Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MS 76-1972
MS 76-1972
1.27S
l.27S)
Thickness 382.50
(15.312
+
l.27S
1.27S
and
and
405.00
16.188
l.27S
l.27S)
The position of these limits is not very sensitive to small changes
in the value of S. Many users may prefer to employ fixed
warning limits calculated by giving S the values assumed in
deriving Clause 6, namely 1 .9 mm (0.075 in) lor length and
1 .27 mm (0.05 in) for width and thickness. The fixed warn-
ing limits, rounded to 1 mm (1/20 in) are
A3. CONTROL PROCEDURE : USE OF GAUGE BOARD
The measurement of each samp1e of 6 bricks is done by packing
them together, end to end, side to side, etc on a gauge board
having graduated brass plates set in to the frame and flush
with the surface: Each brass plate is graduated in a convenient
unit, such as 2 mm (1 / 10 in), the graduations running from,
say, + 15 to I 5. The plates are positioned so that the zero
mark on the scale is at a distance from a reference stop at the
end of the board corresponding to the nominal total for 6
Length
Width
Thickness
Length
Width
Thickness
1274 and 1306 (51.10 and 52.40)
605 and 624 (24.40 and 25.10)
384 and 403 (15.40 and 16.10)
A3. I
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MS 76: 1972
bricks; 1290 mm (5I~in) for length, 615 mm (24~in) for
width, and 390 mm (l5~in) for thickness. Although the limits
are calculated to the nearest half unit, it is quite sufficient to
read each total for 6 bricks to the nearest unit.
The measurements are recorded directly in terms of gauge
units. (Care should be taken when manipulating negative
values. For example, if the two totals for samples of 6 bricks
are + I and 4 units, (lie average total is
_____ I ~ units and the range is I (4) = 5 units.
2
14
If the totals arc 1 and - 4 units, the average is =
2
2~units and the range is 1 (4) 1 + 4 = 3 units.
Note that the range is always positive.)
If it is desired to calculate the standard deviation S in millimetres,
this may be done by dividing the average range in gauge units
by 1.38. Otherwise no transformation to millimetres need be
done. The control charts can be plotted in terms of gauge
units and the limits may be determined from the average range
W, also in gauge units. The control limits for the range chart
are 2.81 W, for the 1 in 40 limit and 4.12 W for the 1 in 1000
limit. The appropriate values for (lie average charts, rounded
off to the nearest half unit, are:
Length 9~+ 9~ ( 74 + 7-1-)
Width 54 5- 1 - ( 4-4 + 4~)
Thickness 4 + 7-4 ( 4~+ 4~)
The warning limits may be calculated from the appropriate
average range W and are:
Length 9.4 + 0.46W and 9.4 0.46W
(7.5) (7.5)
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MS 76: 1972
Width 5.6 + 0.46W and 5.6 0.46W
(4.38) (4.38)
Thickness 3.8 + 0.46W and 7.5 0.46W
(4.38) (4.38)
Fixed warning limits, assuming that (lie standard deviation is
of the order of 1.9 mm for length and 1 .27 mm for width
and thickness, are:
Length 8 and + 8
Width 5 and + 5
Thickness 3 and 6
These limits are summarized in Table 8.
A4. ALTERNATIVE GAUGE UNITS
A4.I There is no reason why (lie gauge units should necessarily be
2 mm (1/10 iii), as used in the previous example. If an alter-
native gauge unit is adopted, it will be necessary to recalculate
the limits using similar statistical principles and works quality
control charts may then b.c kept in a similar manner.
AS. ALTERNATIVE SCALE FOR GAUGE BOARD
A5.1 It is possible to avoid the use of negative numbers, and the
slight complications involved in their manipulation, by g.ra
duating the scale from 0 to 30 instead of 15 to + 15.
Here the nominal average dimension will be 15. The dis-
advaiitage is that the values to be recorded for average are
usually double-figure numbers.
The limits for averages are determined from those previously
given by adding 15 units; the range limits are, of course, Un-
affected. Table 9 gives (lie required values for the average
charts.
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MS 76: 1972
TABLE 8. LIMITS FOR USE WITH GAUGE BOARD
.
Limits
,
Dimensions.
2 mm units (3
Lower
/32 inch units)
Upper
Control Length 95 ( 8)
+ 95 (+ 8)
Width 51 ( 4-i) + 51 (+ 41)
Thickness 4 ( 44) + 7~ (+ 41)
Warning Length 9.4 + 0.46W
9.4 0.46W
(8.00) (8.00)
Width
5.6 + 0.46W 5.6 0.46W
(-----4.67) (4.67)
Thickness 3.8 + 0.46W 7.5 0.46W
(4.67) (4.67)
Fixed Length 8 ( 7) + 8 (+ 7)
warning Width 5 ( 4) + 5 (+ 4)
Thickness 3 ( 4) + 61 (+ 4)
TABLE 9. LIMITS FOR USE WITH ALTERNATIVE
SCALE FOR GAUGE BOARD
Ltmits
.
,
Dimenswn
2 mm unIts (3/32 inch units)
.
Lower
Upper
Control Length 5-5 (7) 245 (23)
Width 95 (104)
204 (194)
Thickness ii (1OD
22~ (191)
Warning Length 5.6 + 0.46W 24.4 0.46W
( 7.00) (23.00)
Width 9.4 + 0.46W
20.6 0.46W
(10.33)
(19.67)
Thickness Il .2 + 0.46W 22.5 0.46W
(10.33).
(19.67)
Fixed Length 7 (8)
23 (22)
warning Width
10 (11)
20 (19)
Thickness 12 (lI) 2I~ (19)
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MS 76: 1972
APPENDIX B
CHOICE OF LiMITS AND ACCEPTANCE CLAUSES FOR
DIMENSIONS OF BRICKS
BS 657, Dimensions of Common Bricks, postulated that individual
brick dimensions should not differ from the nominal dimensions by
more than ~ in (6.4 mm) on length and 5/32 in (4.0 mm) on
width and thickness. This was a compromise between the require-
ments of the manufacturer and the user. The acceptance clause was
so drafted that Good batches, i e with less than 1 % of individual
brick dimensions outside these tolerances, had a very small chance
of rejection. These calculations were based on standard deviations of
0.075 in (1.9 mm) for lengths, and 0.05 in (1.27 mm) for width and
thickness, obtained from measurements of individual bricks made at
the British Building Research Station. Since the publication of
BS 657 : 1950 several British manufacturers have carried out measure-
ments on a statistical control basis and (lie results obtained indicate
that the original standard deviations are a reasonable estimate of (lie
average value to be found in practice. Some raw materials and pro-
cesses enable manufacturers to have smaller standard deviations whilst
others lead to somewhat larger standard deviations. In this respect
it is clear that the acceptance clause of BS 657, requiring measure-
ments to be made of total length etc. of a sample of 24 bricks, limits
both the variability of (lie batch and (lie movemelil of (lie batch average
away from the nominal dimensions. Manufacturers who produce batches
of larger variability that corresponds to a standard deviation of 0.075 in
(1.9 mni) for length, etc, are allowed less movement of the batch
average about the nominal dimensions. Conversely, the manufacturer
who is able to work with a smaller standard deviation than 0.075 in
(1 .9 mm) etc. can allow a greater movement of the batch average away
froni the nominal dimensions; however, this amount of movement is
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MS 76: 1972
limited and the probability of rejection may become appreciable even
when the movement is such as would lead to no more than I % of
the individual brick dimensions being outside tolerances of either +
~in (6.4 mm) or .~. in (6.4 mm) on length. etc.
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Buitders square
MS 76: 1972
I
FIGURE 2. DETERMINATION OF OUT OF SQUARENESS
AND BOWING OR TWiSTING 01? HOLLOW BLOCKS
1~~
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MS 76: 1972
Va c U U m
gauge
Tank
pcock B
Water
tank
Widemouthed bottle
or flask filled with water
Polythene bag
or folded sheet
Rubber band
or strin9
ock A
Pump
FIG. 3. APPARATUS FOR VACUUM ABSORPTION rfl~g~~
FIGURE 4. APPARATUS FOR EFFLORESCENCE TEST
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MS 76: 1972
{~~1~T7 . Y ~( (
-~ Total length of 6 bncks
+
I 111111 H I It H Ii lilt Hi 111111 I K
L~tO 5 0 5 tO ~J
Scale I Ill ill! I filM I MM I ill
Is tO 5 0 S iO is (units used 2mm)
Actual Ien~ths would be 127 1 1290 1309
+
Scale 2 I I I I I I I I I I 111 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
0 5 ID iS 20 25 30(Units used 2mm)
FIGURE 5. GAUGE BOARD FOR MEASURING BRICKS
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MS 76: 1972
FIGURE 6. DOUBLE BRICKS REFERRED TO IN NOTE 3.
CLAUSE 39 (d) (iv)
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3
TANDA-TANDA STANDARD SIRIM
Tanda-tanda Standard SIRIM seperti yang tertera di bawah adalah tanda-tanda pengesahan
dagangan berdaftar. Tanda-tanda ini hanya boleh digunakan oleh mereka yang dilesenkan
di bawah skim tanda pengesahan yang dijalankan oleh SIRIM mengikut nombor Standard
Malaysia yang berkaitan. Kewujudan tanda-tanda ini pada atau berkaitan dengan sesuatu
barangan adalah sebagai jaminan bahawa barangan tersebut telah dikeluarkan melalui satu
sistem penyeliaan, kawalan dan ujian, yang dijalankan semasa pengeluaran. Ini termasuk
pemeriksaan berkala kerja-kerja pengeluaran menurut skim tanda pengesahan SIRIM yang
dibentuk untuk menentukan bahawa barangan tersebut menepati Standard Malaysia.
Keterangan-keterangan lanjut mengenai syarat -syarat lesen boleh didapati dari:
Ketua Pengarah
Institut Standard dan Penyelidikan Perindustrian Malaysia
Persiaran Dato Menteri, Seksyen 2, Peti Surat 7035
40911 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan
SIRIM STANDARD MARKS
The SIRIM standard marks shown above are registered certification trade marks. They may
be used only by those li censed under the certification marking scheme operated by SIRIM
and in conjunction with relevant Malaysian Standard number. The presence of these Marks
on or relation to a product is assurance that the goods have been produced under a system
of supervision, control and testing, operated during production, and including periodi cal
inspection of the producers works in accordance with the certification marking scheme of
SIRIM designed to ensure compliance with a Malaysian Standard.
Further particulars of the terms of license may be obtained from:
Director-General
Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia
Persiaran Dato Menteri, Section 2. P.O.Box 7035
40911 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan
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INSTITU T STAND ARD D AN PENY EL ID IK AN PERIND U STRIAN M AL AY SIA
Institut Standard dan Penyelidikan Perindustrian Malaysia (SIRIM) telah ditubuhkan hasil dan cantuman Institut
Piawaian Malaysia (SIM) dengan Institut Negara bagi Penyelidikan Sains dan Perusahaan (NISIR) di bawah
Undang-Undang Malaysia Akta 157 pada l6hb. September 197 5:Akta Institut Standard dan Penyelidikan
Perindustrian Malaysia (Perbadanan) 197 5. Institut mi diletakhak dengan kuasa untuk memamju dan
menjalankan penyelidikan perindustrian dan untuk menyedia dan memajukan standard-standard bagi barangan-
barangan, proses-proses, amalan-amalan dan perkhidmatan-perkhidmatan; dan bagi mengadakan peruntukan
bagi perkara-perkara yang bersampingan atau berkaitan dengan maksud-maksud itu.
Satu daripada tugas-tugas Institut mi adalah menyediakan Standard-Standard Malaysia dalam bentuk
penentuan-penentuan bagi bahan-bahan, keluaran-keluaran, kaedah-kaedah ujian, kod-kod amalan yang
sempurna dan selamat, sistem penamaan dan lain-lain. Standard-Standard Malaysia disediakan oleh
jawatankuasa-jawatankuasa perwakilan yang menyelaras keupayaan pengilang dan kecekapan pengeluaran
dengan kehendak-kehendak yang munasabah dan pengguna. Ia menuju ke arah mencapai kesesuaian bagi
maksud, memudahkan pengeluaran dan pengedaran, kebolehsalingtukaran gantian dan pelbagai pilihan yang
mencukupi tanpa pembaziran.
Standard-Standard Malaysia disediakan hanya setelah penyiasatan yang lengkap menujukkan bahawa sesuatu
projek itu disahkan sebagai yang dikehendaki dan berpadanan dengan usaha yang terlibat. Hasil ml berasaskan
persetujuan sukarela dan memberi pertimbangan kepada kepentingan pengeluar dan pengguna. Standard-
Standard Malaysia adalah sukarela kecuali is dimestikan oleh badan-badan berkuasa melalui peraturan-
peraturan, undang-undang persekutuan dan tempatan atau cara-cara lain yang sepertinya.
Institut mi beroperasi semata-mata berasaskan tanpa keuntungan. Ia adalah satu badan yang menerima bantuan
kewangan dan Kerajaan, kumpulan wang dan bayaran keahlian, hasil dan jualan Standard-Standard dan
terbitan-terbitan lain, bayaran-bayaran ujian dan bayaran-bayaran lesen untuk mengguna Tanda Pengesahan
SIRIM dan kegiatan-kegiatan lain yang berhubung dengan Penstandardan, Penyelidikan Perindustrian dan
Khidmat Perunding.
STAND ARD S AND IND U STRIAL RESEARCH INSTITU TE OF M AL AY SIA
The Standard and Industrial research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) is established with the merger of the
Standards Institution of Malaysia (SIM) and the National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (NISIR)
under the Laws of Malaysia Act 157 on ~ September 197 5: Standards and Industrial Research Institute of
Malaysia ~(Incorporation) Act 197 5. The Institute is vested with the power to provide for the promotion and
undertaking of industrial research and for the preparation and promotion of standards for commodities,
processes, practices and services; and to provide for matters incidental to or connected with those purposes.
O ne O f the functions of the Institute is to prepare Malaysian Standards in the form of specifications for materials
and products, methods of testing, codes of sound and safe practice, nomenclature, etc. Malaysian Standards are
prepared by representative committees which co-ordinate manufacturing capacity and production efficiency with
the users reasonable needs. They seek to achieve fitness for purpose, simplified production and distribution
replacement interchangeability, and adequate variety of choice without wasteful diversify.
Malaysian Standards are prepared only after a full enquiry has shown that the project is endorsed as a desirable
one and worth the effort involved. The work is based on voluntary agreement, and recognition of the community
of interest of producer and consumer. The use of Malaysian Standards is voluntary except in so far as they are
made mandatory by statutory authorities by means of regulations, federal and local by-laws or any other similar
ways.
The Institute operates entirely on a non-profits basis. It is a grant aided body receiving financial aid from the
Government, funds from membership subscriptions and proceeds from sales of Standards and other
publications, fees and licence fees for the use of SIRIM Certification Mark and other activities associated with
Standardization, Industrial Research and Consultancy Services.
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