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w m_ Ah_X, H $m{X`mZr

H$meH$

ZOmaV Zl-d-BemAV, H$m{X`mZ

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: amO-E-hH$sH$V

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AZwdmXH$

: hOaV {_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X, H$m{X`mZr

: AbrhgZ E_.E., EM.E.

g`m

: 1000

W_ gH$aU, {hXr : _mM 2013 B.

H$meH$

: ZOmaV Zl-d-BemAV, H $m{X`mZ-143516

_wH$

: \$b-E-C_a qqQ>J og, H$m{X`mZ

Name of Book

: RAAZ-E-HAQIQAT

Written by

: Hazrath Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, Qadiani

Translated by

: Ali Hasan M.A., H.A.

Copies

: 1000

1st Edition Hindi

: March 2013

Published by

: Nazarat Nashr-o-Ishaat, Qadian-143516

Printed at

: Fazle Umar Printing Press, Qadian

ISBN :978-81-7912-363-8

mH$WZ
amO-E-hH$sH$V
Bbm_ Ho$ nwZWmZ hoVw g`XZm hOaV _wh_X _wV\$m
gbbmh Ab{h d gb_ H$s ^{d`dm{U`m| Ho$ AZwgma Abmh
VAmbm Zo MmXhdt eVmXr {hOar _| hOaV {_Om Jwbm_
Ah_X gm{h~ H$m{X`mZr H$mo _grh _mD$X d _hXr _AhX
~ZmH$a AdV[aV {H$`m Ama AmnH$mo Bg `wJ _| Bbm_ Ho$
AmV[aH$ Ama ~m _V^oXm| H$m `m`H$ Ama gybr^OH$ ~Zm`m&
AmnZo IwXm Ho$ mam Xr JB ew^gyMZmAm| Ama ^{d`dm{U`m| Ho$
AZwgma Bg `wJ _| AnZr H${V`m| Ho$ mam BgmB`V H$s PyR>r
{dMmaYmamAm| H$m IS>Z {H$`m Ama AdVmam| Ho$ ~mao _| nmB
OmZo dmbr JbV ^mpV`m| H$mo Xa {H$`m &
`h aMZm 30 Zd~a 1898 B. H$mo H$m{eV hB & Bg_|
hOaV _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ Zo hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_
Ho$ OrdZ H$s gMr KQ>ZmE H$b_~ H$s h Ama CZHo$ gybr
na go {OXm CVmao OmZo Ama H$_ra H$s Amoa AmZo Ho$
A{V[aV lrZJa Ho$ _whbm mZ`ma _| CZH$s H$~ _mOyX hmoZo
na {dVmanydH$ H$me S>mbm h & BgHo$ ~mX hOaV _grh
_mD$X Ab{hgbm_ Zo Bg ~mao _| gMmB na AmYm[aV ""_grh
{hXVmZ _|'' Zm_H$ EH$ Ama {H$Vm~ H$s aMZm H$s Omo 1908
B. _| CX ^mfm _| H$m{eV hB &
BgHo$ A{V[aV _mbdr _wh_X hgZ ~Q>mbdr Zo AnZo
Aa~r {dmZ hmoZo H$m {gH$m O_mZo Ho$ {bE hOaV _grh
_mD$X Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ EH$ Aa~r Bhm_ ""A'Vm{O~w
{b'A_ar'' na Omo `h EVamO {H$`m Wm {H$ A'O'~ H$m

g~YH$maH$ bm_ eX Zht AmVm & hOaV _grh _mD$X

Ab{hgbm_ Zo CgH$m Bg {H$Vm~ _| A`V R>mog Ama
~w{naH$ Cma hXrgm| Ama Aa~r _whmdam| Ho$ gmW {X`m h &
{Oggo hOaV _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ H$s ^{d`dmUr Ho$
AZwgma _mbdr _wh_X hgZ ~Q>mbdr H$s ~S>r e{_XJr hB
Ama PyR>r {dVm IwbH$a gm_Zo Am JB & BgHo$ A{V[aV AmnZo
Bg {H$Vm~ _| _w~mhbm Ho$ KmofUmn H$s dmV{dH$Vm ^r ~`mZ
H$s & {OgHo$ H$maU ~Q>mbdr Zo AmnHo$ {d gaH$ma Ho$ nmg
~hV gr {eH$m`V| H$aHo$ Ama PyR>r I~a| nhMmH$a ^m{V`m nXm
H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee H$s Wr &
H$meZ {d^mJ gXa AOw_Z Ah_{X`m H$m{X`mZ hOaV
B_m_ O_mAV Ah_{X`m nM_ H$s _Oyar go Bg {H$Vm~ H$mo
nhbr ~ma {hXr ^mfm _| AZwdmX H$admH$a H$m{eV H$aZo H$m
gm^m` mV H$a ahm h & Bg {H$Vm~ H$m {hXr ^mfm _|
AZwdmX AmXaUr` _mbdr Abr hgZ gm{h~ E_. E. Zo {H$`m
h & Abmh VAmbm Ch| {V\$b XmZ H$ao Ama Bg {H$Vm~
H$mo nmR>H$m| Ho$ {bE g_mJ mpV H$m gmYZ ~ZmE & Am_rZ !
^dXr`
A`j H$meZ {d^mJ
gXa AOw_Z Ah_{X`m H$m{X`mZ

amO-E-hH$sH$V

AZwdmX :- ho wXm ! ho g_mJ Ho$ CXJ_ ! H$nm H$aHo$

Bg C_V H$s AmI| Imob Xo &
ho g`m{^bmfr ! Vy Bg Nw>no hE ah`* H$s Amoa EH$
~ma `mZ Xo Vm{H$ Vy ^_ Ama eH$mAm| go Nw>Q>H$mam nmE &
(AZwdmXH$)

`h {H$Vm~ {OgH$m Zm_ h

amO-E-hH$sH$V
hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$s ghr Ama gMr OrdZr H$Q>
H$aVr h Ama h_mao _w~mhbm (EH$-Xgao H$mo emn XoZm) Ho$ ~mao
_| H$B ZgrhV| H$aHo$ _w~mhbm Ho$ _yb Co` H$mo ~VmVr h &
* Nw>no hE ah` go Vmn` hOaV _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ H$s
AnZr {H$Vm~ amO-E-hH$sH$V h - AZwdmXH$ &
(1)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

KmofUm
{Xg~a _| Nw>{>`m| Ho$ {XZm| _| h_oem
Obgm hmoVm Wm bo{H$Z Bg {Xg~a _| _ Ama
_oao Ka Ho$ bmoJ Ama A{YH$Va godH$ nwf
Ama p`m _mg_r ~r_mar go ~r_ma h &
_oh_mZm| H$s godm _| H$mdQ> hmoJr Xgao ^r
H$B H$maU h {OZH$m {bIZm A{YH$ {dVma
H$aZm h & Bg{bE KmofUm H$s OmVr h {H$
Bg ~ma H$moB Obgm Zht hmoJm & h_mao gmao
{_JU gy{MV ah| &
dgbm_
CXKmofH$
{_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X

(2)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

{~p_bm{hah_m{Zhr_
(AZwdmX :- {Z:gXoh Abmh CZ bmoJm| Ho$ gmW h Omo
Vdm YmaU H$aVo h Ama Xgam| na CnH$ma H$aVo h AZwdmXH$ &)
(AZwdmX :- wXm H$ao Cg ZrM H$m {Xb H$^r Iwe Z hmo
{OgZo Xw{Z`m Ho$ {bE XrZ (Y_) H$mo ~~mX H$a {b`m &)
(AZwdmXH$)
_ AnZr O_mAV Ho$ {bE {deof$n go `h BpVhma
H$m{eV H$aVm h {H$ do Cg BpVhma Ho$ n[aUm_ H$s Vrjm
H$aVo ah| Omo 21 Zd~a gZ 1898 B. H$mo ~Vma _w~mhbm eoI
_wh_X hgZ ~Q>mbdr gm{h~ BemAVwgwZ: Ama CgHo$ Xmo
gm{W`m| Ho$ ~mao _| H$m{eV {H$`m J`m h & {OgH$s g_`
gr_m 15 OZdar gZ 1900 B. _| g_mV hmoJr &
_ AnZr O_mAV H$mo Hw$N> eX ZgrhV Ho$ Vma na H$hVm
h {H$ do Vdm YmaU H$aHo$ `W ~mVm| Ho$ _wH $m~bo _| `W
~mV| Z H$a| Ama Jm{b`m| Ho$ _wH $m~bo na Jm{b`m Z X| & do
~hV Hw$N> hgr Ama R>>m gwZJ| o Ogm {H$ do gwZ aho h _Ja
Mm{hE {H$ Im_moe ah|, Vdm Ama ZoH$ Zr`Vr Ho$ gmW wXm
VAmbm Ho$ \$gbo H$s Amoa `mZ X| & AJa do MmhVo h {H$
wXm VAmbm H$s pQ> _| ghm`Vm `mo` R>ha| Vmo ZoH$s, Vdm
Ama Y` H$mo hmW go Z OmZo X| & A~ Cg AXmbV Ho$ gm_Zo
_wH $_o H$s {_b h Omo {H$gr H$s [a`m`V Zht H$aVr Ama
YQ>Vm Ho$ VarH$m| H$mo ngX Zht H$aVr & O~ VH$ BgmZ
AXmbV Ho$ H$_ao go ~mha h hmbm{H$ CgHo$ XH$_ H$s ^r nH$S>
h _Ja Cg BgmZ Ho$ AnamY H$s nH$S> ~hV gV h Omo
(3)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

AXmbV Ho$ gm_Zo IS>o hmoH$a YQ>Vm nydH $ AnamY H$aVm h&
Bg{bE _ Vwh| H$hVm h {H$ wXm VAmbm H$s AXmbV H$s
VmhrZ go S>amo Ama {dZ_Vm Ed Y` Ama Vdm YmaU H$amo Ama
wXm VAmbm go Mmhmo {H$ dh Vw_ _| Ama Vwhmar H $m_ _|
{ZU` H$ao & C{MV h {H$ eoI _wh_X hgZ Ama CgHo$ gm{W`m|
go {~Hw$b _wbmH$mV Z H$amo `m|{H$ H$^r-H$^r ~mVMrV bS>mBPJS>o H$m H$maU ~Z OmVr h Ama Cm_ h {H$ Bg Ad{Y _|
Hw$N> ~hg-_w~mhgm ^r Z H$amo `m|{H$ H$^r-H$^r ~hg-_w~mhgo
go d^mdm| _| J_u nXm hmoVr h& Amd`H$ h {H$ gH$_,
gMmB Ama Vdm _| AmJo H $X_ ~T>mAmo `m|{H$ wXm CZH$mo Omo
Vdm YmaU H$aVo h H$^r ZQ> Zht H$aVm & XoImo hOaV _ygm
Z~r Ab{hgbm_ Omo g~go A{YH$ AnZo `wJ _| J^ra Ama
g`_r Wo, Vdm H$s ~aH$V go {\$aAmZ na H$go {dO`r hE &
{\$aAmZ MmhVm Wm {H$ CZH$mo _mV Ho$ KmQ> CVma Xo bo{H$Z
hOaV _ygm Ab{hgbm_ H$s AmIm| Ho$ gm_Zo wXm VAmbm Zo
{\$aAmZ H$mo CgH$s gmar \ $mO Ho$ gmW Sw>~mo {X`m & {\$a hOaV
Bgm Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ `wJ _| XQ> `h{X`m| Zo `h Mmhm {H$
CZH$m dY H$a X| Ama Z Ho$db dY H$a| ~pH$ CZH$s n{d
Am_m na gbr~r _mV go bm'ZV H$m XmJ bJm X|, `m|{H$
VmamV _| {bIm Wm {H$ Omo `pV bH$S>r AWmV gbr~ na _mam
OmE dh bm'ZVr h AWmV CgH$m {Xb JXm, An{d Ama wXm
Ho$ gm_r` go Xa hmo OmVm h VWm wXm H$s Amoa go {YH$V
Ama eVmZ Ho$ g_mZ hmo OmVm h Bgr{bE bBZ eVmZ H$m Zm_
h & `h ~hV hr ~wam fS>` Wm Omo hOaV _grh Ho$ ~mao _|
gmoMm J`m Wm Vm{H$ Bggo dh Zmbm`H$ H $m_ `h {ZH$f
{ZH$mbo {H$ `h `pV nmH${Xb Ama gMm Z~r Ama wXm H$m
`mam Zht h ~pH$ bm'ZVr h {OgH$m {Xb n{d Zht h &
(4)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

Ogm {H$ bm'ZV H$m AW h {H$ dh IwXm go nyUV : {d_wI Ama

wXm Cggo {d_wI h bo{H$Z H $m{Xa H $`y_ wXm Zo ~XZr`V
`h{X`m| H$mo Cg BamXo go ZmH$m_ Ama Zm_wamX aIm Ama AnZo
n{d Z~r H$mo Z Ho$db gbr~r _mV go ~Mm`m ~pH$ CgH$mo
EH$ gm ~rg df* VH$ {OXm aIH$a g_V `hXr ewAm| H$mo
* _m{UV hXrg go gm{~V h {H$ hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$s EH$ gm
~rg df H$s Am`w hB Wr, bo{H$Z V_m_ `hXr Ama BgmB`m| Ho$
_VmZwgma gbr~ H$s KQ>Zm Cg g_` KQ>r Wr O~ hOaV _grh H$s
Am`w Ho$db V|Vrg df H$s Wr & Bg Xbrb go nQ> h {H$ hOaV
Bgm Ab{hgbm_ Zo wXm H$s H$nm go gbr~ go Nw>Q>H$mam nmH$a eof
Am`w ^_U _| `VrV H$s Wr & _m{UV hXrgm| go `h _mU {_bVm
h {H$ hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ g`mh (^_U H$aZo dmbo) Z~r Wo &
AJa dh gbr~ H$s KQ>Zm Ho$ g_` nm{Wd eara Ho$ gmW Amg_mZ
na Mbo JE Wo Vmo ^_U {H$g O_mZo _| {H$`m & hmbm{H$ eXH$mof
{bIZo dmbo ^r _grh Ho$ eX H$m EH$ H$maU `h ~`mZ H$aVo h {H$
`h eX _gh go {ZH$bm h Ama _gh ^_U H$mo H$hVo h & BgHo$
A{V[aV `h AmWm {H$ wXm Zo `h{X`m| go ~MmZo Ho$ {bE hOaV
Bgm H$mo Xgao Amg_mZ na nhM m {X`m Wm {~Hw$b `W _mby_ hmoVm
h, `m|{H$ wXm Ho$ Bg H$m_ go `h{X`m| na H$moB VH$ nyam Zht
hmoVm& `h{X`m| Zo Z Vmo Amg_mZ na MT>Vo XoIm Ama Z AmO VH$
CVaVo XoIm & {\$a do Bg {ZaWH$ Ama {~Zm gw~yV {H$go H$mo H$go
_mZ gH$Vo h ? BgHo$ A{V[aV `h ^r gmoMZo Ho$ bm`H$ h {H$ wXm
VAmbm Zo AnZo agyb H$ar_ hOaV g`[XZm _wh_X gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ H$mo Hw$ae bmoJm| Ho$ h_bo Ho$ g_` Omo `h{X`m| H$s
Anojm `mXm ~hmXa `mom Ama ewVm aIZo dmbo Wo, {g\$ Cgr Jw\ $m
H$s nZmh _| ~Mm {b`m Omo _H$m _wA O
_m go Ho$db VrZ _rb H$s
Xar na Wr Vmo `m wXm VAmbm H$mo S>anmoH$ `h{X`m| go BVZm S>a Wm
{H$ Xgao Amg_mZ na nhM mE {~Zm CgHo$ {Xb _| `h{X`m| Ho$ A`m`
H$m ^` Xa Zht hmo gH$Vm Wm ~pH$ `h {H$gm gamga H$hmZr Ho$
aJ _| ~Zm`m J`m h Ama Hw$aAmZ H$ar_ Ho$ gamga {dnarV h
(5)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

CgHo$ gm_Zo ZQ> H$a {X`m & hm wXm VAmbm Ho$ Cg AZm{X
{Z`_ Ho$ AZwgma H$moB ^r gm{h~o {h_V Z~r Eogm Zht JwO
am
{OgZo bmoJm| H$s Amoa go gVmE OmZo Ho$ H$maU {hOaV Z H$s
hmo & hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ Zo ^r VrZ df Ho$ Mma Ho$ ~mX
gbr~r Cnd go _wpV nmH$a {hXVmZ H$s Amoa {hOaV H$s
eof hm{e`m :- Ama ~S>o nQ> _mUm| go PyR>m gm{~V hmoVm h & h_
~`mZ H$a MwH$o h {H$ gbr~r KQ>Zm H$s Agb dmV{dH$Vm OmZZo Ho$
{bE _ah_-E-Bgm EH$ kmZ H$m _m`_ Ama gMmB kmV H$aZo Ho$
{bE CM loUr H$m n_mZm h Ama Bg dUZ go nyUV : _wPo Bg {bE
OmZH$mar h {H$ _ EH$ d ImZXmZ go h Ama _oao {nVmOr {_Om
J bw m_ _wVOw m gm{h~ Omo Bg {Obo Ho$ EH$ {VpR>V ~S>o AmX_r Wo Ama
CM loUr Ho$ Hw$eb d Wo {Ohm|Zo bJ^J AnZr Am`w Ho$ 60 gmb
Bg VOw~m _| bJmE Wo Ama Ohm VH$ g^d Wm {M{H$gm H$s {H$Vm~m|
H$m EH$ ~S>m ^S>ma O_m {H$`m Wm & _Zo d` {M{H$gm H$s {H$Vm~|
nT>t h Ama CZ {H$Vm~m| H$mo h_oem XoIVm ahm & Bg{bE _ AnZr
`pVJV OmZH$mar go ~`mZ H$aVm h {H$ EH$ hOma go A{YH$ Eogr
{H$Vm~| hm|Jr {OZ_| _ah_-E-Bgm H$m dUZ h Ama CZ_| `h ^r
{bIm h {H$ `h _ah_ hOaV Bgm Ho$ {bE ~ZmB JB Wr & CZ
{H$Vm~m| _| go H$B `h{X`m| H$s {H$Vm~| h Ama H$B BgmB`m| H$s Ama
H$B _Oy{g`m| H$s & AV: kmZ H$s ImoO go `h EH$ gw~Vy {_bVm h
{H$ {Z:gXoh hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ Zo gbr~ go [ahmB nmB Wr&
AJa BOrb dmbm| Zo BgHo$ CbQ> {bIm h Vmo CZH$s Jdmhr WmoS >r gr
^r {ddmg Ho$ `mo` Zht & `m|{H$ W_V: do bmoJ Vmo gbr~ H$s
KQ>Zm Ho$ g_` dhm _mOXy Zht Wo ~pH$ AnZo AmH$m go ~od\$mB
H$aHo$ g~ Ho$ g~ ^mJ JE Wo Ama Xgar ~mV `h h {H$ BOrbm| _|
A`V _V^oX h `hm VH$ {H$ ~aZ~mg H$s BOrb _| hOaV _grh
Ho$ gbr~ na _aZo go BH$ma {H$`m J`m h & Vrgar ~mV `h h {H$
Bht BOrbm| _| Omo ~S>r {ddV g_Pr OmVr h {bIm h {H$ hOaV
_grh Ab{hgbm_ gbr~ H$s KQ>Zm Ho$ ~mX AnZo hdm[a`m| (ghMam|)
H$mo {_bo Ama AnZo Kmd CZH$mo {XIbmE & AV: Bg ~`mZ go kmV
(6)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

Ama `h{X`m| Ho$ Xgao H $~rbm| H$mo Omo ~m{~b go _V^oX Ama
A`mMma Ho$ O
_mZo _| {hXVmZ, H$_ra Ama {V~V _| AmE
hE Wo, wXm VAmbm H$m gXoe nhM mH$a AVV: dJ-g_mZ
H$_ra H$s YaVr _| _`w nmB Ama lrZJa Ho$ _whbm mZ`ma
_| nyao g_mZ Ho$ gmW XZ {H$E J`o & AmnH$s H $~ ~hV
eof hm{e`m :- hmoVm h {H$ Cg g_` Kmd _mOyX Wo {OZHo$ {bE
_ah_ V`ma H$aZo H$s Amd`H$Vm Wr & Bg{bE {Z:gXoh g_Pm
OmVm h {H$ Eogo Adga na dh _ah_ ~Zm`m J`m Wm & BOrbm| go
gm{~V hmoVm h {H$ hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ Cgr Amgnmg Ho$ BbmHo$
_| Mmbrg {XZ Nw>n-Nw>nH$a aho Ama O~ _ah_ Ho$ bJmZo go nyUV:
R>rH$ hmo JE V~ AmnZo `mm H$s & IoX h {H$ EH$ S>mQ>a gm{h~ Zo
amdbqnS>r go EH$ KmofUmn H$m{eV {H$`m h {Og_| Chm|Zo Bg ~mV
go BH$ma {H$`m h {H$ _ah_-E-Bgm H$m ZwIm {d{^Z H$m_m| H$s
{H$Vm~m| _| nm`m OmVm h & kmV hmoVm h {H$ CZH$mo BZ KQ>Zm Ho$
gwZZo go {H$ hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ gbr~ na Zht _ao ~pH$
O_r hmoZo H$s hmbV _| {OXm [ahmB nmB, ~S>r K~amhQ> nXm hB
Ama gmoMm {H$ Bggo H$\ $mam H$m gmam fS>` PyR>m R>haVm h bo{H$Z
`h e_ Ho$ `mo` ~mV h {H$ CZ {H$Vm~m| Ho$ hmoZo go BH$ma {H$`m
OmE {OZ_| `h Zwm _ah_-E-Bgm _mOXy h& AJa dh gMmB
OmZZm MmhVo h Vmo h_mao nmg AmH$a CZ {H$Vm~m| H$mo XoI b| &
BgmB`m| Ho$ {bE Ho$db `hr _wgr~V Zht {H$ _ah_-E-Bgm H$s
Eo{Vhm{gH$ Jdmhr CZ {gmVm| H$mo a H$aVr h Ama H$\$mam Ama
Vbrg= B`m{X H$s gmar B_maV VwaV {Ja OmVr h ~pH$ BZ {XZm|
Bg gw~yV Ho$ g_WZ _| Xgao gw~yV ^r {ZH$b AmE h `m|{H$ ImoO
go gm{~V hmoVm h {H$ hOaV _grh Ab{hgbm_ Zo gbr~r KQ>Zm go
~MH$a {hXVmZ H$m Ad` $n go g\$a {H$`m h Ama Znmb go
hmoVo hE {V~V VH$ nhMo Ama {\$a H$_ra _| b~o g_` VH$ aho
Ama ~Zr BmBb Ho$ do bmoJ Omo H$_ra _| ~m{~b H$s _wIm{b\$V Ama
=AWmV ~mn, ~oQ>m Ama $hbHw$Xg Ho$ Zm_ go VrZ wXmAm| Ho$ _mZZo
H$m {gmV - AZwdmXH$ &
(7)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

_eha h, CgHo$ XeZ {H$E OmVo h Ama Cggo ~aH$V br OmVr

h & Bgr Vah wXm VAmbm Zo h_mao gaXma d _mbm Z~r
Am{O
_mZ hOaV _wh_X gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo Omo
g_V gXmMm[a`m| Ho$ gaXma Wo {^Z-{^Z H$ma Ho$ g_WZ
Ama ghm`VmAm| go H$m_`m~ {H$`m & `{n ma^ _| hOaV _ygm
eof hm{e`m :- A`mMma Ho$ g_` _| AmH$a ~go Wo CZH$mo {ejmE Xt
Ama AVV: EH$ gm ~rg df H$s Am`w _| lrZJa _| XohmV nmE Ama
_whbm mZ`ma _| X\$Z hE Ama bmoJm| H$s J bV ~`mZr go `yO

=
Amg\$ Z~r Ho$ Zm_ go _eha hmo JE & Bg KQ>Zm H$m g_WZ dh
BOrb ^r H$aVr h Omo A^r {V~V go {_br h & `h BOrb ~S>r
H$mo{ee go bXZ go mV hB h & h_mao {ZN>b {_ eoI
ah_Vwbmh gmh~ `mnmar bJ^J VrZ _mh VH$ bXZ _| aho Ama
=ZmoQ> :- EH$ _yI _wgb_mZ Zo AnZo {Xb go hr `h ~mV VwV H$s
h {H$ em`X `yO Amg\$ go Amg\$ H$s nZr _wamX hmo Omo gwb_mZ
H$m dOra Wm _Ja Cg _yI H$mo `h g_P Zht Am`m {H$ Amg\$ H$s
nZr Z~r Zht Wr Ama CgH$mo emhOmXm Zht H$h gH$Vo & `h ^r
Zht gmoMm {H$ `h XmoZm| nwpbJ Zm_ h & rqbJ Ho$ {bE AJa dh
`h {deofVmE ^r aIVr hmo Vmo Z~r`: `m emhOmXr H$hm OmEJm Z
{H$ Z~r Ama emhOmXm & Cg AZnT> Zo `h ^r Zht gmoMm {H$
CZrg gm H$s Ad{Y hOaV Bgm Ho$ O_mZo go hr _ob ImVr h &
gwb_mZ Vmo hOaV Bgm go H$B gm df nhbo hAm Wm & BgHo$
A{V[aV Cg Z~r H$s H $~ H$mo Omo lrZJa _| h H$B `yO Amg\$ Ho$
Zm_ go nwH$maVo h bo{H$Z A{YH$Va bmoJ `h H$hVo h {H$ `h hOaV
Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$s H$~ h & h_mao {ZN>b _mbdr AXbmh
gm{h~ H$_rar Zo O~ lrZJa _| Bg H$~ Ho$ ~mao _| OmM nS>Vmb
ew$ H$s Vmo H$B bmoJm| Zo `yO Amg\$ H$m Zm_ gwZH$a H$hm {H$ h_
_| dh H$~ Bgm gmh~ H$s H$~ Ho$ Zm_ go _eha h & AV: H$B
bmoJm| Zo `hr Jdmhr Xr Omo A~ VH$ lrZJa _| {OXm _mOyX h &
{OgH$mo gXoh hmo dh d` H$_ra _| OmH$a H$B bmI bmoJm| go nyN>
bo & A~ BgHo$ ~mX BH$ma H$aZm ~oe_u h &
(8)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

Ama hOaV Bgm H$s Vah AmnH$mo ^r {hOaV H$aZr nS>r bo{H$Z
dhr {hOaV ghm`Vm Ama {dO` H$s ma{^H$ {deofVmE AnZo
AXa aIVr Wr & AV: ho {_mo ! {ZgXoh OmZ bmo {H$
_wmH$s H$^r ~~mX Zht {H$`m OmVm & O~ Xmo nj Amng _|
X_Zr H$aVo h Ama X_Zr H$mo Ma_gr_m VH$ nhM mVo h Vmo
eof hm{e`m :- Bg BOrb H$mo Vbme H$aVo aho & AVV: EH$ OJh
go {_b JB & `h BOrb ~w Y_ H$s EH$ nwamZr {H$Vm~ H$m _mZmo
EH$ {hgm h& ~w Y_ H$s {H$Vm~m| go `h _mU {_bVm h {H$
hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ {hXVmZ _| AmE Ama EH$ b~o g_` VH$
{d{^Z bmoJm| H$mo CnXoe XoVo aho Ama ~w Y_ H$s {H$Vm~m| _|, Omo
CZHo$ BZ Xoem| _| AmZo H$m dUZ {bIm J`m h CgH$m dh H$maU
Zht Omo bm~o H$hVo h {H$ Chm|Zo JmV_ ~w H$s {ejm \$m`Xo Ho$
Vma na nmB Wr Eogm H$hZm EH$ XQ>Vm h ~pH$ Agb dmV{dH$Vm
`h h {H$ O~ wXm VAmbm Zo hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$mo gbr~
na _aZo go ~Mm {b`m Vmo Chm|Zo CgHo$ ~mX Cg jo _| ahZm C{MV
Z g_Pm & {Og Vah H $w ae Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ A`{YH$ A`mMma T>mZo Ho$
g_` AWmV O~ Chm|Zo AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo
H$b H$aZo H$s R>mZ br Vmo AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo
AnZo jo go {hOaV H$s Wr & Bgr Vah hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ Zo
`h{X`m| Ho$ A`{YH$ A`mMma T>mZo Ho$ g_` AWmV H$b Ho$ BamXm
Ho$ g_` {hOaV H$s & My{H$ ~Zr BmBb ~wVm Zga Ho$ A`mMma
H$mb _| {VVa-{~Va hmoH$a {hXVmZ, H$_ra, {V~V Ama MrZ H$s
Amoa Mbo AmE Wo & Bg{bE hOaV _grh Ab{hgbm_ Zo Bht Xoem|
H$s Amoa {hOaV H$aZm O $ar g_Pm &
B{Vhmg go Bg ~mV H$m ^r nVm {_bVm h {H$ H$B `hXr Bg Xoe _|
AmH$a AnZr nwamZr d{m Ho$ AZwgma ~m Y_ _| ^r Xm{Ib hmo JE
Wo & AV: A^r {ZH$Q> hr Omo EH$ boI {g{db {_{bQ>r JOQ> nMm
23 Zd~a gZ 1898 B. N>nm h & Cg_| EH$ AJOo AdofH$ Zo Bg
~mV H$m BH$ama ^r {H$`m h Ama Bg ~mV H$mo ^r _mZ {b`m h {H$
`h{X`m| Ho$ Hw$N> gXm` Bg Xoe _| AmE Wo Ama Bg Xoe _| ~g
(9)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

dh nj Omo wXm H$s pQ> _| _wmH$s Ama nahoO

Jma hmoVm h
Amg_mZ go CgHo$ {bE ghm`Vm CVaVr h Ama Bg Vah na
Amg_mZr {ZU` go Ym{_H$ PJS>o {ZU` nm OmVo h & XoImo
h_mao gaXma d _mbm Z~r gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$go
H$_Omoar H$s hmbV _| _H$m _| H$Q> hE Wo Ama CZ {XZm|
eof hm{e`m :- JE Wo Ama Bgr nMm {g{db _| {bIm h {H$ ""Agb
_| A\$JmZ ^r ~Zr BmBb _| go h &'' AVEd O~ H$B ~Zr
BmBb ~m Y_ drH$ma H$a MwH$o Wo Vmo Ad` Wm {H$ hOaV Bgm
Ab{hgbm_ Bg Xoe _| AmH$a ~m Y_ H$s Ag{b`V H$s Amoa
`mZ XoVo Ama Cg Y_ Ho$ JwAm| go {_bVo & AV: Eogm hr hAm &
Bgr H$maU go hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$s {OXJr Ho$ hmbmV ~m
Y_ _| {bIo JE & kmV hmoVm h {H$ Cg O _mZo _| Bg Xoe _| ~m
Y_ H$m ~hV O moa Wm Ama doX H$m Y_ _a MwH$m Wm Ama ~m Y_
doX H$m BH$ma H$aVm Wm &= gmame `h {H$ BZ gmar ~mVm| H$mo
EH$ H$aZo go Ad` `h n[aUm_ {ZH$bVm h {H$ hOaV Bgm
Ab{hgbm_ Bg Xoe _| Ad` AmE Wo & `h ~mV gMr Ama
_m{UV h {H$ ~m Y_ H$s {H$Vm~m| _| CZHo$ Bg Xoe _| AmZo H$m
dUZ h Ama Omo H$~ hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$s H$_ra _| h
{OgHo$ ~mao _| H$hm OmVm h {H$ dh bJ^J 1900 df go h, `h Bg
~mV Ho$ {bE ~hV ~S>m _mU h & g^dV: Cg H $~ Ho$ gmW Hw$N>
H$V~o hm|Jo Omo A~ {XImB Zht XoVo & BZ V_m_ ~mVm| H$s OmM nS>Vmb
Ho$ {bE h_mar O_mAV _| go EH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ OmM nS>Vmb H$s Q>r_
V`ma hmo ahr h {OgHo$ _w{I`m _oao Y_ ^mB _mbdr hH$s_ hmOr ZyrZ
gm{h~ {Z`wV hE h & `h Q>r_ Bg ImoO Ama OmM nS>Vmb Ho$ {bE
{d{^Z Xoem| _| {\$aoJr Ama BZ `mgaV Y_{ZR>m| H$m H$m_ hmoJm {H$
nmbr O~mZ H$s {H$Vm~m| H$mo ^r XoI| `m|{H$ `h ^r nVm bJm h
=ZmoQ> :- Ho$db `hr Zht {H$ ~m Y_ H$s H$B {H$Vm~m| _| hOaV
Bgm Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ {hXVmZ Ama {V~V _| AmZo H$m dUZ h
~pH$ h_| _m{UV gym| go kmV hAm h {H$ H$_ra Ho$ nwamZo
Eo{Vhm{gH$ boIm| _| ^r BgH$m dUZ h &
(10)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

A~yOhb B`m{X H$m{\$am| H$m H$gm ~mob~mbm Wm Ama bmIm|

AmX_r AmhO
aV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ mUm| Ho$ X_Z
hmo JE Wo Vmo {\$a `m MrO Wr {OgZo AVV: h_mao Z~r
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo g\$bVm Xr& {Z:gXoh OmZmo {H$
`hr n{d Am_m, gMmB Ama amV~mOr Wr & Bg{bE
eof hm{e`m :- {H$ hOaV _grh Cg jo _| ^r AnZo ImoE hE
AZw`m{``m| H$s Vbme _| JE Wo bo{H$Z H$_ra _| OmZm {\$a {V~V
_| OmH$a ~m Y_ H$s nwVH$m| go `h gmam nVm bJmZm Bg Q>r_ H$m
CmaXm{`d hmoJm & _oao Y_ ^mB eoI ah_Vwbmh gm{h~ `mnmar
bmhma Zo BZ V_m_ IMm] H$mo CR>mZo H$m {O_m {b`m h bo{H$Z AJa
`h g\$a ~Zmag, Zonmb, _mg, gdmV, H$_ra Ama {V~V B`m{X
Xoem| VH$ {H$`m OmE Ohm-Ohm hOaV _grh Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ R>haZo
H$m nVm {_bm h Vmo Hw$N> gXoh Zht {H$ `h ~S>o IM H$m H$m_ h
Ama C_rX H$s OmVr h {H$ Abmh VAmbm ha hmb _| BgH$mo nyam
H$aoJm & ha EH$ ~w{_mZ g_P gH$Vm h {H$ `h EH$ Eogm g~yV h
{H$ Bggo VwaV BgmB Y_ H$m VmZm-~mZm Qy>Q>Vm h Ama CZrg gm
df H$m fS>` AMmZH$ _ hmo OmVm h & Bg ~mV H$s nwpQ> hmo
JB h {H$ hOaV _grh Ab{hgbm_ H$m {hXVmZ Ama H$_ra
B`m{X _| AmZm EH$ gMr ~mV h Ama BgHo$ ~mao _| Eogo _mU
{_b JE h {H$ A~ do {H$gr _wIm{b\$ Ho$ fS>` go Nw>n Zht
gH$Vo& kmV hmoVm h BZ `W Ama J bV AH$sXm| H$s Bgr O _mZo VH$
{OXJr Wr & h_mao g`X d _mbm mV_wb Ap~`m gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ H$m `h H$hZm {H$ dh _grh _mD$X Omo AmZo dmbm
h gbr~ (H$s {dMmaYmamAm|) H$mo VmoS>oJm Ama Amg_mZr h{W`ma
(AWmV XAmAm|) go XOmb H$mo H $b H$aoJm & Bg hXrg Ho$ A~ `h
AW nQ> hE h {H$ Cg _grh Ho$ g_` _| O_rZ Ama Amg_mZ
H$m wXm AnZr Amoa go H$B Eogr MrO| Ama KQ>ZmE nXm H$a XoJm
{OZgo gbr~ Ama Vgbrg Ama H$\$ma: Ho$ {gmV d` I_ hmo
OmEJo& _grh H$m Amg_mZ go CVaZm ^r Bht AWm] Ho$ AZwgma h
{H$ Cg g_` Amg_mZ Ho$ wXm H$s BN>m go gbr~r {dMmaYmam H$mo
(11)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

^mB`mo ! Cg na Mbmo Ama Cg gMmB Ama n{d Am_m Ho$ Ka

_| ~S>o O
moa Ho$ gmW doe H$amo, {\$a erK hr XoI bmoJo {H$
wXm VAmbm Vwhmar _XX H$aoJm, dh wXm Omo AmIm| go A`
_Ja g~ MrOm| go `mXm M_H$ ahm h {OgHo$ Vmn go \$[aVo
^r S>aVo h & dh eoIr Ama MmbmH$s H$mo ngX Zht H$aVm Ama
S>aZo dmbm| na ah_ H$aVm h & Bg{bE Cggo S>amo Ama ha EH$
eof hm{e`m :- Qw>H$S>o-Qw>H$S>o H$aZo Ho$ {bE Iwbo-Iwbo _mU nXm hmo
OmEJo & AV: Eogm hr hAm & `h {H$gH$mo nVm Wm {H$ _ah_-EBgm H$m ZwIm gH$S>m| {M{H$gm H$s {H$Vm~m| _| {bIm hAm {_b
OmEJm & Bg ~mV H$s {H$gH$mo I~a Wr {H$ ~m Y_ H$s nwamZr
{H$Vm~m| go `h gw~Vy {_b OmEJm {H$ hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ em_
Xoe ({Ogo AmOH$b gr[a`m H$hVo h - AZwdmXH$) Ho$ `h{X`m| go
ZmC_rX hmoH$a {hXVmZ Ama H$_ra Ama {V~V H$s Amoa AmE
Wo &=
`h ~mV H$mZ OmZVm Wm {H$ hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$s H$_ra
_| H$~ h & `m BgmZ H$s VmH$V _| Wm {H$ BZ V_m_ ~mVm| H$mo
AnZo Omoa go nXm H$a gH$Vm & A~ `h KQ>ZmE Bg Vah go BgmB
Y_ H$mo {_Q>mVr h Ogo {H$ {XZ MT> OmZo go amV {_Q> OmVr h &
Bg KQ>Zm Ho$ gm{~V hmoZo go BgmB Y_ H$mo dh ZwH$gmZ nhMVm h
Omo Cg N>V H$mo nhM gH$Vm h {OgH$m gmam ~moP EH$ ehVra
(EH$ ~S>r bH$S>r Omo N>V nmQ>Zo Ho$ H$m_ AmVr h - AZwdmXH$) na
Wm & ehVra Qy>Q>m Ama N>V {Jar & AV: Bgr Vah Bg KQ>Zm Ho$
g~yV go BgmB Y_ H$m AV h & wXm Omo MmhVm h H$aVm h & Bht
H $w XaVm| go dh nhMmZm J`m h & XoImo H$go loR> AW Bg Am`V Ho$
=ZmoQ> :- hmb hr _| _wgb_mZm| H$s {bIr hB ^r Hw$N> nwamZr {H$Vm~| {_br
h {OZ_| nQ> Vma na `h ~`mZ _mOXy h {H$ `yO Amg\$ EH$ nJ ~a
Wm Omo {H$gr Xoe go Am`m Wm Ama emhOmXm ^r Wm Ama H$_ra _|
CgZo _`w nmB Ama ~`mZ {H$`m J`m h {H$ dh Z~r h_mao Z~r
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go 600 df nhbo JwO am h & (boIH$)
(12)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

~mV g_PH$a H$hmo & Vw_ CgH$s O_mAV hmo {OgH$mo CgZo ZoH$s
H$m AmXe {XImZo Ho$ {bE MwZm h & Bg{bE Omo `pV ~wamB
Zht N>mSo >Vm Ama CgH$m _wh PyR> go Ama CgH$m {Xb JXo
{dMmam| go nahoO
Zht H$aVm dh Bg O_mAV go AbJ {H$`m
OmEJm & ho wXm Ho$ ~Xmo ! {Xbm| H$mo gm\$ H$amo Ama AnZo
=
eof hm{e`m :- gm{~V hE {H$
AWmV H $b H$aZm Ama gbr~ go _grh H$m _maZm `h g~ PyR> h&
Agb ~mV `h h {H$ CZ bmoJm| H$mo YmoIm bJm h Ama _grh wXm
VAmbm Ho$ dmXo Ho$ AZwgma gbr~ go ~MH$a {ZH$b J`m & AJa
BOrb H$mo Jma go XoIm OmE Vmo BOrb ^r `hr Jdmhr XoVr h &
`m _grh H$s gmar amV H$s XX^ar XAm a hmo gH$Vr Wr ? `m
_grh H$m `h H$hZm {H$ _ `yZgw H$s Vah VrZ {XZ H $~ _| ahJ m,
`m BgH$m `h AW hmo gH$Vm h {H$ dh _wXm H$~ _| ahm ? `m
`yZwg _N>br Ho$ noQ> _| VrZ {XZ _V ahm Wm ? `m {nbmVyg H$s
nZr Ho$ dm~ go IwXm H$s `h _em Zht _mby_ hmoVr {H$ _grh H$mo
gbr~ go ~Mm bo & Bgr Vah _grh H$m ewH$dma Ho$ {XZ Am{ar
g_` na gbr~ na MT>mE OmZm Ama em_ hmoZo go nhbo CVmao OmZm
Ama nwamZr ar{V-[admO Ho$ AZwgma VrZ {XZ VH$ gbr~ na Z ahZm
Ama h>r Z VmoS>o OmZm Ama IyZ H$m {ZH$bZm, `m `o gmao do H$m_
Zht h Omo {Mbm-{MbmH$a H$h aho h {H$ `o gmao H$maU _grh H$s
OmZ ~MmZo Ho$ {bE nXm {H$E JE h Ama XAm H$aZo Ho$ gmW hr `o
ah_V Ho$ H$maU H$Q> hE & ^bm ^V H$s Eogr XAm Omo gmar amV
amo-amoH$a H$s JB H$~ a hmo gH$Vr Wr & {\$a _grh H$m gbr~ H$s
KQ>Zm Ho$ ~mX hdm[a`m| H$mo {_bZm Ama Kmd {XImZm Bg ~mV na {H$VZm
R>mgo _mU h {H$ dh gbr~ na Zht _am & AJa `h g` Zht h Vmo
^bm A~ _grh H$mo nwH$mamo {H$ Vwh| AmH$a {_b OmE {Og Vah {H$
hdm[a`m| H$mo {_bm Wm & AV: ha EH$ pQ> go gm{~V h {H$ hOaV
_grh H$s gbr~ go OmZ ~MmB JB Ama dh Bg {hXVmZ _| AmE,
`m|{H$ ~Zr BmBb Ho$ Xg {\$H$} Bht Xoem| _| Am JE Wo Omo AV _|
= gya: A{Zgm Am`V Z. 158

(13)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

_Zm| H$mo Ymo S>mbmo & Vw_ XmoJ bonZ go ha EH$ H$mo Iwe H$a
gH$Vo hmo _Ja wXm H$mo Bg AmXV go H$mo{YV H$amoJo & AnZo
mUm| na X`m H$amo Ama AnZr Zb H$mo ZQ> hmoZo go ~MmAmo &
H$^r g^d hr Zht {H$ wXm Vw_ go gZ hmo O~ VH$ Vwhmao
{Xb _| Cggo A{YH$ H$moB Xgam {` hmo & AJa MmhVo hmo {H$
Bgr X{Z`m _| wXm H$mo XoI bmo Vmo CgHo$ _mJ _| brZ hmo
eof hm{e`m :- _wgb_mZ hmo JE Ama {\$a Bbm_ drH$ma H$aZo Ho$
~mX VmamV _| {XE JE dmXm Ho$ AZwgma CZ_| H$B ~mXemh ^r hE
Ama `h EH$ Xbrb AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s
Zw~w dV H$s gMmB na h `m|{H$ VmamV _| dmXm Wm {H$ ~Zr BmBb
AmZo dmbo Z~r (AWmV AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ AZwdmXH$) Ho$ AZw`m`r hmoH$a emgZ Ama gmm nmEJo& AV: _grh
BZo _a`_ H$mo gbr~r _mV go _maZo H$m {H$gm `h EH$ Eogr OS>
h {H$ Bgr na Y_ Ho$ V_m_ {gmVm| AWmV H$\$ma: Ama Vgbrg
B`m{X H$s ~w{Z`mX aIr JB Wr Ama `hr dh {dMma h Omo BgmB`m|
Ho$ Mmbrg H$amoS > bmoJm| Ho$ {Xbm| _| ~R> J`m Ama BgHo$ J bV gm{~V
hmoZo go BgmB Y_ H$m Hw$N> ^r eof Zht ahVm & AJa BgmB`m| _|
H$moB {\$H$m Ym{_H$ ImoO H$s {Okmgm aIVm h Vmo g^d h {H$ BZ
g~yVm| go n[a{MV hmoH$a do ~hV OX BgmB Y_ H$mo N>mSo > Xo & `{X
Bg {Okmgm H$s AmJ `yamon Ho$ V_m_ {Xbm| _| ^S>H$ CR>o Vmo Omo
{Jamoh Mmbrg H$amoS> bmoJm| H$m CZrg gm df _| V`ma hAm h,
g^d h {H$ CZrg _mh Ho$ AXa wXm H$s ghm`Vm go EH$ nbQ>m
ImH$a _wgb_mZ hmo OmE, `m|{H$ gbr~r {dMmaYmam na {ddmg Ho$
~mX `h gm{~V hmoZm {H$ hOaV _grh gbr~ na Zht _mao JE
~pH$ Xgao Xoem| _| {\$aVo aho& `h Eogm {df` h {H$ AMmZH$ BgmB
AH$sXm| H$mo {Xbm| go {ZH$mbVm h Ama BgmB`V H$s X{Z`m _| EH$
~S>m ~Xbmd nXm H$aVm h & ho `mamo ! A~ BgmB Y_ H$mo N>moS>mo
{H$ wXm Zo hH$sH$V H$mo {XIm {X`m & Bbm_ H$s ameZr _| AmAmo
Vm{H$ _wpV nmAmo & gdk wXm OmZVm h {H$ `h gmar ZgrhV ZoH$
Zr`Vr go `mnH$ OmM nS>Vmb Ho$ ~mX H$s JB h - Bgr go &
(14)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

OmAmo, CgHo$ {bE Imo OmAmo Ama nyar Vah Cg Ho$ hmo OmAmo &
M_H$ma `m MrO h ? Ama M_H$ma H$~ H$Q> hmoVo h ?
AV: g_Pmo Ama `mX aImo {H$ {Xbm| H$s VXrbr Amg_mZ H$s
VXrbr H$mo MmhVr h & dh AmJ Omo {ZH$nQ> o_ Ho$ gmW
^S>H$Vr h dh ~bmoH$ H$mo {ZemZ H$s gyaV na {XImVr h &
gmao _mo{_Z hmbm{H$ gmYmaU Vma na ha EH$ ~mV _| gmPr h
`hm VH$ {H$ ha EH$ H$mo gmYmaU dm~| ^r AmVr h Ama H$B
bmoJm| H$mo Bhm_ ^r hmoVo h bo{H$Z dh M_H$ma Omo wXm H$m
Vmn Ama VoO AnZo gmW aIVm h Ama wXm H$mo {XIm XoVm h
dh wXm H$s EH$ {deof ghm`Vm hmoVr h Omo CZ ^Vm| H$s
{VR>m ~T>mZo Ho$ {bE H$Q> H$s OmVr h Omo wXm Ho$ g_j
mU `moN>mda H$aZo H$m WmZ aIVo h, O~{H$ do X{Z`m _|
~XZm_ {H$E OmVo h Ama CZH$mo ~wam H$hm OmVm h Ama PyR>m,
~XH$ma, bm'ZVr, XOmb, R>J Ama YmoI~o mO CZH$m Zm_ aIm
OmVm ho Ama CZH$mo {_Q>mZo H$s H$mo{ee| H$s OmVr h Vmo EH$
hX VH$ do g~ H$aVo Ama AnZo Amn H$mo Wm_o ahVo h & {\$a
wXm VAmbm H$s J a V MmhVr h {H$ CZHo$ g_WZ _| H$moB
{ZemZ {XIm Xo V~ AMmZH$ CZH$m {Xb X:IVm Ama grZm
J _JrZ hmo OmVm h V~ do wXm H$s MmIQ> na {JS>{JS>mhQ> Ho$
gmW PwH$Vo h Ama XX^ar XAmAm| H$m Amg_mZ na EH$ ^`mZH$
emoa nS>Vm h Ama {Og Vah A`{YH$ J_u Ho$ ~mX Amg_mZ
na N>mQo >-o N>mQo >o Qw>H$S>o ~mXb Ho$ nXm hmo OmVo h, {\$a do BH$>o
hmoH$a EH$ naV Xa naV ~mXb ~ZH$a AMmZH$ ~agZm ew$ hmo
OmVm h Bgr Vah Y_{ZR>m| H$s XX ^ar hB {JS>{JS>mhQ>| Omo
AnZo g_` na hmoVr h ah_V Ho$ ~mXbm| H$mo CR>mVr h Ama
AVV: EH$ {ZemZ H$s gyaV _| YaVr na CVaVr h & AV:
O~ Abmh Ho$ {H$gr _hmZ gMo ^V na H$moB A`mMma
(15)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

AnZr Ma_gr_m VH$ nhM OmE Vmo g_PZm Mm{hE {H$ A~

H$moB {ZemZ H$Q> hmoJm &
AZwdmX :- ha EH$ AmO_mBe, Omo wXm Zo Bg H$m_ Ho$
{bE _wH$a H$s h CgHo$ ZrMo ah_Vm| H$m OmZm Nw>nm aIm h&
(AZwdmXH$)
_wPo A\$gmog go Bg OJh `h ^r {bIZm nS>m h {H$ h_mao
{damoYr A`m`, PyR> Ama Q>To >no Z go Zht H$Vo & do wXm H$s
~mVm| Ama {ZemZm| H$mo ~S>r {Xboar go PwR>bmVo h & _wPo C_rX
Wr {H$ _oao 21 Zd~a 1898 B. Ho$ KmofUmn Ho$ ~mX Omo eoI
_wh_X hgZ ~Q>mbdr Ama _whX ~e Om\$a OQ>br Ama
A~wbhgZ {V~Vr Ho$ _wH$m~bo _| {bIm J`m Wm `h bmoJ
Im_moe ahVo `m|{H$ KmofUmn _| nQ> Vma na `o eX Wo {H$
15 OZdar gZ 1900 B. VH$ Bg ~mV H$s g_`-gr_m {ZYm[aV
hmo JB h {H$ Omo `pV PyR>m hmoJm, wXm CgH$mo e{_Xm Ama
An_m{ZV H$aoJm & `h EH$ Iwbr-Iwbr gMo Ama PyR>o H$s H$gmQ>r
Wr Omo wXm VAmbm Zo AnZo Bhm_ Ho$ mam H $m`_ H$s Wr &
Mm{hE Wm {H$ `o bmoJ Cg KmoUo mn Ho$ H$m{eV hmoZo Ho$ ~mX
Mwn hmo OmVo Ama 15 OZdar gZ 1900 B. VH$ wXm VAmbm Ho$
\ $ gbo H$s Vrjm H$aVo bo{H$Z IoX h {H$ Chm|Zo Eogm Zht {H$`m
~pH$ CnamoV OQ>br Zo 30 Zd~a gZ 1898 B. Ho$ AnZo
KmofUmn _| dhr JX {\$a ^a {X`m Omo h_oem go CgH$s AmXV
h Ama gamga PyR> go H$m_ {b`m & dh Cg KmofUmn _|
{bIVm h {H$ H$moB ^{d`dmUr Bg `pV AWmV Bg {dZrV H$s
nyar Zht hB & h_ BgHo$ Odm~ _| BgHo$ A{V[aV `m H$h| {H$
PyR>m| na Abmh H$s {YH$ma hmo & dh `h ^r H$hVm h {H$
AmW_ Ho$ ~mao _| ^{d`dmUr nyar Zht hB & h_ BgHo$ Odm~
(16)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

_| ^r PyR>m| na Abmh H$s {YH$ma hmo Ho$ A{V[aV Hw$N> Zht

H$h gH$Vo & dmV{dH$Vm Vmo `h h {H$ O~ BgmZ H$m {Xb
B`m Ama X_Zr go H$mbm hmo OmVm h Vmo dh XoIVo hE Zht
XoIVm Ama gwZVo hE Zht gwZVm, CgHo$ {Xb na wXm H$s _wha
bJ OmVr h CgHo$ H$mZm| na nX} nS> OmVo h & `h ~mV A~
VH$ {H$g go Nw>nr h {H$ AmW_ go g~{ YV ^{d`dmUr eV na
AmYm[aV Wr Ama wXm Ho$ Bhm_ Zo nQ> H$a {X`m Wm {H$ dh
gMmB H$s Amoa PwH$Zo H$s Xem _| g_`gr_m Ho$ AXa _aZo go
~M OmEJm & {\$a AmW_ Zo AnZr H$aZr, H$WZr, AnZr
e{_XJr, AnZo m\ $, AnZo H $g_ Z ImZo VWm Zm{be Z H$aZo
go gm{~V H$a {X`m {H$ ^{d`dmUr Ho$ {XZm| _| CgH$m {Xb
BgmB Y_ na H $m`_ Z ahm Ama Bbm_ H$s _hmZVm CgHo$ {Xb
_| ~R> JB Ama `h Hw$N> Ag^d Z Wm `m|{H$ dh _wgb_mZm|
H$s AmbmX Wm Ama Hw$N> dmWm] Ho$ H$maU Bbm_ go _wVX hAm
Wm & Bbm_ H$s {deofVmAm| go n[a{MV Wm Bgr H$maU go CgH$mo
nyUV : BgmB`m| H$s AmWm go gh_{V Zht Wr Ama _oao ~mao _|
dh ew$ go gX^md aIVm Wm & Bg{bE CgH$m Bbm_r
^{d`dmUr go S>aZm A`V dm^m{dH$ Wm & O~ CgZo H $g_
ImH$a AnZr BgmB`V gm{~V Z H$s Z Zm{be H$s Ama Mmoa H$s
Vah S>aVm ahm Ama BgmB`m| Ho$ A`V o[aV H$aZo go ^r dh
CZ H$m_m| Ho$ {bE V`ma Z hAm Vmo `m CgH$s `o haH$V| Eogr
Z Wt {H$ Bggo `h n[aUm_ {ZH$bo {H$ dh Bbm_r ^{d`dmUr
H$s _hmZVm go Ad` S>aVm ahm & bmnadmh {OXJr Ho$ bmoJ Vmo
`mo{V{f`m| H$s ^{d`dm{U`m| go ^r S>a OmVo h {\$a Eogr
^{d`dmUr Omo ~S>o Omoa-emoa go H$s JB Wr, {OgHo$ gwZVo hr
CgH$m aJ \$sH$m nS> J`m Wm {OgHo$ nya Z hmoZo H$s Xem _| _Zo
AnZo XpS>V hmoZo H$m dmXm {H$`m Wm & {\$a CgH$m am~ Eogo
(17)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

{Xbm| na Omo Ym{_H$ gMmB`m| go AZ{^k h `m| Z hmoVm &

AV: O~ `h ~mV Ho$db H$nZm Z ahr ~pH$ d` AmW_ Zo
AnZo ^` Ama K~amhQ> Ama A`V S>ar hB hmbV go {OgH$mo
gH$S>m| bmoJm| Zo XoIm, AnZo {Xb H$s ~oMZ r Ama B_mZr hmbV Ho$
~Xbmd H$mo nQ> H$a {X`m Ama {\$a g_`-gr_m Ho$ ~mX ^r
H $g_ Z ImZo Ama Zm{be Z H$aZo go Cg ~Xbmd H$s hmbV
H$mo Ama ^r A{YH$ {ddgZr` AdWm VH$ nhM m`m Ama wXm
Ho$ Bhm_ Ho$ AZwgma h_mao Am{ar KmofUmn go N>: _mh Ho$
AXa _a ^r J`m & AVEd `m `o gmar KQ>ZmE EH$ `m`{`
Ama Y_{ZR> Ho$ {Xb H$mo `h {ddmg Zht {XbmVt {H$ dh
^{d`dmUr H$s g_`-gr_m Ho$ AXa Bhm_r eV go \$m`Xm
CR>mH$a Or{dV ahm & {\$a wXm Ho$ Bhm_ H$s I~a Ho$ AZwgma
Jdmhr H$mo Nw>nmZo Ho$ H$maU _a J`m & A~ XoImo Ama Ty>T >mo {H$
AmW_ H$hm h ? `m dh {OXm h ? `m `h gM Zht {H$
dh H$B df go _a MwH$m, _Ja {Og `pV Ho$ gmW CgZo
S>mQ>a bmH$ H$s H$moR>r na A_Vga _| _wH $m~bm {H$`m Wm dh
Vmo A~ VH$ {OXm _mOXy h Omo A~ `h boI {bI ahm h & ho
{ZbO bmoJmo ! V{ZH$ Bg ~mV H$mo Vmo gmoMmo {H$ dh Jdmhr
H$mo Nw>nmZo Ho$ ~mX `m| OX _a J`m & _Zo Vmo CgH$s {OXJr
_| `h ^r {bI {X`m Wm {H$ AJa _ PyR>m h Vmo _ nhbo _$Jm
A`Wm _ AmW_ H$s _mV H$mo XoIJy m & Bg{bE AJa e_ h Vmo
AmW_ H$mo Ty>T >H$a bmAmo {H$ H$hm h ? dh _oar C_ Ho$ {ZH$Q>
Wm Ama Vrg gmb go _wP go n[a{MV Wm & AJa wXm MmhVm
Vmo dh Vrg gmb VH$ Ama Or{dV ah gH$Vm Wm {\$a `h `m
H$maU hAm {H$ dh Cht {XZm| _| O~ CgZo BgmB`m| H$s
{XbOmoB Ho$ {bE Bhm_r noeJmoB H$s gMmB Ama AnZo {Xb Ho$
PwH$md H$mo Nw>nm`m Ama wXm Ho$ Bhm_ Ho$ AZwgma _`w nm
(18)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

J`m & wXm CZ {Xbm| na bm'ZV S>mbVm h Omo gMmB H$mo nmH$a
{\$a CgH$m BH$ma H$aVo h Ama My{ H$ `h BH$ma Omo A{YH$Va
BgmB`m| Ama ~hV go XQ> _wgb_mZm| Zo {H$`m, wXm VAmbm H$s
pQ> _| Iwbm-Iwbm A`m` Wm Bg{bE CgZo EH$ Xgar ~S>r
^{d`dmUr H$mo nyam H$aHo$ AWmV n{S>V boIam_ H$s _mV H$s
noeJmoB go _wpH$am| H$mo e{_Xm Ama bpOV H$a {X`m & `h
^{d`dmUr BVZm ~S>m M_H$ma Wr {H$ Bg_| g_` go nyd AWmV
nmM df nhbo ~Vm`m J`m Wm {H$ boIam_ {H$g {XZ Ama {H$g
H$ma H$s _mV go _aoJm bo{H$Z IoX h {H$ of^mdZm aIZo dmbo
bmoJm| Zo {OZH$mo _aZm `mX Zht Bg ^{d`dmUr H$mo ^r drH$ma
Z {H$`m & wXm Zo ~hV go {ZemZ H$Q> {H$E _Ja `o g~ go
BH$ma H$aVo h & A~ `h KmofUmn 21 Zd~a gZ 1898 B.
Am{ar \ $ gbm h & Mm{hE {H$ ha EH$ g`m{^bmfr g~ go
Vrjm H$ao & wXm PyR>m,| H$O m~m| Ama YmoI~o mOm| H$s ghm`Vm
Zht H$aVm & H $w aAmZ ear\$ _| nQ> {bIm h {H$ wXm VAmbm
H$m `h dmXm h {H$ dh _mo{_Zm| Ama agybm| H$mo {dO`r H$aVm
h & A~ `h _m_bm Amg_mZ na h O _rZ na {MbmZo go Hw$N>
Zht hmoVm & XmoZm| nj CgHo$ gm_Zo h Ama erK hr nQ> hmo
OmEJm {H$ CgH$s ghm`Vm Ama _XX {H$g Va\$ AmVr h &
AV _| h_mam `hr H$hZm h {H$ gmar egmE Cg Abmh Ho$
{bE h Omo g_V bmoH$m| H$m {VnmbH$ h & gbm_Vr hmo Cg
na {OgZo {hXm`V H$m AZwgaU {H$`m &
CXKmofH$
mH$gma
{_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X H$m{X`mZ
30 Zd~a gZ 1898 B.
(19)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

_mbdr AXbmh gm{h~

{Zdmgr H$_ra H$m EH$ n
(bmoJm| H$s OmZH$mar hoVw hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$s
g_m{Y H$m _mZ{M Bg KmofUmn Ho$ gmW H$m{eV {H$`m
OmVm h)
{dZrV, AXbmh H$s Amoa go,
godm _|
_grh _mD$X
Agbm_mo AbHw$_ d ah_Vwbmho d ~aH$mVh
hOaV AH$Xg Bg {dZrV Zo AmnH$s AmkmZwgma lrZJa _|
{~Hw$b R>rH$ OJh na AWmV Abmh Ho$ Z~r emhOmXm `yO
Amg\$ Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ H$s n{d g_m{Y Wb na
nhwMH$a Ohm VH$ g^d Wm nyar H$mo{ee go OmM nS>Vmb H$s
Ama d Ama nwamZo bmoJm| go ^r nyN>m Ama _wOm{dam|* Ama
nmg-nS>mog Ho$ ahZo dmbo bmoJm| go ^r ha EH$ nhby go nyN>VmN>
H$aVm ahm & _hmoX` ! nyN>-VmN> Ama OmM nS>Vmbm| go _wPo
_mby_ hAm h {H$ `h g_m{Y dmV{dH$ $n go Abmh Ho$
Z~r OZm~ `yO Amg\$ Ab{hgbm_ H$s h Ama `h _wgb_mZm|
Ho$ _whbo _| h & dhm H$moB {hX Zht ahVm Ama Z dhm
{hXAm| H$s H$moB H$~ h Ama {ddgZr` bmoJm| H$s Jdmhr go
`h ~mV gm{~V hB h {H$ bJ^J CZrg gm df go `h H$~
h & _wgb_mZ ~hV AmXa Ama g_mZ H$s pQ> go CgH$mo
XoIVo h Ama CgH$s {O`maV (XeZ) H$aVo h Ama g~ H$m
H$hZm h {H$ Bg H$~ _| EH$ _hmZ nJ~a XZ h Omo
* AWmV g_m{Y H$s XoI^mb H$aZo dmbo - AZwdmXH$
(20)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

H$_ra _| {H$gr Ama Xoe go bmoJm| H$mo ZgrhV H$aZo Ho$ {bE
Am`m Wm Ama H$hVo h {H$ `h Z~r h_mao Z~r gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ go bJ^J N>: gm df nhbo JwOam h & `h
A~ VH$ nQ> Zht hAm {H$ Bg Xoe _| `m| Am`m &* bo{H$Z
`h KQ>ZmE gm{~V hmo MwH$s h Ama bJmVma _mUm| go nyao
* dh Z~r Omo h_mao Z~r gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go N>: gm df
nhbo JwOam h dh hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ h Ama H$moB Zht Ama
`ygw eX {~JS> H$a `yO Amg\$ ~ZZm ~hV g^d h `m|{H$ O~
`ygw Ho$ eX H$mo AJoOr _| ^r OrOg (Jesus) ~Zm {b`m h Vmo
`yO Amg\$ _| OrOg go `mXm AVa Zht h & `h eX gH$V go
H$Xm{n Zht {_bVm OwbVm ~pH$ nQ> Vma na B~mZr _mby_ hmoVm
h Ama hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ Bg Xoe _| `m| AmE BgH$m H$maU
nQ> h Ama dh `h h {H$ O~ em_= Ho$ `h{X`m| Zo AmnH$s
VbrJ (Mma) H$mo drH$ma Z {H$`m Ama AmnH$mo gbr~ na H$b
H$aZm Mmhm Vmo wXm VAmbm Zo AnZo dmXm Ho$ AZwgma Ama XAm H$mo
drH$ma H$aHo$ hOaV _grh H$mo gbr~ go {OXm ~Mm {b`m & Ogm
{H$ BOrb _| {bIm h {H$ hOaV _grh Ho$ {Xb _| Wm {H$ CZ
`h{X`m| H$mo ^r wXm VAmbm H$m nJm_ nhMmE Omo ~wIVm Zga
~mXemh H$s byQ>_ma Ama V~mhr Ho$ O_mZo _| {hXVmZ Ho$ BbmH$m|
_| Am JE Wo & Bg{bE Bgr Co` H$mo nyam H$aZo Ho$ {bE dh Bg
Xoe _| AmE & S>mQ>a d{Z`a gm{h~ \$mgrgr AnZo g\$aZm_m _|
{bIVo h {H$ H$B AJOo AdofH$m| Zo Bg am` H$mo ~S>r T>Vm Ho$ gmW
nQ> {H$`m h {H$ H$_ra Ho$ ahZo dmbo _wgb_mZ dVwV: BmBbr h
Omo {damoY Ama X_Zr Ho$ g_`m| _| Bg Xoe _| AmE Wo Ama CZHo$
b~o Mohao Ama b~o Hw$aVo Ama H$B a_mo[admO Bg ~mV Ho$ Jdmh
h & AV: A`V g^d h {H$ hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ em_ (Xoe)
Ho$ `h{X`m| go {Zame hmoH$a Bg Xoe _| AmE hE bmoJm| _| Y_ Mma
Ho$ {bE AmE hm|Jo & A^r {ZH$Q> Ho$ g_` _| Omo $gr ^_UH$Vm Zo
= dV_mZ H$mb _| Bgo gr[a`m Ho$ Zm_ go OmZm OmVm h- AZwdmXH$ &
(21)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

{ddmg VH$ nhM MwH$s h {H$ `h _hmZ `pV {OZH$m Zm_

H$_ra Ho$ _wgb_mZm| Zo `yO Amg\$ aI {b`m h, `h Z~r h
Ama ehOmXm ^r h Bg Xoe _| H$moB {hXAm| H$s Cnm{Y BZH$s
_eha Zht h Ogo {H$ amOm `m AdVma `m G${f _w{Z Ama
{g B`m{X ~pH$ g`moJ go g~ bmoJ Z~r H$hVo h Ama Z~r
eof hm{e`m :- EH$ BOrb {bIr h {OgH$mo bXZ go _Zo _Jdm`m h
dh ^r Bg am` _| h_ go gh_V h {H$ Ad` hOaV Bgm
Ab{hgbm_ Bg Xoe _| AmE Wo Ama Omo H${Vn` boIH$m| Zo `yO
Amg\$ Z~r H$s KQ>ZmE {bIr h {OZHo$ AZwdmX `yamon Ho$ Xoem| _| ^r
\$b JE h & CZH$mo nmXar bmoJ ^r nT>H$a ~hV hamZ h `m|{H$ do
{ejmE BOrb H$s nwamZr {ejm go ~hV {_bVr h ~pH$ A{YH$Va
boIm| _| EH$ Ogm {df` kmV hmoVm h Ama Bgr Vah {V~Vr BOrb,
BOrb H$s nwamZr {ejm go ~hV {_bVr-OwbVr h & AV: `h _mU
Eogo Zht h {H$ H$moB `pV nana of Ama ~bnydH$ VwaV BZH$mo
a H$a gHo$ ~pH$ BZ_| gMmB H$m _mU A`V nQ> Vma na
nm`m OmVm h Ama BVZo _mU h {H$ BH$>o H$aHo$ CZH$mo XoIZm Bg
{ZH$f VH$ nhM mVm h {H$ `h {ZamYma dUZ Zht h & `yO Amg\$
H$m Zm_ H$m B~mZr ^mfm go {_bVm-OwbVm hmoZm Ama `yO Amg\$ H$m
Zm_ Z~r _eha hmoZm, Omo Eogm eX h {H$ Ho$db BmBbr Ama
Bbm_r Z{~`m| na ~mobm J`m h Ama {\$a Cg Z~r Ho$ gmW
ehOmXm H$m eX hmoZm Ama {\$a Cg Z~r H$s {deofVmE hOaV
_grh Ab{hgbm_ go nyUV: {_bZm Ama CgH$s {ejm BOrb H$s
{eQ>mMma g~Yr {ejm go {~Hw$b EH$ Ogr hmoZm Ama {\$a
_wgb_mZm| Ho$ _whbo _| CgH$m X\$Z hmoZm Ama {\$a CZrg gm df
VH$ CgH$s H $~ H$s Ad{Y ~`mZ {H$E OmZm Ama {\$a Bg O _mZo _|
EH$ AJOo Ho$ mam {V~Vr BOrb H$m ~am_X hmoZm Ama Cg BOrb
_| nQ> Vma na hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$m Bg Xoe _| AmZm
gm{~V hmoZm, `h gmar Eogr KQ>ZmE h {H$ BZH$mo nyar Vah XoIZo go
Ad` `h {ZH$f {ZH$bVm h {H$ {Z:gXoh hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_
Bg Xoe _| AmE Wo Ama Bgr OJh _`w nmE & BgHo$ A{V[aV Ama
(22)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

H$m eX _wgb_mZm| Ama BmB{b`m| _| EH$ gmPm eX h Ama

O~ Bbm_ _| H$moB Z~r h_mao Z~r gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
Ho$ ~mX Zht Am`m Ama Z Am gH$Vm Wm Bg{bE H$_ra Ho$
g_V _wgb_mZ EH$ da _| `hr H$hVo h {H$ `h Z~r Bbm_
Ho$ nhbo H$m h & hm Bg {ZH$f VH$ do A~ VH$ Zht nhMo
{H$ O~ Z~r H$m eX {g\$ Xmo hr H$m_m| Ho$ Z{~`m| _| gmPm
Wm AWmV _wgb_mZm| Ama ~Zr BmBb Ho$ Z{~`m| _|, Ama
Bbm_ _| Vmo AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ ~mX
H$moB Z~r Am Zht gH$Vm Vmo Ad` `hr V` nm`m {H$ dh
BmBbr Z~r h `m|{H$ {H$gr Vrgar ^mfm Zo H$^r Bg eX
H$mo `moJ Zht {H$`m & {ZgXoh Bg gmPm H$m {g\$ Xmo
^mfmAm| Ama Xmo H$m_m| _| {d{eQ> hmoZm A{Zdm` h* _o
Zw~wdV Ho$ H$maU Bbm_r H$m_ Bggo ~mha hmo JB & Bg{bE
nQ>$n go `h ~mV V` hmo JB {H$ `h Z~r BmBbr Z~r
h & VnMmV H$_e: Eo{Vhm{gH$ _mUm| go `h gm{~V hmo
eof hm{e`m :- ^r ~hV go _mU h & AJa wXm Zo Mmhm Vmo Bg
na h_ EH$ AbJ {H$Vm~ {bI|Jo & ({dkmnH$)
* Z~r H$m eX Ho$db Xmo ^mfmAm| go {d{eQ> h Ama X{Z`m H$s {H$gr
A` ^mfm _| `h eX `moJ Zht hAm & AWmV EH$ Vmo B~mZr
^mfm _| `h eX Z~r AmVm h Ama Xgao Aa~r ^mfm _| & BgHo$
Abmdm X{Z`m H$s A` gmar ^mfmE Bg eX go Hw$N> g~Y Zht
aIVt & Bg{bE `h eX Omo `yO Amg\$ na ~mobm J`m {ebmboI
H$s Vah Jdmhr XoVm h {H$ `h `pV `m Vmo BmBbr Z~r h `m
Bbm_r Z~r, _Ja _-E-Zw~wdV Ho$ ~mX Bbm_ _| H$moB Ama
Z~r Zht Am gH$Vm & Bg{bE {ZpMV hAm {H$ `h BmBbr Z~r
h & A~ Omo Ad{Y ~VmB JB h Cg na nyUV : N>mZ~rZ Ama {dMma
H$aHo$ nyUV : \$gbm hmo OmVm h {H$ `h hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ h
Ama dhr ehOmXm Ho$ Zm_ go nwH$mao JE h & (boIH$)
(23)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

OmZm {H$ `h Z~r h_mao Z~r gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go

N>: gm df nhbo JwOam h, nhbo _mU H$mo Ama ^r {ddV
~Zm XoVm h Ama ~w{_mZm| H$mo ~S>r T>VmnydH$ Bg Va\$ bo
AmVm h {H$ `h Z~r hOaV _grh Ab{hgbm_ h H$moB Xgam
Zht `m|{H$ dhr BmBbr Z~r h Omo AmhOaV gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ go 600 df nhbo JwOao h & {\$a BgHo$ ~mX
Bg H${_H$ ~mV na Jma H$aZo go {H$ dh Z~r ehOmXm ^r
H$hbmVm h `h g~yV A`{YH$ nQ> hmo OmVm h `m|{H$ Bg
Ad{Y _| hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ A{V[aV H$moB Z~r
ehOmXm Ho$ Zm_ go H$^r _eha Zht hAm & AV: `yO Amg\$
H$m Zm_ Omo `ygw Ho$ eX go ~hV {_bVm h BZ gmar
{ddgZr` ~mVm| H$mo Ama ^r R>mog H$aVm h & {\$a KQ>ZmWb
na nhMZo go EH$ Ama _mU kmV hAm h Omo {H$ gbZ
_mZ{M go nQ> h {H$ Bg Z~r H$s H$~ X{jU Ama Cma
~Zr hB h Ama kmV hmoVm h {H$ Cma H$s Amoa {ga h Ama
X{jU H$s Amoa na h Ama XZ H$aZo H$m `h T>J _wgb_mZm|
Ama Ahbo {H$Vm~ (AWmV `hXr Ama BgmB`m| - AZwdmXH$) go
{deof h & BgHo$ g_WZ _| EH$ Ama g~yV h {H$ Bg _H$~am
Ho$ gmW hr Hw$N> WmoS>r gr Xar na H$moh-E-gwb_mZ Ho$ Zm_ go
EH$ nhmS> _eha h & Bg Zm_ go ^r nVm MbVm h {H$ H$moB
BmBbr Z~r Bg OJh Am`m Wm &*
* `h A{Zdm` Zht {H$ gwb_mZ go Vmn` gwb_mZ nJ~a hr hm|
~pH$ kmV hmoVm h {H$ H$moB BmBbr emgH$ hmoJm {OZHo$ Zm_ go
`h nhmS> _eha hmo J`m & Cg emgH$ H$m Zm_ gwb_mZ hmoJm &
`h `h{X`m| H$s A~ VH$ AmXV h {H$ Z{~`m| Ho$ Zm_ na A~ ^r
Zm_ aI boVo h & ~hahmb Cg Zm_ go ^r Bg ~mV H$m g~yV h
{H$ `h{X`m| H$m EH$ {Jamoh H$_ra _| Am`m Wm {OZHo$ {bE hOaV
Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$m H$_ra _| AmZm O $ar Wm - boIH$
(24)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

`h ~hV ~S>r _yIVm h {H$ Cg ehOmXm Z~r H$mo {hX

R>ham`m OmE Ama `h Eogr JbVr h {H$ BZ dbV _mUm|
Ho$ gm_Zo aIH$a BgHo$ a H$s ^r Amd`H$Vm Zht & gH$V
_| H$ht Z~r H$m eX Zht Am`m ~pH$ `h eX B~mZr
Ama Aa~r go {deof h Ama XZ H$aZm {hXAm| H$s a_
Zht, {hX bmoJ Vmo AnZo _wXm] H$mo ObmVo h AV: H$~ H$s
Xem ^r nyar Vah {ddmg {XbmVr h {H$ `h Z~r BmBbr
h & H$~ Ho$ npM_r Amoa EH$ {N> h, bmoJ H$hVo h {H$
Bg {N> go _Z_mohH$ Iwe~y AmVr h `h {N> H$m\$s ~S>m h
Ama H$~ Ho$ AXa VH$ h & Bggo g_Pm OmVm h {H$ {H$gr
~S>o Co` Ho$ {bE `h {N> aIm J`m h & g^dV: A{^boI
Ho$ Vma na Bg_| Hw$N> MrO| XZ hm|Jr & bmoJ H$hVo h {H$
Bg_| H$moB OmZm h _Ja `h {dMma {ddgZr` Zht
bJVm & hm My{H$ H$~m| _| Bg H$ma H$m {N> aIZm {H$gr
Xoe _| [admO Zht, Bggo g_Pm OmVm h {H$ Bg {N> _|
H$moB ~hV ~S>m ah` h Ama gH$S>m| gmb go bJmVma `h
{N> Mbo AmZm `h Ama ^r AOr~ ~mV h & Bg eha Ho$
{e`m bmoJ ^r H$hVo h {H$ `h {H$gr Z~r H$s H$~ h Omo
{H$gr Xoe go ^_U Ho$ Vma na Am`m Wm Ama ehOmXm H$r
Cnm{Y go Zm{_V Wm & {e`m| Zo _wPo EH$ {H$Vm~ ^r {XImB
{OgH$m Zm_ "EoZwb h`mV' h & Bg {H$Vm~ _| ~hV gm
dUZ nR> 119 na BZ ~m~{d`m Ama {H$Vm~ "H$_mbwrZ'
Ama "B_m_wZo_V' Ho$ hdmbo go {bIm h bo{H$Z do gmao `W
Ama PyR>o {H$go h Ho$db Bg {H$Vm~ _| BVZr hr gM ~mV
h {H$ boIH$ drH$ma H$aVm h {H$ `h Z~r g`mh (^_U
H$aZo dmbm) Wm Ama ehOmXm ^r, Omo H$_ra _| Am`m Wm &
Bg ehOmXm Z~r H$s H$~ H$m nVm `h h {H$ O~ Om_m
(25)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

_pOX go "~b' `_rZ H$s XaJmh `_rZ H$s Jbr _| AmE Vmo
`h n{d H$~ AmJo {_boJr & Bg _H$~ao H$s ~m`t Amoa H$s
Xrdma Ho$ nrN>o EH$ Jbr h Ama Xm{hZr Amoa EH$ nwamZr
_pOX h & kmV hmoVm h {H$ ~aH$V Ho$ Vma na {H$gr nwamZo
O_mZo _| Bg _Oma ear\$ Ho$ {ZH$Q> _pOX ~ZmB JB h
Ama Bg _pOX Ho$ gmW _wgb_mZm| Ho$ _H$mZ h Ama {H$gr
Xgar H$m_ H$m Zm_mo{ZemZ Zht, Ama Bg Abmh Ho$ Z~r
H$s H$~ Ho$ {ZH$Q> Xm{hZo H$moZo _| EH$ nWa aIm h {Og
na BgmZ Ho$ nmd H$m {ZemZ h & H$hVo h {H$ `h H$X_
agyb H$m h Ama g^dV: Cg ehOmXm Z~r H$m `h H$X_
{ZemZ Ho$ Vma na eof h & Bg H$~ na Hw$N> AZgwbPo
ah`m| H$s Xmo ~mV| _mZmo nQ>rH$aU `mo` h, EH$ dh {N>
Omo H$~ Ho$ {ZH$Q> h Xgam H$X_ Omo nWa na wXm hAm
h & eof gmar pW{V _Oma Ho$ gbZ _mZ{M _| {XImB JB
h & (g_mV)

(26)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

`h hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$s H$~ h Omo `ygw Ama

OrOg `m `yO Amg\$ Ho$ Zm_ go ^r _eha h Ama H$_ra
Ho$ d`mod bmoJm| H$s Jdmhr Ho$ AZwgma bJ^J 1900 df
go `h H$~ lrZJa _whbm mZ`ma _| h &
Cma

N>V

[aV WmZ

Ombr

H ${~VmZ

_H$~ao H$m mJU

H$gmB H$s XH$mZ

Am~mXr
amOm ImZ`ma H$s
Amoa OmZo dmbr
X{jU
~mOma Jbr
(27)

Xrdma
r
H$M

M~yVam
Amg\$ Z~r
nwamZr _pOX H$s H $~ `yO
H $~ g`X ZgrrZ
Amoa XadmOm

[aV WmZ

amVm

nya~

Ombr

~{ZE H$s XH$mZ

H $X_o agyb

H ${~VmZ

~am_Xm

nwamZr Xrdma
[aV WmZ

nwamZm H ${~VmZ
Ombr

Ombr

{N> Ohm go
nhbo Iwe~y
AmVr Wr

[aV WmZ

dj

npM_

nwamZr _pOX d A` Ka

Om_m _pOX H$s Amoa

OmZo dmbm amVm

amO-E-hH$sH$V

nwVH$ H$s g_mpV

wXm VAmbm H$s H$nm go {damo{Y`m| H$mo bpOV H$aZo Ho$
{bE Ama Bg boIH$ H$s gMmB Om{ha H$aZo Ho$ {bE `h ~mV
gm{~V hmo JB h {H$ Omo lrZJa Ho$ _whbm mZ`ma _| `yO
Amg\$ Ho$ Zm_ go H$~ _mOyX h dh dVwV: {Z:gXoh Vma na
hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$s H$~ h & _ah_-E-Bgm, {Og na
{M{H$gm H$s hOmam| {H$Vm~| ~pH$ Cggo A{YH$ Jdmhr Xo ahr
h Bg ~mV H$m nhbm g~yV h {H$ hOaV _grh Ab{hgbm_
Zo gbr~ go _wpV nmB Wr & dh gbr~ na H$Xm{n Zht _ao &
Bg _ah_ H$s `m`m _| nQ> boIm| _| {M{H$gH$m| Zo {bIm h
{H$ ""`h _ah_ MmoQ>, J^nmV Ama ha H$ma Ho$ Kmd Ho$ {bE
~ZmB OmVm h Ama hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$s MmoQ>m| Ama
Kmdm| Ho$ {bE V`ma hAm Wm AWmV CZ Kmdm| Ho$ {bE Omo
AmnHo$ hmWm| Ama nam| na Wo &'' Bg _ah_ Ho$ g~yV _| _oao
nmg do H$B {M{H$gm H$s {H$Vm~| ^r h Omo bJ^J 700 df
nhbo H$s H$b_ go {bIr hB h & `o {M{H$gH$ Ho$db
_wgb_mZ Zht h ~pH$ BgmB, `hXr Ama _Oygr ^r h {OZH$s
{H$Vm~| A~ VH$ _mOyX h & amo_ Ho$ ~mXemh H$s bmB~oar _|
^r amo_Z ^mfm _| EH$ H$am~mXrZ* Wr Ama gbr~ H$s KQ>Zm
Ho$ 200 df ~rVZo go nhbo hr A{YH$Va {H$Vm~| X{Z`m _| \$b
MwH$s Wt & AV: Bg {df` H$s ~w{Z`mX {H$ hOaV _grh H$s
_`w gbr~ na Zht hB gdW_ d` BOrbm| go nXm hB h
Ogm {H$ h_ dUZ H$a MwHo$ h Ama {\$a _ah_-E-Bgm Zo
Eo{Vhm{gH$ Ama dkm{ZH$ ImoO Ho$ $n _| Bg g~yV H$mo
* {M{H$gm H$s dh {H$Vm~ {Og_| `yZmZr Am`wd}X g~Yr XdmE Ama
ZwIo {bIo hmoVo h - AZwdmXH$
(28)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

{XIm`m & VnMmV Cg BOrb Zo Omo A^r {ZH$Q> hr _|

{V~V go {_br h nQ> Jdmhr Xr, {H$ hOaV Bgm Ad`
{hXVmZ Ho$ BbmH$m _| AmE h & CgHo$ ~mX Ama ~hV gr
{H$Vm~m| go Bg KQ>Zm H$m nVm bJm Ama ""VmarI H$_ra
AmO_r'' Omo bJ^J 200 df H$s aMZm h CgHo$ nR> 82 _|
{bIm h {H$ ""g`X ZgrrZ H$s H$~ Ho$ nmg Omo Xgar H$~
h CgHo$ ~mao _| A{YH$Va bmoJm| H$m H$hZm h {H$ `h EH$
nJ~a H$s H$~ h &'' {\$a `hr B{VhmgH$ma Cgr nR> _|
{bIVm h {H$ ""EH$ ehOmXm H$_ra _| {H$gr Ama Xoe go
Am`m Wm Ama nmH$sOJr, Vdm, Vn`m Ama B~mXV _| dh
_hmZ Va na Wm & dhr IwXm H$s Amoa go Z~r hAm Ama
H$_ra _| AmH$a H$_r[a`m| _| Mma H$aZo bJ J`m, {OgH$m
Zm_ `yO Amg\$ h Ama A{YH$Va Am`m_ {deofV: _wbm
BZm`Vwbm Omo boIH$ Ho$ nra h H$h JE h {H$ Bg H$~ go
Zw~wdV H$s ~aH$V| Om{ha hmo ahr h&'' VmarI AmO_r H$s `h
npV`m \$magr _| h {OgH$m AZwdmX {H$`m J`m Ama _wpb_
E|bmo Amo[a`Q>b H$mboO _JOrZ {gV~a 1892 B. Ama AQy>~a
1896 B. Zo {H$Vm~ ehOmXm `yO Amg\$ H$s ao`y Ho$ Am`moOZ
na Omo {_Om g\$Xa Abr gm[h~ gOZ \$mO gaH$ma-E-{ZOm_
Zo {bIr h - {bIm h {H$ :`yO Amg\$ Ho$ _eha dUZ _| Omo E{e`m Ama `yamon _|
{g hmo MwH$m h nmX[a`m| Zo Hw$N> {_bmdQ> H$a Xr h AWmV
`yO Amg\$ H$s OrdZr _| Omo hOaV _grh H$s [ejm Ama
{eQ>mMma go ~hV {_bVr OwbVr h & g^dV: `o B~maV|
nmX[a`m| Zo AnZr Amoa go ~T>m Xr h &'' bo{H$Z `h {dMma
nyUV: AZ{^kVm Ho$ H$maU h ~pH$ nmX[a`m| H$mo Cg g_`
`yO Amg\$ H$s OrdZr {_br h O~{H$ Cggo nhbo g_V
(29)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

{hXVmZ Ama H$_ra _| _eha hmo MwHo$ Wo Ama Bg Xoe H$s

nwamZr {H$Vm~m| _| CZH$m dUZ h Ama A~ VH$ do {H$Vm~|
_mOyX h & {\$a nmX[a`m| H$mo amo~Xb Ho$ {bE `m JwOmBe
Wr ? hm nmX[a`m| H$m `h {dMma {H$ em`X hOaV _grh Ho$
hdmar Bg Xoe _| AmE hm|Jo Ama `o boI `yO Amg\$ H$s
OrdZr _|, `o CZHo$ boI h `h nyUV: JbV h ~pH$ h_
gm{~V H$a MwHo$ h {H$ `yO Amg\$ hOaV `yew H$m Zm_ h
{Og_| ^mfm Ho$ ~Xbmd Ho$ H$maU Hw$N> n[adVZ hmo J`m h &
A~ ^r H$B H$_rar `yO Amg\$ Ho$ ~Om` Bgm gm{h~ hr
H$hVo h Ogm {H$ {bIm J`m &
gbm_Vr hmo Cg na {OgZo {hXm`V H$m AZwgaU {H$`m &

(30)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

KmofUmn Ho$ nhbo nR> hm{e`m go g~{ YV

{V{W 30 Zd~a gZ 1898 B.
VwaV An_mZ

(AZwdmX :- ho CS> ! gMo H$mo e{_Xm H$aZo H$s

H$mo{ee _V H$a Vy Bg VarHo$ go H$^r g_mZ Zht nmEJm AZwdmXH$&)
eo _wh_X hgZ ~Q>mbdr ~ma-~ma `hr H$hVo aho {H$
""h_ gMo Ama PyR>o Ho$ naIZo Ho$ {bE _w~mhbm* MmhVo h
Ama Bbm_ Y_ _| _w~mhbm H$s nanam ^r nmB OmVr h &
bo{H$Z BgHo$ gmW `h ^r {ZdoXZ h {H$ AJa h_ PyR>o R>ha|
Vmo VwaV AOm~ (H$mon) h_ na AmE &'' BgHo$ Odm~ _|
_Zo 21 Zd~a gZ 1898 B. Ho$ KmofUmn _| {dVmanydH$
{bI {X`m h {H$ _w~mhbm _| VwaV AOm~ Zm{Ob hmoZm
nyUV: wXm VAmbm Ho$ {dYmZ Ho$ {dnarV h & hXrgm| _| A~
(b_m hmbb hmb) H$m eX _mOyX h
VH$
{Og_| nJ~a-E-wXm gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ \$a_mVo h
{H$ ZOamZ Ho$ BgmB`m| Zo S>aH$a _w~mhbm go _wh \o$a {b`m
Ama AJa do _wPgo _w~mhbm H$aVo Vmo A^r EH$ gmb ~rVZo
Z nmVm {H$ do {_Q>m {XE OmVo & AV: Bg hXrg go _w~mhbm
Ho$ {bE EH$ gmb VH$ H$s eV hOaV agybwbmh gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ _wh go {ZH$br h Ama _wgb_mZm| Ho$ {bE
* EH$-Xgao H$mo A{^emn XoH$a wXm go {ZU` MmhZm - AZwdmXH$ &
(31)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

H$`m_V (b`) VH$ `hr VarH$m Omar h {H$ hXrg Ho$ eX

H$mo gm_Zo aIH$a _w~mhbm H$s g_`-gr_m H$mo EH$ gmb go
H$_ Zht H$aZm Mm{hE & ~pH$ wXm Ho$ dbr (G${f) Ama
Am`m_kmZr Omo YaVr na Abmh Ho$ moVH$ h do h_oem Ho$
{bE Z~r gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ Cmam{YH$mar hmoH$a
Bg M_H$ma Ho$ ^r Cmam{YH$mar h {H$ AJa H$moB BgmB Omo
hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$mo wXm _mZVm h* `m H$moB Ama
VdmXr Omo {H$gr Ama BgmZ H$mo wXm `mb H$aVm h CZ
go Bg {df` _| _w~mhbm H$ao Vmo wXm VAmbm Cg g_`gr_m _| `m {H$gr Ama g_`-gr_m _| Omo Bdar` H$Q>Z go
_wh_ H$mo kmV hmo, {Vnjr H$mo AnZo ^wd Ama gMmB Ho$
_mU Ho$ {bE H$moB Amg_mZr {ZemZ {XImEJm Ama `h
Bbm_ H$s gMmB H$s {bE h_oem Ho$ {ZemZ h {OZH$m
_wH$m~bm H$moB H$m_ Zht H$a gH$Vr & AV: EH$ df H$s
g_`-gr_m Omo S>amZo H$s ^{d`dm{U`m| _| EH$ N>moQ>r gr
Ad{Y h, nQ> Am`Vm| go gm{~V h & VwaV AOm~ MmhZo
H$s `h hR> dhr H$aoJm {OgH$mo hXrg Ho$ kmZ go nyU
AZ{^kVm h & Eogm `pV _mb{d`V H$s emZ H$mo XmJ
bJmVm h & _Zo Vmo ~Q>mbdr gm{h~ H$mo g_PmZo Ho$ {bE `h
^r {bI {X`m Wm {H$ _w~mhbm _| Ho$db EH$ nj go ~XXAm
* BOrb go gm{~V h {H$ M_H$ma {XIbmZo H$s ~aH$V hOaV _grh
Ho$ O_mZo _| BgmB Y_ _| nmB OmVr Wr ~pH$ M_H$ma {XIbmZm
gMo BgmB H$s {ZemZr Wr bo{H$Z O~ go BgmB`m| Zo BgmZ H$mo IwXm
~Zm`m Ama gMo agyb H$mo PwR>bm`m V~ go `o gmar ~aH$V| CZgo
I_ hmo JB Ama Xgao _wXm Y_m] H$s ^m{V `h Y_ ^r _wXm hmo
J`m& Bgr H$maU go h_mao _wH$m~bo na H$moB BgmB Amg_mZr {ZemZ
{XImZo Ho$ {bE IS>m Zht hmo gH$Vm & (boIH$)
(32)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

(A{^emn) Zht hmoVr ~pH$ XmoZm| Amoa go ~XXAm hmoVr h &

AV: AJa EH$ `pV _mo{_Z Ama _wgb_mZ H$hbmVm h Ama
Xgao `pV H$mo H$m{\$a, XOmb, AY_u, {YH$V Ama _wVX
(Y_`mJr) H$hH$a Bbm_ go Im[aO H$aVm h Ogm {H$ {_`m
_wh_X hgZ ~Q>mbdr h Vmo CgH$mo {H$gZo _Zm {H$`m h {H$
dh VwaV AOm~ (H$mon) AmZo Ho$ {bE ~X XAm H$ao & _Ja
_wh_ (AWmV BdmUr nmZo dmbm) CgH$s BN>m H$m AZwgaU
Zht H$a gH$Vm & _wh_ Vmo IwXm VAmbm Ho$ AmXoe H$m
nmbZ H$aoJm bo{H$Z 21 Zd~a gZ 1898 B. H$m h_mam
KmofUmn Omo _w~mhbm Ho$ $n _| eoI _wh_X hgZ Ama
CgHo$ Xmo h_amO {_m| Ho$ _wH$m~bo na {ZH$bm h & dh
Ho$db EH$ XAm h & {OgH$m Vmn` Ho$db `h h {H$ PyR>o
H$mo IwXm VAmbm H$s Amoa go gdmB nhMo & BgH$m `h AW
Zht h {H$ PyR>m _mam OmE `m {H$gr H$moR>o H$s N>V go {Jao&
My{H$ _wh_X hgZ Ama OQ>br Ama {V~Vr Zo _ZJT>V PyR>r
~mVm|, bm'ZVm| Ama Jm{b`m| go Ho$db _oar gdmB Mmhr h
Bg{bE _Zo IwXm VAmbm go `hr Mmhm h {H$ AJa dmVd _|
_ bOm Ho$ `mo` Ama PyR>m, XOmb Ama bm'ZVr h Ogm
{H$ _wh_X hgZ Zo Bg H$ma H$s Jm{b`m| go AnZo A~ma
^a {XE h Ama ~ma-~ma _oam {Xb X:Im`m h Vmo Ama ^r
bpOV {H$`m OmD$ Ama eoI _wh_X hgZ H$mo IwXm VAmbm
H$s Amoa go {VR>m {_bo Ama ~S>o-~S>o nX nmE bo{H$Z AJa
_ PyR>m Ama XOmb Ama bm'ZVr Zht hy Vmo IwXm VAmbm Ho$
Xa~ma _| _oar \$[a`mX h {H$ _wPo e{_Xm H$aZo dmbo _wh_X
hgZ Ama OQ>br Ama {V~Vr H$mo IwXm VAmbm H$s Amoa go
e{_XJr nhMo & AVEd _ IwXm VAmbm go A`mMmar Ama
PyR>o H$s e{_XJr MmhVm h Mmho h_ XmoZm| _| go H$moB ^r
(33)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

hmo Ama Cg na Am_rZ (VWmVw) H$hVm h & _wPo `h Bhm_

hAm h {H$ BZ XmoZm| njm| _| go Omo nj dmVd _| IwXm
VAmbm H$s pQ> _| A`mMmar Ama PyR>m h CgH$mo wXm
e{_Xm H$aoJm Ama `h KQ>Zm 15 OZdar gZ 1900 B. VH$
nyar hmo OmEJr & wXm VAmbm ^br ^m{V OmZVm h {H$
CgH$s pQ> _| H$mZ A`mMmar Ama PyR>m h & AJa Bg
Ad{Y _| _oar e{_XJr Om{ha hmo JB Vmo {Z:gXoh _oam PyR>m
Ama A`mMmar Ama XOmb hmoZm gm{~V hmo OmEJm Ama Bg
Vah go H$m_ H$m {V{XZ H$m PJS>m I_ hmo OmEJm bo{H$Z
`{X eoI _wh_X hgZ Ama Om\$a OQ>br Ama {V~Vr na
Amg_mZ go H$moB e{_XJr AmE Vmo dh Bg ~mV na R>mog
g~yV hmoJm {H$ Chm|Zo Jm{b`m XoZo Ama XOmb Ama bm'ZVr
Ama PyR>m H$hZo _| _wP na A`mMma {H$`m h, bo{H$Z eoI
_wh_X hgZ Zo _oao Aa~r Bhm_ Ho$ dm`
(A'Vm'O~mo-{bA_ar) na Eo[VamO H$aHo$ Omo 21 Zd~a 1898
B. Ho$ KmofUmn _| h AnZo {bE e{_XJr H$m XadmOm d`
Imobm h & _mZmo AnZo hmWm| go erK e{_XJr nmZo H$s
BN>m H$mo nyam {H$`m & ~pH$ erK e{_XJr H$mo Vmo 15
{Xg~a gZ 1898 B. go nyam hmoZm Mm{hE Wm & Bhm|Zo
Cggo nhbo hr EH$ H$m{~bo e_ e{_XJr CR>mB h {OgH$mo
VwaV Zht ~pH$ A{J_ e{_XJr H$hZm Mm{hE Ama dh `h
h {H$ CnamoV eoI Zo Bhm_ H$mo XoIH$a EH$ Adga na eo
Jwbm_ _wV\$m gm{h~ Ho$ gm_Zo Omo Cgr eha Ho$ dmgr h
_oao Bg KmofUmn H$mo XoIH$a `h Eo[VamO {H$`m {H$
KmofUmn _| {bIo Bhm_ _| Omo `h dm` h {H$
(A Vm'O~mo {bA_ar) Bg_| `mH$aU H$s w{Q>
h Ama wXm H$s dmUr JbV Zht hmo gH$Vr, ~pH$
(34)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

(A Vm'O~mo {_Z A_ar) hmoZm Mm{hE & `h

dh Eo[VamO h {Oggo eoI A{dbm~ bpOV hAm `m|{H$
Aa~ Ho$ _eha H${d`m| ~pH$ O_mZm Om{h{b`V Ho$ ~S>o-~S>o
H${d`m| H$s aMZmAm| go h_Zo gm{~V H$a {X`m h {H$ AO~
eX H$m g~YH$maH$ bm_ ( ) ^r hAm H$aVm h & A~
nQ> h {H$ eoI gm{h~ Zo `h JbV Eo[VamO H$aHo$ Omo
CZH$s nyar AZ{^kVm Ama _yIVm H$s Amoa Bemam H$aVm h,
{dmZm| Ho$ gm_Zo AnZm g~go ~S>m {N>mdofU AnZo hmWm|
H$am`m h Ama ha EH$ X_Z Ama XmoV na gm{~V H$a {X`m
h {H$ dh Ho$db Zm_ Ho$ _mbdr h Ama Aa~r ^mfm Ho$
kmZm| go AZ{^k h Ama Eogo `pV Ho$ {bE Omo _mbdr
H$hbmVm h Bggo ~T>H$a Ama H$moB e{_XJr Zht & dh
dmVd _| _m{bd`V H$s {deofVmAm| go d{MV h & A\$gmog
Bg `pV H$mo A~ VH$ nVm Zht {H$ Bg {H$`m (verb)
H$m g~YH$maH$ AWmV A' O' ~ H$m H$^r {_Z ( ) Ho$
eX go AmVm h Ama H$^r bm_ ( ) go & EH$ ~Mm
{OgZo `mH$aU H$s ma{^H$ nwVH$ {hXm`VwZhd H$m A``Z
{H$`m hmo dh ^r OmZVm h {H$ dm`-{dbofH$m| Zo bm_
( ) eX H$m ^r g~YH$maH$ ~`mZ {H$`m h {Og Vah {H$
{_Z eX H$m ~`mZ {H$`m h & AV: Bg g~YH$maH$ Ho$
_mU _| Omo Xmoho VwV {H$E JE h CZ_| go EH$ `h ^r
h :H${d Zo Bg Xmoho _| XmoZm| g~YH$maH$m| H$m dUZ H$a {X`m
h bm_ eX H$m ^r Ama {_Z eX H$m ^r & BgHo$ A{V[aV
XrdmZ h_mg: Ho$ nR> 9 Ama 390, 411, 475, 511 _| Omo
gaH$mar H$mboOm| _| bJm h {OgH$s nQ>Vm Ama AbH$m[aH$Vm
(35)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

_m{UV Ama {g h & {Og_| go Om\$a nw C~m Ama Xgao

H${d`m| Ho$ nmM Xmoho {bIo JE h {OZ_| CZ Aa~ Ho$ _eha
H${d`m| Zo Aa~r eX A O ~ H$m g~YH$maH$ bm_ eX
`moJ {H$`m h Ama do {ZZ{b{IV h :-

Bggo ~T>H$a Omo hXrg {_H$mV {H$Vm~wb B_mZ nR> 3 _|

Bbm_ Ho$ AW Ho$ ~mao _| AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
go d{UV h Ama hXrg H$s {H$Vm~ ~wImar Ama _wpb_ XmoZm| _|
nmB OmVr h & Cg_| ^r A O ~ eX H$m g~YH$maH$ bm_
eX ~`mZ hAm h & hXrg Ho$ eX `o h :XoImo Bg OJh Aa~r eX AOZm H$m
g~YH$maH$ {_Z Zht ~pH$ bm_ eX {bIm h Ama AOZm
{_Zhmo Zht H$hm ~pH$ AOZm bhy H$hm h & A~ ~Q>mbdr
gm{h~ ~VmE {H$ {dmZm| Ho$ {ZH$Q> EH$ _mbdr H$hbmZo dmbo
H$s `hr e{_XJr h `m BgH$m H$moB Ama Zm_ h ? Ama `h
^r \$dm X| {H$ Bg e{_XJr H$mo VwaV e{_XJr H$hZm
Mm{hE `m H$moB Ama Zm_ aIZm Mm{hE & _Z _| of aIZo
dmbo eoI Zo AnZo of Ho$ AmdoJ go ~hV OX AnZo Amn H$mo
Bg Xmoho H$m nm ~Zm {b`m {H$ :-

(36)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

(AZwdmX :- VyZo _wPo _wH$m~bm Ho$ {bE bbH$mam Ama d`

hr Omb _| \$g J`m & AnZr gmoM H$mo Ama _O~yV H$a
`m|{H$ Vy A^r H$Mm h - AZwdmXH$ &)
XoIZm Mm{hE {H$ _oar e{_XJr H$s MmhV _| H$gr AnZr
e{_XJr H$Q> H$a Xr & {Og `pV H$mo {_H$mV ear\$ H$s
nhbr hXrg H$m ^r kmZ Zht Ama Omo hXrg Bbm_ Ho$
n[aM` H$s ~w{Z`mX h CgHo$ eX ^r kmV Zht Ama Omo {df`
~wImar Ama _wpb_ H$s hXrg _| nQ>$n go d{UV h Cggo
A~ VH$ ~yT>o hmoZo H$s hmbV _| ^r OmZH$mar Zht & `m EH$
`m`H$Vm Eogo `pV H$m Zm_ _mbdr aI gH$Vm h ? AV:
{Og `pV Ho$ Aa~r ^mfm Ho$ kmZ H$m `h hmb h Ama
hXrg H$s OmZH$mar H$s `h dmV{dH$Vm h {H$ {_H$mV H$s
nhbr hXrg Ho$ eXm| go hr AZ{^kVm h CgH$m hmb
{Z:gXoh ah_ Ho$ bm`H$ h Ama CgH$s e{_XJr nXmnmoer H$s
H$mo{eem| go ^r ~T>H$a h Ama CgH$s `h e{_XJr {Z:gXoh
VwaV e{_XJr h Omo {ZemZ Ho$ Vma na CgH$s _mJ Ho$ AZwgma
H$Q> hB & CgZo AnZo _wh go VwaV e{_XJr Ama gdmB
_mJr, IwXm Zo VwaV e{_XJr Ama gdmB {XIbmB &
h_ {bI MwHo$ h {H$ Bg Bhm_ H$m g~Y {H$gr H$s _mV
`m Q>mJ Qy>Q>Zo go Zht & `h Ho$db PyR>o H$s e{_XJr Om{ha
H$aZo Ho$ {bE h & Bggo nhbo {H$ IwXm VAmbm H$m H$moB Ama
~S>m {ZemZ e{_XJr Om{ha H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$Q> hmo, `h
e{_XJr ^r PyR>o Ho$ {bE wXm VAmbm Ho$ hmW H$m EH$ H$moS>m
h & Bhm_ A Vm'O~mo {bA_ar _| dVwV: `h EH$ ah` Nw>nm
hAm Wm {H$ `h Bhm_ _wh_X hgZ Ho$ {bE EH$ ah`_`
^{d`dmUr Wr {Og_| gHo$V Ho$ Vma na `h ~`mZ Wm {H$
_wh_X hgZ dm` A Vm'O~mo {bA_ar na EoVamO H$aoJm Ama
(37)

amO-E-hH$sH$V

CgH$m `h Ame` h {H$ ho _wh_X hgZ `m Vy {bA_ar Ho$

eX na AmM` H$aVm h Ama _oao Bg Bhm_ H$mo JbV
R>hamVm h Ama CgH$m g~YH$maH$ {_Z eX ~VmVm h & XoI _
VwP na gm{~V H$$Jm {H$ _ AZwam{J`m| Ho$ gmW h Ama Voar
e{_XJr Om{ha H$$Jm & AVEd dhr e{_XJr Om{ha hB Ama
Bgr na _ Zht h `m|{H$ _wh_X hgZ Ama CgHo$ {_JU
Bg gdmB Ama e{_XJr H$mo hbdm H$s Vah hO_ H$a OmEJo
`m _m Ho$ XY H$s Vah nr OmEJo, Bg{bE dh gdmB Ama
e{_XJr Omo PyR>o Ama A`mMmar Ho$ {bE Amg_mZ na V`ma h
dh Bggo ~T>H$a h & wXm VAmbm Zo _wPo H$hm h {H$
*
AV: `{X _ AH$maU e{_Xm {H$`m J`m h
Vmo wXm Ho$ Cg e{_Xm H$aZo dmbo {ZemZ H$m C_rXdma h
Omo PyR>o, A`mMmar, Amamon bJmZo dmbo Ama XOmb H$mo
e{_Xm H$aZo Ho$ ~mao _| h, Ama AJa _ hr Eogm h Vmo
e{_Xm hJm A`Wm BZ XmoZm| njm| _| go Omo A`mMmar Ama
PyR>m hmoJm dh Cg e{_XJr H$m _Om MIoJm & Bg kmZ
g~Yr gdmB Ho$ Abmdm _wh_X hgZ Ama CgHo$ {Jamoh H$mo
EH$ Ama ^r VwaV gdmB {_br Omo gMr KQ>ZmAm| go {g hmo
JB h {H$ hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ Z gbr~ na _ao Ama Z
Amg_mZ na MT>o ~pH$ `h{X`m| H$s H$b H$s BN>m go Nw>Q>H$mam
nmH$a {hXVmZ _| AmE Ama AVV: EH$ gm ~rg (120) df
H$s Am`w _| lrZJa H$_ra _| CZH$s _`w hB & AVEd
_wh_X hgZ B`m{X Ho$ {bE `h ~hV ~S>m emoH$ Ama ~hV
~S>m An_mZ h & Bgr go

* AWmV ~wamB H$m ~Xbm Cgr Ho$ ~am~a h - AZwdmXH$ &

(38)