IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEC/IIJEC.htm

A Publisher for Research Motivatin........ Email: editoriijec@ipasj.org
Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2014 ISSN 2321-5984


Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2014 Page 1


Abstract
Road traffic congestion and tidal flow management were considered as major problems in modern urban areas, which have
caused much inconvenience for the ambulance while carrying an emergency patient. Because of this the ambulance reaches
the destination hospital with much delay. This paper proposed a system called Automatic Ambulance Traffic Management
System (AATMS) to provide a smooth flow for the ambulance to reach the hospitals in time and thus minifying the expiration.
This system is supported with an Intelligent Transport System (ITS) which would control mechanically the traffic lights in the
path of the ambulance. The ambulance is controlled by the central unit which furnishes the optimized route to the destination
and also controls the traffic light according to the ambulance location and thus reaching the hospital with minimum time.
Also, when there is a road accident with the help of sensor systems in the vehicle, the location of the accident is conveyed to the
server unit to indicate the need of an ambulance. The server also determines the location of the accident spot through the
sensor systems in the vehicle which encountered the accident and thus the server walks through the ambulance to the spot. This
scheme is fully automated, thus it finds the accident spot, controls the traffic lights, and helps to reach the hospital with
minimum duration.
Keywords: ambulance, road accident, traffic management, wireless communication.
1. INTRODUCTION
When With the expansion in road network, motorization and urbanization in the country, the number of road accidents
have surged in a drastic manner. Road traffic injuries and fatalities have emerged as a major public health concern,
with road accident injuries having become one of the leading causes of death, disabilities and hospitalizations which
impose severe socio-economic costs across the world. Chennai city has leading death rates in traffic accidents than
other cities in the country. Delhi and Bangalore are a distant second and third, with Chennai recording 40% more
deaths than either of the other metros. A further analysis reveals that pedestrians and two wheelers together form 73%
of the total affected people in a road accident. Analysis also shows that the car accidents take place on these arterial
roads as it accounts 54% of the total car accidents in the city. In the proposed system, when a vehicle met with an
accident a message will come to control room or a rescue team by using GPS and GSM Technology to indicate about
the accident. GPS is a fleet of more than twenty four communication satellites that transmit signals globally around the
clock. With a GPS receiver, one can quickly and accurately determine the latitude and longitude to find the location on
the earth. GSM use a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) smart card that contains user account information. Any GSM
phone becomes immediately programmed after plugging in the SIM card, thus allowing GSM phones to be easily
rented or borrowed. In this system, an accelerometer is used in the vehicle alarm application. Dangerous driving can be
detected with an accelerometer. This can also be used as a crash recorder of the vehicle movements before, during and
after a crash. With signals from an accelerometer, a severe accident can be recognized. In this system, when a vehicle
met with an accident immediately the vehicle number and persons contact number will be transferred to control room
or a rescue team. So the rescue team can immediately trace the location from where the message came. Then after
conforming the location necessary action is taken to send an ambulance to reach the location. In second application,
traffic signals can be controlled automatically at a certain distance intimating the arrival of ambulance. Information
regarding the patients temperature, heartbeat, and needed parameters are observed inside the ambulance and sent to
the hospital before the ambulance reaches the destiny.
2. RELATED WORKS
The following section describes about the related works carried in the field of emergency rescue systems and traffic
management for ambulance. Cheng et al [1] ensures efficient delivery of rescue system in ambulance location models,
fleet size and ambulance location sites that are the two critical factors in Emergency Medical Service (EMS). The
Emergency Traffic Management for Ambulance
using Wireless Communication

Jose Anand
1
and T. G. Arul Flora
2

1
Associate Professor,
2
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of ECE, KCG College of Technology, Chennai

IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEC/IIJEC.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivatin........ Email: editoriijec@ipasj.org
Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2014 ISSN 2321-5984


Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2014 Page 2

ambulance relocation and dispatch policies that are studied in dynamic ambulance relocation models also significantly
contribute to improving the response time of EMS. The system review dynamic ambulance relocation model from the
perspective of dispatch policies. The connection between the reviewed ambulance dispatch policies and real-life policies
is highlighted. The ambulance model is based on the modified Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP). This is
used to examine the commonly used dispatch policy and the proposed method of free-ambulance exploitation to further
improve urgent call response time. The system reduces the response time of urgent calls, especially during low
ambulance supply period.Dian et al [2] ensures an emergency ambulance arriving system on the scene in time to treat
the injured person after the accident. The system will minimize the loss of traffic accidents and maximize the social
benefits based on the principle of reliability. The structure of emergency rescue system on highway has three functions
as accident detection, rescue plan and equipment management. The system is designed for reliability based on the
travel time, and then established a mathematical model of the travel time reliability.Samir et al [3] proposed a new
medical emergency system to facilitate and computerize all the processes involved in an emergency situation. The
proposed system contacts the ambulance emergency system, locates the correct and nearest available ambulance,
accesses a Smart Online Electronic Health Record (SOEHR) that can critically assist in pre-hospital treatments and
identifies availability of the nearest available specialized hospital all through communication with the Hospital
Emergency Department System (HEDS) which provides early and continuous information about the incoming patient
to the hospital.Noraimi et al [4] designed an Emergency Medical Services (EMS) ambulance to provide medical care or
treatments to patient at the emergency site. If intensive care is needed, the patient will be send to the nearest hospital.
Quick response and comprehensive care is vital in this case. In order to ensure the ambulance can arrive to incident site
within the targeted time, ambulance availability must be ensured and the time taken to arrive must be controlled. This
system describes the application of A* Algorithm and road network as parts of the development for the ambulance
routing system. The algorithm finds the shortest distance for the ambulances located at Klinik Kesihatan Shah Alam
(KKSA) to the emergency sites. Derekenaris et al [5] described a system offering a solution to the problem of
ambulance management and emergency incident handling. The system is based on a Geographic Information System
(GIS) coupled with Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)
technologies. The operation of the system is expected to minimize the ambulances response time. Also, there will be a
drastic improvement in the way emergency incidents are being handled. The system will significantly affect the quality
of health services offered to citizens.
3. SYSTEM DESIGN
The structure of the proposed emergency traffic management system is illustrated in figure 1. The design for
automatically controlling the traffic signals and reaching the hospital using efficient traffic management, so that the
ambulance would be able to cross all the traffic junctions without waiting. For easy access the server maintains a
database of ambulance and nearby hospitals for easy addressing. The ambulance is guided to the hospital by the server
through the shortest route. The proposed system has five sections; the vehicle unit, a server station, ambulance unit,
hospital unit and road traffic management system. The vehicle unit installed in the vehicle senses the accident and
sends the location of the accident to the main server. The main server finds the nearest ambulance to the accident spot
and also the shortest path between the ambulance and the accident spot. Once the ambulance reaches the accident spot,
the patient is rescued and the shortest path to the hospital is identified with the help of server station. At the same time
the basic parameter of the patient is noted within the ambulance itself and conveyed to the hospital. Also the ambulance
generates a signal to alert the traffic in its path, before reaching the traffic location. This will give clear way for the
ambulance to reach the hospital in minimum time. Wireless technology is used for transferring the information from
one unit to the other unit in an efficient manner.


Figure 1 Structure of the Emergency Traffic Management System

IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEC/IIJEC.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivatin........ Email: editoriijec@ipasj.org
Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2014 ISSN 2321-5984


Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2014 Page 3


Figure 2 Block Diagram of the Vehicle Unit
Figure 2 shows the detailed block diagram of the vehicle unit. The vehicle unit has a tilt sensor and a vibration sensor
to monitor the occurrence of accident. Once the accident is detected by the vehicle unit, it will find the position of the
vehicle using the GPS. Then this information along with the position of the accident is send to the server station
through the GSM/GPRS technology. The server station maintains a database about the accident information. The server
station also has the database of the nearby ambulance, hospital and the shortest route to reach the hospital. Now the
server station alerts a nearby ambulance about the accident and its location or shortest route to reach the accident
location. Figure 3 shows the block diagram of the ambulance unit. Based on the information and instruction from the
server station, the ambulance will reach the accident location. Then the injured people are carried by the ambulance to
the nearby hospital. Bio sensors present in the ambulance unit such as heart beat sensor, pressure sensor, temperature
sensors, etc., are used to detect the patients information. This informations are conveyed to the hospital using the RF
transmitter. The ambulance is guided by the server station for the shortest route to the hospital or the ambulance unit
will have provisions for finding the shortest route. Using Zombie protocol the arrival of ambulance to the road signal
section is indicated to give way for the ambulance. The hospital section has a patient alert system, which is triggered by
the ambulance unit. This section will receive the primary information of the injured person coming by the ambulance to
the hospital. Based upon this information necessary precautions are made before the arrival of the ambulance to the
hospital. The traffic signal unit at the road side will get the alert from the ambulance unit. The traffic management
system will give preference to the ambulance path, and clear the traffic towards the hospital. Thus the ambulance can
reach the destination hospital with minimum time.

4. CONCLUSION
The proposed system is used for controlling the traffic signals in favor of ambulances during the accidents. With this
system the ambulance can be maneuvered from the accident spot to the hospital without time lag. The ITS can be
proved to be effectual to control not only ambulance but also authoritative vehicles. This system is more accurate with
no loss of time. But there may be a delay caused because of GSM messages since it is a queue based technique. It can be
reduced by giving more priority by communicating through the server.
References

[1] Cheng Siong Lim, Rosbi Mamat, and Thomas Braunl, Impact of Ambulance Dispatch Policies on Performance
of Emergency Medical Services, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 624-
632, June 2011.
[2] Dian-liang Xiao, and Yu-jia Tian, Reliability of Emergency Rescue System on Highway, 2009 Second
International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, IEEE Computer Society, pp.
564-567.
IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEC/IIJEC.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivatin........ Email: editoriijec@ipasj.org
Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2014 ISSN 2321-5984


Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2014 Page 4

[3] Samir El-Masri, and Basema Saddik, Mobile Emergency System and Integration, 2011 12th IEEE
International Conference on Mobile Data Management, IEEE Computer Society, Proceedings of IEEE 2011,
pp. 67-72.
[4] Noraimi Azlin Mohd Nordin, Norhidayah Kadir, Zati Aqmar Zaharudin, and Nor Amalina Nordin, An
Application of the A* Algorithm on the Ambulance Routing, 2011 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science
and Engineering Research (CHUSER 2011), Penang, pp. 855-859, 5-6 Dec 2011.
[5] G. Derekenaris, J. Garofalakis, C. Makris, J. Prentzas, S. Sioutas, and A. Tsakalidis, An Information
System for the Effective Management of Ambulances, Proceedings of the IEEE Conference, 2010.