Pengenalan Sistem Elektrik,

Instalasi dan Hazardous Area

pada MODU (Mobile Offshore
Drilling Unit)
Oleh:
Pandhu A. Lakshana
Materi Tambahan untuk Kelas COGII IKBAL M. YOS Batam
Dengan Menggunakan Rujukan ABS Rules
Untuk MODU
Typical Power Plant
Turbine Generator
Main Switchboard - HV
Main Switchboard - HV
LV Switchboard
LV Switchboard & Distribution
HV and LV Switchboards
HV and LV Switchboards
A High Voltage Electrical system is defined as a system having
nominal voltage (phase to phase) exceeding 1 kV, but not to
exceed 15 kV. Onshore electrical classifications would consider
this as Medium Voltage
The selection of a high voltage system for ship service depends
from several factors and is in particular dictated by the required
generator outputs.
In general:
Low voltage system is suitable when the nominal output of each
generator is below 8000 kW
High voltage system is suitable when the nominal output of each
generator is over 10000 kW
Both systems are suitable when the nominal output of each generator
is between 8000 and 10000 kW
SAFETY FEATURE IN HV
SYSTEM
HV switchgear & control-gear assemblies
Item LV Switchgear HV Switchgear
IP Degree for
Control Room
IP22 IP32
Circuit Breaker or
Disconnecting
Switch
Plug-in type is
allowable
(Non-Withdrawable)
To be Withdrawable
Mechanical
Locking Facility
Not Applicable Applicable
Shutter for
Circuit Breaker
Not Applicable Applicable
Comparison between LV and HV switchgear:
SAFETY FEATURE IN HV
SYSTEM
HV switchgear & control-gear assemblies (Contd
Comparison between LV and HV switchgear:
Item LV Switchgear HV Switchgear
Earthing and
Short Circuiting
Facility
Not Applicable Applicable
Earth Fault
Detection
Not Applicable Applicable
(a) Runs of cables:
Not to run through accommodation space
(b) Segregation of cables:
Segregation of HV cables operating at different voltage
ratings each other
Not to install HV cables inthe
same cable tray for LV cables
SAFETY FEATURE IN HV SYSTEM
HV Cable installation
(c) Marking of cables:
Marking for Identification
Single Line Diagram
Single Line Diagram
Questions
- What is the difference between a Bus transfer feeder
and a Bus tie?
- Bus transfer feeder has 2 circuit breakers
connected and both switchboards are physically
segregated by fire proof wall or partition
Bus transfer feeder connects 2 switchboards
separated by Fire-proof wall / partition
Bus tie exists in the same cubical/ room
Single Line Diagram
1. Only G1 CB trip
2. TB will trip, followed by G1 CB
3. Only CB of feeder will trip
4. TB will trip, followed by G2 CB
Single Line Diagram
Single Line Diagram
Single Line Diagram
Single Line Diagram
Single Line Diagram
Single Line Diagram 4 split
Single Line Diagram 3 split
Single Line Diagram
Single Line Diagram
Discussion
- How many thruster will be lost if Main SWBD 1 fails ?
- Only one thruster
- If the SWBD 1 and SWBD 2 run in single bus and
assuming no protection scheme on the SWBD, then a
short circuit is occurred on the bus, how many
thrusters will be lost ?
- Three thrusters
Single Line Diagram
Single Line Diagram
Discussion
- From where the Switchboard HS1 is getting the supply ?
- Main Generator 1 and Main Generator 2
- Do the both GS on each Main Switchboard (HS1, HS2, HS3)
required to run together ?
- No, bus tie feeders between switchboards can be closed to
make synchronization between generators and share the
load
- What is the bus bar rating for Main Switchboard ?
- 11KV, 2000A, 60Hz, 31.5KA, 1 sec
- Compare to the incomer breaker, which one is bigger ? Why ?
- Incomer breaker 1250A, bus bar rating is bigger. If there is a
overcurrent exceeds the breaker rating, it is still safe for the
bus bar because the nominal current rating is bigger than its
incomer
Single Line Diagram
Discussion
- From Where Emergency Switchboard is getting the main supply
?
- From Bus A and Bus C 690V Switchgears
- If the Main Switchboard HS1 is lost, can the vessel still perform
drilling operation ?
- Yes, because drilling switchgears have three (3) independent
bus sections with NORMALLY OPEN breaker between the
sections and each having supply from each 11KV Main
Switchgear sections via transformer feeders
- If there is a fire on Main Switchboard Room HS2. What will be
happen on other SWBD (HS1 and HS3) ?
- Not affected. A60 partition bulkhead between switchgears are
available and bus tie feeders between switchgears are
NORMALLY OPEN during normal operation
Single Line Diagram
Single Line Diagram
Discussion
- If all Main switchboard run in 4 splits mode, and
SWBD MV2 is lost. Can the vessel perform drilling
using No.1 Drilling Drive Switchboard ?
- Can, interlock mechanism on the No.1 drilling drive
switchboard incoming breaker will be opened and
closed the breaker on No.2 drilling drive
switchboard. At the same time bus tie feeder
between the switchboards are closed
- If the Main Distribution & MCC LV3 is lost due to short
circuit on the bus bar, can the operator operate the
Drilling MCC2 ?
- No
Hazardous Areas
Zone 0 in which an explosive air mixture is
continuously present or present for long periods.
Zone 1 in which an explosive air mixture is likely to
occur in normal operation.
Zone 2 in which an explosive air mixture is not likely
to occur in normal operation and if occurs will exist
only for a short period.
Non.HA none of the above.
Hazardous Areas
Enclosed Areas -a space bounded by decks
and bulkheads which may or may not have
doors, windows or other similar openings.
Semi Enclosed Locations - a location where a
dispersion of gas may not occur due to the
presence of structure.
Open Areas
Hazardous Areas
Hazardous Areas Zone 0 Include:
i) The internal spaces of closed tanks and pipes of the mud circulating system between the
welland the final degassing discharge, e.g., escape gas outlets,
ii) The internal spaces of closed pipes and tanks for oil and gas products,
iii) Other spaces in which an oil-gas mixture is present, continuously or for long periods.
Hazardous Areas Zone 1 Include:
i) Enclosed spaces containing any part of the mud circulating system that has an opening
into the spaces and is between the well and the final degassing discharge.
ii) Outdoor or semi-enclosed locations within 1.5 m (5 ft.) from the following: openings to
equipment which is part of the mud system); any ventilation outlets from Zone 1 spaces;
and any access to Zone 1 spaces.
iii) Pits, ducts or similar structures in locations which otherwise would be Zone 2 but which
are arranged so the dispersion of gas may not occur.
iv) Enclosed spaces or semi-enclosed locations that are below the drill floor and contain a
possible source of release of gas such as the top of a drilling nipple.
v) Enclosed spaces that are on the drill floor and which are not separated by a solid floor
from the spaces
Hazardous Areas Zone 2 Include:
i) Enclosed spaces which contain open sections of the mud circulating system from the
final degassing discharge to the mud pump suction connection at the mud pit.
ii) Outdoors locations within the boundaries of the drilling derrick up to a height of 3 m (10
ft.) above the drill floor
iii) To the extent of their enclosure, semi-enclosed locations that are on the drill floor and
which are not separated by a solid floor from the spaces).
iv) Semi-enclosed derricks to the extent of their enclosures above the drill floor or to a
height of 3 m (10 ft.) above the drill floor, whichever is greater.
v) Semi-enclosed locations below and contiguous with the drill floor and to the boundaries
of the derrick or to the extent of any enclosure which is liable to trap gases.
vi) Outdoor locations below the drill floor and within a radius of 3 m (10 ft.) from a possible
source of release gas such as the top of a drilling nipple.
vii) The areas 1.5 m (5 ft.) beyond the Zone 1 areas specified in 4-1-3/3.3ii) and beyond the
semienclosed locations specified in 4-1-3/3.3iv).
viii) Outdoor locations within 1.5 m (5 ft.) of the boundaries of any ventilation outlet from
Zone 2 spaces, or any access to Zone 2 spaces, except where 4-1-3/5.3 applies.
ix) (1995) Air lock spaces between Zone 1 and nonhazardous space, in accordance with 4-
1-3/5.5i).
Paint Store is considered Hazardous Area
Hazardous Areas
Equipment and Installation in Hazardous Area
Zone 0 Areas. certified intrinsically-safe circuits
Zone 1 Areas. Certified intrinsically-safe circuits/Certified
flameproof /Certified increased safety equipment/Pressurized
enclosure type equipment
Zone 2 Areas. Zone 1 plus: The operating temperature does not
exceed 315C - Enclosed squirrel-cage induction motors, Fixed
lighting fixtures protected from mechanical damag,
Transformers, solenoids or impedance coils in general purpose
enclosuresCables Installation
Cables in hazardous areas are to be armored or mineral-
insulated metal-sheathed
Lighting Circuits - All switches are to interrupt all poles or
phases and are to be located in a non-hazardous area.
Electrical Installations
Hazardous Areas
Typical equipment in Zone 0 and 1
Explosion proof: the enclosure withstands and explosion
inside and prevents propagation.
Intrinsically safe ia & ib: an intrinsically safe barrier is
installed in a safe area to avoid sparks by limiting the
energy to the circuit in the hazardous area.
Hazardous Areas
Two Different Standards:
International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC Series 79): Zone 0, 1, 2
National Electric Code (NEC Art 500):
Class I Div1, Div 2
Class I Div 1: locations in which ignitable
concentration of flammable gas or vapors may
exit under normal operating conditions or such
concentrations may exits frequently due to
repairs, maintenance or leakage.
Class I Div 2: locations in which ignitable
concentration of flammable gas or vapors would
occur only as result of accident or breakdown of
systems, or in which concentrations are normally
prevented by mechanical or natural ventilation.
Hazardous Areas
Surveyor/ Inspector:
Equipment nameplate shows suitability for
use in hazardous area.
Hazardous Areas
What spaces are classified as
HAZARDOUS AREAS in a MODU? For
ABS Rule
Drill Floor
Shale Shaker, Degasser, Desander, Desilter
Mud Tanks or Mud Pits
Hazardous Areas
What to look for in a nameplate on
equipment installed in hazardous area
The Testing Labs name: CSA, UL or others
The Certificate No.
The Hazardous Area Marking
Hazardous Areas
.
Cert No.
Testing Labs Name
Hazardous
Area
Marking
Hazardous Area
Marking
Testing Labs Name
Cert No.
Hazardous Areas
Hazardous Areas
Whats wrong with this nameplate?
Hazardous Areas
Nameplate IEC
Hazardous Areas
However:
Zone 2 equipment Class I Div 2
Zone 1 equipment
Zone 0 equipment Class I Div 1
There is NO equivalency between
Zone and Division!!!
Hazardous Areas
If an enclosure or room installed in hazardous
areas, but equipment inside not been certified and
the box itself is not explosion-proof.
Purged Pressurized System.
positive pressure in relation to the surrounded
atmosphere. (NPA 496 or IEC 79-2).e.g: drillers
console.
Solutio
n
Hazardous Areas
Ventilation is Hazardous Areas
Ventilation inlets and outlets - Ventilation inlets be located in
nonhazardous areas. and completely separate from that for
nonhazardous areas.
More critical less pressure flow from less to more
Number of air changes required for enclosed mud pits - Every two
minutes.
Ducts passing though hazardous zones - Under pressure in to less
hazardous areas and at overpressure to more hazardous areas
are to be rigidly constructed to avoid air leaks.
Ventilation of non Harzardous zones - to be located in nonhazardous
area and overpressure in relation to the hazardous area.
Self closing doors are required between nonhazardous and hazardous
zones
Hazardous Areas
Hazardous Areas
Hazardous Areas
Hazardous Areas
Boilers and engines
Exhaust outlets outside the Hazardous area and
fitted with non sparking devices
Air intakes at least 03 meters form Hazardous
areas
Can not be installed in Zone 0
Can be installed in Zone 1 and 2 under special
consideration
Hazardous Areas
All jacking or other elevating systems are to be
constructed and installed in accordance with
approved plans.
Jacking Trial - the completed hull up to the
limit of designed travel and then down again
Instrumentation - the controls for elevating
operations.
Hazardous Areas
Special Considerations.
Electrical equipment in exterior locations and
operable after total shutdown need
CERTIFICATION (at least Class I Div 2)
although may not be installed in a hazardous
areas.
Rational: after a blow out, gas may present
throughout the platform, and the equipment
operable is to be safe with presence of gas.
Special Considerations
Brushless motors (and other similar
equipment) can be installed in Class I Div2
(NEC 501.8B) with no hazardous area
certification, i.e. squirrel cage motors.
Requirement: Nameplate is to show the max surface T
(C) for the space heater. The exposed surface of the
space heater is not to be above 80 % of the ignition T
(C) of the gas involved
Hazardous Areas
Hazardous Area Case Study I
In the drawing the area below the Drillfloor is
shown as totally enclosed with hazardous
area defined as Zone 2.
Hazardous Area Case Study I
As per ABS rules: Zone 1: Enclosed spaces or
semi-enclosed locations that are below the
drillfloor and contain possible source of release
of gas such as the top of a drilling nipple.
(Assumption - not adequately ventilated)
As per ABS rules : Zone 2: Semi-enclosed
locations below the drillfloor which are liable to
trap gases. (Assumption not adequately
ventilated)
Hazardous Area Case Study I
Hazardous Area Case Study I
Hazardous Area Case Study I
Adequately Ventilated ?
Why ?
Hazardous Area Case Study I
API 505 6.6.2.4.7 partially enclosed area
are considered adequately ventilated:
a)a building or area having a roof or ceiling with
walls comprising 50% or less vertical wall area
than the total wall area possible is considered
to be adequately ventilated (regardless of the
type of floor).
b)A building or area is considered to be
adequately ventilated provided it has neither a
floor (for example, the floor is grating) nor a
roof or ceiling.
Hazardous Area Case Study I
Drillers Cabin modification:
Previously it was a shelter with the controls.
The client has added walls and roof to the
shelter, including A/C system and ergonomic
controls.
The new drillers cabin has been rated as
non-hazardous location.
The floor has some cables penetrations.
Hazardous Area Case Study II
Hazardous Area Case Study II
What do we have to check?
Hazardous Area Case Study II
Hazardous Area Case Study II
Acceptable ?
Hazardous Area Case Study II
What do we have to check?
Driller's Cabin Door Opening From Non-hazardous Location Towards a
Hazardous Location
1) The Driller's Cabin will be pressurized in accordance to NFPA 496
(Chapter 5) or equivalent standard so that the interior of the Driller's
Cabin is a non-hazardous location. NFPA 496 (Chapter 5.4) requires
that the pressurization system is capable of maintaining a positive
pressure of 25 Pa (0.1 in. water) with all openings closed and to
maintain a minimum outward air velocity of 60fpm (0.305m/sec) when
all openings are open. An alarm is to be fitted for low pressure in the
cabin.
2) It is to be demonstrated that the door remains gas tight after
closing on its own.
3) For units where ABS is issuing the MODU Code certificate the
government administration agreement is required.
Hazardous Area Case Study III
Enclosed spaces containing any part of the mud
circulating system are considered Hazardous areas as
per ABS MODU Rules.
However Mud laboratories on mobile offshore drilling rigs
are not considered Hazardous spaces.
Why ?
Mud laboratories
Hazardous Area Case Study III
Drilling Mud System
Drilling Mud System
Hazardous Area Case Study III
Why ?
1) The mud laboratory has no direct piping connection to the mud
circulating system.
2) A mechanical ventilation system providing at least six (6) air changes
per hour is provided to the mud laboratory.
3) Mud samples taken for analysis are to be taken after the mud
degassing process.
4) Mud samples are not to be stored in the mud laboratory.
5) Proper precautions (e.g., warning notice) are to be taken to insure that
the ventilation system of the mud lab is always on when mud sample
analysis is underway.
Exercise
Electrical Installations
Accumulator Batteries
SMALL: battery charger below 0.2KW.
Battery boxes with openings near the
top to release the gas.
Can We Use It
on the Rig ?
MEDIUM: battery charger between
0.2KW to 2KW.
Deck boxes (weather tight type) with
a duct to release the gas, and openings
as air inlets.
Battery lockers with a duct to
release the gas. Louvers are installed
to prevent the gas to re-enter.
They are NOT
allowed to be
installed in the
accomm bldg (4-
3-3/3.7.2
Electrical Installations
LARGE: battery charger above 2Kw.
Battery room:
The room is to have natural or mechanical
ventilation, capable of changing the air
every 2 min or alternatively, to maintain the
gas level below the lower explosive limit
(LEL).
Exhaust vent at the top of the room, and
the inlet vents near the floor.
Trays for batteries are to be chocked with
wood strips and each tray is to be fitted
with nonabsorbent insulating supports
HAZARDOUS
AREA OR NOT
HAZADOUS
AREA ?
It is classified
as HAZARDOUS
AREA
Special attention to UPS installed in
Air Conditioned Control Room.
UPS must be certified for use in a control
room.
Hydrogen emission can add to be
considered Hazardous Area.
Electrical Installations
Electrical Installations
Switchboard
Are to be located in a dry place so as to provide a clear working
space at the front of the switchboard and a clearance at the
rear
Safety-type Panels
Dead front type panels are to be used where voltage to earth is
in excess of 50 volts DC / 50 volts AC
Disconnecting Arrangements
The disconnecting device is to be externally operated.
If the disconnecting device is not within sight of both motor
and controller, or if it is consider far (based on class/
regulation) from either, it is to be arranged for locking in the
open position.
Electrical Installations
Receptacles and Plugs of Different Ratings
Receptacles and plugs of different electrical
ratings are not to be interchangeable so 110
V can not fit 230 V
Electrical Installations
Armored cable: (zone 1).Bronze, tinned copper or aluminum braid,
sometimes between the inner jacket and the outer sheath.
Rational: Protection against mechanical and physical damage.
Armored Cable
Armor
Sheath
Electrical Installations
Armored cable must be grounded at each end.
Electrical Installations
Armored cable must be grounded at each end.
Question : If the armored cable is not
grounded at each end, so what ???
Electrical Installations
What happens if the armor is damaged?
Electrical Installations
Electrical Installations
Electrical Installations
Need to be replaced ?
Why ?
How about if it installed in Hazardous Area ?
Electrical Installations
Deck and Bulkhead Penetrations
Where cables pass through watertight, firetight or smoke-tight
bulkheads or decks, the penetrations are to be made through the
use of approved stuffing tubes, transit devices or pourable
materials which will maintain the watertight, firetight or smoke-
tight integrity of the bulkheads or decks
When cables pass through non-watertight bulkheads where the
bearing surface is less than 6.4 mm (0.25 in.), the holes are to be
fitted with bushings having rounded edges and a bearing surface
for the cable of at least 6.4 mm(0.25 in.) in length.
Where cables pass through deck beams or similar structural parts
care is to be taken to eliminate sharp edges.
Where cable conduit pipe or equivalent is carried through decks or
bulkheads, arrangements are to be made to maintain the integrity
of the water or gas tightness of the structure.
Cables are not to pass through a collision bulkhead.
Electrical Installations
High Voltage Cable Installation
In accommodation in enclosed transit system
Continuous (grounded) metal sheath or armour or
casing
Not to be in the same cable bunch, duct, pipe or box
as LV circuits
Separate junction boxes are to be used for each of
the rated voltage levels exceeding 1 kV.
Same cable tray ok for different HV cables; but
observe clearance distances for the higher one
Electrical Installations
Apply DC voltage:
1.6(2.5Uo +2kV) for cables 1kV < Uo =<3.6kV
4.2 Uo for Uo>3.6kV
For 15 minutes
Dont forget to discharge the cable
Repeat insulation resistant test
Alternatively a full voltage test for 24 hours could
be accepted if advised by cable manufacturer
Test After Installation and after insulation resistant
testing
Electrical Installations
Operation After Shutdown
The following services are to be operable after an emergency shutdown:
Emergency lighting for half an hour
General alarm
Blow-out preventer control system
Public address system
Distress and safety radiocommunications
Note - Exterior locations - Zone 2 .
Early detection of fire is essential if fire damage is to be minimized
Fires may be detected by personnel observation or by automatic
devices
Where does ABS require fire detectors in a MODU?
Unmanned Machinery Space
Service Spaces
Accommodation Spaces
Fire Detection
Smoke Detectors
Flame detectors
are to be used in
addition of other
fire detectors.
Flame detectors even
though are fast detectors,
they may give false alarms.
Rational
Gas indication panels are
to be located at the drill floor
and control room.
Audible & visual alarm
Location & concentration of gas
Gas Detection
Where does ABS require GAS detectors in a MODU?
Cellar Deck
Drill Floor
Mud Pit Area
Shale Shaker Area
Other enclosed spaces containing open components
of the mud circulation system
Gas Detectors in Production
Facilities
Facilities Guide
Gas Detectors to be provided at fresh air inlets to
non-classified areas
Gas detectors is not required but recommended in
process areas
Facility shutdown is required at high gas detection
If no gas detectors in- the process area, the
shutdown will be based on the gas detection at
fresh air inlets
Fire Detection Case Study
Only smoke detectors installed in Machinery
Spaces.
24 feet height (~ 7.3 m)
ABS review was satisfactory.
USCG inspector inquired that no thermal
detectors had been installed in the mach.
space. ABS Surveyor asked the Technical
office.
Something is going
wrong ???
Fire Detection Case Study
Fire Detection Case Study
Acceptable ?
Typically in Machinery Spaces with high deckhead only
smoke detectors are installed, because thermal
detectors will not be effective due to the height and
the ventilation.
Thermal Detectors should be installed only in low
deckhead mach. spaces.
SOLAS Reg.II-2/4.2: Except in spaces of restricted
height and where their use is specially appropriate,
detection systems using only thermal detectors shall not
be permitted.
During survey, factors of height and ventilation
are to be considered.
Questions