The Textile Barons of Fall River, Mass

By
Michael D. Feeney
Introduction

The Borden, Hathaway, Durfee, Gardner, Anthony, Slade, Brayton, and Chase families were
some of the most influential families in Southeast Massachusetts once they landed in the
New World. There were certainly other families involved in the 19
th
century textile boom in
other parts of New England, but this paper restricts itself to Fall River.
We will trace the families from their hereditary homelands to present day. We will see how
they inter-married from the earliest times. Along the way well explore interesting events
and people in more detail. What this paper is not is a comprehensive list of all ancestors or
descendants. To streamline the paper. I have only included the direct links to the eight
families that by the mid-19
th
century ruled the textile industry in Fall River.
One factor that I consider important is that a number of these families were members of
The Society of Friends.
The Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as the Quakers, is a Protestant
Christian tradition originating in mid-17th century England. Founded (traditionally) by
George Fox, it adhered to religious teaching and practice that focused on living in
accordance with the "Inward Light" (the inward apprehension of God, who is within
everyone). Fox claimed that true believers could engage the risen Lord directly through
the Holy Spirit without ministers, priests, or the sacraments. All are capable of
experiencing the promise of Christ, enabling all to live in Christ's love. This belief
influenced the position of the equality of women, a unique characteristic within
Christianity in its time. Quaker meetings are often filled with silence because they are
committed to waiting for God's presence in faith and patience. This religious movement
was not received well in England and they in turn were persecuted for not going to
services of the Church of England, refusing to tithe, and for going to Quaker services.
While being persecuted in England, many Quakers were converting many people in
America, especially in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. In fact, Pennsylvania was set up
as a Quaker colony in which the state was supposed to be governed by Friends'
principles, including religious toleration and pacifism. Historically, the Society of
Friends has endorsed strong moral codes including the refusal to participate in war, the
refusal to own slaves, and the elimination of many worldly structures. Socially, they were
committed to various causes including women's suffrage, the abolition of slavery, and
prison reform. Today there are many branches of Quakerism, some that hold more
traditional Christian doctrines and others that are more liberal in their interpretations of
these beliefs. Patheos.com
I believe that this fundamental approach to life and faith carried them through the centuries
and produced industrious, socially liberal, and forward looking peoples.
The second factor is timing. Malcom Gladwell wrote about this in his book The Tipping Point
(Gladwell, 2000). One must not only be at the right place at the right time but one must
also have the education, wealth, contacts, and other experiences to take advantage of the
situation. Gladwell argues in his book that the Great Robber Barons of the 19
th
century and
the personal computer pioneers (Gates, Jobs, etc.) of the 20
th
were aligned and positioned
to take advantage of the pioneering industries of their times. He also points out that these
people may very well have succeeded at some other occupation if they had been born 5
years earlier or later than the tipping point.
We all know the story of the Puritans. They left England because of religious intolerance and
wanted to be able to worship in the manner of their beliefs.
Puritans, by definition, were dissatisfied with the limited extent of the English
Reformation, and the Church of England's tolerance of practices which they
associated with the Catholic Church. They formed, and identified with, various
religious groups advocating greater "purity" of worship and doctrine, as well as
personal and group piety. Puritans adopted a Reformed theology and, in that
sense, were Calvinists (as were many of their earlier opponents), but they also took
note of radical views critical of Zwingli in Zurich and Calvin in Geneva. In church
polity, some advocated for separation from all other Christians, in favour of
autonomous gathered churches. These separatist and independent strands of
Puritanism became prominent in the 1640s, when the supporters of a Presbyterian
polity in the Westminster Assembly were unable to forge a new English national
church, which eventually led to the English Civil War.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritan
This helps clarify the Puritan and Quaker discord. As stated above, the Quakers were not
members of the Church of England nor any other established church. The Pilgrim founders
required all able bodied men to apply and be approved as freeman. The keystone of being
a freeman was your acceptance and participation in the Puritans stricter orthodox
version of the Church of England. The Quakers declined to apply as a freeman.
Those that did decline, including Roger Williams, were banished to present day
Rhode Island. Williams named his colony the Rhode Island Colony and Providence
Plantation. There was another group of people banished to Rhode Island, the followers of
Anne Hutchinson.
Hutchinson espoused a "covenant of grace," while accusing all of the local ministers
(except for Cotton and her husband's brother-in-law, John Wheelwright) of preaching a
"covenant of works." Following complaints of many ministers about the opinions coming
from Hutchinson and her allies, the situation erupted into what is commonly called the
Antinomian Controversy, resulting in her 1637 trial, conviction, and banishment from the
colony. This was followed by a March 1638 church trial in which she was
excommunicated. With encouragement from Providence founder Roger Williams,
Hutchinson and many of her supporters established the settlement of Portsmouth in what
became the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. After her husband's
death a few years later, threats of Massachusetts taking over Rhode Island compelled
Hutchinson to move totally outside the reach of Boston, into the lands of the Dutch. She
settled with her younger children near an ancient landmark called Split Rock in what
later became The Bronx in New York City. Tensions with the native Siwanoy were high at
the time. In August 1643, during Kieft's War, Hutchinson and all but one of the 15 other
members of her household were massacred during an attack. The only survivor was her
nine-year old daughter, Susanna, who was taken captive.
Hutchinson is a key figure in the development of religious freedom in England's
American colonies and the history of women in ministry. She challenged the authority of
the ministers, exposing the subordination of women in the culture of colonial
Massachusetts. She is honored by Massachusetts with a State House monument calling
her a "courageous exponent of civil liberty and religious toleration." She has been called
the most famous, or infamous, English woman in colonial American history
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Hutchinson
Rhode Island became the home of subsets of further religious freedom seekers. People of
strong convictions and faith were the founding fathers of Rhode Island.
As this story unfolds, we will see how our eight families went from mostly an agrarian
environment to other skilled occupations on their road to wealth, prestige and power.

The second important factor was the arrival of the Industrial Revolution. Most historians
agree that the term revolution implies a relatively abrupt change, however, the industrial
revolution spanned decades built upon one invention after another. The time span for this
revolution is generally thought to be between 1760 and 1830. Many of the inventions and
improvements in textile manufacturing occurred in Great Britain.
Early Inventions
During the second half of the 17th century, cotton goods were imported from India. Because of
the competition with the wool and the linen industries, in 1700, the government placed a ban on
imported cotton goods. Cotton had become popular, however, and a home-based cotton industry
sprung up using the raw material imported from the colonies. Since much of the imported cotton
came from New England, ports on the west coast of Britain, such as Liverpool, Bristol and
Glasgow, became important in determining the sites of the cotton industry. Of course, the wool
and linen manufacturers made sure that many restrictions were imposed on the import of cotton,
but, as cotton had become fashionable, there was little they could do to stop the trend.
Lancashire became a center for the cotton industry because the damp climate was better for
spinning the yarn. Also, because the cotton thread was not strong enough, "fustian" wool or linen
had to be used to make the warp for weaving. Lancashire was also a wool center.
Two processes are necessary in the production of cotton goods from the raw material - spinning
and weaving. At first, these were very much home-based, "cottage" industries. The spinning
process, using the spinning wheel, was slow and the weavers were often held up by the lack of
thread. In the 1760s, James Hargreaves improved thread production when he invented the
Spinning Jenny. By the end of the decade, Richard Arkwright had developed the Water Frame.
This invention had two important consequences. Firstly, it improved the quality of the thread,
which meant that the cotton industry was no longer dependent on wool or linen to make the
warp. Secondly, it took spinning away from the home-bases to specific areas where fast-flowing
streams could provide water power for the larger machines. The west Pennines of Lancashire
became the center for the cotton industry. Not long after the invention of the Water Frame,
Samuel Crompton combined the principals of the Spinning Jenny and the Water Frame to
produce his Spinning Mule. This provided even tougher and finer cotton thread.
These inventions turned the tables, and it was the weavers who found it hard to keep up with the
supply of thread. In 1770, John Kay's Flying Shuttle loom, which had been invented in 1733 and
doubled a weaver's productivity and was widely in use. In conjunction with the Spinning Frame,
this new loom was used in factories built in Derbyshire, Lancashire and Scotland.
The textile industry was also to benefit from other developments of the period. As early as 1691,
Thomas Savery had made a vacuum steam engine. His design, which was unsafe, was improved
by Thomas Newcomen in 1698. In 1765, James Watt further modified Newcomen's engine to
design an external condenser steam engine. Watt continued to make improvements on his design,
producing a separate condenser engine in 1774 and a rotating separate condensing engine in
1781. Watt formed a partnership with a businessman called Matthew Boulton, and together they
manufactured steam engines which could be used by industry.
In 1785, the Reverend Edmund Cartwright invented the power loom. His invention was
perfected over a ten year period by William Horrocks. Henry Cort replaced the early wooden
machines with new machines made of iron. These new iron machines needed coal, rather than
charcoal, to produce the steam to drive them.
In 1734 in Bury, Lancashire, John Kay invented the flying shuttle one of the first of a series
of inventions associated with the cotton industry. The flying shuttle increased the width of cotton
cloth and speed of production of a single weaver at a loom.
[4]
Resistance by workers to the
perceived threat to jobs delayed the widespread introduction of this technology, even though the
higher rate of production generated an increased demand for spun cotton.


Shuttles
In 1738, Lewis Paul (one of the community of Huguenot weavers that had been driven out of
France in a wave of religious persecution) settled in Birmingham and with John Wyatt, of that
town, they patented the Roller Spinning machine and the flyer-and-bobbin system, for drawing
wool to a more even thickness. Using two sets of rollers that travelled at different speeds yarn
could be twisted and spun quickly and efficiently. This was later used in the first cotton spinning
mill during the Industrial Revolution.
1742: Paul and Wyatt opened a mill in Birmingham which used their new rolling machine
powered by donkey; this was not profitable and was soon closed.
1743: A factory opened in Northampton, fifty spindles turned on five of Paul and Wyatt's
machines proving more successful than their first mill. This operated until 1764.
1748: Lewis Paul invented the hand driven carding machine. A coat of wire slips were placed
around a card which was then wrapped around a cylinder. Lewis's invention was later developed
and improved by Richard Arkwright and Samuel Crompton, although this came about under
great suspicion after a fire at Daniel Bourn's factory in Leominster which specifically used Paul
and Wyatt's spindles. Bourn produced a similar patent in the same year.
1758: Paul and Wyatt based in Birmingham improved their roller spinning machine and took out
a second patent. Richard Arkwright later used this as the model for his water frame.
Start of the Revolution
In 1761, the Duke of Bridgewater's canal connected Manchester to the coal fields of Worsley and
in 1762, Matthew Boulton opened the Soho Foundry engineering works in Handsworth,
Birmingham. His partnership with Scottish engineer James Watt resulted, in 1775, in the
commercial production of the more efficient Watt steam engine which used a separate condenser.
In 1764, James Hargreaves is credited as inventor of the spinning jenny which multiplied the
spun thread production capacity of a single worker initially eightfold and subsequently much
further. Others
[5]
credit the original invention to Thomas Highs. Industrial unrest and a failure to
patent the invention until 1770 forced Hargreaves from Blackburn, but his lack of protection of
the idea allowed the concept to be exploited by others. As a result, there were over 20,000
Spinning Jennies in use by the time of his death. Again in 1764, Thorp Mill, the first water-
powered cotton mill in the world was constructed at Royston, Lancashire, England. It was used
for carding cotton.
[6]



Arkwright's Cromford Mill.
Richard Arkwright used waterwheels to power textile machinery. His first spinning mill,
Cromford Mill, Derbyshire, was built in 1771. It contained his invention the water frame. Frame
is another name for the machinery for spinning or weaving. The water frame was developed from
the spinning frame that Arkwright had developed with (a different) John Kay, from Warrington.
The original design was again claimed by Thomas Highs, which he claimed he had patented in
1769.
[7]
Initial attempts at driving the frame had used horse power, but the innovation of using a
waterwheel demanded a location with a ready supply of water, hence the mill at Cromford. This
mill is preserved as part of the Derwent Valley Mills in some ways it was modelled on Matthew
Boulton and John Fothergill's Soho Manufactory. Arkwright protected his investment from
industrial rivals and potentially disruptive workers. He generated jobs and constructed
accommodation for his workers, this led to a sizeable industrial community. Arkwright expanded
his operations to other parts of the country.
Samuel Crompton of Bolton combined elements of the spinning jenny and water frame in 1779,
creating the spinning mule. This mule produced a stronger thread than the water frame could.
Thus in 1780, there were two viable hand operated spinning system that could be easily adapted
to run by power of water.
[8]
As early mules were suitable for producing yarn for use in the
manufacture of muslin, and which were known as the muslin wheel or the Hall i' th' Wood
(pronounced Hall-ith-wood) wheel. As with Kay and Hargreaves, Crompton was not able to
exploit his invention for his own profit, and died a pauper.
In 1783 a mill was built in Manchester at Shudehill, at the highest point in the city away from the
river. Shudehill Mill was powered by a 30ft diameter waterwheel. Two storage ponds were built,
and the water from one passed from one to the other turning the wheel. A steam driven pump
returned the water to the higher reservoir. The steam engine was of the atmospheric type.
[8]
An
improvement devised by Joshua Wrigley, trialed in Chorlton-upon-Medlock used two Savery
engines to supplement the river in driving on overshot waterwheel.
[9]

In 1784, Edmund Cartwright invented the power loom
[4]
and produced a prototype in the
following year. His initial venture to exploit this technology failed, although his advances were
recognized by others in the industry. Others such as Robert Grimshaw (whose factory was
destroyed in 1790 as part of the growing reaction against the mechanization of the industry) and
Austin [4] developed the ideas further.
In the 1790s industrialists, such as John Marshall at Marshall's Mill in Leeds, started to work on
ways to apply some of the techniques which had proved so successful in cotton to other
materials, such as flax.
In 1803, William Radcliffe invented the dressing frame which was patented under the name of
Thomas Johnson which enabled power looms to operate continuously.
Later developments
For further details of the operation and history of looms, see Power loom.
For further details of the operation and history of spinning mules, see Spinning Mule.
With the Cartwright Loom, the Spinning Mule and the Boulton & Watt steam engine, the pieces
were in place to build a mechanized textile industry. From this point there were no new
inventions, but a continuous improvement in technology as the mill-owner strove to reduce cost
and improve quality. Developments in the transport infrastructure - the canals and, after 1831,
the railways - facilitated the import of raw materials and export of finished cloth.
Firstly, the use of water power to drive mills was supplemented by steam driven water pumps,
and then superseded completely by the steam engines. For example Samuel Greg joined his
uncle's firm of textile merchants, and, on taking over the company in 1782, he sought out a site
to establish a mill Quarry Bank Mill was built on the River Bollin at Styal in Cheshire. It was
initially powered by a water wheel, but installed steam engines in 1810.
[10]
In 1830, the average
power of a mill engine was 48hp, but Quarry Bank mill installed a new 100hp water wheel.
[11]

This was to change in 1836, when Horrocks & Nuttall, Preston took delivery of 160hp double
engine. William Fairbairn addressed the problem of line-shafting and was responsible for
improving the efficiency of the mill. In 1815 he replaced the wooden turning shafts that drove
the machines at 50rpm, to wrought iron shafting working at 250 rpm, these were a third of the
weight of the previous ones and absorbed less power.
[11]



A Roberts loom in a weaving shed in 1835. Note the wrought iron shafting, fixed to the cast iron
columns
Secondly, in 1830, using an 1822 patent, Richard Roberts manufactured the first loom with a cast
iron frame, the Roberts Loom.
[4]
In 1842 James Bullough and William Kenworthy, made the
Lancashire Loom . It is a semi-automatic power loom. Although it is self-acting, it has to be
stopped to recharge empty shuttles. It was the mainstay of the Lancashire cotton industry for a
century, when the Northrop Loom invented in 1894 with an automatic weft replenishment
function gained ascendancy.
Number of Looms in UK
Year 1803 1820 1829 1833 1857
Looms 2400 14650 55500 100000 250000
[12]





Roberts self-acting mule with quadrant gearing
Thirdly, also in 1830, Richard Roberts patented the first self-acting mule. Stalybridge mule
spinners strike was in 1824 this stimulated research into the problem of applying power to the
winding stroke of the mule.
[13]
The draw while spinning had been assisted by power, but the push
of the wind had been done manually by the spinner, the mule could be operated by semiskilled
labor. Before 1830, the spinner would operate a partially powered mule with a maximum of 400
spindles after, self-acting mules with up to 1300 spindles could be built.
[14]


The savings that could be made with this technology were considerable. A worker spinning
cotton at a hand-powered spinning wheel in the 18th century would take more than 50,000 hours
to spin 100lb of cotton; by the 1790s, the same quantity could be spun in 300 hours by mule, and
with a self-acting mule it could be spun by one worker in just 135 hours.
The following illustration provides a glimpse of the complete cotton spinning process.

As noted, the American Colonies were already growing cotton and exporting it to England by
the latter part of the 17
th
century. Once the equipment and processes had been developed
and refined in England, it was a natural step for the still fledgling United States to take their
locally grown cotton and turn it into cloth. From colonial times, the northeast had pockets of
manufacturing. For Example, New Hampshire was the center of show making, Boston made
hats and ships, the fishing industry flourished from Gloucester to Cape Cod (to eventually
include whaling). The vast majority of the early settlers were farmers, hover, as the
decades passed localized industries were established which provided needed goods and
services. As we will see below, many of the eight families followed this pattern.
Export of technology
While profiting from expertise arriving from overseas (e.g. Louis Paul), Britain was very
protective of home-grown technology. In particular, engineers with skills in constructing the
textile mills and machinery were not permitted to immigrate particularly to the fledgling
America.
Horse power (17801790)
The earliest cotton mills in the United States were horse powered. The first mill to use this
method was the Beverly Cotton Manufactory, built in Beverly, Massachusetts. It was started
August 18, 1788 by entrepreneur John Cabot and brothers. It was operated in joint by
Moses Brown, Israel Thorndike, Joshua Fisher, Henry Higginson, and Deborah Higginson
Cabot. The Salem Mercury reported that in April 1788 that the equipment for the mill was
complete, consisting of a spinning jenny, a carding machine, warping machine, and other
tools. That same year the mill's location was finalized and built in the rural outsets of North
Beverly. The location had the presence of natural water, but it was cited the water was used
for upkeep of the horses and cleaning of equipment, and not for mass-production.
Much of the internal designs of the Beverly mill were hidden due to concerns of competitors
stealing designs. The beginning efforts were all researched behind closed doors, even to the
point that the owners of the mill set up milling equipment on their estates to experiment
with the process. There were no published articles describing exactly how their process
worked in detail. Additionally, the mill's horse powered technology was quickly dwarfed by
new water-powered methods.
Slater
Following the creation of the United States, an engineer who had worked as an apprentice
to Arkwright's partner Jedediah Strutt evaded the ban. In 1789, Samuel Slater took his
skills in designing and constructing factories to New England, and he was soon engaged in
reproducing the textile mills that helped America with its own industrial revolution.
Local inventions spurred this on, and in 1793 Eli Whitney invented and patented the cotton
gin, which sped up the processing of raw cotton by over 350 times.


The Progenitors and Early Quaker Families
The Gardner Family

As anyone who has done any genealogy research knows, surnames can be a moving target.
In the case of the Gardner family, their surname was also spelled as Gardiner/Gardener in
many early records. We are going to use the Gardner spelling throughout this document.
George:
Born 1598 in Greenford Magna, Middlesex, England. His parents were Father:
Michael Gardner b: 1552 and Mother: Margaret Browne b: 1562 both of England.
George sailed in the ship "Fellowship" of Bristol, and arrived in Boston June
29, 1637. In October, 1638, he was residing on Aquidneck Island, Rode
Island. In 1662 he acquired by deed from one of the Narragansett Sachems,
a tract measuring five by one and one-half miles in the "Narragansett
Country" now called Aquidneck Island, which is the location of Newport and
Portsmouth (www.geni.com).
FIGURE 1: NARRAGANSETT BAY
His common law wife and mother of his children was Herodias Long. According to the
book The Gardiners of Narragansett, Herodias was a Quaker of strong faith with
no record of her father or mother discovered.
The first seven generations of the Gardiner/Gardner family can be found online in the
Gardiners of Narragansett (Robinson).
As an original land owner, he raised cattle, sheep and crops on his extensive
holdings.

The Anthony Family
John:
Born 1607 in Hempstead, Middlesex, England. Father: Dr. John Anthony b: 1585 and
Mother: Sarah Thornton b: 1583 both of England
Arrived US via 'HERCULES' June, 1634
Source: www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Hercules%2C_sailed_Mar_24%2C_1633/4
He married in 1637 Susanna Potter, b.1618, in Portsmouth, Newport, Rhode Island
where John resided. They had 10 children. The first Isabella b. 1612 is not a match
for Susanna.
It was in 1637 when we him as a resident of Portsmouth, R.I., where his
descendants have made their home ever since. In 1641 he was made a freeman of
Portsmouth and shortly afterwards became a corporal in the military company of
the settlement. He was the recipient of a grant of land at 'Wading River' in 1644,
and on May 25, 1655, had authority granted him to keep a house of entertainment
at Portsmouth. He was commissioner in 1661, and a deputy to the General Court
from 1666 to 1672.
The Anthony family is one of the oldest settled families in the State of Rhode
Island, the American progenitor of the family having been a resident of
Portsmouth as early as 1640. Middletown has been the home of many members of
this family for generations, and that town is still the abiding-place of two worthy
representatives of the name in the persons of Miss Susan A. Anthony and
Abraham Anthony. The first of the name in New England was one John Anthony,
or Anthonie, as he wrote his name. The first known of the family was one William
Anthony, who was born in 1495, in Cologne, Germany. He had three sons, the
youngest, Francis, having been goldsmith and jeweler to Queen Elizabeth. The
genealogy of the Anthony family in America will be found in detail elsewhere in
these volumes.
Source: http://www.geni.com/people/John-
Anthony/6000000014100388432?through=6000000000421574831

The Borden Family
Richard
Born 1594 in 1595 in Headcorn, Kent, England.
Richard came to New England in the ship Elizabeth and Ann in 1635, accompanied by
his wife Joan and two children. Father: Matthew Borden b: 1563 and Mother: Joan
Reeder b: 1572 both of England. Once in Portsmouth, he became very involved in
helping to govern.
1653 AND 1654 Governor's Assistant in Portsmouth
18 MAY 1652 AND 16 MAY 1653 General Treasurer of Warwick
1654 AND 1657 Commissioner
1667 AND 1670 Deputy
The Slade Family
William
Born 1638 in Axminster, Devon, England and died in 1682 at Newport, RI.
William came to America via a six year stint in Barbados, West Indies as Yeoman or
Servant. He arrived in Rhode Island in 1658. He married, in 1662, Frances Sylvester
b.1640 in Cumberland, Providence, Rhode Island, USA who died 1693 in Newport
County, Rhode Island, USA. His father, Edward, was b.1620 in Bristol, Somerset,
England and d. 1681 in Axminster, Devon, England. Mother unknown.

The Durfee Family
Thomas
Born 16 Oct 1643 in Portsmouth, Newport, Rhode Island, USA died 1712 in
Portsmouth. His common law wife was Ann Hill Tallman. Thomas was an indentured
servant in the household and had an affair with Ann. Peter Tallman was granted a
divorce from Ann and Ann and Thomas got back together. They had five children
together.

The Hathaway Family
Nicholas
Born 1595 in Kingscote, Gloucestershire, England d. 1640 in Taunton


The Chase family
William
Arrived with Winthrop Fleet in 1630.
Thomas and Aquila
Arrived in 1640.


The Brayton Family
Francis
The Brayton family is an interesting study since they have familial connections with all
seven of the other key families: the Gardners, the Anthonys, the Bordens, the Slades, the
Durfees, the Hathaways and the Chases. These connections will prove very important as the
Industrial revolution hits Fall River.
Francis, the immigrant ancestor and founder of the family in America, was born in England,
in 1611-12. He came to this country as a young man, and was admitted as an inhabitant of
Portsmouth, Rhode Island, as early as the year 1643. Eight years later, in 1655, he was
made a freeman, and in 1662-63 was chosen to represent Portsmouth in the General Court.
He served as deputy to the General Court in 1669-70, 1678, and 1684. In 1667 he enlisted
in the troop of horse which was maintained for the common defense, and generally played
an important part in the life of the community.
Francis married Mary Amsden (1616-1692) in England where they had the first two of their
children. The remaining four children were born in Portsmouth, Newport, Rhode Island.




Family Progenitor Arrival Ship Date Religion
Gardner George Boston Fellowship Jun 1637 Quaker
Anthony John New England Hercules Jun 1634
Borden Richard New England Elizabeth
and Ann
1634
Chase William New England Winthrop
Fleet
1630


You can see the Quakers were part of the Great Migration while the last four families all
came afterwards.


Where do we go from here?

We need to follow the key people in each family all the way to the mills
Then we need to follow them after to see what happened to the families.
Maybe show it in a timeline chart.
Definitely show the inter family marriages


Minor Textile families: Shove, Flint, Warren
Slade William Portsmouth via
Barbados
Unknown 1658
Durfee Job/Thomas New England ? 1638-1639
Hathaway Nicholas Massachusetts ? 1639
Brayton Francis Portsmouth, RI ? 1642