Antenna Engineering

Lecture 4: Antenna Types and Analysis Techniques

Part I
ELC 405a Fall 2011

Department of Electronics and Communications
Engineering
Faculty of Engineering Cairo University
Antenna Types
By Current Distribution
By Material
By Geometry

Analysis of Some Antennas
Dipoles, Monopoles and Loops
Folded Dipole
Helical Antenna

Islam A. Eshrah, 2009
2
Outline
1
2
Antenna Types Analysis of Some Antennas
Antenna Types
By Current Distribution
By Material
By Geometry

Analysis of Some Antennas
Dipoles, Monopoles and Loops
Folded Dipole
Helical Antenna
Islam A. Eshrah, 2009
3
Outline
1
2
Antenna Types Analysis of Some Antennas
By Current Distribution
Islam A. Eshrah, 2009
4
Standing and Traveling Wave Antennas
Standing Wave Traveling Wave
+

+

I
Standing-wave antennas are usually narrow-band antennas.
Traveling wave antennas are usually wide-band antennas.
Antenna Types Analysis of Some Antennas
By Material
Islam A. Eshrah, 2009
5
Conducting, Dielectric and Aperture Antennas
Conducting Dielectric Aperture
What is the advantage of each?
Antenna Types Analysis of Some Antennas
By Geometry
Islam A. Eshrah, 2009
6
Line, Surface and Volume Antennas
Line Surface Volume
Antenna Types Analysis of Some Antennas
Antenna Types
By Current Distribution
By Material
By Geometry

Analysis of Some Antennas
Dipoles, Monopoles and Loops
Folded Dipole
Helical Antenna
Islam A. Eshrah, 2009
7
Outline
1
2
Antenna Types Analysis of Some Antennas
Wire Antennas
Islam A. Eshrah, 2009
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Dipole, Monopole and Loop Antennas
+

+
+

The sinusoidal approximation can be adopted to estimate the parameters of the
antennas above.
Antenna Types Analysis of Some Antennas
Wire Antennas
Islam A. Eshrah, 2009
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Folded Dipole
+

+

+

V
V/2 V/2
I
1
I
2

1 11 2 12
2 V I Z I Z

11
1
4
in
V
Z Z
I
The folded dipole is typically used with the two-wire line (matching impedance).
Antenna Types Analysis of Some Antennas
Wire Antennas
Islam A. Eshrah, 2009
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Helical Antenna
140
in
R C

2
0
15

D nC S

52

HPBW
C nS
The helical antenna operates in the axial mode as a predominantly traveling wave
antenna with the circumference measuring one wavelength and the turn spacing
measuring quarter wavelength.
Antennas may be categorized by current distribution, geometry
and material.

Wire antennas such as dipoles and loops may be approximately
analyzed by adopting the sinusoidal approximation.

Folded dipoles have 4 times the input impedance of the
corresponding dipole.

Traveling wave antennas (e.g. helical antennas) have in general
broader bandwidth and higher directivity than the
corresponding standing wave antennas.

Islam A. Eshrah, 2009
11
Conclusion