Construction Project Management A Practical Guide to Field Construction Management 5th Edition S. Keoki Sears Glenn A. Sears Richard H. Clough John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. 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Sears, S. Keoki. III. Title. TH438.C62 2008 692.8dc22 2007032130 Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Preface vii 1 Construction Practices 1 2 Management System 17 3 Project Cost Estimating 31 4 Project Planning 63 5 Project Scheduling 85 6 Production Planning 129 7 Project Time Acceleration 147 8 Resource Management 173 9 Project Time Management 197 10 Project Cost System 223 11 Project Financial Management 259 12 Scheduling Applications 285 Appendix A Highway Bridge Bid-Item Summary Sheets 309 Appendix B SI Unit Highway Bridge Bid-Item Summary Sheets 323 Appendix C Highway Bridge Project Outline 345 Appendix D Arrow Notation 347 Appendix E The PERT Procedure 367 Appendix F Analysis of Estimating Accuracy 373 Appendix G Highway Bridge Case Studies 381 Index 395 v Preface This book is about Critical Path Method (CPM)based planning and scheduling as applied to the construction industry. The books distinguish- ing feature is the use of one example project throughout to demonstrate planning, scheduling, project acceleration, resource management, time control, nancial control and the project cost system. The example project is a highway bridge. It has been suggested that a building project might be more appropriate for many readers. We have seriously considered that suggestion, although the complexity of even a simple building tends to obscure project man- agement fundamentals in logistical detail and diminish the clarity of the book. The bridge example, although a civil engineering project, typies the basics of construction by incorporating critical aspects of most construction projects: the construction of foundations, concrete work, structural steel, and nish work, all of which require labor and equipment supervision, subcontractor management, and material expediting. The entire highway bridge project takes 10 weeks to construct and can be completely illustrated in 70 distinct activities. This fth edition has been updated with current labor, material, and equipment pricing and includes a complete estimate for the highway bridge. Scheduling and management concepts, such as Work Breakdown Structures (WBS) and the Earned Value Management System (EVMS), are developed in this edition. An estimate in SI units is included in Appendix B for readers outside the United States. Of particular interest is Chapter 6, which includes discussions of pro- duction planning as it affects personnel, safety, quality, paperwork, and material control. A site layout drawing shows the location of temporary buildings, formwork fabrication, material laydown and staging area, re extinguishers, and rst aid kits. Much of the information in this chapter is gleaned from years of construction experience and is unique to this text. For generations Men, Machines, Materials, Methods, and Money have been the ve Ms of construction. Efcient usage of these ve resources vii viii Preface is the essence of construction management. However, in recent years, an important change in these basic resources has occurred. Women now constitute an important part of the construction industry. They occupy responsible positions in the eld trades and at all levels of management. Construction terms like journeyman, foreman, and piledriverman have been used in the industry for literally hundreds of years. Because such words are the only ones generally recognized, these words are used in this text but are not meant in any way to imply gender. At times, the word he or him is used as a singular pronoun. Such use of the masculine gender is done solely for the sake of readability and has no presumption of gender. The authors of this text recognize and applaud the important contribution that women have made and are making to the construction industry. This book teaches a method for capturing, modeling, and viewing the entirety of a construction project so that it can be effectively planned and managed from start to nish. Consequently, many of the illustrations are quite large and presented on extra-wide pages called tip-ins. Due to production limitations, these tip-ins can only be inserted at specic intervals throughout the book rather than at the point they are referenced. Where a tip-in is referenced, guidance is provided on where to locate the gure within the text. In some cases, the tip-ins are located in the chapter following the point where they are referenced. This fthedition represents 37 years of publication andthree generations of authors. We trust that this fully updated edition will continue as a principal reference for todays professionals and an instructive guide for tomorrows constructors. S. Keoki Sears, London, England Glenn A. Sears, Durango, Colorado January 2008