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PMU Utility
Users Manual
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PMU Utility
Users Manual
PMU Utility for Testing PMU Performance
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to PMU Utility 1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Steps in Building A New Test File 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 PMU Utility Operations 2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1 Connection Parameters 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Socket 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Host IP 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Remote Port 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Device ID 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Config cnt 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protocol 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Test 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 PMU Summary 2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stn 2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chnl 2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Name 2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Realtime info 2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 Testing Parameters 2.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current Control 2.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current Test 2.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Load, Run/Analyze, Save 2.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V/I Output (pu)(deg) 2.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V offset ang 2.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I offset ang 2.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Frequency 2.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mag. Modulation 2.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mag. Step Change 2.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Phase Modulation 2.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hz Ramp Rate 2.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OOB Frequency 2.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Harmonic Distortion 2.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ii
Base 2.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.1 Analysis 2.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PMU Data (sec) 2.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pre/Post Test (sec) 2.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Show Pre/Post Data 2.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pre Settle Frames 2.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Post Settle Frames 2.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plots 2.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Results Plot Tab 2.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Theoretical 2.14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.2 Comments 2.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4 Results/Reports 2.16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plot vs. Time 2.17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plot vs. Freq 2.17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Generate HTML report 2.18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Generate CSV report 2.21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PMU Utility An Introduction
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 1.1
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO PMU Utility
The GTNETPMUcomponent available in RSCAD/Draft is used
for C37.1182005 and C 37.118.22011 compliant data commu-
nication between a GTNETCard installed in the RTDS and exter-
nal devices such Phasor Data Concentrators. The original IEEE
Std. C37.118.12011 and IEEEC37.118.1 Amendment 1 are used
to define the standard for PMU performance. This PMU Utility
is designed to run tests that test a PMUs electrical performance.
The standard defines test signals and performance limits that must
be met be a PMU can be compliant to the standard. Specific test
procedures and calculations are not defined in the standard and
therefore different test procedures may produce different results
for the same PMU. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics En-
gineers Conformance Assessment Program(ICAP) PMUConfor-
mance Assessment Programis used to define a Test Suite Specifi-
cation (TSS) that addresses this issue. PMU testing organizations
whichparticipate inthe ICAPprogrammust comply with the TSS.
The RTDS PMU Utility is designed to run the test procedures in
the ICAP TSS document. RTDS Technologies does not manufac-
ture simulator meant to be traceable to national standards, it is up
to the individual using the simulator to do an error analysis of all
the components used to make up a calibration device.
Before proceeding further the following acronyms are defined for
convenience.
TVE: Total Vector Error.
FE: Frequency Error.
RFE: Rate of Change of Frequency Error.
ROCOF: Rate of Change of Frequency.
PMU Utility An Introduction
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 1.2
In general, the following functions are required for PMU calibra-
tion devices:
1. Shall provide timing reference to the PMU and to the
calibrator itself.
2. Shall provide voltage and current input signals (Signal
source(s))
3. Shall receive measurements from PMU under test
(Receiver)
4. Shall compare phasor, frequency and ROCOF
measurements from PMU to true (reference) phasor,
frequency and ROCOF representing the signal source
input to the PMU.
5. Shall perform calculations for total vector error (TVE),
frequency error (FE) and rate of change of frequency error
(RFE), and additional calculations for the dynamic step
test results.
6. Shall provide test result documentation.
Furthermore, tests shall be made under controlled temperature and
humidity conditions.
PMU
wave-
form
Control
PMU
under
Test
PMU Utility
Program
Reports
and Saved
test Data
.
.
.
Test Parameters
C37.118 data
Test Signals
PMU Utility An Introduction
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 1.3
The PMU Utility software is available in RSCAD Version 4.00x
and above. To start the PMUUtility software select the PMUUtil-
ity menu option fromthe Runtime Tools menu. The case has to in-
clude the PMU waveform control component and a GTSYNC
component in order to work.
The PMU Utility is used to set the various sliders that are em-
bedded in the waveform control component. The test signals are
generated and then sent to a GTAO card and appropriately scaled
for connection to amplifiers or lowlevel direct connections to the
PMUunder test. The slider values are also used by the PMUUtil-
ity to calculate the theoretical phasor values for each test.
The PMUUtility is used to communicate with the PMUunder test
and gather the measurements made by the PMU during the test.
The measured phasor, frequency, and ROCOF values are then
compared to the theoretical phasor, frequency and ROCOFvalues
and calculations such as FE, RFE, and TVE are made.
Note: Tests are designed to start on the 1PPS mark therefore the
simulation timestep should be set such that there is an integer
number of timesteps per 1 second.
The _rtds_ctl_PMU.def component is for the test waveform con-
trol and the rrtds_GTSYNC component is for the GPS time syn-
chronization.
PMU Utility An Introduction
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 1.4
1.1 STEPS IN BUILDING A NEW TEST FILE
The following steps are required toconfigure a PMUtest file using
the RSCAD PMU Utility
i) Open the Runtime file used to generate the test
waveforms.
ii) Set the Connection parameters and Protocol.
iii) Test the above connection parameters.
iv) Set the appropriate test conditions in the
Testing Parameters tab
v) Set the type of analysis in the Analysis tab.
vi) Put any test comments in the Comments tab
vii) Save the file
viii) Pressing the Run/Analyse button will start the test
Thefollowingchapters of this manual provide informationregard-
ing the above steps.
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.1
2.0 SCREEN SUMMARY
The PMUUtility screen is divided into 4 main views as shown be-
low.
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.2
2.1 Connection Parameters 1
CONNECTION PARAMETERS
The Connection Parameters area is used to specify the type of
communication that will be used to connect to the PMUunder test.
Socket allows for a TCP or UDP communication from the PMU
Utility to the PMU.
Host IP will be set to the IP address of the PMU under test.
Remote Port will be the remote port of the PMU under test.
Device ID will be the device id of the PMU under test.
Config cnt will be the config count of the PMU under test.
Protocol can be selected to be C37.1182005 or C37.1182011
Test will be used to test the connection parameters of the PMUun-
der test.
After the parameters are set the Test can be pressed and if the
connection is successful the screen will look similar to the one
shown below. When data is being received from the PMU the
Test button changes to a Stop button and if pressed will stop
receiving data from the PMU. The number of phasors and type of
phasors is also extracted and used to fill in the dropdownoptions
for the analysis of the estimated signals from the PMU under test
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.3
to the theoretical values calculated by the PMU Utility.
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.4
2.2 PMU Summary 2
The PMU Summary area is used to examine the data from the
PMU when the connection parameters are being tested. The mea-
surements from the PMU are displayed and each value can be se-
lected one at a time.
STN
The Station name of the PMU under test is shown here.
CHNL
The type of channels are shown here, if the PMUdata streamcon-
tains phasors, analog, or digitals the user can choose which group
of channels to display by selecting the group from the selection
list.
NAME
The names of the channels are shown here, if a channel type con-
tains more than one signal the user can choose to display the other
channels by selecting the name from the selection list.
REALTIMEINFO
The realtime info area displays the incoming information from
the PMU. The timestamp of the currently displayed data point
is displayed. The status of the time synchronization fromthe GPS
clock is displayed. The measured system frequency is displayed,
the measured ROCOF is displayed. The magnitude and phase
angle of a phasor is displayed when the channel type is PHA-
SORS.
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.5
2.3 TESTING PARAMETERS 3
The Testing Parameters area is used to view/edit/create/save the
test parameters into a test file.
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.6
CURRENT CONTROL
The current control allows the user to choose the PMUwaveform
component to control when more than one component is included
in a draft case.
CURRENT TEST
The current test allows the user to choose the test file. The test file
contains all of the details used to perform a test.
LOAD, RUN/ANALYZE, SAVE
These buttons are used to open the test file, save the test file or per-
form the test actions.
Pressing the Load button will open a dialog box so the user
choose the test file. After the test file has been selected the user
canload the file by pressing the Choose File button, or the action
can be cancelled by pressing the Cancel button.
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.7
After the user chooses to load the test file the program opens the
test file and tries to communicate with the PMU. If the PMU re-
sponds the contents of the configuration data stored in the test file
are comparedtothe present PMUconfiguration. If there is a differ-
ence the user is alerted that the a difference exists and must modify
the test parameters.
The user will be alerted to a difference between the present PMU
configuration and saved configuration when the Run/Analyze
button is pressed. The Analysis tab must be selected to update the
analysis options for the PMU under test.
Pressing the Run/Analyze button will start the test process. If
the test case has not been started the utility will start the case and
apply the test parameters. If the analysis tab does not have at least
one plot analysis option selected a dialog box will prompt the user
to select to plot at least one analysis options.
If the PMUunder test contains a Config cnt that is different than
the number storedinthe test file adialogboxwill appear informing
the user that the test can not continue because of the mismatch.
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.8
Pressing the Save button will prompt the user to overwrite the
test file if the file already exits. If the user chooses to overwrite the
file a result message will appear in the message
area.
If the user selects No a dialogboxwill appear prompting the user
to save the file under a newname. The user can press Save or Can-
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.9
cel. Results of every user action are shown in the message area.
V/I OUTPUT (pu)(deg)
The test file parameters are used to create the 3 phase test signals
for the PMUunder test. The magnitudes areenteredinper unit (pu)
and the angles are entered in degrees (deg). Normally the 3 phase
test signals are balanced 3 phase sets of voltage and current at
nominal frequency.
V offset ang is used to add a common angle offset to the 3 phase
voltages.
I offset ang is used to add a common angle offset to the 3 phase
currents.
Frequency is used to set the frequency of the test signal during the
test.
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.10
Mag. Modulation is the frequency at which the magnitude of the
test signals will be modulated. Index is a pu value of nominal mag-
nitude that the test signals will be modulated above and below
nominal magnitude.
Mag. Step Change is value in pu magnitude that the test signals
will change when the test is applied. Delay is a parameter used to
delay the step change after starting the test.
Phase Modulation is the frequency at which the phase angle of
the test signals will be modulated. Index is a pu value of nominal
360.0 degrees that the test signals will be modulated above and be-
low nominal phase angles.
Hz RampRate is used to increase or decrease the frequency of the
test signals at a fixed rate. The starting frequency if the Frequen-
cy parameter andthe ending frequencyis the Stop Freq. param-
eter. If a step change in frequency is required the parameter can
be set to 0 and the frequency of the test signals will change from
the start to the end frequency immediately after the test is started.
OOBFrequency is used to create an out of band interfering signal
that is added to the nominal test signals. The interfering signals are
created by adding a single frequency sinusoid to the fundamental
power signal at the required amplitude level and varying the fre-
quencyof this signal over the outofbandrange. Indexis a puval-
ue of nominal magnitude that the interfering signal is set to.
Harmonic distortionis usedtocreate test signals that include dis-
tortion fromthe 2nd to 50th harmonic at 0.1 pu of nominal magni-
tude.
Base volts, amps, and frequency are used to calculate theoretical
test values. The test analysis uses theoretical values compared to
the estimated values reported by the PMUunder test. The theoreti-
cal values are calculated using the above mentioned test parame-
ters. The base voltage, current, and frequency are also entered into
the waveform generator component in the draft case.
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.11
2.3.1 ANALYSIS 3
The Analysis area is used to view and edit the test analysis pa-
rameters for the test file.
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.12
PMU Data (sec)
The PMU Data parameter is used to set how much test data is
needed from the PMU under test. Normally a minimum of 5 sec-
onds of test data is necessary but will vary depending on the type
of test.
Pre/Post Test (sec)
The Pre/Post Test parameter is used to set how much pretest
and posttest time is needed for the PMU under test. Normally a
minimum of 5 seconds is needed before and after the test signals
are applied. Test data from the PMU is captured during this time
but can be excluded from the results.
Show Pre/Post Data
The ShowPre/Post Data parameter is used to include or exclude
the data from the analysis plots. Normally the analysis does not
include the pre/post data.
Pre Settle Frames
The Pre Settle Frames parameter is used to exclude a defined
number of the data fromthe analysis plots. Normally the analysis
does not include frequency or ROCOF data before and after a
transition. For example during the frequency ramp test the system
is operating at 55 Hz and ramps to 65 Hz at 1 Hz/sec. The pre settle
frames excludes data at the start of the frequency ramp. Normally
a positive integer value is entered.
Post Settle Frames
The Post Settle Frames parameter is used to exclude a defined
number of the data fromthe analysis plots. Normally the analysis
does not include frequency or ROCOF data before and after a
transition. For example during the frequency ramp test the system
is operating at 55 Hz and ramps to 65 Hz at 1 Hz/sec. The post
settle frames excludes data at the end of the frequency ramp. Nor-
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.13
mally a negative integer value is entered.
Plots
The analysis and result plots for each phasor, frequency, and RO-
COF measurement are chosen by selecting the following options:
TVE
Magnitude
Mag Error
Phase
Phase Error
Frequency
Freq Error
ROCOF
ROCOF Error
TVE will calculate the total vector error for the estimated voltage
or current phasor compared to the theoretical phasor.
Magnitude will plot the magnitude for the estimated voltage or
current phasor compared to the theoretical phasor.
Mag Error will plot the magnitude error the estimated voltage or
current phasor compared to the theoretical phasor.
Phase will plot the phase for the estimated voltage or current pha-
sor compared to the theoretical phasor.
Phase Error will plot the phase error for the estimated voltage or
current phasor compared to the theoretical phasor.
Frequency will plot the estimated frequency measurement
compared to the theoretical frequency.
FreqError will plot thefrequencyerror for theestimatedfrequency
compared to the theoretical frequency.
Results Plot Tab
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.14
The Results Plot Tab is used to create the labels for the Xaxis
and the Yaxis. If TVE, Frequency, or ROCOF is being analyzed
the user can enter the pass/fail criteria for the test.
Theoretical
Thetheoretical values of voltage, current, andsymmetrical quanti-
ties are used to calculate the TVE against the identical signal esti-
mated by the PMUunder test. By default all the theoretical values
are calculated and available. The user must choose to compare the
theoretical value to the appropriate signal from the PMU.
When the PMUis started the list of available phasors is empty and
must be updated. Atest file must be opened before the list of avail-
able phasors from the PMU is updated. Or the user can enter the
appropriate connection parameters and Test the connection, if
the PMUresponds andsends the configuration file the list of avail-
able phasors will be updated.
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.15
2.3.2 COMMENTS 3
The Comments area is used to view and edit the users com-
ments for the test file. Normally the test is described here.
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.16
2.4 RESULTS/REPORTS
The test results are plotted for each measurement that was chosen
in the analysis section. The theoretical values are drawn in blue
and the estimated values from the PMU under test are drawn in
red. The simulation timestep used is shown, the time of the test
is shown, and the pass/fail result if applicable is shown as well.
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.17
PLOT VS TIME
The plot vs time tab is used to showthe results plotted with time
on the xaxis. When chosen, a drop down list with options for all
of measurements that were previously selected is filled and the
plot will change when a new item is chosen.
PLOT VS FREQ
The plot vs freq tab is used to show the results plotted with fre-
quency on the xaxis. When chosen, a drop down list with options
for all of magnitude measurements that were previously selected
is filled and the plot will change when a new item is chosen.
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.18
GENERATE HTML REPORT
The Generate HTMLReport button is used to create a graphical
report of all the plots and includes all of the test parameters and
details. When the button is pressed the files are created and stored
in a subfolderwith the name of the test file, some descriptive type
test, and the date and time i.e. M60_60fps_Hz Range pmu_re-
port_html (2013_08_07_15_05_32). The report can be viewed in
any HTML browser and looks like the following.
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.19
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.20
PMU Utility: Screen Summary
RTDS TECHNOLOGIES INC. 2.21
GENERATE CSV REPORT
The Generate CSVReport button is used to to create a graphical
report of all the plots andincludes all of the test parameters andtest
data. When the button is pressed the files are created and stored
in a subfolderwith the name of the test file, some descriptive type
test, and the date and time i.e. M60_60fps_Hz Range pmu_re-
port_csv (2013_08_07_15_18_18). The report can be viewed in
any spreadsheet program like Excel and contains 2 files. One file
contains the test parameters andthe other file contains the theoreti-
cal test values and the test data from the PMU under test.