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AREA =
WETTED
PERI METER
HYDRAULI C
RADI US = AREA/WP
Z = 1
Z = 4 PLUS
Q = (C/n) A R Q = (C/n) A R
h h
2/3 2/3
S S
0 0
1/2 1/2
Manning Manning s Equation for s Equation for
Open Channel Flow Open Channel Flow
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Manning Manning s Formula calculates an s Formula calculates an
average velocity average velocity
V = (C/n) R V = (C/n) R
h h
2/3 2/3
S S
0 0
1/2 1/2
Manning Manning s s
Formula Formula
calculates an calculates an
average average velocity velocity
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Mannings Coefficient (n)
Mannings Coefficient (n)
Example Example
Determine the average velocity of flow and Determine the average velocity of flow and
channel top width for a parabolic shaped channel top width for a parabolic shaped
channel having a flow depth of 3.9 feet, a channel having a flow depth of 3.9 feet, a
channel slope of 0.8 percent and a channel slope of 0.8 percent and a
roughness coefficient roughness coefficient n n = 0.03. The = 0.03. The
required cross required cross- -sectional area is 50 ft sectional area is 50 ft
2 2
. .
ALSO, determine the channel discharge ( ALSO, determine the channel discharge (Q Q). ).
d d = 3.9 ft = 3.9 ft
slope ( slope (s s) = 0.008 ) = 0.008
n n = 0.03 = 0.03
A A = 50 ft = 50 ft
2 2
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D = d + freeboard D = d + freeboard
Example --- Solution
From Table:
R = 2 d / 3 = 2 (3.9) / 3 = 2.6 ft
V = (C/n) R
h
2/3
S
0
1/2
V = (1.49/0.03) (2.6)
2/3
(0.008)
1/2
V = 8.4 ft/sec
Q = A * V = 50 ft
2
* 8.4 ft/sec = 420 ft
3
/sec
Example 8.3
A waterway is lined with short grass
and has a trapezoidal cross section. It
has a bottom width of 6 feet, which
matches the construction equipment
available, a channel slope of 0.5
percent, and side slopes of 10:1 to
ensure ease of crossing. It is to carry a
flow of 50 ft
3
/sec with a freeboard of
0.5 feet. What are the total depth and
width (including freeboard) for this
channel?
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Example
IN THIS CASE, AS IN MOST CHANNEL
SELECTION PROBLEMS, THE SOLUTION
IS TRIAL AND ERROR.
b = 6.0 ft, Z = 10, Q= 50 ft
3
/sec
s = 0.005 ft/ft
Mannings Coefficient (n)
Mannings Coefficient (n)
n = 0.05 n = 0.05
D = d + freeboard D = d + freeboard
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Example Example --- --- Solution Solution
For use in the Manning For use in the Manning s Formula, the s Formula, the
slope is 0.005, slope is 0.005, n n = 0.05. Properties from = 0.05. Properties from
TABLE 8.1. Z = 10, q = 50 ft TABLE 8.1. Z = 10, q = 50 ft
3 3
/s, b = 6. /s, b = 6.
AREA = b d + Z d AREA = b d + Z d
2 2
= 6.0 d + 10 d = 6.0 d + 10 d
2 2
R R
h h
= AREA / P = AREA / P
V = (1.49/0.05) R V = (1.49/0.05) R
h h
2/3 2/3
(0.005) (0.005)
1/2 1/2
and Q= V*A and Q= V*A
05 10 2 0 6 1
2
10 2 0 6 1
2
2 . * . . d d Z d b P
Example Example --- --- Solution Solution
AREA = 6.0 d + 10 d AREA = 6.0 d + 10 d
2 2
R = AREA / P R = AREA / P
V = (1.49/0.05) R V = (1.49/0.05) R
2/3 2/3
(0.005) (0.005)
1/2 1/2
Q = V*A = 50 ft Q = V*A = 50 ft
3 3
/sec /sec
05 . 10 * 2 0 . 6 d p
46.00 118.56 1.13 46.20 52.00 2.00
44.00 105.03 1.07 44.19 47.50 1.90
42.00 92.49 1.02 42.18 43.20 1.80
40.00 80.92 0.97 40.17 39.10 1.70
38.00 70.29 0.92 38.16 35.20 1.60
36.00 60.55 0.87 36.15 31.50 1.50
34.00 51.70 0.82 34.14 28.00 1.40
33.60 50.03 0.81 33.74 27.32 1.38
32.00 43.68 0.77 32.13 24.70 1.30
30.00 36.47 0.72 30.12 21.60 1.20
28.00 30.03 0.67 28.11 18.70 1.10
26.00 24.33 0.61 26.10 16.00 1.00
Top,
ft Q,calc R
h
, ft Per, ft Area, ft
2
Quess d,
ft
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Example 8.3 Example 8.3
b = 6.0 ft, Z = 10, Q = 50 ft b = 6.0 ft, Z = 10, Q = 50 ft
3 3
/sec /sec
s = 0.005 ft/ft s = 0.005 ft/ft
depth = 1.38 ft depth = 1.38 ft
with freeboard D = 1.38+ 0.5 = 1.88 ft with freeboard D = 1.38+ 0.5 = 1.88 ft
T = T = 44.0 44.0 ft ft
VEGETATED WATERWAYS VEGETATED WATERWAYS
Examples: Examples:
drainage from field drainage from field
terraces or terraces or
diversions diversions
roadside drainage roadside drainage
ditches. ditches.
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