INR!D"CI!N ! #E #"MAN $!D% I. Anatomy Science that deals with structure and function of the human body A. &'oss Anatomy 1. Regional anatomy 2. Systemic anatomy B. Mic'oscopic Anatomy 1. Cytology 2. Histology 3. rganology C. De(elopmental Anatomy II. Anatomical e'minology A. Anatomic Position B. Planes o) the $ody 1. !edian "lane #midsagittal $lane% 2. Sagittal "lane a% !idsagittal "lane b% "arasagittal "lane 3. Coronal #frontal% "lane &. Hori'ontal #trans(erse% "lane C. e'ms o) Relationship 1. Anterior #(entral) frontal% 2. "osterior #dorsal) behind% 3. Su$erior #ce$halic) cranial% &. Inferior #caudal% *. !edial +. ,ateral -. e'ms o) Compa'ison 1. "ro.imal 2. -istal 3. Su$erficial &. -ee$ *. Interior +. /.terior 0. I$silateral 1. Contralateral 2. Combined 3erms /. e'ms o) Mo(ement 1. 4le.ion 2. /.tension 3. Abduction &. Adduction *. Circumduction +. Rotation 0. "rotrusion 1. Retrusion 2. In(ersion 15. /(ersion *KE+EA+ *%*EM 2 1. Classi)ication acco'ding to shape 3here are o(er 255 bones in the s6eleton classified into * main ty$es according to their sha$e7 a. +ong ,ones Consist of one dia$hysis and 2 e$i$hysis8 slightly cur(ed for strength e.g. femur) tibia) $halan. b. *ho't ,ones 9early as wide as long. e.g. car$als) tarsals c. -lat ,ones 3hin and flat 3wo thin $lates of com$act bone enclosing a layer of s$ongy bone. "ro(ide strength and large areas for muscle attachment. e.g. cranial bones) sternum) ribs) sca$ula d. I''eg.la' ,ones Com$le. sha$e. e.g. (ertebrae) facial bones. e. *esamoid ,ones Small bones enclosed by the tendon of a muscle :ariable in number. e.g. $atella f. Accesso'y ,ones e.g. sutural #;ormian% bones 2. *.')ace ma'/ings !any surface mar6ings or bony $ro<ections indicate $laces of muscle attachment) articulations) $assage of blood (essels and ner(es 3 a. Ele(ations 1. ,ine) ridge) crest 2. 3ubercle = rounded ele(ation #small% 3. "rotuberance = 6nob) swelling &. 3rochanter = large blunt ele(ation *. 3uberosity = large round ele(ation +. !alleolus = large ele(ation b. -acet = small round surface usually for articulation c. -o'amen, g'oo(e d. !the's = head) fossa) groo(e) meatus 3. Di(isions o) the s/eleton 3wo ma<or di(isions A.ial s6eleton #about 15 bones%8 a$$endicular s6eleton #about 125 bones% a. A0ial s/eleton Arranged around the median $lane. 3he s6eleton of the head) nec6 and trun6 consists of7 S6ull #cranium % Hyoid bone :ertebrae Ribs Sternum b. Appendic.la' s/eleton Bones of the a$$endages #u$$er and lower e.tremities% >$$er limb bones8 $ectoral girdle #sca$ula and cla(icle% ,ower limb bones8 $el(ic girdle or hi$ bone &. $lood s.pply and inne'(ation 4