earlier /% #$e sim(le eC(e"ien#
    , a #ele($ne =all6 Nine "a%s
    a,#er Ma"anlal's ,irs# s#a#emen#1
    ,i+e "a%s a,#er $is ,ull
    =n,essin1 a (li=e ,,i=er 2as
    ,inall% in (ssessin , #$e
    i"en#i#ies , #$e +enge,ul #rini#%
    s2rn # (ene#ra#e #$e (re=in=#s
    , Birla Huse6
    Ye# Rana "i" n# #ele($ne r
    =a/le a "es=ri(#in , A(#e an"
    )"se # Del$i6 He ma"e n
    e,,r# # rus$ #$eir ($#s # #$e
    guar"s a# Birla Huse )a#e6
    Ba"ge s(en# #$e "a% .ni##ing u(
    $is /ulle#D(r, +es#s in $is
    Pna arms s$(1 unmles#e" /%
    Rana'? men6 T$e same
    "e#ermine" /elie, #$a# m#i+a#e"
    SanBee+i's a=#ins in Del$i
    a((aren#l% g+erne" Rana's in
    #$e =a(i#al , Hin"u eC#remism6
    He seeme" =n,i"en# #$e
    au#$rs1 , #$e ,ias= , 54
    Januar% 2ul" ne+er "are s#ri.e
    again6 T$e ms# im(r#an#
    in,rma#in #$e In"ian (li=e
    (ssesse" ne+er le,# $is "es.6
    T$e #$ree men 2$ 2ere n#
    su((se" # =me /a=. s#" in
    #$e s(arsel% ,urnis$e" =n,ines
    , Re#iring Rm Num/er SiC ,
    #$e Ol" Del$i rail2a% s#a#in
    2a#=$ing #$e /us#le , #ngas1
    =ar#s1 =rea.ing /uses1 s2arming
    /% in #$e s#ree# /el26 T$e (li=e
    , In"ia n lnger $a" "a%s in
    2$i=$ # sa+e #$e li,e ,
    Ma$a#ma )an"$i6 T$e% $a" nl%
    $urs6 )"se1 A(#e an" *ar.are
    $a" Bus# ,iCe" in #$a# "im
    railra" s#a#in rm #$eir
    ren"eQ+us 2i#$ $is#r%6 T$e%
    $a" =$sen #$e $ur 2$en #$e%
    2ul" .ill M$an"as )an"$i6
    T$e% 2ul" assassina#e $im a#
    ,i+e '=l=. #$e ,ll2ing "a%1
    !ri"a%1 ?4 Januar%1 in #$e same
    Birla Huse gar"en in 2$i=$
    #$eir ,irs# a##em(# n $is li,e $a"
    ,aile"6S6
    Na#$uram 2as in a g" m"
    W*ar.are re=alle"_6 He 2as +er%
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    =$eer,ul6 He 2as relaCe"6 A#
    a/u# :6?41 in a m"% 2a%1 $e
    sai"1 '&me6 @e mus# all $a+e
    ur las# meal #ge#$er6 @e mus#
    $a+e a g" meal1 a ,eas#6 @e
    ma% ne+er /e a/le # $a+e
    an#$er6'
    @e 2en# "2n an" s#ar#e" #
    2al. #$rug$ #$e s#a#in un#il 2e
    g# # a res#auran# name"
    Bran"n's run /% a =n#ra=#r
    2$ $a" a =$ain , su=$
    res#auran#s in all #$e s#a#ins6
    '@e =an'# g #$ere1' A(#e s
    '*ar.are is a +ege#arian6'
    Na#$uram #$re2 $is arm arun"
    m% s$ul"er an" sai"H 'Yu rig$#6
    Tnig$# 2e mus# all /e #ge#$er6'
    S 2e 2en# in sear=$ , an
    (la=e6
    @e as.e" ,r a sum(#uus mealH
    ri=e1 +ege#a/le =urries1 =$a(e
    T$e 2ai#er sai" #$ere 2ere n
    sur ga# =ur"s # "rin.1 a
    ,es#i+e "i ,r a +ege#arian meal6
    Na#$uram =alle" #$e $ea"2ai#er
    an" ga+e 3 ,i+e ru(ees6 'L.1'
    $e sai"1 '#$is is a (ar#% meal6 @e
    2an# =ur"s /ruB6 Yu g
    an%2$ere %u $a+e # g1 %u
    /u% a# an% (ri=e1 /u# %u /ring
    /a=. =ur"s6'
    Sa#is,ie" 2i#$ ur meal1 2e
    2al.e" /a=. # #$e Re#iring
    Rm1 2ere (re(are" # s'a% an"
    =$a#1 /u# Na#$uram sai"H 'N6
    N2 %u m le# me relaC6 I 2an#
    # /e alne6'
    As A(#e an" *ar.are s#ar#e" #
    lea+e #$e rm1 *ar.are #urn
    /a=. ,r a las# glan=e a# )"se6
    T$e man 2$ 2as ging # .
    )an"$i 2as alrea"% s#re#=$e"
    u# n $is /e" rea"ing ne , #$e
    #+ /.s $e $a" /rug$# 2i#$
    $im # Del$i6 I# 2as an Erie
    S#anl )ar"ner1 Perr% Masn
    "e#e=#i+e s#r%6
    Ma$a#ma )an"$i s(en# #$e ,inal
    e+ening , $is li,e s#ruggling 3
    ,inis$ 2$a# 2ul" /e=me $is
    las# 2ill an" #es#amen# # #$e
    In"ia na#in1 $is "ra,# , a ne2
    =ns#i#u#in ,r #$e &ngress
    Par#%6 J 76301 #$e #as. ,inall%
    =m(le#e"1 $e rse6 'M% $ea" is
    reeling1' $e sig$e"6
    He s#re#=$e" u# $ $is (alle#
    an" res#e" $is /al" $ea" n
    Manu la( 2$ile s$e sl2l%
    massage" i# 2i#$ il6 !r #$e
    $an",ul , "e+#e "is=i(les 2$
    s$are" $is eCis#en=e1 #$se ,e2
    mmen#s /e,re slee al2a%s
    =ns#i#u#e" a res#,ul islan" in
    #$eir =r2"e" "a%s1 a /rie
    'uar#er , an $ur 2$en #$eir
    Ba(u /elnge" # #$em an" n#
    # #$ 2rl"6 RelaCe"1 =$a##ing
    gail%1 )an"$i 2ul" re+ie2 #$e
    "a%' e+en#s1 ma.ing #$e li##le
    B.es $e l+e"6
    T$is e+ening1 $2e+er1 #$ere
    2as n B% n $is ,a=e6 He =ul"
    n erase ,rm $is memr% #$e
    $a#eD=ns#ri=#e" mu#$ , #$e
    re,ugei u##ering $is =urse6 He
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    2as silen# ,r #2 r #$ree
    minu#es 2$ili Manu's (r/ing
    ,ingers s#re#=$e" an" =n#ra=#e"
    #$e s.in , $iH s=al(6 T$en $e
    /egan # "is=urse n a su/Be=#
    $is "ra,# =ns#i#u#ii $a" /rug$#
    # $is min"1 #$e gr2ing signs ,
    =rru(#in amng #$e men
    2$se un"is(u#e" lea"er $e'"
    n=e /een6
    'H2 =an 2e l. #$e 2rl" in
    #$e ,a=e i, #$is ges n?' $e
    as.e" FT$e $nur , #$e 2$le
    na#in $inges n #$se 2$ $a+e
    (ar#i=i(a#e" in #$e ,ree"m
    s#ruggle6 I, #$e% # a/use #$eir
    (2er1 2e are sure # lse ur
    ,#ing6'
    He la(se" in# an#$er , $is
    melan=$l% silen=es6 T$en1 in a
    ,rlrn +i=eT $e $al,D2$is(ere"
    a +erse , an Ur"u (e# , #$e
    =i#% , Alla$a/a"6
    'S$r# li+e" is #$e s(ring in #$e
    gar"en , #$e 2rl"1' $e sig$e"6
    '@a#=$ #$e /ra+e s$2 2$ile i#
    las#s6'
    A,#er lea+ing )"se1 A(#e an"
    *ar.are 2ere ner+us6 T$e%
    "e=i"e" # g # a =inema6
    @e 2al.e" arun" an" 2en# in#
    #$e ,irs# ne 2e sa2 W*ar.are
    remem/ere"_6 I# 2as a ,ilm
    /ase" n a s#r% , Ra/in"rana#$
    Tagre1 #$e grea# (e#6 A# #$e
    in#ermissin 2e 2ere s#an"ing
    an" #al.ing in #$e l//%6 I 2as
    =n=erne" /e=ause a# ur
    ,are2ell "inner1 Na#$uram $a"
    sai"1 'I#'ll /e all +er #mrr2
    r #$e "a% a,#er #mrr26'
    'D %u remem/er Na#$uram's
    2r"s?' I as.e" A(#e6
    ' Yes1' $e sai"6
    '@ell1 2$% "i" Ae sa% s?' I
    as.e"6 '@ill $e reall% /e a/le #
    " i#1 /e=ause i#'s a $ea+% #as.?'
    A(#e "re2 u( =lse # me6
    'Lis#en *ar.are1' $e sai"1 8 .n2
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    #ell %u 2$a# $a((ene" an" %u
    "ra2 %ur =n=lusin6 @$en 2e
    le,# Del$i n 54 Januar%1 2e
    2en# "2n # &a2nD(re in #$e
    ,irs#D=lass =m(ar#men#6 @e
    2ere =$a##ing ,r a lng #ime an"
    n# $a+ing a g" slee(6 A#
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    $is u((er /er#$6 He s$. me6
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    2$ am ging # " i#1 I an" n
    ne else6 T$is mus# /e "ne /%
    ne man 2$ is rea"% #
    sa=ri,i=e $imsel,6 I 2ill /e #$a#
    man6 I 2ill " i# alne6F'
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    /u# +er% l2 s n ne arun"
    us mig$# $ear1 $e sai"H 'lis#en
    *ar.are1 2$en I $ear" Na#$uram
    u##er #$se 2r"s1 I sa2 /e,re
    m% e%es l%ing n #$e ,lr ,
    #$a# =ar1 #$e "ea" /"% ,
    Ma$a#ma )an"$i6 T$a# is $2
    mu=$ ,ai#$ I $a+e in Na#$uram6'
    A #erri/le ,i# , =ug$ing
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    engul,e" #$e slen"er ,igure n
    $is (alle# in Birla Huse6 T$e
    "e+#e" girl 2$ $a" s$are" s
    man% , )an"$i's (ain,ul $urs
    "uring #$e las# %ear ,el# #ears ,ill
    $er e%es as s$e 2a#=$e" $is li##le
    /"% 'ui+ering /esi"e $er6
    Manu .ne2 #$a# Sus$ila Na%%ar
    $a" le,# /e$in" a (a=.age ,
    (eni=illin lQenges ,r )an"$i's
    use n Bus# su=$ ==asins as
    #$is6 Li,e in #$e ser+i=e , In"ia's
    Ma$a#ma1 $2e+er1 2as n#
    eas%6 Manu 2as a,rai" # sugges#
    $e #a.e ne1 sure $er ges#ure
    2ul" ,,en" $im6 !inall%1
    una/le # /ear $er Ba(u's
    anguis$ an% lnger1 s$e ,,ere"
    # /ring $im ne6
    )an"$i's re(l% # $er sli=i#u"e
    2as eCa=#l% 2$a# Manu $a"
    ,eare" i# 2ul" /e1 a re(ra=$6
    S$e 2as re+ealing1 $e sai"1 $er
    la=. , ,ai#$ in $is sle (r#e=#r1
    Rama6
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    ,inis$e" rea"ing #$a# e+ening6

    THE SE&OND &RU&I!IMION

    A?0

    T$e Se=n" &ru=i,iCin
    Ne2 Del$i1 ?4 Januar% 37A:
    T$e las# "a% in #$e li,e ,
    M$an"as *aram=$an" )an"$i
    /egan as all $is "a%s sin=e Su#$
    A,ri=a1 /% $is (ra%ing in #$e
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    =eles#ial sng , Hin"uism1 #$e
    B$aga+a" )i#a6 !r #$is !ri"a%
    #$eir mrning re=i#a#in
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    =m(rise" #$e ,irs# an" se=n"
    , #$e )i#a's eig$#een "ialgues6
    )an"$i's $ig$1 s,# +i=e
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    T$ere,re +er #$e ine+i#a/le
    T$u s$ul"s# n# grie+e6
    @$en #$e (ra%er 2as +er1 Manu
    le" )an"$i in# #$e s(are rm
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    m+e ,rm ne rm # an#$er
    unai"e"6 Si##ing "2n a# #$e
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    man1 " n# #a.e res#!'
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    (la=e arun" )an"$iBi a# Birla
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    $im ,r a 2$ile1 A(#e annun=e"
    i# 2as a /a" i"ea6 He sai"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    s$##n I# 2as /% #$en #ime #
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    a==r"ing # #$e rules #$a# (la=e1
    Na#$uram #. u# #$e (is#l6 He
    =are,ull% (u# se+en /ul/ insi"e6
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    2e le,#6
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    $is $an"s6 He 2as a/u# #
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    #ime $e =ame /a=.1 #elling #$a#1
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    in (la=e?
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    (ar#i=ularl% 2an#e" # (ra% #
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    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    =r2" #2ar"s #$e rig$# as 2e
    ,a=e" #$e (la#,rm6 I# 2ul"
    mean an a==ura#e s$# , a/u#
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    #$ir#%D,i+e ,ee#6 SiQing u( #$e
    "is#an=e I silen#l% 2n"ere" '&an
    Na#$uram " i#?' He 2as n# an
    eC(erien=e" r (ar#i=ularl% g"
    s$#6 @ill $e /e ner+us an" lse
    $is aim1 I 2n"ere"? I glan=e" a#
    Na#$uram6 He 2as s#aring
    s#raig$# a$ea"1 seemingl% =alm1
    all 2ra((e" u( in $imsel,6 I
    glan=e" a# m% 2a#=$6 )an"$iBi
    2as =ming la#e6 I /egan #
    2n"er 2$%6 I 2as a /i# ner+us6
    Manu an" A/$a 2ere ner+us
    #6 I# 2as alrea"% #en minu#es
    (as# ,i+e6 T$e gen#le "i=#a#r
    2$ ran #$eir li+es $a#e" n#$ing
    s mu=$ as /eing la#e1 an" a/+e
    all /eing la#e ,r $is e+ening
    (ra%ers6 T$e #ne , $is #al. 2i#$
    Pa#el $a" seeme" s gra+e1
    $2e+er1 #$a# nei#$er , #$em
    $a" "are" in#erru(# # remin"
    $im , #$e #ime6 !inall%1 Manu
    =aug$# $is e%e an" ges#ure" a#
    $er 2a#=$6
    )an"$i glan=e" "2n a# $is l"
    Ingersll1 #$en alms# lea(# ,rm
    $is (alle#6 'O$1' $e sai" # Pa#el1
    '%u mus# le# me g ,ree6 I# is
    #ime ,r me # g # )"'s
    mee#ing6'
    As $e emerge" ,rm #$e ,,i=e
    in# #$e gar"en #$e li##le =r#ege
    #$a# al2a%s es=r#e" )an"$i #
    #$e (ra%er grun"s ,rme" u(
    ,r #$e las# #ime6 T2 , i#s
    mem/ers 2ere missing6
    Sus$ilaNa%%ar6#$e "=#r 2$
    usuall% 2al.e" in ,rn# ,
    )an"$i1 2as s#ill in Pa.is#an6
    T$e (li=e ,,i=er 2$m #$e
    /e"ri""en D6 @6 Me$ra $a"
    assigne" # re(la=e $im a#
    )an"$i's si"e 2as n# #$ere
    ei#$er6 He $a" /een summne"
    # an urgen# mee#ing in
    "2n#2n Del$i # "is=uss


    s#e((e" in# #$e =rri"r6 He $a"
    #$e (is#l =n=eale" /e#2een $is
    $an"s6 He /2e" sl2l% ,rm
    #$e 2ais#1 an" $e sai" # $imH
    'Namas#e )an"$iBi6'
    Manu #$ug$# $e 2an#e" # .iss
    )an"$i's ,ee#6 )en#l%1 s$e
    eC#en"e" an arm # m#in $im
    a2a%6 'Br#$er1' s$e murmure"1
    'Ba(u is alrea"% #en minu#es
    la#e6'
    A# #$a# ins#an# Na#$uram's le,#
    arm s$# u#1 #$rus#ing $er
    /ru#all% asi"e6 T$e /la=. Bere##a
    (is#l la% eC(se" in $is rig$#
    $an"6 Na#$uram (ulle" #$e
    #rigger #$ree #imes6 T$ree s$ar(
    re(r#s s$a##ere" #$e s#illness ,
    #$e (ra%er grun"6 Na#$uram
    )"se $a" n# ,aile"6 All #$ree
    run"s #re in# #$e =$es# , #$e
    slen"er ,igure a"+an=ing
    #2ar"s $im6
    Manu1 gr(ing # re=+er #$e
    s(i##n an" n#e/. Na#$uram
    $a" .n=.e" ,rm $er $an"s1
    $ear" #$e s$#s6 S$e l.e" u(6
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    Han"s =las(e" in gree#ing1 $er
    /el+e" Ba(u seeme" # /e s#ill
    m+ing ,r2ar"1 =$es# /are1
    #r%ing # #a.e ne las# s#e(
    #2ar"s #$e (ra%er (la#,rm
    a$ea"6 S$e sa2 #$e re" s#ains
    s(rea"ing +er #$e gleaming
    2$i#e .$a"i6 )an"$i gas(e"1 'He
    Ram D O )"!' T$en a li,eless
    li##le /un"le1 $e sl2l% san. #
    #$e grun" /esi"e $er1 $is $an"s
    s#ill ,rQen in #$e ,inal ges#ure #
    2$i=$ $is s(iri# $a" =mman"e"
    #$em1 a gree#ing # $is assassin6
    In #$e ,l"s , #$e /l"Dsa.e"
    "$#i1 Manu sa2 #$e eig$#D
    s$iUing Ingersll 2a#=$ 2$se
    lss $a" s (aine" )an"$i #en
    mn#$s /e,re6 I# 2as se+en#een
    minu#es (as# ,i+e6
    > > >
    Luis Mun#/a##en re=ei+e"
    #$eJne2s )an"$i $a" /een s$#
    as $e #r##e" u( # )+ernmen#
    Huse ,rm a ri"e6 His ,irs#
    2r"s ,rme" a 'ues#in
    millins 2ul" as. in #$e neC#
    $ursH '@$ "i" i#?'
    '@e "n'# .n21 sir1' #$e AD&
    2$ $a" gi+en $im #$e ne2s
    ans2ere"6 Mun#/a##en rus$e"
    # =$ange6 Minu#es la#er1 as $e
    "as$e" u# , )+ernmen#
    Huse1 $e s(##e" $is (ress
    a##a=$eS Alan &am(/ellD
    J$nsn6 He r"ere" $im in# $is
    2ai#ing =ar6
    B% #$e #ime #$e #2 men rea=$e"
    Birla Huse an enrmus =r2"
    $a" alrea"% engul,e" i#s
    grun"s6 As #$e% (us$e" #$eir
    2a% #$rug$ #$e #$rng #
    )an"$i's 'uar#ers1 a man1 $is
    ,a=e =n#r#e" 2i#$ ,renQ% an"
    $%s#eria1 s$rie.e"1 'I# 2as a
    Mslem 2$ "i" i#6'
    A su""en silen=e ,rQe #$e
    =r2"6 Mun#/a##en #urne" #
    #$e man6
    'Yu ,l1' $e s$u#e" as lu"l%
    as $e =ul"1 '"n'# %u .n2 i#
    2as a Hin"u ?'
    Se=n"s la#er1 as #$e% (asse"
    in# #$e $use1 &am(/ellD
    J$nsn #urne" # $im6 'H2 =an
    %u (ssi/l% .n2 i#'s a Hin"u?'
    $e as.e"6 'I "n'#1' ans2ere"
    Mun#/a##en1 '/u# i, i# reall% 2as
    a Mslem1
    In"ia is ging # li+e ne , #$e
    ms# g$as#l% massa=res #$e 2r.
    $as e+er seen6'
    Mun#/a##en's =n=ern 2as
    s$are" /% #$usan"s6 T$e
    =er#ainS #$a# a "isas#er 2ul"
    engul, In"ia i, )an"$i's assassin
    #urne" u# #; /e a Mslem
    (rm(#e" #$e "ire=#r , All
    In"ia Ra"i # ma.e ai
    eC#rar"inar% an" res(nsi/le
    "e=isinH ins#ea" , in#erru(#ing
    #$i ra"i's na#in2i"e =ir=ui#s
    2i#$ In"ia's s=( , #$e =en#ur%1
    $V r"ere" (rgrammes #
    =n#inue as nrmal6 @$ile #$e%
    "i"6'#$# $ea"'uar#ers , #$e
    (li=e an" arm%1 em(l%ing #$eir
    eraergen' #ele($ne =ir=ui#s1 (u#
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    e+er% maBr arm% an" (li=e
    =mman" ir In"ia n emergen=%
    ,#ing6 !rm Birla Huse1 #$e
    (li=e rela%e= # #$e ra"i #$e
    ms# +i#al ne2s , allH Na#$uram
    )"se 2as e Hin"u , #$e
    Bra$min =as#e6 Pre=isel% a# siC
    '=l=.1 in an annun=e' men#
    e+er% 2r" , 2$i=$ $a" /een
    =are,ull% s#u"ie"1 #$e In"iar
    (e(le learne" , #$e "ea#$ ,
    #$e gen#le man 2$ $a" /rug$#
    #$en ,ree"m6
    'Ma$a#ma )an"$i1' #$e ra"i
    annun=e"1 '2as assassina#e" !r
    Me2 Del$i a# #2en#% minu#es
    (as# ,i+e #$is a,#ernn6 His
    assassir 2as a Hin"u6'
    T$e slaug$#er $a" /een a+i"e"T
    i# n2 remaine" # In"ia #=
    murn6
    Ma$a#ma )an"$i's =r(se 2as
    #a.en /a=. in# Birla Huse ,rrr
    #$e gar"en in 2$i=$ $e $a" /een
    s$# an" (la=e" n #$e s#ra2
    (allei n 2$i=$ $e sle(# neC# #
    #$e s(inningD2$eel $e'" #urne"
    ,r #$V las# #ime a ,e2 minu#es
    earlier6 A/$a lai" a 2llen
    2ra((er +ei $is /l"Dsa.e"
    "$#i6 Smene se# /esi"e $is
    (alle# $is $an",u , /elngingsH
    $is 2"en s$2er =lgs1 #$e
    san"als $e'" /een 2ear ing 2$en
    $e 2as s$#1 $is #$ree mn.e%s1
    $is )i#a1 #$e IngersL 2a#=$1 $is
    =are,ull% (lis$e" s(i##n1 #$e
    #in /2l #$a# 2as $iH su+enir ,
    Yera+"a Prisn6
    B% #$e #ime Luis Mun#/a##en
    s#e((e" in# #$e rm1 i# 2as
    alrea"% =r2"e" 2i#$ murners6
    Ne$ru1 $is ,a=e as$en1 2as
    s'ua##inB n #$e ,lr1 $is $ea"
    agains# #$e 2all1 #ears inun"a#ing
    $is $an"sme ,ea#ures6 A ,e2
    ,ee# a2a%1 a #$un"ers#ru=. Pa#el
    sa# li.e a s#n> Bu""$a1 $is e%es
    ri+e#e" n #$e /"% , #$e man
    # 2$m $J" /ee# s(ea.ing less
    #$an an $ur /e,re6
    A s,# ,lu##er , sun" ,la#e"
    #$rug$ #$e rmH #$e 2mer
    arun" )an"$i's im(r+ise" /ier
    =$an#ing #$e )i#a6 T$e range
    gl2 , a "Qen ilDlam(s
    2ra((e" #$e Ma$a#ma's /"% in
    #$eir sa= an" gen#le aura6 T$e
    arma , in=ense $ung n #$e
    air6 Manu sun"lessl% 2ee(ing1
    $el" $er /el+e" Ba(u's $ea" in
    $er la(6 @i#$ #$e ,ingers #$a# $a"
    massage" i# 2i#$ il #$e e+ening
    /e,re1 s$e gen#l% =aresse" #$e
    li,eless s.ull ,rm 2$i=$ s
    man% riginal i"eas $a" ,l2e"
    u# # man.in"6
    L%ing #$ere n $is (alle#1 $is
    '"eBe=#e" s(arr2> seeme" #
    Mun#/a##en # /e alrea"%
    "iminis$e" in siQe1 a =$il"'s /"%
    /arel% ,illing $is li##le (ie=e ,
    ,lr6 Smene $a" rem+e" #$e
    s#eelDrimme" s(e=#a=les #$a# $a"
    /e=me s mu=$ a (ar# ,
    )an"$i's ,ea#ures1 an" ,r an
    ins#an#1 l.ing "2n in #$e
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    =an"lelig$#1 Mun#/a##en "i" n#
    'ui#e re=gniQe $im6 An
    as#nis$ing l. , re(se
    =+ere" $is ,a=e6 Ne+er1
    Mun#/a##en #$ug$#1 $a" $e
    seen $is ,ea#ures as (ea=e,ul an"
    =m(se" in li,e as #$e% 2ere
    n2 in "ea#$6 Smene (resse"
    a =u( , rse (e#als in#
    Mun#/a##en's $an"s6 Sa"l%1 $e
    le# #$e (in. lea+es #um/le # #$e
    /"% /el21 #$e ,inal #ri/u#e ,
    In"ia's las# -i=er% # #$e man
    2$ $a" (u# an en" # $is grea#D
    gran"m#$er's em(ire6 @a#=$ing
    #$em ,all1 a #$ug$# s#ru=. Luis
    Mun#/a##en1 a #$ug$# $e
    2ul" re(ea# in a ,e2 $urs'
    #ime # a =lse ,rien"6
    'Ma$a#ma )an"$i1' $e #l"
    $imsel,1 '2ill g "2n in $is#r%
    n a (ar 2i#$ Bu""$a an" Jesus
    &$ris#6'
    Sli((ing #$rug$ #$e #$rng in
    #$e murning =$am/er1
    Mun#/a##en 2en# u( # Ne$ru
    an" Pa#el6 He (u# an arm arun"
    ea=$ man6 'Yu /#$ .n2 $2
    mu=$ I l+e" )an"$iBi1' $e sai"6
    '@ell1' $e =n#inue"1 'le# me #ell
    %u sme#$ing6 T$e las# #ime 2e
    #al.e" $e #l" me $2 2rrie"
    $e 2as #$a# %u1 $is #2 grea#es#
    ,riea"s1 $is grea#es# su((r#ers1
    #$e (e(le $e l+e" an" a"mire"
    ms# in #$e 2rl"1 2ere "ri,#ing
    a(ar#6
    'He #l" me F#$e% lis#en # %u
    n2 mre #$an #$e% " # me6
    D %ur /es# # /ring #$em
    #ge#$er6F T$a# 2as $is "%ing
    2is$6 I, $is memr% means as
    mu=$ # %u as %ur grie,
    im(lies i# "es1 %u'll em/ra=e
    an" ,rge# %ur "i,,eren=es6'
    -isi/l% m+e" /% $is 2r"s1 #$e
    #2 grie+ing lea"ers ,ell in# an
    em/ra=e6
    Mun#/a##en sn realiQe" #$a#
    #$e ms# use,ul ser+i=e $e =ul"
    ,,er #$e na#in 2$i=$ $a" as.e"
    $im # /e $er ,irs# )+ernrD
    )eneral 2ul" /e # #urn $is
    energies # #$e =eremn% n ne
    in #$e ,irs# s$=. , grie, an"
    lss $a" %e# =nsi"ere"1
    )an"$i's ,uneral6
    @i#$ Ne$ru an" Pa#el's
    en"rsemen#1 Mun#/a##en
    (r(se" em/alming )an"$i's
    /"% s #$a# a s(e=ial ,uneral
    #rain mig$# =arr% $is remains
    a=rss In"ia1 gi+ing #$e millins
    $e'" l+e" an" ser+e" a =$an=e
    ,r a las# "ars$an 2i#$ #$eir
    Ma$a#ma6 )an"$i's #imi"
    se=re#ar%1 P%arelal Na%ar1 en"e"
    #$a# i"ea6 )an"$i1 $e sai"1 $a"
    ma"e i# a/slu#el% =lear $e
    2is$e" $is remains # /e
    =rema#e" 2i#$in 5A $urs , $is
    "ea#$ in s#ri=# a==r"an=e 2i#$
    Hin"u =us#m6
    'Yu realiQe1' Mun#/a##en #l"
    Ne$ru an" Pa#el1 '#$a# in #$a#
    =ase 2e 2ill $a+e =r2"s su=$
    as In"ia $as ne+er seen in Del$i
    #mrr26 T$ere is nl% ne
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    rganiQa#in in #$e =un#r% =a(a
    , rganiQing an" =n"u=#ing a
    ,uneral (r=essin in #$se =
    "i#insH #$e mili#ar%6'
    T$e #2 In"ian lea"ers l.e"
    ag$as# a# $is 2r"s6 T$e #$u
    #$a# )an"$i1 , all men1 s$ul"
    /e =n"u=#e" # $is ,uneral ( /%
    #$se 2$se (r,essin 2as 2ar1
    a((alle" #$em6
    )an"$i a"mire" #$e "is=i(line ,
    #$e ser+i=es1 Mun#/a# assure"
    #$e #2 lea"ers6 He 2ul" $a+e
    $a" n /Be=#in # #l ,illing #$e
    rle6 Ne$ru an" Pa#el ,inall%
    n""e" #$eir relu=#an# agi men#6
    T$e las# +%age , In"ia's
    (r($e# , nnD+ilen=e #$rug$
    (e(le 2ul" /e =n"u=#e" as a
    mili#ar% (era#in6
    A,#er Mun#/a##en $a" se# #$e
    ma=$iner% in m#in1 $e #urne=
    Ne$ru6 'Yu .n21' $e sai"1 >%u
    mus# ma.e an a""ress # #$e na#i
    T$e (e(le 2ill /e l.ing #
    %u ,r a lea" n26'
    'I =an'#1' Ne$ru gas(e"6 'I'm #
    u(se#6 I am n# (re(are"6 I "V
    .n2 2$a# # sa%6'
    Dn'# 2rr%1' Mun#/a##en
    re(lie"1 ')" 2ill #ell %u 2$al
    sa%6F
    S(n#aneusl%1 in#ui#i+el%1 In"ia
    rea=#e" # #$e ne2s , )an"
    "ea#$ 2i#$ #$e ms# a((r(ria#e
    , ges#ures6 As )an"$i $a" se#
    (e(le n #$e mar=$ #
    in"e(en"en=e 2i#$ a $ar#al1 a
    na#in2i"e , murning1 s
    In"ia n2 mar.e" $is (assing in
    #$e srr2 silen=e , a real
    $ar#al6
    A/+e #$e +as# (lains1 #$e ,iel"s1
    #$e =lu##ere" slums an" 2ri#!_
    Bungles1 #$e air 2as =r%s#al =lear6
    T$e man#le , In"ia's nig$#1 #$e
    $aQe , #$e =2D"ung ,ires
    /urning in a $un"re" millin
    $ear $a" "isa((eare"6 T murn
    #$e Ma$a#ma1 #$se $ear#$s 2ere
    a
    Bm/a% 2as a g$s# =i#%6 !rm
    #$e /eau#i,ul mansins , Mala
    Hill # #$e slums , Parel1 #$e
    (e(le 2e(#6 &al=u##a's grea#
    Mai 2as alms# em(#%6 T$rug$
    i#s s#ree#s a /are,# sa"$u1 $is 3
    smeare" 2i#$ as$es1 2al.e"1
    =r%ingH FT$e Ma$a#ma is "ea"6
    @ =mes an#$er su=$ as $e?'
    In Pa.is#an1 millins , 2men
    s$a##ere" #$eir /au/les #rin.e#s in
    a #ra"i#inal ges#ure , grie,6 In
    La$re1 n2 aln en#irel%
    Mslem1 ne2s(a(er ,,i=es
    s2arme" 2i#$ (e(le =lamui
    ,r ne2s6 T$ere 2ere #ru/le
    s(#s #6 Pli=e $a" # (r#e=#
    2$i#e2as$e" s$e" in Pna #$a#
    s$el#ere" #$e (ress , #$e Hi
    Ras$#ra6 A #$usan" (e(le #rie"
    # s#rm Sa+ar.ar Sa"an in Bi
    /a%6 M/s a##a=.e" #$e
    $ea"'uar#ers , #$e Hin"u
    Ma$asa/$a #$e RSSS in =i#ies
    a=rss #$e na#in6
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    RanBi# Lai1 #$e (easan# ,rm
    &$a#$ar(ur1 a +illage u#si"e Ds
    2$ $a" 2al.e" $me ,rm #$e
    in"e(en"en=e =ele/ra#ins /ees
    #ngas $a" /e=me #
    eC(ensi+e1 $ear" #$e ne2s n a
    gi,# 2$i=$ ,ree"m $a" /rug$#
    $im an" $is ,ell2 +illagers1 a
    ra"i1 (r+i"e" /% #$e Minis#r%
    , Agri=ul#ure6 Ins#in=#i+el%1 a#
    #$e 2r" , )an"$i's "ea#$1 Lai
    an" #$e en#ire +illage rse6 Bla=.
    sil$ue##es in #$e nig$#1
    &$a#$ar(ur's in$a/i#an#s as 2ell
    as #$se , s=res , #$er
    +illages1 s#ar#e" # mar=$ a=rss
    #$e $ills # Del$i1 re#urning #
    #$e a+enues 2$ere #$e% $a"
    =ele/ra#e" #$eir ,ree"m s as #
    murn i#s ar=$i#e=#1 $ar/ingers
    , #$e ,l" , $umani#%
    Mun#/a##en $a" (re"i=#e"
    2ul" (ur in# #$e =a(i#al a#
    "a2n6
    Burie" in rse (e#als an"
    Basmine /lms1 )an"$i's /"%
    2as =arrie" # an (en /al=n%
    n #$e se=n" ,lr , Birla
    Huse6 !ur ilDlam(s ,r #$e
    ,i+e elemen#s1 ,ire1 2a#er1 air1
    ear#$ an" #$e lig$# 2$i=$ uni#es
    #$em1 2ere aligne" a# $is $ea"6
    T$en1 se# n a 2"en /ar"1 $is
    remains 2ere eC(se" # #$e
    +isi#rs /el21 =lamuring ,r a
    (ar#ing glan=e a# #$eir ls#
    Ma$a#ma6
    T$e% $a" /een #$ere ,r $urs6
    As #$e% $a" n=e /ra+e" #$e
    la#$is , #$e Bri#is$ (li=e in
    )an"$i's name1 #$e% $a" /ra+e"
    #$em all e+ening # 2in ne
    s2i,# l. #$rug$ #$e glass
    "rs , Birla Huse in# #$e
    rm in 2$i=$ $is /"% la%6
    T$usan"s , #$ers $a"
    s2arme" in# #$e gar"en 2$ere
    )an"$i $a" /een s$#1 (lu=.ing
    /la"es , grass as #$eir (ersnal
    memrials , In"ia's li/era#r6
    N21 #$e% ,l2e" (as# #$e
    /al=n% in #$eir #$usan"s1 2$i#e
    .$a"i "$#is an" "resses s$ining
    in #$e glare , #$e sear=$lig$#s1
    #$e +e#erans , an arm% , g$s#s
    =me # murn #$eir ,allen
    general6
    On #$e #$er si"e , Del$i1 a
    $ear#/r.en man ,un" in #$e
    "e(#$s , $is srr2 #$e 2r"s
    $e'" "es(aire" , ,in"ing6
    Ja2a$arlal Ne$ru's e%es 2ere
    ,ille" 2i#$ #ears as $e s#e((e"
    /e,re #$e mi=r($ne , All
    In"ia Ra"i6 As #$e% $a" /een
    n In"e(en"en=e E+e1 #$e 2r"s
    $e 2as a/u# # u##er 2ere
    s(n#aneus1 /u# #$e% gl2e"
    2i#$ un,rge##a/le /eau#%6
    T$e lig$# $as gne u# , ur
    li+es an" #$ere is "ar.ness
    e+er%2$ere1' $e sai"6 'Our
    /el+e" lea"er1 Ba(u1 as 2e
    =alle" $im1 #$e ,a#$er , #$e
    na#in1 is n mre6
    T$e lig$# $as gne u#1 I sai"1
    an" %e# I 2as 2rng6 !r #$e
    lig$# #$a# s$ne in #$is =un#r%
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    2as n r"inar% lig$#6' In a
    #$usan" %ears1 $e (re"i=#e"1
    '#$a# lig$# 2ill s#ill /e seen 666 #$e
    2rl" 2ill see i# an" i# 2ill gi+e
    sla=e # innumera/le $ear#s6
    !r #$a# lig$# re(resen#e"
    sme#$ing mre #$an1 #$e
    imme"ia#e (resen#T i# re(resen#e"
    #$e li+ing1 #$e e#ernal #ru#$s1
    remin"ing us , #$e rig$# (a#$1
    "ra2ing us ,rm errr1 #a.ing
    #$is an=ien# =un#r% # ,ree"m6'
    T$e lig$# 2$se "isa((earan=e
    Ne$ru murne" /elnge" # #$e
    res# , #$e 2rl" as 2ell as #
    In"ia6 !rm e+er% =rner , a
    s$e gl/e1 messages ,
    =n"len=e (ure" in# Ne2
    Del$i6
    T$e ne2s , )an"$i's "ea#$
    m+e" Ln"n as n e+en# $a"
    #$e en" , #$e 2ar6 Ln"ners
    (asse" ea=$ #$er =(ies , #$e
    u# e"i#ins , #$e e+ening (ress
    annun=ing #$e mur"er
    (er(leCing ,igure 2$'" =me #
    #$eir =i#% ,i,#een %ears earliei
    s$ee#1 a ga# /% $is si"e1 # as.
    ,r #$e re#urn , #$e =r2n Be2
    #$eir em(ire6 *ing )erge -IT
    #$e Prime Minis#er1 &lemen# A
    )an"$i's l" ,e1 @ins#n
    &$ur=$illT S#a,,r" &ri((sT #$e #
    /is$( , &an#er/ur%T #$usan"s
    , #$ers sen# #$eir =n"le
    Nne 2ere as memra/le as #$e
    #au# #ri/u#e ,rm #$e (la%2rig$#
    )an"$i $a" me# in Ln"n in
    37?31 )erge Bei S$a26 His
    mur"er1 S$a2 sai"1 's$2s $2
    "angerus i# is # g"'6
    In Paris #$e Premier1 )erges
    Bi"aul#1 remar.e"1 'All #$se
    /elie+e in #$e /r#$er$" ,
    men 2ill murn )an"$i's "ea#$6'
    I Su#$ A,ri=a1 )an"$i's ,irs#
    (li#i=al ri+al1 !iel"DMars$al Jan
    Sr sen# a sim(le #ri/u#eH 'A
    (rin=e amng us $as (asse"1' $e
    sai" #$e -a#i=an1 Pius MII (ai"
    #ri/u#e # 'an a(s#le , (ea=e
    an" a ,# , &$ris#iani#%'6 T$e
    &$inese1 #$e In"nesians 2ere
    s$=.e" ai "isa((earan=e , #$e
    man 2$ 2as #$e (re=ursr ,
    Asian i (en"en=e6 In
    @as$ing#n1 Presi"en# Harr%
    Truman "e=lare"1 en#ire 2rl"
    murns 2i#$ In"ia6'
    Ja2a$arlal Ne$ru's sis#er1 Mrs -6
    L6 Pan"i#1 se# u# a regis#ei
    =n"len=es in $er ne2l%
    (ene" Em/ass% in Ms=26
    N# a si mem/er , Jse, S#alin's
    !reign O,,i=e en#ere" $is name
    in i#6
    FT$ere =an /e n =n#r+ers% in
    #$e ,a=e , "ea#$1' )an= (rin=i(al
    (li#i=al ri+al1 M$amme" Ali
    Jinna$1 2r#e in $is mes ,
    =n"len=e1 'He 2as ne , #$e
    grea#es# men (r"u=e" /% Hin"u
    =mmuni#%6' @$en ne ,
    Jinna$'s assis#an#s1 re+ie2ing
    #eC# 2i#$ $im1 sugges#e"
    )an"$i's "imensins 2ere
    grea#er #$ai 2n =mmuni#%1
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    Jinna$ "emurre"6 )an"$i $a"
    ris.e" $is liT ,r#nig$# /e,re ,r
    In"ia's Mslems an" # sa+e
    Jinna$'s s ,rm /an.ru(#=%1 /u#
    #$e Luai"DeDAQQam 2as as
    in,leCi/le as e
    'N1' $e sai"6 FT$a#'s 2$a# $e
    2as D a grea# Hin"u6'
    A((r(ria#el%1 in #$a# +as#
    u#(uring , #ri/u#es1 i# 2as
    In"ians #$emsel+es 2$
    (r"u=e" #$e ms# memra/le
    #es#im , all6 I# =ame n #$e
    e"i#rial (age , #$e Hin"us#an
    S#an"ar"6' (age 2as le,# /lan.1
    ringe" /% a /la=. /r"er6 A# i#s
    =en#re 2V single (aragra($ se# in
    /l" ,a=e #%(e6 I# rea"H
    ')an"$iBi $as /een .ille" /% $is
    2n (e(le ,r 2$se re"em(l
    $e li+e"6 T$is se=n" =ru=i,iCin
    in #$e $is#r% , #$e 2rl" /een
    ena=#e" n a !ri"a% D #$e same
    "a% Jesus 2as "ne

    "ea#$ ne #$usan" nine $un"re"
    an" ,i,#een %ears ag6 !a#$er1
    ,rgi+e us6'
    Jus# a,#er mi"nig$#1 )an"$i's
    /"% 2as /rug$# "2n ,rm
    #$e /al=n% , Birla Huse6 !r
    a ,e2 /rie, $urs $e /elnge"
    again # #$e li##le =m(an% #$a#
    $a" s$are" $is aus#ere eCis#en=eH
    Manu an" A/$a1 P%arelal1 /is
    se=re#ar%1 #2 , $is sns1
    De+a"as an" Ram"as1 #$e
    $an",ul , #$ers 2$ $a" /een
    a# $is si"e in #$e #rium($s an"
    $ear#/rea. , #$e las# %ear , $is
    li,e6
    !ll2ing #$e s#ri=# "i=#a#es ,
    Hin"u =us#m1 Manu an" A/$a
    smeare" ,res$ =2D"ung +er
    #$e mar/le ,lr , Birla Huse
    # (re(are i# # re=ei+e )an"$i's
    =r(se6 @$en )an"$i's sns an"
    se=re#aries $a" gi+en $im a ,inal
    /a#$1 $is /"% 2as 2ra((e" in a
    2in"ingDs$ee# , $mes(un
    =##n an" se# n #$e ,lr n a
    2"en (lan.6 A Bra$min (ries#
    anin#e" $is =$es# 2i#$
    san"al2" (as#e an" sa,,rn6
    Manu (resse" a +ermilin "#
    u(n $is ,re$ea"6 T$en s$e an"
    A/$a l+ingl% 2r#e 'Hi Ram' in
    laurel lea+es a# $is $ea" an"
    'Om' in rse (e#als a# $is ,ee#6 I#
    2as ?6?4 a6m61 #$e $ur a# 2$i=$
    )an"$i usuall% a2.e ,r
    (ra%er6 @ee(ing s,#l%1 $is
    =m(anins sa# "2n /% $is /ier
    an" ,ille" #$e li##le rm 2i#$ a
    ,are2ell $%mn # #$e man /e,re
    #$em6
    '&+er %ursel, 2i#$ "us#1' #$e%
    sang1 '/e=ause ul#ima#el% %u
    s$all /e a# ne 2i#$ #$e "us#6
    Ha+e %ur /a#$ an" "ress in
    ,res$ garmen#s6 T$ere s$all /e
    n re#urn ,rm #$ere 2$ere %u
    are ging6'
    T$en1 /e,re gi+ing #$e /"% ,
    #$eir /el+e" Ba(u /a=. # a
    2ai#ing 2rl"1 #$e% (er,rme" a
    ,inal ges#ure6 T$e% all .ne2 $2
    )an"$i $a#e" #$e Hin"u =us#m
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    , garlan"ing #$e "e,un=# 2i#$
    2rea#$s , ,l2ers6 An" s
    De+a"as .n##e" arun" $is
    ,a#$er's ne=. #$e rnamen#
    M$an"as *aram=$an" )an"$i
    2ul" #a.e n /is +%age #
    e#erni#%1 a l( , $mes(un
    =##n %arn =u# ,rm #$e #$rea"s
    $e'" #urne" #$a# a,#ernn 2i#$
    #$e las# re+lu#ins , $is
    =$eris$e" s(inningD2$eel6
    !rQen in #$e s#ill sereni#% ,
    "ea#$1 Ma$a#ma )an"$i ,,ere"
    $is +isage # $is (e(le ,r an
    ul#ima#e an" (a#$e#i= "ars$an6
    On=e again1 n i#s raise" 2"en
    (lan. $ea+% 2i#$ rse (e#als an"
    Basmine1 $is /"% 2as eC(se"
    a# sunrise # #$e (u/li= ,rm #$e
    /al=n% , Birla Huse6 Dri+en
    /% an irresis#i/le "esire ,r a las#
    +isin , #$eir Ma$a#ma1 #$e
    2a+es , murners $a" engul,e"
    #$e $use 2i#$ #$e ,irs# ra%s ,
    /rea.ing "a%1 /ea#ing u( agains#
    i#s 2$i#e2as$e" 2alls in a
    =ns#an#l% rene2e" sea , l+e
    an" "es(air6
    Jus# a,#er ele+en in #$e mrning1
    /is "is=i(les =arrie" #$e 2"en
    sla/ "2n ,rm #$e /al=n% an"
    gen#r% se# i# u(n #$e +e$i=le
    2$i=$

    se# u# ,rm $is +illage #$e
    e+ening /e,re a# #$e ne2s ,
    )an"$i's assassina#in6 As #$e
    =r#ege sl2l% sli((e" /el2 $is
    (er=$1 RanBi# Lai sa2 ,r #$e
    ,irs# #ime in $is li,e #$a# ,amus
    ,a=e res#ing n i#s =us$in ,
    ,l2ers6 He ,el# #$e s#ing , #ears
    in $is e%es6 One sim(le #$ug$#
    anima#e" $is gra#e,ul /eing as $e
    2a#=$e" )an"$i (assH 'He ga+e
    me m% ,ree"m6'
    !rm #$e "me , Dur/ar Hall1
    Luis Mun#/a##en's (ress
    a##a=$e Alan &am(/ellDJ$nsn
    2a#=$e" #$e =r#ege a"+an=e
    2i#$ alms# im(er=e(#i/le
    m+emen# alng #$a# im(erial
    a+enue1 #$e +e$i=le a# i#s $ear#
    l=.e" in #$e em/ra=e , +as#
    s2arms , (e(le6 T$ere1 n #$a#
    /ule+ar" "esigne" # =ele/ra#e
    #$e #rium($s , em(ire1 )an"$i1
    $e realiQe"1 '2as re=ei+ing in
    "ea#$ a $mage /e%n" #$e
    "reams , an% -i=er%'6
    !r ,i+e $urs1 an $ur # =+er
    ea=$ mile , i#s ru#e1 #$a#
    (r=essin 6=n#inue" i#s mar=$
    #$rug$ #$e murning #$rngs #
    #$e /an.s , #$e Jumna an"
    )an"$i's ,uneral (%re6 T$ere a#
    leas# an#$er millin (e(le
    s#re#=$e" u# +er #$e /ra"
    mea"2s /e%n" #$e 2ai#ing
    (%rami" , lgs6 &n#em(la#ing
    #$a# un/elie+a/le #$rng1
    Margare# Bur.eD@$i#e
    su""enl% ,el# s$e 2as a/u# #
    re=r" 2i#$ $er Lei=a lens '#$e
    larges# =r2" e+er # ga#$er n
    #$e ,a=e , #$e ear#$'6
    In a small =learing a# #$e $ear# ,
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #$a# mass , $umani#%1 (r#e=#e"
    nl% /% a #$in s=reen , In"ian
    airmen1 2ere a $un"re"
    "igni#aries a2ai#ing #$e ,uneral
    =r#ege6 T$e lean sil$ue##e ,
    Luis Mun#/a##en1 $is $ea"
    =+ere" /% $is 2$i#e na+al
    ,,i=er's =a(1 rse a/+e #$em a#
    #$e ,# , #$e ,uneral (%re i#sel,6
    @$en a# las#1 (asse" ,rm $an"
    # $an" a/+e #$e $ea"s , #$e
    =r2"1 )an"$i's /"% /egan #
    m+e #2ar"s #$e (%re1 a 2a+e
    , un=n#rlla/le $%s#eria #$rus#
    #$e mul#i#u"e ,r2ar"6 'T$ere'll
    /e 'ui#e a s#ir in Ln"n 2$en
    #$e% learn Mun#/a##en1 $is 2i,e1
    $is "aug$#ers an" $is s#a,, $a+e
    /een =rema#e" alng 2i#$
    )an"$i1' MaBr Mar#in )illia#1 a
    mem/er , #$a# s#a,,1 #$ug$#6
    Sensing #$a# mena=e1
    Mun#/a##en (a#ien#l% "r+e #$e
    "igni#aries /a=. #2en#% %ar"s
    ,rm #$e enrmus (ile , lgs6
    T$en $e m#ine" all , #$em #
    si# "2n n #$e grun" #$a# #$eir
    ,ee# $a" alrea"% =$urne" # mu"6
    He $imsel,1 "es(i#e $is
    imma=ula#el% =lean /lue na+al
    uni,rm1 ga+e #$e eCam(le alng
    2i#$ $is 2i,e an" "aug$#er6
    !inall%1 #$e (lan. /earing
    )an"$i's =r(se rea=$e" #$e
    en=lsure6 His sns gen#l% lai" i#
    u(n #$e grea# run" lgs ,
    san"al2"1 $is $ea" (in#e"
    nr#$1 $is ,ee# (in#ing su#$
    a==r"ing # #$e (res=ri(#ins ,
    Hin"u ri#e6 I# 2as ,ur '=l=.
    an" i# 2as #ime # $urr% i,1 as
    =us#m "eman"e"1 #$e ra%s ,
    #$e sun 2ere # l #$eir ,inal
    /lessing # #$e ,a=e , #$e man
    /eing =rema#e" a# I ins#an# #$e
    ,lames =nsume" $is /"%6
    Ram"as1 )an"$i's se=n" sn
    res(nsi/le a==r"ing # Hin
    #ra"i#in ,r =n"u=#ing #$e
    =eremn% in #$e a/sen=e , $is
    el" /r#$er Harilal1 =lim/e" n
    # #$e (%rami"6 @i#$ De+a"as1 i
    %unges# /r#$er1 $e sa.e" #$e
    (ile in g$ee1 =lari,ie" /u##er1 miC
    2i#$ ==nu# il1 =am($r an"
    in=ense6
    L.ing a# #$e sil$ue##e , #$e
    man $e $a" =me # .n2 2ell
    in #$e /rie, s(an , a %ear1 Luis
    Mun#/a##en 2as "eeB m+e"6
    'He l.e" as #$ug$ $e 2as
    slee(ing (ea=e,ull% #$e /e,re
    ur e%es1' $e remem/ere"1 'an"
    %e# in a ,e2 se=n"s 2$ 2e
    l.e" n $e 2as ging #
    "isa((ear in a ,las$ , ,lames6'
    Ram"as )an"$i ma"e ,i+e
    m%s#i= #ri(s arun" #$e (%re 2$
    sa,,rnDr/e" (ries#s =$an#e"
    #$eir man#ras6 T$en smene
    (ass $im a #r=$ igni#e" /% a
    gl2ing =$ar=al /rug$# ,rm
    #$e e#en ,ire , #$e Tem(le , #$e
    Dea"6 Ram"as raise" i# a/+e
    $is $e an" (lunge" i# in# $is
    ,a#$er's ,uneral (%re6 As #$e ,irs#
    un=er#a ,lames /egan # li=.
    #$eir 2a% +er #$e san"al2"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    lgs1 a 'ui+eriH +i=e =$an#e" #$e
    an=ien# -e"i= (ra%er 2$se
    2r"s #$e =nsumi_ (%re
    ,ul,ille"H
    Lea" me ,rm #$e Unreal # #$e
    Real !rm Dar.ness # Lig$#
    !rm Dea#$ # Immr#ali#%6
    A# #$e sig$# , #$e =urls ,
    sm.e #2is#ing u( ,rm #$e (%re1
    #$ +as# assem/l% s#re#=$ing "2n
    #$e ,iel"s # #$e ri+er's e"ge
    $ea+e ,r2ar"6 Be$in" $er1
    Pamela Mun#/a##en sa2 "Qens
    , 2me 2ee(ing $%s#eri=all%1
    #ear #$eir $air an" #$eir saris1
    #$en #r% # #$ru #$eir 2a% (as#
    #$e +er2$elme" (li=e1 $(ing
    # a==m(lis$ #l an=ien# In"ian
    ri#e , Sa#i1 #$e #ra"i#inal
    sui=i"e , 2i"U #$r2ing
    #$emsel+es in# #$eir $us/an"'s
    ,uneral (%re6 Onl% / ,a#$er's
    ,resig$# in ,r=ing #$em all #
    si# n #$e mu""% grur sa+e" #$e
    "igni#aries ,rm /eing "ri+en /%
    #$e =r2"'s un=n#rlla/ surge
    in# #$e ,lames in a massi+e an"
    in+lun#ar% Sa#i6
    T$e ,lames1 ,in"ing #$e +la#ile
    ,uel , #$e g$ee1 su""enl%
    eC(l"e +er #$e ,uneral (%re6 A
    ,urius ge%ser , s(ar.s /ile"
    in# #$e si as #$e =ra=.ling
    2rea#$ , ,lame en+el(e" #$e
    (%rami" , san"a 2" lgs6
    T$e s#ill /r2n ,igure a# i#s $ear#
    "isa((eare" ,re+i /e$in" an
    range =ur#ain , ,ire6 T$e =l"
    2in#er 2in" s2ee(ir "2n #$e
    Jumna 2$i((e" #$e ,lames
    $ig$er1 (ulling #$e "ense1 i
    sm.e ,rm #$e (%re6 As #$a#
    /la=. (illar mun#e" a s.%
    in=arnT "ine" /% #$e ra%s , #$e
    se##ing sun1 a murn,ul =r% rising
    ,rm millin =$es#s s$. #$e
    (lains , #$e JumnaH 'Ma$a#ma
    )an"$i amar $ ga%el D
    Ma$a#ma )an"$i $as /e=me
    immr#al6'
    All nig$# 2$ile #$e ,uneral (%re
    =le"1 #$e murners ,ile"
    silen#l% (as# #$e sm.ing
    remains , 2$a# $a" n=e /een a
    grea# man6 Ls# amng #$em1
    unre=gniQe" an" unremar.e"1
    2as #$e man 2$ s$ul" $a+e li#
    #$se ,lames1 a "ereli=# ra+age"
    /% al=$l an" #u/er=ulsis1
    Ma$a#ma )an"$i's el"es# sn
    Harilal6
    An#$er man1 #1 $is ,a=e
    "is#r#e" /% grie,1 .e(# an allD
    nig$# +igil +er #$e gl2ing
    em/ers , #$e ,ire #$a# $a"
    =nsume" #$e man $e $a" s
    l+e" an" a"mire"6 A$ e(=$ in
    Ja2a$arlal Ne$ru's li,e $a"
    en"e" in #$e /laQe #$a# $a" ma"e
    $im an r($an6 A# ,irs# lig$# $e
    lai" a li##le /u'ue# , rses n
    #$e s#ill smul"ering as$es6
    'Ba(uBi D Li##le !a#$er D ' $e sai"1
    '$ere are ,l2ers6 T"a% a# leas# I
    =an ,,er #$em # %ur /nes an"
    as$es6 @$ere 2ill I ,,er #$em
    #mrr2 an" # 2$m ?'
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    > > >
    As Hin"u (ra=#i=e "i=#a#e"1 #$e
    as$es , Ma$a#ma )an"$i 2ere
    immerse" in a /"% , 2a#er
    ,l2ing # #$e sea n #$e #2el,#$
    "a% a,#er $is =rema#in6 T$e si#e
    =$sen # re=ei+e #$e remains
    2as ne , #$e ms# sa=re" in
    Hin"u"m1 #$e sangam a#
    Alla$a/a"1 #$e s(# 2$ere #$e
    mu""% 2a#ers , #$e E#ernal
    M#$er )anges Bin #$e =lear
    running Jumna an" #$e m%s#i=
    Sara+as6 T$ere1 a# #$e =n,luen=e
    , #$se grea# ri+ers 2$se
    names $a" =urse" "2n
    #$rug$ In"ia's $is#r%1 in #$e
    maBes#i= #i"es #$a# $a" =arrie"
    a2a% #$e as$es , s man% ,
    #$se ,a=eless millins 2$se
    B%s an" su,,erings $e $a" ma"e
    $is 2n1 )an"$i 2ul" /len"
    2i#$ #$e =lle=#i+e sul , $is
    (e(le as a "r( , 2a#er in an
    en"less sea6
    T$e =((er urn =n#aining $is
    as$es 2as /rne +er #$e ?7?
    mile Burne% ,rm Ne2 Del$i #
    Alla$a/a" in a #rain =m(se"
    slel% , #$ir"D=lass =ars1 (assing
    alng i#s ru#e #$rug$ a $uman
    =rri"r , millins , In"ians
    =me # ,,er a ,inal $mage #
    In"ia's )rea# Sul6 A# #$e
    Alla$a/a" s#a#in #$e urn 2as
    =arrie" # a 2ai#ing #ru=. 2$i=$
    "r+e i# #$rug$ #$e mamm#$
    =r2"s # #$e 2a#er's e"ge6
    T$ere1 a 2$i#e1 ,l2erD/an.e"
    In"ian Arm% am($i/ius
    +e$i=le1 a '"u=.'1 2ai#e" # /ear
    i# # mi"Ds#ream6
    Ne$ru1 Pa#el1 )an"$i's sns
    De+a"as an" Ram"as1 Manu1
    A/$a1 $is #$er =lse ass=ia#es1
    #. #$eir (la=es /esi"e #$e urn
    n #$e "u=.6 !rm #$e ri+er/an.1
    ? millin (e(le ,ll2e" i#s
    (rgress a=rss #$e 2a#ers6
    As #$e su/lime ins#an#
    a((ra=$e"1 a =$rus , -e"i=
    =$an#s an" #in.ling /ells mingle"
    2i#$ #$e "issnan# 2ail , #$e
    In"ian ,lu#e rse a/+e #$e
    =r2"6 Hun"re"s , #$usan"s
    , murne ,re$ea"s s#rea.e"
    2i#$ as$es an" san"al2"
    (as#e1 s#r"e ir #$e ri+er # Bin
    in a gigan#i= an" m%s#i=
    =mmunin6 T$e% #$ri ==nu#
    s$ells ,ille" 2i#$ ,l2ers1 ,rui#1
    s2ee#s1 mil.1 /i#s , $i n # #$e
    =urren#6 T$en1 #$rus#ing #$eir
    =u((e" (alms in# #$e 2a#e #$e%
    gul(e" #$ree mu#$,uls , #$e
    ri+er's sa=re" /r#$6
    @$en #$e "u=. rea=$e" #$e
    legen"ar% Bun=#in , #$e ri+e
    Ram"as )an"$i ,ille" #$e urn
    =n#aining $is ,a#$er's as$es 2i#$
    # mil. , a Sa=re" &26 He
    gen#l% s2irle" #$e urn's =n#en#s
    2$ #$e (assengers n #$e "u=.
    =$an#e" a las# $%mnH 'Hl% Sul1
    m sun1 air an" ,ire /e aus(i=ius
    un# #$eeT ma% #$e 2a#ers , all #
    ri+ers an" #$e =eans /e $el(,ul
    un# #$ee1 an" ser+e #$ee ,reU in
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    #$% g" "ee"s6'
    T$en1 as #$eir =$an# =n=lu"e"1
    $e leane" +er #$e "u=.'s gi
    2ales an" sl2l% le# #$e miC#ure
    in #$e urn ,l2 n # #$e 2a##
    /el26 &aug$# /% #$e ri+er's
    =urren#1 #$e mil.Dgre% sli=.
    s(e=.! 2i#$ "ar. ,le=.s , as$1
    sli" "2n #$e +essel's $ull6
    L+ingl%1 ea , i#s (assengers
    /en# +er an" s(rin.le" a ,is#,ul
    , rse (e#als #$e s#ain #$a# n=e
    $a" /een a man6
    Brne n /% #$e ri+er's
    remrseless =urren#s1 #$e gre%
    ,ilm 2 i#s =r2n , rse (e#als
    gli"e" ,rm sig$# "2n # a
    "is#an# $riQ= T$e as$es ,
    M$an"as )an"$i 2ere ,, n
    #$e las# (ilgrimage H "e+u#
    Hin"u1 #$eir lng +%age # #$e
    sea an" #$e m%s#i= ins#s 2$en
    #$e E#ernal M#$er1 #$e )anges1
    2ul" "e(si# #$em in # e#erni#%
    , #$e =eans an" )an"$i's sul1
    'u#saring #$e s$a" , #$e
    nig$#'1 2ul" /e=me ne 2i#$
    #$e Ma$a#1 #$e Su(reme1 # )"
    , $is =eles#ial )i#a6
    E(ilgue
    Ma$a#ma )an"$i a=$ie+e" in
    "ea#$ 2$a# $e $a" s#ri+en ,r in
    $is las# mn#$s , li,e6 His
    mur"er en"e" ,re+er #$e
    insensa#e =mmunal .illing ,
    neig$/ur /% neig$/ur in
    In"ia's +illages an" =i#ies6 T$e
    an#agnisms , #$e su/D=n#inen#
    2ul" remain1 /u# #$e% 2ul"
    $en=e,r#$ /e #rans,rme" # #$e
    =n+en#inal (lane , a =n,li=#
    /e#2een na#in s#a#es 2age"
    /e#2een regular armies n #$e
    /a##le,iel"6 T$e sa=ri,i=e in #$e
    gar"ens , Birla Huse 2ul"
    s#an" as #$e =limaC , #$e
    #rium($ an" #rage"% 2$i=$
    em/ra=e" #$e In"ian
    su/=n#inen# in 37A8D:6
    I#s au#$r1 Na#$uram )"se1 2as
    #a.en in# =us#"% 2i#$ $is (is#l
    in $is $an"6 He ma"e n e,,r# #
    resis# arres#6 T$e arres# , #$e
    remaining mem/ers , #$e
    =ns(ira=% ,ll2e" 'ui H.l%6
    Nara%an A(#e an" -is$nu
    *ar.are 2ere /e#ra%e" # #$e
    (li=e /% A(#e's amrus
    a((e#i#es6 On1 a((r(ria#el%
    enug$1 3A !e/ruar%1 S#
    -alen#ine's Da%1 A(#e ans2ere"
    a .n=. n #$e "r , #$e
    Bm/a% $#el in 2$i=$ $e'"
    /een $i"ing ,r A: $urs6 He
    eC(e=#e" # ,in" $is mis#ress n
    #$e "rs#e(6 He ,un" ins#ea"
    #$ree Bm/a% (li=emen6 T$e
    (li=e $a" "is=+ere" $is liaisn
    2i#$ #$e "aug$#er , #$eir =$ie,
    surgen an" $a" /een lis#ening
    # #$e #ele($ne =n+ersa#in in
    2$i=$ $e'" as.e" $er a ,e2
    minu#es earlier # =me # $is
    $#el rm6
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    Eig$# men1 A(#e1 Na#$uram an"
    )(al )"se1 Ma"anlal1
    *ar.are1 Sa+ar.ar1 Par=$ure an"
    Digam/er Ba"ge's ser+an# 2ere
    sen# # #rial n 58 Ma% 37A: ,r
    =ns(ira=% # mur"er Ma$a#ma
    )an"$i6 !rm #$e u#se#1
    Na#$uram )"se =laime" sle
    res(nsi/ili#% ,r #$e mur"er ,r
    (li#i=al (ur(ses1 an" "enie"
    #$e #$ers $a" (ar#i=i(a#e" 2i#$
    $im in a =ns(ira=%6
    Digam/er Ba"ge's as#nis$ing
    re=r" , ?8 arres#s an" nl% ne
    =n+i=#in 2as n# # /e
    #arnis$e" /% $is (ar#i=i(a#in in
    #$e mur"er6 T$e ,alse sa"$u
    #urne" s#a#e's 2i#ness an" ne+er
    $a" # s#an" #rial ,r #$e =rime6
    Largel% n $is #es#imn%1 se+en
    , #$e eig$# a==use" 2ere
    =n+i=#e"6 -eer Sa+ar.ar 2as
    a='ui##e" ,r la=. , e+i"en=e6
    Na#$uram )"se an" Nara%an
    A(#e 2ere =n"emne" # "ea#$
    ,r #$e =rime6 A(#e 2ul" (a% n
    #$e gail2s ,r #$e ren"eQ+us
    $e $a" misse" 2i#$ an Air In"ia
    s#e2ar"ess in Ne2 Del$i n #$e
    e+ening , 58 Januar% 37A:6 He
    2as sen#en=e" # "ie /e=ause $e
    $a" /een (resen# in )2alir a#
    #$e mmen# #$e mur"er 2ea(n
    2as (r=ure"6
    T$e Bu"ge sen#en=e" #$e ,i+e
    remaining men # li,e
    im(risnmi Par=$ure an"
    Ba"ge's ser+an#1 $2e+er1
    su==ee"e" in re+ersing #l
    =n+i=#ins in A((eal &ur#6
    T$eir 2n a((eals "enie"1 #$e
    "a#e , Na#$uram )"se's i
    Nara%an A(#e's eCe=u#in 2as
    se# ,r 30 N+em/er 37A76 T2
    )an"$i's sns1 $is =lse ,rien"s
    an" ass=ia#es Bine" in a (e#i#
    ,r =lemen=% # #$e man 2$
    $a" /een #$e ms# "e+#e" ,li'
    , #$e (r($e# , nnD+ilen=e1
    Ja2a$arlal Ne$ru6 T$e (e#i#in U
    "enie"6 A# "a2n1 30 N+em/er
    37A71 as (r+i"e" ,r /% #$e In"
    &"e , &riminal Pr=e"ures1
    Nara%an A(#e an" Na#$uram )
    2ere #a.en ,rm #$eir =ells # #$e
    =ur#%ar" , Am/ala (risn 2$
    #$e% 2ere '$ung /% #$e ne=. un#il
    "ea"'6
    A(#e $aa n# /elie+e" $e 2ul"
    "ie ,r #$e mur"er , Ma$al
    )an"$i un#il a $angman's
    assis#an# (ene" $is =ell "r
    #$a# m= ing6 He .ne2 #$a# a las#
    minu#e re(rie+e 2ul" =me
    /e=ause $e 3 rea" i# in #$e lines
    , $is $an"6 S#an"ing a# #$e ,#
    , #$e gali =n,rn#e" /% #$e
    #erri/le e+i"en=e , $2 ,alli/le
    a s=ien=e (almii 2as1 Nara%an
    A(#e =lla(se"6 He $a" # /e
    =arrie" # #$e 2ai# r(e6
    Na#$uram )"se "e=lare" in $is
    las# 2ill an" #es#amen# #$a# nl%
    (ssessin $e $a" # lea+e $is
    ,amil% 2as $is as$es6 He =$ #
    (s#(ne $is en#ran=e in#
    immr#ali#% un#il #$e "ream ,r
    2$ $e $a" =mmi##e" mur"er
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    $a" /een realiQe"6 De,%ing #$e
    =annH Hin"u =us#m1 $e as.e"
    #$a# #$se as$es s$ul" n# /e
    immer in a /"% , 2a#er
    ,l2ing # #$e sea /u# /e $an"e"
    "2n ins#e ,rm genera#in #
    genera#in1 un#il #$e% =ul" /e
    s(rin.le" in# In"us ri+er
    ,l2ing #$rug$ a su/D=n#inen#
    reuni#e" un"er Hii rule6
    Da##ara%a Par=$ure1 a,#er $is
    =n+i=#in 2as re+erse"1 re#ur #
    #$e ,,i=e 2$ere $e s#ill si#s
    un"er #$e il (ain#ing , $is g#
    (res=ri/ing $is =n==#ins ,
    =ar"amm see"s1 /am/ s(ri
    nins an" $ne% ,r #$e
    =nges#e" lungs , #$e =i#iQens
    , )2al
    Digam/er Ba"ge1 ,earing ,r $is
    li,e in Pna1 m+e" a,#er #rial
    # 'uar#ers (r+i"e" ,r $im /%6
    #$e (li=e in Bm/a%6 T$ $e reD
    es#a/lis$e" $imsel, in #$e
    (r,essin ,r 2$i=$ $e 2as
    es#een #$rug$u# Bm/a%
    Pr+in=eT .ni##ing u( $is =$ainD
    mail1 /ul (r, +es#s6 Ba"ge $as
    (rs(ere"6 His +es#s n2 sell ,r
    3L4O rur6 ;O00< an" $is r"er
    /. =n#ains a siC mn#$s'
    /a=.lg6 He s #$em #$rug$u#
    In"ia1 ms# ,re'uen#l% #
    (li#i=ians 2$ $ reasn # ,ear
    an a##em(# , #$eir li+es6


    *ar.are1 Ma"anlal an" )(al
    )"se1 $a+ing ser+e" #$eir
    sen#en=es un"er #$e (r+isins
    , In"ian la21 2ere release"
    ,rm Bail in #$e la#e 3794's6
    *ar.are re#urne" # A$me"nagar
    2$ere $e resume" "ire=#in ,
    #$e De==an )ues# Huse1
    ,,ering #ra+ellers #$e
    'ues#ina/le =m,r# , ne ,
    $is =$ar(is1 se# se+en # a rm1
    ,r 3D50 ru(ees ;8 (en=e< a
    nig$#6 He "ie" , a $ear#Da##a=.
    in A(ril 378A6 Ma"anlal Pa$2a
    se##le" in Bm/a%6 He
    manu,a=#ures #%s in a l,#
    /e$in" $is "2elling1 see.ing #
    =m(e#e in $is small 2a% 2i#$
    #$e Ja(anese in"us#rial /arns
    2$se (r"u=#s ,l" #$e
    mar.e#s , In"ia an" #$e !ar
    Eas#6 T$e (ru"es# =rea#in
    #"a% , #$e man 2$ #rie" #
    "es#r% )an"$i 2i#$ a /m/ a#
    Birla Huse is a r=.e# (2ere"
    /% =m(resse" air 2$i=$ s$#s
    344 %ar"s in# #$e s.%1 #$en
    re#urns # ear#$ 2i#$ i#s 2n
    (ara=$u#e6
    )(al )"se resi"es n #$e #$ir"
    ,lr , a m"es# "2elling in
    Pna6 On ne 2all , $is
    #erra=e u#line" in 2rug$#Dirn
    is an enrmus ma( , #$e en#ire
    In"ian su/D=n#inen#6 On=e a
    %ear1 n 30 N+em/er1 #$e
    anni+ersar% , $is /r#$er's
    eCe=u#in1 Na#$uram's as$es are
    se# /e,re #$a# ma( in a sil+er
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    urn6 T$e ma( is u#line" in
    gl2ing lig$# /ul/s6 Be,re i#1
    )(al )"se assem/les #$e ms#
    Qealus , #$e l" "is=i(les ,
    -eer Sa+ar.ar6
    N #2inge , remrse1 n $in# ,
    =n#ri#in1 anima#es #$eir
    ga#$ering6 T$e% are #$ere #
    =ele/ra#e #$e memr% , #$e
    'mar#%r' Na#$uram )"se an" #
    Bus#i,% $is =rime # (s#eri#%6
    Aligne" /e,re )(al's 2rug$#D
    irn ma(1 s#irre" /% #$e
    s#rumming , a si#ar1 #$se
    unre(en#an# Qeal#s #$rus# #$e
    (en (alms , #$eir rig$# $an"s
    in# #$e air an" s2ear /e,re #$e
    as$es , Na#$uram )"se #
    re=n'uer '#$e +i+ise=#e" (r#in
    , ur m#$erlan"1 all Pa.is#an1
    # reuni#e In"ia un"er Hin"u rule
    ,rm #$e /an.s , #$e In"us
    2$ere #$e sa=re" +erses , #$e
    -e"as 2ere =m(se"1 # #$e
    ,res#s /e%n" #$e Bra$ma(u#ra'6
    As $e $a" main#aine" $e 2ul"
    ,rm #$e mmen# $e a==e(#e"
    #$e a((in#men#1 Luis
    Mun#/a##en lai" "2n $is
    =$arge as in"e(en"en# In"ia's
    ,irs# )+ernrD)eneral in June
    37A:6 His ,inal 2ee.s in In"ia
    2ere a/sr/e" 2i#$ an
    unsu==ess,ul e,,r# # in"u=e #$e
    ne In"ian (rin=e 2$ s#ill sa#
    u(n $is #$rne1 #$e NiQam ,
    H%"era/a"1 # a/an"n
    (ea=e,ull% $is (re#ensins ,
    in"e(en"en=e an" a==e"e # #$e
    Dminin , In"ia6
    T$e las# ,,i=ial ges#ure , $is
    2i,e E"2ina 2as # +isi# #2 ,
    #$e grea# re,ugee =am(s #
    2$se inma#es s$e $a"
    =nse=ra#e" s mu=$ , $er #ime
    an" energ%6 B% #$e #$usan"s1
    #$e 2re#=$e" in$a/i#an#s , #$se
    =am(s rus$e" # /i" $er
    ,are2ell1 $nuring $er
    "e(ar#ure 2i#$ #$e nl% gi,# #$eir
    (r eCis#en=e (ermi##e"1 #$e
    #ears , genuine srr2 ,illing
    #$eir e%es6
    On #$e e+ening /e,re #$e% le,#1
    Ja2a$arlal Ne$ru $nure" #$e
    =u(le a# a ,are2ell /an'ue# in
    #$e ,rmal "ining $all , #$eir
    l" +i=eregal (ala=e6 Raising $is
    glass # #$e =u(le # 2$m $e
    2as lin.e" /% s man% /n"s ,
    ,rien"s$i( an" a,,e=#in1 ,rge"
    "urin, #$e ms# memra/le %ear
    , $is li,e1 $e =alle" ,r a #as# #
    #$en /#$6
    '@$ere+er %u $a+e gne1' $e
    #l" E"2ina Mun#/a##en1 '%i
    $a+e /rug$# sla=e1 %u $a+e
    /rug$# $(e an"
    en=uragemen# Is i# sur(rising
    #$ere,re #$a# #$e (e(le , In"ia
    s$ul" l+e %# an" l. u( #
    %u as ne , #$emsel+es6
    'Yu =ame $ere1 Sir1' $e sai" #
    $er $us/an"1 '2i#$ a $ig$ re(u#a
    #in1 /u# man% a re(u#a#in $as
    ,un"ere" in In"ia6 Yu $a+e
    li+ee #$rug$ a (eri" , grea#
    "i,,i=ul#% an" =risis1 an" %e# %ur
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    re(u#a#ii $as n# ,un"ere"6
    T$a# is a remar.a/le ,ea#6'
    His ri+al Pa#el a""e" $is 2r"s
    # Ne$ru's6 '@$a# %u $a+
    a=$ie+e" in #$e 2a% ,
    ,rien"s$i( an" g"2ill1' $e #l"
    #$e Mun# /a##ens1 'em($asiQes
    2$a# %ur (re"e=essrs misse"
    as a resul# = #$eir al,ness an"
    #$eir ,ailure # #a.e in# #$eir
    =n,i"en=e #/ lea"ers , (u/li=
    (inin6'
    T$e ,ll2ing mrning as #$e
    Mun#/a##ens r"e a2a% ,ri
    Lu#%ens' (ala=e in #$e same
    gil"e" =arriage as $a" "eli+ere"
    #$em # i#s =eremnial gran"
    s#air=ase ,i,#een mn#$s /e,re1
    ne , #$e siCD$rse #eam Bi//e"6
    A# #$e sig$# , #$a# /al.ing
    animal re,usir # a"+an=e1 a
    +i=e =alle" ,rm #$e =r2" #$e
    ,inal a==la"e , #$e $is#ri= an"
    #umul#uus mn#$s in Ne2
    Del$iH 'I# is a sign ,rm ) Yu
    mus# remain in In"ia6'
    T$e #erri/le "isease a Bm/a%
    "=#r $a" "is=+ere" n
    M$ammi Ali Jinna$'s lungs
    en"e" $is li,e in Se(#em/er
    37A:1 Bus# eig$# mn# a,#er #$e
    mur"er , $is l" (li#i=al ,e1
    /arel% #$ree mn#$s a,# #$e
    eC(ira#in , #$e "ea#$ sen#en=e
    $is ,rien" an" ($%si=ian $T
    (rnun=e" n $im6
    @i#$ #$e (ersnal =urage #$a#
    $a" =$ara=#eriQe" all $is a=#ii
    Jinna$ la/ure" # se=ure #$e
    ,u#ure , $is =$eris$e" Pa.is#an
    lng as $is resur=es all2e"
    $im # " s6 He "ie" in
    *ara=$i1 3 /ir#$(la=e1 #$e
    (r+isinal =a(i#al , #$e grea#
    Islami= na#in /e /e=ause , $is
    irn 2ill1 n 33 Se(#em/er 37A:6
    E+en in "ea#$1 Jinn remaine"
    ,ai#$,ul # $is un=m(rmising
    sel,6 A# #en minu#es # # #$a#
    e+ening1 $is "=#r /en# =lse #
    #$e "%ing Luai" an" 2$is(en
    'Sir1 I $a+e gi+en %u an
    inBe=#in6 )" 2illing %u are
    ging li+e6'
    Jinna$ ,iCe" $is un2a+ering
    glare n #$e las# sig$# $is e%es
    2ul" e+er see1 $is "=#r's ,a=e6
    'N1 I am n#1' $e ,irml% re(lie"6
    Hal, an $ur la#er $e 2as "ea"6
    His na#in sur+i+e" #$e "i,,i=ul#
    (eri" #$a# ,ll2e" i#s /ir#$1 /u#
    #$e "em=ra#i= ins#i#u#ins 2i#$
    2$i=$ i# $a" /een en"2e" "i"
    n#6 A mili#ar% =u( "'e#a# le" /%
    !iel"DMars$al A%u/ *$an in
    370: en"e" a series ,
    =rru(#inD(lague" =i+ilian
    regimes6 A,#er a "e=a"e ,
    au#$ri#arian /u# e,,e=#i+e rule1
    *$an's regime 2as +er#$r2n
    /% an#$er mili#ar% =u(6
    T$e #rauma#i= eC(erien=e , #$e
    3783 Bangla"es$ 2ar1 2$i=$
    realiQe" Luis Mun#/a##en's
    (r($e=% #$a# #$e unin /e#2een
    #$e #2 $al+es , Pa.is#an 2ul"
    n# las# a 'uar#er , a =en#ur%1
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    /rug$# =i+ilian rule /a=. #
    Pa.is#an un"er Rul,i.ar Ali
    B$u##6 Dissi"en# #ri/al ,a=#ins
    in Balu=$is#an an" alng #$e
    !rn#ier 2$i=$ #$e Bri#is$ $a"
    ,un" s "i,,i=ul# # =n#rl
    remain a =ns#an# =n=ern #
    Pa.is#an's lea"ers6 Nne#$eless1
    2i#$ #$e mre $mgeneus
    na#in #$a# emerge" ,rm #$e
    Bangla"es$ 2ar an" #$e
    (ssi/ili#% , e=nmi=
    assis#an=e ,rm #$eir ilDri=$
    Mslem neig$/urs1 Pa.is#anis
    =ul" =n#em(la#e #$eir na#in's
    ,u#ure in 3780 2i#$ grea#er
    sereni#% #$an a# an% #ime sin=e
    i#s =n=e(#in6
    On a *ara=$i $ill#( a su(er/l%
    (ru" mausleum s$el#ers #$e
    /urial si#e , Pa.is#an's ,un"er1
    a s#rangel% a((r(ria#e #ri/u#e
    ,rm $is (e(le # #$e las# ,
    #$eir Mg$uls6
    As Ma$a#ma )an"$i $a"
    (re"i=#e"1 #$e #erri/le lega=% ,
    (ar#i#in 2ul" #ru/le #$e su/D
    =n#inen# ,r %ears # =me6
    T2i=e1 in 3790 an" 37831 #$e
    #2 na#ins s(rung ,rm a
    =mmn 2m/ 2ul" ,a=e ea=$
    #$er n #$e /a##le,iel"6 T$eir
    =n#inuing =n,li=# im(se" a
    s#aggering /ur"en , eC(en"i#ure
    n #$em /#$1 "i+er#ing #$eir
    limi#e" resur=es ,rm #$e
    "e+el(men# , #$eir $ungr%
    (e(le # #$e s#erile ins#rumen#s
    , 2ar6
    B#$ na#ins a==m(lis$e" in
    /arel% a "e=a"e #$e (r"igius
    ,ea# , rese##ling an" in#egra#ing
    in# a ne2 eCis#en=e #$eir
    millins , re,ugees6 T$e ,er#ile
    ,iel"s , #$e PunBa/1 sa.e" 2i#$
    #$e /l" , s man% inn=en#
    +i=#ims in #$e au#umn , 37A81
    ,un" again #$e #in#s , $a((ier
    "a%s1 #$e gl" , 2$ea# an"
    mus#ar" ,iel"s1 #$e 2$i#e , #$i=.
    s#an"s , =##n1 #$e green ,
    sugar =ane (lan#a#ins6 In In"ia1
    #$e (r+in=e1 anima#e" largel%
    /% i#s Si.$ ((ula#in1 ma"e a
    maBr =n#ri/u#in # #$e )reen
    Re+lu#in 2$i=$1 /e,re #$e
    searing "rug$#s , #$e mi"D
    se+en#ies an" #$e 2rl"
    (e#rleum =risis1 $a" /rug$#
    In"ia # #$e #$res$l" , #$e
    "ream , genera#insH sel,D
    su,,i=ien=% in #$e (r"u=#in ,
    ," grains6
    A re#urn # (rs(eri#%1 $2e+er1
    "i" n# e,,a=e #$e /i##er
    memries le,# /% #$e nig$#mare
    , eC"us6 On /#$ si"es , #$e
    ,rn#ier =rea#e /% &%ril
    Ra"=li,,e's (en=il a lega=% ,
    $a#re"1 "ee( an" maligna!
    remaine"6 One un,r#una#e man1
    B#a Sing$1 #$e Si.$ ,armer 2l
    $a" (ur=$ase" a Mslem girl
    ,leeing $er a/"u=#r1 =ame #
    s%m/liT ,r millins , PunBa/is
    #$e #ragi= a,#erma#$ , #$eir
    =n,li=# as 2e as #$e $(e #$a#
    ul#ima#el% man's en"uring
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    a(#i#u"e ,r $a((inei mig$#
    +er=me #$e $a#re" se(ara#ing
    #$em6
    Ele+en mn#$s a,#er #$eir
    marriage a "aug$#er 2as /rn #
    Bl Sing$ an" Reni/1 #$e 2i,e
    $e'" (ur=$ase" ,r 3044 ru(ees6
    !ll2in Si.$ =us#m1 B#a
    Sing$ (ene" #$e Si.$ Hl%
    B.1 #$e )ran# Sa$i/1 a#
    ran"m an" ga+e $is "aug$#er a
    name /eginning 2i#$ #in ,irs#
    le##er , #$e 2r" $e ,un" a# #$e
    #( , #$e (age6 T$e le##e 2as a
    'T an" $e =$se Tan+eer D
    Mira=le , #$e S.%6
    Se+eral %ears la#er1 a (air ,
    B#a Sing$'s ne($e2s1 ,urius i
    lsing a =$an=e # in$eri# $is
    (r(er#%1 re(r#e" Reni/'s
    (resen= # #$e au#$ri#ies 2$
    2ere #r%ing # l=a#e 2men
    a/"u=#e" "urin #$e eC"us6
    Reni/ 2as 2ren=$e" ,rm B#a
    Sing$ an" (la=e" in =am( 2$ile
    e,,r#s 2ere ma"e # l=a#e $er
    ,amil% in Pa.is#an6
    Des(era#e1 B#a Sing$ rus$e"
    # Ne2 Del$i an" a==m(lis$e a#
    #$e )ran" Ms'ue #$e ms#
    "i,,i=ul# a=# a Si.$ =ul" (er,ra
    He =u# $is $air an" /e=ame a
    Mslem6 ReDname" Jamil
    A$me= B#a Sing$ (resen#e"
    $imsel, a# #$e ,,i=e , Pa.is#an's
    Hig &mmissiner an"
    "eman"e" #$e re#urn , $is 2i,e6
    I# 2as a useles ges#ure6 T$e #2
    na#ins $a" agree" #$a#
    im(la=a/le rules 2ul g+ern
    #$e eC=$ange , a/"u=#e"
    2menH marrie" r n#1 #$e%
    2ul /e re#urne" # #$e ,amilies
    ,rm 2$i=$ #$e% $a" /een
    ,r=i/lT se(ara#e"6
    !r siC mn#$s B#a Sing$
    +isi#e" $is 2i,e "ail% in #$e
    "e#en#ii =am(6 He 2ul" si#
    /esi"e $er in silen=e1 2ee(ing
    ,r #$eir ls "ream , $a((iness6
    !inall%1 $e learne" $er ,amil%
    $a" /een l=a#e" T$e =u(le
    em/ra=e" in a #ear,ul ,are2ell1
    Reni/ +2ing ne+er #= ,rge#
    $im an" # re#urn # $im an"
    #$eir "aug$#er as sn as siC
    =ul"6
    T$e "es(era#e B#a Sing$
    a((lie" ,r #$e rig$# as a Mslem
    #= immigra#e # Pa.is#an6 His
    a((li=a#in 2as re,use"6 He
    a((lie" ,i a +isa6 T$a# # 2as
    re,use"6 !inall%1 #a.ing 2i#$ $im
    $is "aug$#er1 rename" Sul#ana1
    $e =rsse" #$e ,rn#ier illegall%6
    Lea+ing #$e girl in La$re1 $e
    ma"e $is 2a% # #$e +illage
    2$ere Reni/'s ,amil% $a" se##le"6
    T$ere $e re=ei+e" a =ruel s$=.6
    His 2i,e $a" /een remarrie"
    2i#$ a =usin nl% $urs a,#er
    #$e #ru=. /ringing $er /a=. ,rm
    In"ia $a" "e(si#e" $er in #$e
    +illage6 T$e (r man1 2ee(ing
    'gi+e me /a=. m% 2i,e'1 2as
    /ru#all% /ea#en /% Reni/'s
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    /r#$ers an" =usins1 #$en
    $an"e" +er # #$e (li=e as an
    illegal immigran#6
    Brug$# # #rial1 B#a Sing$
    (lea"e" $e 2as a Mslem an"
    /egge" #$e Bu"ge # re#urn $is
    2i,e # $im6 I, nl%1 $e sai"1 $e
    =ul" /e gran#e" #$e rig$# # see
    $is 2i,e1 # as. $er i, s$e 2ul"
    re#urn # In"ia 2i#$ $im an"
    #$eir "aug$#er1 $e 2ul" /e
    sa#is,ie"6
    M+e" /% $is (lea1 #$e Bu"ge
    agree"6 T$e =n,rn#a#in #.
    (la=e a 2ee. la#er in a
    =ur#rm +er,l2ing 2i#$
    s(e=#a#rs aler#e" /% ne2s(a(er
    re(r#s , #$e =ase6 A #erri,ie"
    Reni/1 es=r#e" /% an angr% an"
    (ssessi+e $r"e , $er rela#i+es1
    2as /rug$# in# #$e =$am/er6
    T$e Bu"ge in"i=a#e" B#a
    Sing$6
    'D %u .n2 #$is man?' $e
    as.e"6
    'Yes1' re(lie" #$e #rem/ling girl1
    '$e's B#a Sing$1 m% ,irs#
    $us/an"6' T$en Reni/ i"en#i,ie"
    $er "aug$#er s#an"ing /% #$e
    el"erl% Si.$6
    'D %u 2is$ # re#urn 2i#$ #$em
    # In"ia?' #$e Bu"ge as.e"6 B#a
    Sing$ #urne" $is (lea"ing e%es
    n #$e %ung girl 2$ $a"
    /rug$# s mu=$ $a((iness #
    $is li,e6 Be$in" Reni/1 #$er
    e%es ,iCe" n $er 'ui+ering
    ,igure1 a /a##er% glaring a# $er
    ,rm #$e au"ien=e1 #$e male
    mem/ers , $er =lan 2arning $er
    agains# #r%ing # renun=e #$e
    =all , $er /l"6 An a#r=ius
    #ensin gri((e" #$e =ur#rm6
    His line" ,a=e ali+e 2i#$ a
    "es(era#e $(e1 B#a Sing$
    2a#=$e" Reni/'s $(s1 2ai#ing ,r
    #$e ,a+ura/le re(l% $e 2as sure
    2ul" =me6 !r an un/eara/l%
    lng mmen# #$e rm 2as
    silen#6
    Reni/ s$. $er $ea"6 'N1' s$e
    2$is(ere"6
    A gas( , anguis$ es=a(e" B#a
    Sing$6 He s#aggere" /a=.
    agains# #$e railing /e$in" $im6
    @$en $e'" regaine" $is (ise1 $e
    #. $is "aug$#er /% #$e $an"
    an" =rsse" #$e rm6
    'I =ann# "e(ri+e %u , %ur
    "aug$#er1 Reni/1' $e sai"6 'I lea+e
    $er # %u6' He #. a =lum( ,
    /ills ,rm $is (=.e# an" ,,ere"
    #$em # $is 2i,e1 alng 2i#$
    #$eir "aug$#er6 'M% li,e is
    ,inis$e" n21' $e sai" sim(l%6
    T$e Bu"ge as.e" Reni/ i, s$e
    2is$e" # a==e(# $is ,,er , #$e
    =us#"% , #$eir "aug$#er6 Again1
    an agniQing silen=e ,ille" #$e
    =ur#rm6 !rm #$eir sea#s
    Reni/'s male rela#i+es ,uriusl%
    s$. #$eir $ea"s6 T$e% 2an#e"
    n Si.$ /l" "e,iling #$eir li##le
    =mmuni#%6
    Reni/ l.e" a# $er "aug$#er
    2i#$ #$e e%es , "es(air6 T
    a==e(# $er 2ul" /e # =n"emn
    $er # a ,i,e , miser%6 An a2,ul
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    s/ s$. $er ,rame6 'N1' s$e
    gas(e"6
    B#a Sing$1 $is e%es
    +er,l2ing 2i#$ #ears1 s#" ,r
    a lng mmen# l.ing a# $is
    2ee(ing 2i,e1 #r%ing (er$a(s #
    ,iC ,re+er in $is min" #$e
    /lurre" image , $er ,a=e6 T$en
    $e #en"erl% (i=.e" u( $is
    "aug$#er an"1 2i#$u# #urning
    /a=.1 le,# #$e =ur#rm6
    T$e "es(airing man s(en# #$e
    nig$# 2ee(ing an" (ra%ing in #
    mausleum , #$e Mslem sain#
    Da#a )ang Ba.s$1 2$ile $is
    "aug$l sle(# agains# a near/%
    (illar6 @i#$ #$e "a2n1 $e #.
    #$e girl #= near/% /aQaar6 T$ere1
    using #$e ru(ees $e'" #en"ere" #
    $is 2i,e # a,#ernn /e,re1 $e
    /ug$# $er a ne2 r/e an" a (air
    , san" em/ri"ere" in gl"
    /r=a"e6 T$en1 $an" in $an"1 #$e
    l" Si an" $is "aug$#er 2al.e"
    # #$e near/% railra" s#a#in ,
    S$a$"a @ai#ing n #$e (la#,rm
    ,r #$e #rain # arri+e1 #$e
    2ee(ing BV Sing$ eC(laine" #
    $is "aug$#er #$a# s$e 2ul" n#
    see $er m#l again6
    In #$e "is#an=e a l=m#i+e's
    2$is#le s$rie.e"6 B#a Sin
    #en"erl% (i=.e" u( $is "aug$#er
    an" .isse" $er6 He 2al.e" # 3
    e"ge , #$e (la#,rm6 As #$e
    l=m#i+e /urs# in# #$e s#a#in
    3 li##le girl ,el# $er ,a#$er's arms
    #ig$#en arun" $er6 T$en su""ei
    s$e 2as (lunging ,r2ar"6 B#a
    Sing$ $a" lea(# in# #$e (a#$ #$e
    nrus$ing l=m#i+e6 T$e girl
    $ear" again #$e rar , #$e 2$is
    mingle" #$is #ime 2i#$ $er 2n
    s=reams6 T$en s$e 2as in #$e
    /lai ness /enea#$ #$e engine6
    B#a Sing$ 2as .ille" ins#an#l%1
    /u# /% a mira=le $is "aug$
    sur+i+e" uns=a#$e"6 On #$e l"
    Si.$'s mu#ila#e" =r(se1 #$e (l
    ,un" a /l"Dsa.e" ,are2ell
    n#e # #$e %ung 2i,e 2$ /
    reBe=#e" $im6
    'M% "ear Reni/1' i# sai"1 '%u
    lis#ene" # #$e +i=e , #$e
    mul#i#u /u# #$a# +i=e is ne+er
    sin=ere6 S#ill m% las# 2is$ is #
    /e 2i#$ %i Please /ur% me in
    %ur +illage an" =me ,rm #ime
    # #ime # _ a ,l2er n m%
    gra+e6'
    B#a Sing$'s sui=i"e s#irre" a
    2a+e , em#in in Pa.is#an a
    $is ,uneral /e=ame an e+en# ,
    na#inal im(r#an=e6 E+en in "ea
    $2e+er1 #$e el"erl% Si.$
    remaine" a s%m/l , #$se
    #erri/le " 2$en #$e PunBa/ 2as
    in ,lames6 Reni/'s ,amil% an" #$e
    in$a/i#a , #$eir +illage re,use"
    # (ermi# B#a Sing$'s /urial in
    #$e +illi =eme#er%6 T$e +illage
    males1 le" /% Reni/'s se=n"
    $us/an"1 /ar en#ran=e # $is
    =,,in n 55 !e/ruar% 37086
    Ra#$er #$an (r+.e a ri#1 #$e
    au#$ri#ies r"ere" #$e = an"
    #$e #$usan"s , Pa.is#anis
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #u=$e" /% B#a Sing$'s "ra
    2$'" ,ll2e" i# # re#urn #
    La$re6 T$ere1 un"er a mun#ain
    ,l2ers1 B#a Sing$'s remains
    2ere in#erre"6
    Reni/'s ,amil%1 $2e+er1 enrage"
    /% #$e $nur eC#en"e" B#a
    Sing$1 sen# a =mman" #
    La$re # u(r# an" (r, $is
    #m/6 T$eir sa+age a=#in
    (r+.e" a remar.a/le u#/urs#
    ,# #$e =i#%'s ((ula#in6 B#a
    Sing$ 2as reDin#erre" un"er an#
    mun#ain , ,l2ers6 T$is #ime
    $un"re"s , Mslems +lun#ee
    # guar" #$e gra+e , #$e Si.$
    =n+er#1 illus#ra#ing /% #$eir
    gener ges#ure #$e $(e #$a# #ime
    mig$# e+en#uall% e,,a=e in #$e
    PunBa/ #$e /i##er $eri#age ,
    37A86>
    In"ia's memrial # $er ls#
    Ma$a#ma 2as a sim(le /la=.
    s#ne (la#,rm se# u(n #$e si#e
    a# 2$i=$ $is ,uneral (%re res#e"
    a# #$e RaB )$a# n ?3 Januar%
    37A:6 A ,e2 2r"s in Hin"i an"
    in Englis$ n a (la'ue /esi"e i#
    /ear M$an"as )an"$i's
    (res=ri(#in ,r a ,ree In"ia6
    'I 2ul" li.e # see In"ia ,ree
    an" s#rng s #$a# s$e ma% ,,er
    $ersel, as a 2illing an" (ure
    sa=ri,i=e ,r #$e /e##ermen# ,
    #$e 2rl"6 T$e in"i+i"ual1 /eing
    (ure1 sa=ri,i=es $imsel, ,r #$e
    ,amil%1 #$e la##er ,r #$e +illage1
    #$e +illage ,r #$e "is#ri=#1 #$e
    "is#ri=# ,r #$e (r+in=e1 #$e
    (r+in=e ,r #$e na#in1 #$e
    na#in ,r all6 I 2an# *$u"ai RaB1
    #$e .ing"m , )" n ear#$6'
    )an"$i's +isin1 $2e+er1 2as #
    remain #$e im(ssi/le "ream6
    His =un#r%men (r+e" n less
    sus=e(#i/le # #$e lures ,
    #e=$nlg% an" in"us#rial
    (rgress #$an an% #$er (e(le6
    As $e $a" ,eare" #$e% 2ul" in
    #$e las# %ear , $is li,e1 $is $eirs
    #urne" #$eir /a=.s n $is
    message6 In"ia =$se # (ursue
    #$e #2en#ie#$ =en#ur%'s =ri#eria ,
    (2er an" su==ess1 #$e
    "e+el(men# , a s#rng
    in"us#rial s=ie#%1 ins#ea" ,
    ,ll2ing #$e =urse )an"$i $a"
    #rie" # in"i=a#e 2i#$ $is
    s(inningD2$eel6 &en#ral
    (lanning1 gr2#$ ra#e1 /asi=
    in"us#r%1 in,ras#ru=#ure1 #$e #a.eD
    ,, (in#1 #$e re+lu#in , rising
    eC(e=#a#ins1 #$e =mmn
    language , a 2rl" %earning ,r
    ma#erial (rgress1 /e=ame #$e
    +=a/ular% , an in"e(en"en#
    In"ia's ,irs# genera#in ,
    lea"ers6 T$e in#eres#s , $er $al,D
    millin +illages in 2$i=$ )an"$i
    (r=laime" $er sal+a#in la%
    2ere su/r"ina#e" # #$se ,
    $er #2ns an" =i#ies1 sl2l%
    ,illing 2i#$ #$e grea# in"us#rial
    =m(leCes ,r 2$i=$ )an"$i's
    su==essrs %earne"6 T$e
    &ngress Par#% )an"$i $a"
    $(e" 2ul" /e=me a Pe(le's
    Ser+i=e League =n#inue" in i#s
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    mre =n+en#inal an"
    =m,r#a/le rle1 remaining
    In"ia's "minan# (li#i=al ,r=e1
    in=reasingl% (re% # #$e mala"%
    i# $a" "emns#ra#e" in #$e ,irs#
    mn#$s , in"e(en"en=e D
    =rru(#in6
    T$e ms# (ara"Ci=al ges#ure ,
    all ==urre" in #$e s(ring ,
    378A in #$e RaBas#$an Deser#6
    T$e g+ernmen# , #$e lan"
    2$se ms# ,amus =i#iQen $a"
    urge" Ameri=a # a/an"n #$e
    a#mi= /m/ #$e "a% /e,re $e
    "ie"1 em(l%ing #$e resur=es ,
    a =un#r% /arel% a/le # ,ee" i#s
    ((ula#in1 eC(l"e" a nu=lear
    "e+i=e6 T$a# e+en#1 in #$e ms#
    "rama#i= , ,as$ins1 mar.e" #$e
    ,inal reBe=#in /% In"ia , #$e
    "=#rine , a$imsa1 #$e a==essin
    , #$e lan" , #$e (r($e#
    > B#a Sing$'s "aug$#er1
    Sul#ana1 2as a"(#e" an" raise"
    /% ,s#er (aren#s in La$re6
    T"a%1 #$e m#$er , #$ree
    =$il"ren1 s$e li+es in Li/%a 2i#$
    $er engineer $us/an"6
    , nnD+ilen=e # #$e sele=#
    =ir=le , na#ins (ssessing #$e
    ma#e 2ea(n in #$e arsenal ,
    +ilen=e1 #$e a#mi= /m/6
    An" %e#1 #$ug$ In"ia $a" n#
    =$sen # ,ll2 in #$e (a#l
    M$an"as )an"$i's im(ssi/le
    "ream1 s$e $a" n# ,rsa.en all
    i"eals ei#$er6 T$e sim(le =##n
    .$a"i $e urge" u(n $is =un#r%_
    is s#ill #$e uni,rm , man% an
    In"ian mim's#er an" /ureau=
    e+i"en=e #$a# #$e man un"er i#
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    es(use" i#6 T$a# ms# elegan# ,
    n Ja2a$arlal Ne$ru1 =n#inue"
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    "resse" $im6 Sensi#i+e # )an"
    a"mnis$men# # g+ernmen#
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    an" res#rain# in eCam(le1 $e
    =rsse" #$e =a(i#al , $is
    =un#r%1 in a RllsDR%=e1 a
    Mer=e"es BenQ r a &a"illa=1
    /u# in a sr In"ian =ar 2i#$1 as $is
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    2$eel6
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    , i#s mul#i(li=i#% , langua
    =ul#ures an" (e(le1 "es(i#e #$e
    =%ni=al sugges#in , man%
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    2ul" s$a##er i#s uni#% n=e #$e
    / , Bri#is$ rule 2ere rem+e"1
    )an"$i's In"ia $as remaine"
    2$O /e=ame n 30 Augus# 37A81
    a s#rng1 uni#e" na#in6 T$e
    enrm areas an" "is(ara#e
    (e(les , $er l" (rin=el% s#a#es
    2ere in#egra in# In"ia's
    a"minis#ra#i+e s#ru=#ure in
    rela#i+el% (ainless ,as$i
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    2$i=$ n=e a((eare" an l" mi
    'uir.s $a+e /e=me1 alms#
    #$ree "e=a"es a,#er $is "ea#$1
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    "2in"ling resur=es an"
    eC(an"ing ((i #ins6 &u##ing u(
    l" en+el(es # ma.e n#e(a"s
    ra#$er #$an 2asl (a(er1
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    ne=essar% # nuris$ ne's ,ra
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    (r"u=#in , unnee"e" g"s1
    /egan a((ear /% #$e se+en#ies
    n# s mu=$ a se# , =$arming
    e==en =i#ies as a (res=ri(#in ,r
    man's un=er#ain ,u#ure n $is
    eC$aus (lane#6
    In ne "main1 a/+e all1
    $2e+er1 In"ia 2ul" .ee( ,ai#$
    + #$e memr% , #$e lean /r2n
    ,igure 2i#$ #$e /am/ s#a+e 2$
    le" $er ,amis$e" millins #
    li/er#%6 In"ia 2as /rn a ,ree na#i
    s$e 2ul" remain a ,ree na#in6
    A,#er all $er %ears , #ra+ail T
    s#ruggle1 "es(i#e #$e (ressures
    in"u=e" /% #$e relen#less gr2#$
    $er ((ula#in1 In"ia remains
    2$a# s$e /e=ame n #$a# mi
    s#r.e , mi"nig$#1 3A Augus#
    37A81 #$e 2rl"'s ms# ((ul
    "em=ra=%6 S$e1 alms# alne ,
    #$e s=res , na#ins 2$ in #l
    #urn /r.e #$e =$ains /in"ing
    #$em # #$eir l" =lnial rulers1
    ,ree s=ie#%1 res(e=#,ul , #$e
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    sel+es ,reel% an" (enl% in a ,ree
    (ress1 # sele=# #$eir g+ernmen
    ,ree1 se=re#1 $nes# ele=#ins6 S$e
    $as resis#e" all #em(#a#ins


    ,ll2 #$e eCam(le , $er
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    (rgress /% re"u=ing i#s millins
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    =$ea(Ba=. mili#ar% "i=#a#rs$i(s
    2i#$ #$eir =are,ull% =a=$e"
    =r2"s , =$eering =i#iQens an"
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    #r#ure =$am/ers6
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    A,ri=a #$rug$ #$a# same
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    #$e Smerse# Lig$# In,an#r%1
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    "2n # i#s =n=re#e lan"ing6
    As #$eir ,igures "isa((eare"
    #$rug$ #$a# #rium($an#
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    ar=$2a%1 an in=ngruus sun"
    rse a/+e #$e =r2" , In"ians
    alng #$e Bm/a% 2a#er,rn#
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    , 'Aul" Lang S%ne'6 &ngress
    +e#erans1 sme , 2$se s.ulls
    s#ill /re #$e s=ars , Bri#is$
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    #eenage s#u"en#s1 ##$less l"
    /eggars1 e+en #$e men , #$e
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    , #$a# s(n#aneus sng rang
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    se##ing u# # sea6
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    2al.e" u( #$a# =n=re#e ram( n
    a 2in#er mrning s lng ag6
    !r1 i, an era 2as en"ing #$ere a#
    #$e )a#e2a% , In"ia1 an#$er
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    #$e in$a/i#an#s , #$e ear#$1 #$e
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    n# a##em(# # e+alua#e #$e
    e+en#s , #$a# mn#$ r #
    measure #$eir (ssi/le im(a=# n
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    2i#ness in #$e %ears # =n
    =eremn% similar # #$e ne #$a#
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    #$a# mrning in #$e s$a"2s ,
    #$a# n=eI #num($ ar=$ ,
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    #$e In"ians an" Englis$men 2$
    $a" $a" 2is"m # seiQe #$e
    ineCra/le lgi= , $is message6

    @HAT THEY BE&AME

    @$a# T$e% Be=ame
    -ALLABHBHAIPATEL
    Pa#el su,,ere" #erri/l% in #$e
    2ee.s ,ll2ing )an"$i's
    assassina#in ,rm a 2$is(ering
    =am(aign 2$i=$ insinua#e" #$a#1
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    as Hme Minis#er1 $e s$are" in
    #$e res(nsi/ili#% ,r #$e (li=e's
    ,ailure # a((re$en" #$e
    Ma$a#ma's .illers /e#2een 54
    Januar% an" $is mur"er6 Sme ,
    $is (li#i=al ,es e+en =ir=ula#e"
    #$e 2$ll% un,un"e" a==usa#in
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    "i,,eren=es 2i#$ $im6 T$e s#rain
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    =ming n #( , #$e genuine
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    an" resume" $is (s#s as De(u#%
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    Minis#er6 A,#er Lr"
    Mun#/a##en's "e(ar#ure1 $e
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    '(li=e a=#in' agains# H%"era/a"
    2$i=$ ,r=i/l% in#egra#e" #$e las#
    , In"ia's l" (rin=el% s#a#es6 His
    =n,li=# 2i#$ $is l" ri+al1
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    #$e mn#$s ,ll2ing )an"$i's
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    #$e /eginning , 37046 Pa#el's
    "ea#$ , a $ear#Da##a=. n 30
    De=em/er 37041 $2e+er1
    (re+en#e" i# ,rm lea"ing # a
    (u/li= (ar#ing , #$e 2a%s
    /e#2een #$e #2 men6
    JA@AHARLAL NEHRU
    Un#il $is "ea#$ in Ne2 Del$i n
    58 Ma% 379A1 Ne$ru ==u(ie"
    #$e ,,i=e $e'" assume" n 30
    Augus# 37A86 He emerge" as an
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    (rin=i(al ar=$i#e=# , #$e (li=%
    , nnDalignmen# 2$i=$ engage"
    #$e su((r# , ms# , #$e A,rD
    Asian na#ins #$a# emerge" ,rm
    =lnial #u#elage in #$e ,i,#ies
    an" siC#ies6 He #ra+elle"
    eC#ensi+el% #$rug$u# #$e
    2rl"1 +isi#ing ms# , Eur(e's
    =a(i#als1 #$e USA1 #$e USSR an"
    &$ina6 Dmes#i=all%1 $e (resi"e"
    +er #$ree In"ian !i+eDYear
    Plans "esigne" # (r+i"e ,r $is
    na#in's in"us#rial an" s=ial
    "e+el(men#T #$e =nsli"a#in
    , In"ia's "em=ra#i=
    ins#i#u#insT an" #$e ,r=i/le
    in#egra#in , #$e Pr#uguese
    en=la+e , )a in# #$e In"ian
    Re(u/li=6
    His ms# /i##er "isillusinmen#
    =ame in O=#/er 3795 2i#$ #$e
    massi+e &$inese in+asin , $is
    =un#r%'s ,rn#ier in La"a.$
    a/+e *as$mir an" in #$e Nr#$
    Eas# !rn#ier Agen=% /e#2een
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    ,ull% re=+ere" ,rm $is s$=. a#
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    #$e =rners#ne , $is ,reign
    (li=% ,r ,i,#een %ears6 !rm
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    ,ell seriusl% ill in Januar% 379A1
    re=+ere"1 /u# i ,ur mn#$s
    la#er6 Amng #$se 2$ rus$e"
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    # Ne2 Del$i # a#i $is
    =rema#in 2as Luis
    Mun#/a##en6 A((r(ria#el% #$e
    (ai gi,# # $is =un#r%men , #$a#
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    #$e 2r"s , $is las# 2ill an"
    #es#amen# n2 ins=ri/e" u#si"e
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    grun"s , #$e ,rmer resi"enV
    #$e &mman"erDinD&$ie, , #$e
    In"ian Arm% in Ne2 Del$i #$em1
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    In"ia #il s #$a# #$e% mi($# m
    2i#$ #$e "us# , #$e sil , In"ia
    an" /e=me an in"is#inguisl (ar#
    , $er 66 6'
    THE MOUNTBATTENS
    In O=#/er 37A:1 RearDA"miral
    Luis Mun#/a##en re#urns
    a=#i+e na+al ser+i=e1 #a.ing u( in
    Mal#a #$e =mman" , #$e
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    Mal#a's s=ial r"er ,
    (re=e"en=e6
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    , #$e na+% 2as ra(i" an 3:
    A(ril 37001 $e realiQe" $is
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    rganiQa#ins1 #$eir na#ure as
    "i+erse as #$e In , Na+al
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    )enealgis#s1 a Mal#ese s.aD
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    Ya=$# &lu/6
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    are =n=erne" 2i#$ #$e Ni
    Ele=#rni=s &un=il1 , 2$i=$ $e
    is #$e &$airman1 an" #$e 3


    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    A99

    @HAT THEY BE&AME

    @HAT THEY BE&AME

    A

    @rl" &llege1 2$i=$ main#ains
    +er 3044 s#u"en#s n =am(uses
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    Singa(re6
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    n 53 !e/ruar% 37946 @$en #$e
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    annun=e" n #$e ,lr , #$e
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    , silen=e6
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    (ar#ing ges#ure ,rm #$e na#in
    s$e $a" l+e" # #$e las# , #$e
    memsa$i/s6
    THE POLI&EMEN
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    T2 , #$e (rin=i(al ,igures in
    #$e in+es#iga#in in# )an"$i's
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    in Bm/a%6 B#$ are re#ire"6
    Me$ra is an eCe=u#i+e 2i#$ a
    /re2er% u#si"e Del$i6
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    =mmer=e =urius ,r a man
    2$ "e+#e" ms# , $is li,e #
    (ursuing ,ugi#i+es6 He runs a
    #ra+el agen=%6
    THE MAHARAJAS
    T$e (rin=es 2$ n=e rule" a
    #$ir" , In"ia's (e(le $a+e
    ,a"e" ##all% ,rm #$e s=ene #$a#
    #$eir "a%s , glr% n2 seem as
    "is## as #$se , #$e Mg$uls6
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    museui s=$ls1 $#els1 r
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    li.e #$e RaB Ma#as )2alir an"
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    =ns#i#u#inal amen"men#
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    &al=u##a # 'uie# +illages in
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    'uin#e# , grea# men largel%
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    =n#inen#'s "es#iC in 37A81
    A"miral , #$e !lee# #$e Earl
    Mun#/a##en , Burma6 O+er
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    in#er+ie2s in 3785D?1 #$e las#
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    # /e su/Be=#e" # #$e ms#
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    , $is In"ian eC(erien=es #
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    T$e resul# , #$se in#er+ie2s
    alne =+ere" alms# #$ir#% $e ,
    #a(e an" 944 #%(e2ri##en (agesT
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #$e% #$ere,re =ns#i#u#e in
    #$emse! a uni'ue re=r" , #$e
    Mun#/a##en +i=er%al#%6
    T$e las# -i=er% re#ains in $is
    (ssessin 2$a# is (r/a/l% #$e
    n eC#ensi+e =lle=#in ,
    "=umen#s an" (a(ers in #$e
    2rl" rela#ing $is +i=er%al#%
    an" #$e (eri" ,ll2ing In"ia's
    in"e(en"en=e6 B% nai a +er%
    me#i=ulus man1 Lr"
    Mun#/a##en $as re#aine" in
    #$se ar=$ e+er% (a(er rele+an#
    i #$e (eri"1 in=lu"ing ma#erials
    as "i+erse as $an"D2ri##en n#e
    sen# # $im /% $is =usin #$e
    *ing n $is "e(ar#ure In"ia an"
    #$e menus an" sea#ing
    arrangemen#s ,r $is s#a#e
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    , ,i+e se#s , "=umen#s 2$i=$
    are #$e in"is(ensi $is#ri=al
    re=r" , #$e (eri"6 T$e% areH
    ;3< T$e re=r" , Lr"
    Mun#/a##en's =n+ersa#ins
    2i#$ e+er%ne V en#ere" $is
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    .e% In"ian lea"ersH )an Ne$ru1
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    n (age :?1 Lr" Mun#/a me#
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    a# #$e mmen# #$e% 2ere "i=#a#e"
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    $a/i# , un/ur"ening $imsel,
    2i#$ grea# ,ran.r
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    &mmi##ee , In"ian &a/ine#
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    )+er )eneral6

    A84

    A&*NO@LED)EMENTS

    A&*NO@LED)EMENTS

    Lr" Mun#/a##en 2as a/le #
    re,er =ns#an#l% # #$a# ma#erial
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    gra#i#u"e # #2 mem/ers , $is
    (ersnal s#a,,T J$n Barra##1 $is
    Pri+a#e Se=re#ar%1 an" Mrs
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    Mllie Tra+is1 #$e Ar=$i+is# ,
    #$e Bra"lan"s Ar=$i+es1 /#$ ,
    2$m 2ere (ar#i=ularl%
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    Mun#D/a##en's #2 "aug$#ers1
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    Pamela Hi=.s1 2ere /#$ .in"
    enug$ # reminis=e 2i#$ us
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    , a ,rmer )+ernr ,
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    #$se areas 2$i=$ =n=erne" us6
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    ms# generus 2i#$ #$eir #ime1
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    # ur lng an" eC$aus#i+e
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    "i" #$e% (a#ien#l% =m/ #$rug$
    #$eir memries , #$e #ime1 /u#
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    2i+es an" (aren#s re=un#ing
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    2ere immensel% +alua/le # us
    in re=ns#i#u#ing #$e a#ms($ere
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    A"miral Pe#er H2es1 Lr"
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    !re"eri=. Burna/%DA#.ins1 !l#D
    L# #$e Hn6 @6 H6 &6 @en#2r#$
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    in# #$e 2r.ings , -i=er%'s
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    @e 2e a +er% (ar#i=ular "e/# #
    #$a# remar.a/le an"
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    #$e .e% legal s#u"ies , $is #ime1
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    @i#$in #$e limi#a#ins $e $as
    al2a%s im(se" in #al.ing , $is
    a2ar" D "e=lining # "is=uss #$e
    reasning #$a# le" $im # an%
    (ar#i=ular "e=isin D $e 2as
    n#a/l% ,ran. an" $el(,ul "uring
    #$e =urse , #2 lng
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    /rug$# us in# =n#a=# 2i#$
    numerus +e#erans , #$a#
    remar.a/le rganiQa#inH
    )eneral R/er# L=.$ar#T
    )eneral Sir R% Bu=$erT #$e la#e
    )eneral Sir !ran. Messer+%1
    ,irs#
    &mman"erDinD&$ie, , #$e
    Pa.is#an Arm%T L#D&l J$n R6
    Pia##1' =mman"e" #$e Smerse#
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    #$e las# un #$e Bri#is$ Arm% #
    lea+e #$e sil , an in"e(en"en#
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    #$e las# mn#$s in #$e lil
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    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
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    us 2i#$ #$eir $el( an" ,rien"s$i(6
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    HIS SHATTERED
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    ali1 &$au"$ri Mu$amma"1 T$e
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    Bal2an# Sing$1 &ruel In#erlu"e6
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    Yr.H @6 @6 Nr#n G &6 In=61
    37976 mr$use1 )e,,re%1
    &al=u##a6 Ln"nH @ei"en,el"
    an" Ni=lsn1 37836 mrris1
    James1 PaC Bri#anni=a6 Ln"nH
    !a/er G !a/er1 379:6 msl/%1
    Lenar"1 T$e )lrius !aul#6
    Ne2 Yr.T Har=ur#1 Bra=e an"
    &m(an%1 37946
    T$e Las# Da%s , #$e Bri#is$ RaB6
    Ln"nH @ei"en,el" G
    Ni=lsn1 37936
    nair6 *usum1 Blssms in #$e
    Dus# D T$e Human Elemen# in
    In"ian De+el(men#6 In"iaH
    Allie" Pu/lis$ers Pri+a#e L#"1
    37936
    nan"a1 B6 R61 Ma$a#ma )an"$i D
    A Bigra($%6 Ln"nH )erge
    Allen G Un2in L#"1 37906
    na%ar1 *ul"i(1 Dis#an#
    Neig$/ursDA Tale , #$e
    Su/=n#inen#6 Del$iH -i.as
    Pu/lis$ing Huse1 37856
    In"ia D T$e &ri#i=al Years6 Del$iH
    -i.as Pu/li=a#ins D ;=<
    @ei"en,el" G Ni=lsn1 37836
    ne$ru1 Ja2a$arlal1 An
    Au#/igra($%6 In"iaH Allie"
    Pu/lis$ers Pri+a#e L#"1 37956
    T$e Dis=+er% , In"ia6 Ne2
    Yr.H T$e J$n Da% &m(an%1
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    37A96 In"ia's !ree"m6 Ln"nH
    Un2in B.s1 37906 Ma -ie e#
    mes Prisns1 ParisH Denel1
    37056
    T2ar" !ree"m D T$e
    Au#/igra($% , J6 Ne$ru6 Ne2
    Yr.H T$e J$n Da% &m(an%1
    37A36
    Ni=$ls1 Be+erle%1 L'In"e
    Se=ri#e6 ParisH Jules Tallan"ier1
    37A96
    nn1 !erQ *$an1 !rm
    Memr%6 La$reH E"i#ins !erQ
    Sns L#"1 37976
    li+ierDla=am(1 MaC1 Im(asse
    In"ienne6 ParisH !lammarin1
    379?6
    Les DeuC Asies6 ParisH )rasse#1
    37996 (a%mas#er1 Rus#m
    BurBrBi1 Earl% His#r% , #$e
    Parsees in In"ia6 Bm/a%<
    Rar#s$#i D$aram Sam/an"$i1
    370A6 (ri+a#1 E"mn"1 AuCln"es
    a+e= )an"$i6 ParisH DenSl1
    37946
    -ie "e )an"$i6 )ene+eH La/r e#
    !i"es1 37A76 (% arelal1 Ma$a#ma
    )an"$i D T$e Earl% P$ase6
    A$me"a/a"H Na+aBi+an Huse1
    37906
    Ma$a#ma )an"$i D T$e Las#
    P$ase6 A$me"a/a"H Na+aBi+an
    Huse1 37906 ;5 +ls6<
    r a i1 Sa#%a M61 Par#i#in , #$e
    PunBa/ D A S#u"% , I#s E,,e=#s
    On #$e Pli#i= A"minis#ra#in ,
    #$e PunBa/6 37A8D37096 Ne2
    Del$iH In"ian S=$l , I
    na#inal S#u"ies1 37906
    ra1 S$i+a B61 In"ia's !ree"m
    M+emen#6 Del$iH Orien#
    Lngman's1 37856
    r/insn1 Dnal" H61 88.? RaB6
    )reen2i=$ ;&nn6<H !a2=e##
    Pu/li=a#ins1 37836
    rllan"1 Rmain1 )an"$i e#
    Rmain Rllan"
    ;&rres(n"en=e1 EC#rai
    Jurnal e# TeC#es Di+ers<6 ParisH
    Al/in Mi=$e<1 37946 sa$ni1 J6 N61
    88.T Li" O,,6 Ne2 Del$iH Allie"
    Pu/lis$ers1 37836 ' +#(rem1 Par le
    &r(s "e la Terre u le
    Sann%asin6 ParisH R/er#
    La,,n#1 samr.ar1 -6 D61
    Hin"u#+a D @$ Is a Hin"u?
    Bm/a%H -eer Sa+T
    Pra.as$an1 37976
    sa%ee"1 *$ali" Bh Pa.is#an D
    T$e !rma#i+e Pliase 3:08D
    37A:6 Ln"nH O
    Uni+ersi#% Press1 379:6 s=$mi"1
    Pe#er1 In"ia D Mirage an"
    Reali#%6 Ln"nH )erge )6
    Harra(1 sen1 L6 P61 Slen"er @as
    #$e T$rea"6 Bm/a%H Orien#
    Lngmans1 37976 s$eean1
    -in=en#1 Lea"1 *in"l% Lig$#6
    Ln"nH &assell G &61 37046
    Ma$a#ma )an"$i D A )rea# Li,e
    in Brie,6 Ne2 Yr.H Al,re"
    *n(,1 IS s$uBau""in1
    Mu$amma"1 T$e Li,e an" Times
    , Nr Ja$an6 La$re
    &ara+an B. Huse1 37986
    sing$1 Jgin"er1 Si.$
    &eremnies6 &$au"igar$H Si.$
    Religius B. S=
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    379:6
    sing$1 *aran1 &n#em(rar%
    Essa%s6 Bm/a%H B$ara#i%a
    -i"%a B$a+an1 Pr($e# , In"ian
    Na#inalism6 Bm/a%H B$ara#i%a
    -i"%a B$a+an1 37' sing$1
    *us$2an#1 In"ia D A Mirrr !r
    I#s Mns#ers an" Mns#rsi#ies6
    Bi IBH Pu/lis$ing &m(an%1
    37976 T$e Si.$s T"a%6
    Bm/a%H Orien# Lngmans1
    37986 Las# Train # Pa.is#an6
    Ln"nH &$a## G @in"us L#"1
    37096 'sing$1 Par.as$1 )uru
    Nana. an" His Ja(Bi6 Jullun"un
    S2an Prin#ing 37976
    sin$a1 Durganau"1 In"ian
    -illages in Transi#in D A
    M#i+a#inal Anal%sis
    Del$iH Ass=ia#e" Pu/lis$ing
    Huse1 37976 s(ear1 Per=i+al1 A
    His#r% , In"ia6 Ln"nH
    Penguin B.s1 37846 srini+as1
    M6 N61 In"ia's -illages6 Bm/a%H
    Asia Pu/lis$ing Huse1 379
    s#='ueller1 J6 H61 T$e Han"
    B. , Bri#is$ In"ia6 Ln"nH
    @6 _
    Allen G &1 3:0A6 s 2insn1
    Ar#$ur1 Mun#/a##en @ar Lea"er
    B. N6 96 Ne2 Yr.H Ball
    B.s In=6 ;=< 37831 Ar#$ur
    S2insn6 S%ming#n1 J6 M6 D61
    In a BengalJungle D S#nes ,
    Li,e n #$e Tea )ar1
    Nr#$ern In"ia6 &$a(el Hill1
    N6&61 37?0 =$eQ *egan Paul1
    Ln"n N6 3 ian"n1 Pra.as$1
    PunBa/i &en#ur% D T$e
    !as=ina#ing S#r% , a -irile i
    Del$iH Hin" P=.e# B.s1 37936
    #en"ul.ar1 D6 )61 Ma$a#ma D Li,e
    , M$an"as *aram=$an" )am
    : +lumes<6 Ne2 Del$iH T$e
    Pu/li=a#ins Di+isin Minis#r%
    , In,n
    an" Bra"=as#ing )+ernmen#
    , In"ia1 379?6 ;-lume III1
    37A8D37A3 #erraine1 J$n1 T$e
    Li,e an" Times , Lr"
    Mun#/a##en6 Ln"nH
    B.s1 37846
    #inier1 Hug$1 EC(erimen# 2i#$
    !ree"m D In"ia an" Pa.is#an
    37A86 Li
    OC,r" Uni+ersi#% Press1 37986
    ## rnaire1 Helene1 Pi+re -er# D
    L'In"e auC Ra%ns M6 ParisH
    Raul
    37906
    #re+el%an1 Hum($re%1 T$e In"ia
    @e Le,#6 Ln"nH Ma=millan1
    37851
    #r##er1 LJh T$e Li,e , H"sn
    , H"sn's Hrse6 Ln"nH
    S2ee(man's Li/rar%1 37356
    #u./r1 !ran=is1 @$ile Memr%
    Ser+es6 Ln"nH &assell G &6
    L#"1 37046 +as#1 LanQa "el1 Le
    Pilerinage auC Sur=es6 ParisH
    Denel 37A?
    -E(aris'D I,e?ie##e 379:YF "
    -aPiUr F -O%age "
    Tra-eF J'JF"e 'SeP#en#rinaleD
    2ain2ri$#1 Mar%1 an" &6 H6
    P$ili(s1 T$e Par#i#in , In"ia6
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    Ln"nD)erge Allen G Un2in
    L#"1 37846 2"ru,,1 P$ili(1 8Se
    Men 2$ Rule" In"ia6 -l6 IH
    883> !un"ers
    1 6 -l6 IIH T$e )uar"ians
    Ln"nH Jna#$an &a(e1 370A6
    %ea#sD/r2n1 !61 Les
    TrisLan"ers "u Bengale6 ParisH
    Ha=ae##e 3700
    %un1 Desmn"1 All #$e Bes#
    Years6 Ne2 Yr.H Har(er G
    Br#$ers1 37936
    II O!!I&IAL DO&UMENTS
    a=#s , (arliamen#
    T$e )+ernmen# , In"ia A=# 5?
    De=em/er 37376
    7 G 34 )e6 -1 =6 3436
    T$e )+ernmen# , In"ia A=#
    5 Augus# 37?06 )e6 -6 a
    56
    T$e In"ian In"e(en"en=e A=# 3:
    Jul% 37A86
    34 G 33 )e6 -I1 =6 ?46
    in"ian s#a#u#r% =mmissin
    re(r#
    ;-l6 36 Sur+e%<
    H6M6's S#a#iner% O,,i=e6 37?46
    (arliamen#ar% (a(ers
    &m" 9:?0 ;37A9<6
    In"iaH S#a#emen# /% #$e &a/ine#
    Missin1 50 Ma% 37A96 &m"
    9:93 ;37A9<6
    In"iaH S#a#emen# /% #$e &a/ine#
    Missin6 &m" 9:95 ;37A9<6
    In"ia ;&a/ine# Missin<H Pa(ers
    rela#ing #B
    ;a< #$e Si.$s1
    ;/< #$e In"ian S#a#es1
    ;=< #$e Eur(ean
    &mmuni#%1 Ma%DJune 37A96
    &m" 84A8 ;37A8< In"ian Pli=%
    S#a#emen# 54 !e/ruar% 37A86
    &m" 83?9 ;37A8< In"ian Pli=%
    S#a#emen#
    ? June 37A86
    BIBLIO)RAPHY #ime nl% #
    l. ,r2ar"
    S(ee=$es , #$e Earl
    Mun#/a##en , Burma as
    -i=er% , In"ia an" )+eri
    )eneral , #$e Dminin ,
    In"ia 37A8D37A:6 /% Ni=$las
    *a%e1 Ln"n1 37A76
    Ill NE@SPAPERS AND
    PERIODI&ALS
    englan"
    T$e Run" Ta/le1 Ln"n6 T$e
    Times1 Ln"n6 Time MagaQine1
    Ln"n6
    ,ran=e
    His#ire (ur Tus
    N6 3A9D3A8 D JuinJJuille# 37856
    EC#ra=#H 'L'In"e De=$iree'
    /% Pa#ri=. Tura/ull an" Al/er#
    -ulILDQ6
    His#ire (ur Tus
    N6 304 D O=#/re 37856
    EC#ra=#H 'Lr" Mun#/a##en en
    Birmanie'
    /% Al/er# -ullieQ6
    Bulgne Billan=ur#1 E"i#ins
    Ru,,1 37856 Le Mn"e1 Paris6
    Har#Jan1 A$me"a/a"6
    Illus#ra#e" @ee.l% , In"ia1
    Bm/a%6
    T$e Times , In"ia1 Bm/a%6
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    Da2n1 Ne2 Del$i6
    T$e Hin"us#an Times1 Ne2
    Del$i6
    T$e Hin"us#an Times @ee.l%
    Re+ie21 Ne2 Del$i6
    T$e S#a#esman1 Ne2 Del$i6
    (a.is#an
    &i+il an" Mili#ar% )aQe##e1
    La$re6 Pa.is#an Times1
    *ara=$i6
    uni#e" s#a#es
    T$e Ne2 Yr. Times1 Ne2
    Yr.6

    I- SPE&IAL DO&UMENTS
    RELATIN) TO )ANDHI'S
    MURDER AND THE TRIAL
    O! HIS ASSASSINS MADE
    A-AILABLE TO AUTHORS6
    =rime re(r#s
    /% J6 D6 Nagar+alla6
    !rm ?4J43JA: # 5:J40JA:6
    S(e=ial Bran=$1 &ID1 Bm/a%6
    gan"$i's assassina#in an" I
    /% )(al )"se6
    Asmi#a Pra.as$an1 Pna1 37986
    ;A+aila/le nl% in Ma$ara#$i6<
    re(r# , in+es#iga#in mur"er
    Se=6 ?45 IP& an" Ar#i=les A G 06
    EC(lsi+e su/s#an=es A=# in#
    #$e &ns(ira=% # Mur"er
    Ma$a#ma )an"$i6 Dssier N6
    99?JA6
    O,,i=e , #$e De(u#%
    &mmissiner , Pli=e1 S(e=ial
    Bran=$1 &ID1 Bm/a%6
    re(r# , #$e =mmissin ,
    en'uir% in# =ns(ira=% #
    mur"er ma$a#ma gan"$i
    /% J6 L6 *a(ur1 Ju"ge , #$e
    Su(reme &ur# , In"ia6 ;9
    +lumes6< )+ernmen# , In"ia
    Press1 Ne2 Del$i1 37846
    is ,rm an in#er+ie2 2i#$ Lr"
    Mun#/a##en an" $is n#es ,
    #$eir #al. ma"e a# #$e #ime1 (lus
    a (ersnal le##er sen# # $im /%
    #$e *ing6 T$e (r#rai# , #$e las#
    -i=er% is /ase" n in#er+ie2s
    2i#$ Mun#/a##en $imsel,1 $is
    "aug$#ers1 La"% Bra/urne an"
    La"% Pamela Hi=.s1 $is +ale#1
    &$arles Smi#$ an" a num/er ,
    $is s#a,, an" ass=ia#es in=lu"ing
    L#D&m"r Pe#er H2es1 Alan
    &am(/ellDJ$nsn1 A"miral
    Rnal" Br='6rnan1 &a(#6 Sir
    James S=##6 @ri##en ma#erial
    in=lu"es S2insn's Muun#/a##en1
    Terraine's Li,e an" Times ,
    Lr" Mun#/a##en1 an" Lr"
    +Mun#/a##en's (ersnal "iar% ,
    $is #ur , In"ia 2i#$ #$e Prin=e
    , @ales in 37536
    T$e #2 (assages n )an"$i in
    Na.$ali are /ase" n
    in#er+ie2s an" 2ri##en ma#erial
    =+ering #$e same su/Be=# as se#
    u# in #$e n#es in &$a(#er 56
    T$e /igra($i=al (assages are
    /ase" n in#er+ie2s 2i#$H #$e
    Na%ars1 Bri.s$en &$an"i2alla$1
    )ur=$aran Sing$1 A=$ar%a
    *ri(alani1 Je$angir Pa#el1
    Pa"maBa Nai"u1 Mme -6 L6
    Pan"i#1 @ali an" Ba"s$a$ *$an1
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #$e '!rn#ier )an"$i'1 *ris$na
    Menn an" Ra%mn" &ar#ier6
    @ri##en ma#erialH S$eean1 Lea"
    *in"l% Lig$# an" )an"$iH A
    )rea# Li,e in Brie,T &li"ge1
    )an"$iT As$e1 )an"$iH A S#u"%
    in Re+lu#inT Pa%ne1 )an"$iT
    Na%ar1 )an"$iH T$e Las# P$aseT
    Tis=$er1 T$e Li,e , Ma$a#ma
    )an"$iT )an"$i1 An
    Au#/igra($% r T$e S#r% ,
    M% EC(erimen# 2i#$ Tru#$T
    *ri(alani1 )an"$i1 A Li,eT
    MBum"ar1 Jinna$ an" )an"$i6
    T$e (assage n #$e Huse ,
    &mmns' "e/a#e is ,rm
    Hansar" an" =n#em(rar%
    ne2s(a(er a==un#s6 T$e
    "es=ri(#in , #$e Mun#/a##en's
    "e(ar#ure is /ase" n in#er+ie2s
    2i#$ Lr" Mun#/a##en1 A"miral
    Br=.Dman1 L#D&m"r H2es an"
    &$arles Smi#$6
    &HAPTER A A Las# Ta## ,r a
    D%ing RaB
    T$e (assage "ealing 2i#$
    )an"$i's rela#ins$i( 2i#$ $is
    grea#Dnie=e Manu is /ase" n
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ P%arelal an"
    Sus$illa Na%ar an" Na%ar's
    /.&&er#ain )an"$i
    'u#a#ins1 n#a/l% #$se "ealing
    2i#$ $is "ream in Bm/a%1 are
    ,rm $is riginal e"i#rials
    2ri##en ,r $is (a(er #$e HariBan
    a# #$e #ime6
    T$e a==un# , Mun#/a##en's
    in#er+ie2 2i#$ Lr" @a+ell is
    ,rm an in#er+ie2 2i#$
    Mun#/a##en an" $is n#es ma"e
    a# #$e #ime ,rm #$eir
    =n+ersa#in6 La"%
    Mun#/a##en's (r,ile is /ase"
    largel% n in#er+ie2s 2i#$ $er
    $us/an"1 $er #2 "aug$#ers an"
    $er #$ree se=re#aries in In"ia1
    Muriel @a#sn1 EliQa/e#$ @ar"
    &llins an" Ja%a T$a"ani6 T$e
    'u#a#ins an" re,le=#ins
    re,erring # Lr" Mun#/a##en's
    3753 +isi# are ,rm $is (ri+a#e
    "iar%6
    His arri+al a# -i=er%'s Huse
    an" $is s2earingDin as -i=er%
    as 2ell as #$e a==un# , #$e
    (re(ara#ins ,r #$e =eremn%
    are /ase" n in#er+ie2s 2i#$
    &$arles Smi#$1 &a(#6 Sir James
    S=##1 &a(#6 !6 J6 Burna/%D
    A#.ins1 L#D&m"r H2es1
    A"miral Br=.man an" #$e
    -i=er% $imsel,6 @ri##en sur=es
    in=lu"e" =n#em(rar%
    ne2s(a(er a==un#s1 &a(#6
    S=##'s "iar%1 &am(/ellD
    J$nsn's Missin 2i#$
    Mun#/a##en an" #$e

    NOTES

    NOTES

    A

    ,eren=e6 Amng #$se a##en"ing
    2$ 2ere in#er+ie2e" 2ere Sir
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    Ola, &are1 Sir> &$an"ulal
    Tri+e"i an" Sir )erge A/eil6
    T$e "es=ri(#in , Mun#D
    /a##en's +isi# # Pes$a2ar an" #$e
    PunBa/ is /ase" n in#er+ie2s
    2i#$ Lr" Mun#/a##en1 Sir Ola,
    &are1 A/"ul Ras$i"1 De(u#%
    Su(erin#en"en# , Pli=e in
    Pes$a2ar an" &l6 M$amme"
    *$an1 an rganiQer , #$e
    "emns#ra#ins6 )an"$i's "e/a#e
    2i#$ $is =lleagues is /ase" n
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ P%arelal Na%ar
    an" A=$ar%a *ri(alani6
    &HAPTER 9 A Pre=ius Li##le
    Pla=e
    T$e "es=ri(#ins , Simla are
    /ase" n in#er+ie2s 2i#$ M6 S6
    O/eri1 Mrs Perm Mn#ague1 Sir
    &$an"ulal Tri+e"i an" a
    "elig$#,ul 3:70 )ui"e/. #
    #$e =i#%1 (lus a +isi# # #$e si#e
    i#sel,6 T$e a==un# , #$e
    -i=er%'s '$un=$' is /ase" n
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ Lr"
    Mun#/a##en1 Alan &am(/ellD
    J$nsn1 #$e Earl , Lis#2el
    an" A"miral Br=.man6 T$e
    a==un# , Ne$ru's rea=#in 2as
    ,urnis$e" /% *ris$na Menn
    2$ a==m(anie" $im6 -6 P6
    Menn's "aug$#er1 Mrs D6 Misra1
    (r+i"e" a==ess # $is (ersnal
    (a(ers 2$i=$ in=lu"e a "e#aile"
    a==un# , #$e in=i"en#6
    &HAPTER 8 Pala=es an" TigersT
    Ele($an#s an" Je2els
    T$e a==un# , Sir &nra"
    &r,iel"'s Ln"n +isi# 2as
    (r+i"e" /% in#er+ie2s 2i#$ #$e
    #2 .e% (e(le in+l+e"1
    &r,iel" an" #$e Earl ,
    Lis#2el6
    T$e "es=ri(#in , #$e
    Ma$araBas1 #$eir li+es an"
    e==en#ri=i#ies are /ase" n
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ &r,iel"1 $is
    "e(u#% Sir Her/er# T$m(sn1
    #$e RaB Ma#as , )2alir an"
    Jai(ur1 #$e Ma$araBas , Pa#iala1
    !ari".#1 *a(ur#ala1 Bun"i1
    Bar"a1 De2as1 #$e Na2a/ ,
    Maler.#la6 Als ms# $el(,ul
    2ere La"% Ru#$+en1 #$e 2i"2
    , #$e NiQam , H%"era/a"'s
    legal a"+iser1 Sir @al#er
    Mn=.#n1 an" Sir @al#er's
    assis#an# J$n Pe%#nT )en6 Ali
    Ya+ar Jung , Bm/a% 2$ 2as
    n #$e NiQam's s#a,,T H6E6 *aran
    Sing$1 a mem/er , #$e In"ian
    g+ernmen# an" #$e sn , #$e
    la#e Ma$araBa , *as$mir 2$
    "es n# =$se # em(l% $is
    #i#leT an" R/in Du,,6 Primar%
    2ri##en sur=es are Lr"'s T$e
    Ma$araBa$sT !r/es'1 In"ia , #$e
    Prin=esT an" "e )lis$'s
    S(len"eur e# &reF(us=ule "es
    Ma$araBas6
    &HAPTER : A Da% &urse" /%
    #$e S#ars
    T$e a==un#1 , Lr"
    Mun#/a##en's +isi# # Ln"n1
    $is mee#ing 2i#$ #$e =a/ine# an"
    2i#,i Sir @ins#n &$ur=$ill is
    /ase" n in#er+ie2s 2i#$ Lr"
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    Mun#/a##en an" $is n#es ,
    #$se mee#ings "i=#a#e" a# #$e
    #ime1 2i#$ Sir )erge A/ell 2$
    2as als in Ln"n an" 2i#$ #$e
    Earl , Lis#2el1 #$e Se=re#ar%
    , S#a#e ,r In"ia1 2$ a##en"e"
    #$e ,irs# mee#ing6
    T$e (assage "ealing 2i#$ #$e
    "es#ru=#in , #$e ar=$i+es , #$e
    Ma$araBas' "ings an" #$e
    ma#erial #$e% =n#aine"'is /ase"
    n in#er+ie2s 2i#$ Sir &nra"
    &r,iel" an" $is "e(u#% Sir
    Her/er# T$m(sn6 Sir &nra"
    als all2e" ne , #$e au#$rs
    # rea" an un(u/lis$e"
    manus=ri(# =+ering $is
    eC(erien=es 2i#$ In"ia's (rin=es1
    #$eir "ings an" $is 2n =areer6
    T$e a==un# , Mun#/a##en's
    mee#ing 2i#$ #$e In"ian lea"ers
    n 5 a ? June is /ase" n
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ $im an" #$e
    a=#ual minu#es , #$e me ings
    ,rm $is ar=$i+es ,rm 2$i=$ all
    "ire=# 'u#es are #a.en6 T$e
    a==# , $is =n+ersa#ins 2i#$
    Jinna$ an" )an"$i are /ase" n
    in#er+ie2s 2 Lr" Mun#/a##en
    an" $is n#es #a.en , #$em a#
    #$e #ime6 T$e 'u#a#i ,rm
    )an"$i a# $is (ra%er mee#ing is
    ,rm HariBan6 T$e (ress =n,erei
    2as re=ns#ru=#e" ,rm #$e
    #rans=ri(# , #$e =n,eren=e an"
    in#er+ie 2i#$ Lr" Mun#/a##en
    an" Alan &am(/ellDJ$nsn6
    T$e a==un# , as#rlger's
    rea=#in is ,rm in#er+ie2s 2i#$
    Lr" Mun#/a##en1 M6 Ma##$ai
    an" S2amin Manaran 2$ s#ill
    re#ains $is riginal =$ar#s an
    =(% , $is le##er # #$e -i=er%6
    &HAPTER 7 T$e Ms#
    &m(leC Di+r=e in His#r% T$e
    "es=ri(#in , #$e manner in
    2$i=$ In"ia's asse#s 2ere "i+i"e=
    /ase" (rin=i(all% n in#er+ie2s
    2i#$ #$e #2 men res(nsi/le1 H6
    Pa#el an" &$au"r% M$amme"
    Ali6 A ,ull se# , #$e re(r#s
    su/mi##e=3 #$em1 #$eir
    re=mmen"a#ins an" #$e
    minu#es , #$eir mee#ing 2ere
    mT a+aila/le # #$e au#$rs6 T$e
    "es=ri(#in , #$e "i+isin , #$e
    +i=ere =arriages =mes ,rm
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ L#D&m"r H2es
    an" )eneral Ya=V *$an6 T$e
    (assage #rea#ing #$e /rea.ing u(
    , #$e In"ian Arm% is /ase"
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ )eneral R%
    Bu=$er1 &l M$amme" I"riss1
    )enV Enai#$ Ha/i/ulla$1
    )eneral *ar/a.s$ Sing$1 &a(#6
    Sams$er Sin )eneral J6 N6
    &$au"$uri1 )eneral !ran.
    Messer+%1 !iel"DMars$al S
    Mane.s$a21 )eneral D6 M6
    Misra1 )eneral J6 T6 Sa#ara+ala1
    MaB6D) A6 Du/e%6 An eC=ellen#
    re=en# $is#r% , #$e In"ian
    Arm% is a+aila/li Masn's1
    Ma##er , Hnur6 Mu=$
    in#eres#ing ma#erial n i#s #a=#i=s
    i =am(aigns is # /e ,un" in
    Elli##'s1 T$e !rn#ier 3:?7D
    37A86
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    T$e (assage n Lr" Ra"=li,,e's
    summns1 $is mee#ings 2i#$ #$e
    L &$an=ellr an" &lemen# A##lee
    is /ase" n $is 2n re=lle=#ins
    re=r"e" in an in#er+ie21 (lus
    =er#ain =rres(n"en=e rela#i+e
    # a((in#men# eC=$ange"
    /e#2een Ln"n an" -i=er%'s
    Huse6 ' a==un# , $isOrs#
    mee#ing 2i#$ Lr" Mun#/a##en
    is #a.en ,rm in +ie2s 2i#$ #$e
    #2 men6 T$e "es=ri(#in ,
    Mun#/a##en's a((ra=l #$e
    (r/lem , #$e (rin=es =mes
    ,rm in#er+ie2s 2i#$ Lr"
    Mun#/a# Sir &nra" &r,iel"1
    Pa#el's "aug$#er an" se=re#ar%
    an" #$e (ri+a#e (a_ , -6 P6
    Menn6
    Lr" Mun#/a##en's nmina#in
    # #$e (s# , )+ernrD)eneral
    in"e(en"en# In"ia an" #$e
    #$ug$# 2$i=$ (re=e"e" i# D #$a#
    $e /e=n Bin# )+ernrD)eneral
    , #$e #2 ne2 "minins is
    #rea#e" in g leng#$ in Mn's
    Di+i"e an" Lui# an" &am(/ellD
    J$nsn's Missin Mun#/a##en6
    T$e a==un# $ere is /ase" n
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ Lr" M /a##en
    an" #$e re=r"s , $is man%
    "is=ussins , i# 2i#$ $is s#a,,
    an" In"ian lea"ers$i(6
    In "es=ri/ing #$e (reD(ar#i#in
    #ru/les in #$e PunBa/1
    in#er+ie2s 3 ,ur ,rmer ,,i=ers
    , #$e PunBa/ (li=e1 )eral"
    Sa+age1 Rule Dean1 H6 Ri=$ an"
    Pa#ri=. !armer 2ere em(l%e"6
    A =(% , #$e PunBa/ &!
    2ee.l% summaries , e+en#s in
    #$e (r+in=e 2as als ma"e
    a+aila/le # #$e au#$rs6 T$e
    a==un# , )an"$i's ,irs# =n#a=#
    2i#$ #$e re,ugees is is ,rm
    P%arelal Na%ar6
    &HAPTER 34 '@e @ill Al2a%s
    Remain Br#$ers'
    T$e a==un# , #$e R%al Assen#
    is /ase" n =n#em(rar%
    ne2s(a(er re(r#s6
    Mun#/a##en's ,inal a""ress #
    #$e &$am/er , Prin=es1 #$eir
    ,are2ell "inner an" #$e
    relu=#an=e , sme , #$e (rin=es
    # a"$ere # ne , #$e ne2
    "minins is /ase" n
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ Lr"
    Mun#/a##en an" $is re=r"s ,
    #$e (r=ess1 #$e (ri+a#e (a(ers ,
    -6 P6 Menn 2$ 2as #$e In"ian
    ,,i=ial ms# =lsel% =n=erne"1
    an" in#er+ie2s 2i#$ #$e RaB
    Ma#as , )2alir an" Jai(urT #$e
    Ma$araBas , Pa#iala1
    *ar(ur,$ala an" MalerD.#laT Sir
    &nra" &r,iel"T La"%
    Mn=.#nT Sir Her/er#
    T$m(sn an" J$n Pe%#n6 T$e
    "es=ri(#in , Lr"
    Mun#/a##en's +isi# # *as$mir is
    /ase" n in#er+ie2s 2i#$ $im1
    $is memran"a , =n+ersa#ins
    "i=#a#e" a# #$e #ime1 #$e minu#es
    , $is "is=ussins 2i#$ $is s#a,,
    n $is #ri( an" $is re(r# n $is
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    #al. # #$e A##lee g+ernmen#6
    T$e a==un# , #$e a##em(# #
    assassina#e Jinna$ 2as ,urnis$e"
    /% )6 R6 Sa+age1 2$ /rug$#
    #$e in,rma#in # Del$i1 Lr"
    Mun#/a##en1 an" =er#ain
    "=umen#s 2$i=$ #$e las#
    -i=er% ,un" in $is ar=$i+es
    rela#i+e # #$e (l#6
    T$e a==un# , Mun#/a##en's
    re'ues# # )an"$i # g #
    &al=u##a is /ase" n in#er+ie2s
    2i#$ Mun#/a##en an" $is re=r"
    , #$eir =n+ersa#in as 2ell as
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ P%arelal Na%ar1
    Bri.s$en &$an"i2alla$ an" *6
    Rangas2am%6
    Jinna$'s "e(ar#ure ,r *ara=$i
    an" $is ,lig$# 2as re=ns#ru=#e"
    ,rm
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ $is AD&s
    A"miral A$sen1 @ing
    &mman"er A#a Ra/ani
    an" &l @illiam Birnie6 Lr"
    Mun#/a##en's "e=isin # $l"
    /a=. Lr"
    Ra"=li,,e's a2ar" un#il a,#er
    in"e(en"en=e 2as "is=usse"
    2i#$ Lr" i
    Mun#/a##en1 Lr" Ra"=li,,e an"
    Sir )erge A/ell6 T$e 'u#a#ins
    are
    ,rm #$e -i=er%'s las# re(r# #
    Ln"n6 T$e earlier (assage n
    $2 Lr"
    Ra"=li,,e 2r.e" is /ase" n
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ Lr" Ra"=li,,e
    an" $is I&S
    ai"e1 H6 &6 Beaumn#6 #
    T$e a==un# , #$e ,are2ell
    "inner a# #$e Del$i )%m.$ana
    &lu/ is /ase" n in#er+ie2s 2i#$
    a num/er , #$se (resen#6
    &HAPTER 33 @$ile #$e @rl"
    Sle(#
    T$e a==un# , )an"$i's missin
    # &al=u##a is /ase" n
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ P%arelal Na%ar1
    R6 N6 BannerBee an" Ram
    )/ur/$un6 @ri##en sur=es
    in=lu"e T$e Las# P$ase1 HariBan
    an" #$er =n#em(rar%
    ne2s(a(er a==un#s6 T$e
    a==un# , Mun#/a##en's ri"e
    #$rug$ #$e s#ree#s , *ara=$i
    2i#$ Jinna$ is /ase" largel% n
    an in#er+ie2 2i#$ #$e las#
    -i=er%6 @ri##en sur=es in=lu"e
    Missin 2i#$ Mun#/a##en an"
    =n#em(rar% ne2s(a(er
    a==un#s6
    T$e "es=ri(#in , In"e(en"en=e
    nig$# a# #$e *$%/er Pass1
    La$re1 Ne2 Del$i1 Bm/a%1
    e#=61 =mes ,rm a grea# +arie#%
    , sur=es6 T$e% in=lu"e
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ Lr"
    Mun#/a##en1 Alan &am(/ellD
    J$nsn1 )enerals
    -a=u/ *$an1 Messer+%1
    L=.$ar#1 Bu=$er an" &$au"uri1
    &l Bi# Brig6 M$amme" I"riss1
    R6 E6 @6 A#.ins1 An2ar Ali1
    *$2aBa M$iu" Mrs Su=$e#a
    *ri(alani 2$ sang #$e In"ian
    na#inal an#$em ,r &ns#i#uen#
    Assem/l%1 H6 -6 R6 Iengar1 Mrs
    -6 L6 Pan"i#1 )eneral H Mrs D6
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    Misra1 Dr Sus$ila Na%ar1 &l
    M$amme" S$ari, *$an1 !
    Dean1 @6 H6 Ri=$6 Amng #$e
    2ri##en sur=es em(l%e" 2ere
    #$e ,,i (rgrammes ,r #$e
    =ele/ra#ins1 =n#em(rar%
    ne2s(a(er a==ui s(e=ial re(r#s
    n #$e =ele/ra#ins (re(are" /%
    Lr" an" La"% Mu /a##en1
    numerus le##ers an" "iaries
    ma"e a+aila/le # #$e au#$rs6 3
    s#r% , Ne$ru's #ele($ne =all
    2as re=un#e" /% Pa"maBa
    Nai"u1 "inner gues# #$a# e+ening6
    T$e (assage n #$e +isi# , #$e
    lea"ers Mun#/a##en is /ase" n
    $is 2n re=lle=#ins , #$e
    mmen#6
    &HAPTER 35 'O$ L+el% Da2n
    , !ree"m'
    T$e "es=ri(#i+e (assage n
    Benares an" #$e +illage ,
    &$a#$ar(ur a /ase" n
    in#er+ie2s an" resear=$ in #$e
    #2 l=a#ins6 T$e "es=ri(#ins
    #$e in"e(en"en=e =ele/ra#ins in
    Del$i as 2ell as else2$ere in
    In"ia ; 30 Augus# are /ase" n
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ Lr" Allen"ale1
    EliQa/e#$ &llir &mm"re
    Rusi )an"$i1 L#D&l Sir Mar#in
    )illia#1 L#D&mman" H2es1
    )en6 L=.ar#1 &a(#6 S=##1
    Duggal Sing$1 In"ira )an"$i1
    Li Mun#/a##en1 Ram
    )/ur/$un1 *us$2an# Sing$1
    )en6 S$a"i" Haaiii )en6
    Ha/i/ulla$1 Pa"maBa Nai"u1
    A$me" Ra$ur6 @ri##en sur=es
    in=lu= #$e -i=er%'s ,inal re(r#
    # Ln"n1 #$e "iar% , &a(#6
    S=##1 le##ei 2ri##en a# #$e #ime
    /% EliQa/e#$ &llins1
    =n#em(rar% ne2s(a(er a==#
    ni an" #$e ,,i=ial (rgrammes6
    T$e a==un# , Pamela
    Mun#/a##en's eB (erien=es is
    /ase" n in#er+ie2s 2i#$ $er an"
    $er Oral His#r% Trans=ri( , #$e
    in=i"en# n "e(si# a# #$e
    Ja2a$arlal Ne$ru Li/rar% in
    Ne2 Del$i T$e s#r% , #$e
    #rains arri+ing in Amri#sar 2as
    re=un#e" /% #$ s#a#in mas#er
    &$ani Sing$6 T$e "es=ri(#in ,
    #$e raising , #$e RSSS ,laB in
    Pna is /ase" n #$e a==un# ,
    #$e =eremn% in #$e Hin"u
    Ras$#ra #$e #ime an" an
    in#er+ie2 2i#$ #$e /r#$er ,
    Na,$uram )"se1 )(a6 )"se6
    Lr" Lis#2el "es=ri/e" $is +isi#
    # Balmral 2i#$u# #$e missing
    seals6 Sir )erge A/ell (r+i"e"
    #$e a==un# , #$e +isi# #
    &lemen# A##lee T$e mee#ing a#
    2$i=$ Lr" Mun#/a##en
    (resen#e" #$e Ra"=li,,e a2ar" #
    #$e In"ian lea"ers 2as re=rea#e"
    ,rm in#er+ie2s 2i#$ Lr"
    Mun#/a##en an" #$e minu#es ,
    #$e mee#ing i#sel,6 T$e
    "es=ri(#in , Ra"=li,,e's
    "e(ar#ure is /ase" n in#er+ie2s
    2i#$ Lr" Ra"=li,,e an" H6 &6
    Be#umn#6
    &HAPTER 3? 'Our Pe(le Ha+e
    108
    !REEDOM AT MIDNI)HT
    )ne Ma"' &HAPTER 3A T$e
    )rea#es# Migra#in in His#r%
    T$e (assages in #$ese #2
    =$a(#ers "es=ri/ing #$e
    in#er=mmunal .illing in #$e
    PunBa/1 #$e ,lig$# , #$e
    re,ugees1 #$e #rain massa=res1 #$e
    ra(e an" a/"u=#in , 2men
    ,rm /#$ =mmuni#ies are
    /ase" (rimaril% n (ar#i=ular
    eC(erien=es sele=#e" ,rm #$se
    re=un#e" /% +=i A44 re,ugees
    ,rm /#$ si"es in#er+ie2e" in
    #$e =urse , #$e resear=$ ,r
    #$is /.6


    A74

    NOTES

    NOiES

    @$ere+er (ssi/le #$e (ersnal
    eC(erien=es sele=#e" ,r use
    2ere #$se 2$i=$ =ul" /e
    au#$en#i=a#e" r =rr/ra#e" /%
    a se=n" sur=e6 In a""i#in #
    #$se re,ugees 2$se names are
    em(l%e" in #$e /"% , #$e #eC#1
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ a num/er ,
    #$er (e(le 2ere em(l%e" in
    =ns#ru=#ing #$se (assages in
    &$a(#ers 3? an" 3A6 T$e%
    in=lu"e Sir &$an"ulal Tri+e"i1
    #$e )+ernr , #$e In"ian $al,
    , #$e (r+in=eT MaB6D)en6 M6 S6
    &$(ra1 2$ su(er+ise" #$e
    mili#ar% es=r# ,r #$e re,ugees
    /un" ,r Pa.is#an ,rm #$e
    In"ian si"e , #$e /r"erT
    )eneral RaQa1 S$a$i" Hami"
    an" A.$/ar *$an , Pa.is#anT
    L#D&l Na2a/ Sir Mali. *$aQar
    *$an Ti2ana1 2$ als
    ,urnis$e" a num/er ,
    un(u/lis$e" s#u"ies n #$e
    rigins , #$e +ilen=eT Mr )6 D6
    Harring#n H2esT &l A6 D6
    Ili,,T R6 E6 @6 A#.ins an"
    E"2ar" Be$r6 T$e 2ri##en
    sur=es em(l%e" in=lu"e" #$e
    ,ll2ingH =n#em(rar%
    ne2s(a(er a==un#s1 )6 D6
    *$sla's S#ern Re=.ning1 #$e
    ms# "e#aile" In"ian s#u"% , #$e
    u($ea+alsT #$e minu#es an"
    re=r"s , #$e Emergen=%
    &mmi##eeT a "e#aile" re(r# n
    #$e re,ugee (r/lem (re(are" ,r
    #$e S# J$n Am/ulan=e Briga"e
    /% La"% Mun#/a##enT D6 !6
    *arala's !ree"m Mus# N#
    S#in.T Mn's1 Di+i"e an" Lui#T
    &am(/ellDJ$nsn's Missin
    @i#$ Mun#/a##enT H"sn's
    T$e )rea# Di+i"eT *ul"i(
    Na%ar's Dis#an# Neig$/urs6
    Als a+aila/le is an eC=ellen#
    n+el , #$e (eri"1 *us$2an#
    Sing$'s Las# Train # Pa.is#an6
    T$e a==un# , )an"$i's Mira=le
    in &al=u##a is /ase" n
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ P%arelal Na%ar
    an" $is T$e Las# P$ase1
    Bri.s$en &$an"i2alla$1 Nirmal
    *umar Bse1 Ram )/ur/$un
    AN OLD MAN AND
    HIS SHATTERED
    DREAM
    an" =n#em(rar% ne2s(a(er
    a==un#s6 T$e "es=ri(#in , #$e
    #ur , #$e PunBa/ /% Ne$ru an"
    Lia'ua# Ali *$an is /ase" n
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ #2 , #$e men
    2$ a==m(anie" #$em1 H6 -6 R6
    I%enagar an" MaB6D)en6 Du/e%6
    T$e (assage rela#ing #
    Mun#/a##en's summns # Del$i
    ,rm Simla is /ase"1 ,irs#1 n
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ Lr"
    Mun#/a##en an" a =n,i"en#ial
    memran"um $e (re(are" a# #$e
    #ime1 an"1 se=n"1 (a(ers , -6 P6
    Menn an" in#er+ie2s 2i#$ $is
    "aug$#er an" 2i#$ H6 -1 R6
    I%enagar 2$ 2as 2i#$ $im
    2$en #$e g+ernmen#'s senir
    =i+il ser+an#s realiQe" In"ia 2as
    =lse # =lla(se6
    T$e a==un# , #$e Emergen=%
    &mmi##ee's ini#ial sessin an"
    i#s ,un=#in is /ase" n i#s
    minu#es1 &am(/ellDJ$nsn's
    Missin @i#$ Mun#/a##en an"
    in#er+ie2s 2i#$ Lr"
    Mun#/a##en1 &6 H6 B$a/$a an"
    H6 -6 R6 I%enagar6
    T$e a==un# , #$e ,lig$# ,
    Ma"anlal Pa$2a an" $is
    su/se'uen# en=un#ers 2i#$ Dr
    Par=$ure an" -is$nu *ar.are is
    /ase" n in#er+ie2s 2i#$ #$e
    #$ree men6 T$e s#r% , B#a
    Sing$ an" $is "aug$#er rela#e" in
    #$is =$a(#er an" #$e e(ilgue is
    $ase" n in#er+ie2s 2i#$ Ra/ia
    Sul#an Lari 2$ /e=ame #$e
    ,s#er m#$er , $is "aug$#er
    an" La$re ne2s(a(er a==un#s
    (u/l.$e" a# $is #rial an" "ea#$6
    &HAPTER 30 '*as$mir D Onl%
    *as$mir!'
    T$e a==un# , #$e lig$#s ,a"ing
    "uring #$e Ma$araBa's Di2ali
    =ele/ra#in is /ase" n an
    in#er+ie2 2i#$ Dr *aran Sing$1
    $is sn1 an" Mrs # lren=e
    L"ge1 a Bri#is$ resi"en# ,
    Sriaagar1 Jinna$'s e,,r#s #
    s(en" a +a=a#in in *as$mir
    2ere n#e" a# #$e #ime /% &l
    Birnie in $is "ia T$e a==un# ,
    $2 S$e Pa.is#an g+ernmen#
    =ame # (lan i#s #ril in+asin ,
    *as$mir 2as ,urnis$e" /% )en6
    A.$/ar *$an1 n2 Pa.is#a
    am/assa"r # Prague1 2$ 2as
    in+l+e" in #$e (lanning ,rm
    #$e u#s T$e a==un# , #$e
    in+asin i#sel, an" #$e ($%si=al
    (re(ara#ins ,r i# 2 ,urnis$e"
    /% Saira/ *$a%a# *$an an" &l
    M$amme" S$ari, *$an 2
    /e=ame ($%si=all% in+l+e" a# a
    la#er s#age6 T$e "es=ri(#in ,
    #$e #e ($ne eC=$anges /e#2een
    #$e Bri#is$ ,,i=ers =mman"ing
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    108
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    AN OLD MAN AND
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    6 4
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    99:(( I#lus#"6


    108
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