Project Name : G- ticket

Domain : Embedded System

Microcontroller : AVR
IEEE INSPEC Accessing Number :

In this project we are planning to implement the concept of buying train
ticket without stand in queue for a long time. For this we are mainly depends on
GSM technology. If we want to go to any place by train, first of all we have to
send the message to the specified no in a proper format, that contains the detail
about the places, that you are boarding from and going to. And also the train no.
and no of tickets required. So the micro controller placed in the receiver section
extracts the data from the message and replay them with the ticket no. and the
total amount. When we come to railway station we can collect the ticket by
giving money to them. Ticket can be easily identified by ticket no that will get
from the message. So we can avoid waiting in long queues.








BLOCK DIAGRAM
RECEIVING SECTION









TRANSMITTING SECTION




ANTEENA
MOBILE
PHONES




AT MEGA32
LCD DRIVER
MAX232
TICKET
PROCESSING
OSCILLATOR
RESET
GSM
MODEM
LCD
BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION
Microcontroller
The heart of this project is AVR microcontroller, it has more features like
16bit timer, 10-bit ADC, USART, SPI, I2C, 256 bytes of EEPROM memory,
and 32kbytes of flash program memory, then at last its speed of program
execution is about to 1 microsecond or 10 MIPS (10 Million Instructions per
second), etc. However, compare to other microcontroller it is fast and very ease
to program in C language because of huge support can gain from the
manufacturer for programming. The special IDE offered by the manufacture, it
is named as AVR Studio IDE for it code generation purpose.
RESET
It is used to reset the microcontroller when needed.
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the
mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an
electrical signal with a very precise frequency. This frequency is commonly
used to keep track of time to provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated
circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers. The
most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so
oscillator circuits incorporating them became known as crystal oscillators, but
other piezoelectric materials including polycrystalline ceramics are used in
similar circuits.
LCD
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display,
or video display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals.
Liquid crystals do not emit light directly. They are common in consumer
devices such as video players, gaming devices, clocks, watches, calculators, and
telephones, and have replaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in most
applications. They are available in a wider range of screen sizes than CRT and
plasma displays, and since they do not use phosphors, they do not suffer image
burn-in. LCDs are, however, susceptible to image persistence.

GSM
GSM is a cellular network, which means that mobile phones
connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity. GSM networks
operate in four different frequency ranges. Most GSM networks operate in the
900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. Some countries in the Americas (including
Canada and the United States) use the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands because
the 900 and 1800 MHz frequency bands were already allocated.
The rarer 400 and 450 MHz frequency bands are assigned in some
countries, notably Scandinavia, where these frequencies were previously used
for first-generation systems.
MAX 232 (Voltage Level Converter)
The MAX232 is an IC, first created by Maxim Integrated Products,
that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use in
TTL compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver
and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals. The drivers provide
RS-232 voltage level outputs (approx. 7.5 V) from a single + 5 V supply via
on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. This makes it useful for
implementing RS-232 in devices that otherwise do not need any voltages
outside the 0 V to + 5 V range, as power supply design does not need to be
made more complicated just for driving the RS-232 in this case. The receivers
reduce RS-232 inputs (which may be as high as 25 V), to standard 5 V TTL
levels. These receivers have a typical threshold of 1.3 V, and a typical hysteresis
of 0.5 V.
USART
A Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter, abbreviated UART
is a piece of computer hardware that translates data between parallel and serial
forms. UARTs are commonly used in conjunction with communication
standards such as EIA, RS-232, RS-422 or RS-485. The universal designation
indicates that the data format and transmission speeds are configurable. The
electric signaling levels and methods (such as differential signaling etc.) are
handled by a driver circuit external to the UART.
A UART is usually an individual (or part of an) integrated circuit used
for serial communications over a computer or peripheral device serial port.
UARTs are now commonly included in microcontrollers. A dual UART, or
DUART, combines two UARTs into a single chip. Many modern ICs now come
with a UART that can also communicate synchronously; these devices are
called USARTs (universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver/transmitter).
TICKET PROCESING
In this section we generate the railway ticket and also store the ticket no.
to send to the customer.
Transmitting section
In this section we will send request to the the receiving section about the need
of the train ticket