II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -¨¡Ÿ-véπ-¢√®Ωç 24 -´÷-Ja 2006

Sugandhi: I thought (that) you were not in Now look at the clauses in the conversation at
town. the beginning of the lesson.
(†’´¤y Ü∞x ™‰´-†’-èπ◊Ø√o) Subordinate clause Main clause
Supushpa: True; I phoned you yesterday that 1. (that) you were not in town I thought
we were going to our village, but
(†’´¤y Ü∞x-™‰-´E) (؈-†’-èπ◊Ø√o)
we dropped the idea because we
2. (that) We were going to I phoned you
had relatives coming suddenly.
our village Fèπ◊ phone
(Eï¢Ë’. E†o Fèπ◊ §∂ÚØ˛ îËÆœ† ´÷ô
¢√Ææh-´¢Ë’– ¢Ë’ç ´÷ ÜJéÀ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o-´’E, (¢Ë’ç ´÷ ÜÈ®-∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o-´’E) î˨»†’.
é¬F ´÷ØË-ߪ÷Lq ´*açC, sudden í¬ 3. because we had relatives But we dropped
´÷ ö«d©’ ®√´ôç ´©x). coming. the idea. III. a) †’´¤y ÉçúÕߪ÷ Èí©-´-í∫-©-ü¿E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o¢√? ÉO ´÷ö«x-úË-ô°æ¤púø’ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-´-©-Æœ† N≠æ-ߪ÷©’.
Sugandhi: In fact surekha was about to start ö«d-™Ô-Ææ’h-†oç-ü¿’-´©x Ç Ç™- Do you think (that) India can win the ´’† practice †’ •öÀd Å©-¢√-ô-´¤-û√®·.
for your place yesterday. I told her ´÷†’-èπ◊Ø√oç match ? (b)
éÀçü¿ îª÷úøçúÕ. PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING
(that) you were away and she 4. (that) you were away I told her b) India
†’´¤y Èí©-´-í∫-©’-í∫’-ûª’ç-ü¿-†’-èπ◊-Ø√o¢√? Ravikanth:
Féπ®Ωnç Å´¤-ûÓçü∆ ÅûªØËç ÅØ√oúÓ?
stopped. She said (that) she did not Did you think (that) India could win the Sreekanth:
ûÁ©’-Ææ÷hØË ÖçC. ûª†’ E†o Ééπ\-úÕéÀ
O’®Ω’ Ü∞x ™‰®ΩE ؈’ -Ç-¢Á’-ûÓ îÁ§ƒp†’ match?
know about your plan to go to your
®√™‰-ü¿E -Å-ûª-úø’ -îÁ-§ƒp-úø’.
5. (that) you would be Why didn't you
IV. a) Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’çîËߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´-îªaE ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o Ravikanth: Å®·ûË †’´y-ØËC Åûª-E-éπ\úø E†o
village. away tell them? I think (that) he may not help me. ÖØ√o-úøØ√?
(ÅÆæ©’ E†o Ææ’Í®ê O’ ÉçöÀÍé •ßª’-™‰l- O’®Ω’ç-úø-®ΩE ¢√∞¡xûÓ áçü¿’èπ◊ b) Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´-îªaE ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o. Sreekanth: Åûª-úÕ-E E†o Ééπ\úø îª÷Æœ-†-ô’xí¬ Ø√èπ◊
JçC. O’®Ω’ ™‰®ΩE ؈’ îÁGûË ÇT-§Ú- îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’? ¶«í¬ í∫’®Ω’h.
Ravikanth: ´’†ç Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ èπÿú≈ îÁ§ƒhç. ¢√∞¡xèπÿ
®·çC. O’®Ω’ Ü®Ω’ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh†o Ææçí∫A 6. (that) he would talk Father told them
ûª†èπÿ ûÁLߪ’ü¿çC).
to the boy's father Ø√†o- ¢√∞¡xûÓ ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC Åûª†’ E†o Ééπ\úø ÖØ√o-úøE.
Supushpa: We were sorry (that) we missed a
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 131
é¬E Åûª†’ ´÷vûªç í∫çô éÀçü¿ô
few days of quiet at our village.
Ŷ«s®· ûªçvúÕûÓ ÅØ√o®Ω’. ÅØ√oúø’ ûªE-éπ\-úÕéÀ ®√™‰-ü¿E.
(v°æߪ÷ùç ÇT-§Ú-ßË’-Ææ-JéÀ, éÌCl-®Ó-V© ´÷ö«x-úø-û√-†E Sreekanth: O.K. Å®·ûË á´®Ω’ †´·t-û√®Ω’?
°æ™„x-ô÷J v°æ¨»ç-ûªûª éÓ™p-ߪ÷-´’E

He knows (that) she has come

¶«üµ¿-°æú≈fç.)
(quiet = v°æ¨»ç-ûªûª)
Sugandhi: Why didn't you tell your relatives
that you would be away?
(O’®Ω’ç-úø-®ΩE O’ •çüµ¿’-´¤-©ûÓ áçü¿’èπ◊
îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’?) I thought (that) he ANSWER
Supushpa: They were coming with an alliance
É°æ¤púø’ î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç: °j sentences might not help me. Ravikanth: Do you understand what he has
for my elder sister. The boy is a
™ Main Clause Verb, Subordinate Clause V. a) ¢√úø’ §ƒ-ÂÆj-ûË Øˆ’ said?
Verb í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Main Clause Verb past
bank officer. ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-≤ƒh-†ç-ô’Ø√o Sreekanth: It is clear - he says that he did not
tense Å®·ûË, subordinate Clause Verb èπÿú≈
(¢√∞¡Ÿx ´÷ Åéπ\-éÓÆæç Ææç•çüµ¿ç BÆæ’-éÌ- I say (that) I shall be come here yesterday.
past tense éπü∆. îª÷úøçúÕ: happy if he passes
Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. Ç Å¶«s®· ¶«uçé˙ Ç°∂‘-Ææ®˝) Ravikanth: (Do) you mean he was here yester-
Main Clause Verb Sub Clause Verb b)
Alliance = Å©-ߪ’Ø˛q = (marriage alliance)
¢√úø’ §ƒÂÆjûË Øˆ’ day.
Sentence 1 Thought were ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-≤ƒh-†E ÅØ√o†’ M. SURESAN
= °Rx Ææç•çüµ¿ç; Sreekanth: I remember well that I saw him
- past tense I said (that) I should be happy if he passed.
political alliance = ®√ï-éÃߪ ’ èπÿôN’/ - Past tense here yesterday.
îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆? Main Clause said, knew,
™
Ææç•çüµ¿ç. Sentence 2 Phoned were going thought ™«çöÀ past tense verbs ´*a†°æ¤púø’ Ravikanth: Let us tell others too. They will
Eg: UPA (v°æÆæ’hûªç Íéçvü¿ç™ ÅCµ-é¬-®Ωç™ Ö†o subordinate clause would, should, could, know that he was here yesterday.
- Past tense - past tense ™
èπÿôN’) = (United People's Alliance.) might ®√´ôç. But he told me an hour ago that he
Sugandhi: Then of course you must welcome Sentence 3 dropped had Å™«Íí Main clause verb past tense Ö†o had not come here yesterday.
them. - Past tense - past tense subordinate clause verb
-îÓ-ô™«x past
èπÿú≈ Sreekanth: OK, but who will believe it?
tense
v°æ¨¡o: 1. Ç¢Á’èπ◊ á´®Ω’ ûÁ©’Ææ’? Ç¢Á’ á´-JéÀ
(Å™« Å®·ûË ¢√∞¡x†’ ≤ƒyí∫-Aç-î√-LqçüË) Sentence 4 told were ™ØË Öçô’çC.
- Past tense - past tense I a) Ç¢Á’ ´*aç-ü¿E Åûª-úÕéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’ (í∫ûªç™)
Supushpa: Father told them that he would talk
He knew (that) she had come. -ûÁ-©’Ææ’?, -F-´¤ á´J ´ü¿lèπ◊ ¢Á∞¡-û√´¤?,
to the boy's father and took their Sentence 5 did tell (told) would be -Past
b) Ç¢Á’ ´*aç-ü¿E Åûª-úÕéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’ É°æ¤púø’ Ç¢Á’ F ´ü¿lèπ◊ ´Ææ’hçü∆?, -Ç-¢Á’ á´J
address. - Past tense (future from the past)
He knows (that) she has come. ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ ´Ææ’hç-C?, Ç¢Á’ á´J °æéπ\†
Sentence 6 told would talk - Past
(´÷ Ø√†o ¢√∞¡x address BÆæ’-èπ◊E II a) Ç¢Á’ Åçü¿-í∫ûÁh ÅE ņ’-éÌç-öçC E-©’-çC?, Åûªúø’ E†’o áçü¿’èπ◊
Ŷ«s®· Ø√†oûÓ ´÷ö«x-úøû√-´’-Ø√o®Ω’). - Past tense (future from the past) She thinks (that) she is beautiful
¢Á∞¡x-´-ü¿lE ÅØ√oúø’?– OöÀE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™
b)
ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?
Sugandhi: That's good news (¨¡Ÿ¶µº-¢√®Ωh) In all the sentences above, the
îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆: Ç¢Á’ Åçü¿-í∫ûÁh ÅE ņ’-éÌ-ØËC (í∫ûªç™) 2. I alone can do it. I can do it alone.

Last lesson *´®Ω É*a† tense table main clause verb is in the past tense, so the She thought (that) she was beautiful.
III a)
Ñ È®çöÀéà ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?
subordinate clause verb too is in the past ¢√úÕéà N≠æߪ’ç ûÁ-L-ߪ’ü¿E ÇPç-î√†’ =
í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆. ´’®Ó-≤ƒJ í∫’®Ω’h îËÆæ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. 3. She was tired with riding.
tense. That is the rule we have to follow in I hope (that) he doesn't know about it.
She was tired of riding. ûËú≈ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ.
– - >. Ææ÷®Ωu-ûËï, ®√´’-îªç-vü∆-°æ¤®Ωç
conversation. If the main clause verb is in b) ¢√úÕéà N≠æߪ’ç ûÁL-ߪ’-ü¿E ÇPç-î√†’.
PRESENT TENSE
the past tense, the subordinate clause verb I hoped (that) he did not know about it.
a) am is are b) am is are -ûÓ- c) I RDW 1. Ç¢Á’èπ◊ á´®Ω’ ûÁ©’Ææ’? = Who (whom) does
too must be in the past tense. So, remember: If the main clause verb is in
combinations II RDW she know? (whom É°æ¤púø’ Åçûªí¬ ¢√úøôç
2) Main clause past tense verb
™ ¢√ú≈-´’-†’-éÓçúÕ: past tense, the subordinate clause verb is
d) have, has e) have, has f) can could subordinate clause
Å°æ¤púø’ will, shall, can,
™ also in the past tense. Main clause verb ™‰ü¿’). Ç¢Á’ á´-JéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’ = Who knows her?
combinations may would, should, could, might
èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ present tense future tense
í¬F í¬F Å®·ûË, F´¤ á´J ´ü¿lèπ◊ ¢Á∞«h´¤? = Who do you go
´®Ω-Ææí¬ ´≤ƒh®·. ÉC conversation ™ §ƒöÀç-î√- subordinate clause tense to?/ Who will you go to? (É™«çöÀîÓôx èπÿú≈
PAST TENSE (Å®Ωnç îÁúø-èπ◊çú≈) à
Lq† Å稡ç. Å®·Ø√ ÖçúÌa. conversational English ™ whom ¢√úøéπç ûªT_-
a) was were b) was were -ûÓ- c) past doing
I. a) Åûªúø’ ´’®Ω’-Ææ-öÀ-®ÓV ´≤ƒh-†-Ø√oúø’ a) Åûªúø’ E†o ´î√a-úøE Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’ = §Ú-ûÓçC). Does/ Will she come to you?
combinations word
He said (that) he would come the next day. I know that he came yesterday (does ´÷´‚-©’í¬/ will future ™). Who
d) had e) had ûÓ f) could would (b)
DEo éÀçü¿ ûÓ §Ú©açúÕ: b) O’®Ω’ E†o éÌûªh 鬮Ω’ éÌØ√o-®ΩE Åûª-†ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’ = does/ will she come to? Who did she stand
combinations b)Åûª†’ Í®§Ò-≤ƒh-†ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’ He says that you bought a new car yesterday. by?/ Stand next to?/ Whose side did she
FUTURE TENSE He says (that) he will come tomorrow. c) E†o †’´¤y absent ÅE O’ Ø√†oûÓ îÁ§ƒh†’ stand by?/ Who did she stand beside?
shall, will forms -Å-Fo II. a)¢√∞Ôx-≤ƒh-®ΩE Åûª-E-éÀ-°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’≤ƒ? I will tell your father that you were absent Why did he tell you not to go?
Does he know (that) they will come yesterday. 2. I alone can do it = ؈’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ îËߪ’-í∫-©†’.
Main clause, subordinate clauses í∫’®Ω’h-Ø√o®· (b)
-É°æ¤p-úø’ ûÓ §Ú©açúÕ: îª÷úøçúÕa) b)
™, Main clause - present,
™ I can do it alone =
(ÉçÈé-´®Ω÷ îËߪ’-™‰®Ω’) ؈C
éπü∆. (Main clause - meaning complete; sub- b) ¢√∞Ôx-≤ƒh-®ΩE Åûª-E-éÀç-ûª-èπ◊-´·çüË ûÁ©’≤ƒ? subordinate clause - past c) Main clause
™ äçô-Jí¬ (Éûª-®Ω’© Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈) îËߪ’-í∫-©†’.
ordinate clause - meaning incomplete). Did he know (that) they would come. - future, subordinate clause - past. 3. She was tired of riding, correct.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm