This document outlines the steps required to design a photovoltaic (PV) system. It begins by listing the input data needed for sizing a PV system, such as daily load requirements, irradiation data, and component specifications. It then provides an example off-grid design that calculates the total system load, battery requirements, number of modules, and number of batteries. The final steps involve completing the balance of system components, determining if a backup generator is needed, obtaining permits, and finalizing the mounting and grounding design. The overall process involves iterative calculations to optimize costs and design the system.
This document outlines the steps required to design a photovoltaic (PV) system. It begins by listing the input data needed for sizing a PV system, such as daily load requirements, irradiation data, and component specifications. It then provides an example off-grid design that calculates the total system load, battery requirements, number of modules, and number of batteries. The final steps involve completing the balance of system components, determining if a backup generator is needed, obtaining permits, and finalizing the mounting and grounding design. The overall process involves iterative calculations to optimize costs and design the system.
This document outlines the steps required to design a photovoltaic (PV) system. It begins by listing the input data needed for sizing a PV system, such as daily load requirements, irradiation data, and component specifications. It then provides an example off-grid design that calculates the total system load, battery requirements, number of modules, and number of batteries. The final steps involve completing the balance of system components, determining if a backup generator is needed, obtaining permits, and finalizing the mounting and grounding design. The overall process involves iterative calculations to optimize costs and design the system.
Input Data Required For PV System Sizing Sizing The daily or hourly load requirements during a The daily or hourly load requirements during a typical year typical year The required security of supply, taing into The required security of supply, taing into account the !ac"up source, if any# account the !ac"up source, if any# The mean daily irradiation in the plane of the The mean daily irradiation in the plane of the array at the chosen site for e$ery month of a array at the chosen site for e$ery month of a typical year# typical year#
Data Required cont%d Data Required cont%d The ma&imum num!er of consecuti$e sunless days liely The ma&imum num!er of consecuti$e sunless days liely to !e e&perienced# to !e e&perienced# The mean daily am!ient temperature for e$ery month of The mean daily am!ient temperature for e$ery month of a typical year# a typical year# The estimated cell temperature rise a!o$e am!ient of the The estimated cell temperature rise a!o$e am!ient of the modules in the array# modules in the array# Typical current"$oltage characteristics of the module at Typical current"$oltage characteristics of the module at $arious irradiances# $arious irradiances#
Data Required cont%d Data Required cont%d The selected D' !us $oltage# The selected D' !us $oltage# The ma&imum allo(a!le depth of discharge of The ma&imum allo(a!le depth of discharge of the !attery# the !attery# The estimated percentage energy losses in the The estimated percentage energy losses in the !attery, po(er conditioning equipment and !attery, po(er conditioning equipment and control system# control system# The estimated losses in the array from module The estimated losses in the array from module mismatch, ca!les and $oltage drop across mismatch, ca!les and $oltage drop across !locing diodes# !locing diodes# The estimated losses from dust and shading# The estimated losses from dust and shading#
Types of )ateri al s J Single Crystal J Polycrystalline J Thin-Film
*ff"+rid Design
*ff"+rid Design ,&le Step -. Determine the D' /oad# D' De$ice De$ice 0 1ours of 2 D' 3att"1rs 3atts Daily 4se per Day Refrigerator 56 78 -,886 /ighting fi&tures -96 8 566 De$ice : -7 ; <5 Total D' 3att"hrs=Day >:? 7,-@5
Step 7. Determine the :' /oad, 'on$ert to D' :' De$ice De$ice 0 1ours of 2 :' 3att"1rs 3atts Daily 4se per Day De$ice A -B9 5 -,696 Pump ;6 6#9 86 Tele$ision -B9 7 @96 Total :' 3att"hrs=Day -,886 Di$ided !y 6#;9 CIn$erter, lossesD Total D' 3hrs=Day >A? -,5<8
Step @. Determine the Total System /oad Total D' /oads >:? 7,-@5 Total D' /oads >A? -,5<8 Total System /oad @,;@6 3hrs=Day Step 8. Determine Total D' :mp"hours=Day Total System /oad = System Eominal Voltage 2 C@,;@6 3hrs=DayD = -7 Volts 2 @-< :mp"hrs=Day Step 9. Determine Total :mp"hr=Day (ith Aatteries Total :mp"hrs=Day 0 -#7C/osses and safety factorD @-< :mp"hrs=Day 0 -#7 2 @;7#; or @;@ :mp"hrs=Day
Step 5. Determine Total PV :rray 'urrent
Total Daily :mp"hr requirement = Design InsolationF @;@ :mp"hrs = 9#6 pea solar hrs 2 B5#5 :mps F Insolation Aased on *ptimum Tilt for Season Step B. Select PV )odule Type 'hoose AP Solar"Solare& )S0"56 module. )a& Po(er 2 56 3 CSTPD )a& 'urrent 2 @#95 :mps )a& Voltage 2 -5#; Volts Eominal *utput Voltage -7 Volts
Total PV :rray 'urrent = C)odule *perating 'urrentD 0 C)odule Derate FactorD B5#5 :mps = C@#95 :mps=)oduleDC6#<6D 2 7@#<6 modules 4se 78 )odules Step ;. Determine Eum!er of )odules in Parallel Step <. Determine Eum!er of )odules in Series System Eominal Voltage = )odule Eominal Voltage -7 Volts = C-7 Volts=moduleD 2 - )odule Step -6. Determine Total Eum!er of )odules Eum!er of modules in parallel 0 Eum!er of modules in Series 78 0 - 2 78 modules
Step --. Determine )inimum Aattery 'apacity >Total Daily :mp"hr=Day (ith Aatteries CStep 9D 0 Desired Reser$e Time CDaysD? = Percent of 4sa!le Aattery 'apacity C@;@ :mp"hrs=Day 0 @ DaysD = 6#;6 2 -,8@5 :mp"hrs Step -7. 'hoose a Aattery 4se an Interstate 47S G -66 Flooded /ead :cid Aattery Eominal Voltage 2 5 Volts Rated 'apacity 2 776 :mp"hrs
Step -@. Determine Eum!er of Aatteries in Parallel Required Aattery 'apacity CStep --D = 'apacity of Selected Aattery -,8@5 :mp"hrs = C776 :mp"hrs=AatteryD 2 5#9 4se 5 Aatteries Step -8. Determine Eum!er of Aatteries in Series Eominal System Voltage = Eominal Aattery Voltage -7 Volts = C5 Volts=AatteryD 2 7 Aatteries Step -9. Determine Total Eum!er of Aatteries Eum!er of Aatteries in Parallel 0 Eum!er of Aatteries in Series 5 0 7 2 -7 Aatteries
H " H " " H @ : -7 V @ : -7 V @ : 78 V @ : -7 V @ : -7 V H H " " H " 5 : -7 V Series. Voltage is additi$e Parallel. 'urrent is additi$e
Step -B. 'omplete Aalance of System a# 'omplete the design !y specifying the. 'harge 'ontroller In$erter 3ire Sizes CAattery (ill ha$e larger gage due to higher currentsD Fuses and Disconnects Stand!y +enerator, if needed Aattery 'harger, if needed )anual Transfer S(itch, if needed# Step -5. Determine the need for a Stand!y +enerator to reduce other 'omponents Cnum!er of )odules and AatteriesD# Se$eral iterations may !e necessary to optimize costs#
d# *!tain permits as required# !# Determine mounting method. Roof mount +round mount (ith racs +round mount (ith pole# c# :ssure proper grounding for safety# Step -B C'ont#D.